Stupino Secondary school №9

Easy or Difficult – that is the Question!

The pupil of the 9th grade: Malevanaya A.

Teacher: Belova N.V.

As we know, there are about 6 thousand languages in the world. Each language is unique and carries a

piece of history . In my opinion the most popular languages nowadays are English and French. I am

learning both languages now.

• My hypothesis is that English and French have much in common, what facilitates their simultaneous study. I ‘ve come to this conclusion, basing on my own experience.

• The Relevance of the topic of my research work is that the study of linguistics and analysis of English and French will help to learn French as a second language.

• The aim of this study is to compare both languages from the point of view of some categories and check up my hypothesis.

START

• To study the origin and history of English and French• To clear up linguistic features of English• To clear up linguistic features of French• To identify the similarities of these languages and the possible

reasons • To find out how many students in the 9th grade study two

foreign languages, is it easy or difficult and why

The questioning of my

classmates has given

the following

information:

In their opinion learning the second foreign language is much easier, than the first one because we can compare two languages, see the differences and similarities. Sometimes we can use the knowledge of the first language in the study of the second.

20%

70%

10%

Из 20 уч-ся, изучающих более, чем 1 иностранный язык, считают:

Что это трудно Что это легко Что это скорее трудно чем легко

Difficult – 20%, easy – 70%, more difficult than easy – 10%

30%

21%19%

12%

6%4%

3% 2% 2% 1%

Для чего учащиеся 9-х классов (91 чел) учат иностранные языки?

Для того, чтобы общаться с иностранцами, для путешествий

Для профессиональной карьеры, для работы за границей

Для саморазвития, расширения кругозора, чтобы быть образованным

Т.к. заставляют, т.к. требует школьная программа

Т.к. без иностранного, в часности, английского в современном мире – никуда, много информации на английском языке

Для себя, т.к. нравится и интересно

Для поступления и учебы в ВУЗе

Most students are learning one or two foreign languages in order to communicate abroad, for their professional career or for self-development.

They came across difficulties studying grammar, pronunciation and reading rules. It is also difficult to speak fluently . But the most difficult is to make a decision to study the second foreign language and do it every day!

78%

22%

Опрошено: 91 ученик 9-х классов из них:

Учат английский язык Учат 2-3-4 языка

However, only 22% of my classmates decided to study two foreign languages. This is due to the fact that the knowledge of even one foreign language requires diligence and a lot of hard work.

Learning English – 78%, learning 2,3 or 4 language – 22%

Linguistic features of two languages in comparison

Article - is a function word indicating the gender and number of the noun.

NOUN / ARTICLE A (an) The Zero article

Singular A cat The cat  

Plural - The cats Cats

Uncountable nouns - The water Water

UncountableCountable For Example

Tea – чай A tea I ordered a tea.

Thought - мышление

A thought A thought struck him.

iron - железо an iron Do you need an iron?

In French the meaning of a word or a phrase depends on

articles.

Singular Plural

A (an) -

the -\the

Singular Plural

Le (м), la (ж) les

Un (м), une

(ж)

des

du, de l' (м),

de la, de l' (ж)

There is no

plural here

In English there are three articles:The definite article –the, indefinite article –a(an) and zero article

English and French verbs:

1. Simple, consisting of one base and not having in its composition any prefix or suffix: to play / je fatique2. Derivatives, which include prefixes and suffixes: to take - to mistake (only in English)3.Complex or compound verbs consisting of two bases, but expressing the same concept: to whitewash, to fulfil (only in English)

In both languages the verb is often a simple predicate or a part of the predicate. Marie écrit une lettre. - Mary writes a letter. (Action) Je suis fatigué. - I'm tired. (State)

Comparing the numerals

It is important to say that the numerals in English are represented in the form of nouns, for example million, thousand.

Ordinal numbers are formed from the French cardinals by adding the suffix -ième.

trios troisième

dix disième

Before English ordinal numbers we usually put the definite article the.

one the first

five the fifth

English adjectives have no case, nor numberIn French feminine adjectives are formed by adding the ending -e

Il est petit Он

маленький

elle est petitE Она маленькая

Il est joli Он красивый elle est joliE Она красивая

Il est prêt Он готов elle est prêtE Она готова

Masculine + e

Il est bon Он хороший Elle est

boNNE

Она хорошая

Il est ancien Он старинный Elle est

ancieNNE

Она старинная

Adjectives ending in masculine -en and -on, in the feminine consonant -n is doubled before the ending -e:

The French conquest influenced English very much

During the reign of William the Conqueror animals were indicated by the words from the vocabulary of the English shepherd, and fine cuisine made from them for the French nobility, -using the French word, to make it clear for them. French became the official language of England.

In the second half of the 17th century, the development of cultural and business relations between Britain and France continued penetration of French words into English .

Magazine журнал

Police|pəˈliːs|

полиция

Ballet|ˈbæleɪ|

балет

Bouquet|bʊˈkeɪ|

букет

Mirage|ˈmɪrɑːʒ|

мираж

Chemise|ʃəˈmiːz|

дамская сорочка

ox beef

ConclusionAfter studying and analyzing linguistic information on the subject, the history of the English language, reading the results of the questioning , and judging by my own experience, I have come to the conclusion that my hypothesis is justified. Speaking about the confirmation of the hypothesis about the similarity of two languages, I think it should be said that the study of languages means hard work, diligence and a great desire. In this case the result is guaranteed!

Thank you for your attention!

FINISH