Evolution

Study your brain diagrams. You should be able to label the different sections of the brain. We will have a quiz in 5-10 min.

Do Now: Parts of the brainBrain PopThe BrainHomework and AnnouncementsDue on Monday 23, 2015No USA TestPrep Fall Interim on Thursday.GIZMO: Rainfall and Bird BeaksPrint out and complete all questions and activities

The Puzzle of Lifes Discovery Packet

Test and notebook check on Monday 23, 2015 STUDY!!Evidence of evolution, the brain, Darwins voyage and his findingsTitle: Darwin chapter 16Darwin developed a scientific theory of biological evolution that explains how modern organisms evolved over long periods of time through descent from common ancestorsDarwin was born in 1809 and began his journey in 1831 on the HMS Beagle

Observations Aboard The BeagleDarwin didnt just observe species, he thought about them in scientific ways and noticedSpecies vary globallySpecies vary locallySpecies vary over timeDifferent species inhabit separate, but ecologically similar habitats

Observations Aboard The BeagleDarwin also noticed that different, yet related animal species occupied different habitats within a local areaAll his observations were conducted between Australia, South America, and Africa (and of course, the Galapagos)

Observations Aboard The BeagleDarwin also noticed that some fossils of extinct animals were similar to living species the Glyptodont and the ArmadilloAll of this evidence suggested that species are not fixed, but that they change by some kind of natural process which we know today as _______________.

Natural SelectionIdeas that shaped Darwins thinkingHutton and Lyell, two geologists, concluded that Earth is extremely old and the processes that changed Earth in the past are still operating in the presentWent against the idea that Earth was only a few thousand years old

An Ancient, Changing EarthHutton introduced deep time: our planets history is older than we can imagine. He reached this conclusion by his observations of:The layers of rocks in mountains, valleys, and even volcanic molten lavaRain, wind, heat and cold take a long time to shape rock

An Ancient, Changing EarthLyell believed in uniformitarianism laws are constant over time (what happens now, happened then)Darwin read Lyells book and observed an earthquake push rock from the sea out if Earth was old, and the same things happened, could life have changed too?Lamarcks Evolutionary HypothesisLamarck suggested that species decide what part of themselves to use / not use, and these traits were passed on to offspringPublished the year Darwin was born, 1809

Lamarcks Evolutionary HypothesisHe suggested that if we wanted longer legs, we simply had to wish or stretch for them and it would happen acquired characteristicsThen, we passed then on to our children inherited acquired characteristicsCrazy ideas! But he was the first to suggest we changed according to our environment essential for people like Darwin to come up with evidence!

Population GrowthMalthus had suggested that we cant grow unchecked because there wont be enough space for everyone we were limited by war, famine and diseaseDarwin linked this to other organisms and reasoned this must be the reason why only certain individuals survive and reproduce

Artificial SelectionVariations cause some animals to be more productive than others we choose the best and breed those to make sure those variations become permanent.Darwin didnt understand where these variations came from, but he knew this would cause changes in the species

Darwin Presents His CaseDarwin did not publish his ideas immediately for fear of being ridiculed, until he found out Wallace was about to publish something very similar

Evolution by Natural SelectionThe struggle for existence: more are born than can survive, and must compete for resourcesThose with the best adaptations (body part, color, function or behavior) survive and reproduce have high fitness

Evolution by Natural SelectionNatural selection occurs in any situation in which More individuals are born that can survive (survival of the fittest)There is natural heritable variation (variation and adaptation)There is variable fitness among individuals (survival of the fittest) Evolution by Natural SelectionNatural selection doesnt make perfect organisms- just good enough to survive in their environmentsIf the environment changes, adaptations can change also so long as its not too fast of a change

CUTENESS!!!Common DescentAs generations progress, we get species evolving into new species descent with modificationThe principle of common descent is that all living and extinct species are descended from ancient common ancestors The tree of life

Tree of LifeIts not about humans evolving from chimps or turtles evolving from seaweed. That didnt happen. However, we have found evidence that all living things have common ancestors. These ancestors were the trigger for all life on earth. The primordial soup that produced the oxygen and DNA for the diverse life that we see today.

Independent WorkWrite a brief summary of the ideas that influence Darwin as he developed the theory of evolution through natural selection.

Get with your group and finish the Affects on the Brain posters (presentations?)

Did your group finish before everyone else?Work on your Darwins Voyage packet.