13
Study on the Counterfeit of Currency Notes of Various Countries Compared Using Advanced Security Features 1 Mrs. B. Hari Chandana, 2 Ms. LavanyaKandikunta, 3 Prof. T. Bhaskar Reddy 1, 2, 3 Department of Computer Science and Technology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University Anantapur-515003, Andhra Pradesh, India. Abstract: Counterfeiting is one of the troublesome effort for all of the Countries. Though we have the most unique security features for the bank notes, still we witness fake currencies circling among the people. Many countries have introduced anti- photocopying features that still keeps hope of not getting Counterfeit. During the manufacturing or at the time of print, these special, unique and advanced security features are added to the banknotes. Most common and globally used special features are the paper quality, intaglio printing, watermarks, security threads, latent image, etc. On a Global each country follows their own type of security features. In this paper, advanced security features of a few countries like Indian Rupee (), Australian Dollar ($), British Pound (£), Euro (€), American Dollar ($) and Renminbi (¥) are studied and compared. On a thorough study on various country currencies and the above mentioned, it is proudly acknowledged that the Indian currency i.e. Rupee () is one that has unique and advanced security features like “Anti-Photocopying Omron Feature”. Therefore, we have a better security in terms of counterfeiting the banknotes in our country. Keywords Anti-Copying, Counterfeiting, Omron Security feature, bank note, Special security features, currency. Introduction The major issue of the new-age banknote is to keep the monetary certificates with forward security highlights to avoid duplicating of cash. A monetary order is a paper cash, involving a cardinal bank promissory note to pay somebody a specific aggregate of cash on interest. The cardinal bank changes from nation to nation; they are in charge of issuing money of a specific nation. Like-Reserve Bank of (India), Reserve Bank of (Australia), Bank of (England), European Central Bank (For every single European nation Spain, France, Italy, and so on.), Federal Reserve System (USA), The People's Bank of China, and so forth. The monetary standards issued by these banks are Indian Rupee (), Australian Dollar ($), British Pound (£), Euro (€), American Dollar ($) and Renminbi (¥) individually and these monetary standards are the most tradable monetary forms on the planet. Forging of cash implies an impersonation of monetary certificates with plan to counterfeit out. The criminal movement of duplicating cash is as old as creation of money itself. Most recent development in PC advancements and photography, alongside the availability to minimal effort instruments, has made the assembling of phony cash just and this prompts genuine threatening to national budgetary frameworks, keeping money associations and clients all inclusive. Just to stop the forging of cash, each nation is refreshing its money routinely by adding specialized security highlights to its banknote, security highlights are of two kinds' one which can be seen by bare eyes and others require utilization of gear resembles Magnifying glass, Ultra Violet light, Infra-red watcher, and so on. Each advanced banknote comprise of following security highlights like- 1. Paper quality-The sort of paper that we use in our day by day lives is entirely unexpected from the kind of paper utilized in assembling of a banknote, exceptional sort of paper are utilized with the end goal to give longer life to a monetary order and make it more confounded to fake. Presently multi day's unique sort of polymers are additionally been utilized in light of the fact that they have more normal life than paper notes and they are impervious to flame and water. 2. Security string- Security strings are the most well-known and safe highlights, which are amazingly difficult to be made without the assistance of any particular device/gear. These strings are imbued into the paper at beginning time of banknote creation. As a rule there are two sorts of security strings: inward security string and jumping security string. The inside security strings are totally inside the sheet of the paper and these strings might be strong and straightforward, including some small scale engravings. Plastics and metal can be utilized. The plunging security strings are by and large shaped of thwart, these kinds of strings contains composed content in them, which is observable when seen over some light source. 3. Inclination shading- It is likewise most solid security highlight, which is almost hard to reproduce even with best copying gadgets. Banknotes are printed with shading slopes that change so somewhat that a copier would not have the capacity to make sense of the varieties in shading. 4. Intaglio printing- It is likewise exceptionally normal kind of security highlights utilized in present day banknotes. Intaglio signifies 'raised'. In this system the picture is cut into the surface. It is planned by putting around 60 layers of shading on a similar position on the banknote. Because of this layering the letter or picture picks up volume and along these lines you can feel it by contacting it with your fingers. 5. UV gleaming- It is the most recently included security highlight in present day banknotes. In this the specific picture or category in the banknotes shines when they are presented to UV beams, in light of fluorescent paint or colors utilized in their generation. 6. Miniaturized scale writings- small scale writings are amazingly messages which can't be seen by exposed eyes. These are covered up in any piece of a banknote like close JASC: Journal of Applied Science and Computations Volume 5, Issue 11, November/2018 ISSN NO: 1076-5131 Page No:894

Study on the Counterfeit of Currency Notes of Various

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    6

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: Study on the Counterfeit of Currency Notes of Various

Study on the Counterfeit of Currency Notes of Various Countries

Compared Using Advanced Security Features 1Mrs. B. Hari Chandana, 2Ms. LavanyaKandikunta, 3Prof. T. Bhaskar Reddy

1, 2, 3Department of Computer Science and Technology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University Anantapur-515003, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Abstract:

Counterfeiting is one of the troublesome effort for all of the Countries. Though we have the most unique security features for the bank notes, still we witness fake currencies circling among the people. Many countries have introduced anti-photocopying features that still keeps hope of not getting Counterfeit. During the manufacturing or at the time of print, these special, unique and advanced security features are added to the banknotes. Most common and globally used special features are the paper quality, intaglio printing, watermarks, security threads, latent image, etc. On a Global each country follows their own type of security features. In this paper, advanced security features of a few countries like Indian Rupee (₹), Australian Dollar ($), British Pound (£), Euro (€), American Dollar ($) and Renminbi (¥) are studied and compared. On a thorough study on various country currencies and the above mentioned, it is proudly acknowledged that the Indian currency i.e. Rupee (₹) is one that has unique and advanced security features like “Anti-Photocopying Omron Feature”. Therefore, we have a better security in terms of counterfeiting the banknotes in our country.

Keywords

Anti-Copying, Counterfeiting, Omron Security feature, bank note, Special security features, currency.

Introduction

The major issue of the new-age banknote is to keep the monetary certificates with forward security highlights to avoid duplicating of cash. A monetary order is a paper cash, involving a cardinal bank promissory note to pay somebody a specific aggregate of cash on interest. The cardinal bank changes from nation to nation; they are in charge of issuing money of a specific nation. Like-Reserve Bank of (India), Reserve Bank of (Australia), Bank of (England), European Central Bank (For every single European nation Spain, France, Italy, and so on.), Federal Reserve System (USA), The People's Bank of China, and so forth. The monetary standards issued by these banks are Indian Rupee (₹), Australian Dollar ($), British Pound (£), Euro (€), American Dollar ($) and Renminbi (¥) individually and these monetary standards are the most tradable monetary forms on the planet. Forging of cash implies an impersonation of monetary certificates with plan to counterfeit out. The criminal movement of duplicating cash is as old as creation of money itself. Most recent development in PC advancements and photography, alongside the availability to minimal effort instruments, has made the assembling of phony cash just and this prompts genuine threatening to national budgetary frameworks, keeping money associations and clients

all inclusive. Just to stop the forging of cash, each nation is refreshing its money routinely by adding specialized security highlights to its banknote, security highlights are of two kinds' one which can be seen by bare eyes and others require utilization of gear resembles Magnifying glass, Ultra Violet light, Infra-red watcher, and so on.

Each advanced banknote comprise of following security highlights like-

1. Paper quality-The sort of paper that we use in our day by day lives is entirely unexpected from the kind of paper utilized in assembling of a banknote, exceptional sort of paper are utilized with the end goal to give longer life to a monetary order and make it more confounded to fake. Presently multi day's unique sort of polymers are additionally been utilized in light of the fact that they have more normal life than paper notes and they are impervious to flame and water.

2. Security string- Security strings are the most well-known and safe highlights, which are amazingly difficult to be made without the assistance of any particular device/gear. These strings are imbued into the paper at beginning time of banknote creation. As a rule there are two sorts of security strings: inward security string and jumping security string. The inside security strings are totally inside the sheet of the paper and these strings might be strong and straightforward, including some small scale engravings. Plastics and metal can be utilized. The plunging security strings are by and large shaped of thwart, these kinds of strings contains composed content in them, which is observable when seen over some light source.

3. Inclination shading- It is likewise most solid security highlight, which is almost hard to reproduce even with best copying gadgets. Banknotes are printed with shading slopes that change so somewhat that a copier would not have the capacity to make sense of the varieties in shading.

4. Intaglio printing- It is likewise exceptionally normal kind of security highlights utilized in present day banknotes. Intaglio signifies 'raised'. In this system the picture is cut into the surface. It is planned by putting around 60 layers of shading on a similar position on the banknote. Because of this layering the letter or picture picks up volume and along these lines you can feel it by contacting it with your fingers.

5. UV gleaming- It is the most recently included security highlight in present day banknotes. In this the specific picture or category in the banknotes shines when they are presented to UV beams, in light of fluorescent paint or colors utilized in their generation.

6. Miniaturized scale writings- small scale writings are amazingly messages which can't be seen by exposed eyes. These are covered up in any piece of a banknote like close

JASC: Journal of Applied Science and Computations

Volume 5, Issue 11, November/2018

ISSN NO: 1076-5131

Page No:894

Page 2: Study on the Counterfeit of Currency Notes of Various

pictures, numbers, and so on with the end goal to counteract forging.

7. Multi-dimensional images- Holograms are the most current element of today. They are extremely hard to fake since multi-dimensional image are imitated from the principle visualization, which needs expensive, particular and in fact creative hardware. They are imbued by means of an exceptional strategy like hot-stepping foil.

8. Hostile to replicating Omron highlight- This component was fused in banknotes in late twentieth century. These are extraordinarily sorts of lines and adornments joined in banknote with help of extraordinary programming and equipment that makes it hard to be duplicated.

9. Watermarks- these are the most outstanding security highlight of paper banknote. A watermark is essentially any sort of picture or example. At the point when a watermark is presented to any light source it seems lighter and darker when contrasted with its encompassing zone. It joined amid assembling by utilizing water covered metal stamp.

10. IR shining- It is one of the recently presented security include in banknotes. At present just two nations are utilizing this element in their money i.e. the Euro and Russian Rouble. It is comparable like UV sparkling. In this extraordinary sort of colors or paints are utilized and these paints or colors seem darker when presented to IR source.

11. Shading transforming- It is likewise one of the recently presented security includes in current banknotes. This is a unique sort of impact, in which when the engraving is seen from various points its shading changes. What's more, when the engraving is seen under magnifying instrument it demonstrates a raised polygonal protest whose highest side is of one shading and different sides have diverse kind of shading.

12. Group marks- It is the most usually utilized security highlight. It is vast size numerical composed a few times in various areas of a banknote. Presently multi day's to avert falsifying, the group marks are rehashed in a few different ways like in foundations, smaller scale writings, and so on.

13. Numbers-numbers- composed on banknote have connection with the security highlights. Numbers present on the banknotes are one of a kind in light of the fact that each banknote has its interesting number and they never rehash.

14. Convoluted pictures- This component is most hard to duplicate as a result of quality of fine points of interest in a representation. As of now a large portion of the monetary forms on the planet have pictures.

15. Foundation enrichments- The foundation beautifications are confounded and furthermore difficult to duplicate since they are made by putting a few layers on each other.

16. Check for visually impaired- Every money in world comprises of various sort and distinctive states of stamp. These imprints help in distinguishing proof of specific kind of banknote for visually impaired individuals by utilizing their fingers. [1]

This paper will be discussing about security features of Indian Rupee (₹) and five other major currencies- Australian Dollar

($), British Pound (£), Euro (€), American Dollar ($) and Renminbi (¥).

Related Work

A. Security Features of Indian Rupee (500 and 2000 ). Indian Rupee (₹) is issued by Reserve Bank of India (RBI). From 2017, In India following denomination of note are in circulation- 5 note, 10 note, 20 note, 50 note, 100 note, 200 note, 500 note and 2000 note . [2]

Fig 1: Security features of Indian 500 Rupee note

Fig 2: Security features of Indian 2000 Rupee note

For both 500 note and 2000 Note 11 features are common

1. See-through register in denominational numeral.

2. Latent image of the denomination numeral.

3. Denomination numeral in Devnagari.

4. Mahatma Gandhi’s portrait in centre facing to right.

5. Windowed security thread that changes colours from green to blue when the note is tilted.

6. Micro letters ‘RBI’ and ‘2000’ on the left side of the banknote.

7. Guarantee clause, Governor's signature with promise clause and RBI emblem tilted towards the right

8. Portrait and electrotype watermarks.

9. Number panel with numerals growing from small to big on the top left side and bottom right side.

10. Denomination in numerals with rupee symbol in colour changing ink (green to blue) on the bottom right.

11. Ashoka pillar emblem on the right.

For visually impaired Intaglio or Raised printing of Mahatma Gandhi’s portrait, Ashokan pillar emblem and an identification mark.

JASC: Journal of Applied Science and Computations

Volume 5, Issue 11, November/2018

ISSN NO: 1076-5131

Page No:895

Page 3: Study on the Counterfeit of Currency Notes of Various

12. Circle with Rs 500 in raised print on the right and Horizontal rectangle with 2000 in raised print on the right.

13. Five bleed lines on left and right in raised print for 500 note and Seven angular bleed lines on left and right side in raised print for 2000 note.

B. Security Features Of American Dollar (50$ and 100$)- American dollar is also known as United States Dollar, US dollar and U.S. Dollar. American dollar is the main leading currency all over the world. An American dollar ($) is issued by Federal Reserve Bank. Currently in United States of America following are the banknotes, which are in circulation - $5 note, $10 note, $20 note, $50 and $100 note. [3, 4, 5]

$100 US dollar Issued 2013 - Present

Fig 3: Security features present in American 100$ US note

Key Security Features:-

(ST) Security Thread:

(3d) 3-D Security Ribbon:

(bi) Bell in the Inkwell:

(w) Watermark:

(cs) Color-Shifting Ink:

100 US dollar banknote. Back:

The redesigned $50 note was rst issued in 2004. It has three key security features that are easy to check: a security thread, portrait watermark, and color-shifting numeral 50.

$50 US dollar note size: 156 x 66.3 mm Front Portrait Ulysses S. Grant. Back view of United States Capitol.

$50 US dollar Issued 2004 - Present

Fig 4: Security features present in American 100$ US Banknote

Key Security Features.

(ST) Security Thread

JASC: Journal of Applied Science and Computations

Volume 5, Issue 11, November/2018

ISSN NO: 1076-5131

Page No:896

Page 4: Study on the Counterfeit of Currency Notes of Various

Hold the note to light to see an embedded thread running vertically to the right of the portrait. The thread is imprinted with the text USA 50 and a small ag in an alternating pattern and is visible from both sides of the note. The thread glows yellow when illuminated by ultraviolet light.

w) Watermark

Hold the note to light and look for a faint image of President Grant in the blank space to the right of the portrait. The image is visible from both sides of the note.

cs) Color-Shifting Ink

Tilt the note to see the numeral 50 in the lower right corner on the front of the note shift from copper to green.

50 US dollar banknote. Back.

C. Security Features Of Australian Dollar (50$)-Australian dollar ($) is issued by Reserve Bank of Australia. It was established in January 14, 1960. Currently there are five distinct denomination banknotes are in circulation $5 note, $10 note, $20 note, $50 note and $100 note. Australia is among one of the few countries where the counterfeiting of money is very low, because of their security features present in banknotes. Special feature of Australian banknotes are that they are made up of polymer. [6, 7, 8]

Fig 5: Security features present in Australian 50$ Banknote

Fig 6: Security features present in Australian 50$ Banknote

Australian Banknote Security Features:

1. Plastic Banknote

Australian banknotes are printed on plastic, which means they have a distinct feel and it is difficult to start a tear along the edge. A plastic banknote ‘scrunched’ in the hand should return to its original form.

2. The Clear Window

The clear window should be part of the banknote and the white image printed on the window should not be easily rubbed off. The window should also contain a clear embossed image – a wave pattern on $10 banknotes, and the value of the banknote on $20, $50 and $100 banknotes.

3. The Coat of Arms

When the banknote is held up to the light, the Australian Coat of Arms should be visible.

4. The Federation Star

Diamond-shaped patterns are printed inside a circle on both sides of the banknote. When the banknote is held up to the light, the patterns should line up perfectly to form the seven-pointed Federation star.

5. The Distinct Feel of the Printing

A special raised ink gives the banknote a distinctive feel.

6. Print Quality/Microprinting

The background printing should be sharp. In particular, micro-printed text should be clearly visible under a magnifying glass.

JASC: Journal of Applied Science and Computations

Volume 5, Issue 11, November/2018

ISSN NO: 1076-5131

Page No:897

Page 5: Study on the Counterfeit of Currency Notes of Various

7. Fluorescent Properties

With the exception of the serial numbers and designated UV patches, the banknote should not fluoresce under a UV light.

D. Security Features of British Pound (20£and 50£)-British pound is issued by Bank of England that is the central bank of United Kingdom. Bank of England was founded in 1694. It is also known as “Old Lady” of Thread needle Street. The motive of the bank is to “promote public good and benefit of our health” by keeping up monetary and financial stability. Currently in UK there are four distinct denomination banknotes are in circulation, which are £5note, 10£note, £20note and £50note (old and new). [9, 10]

The £50 note, with the portraits of Matthew Boulton and James Watt on the back, is the highest denomination in value and largest in size (approx. 156mm x 85mm). Motion Thread - the motion thread on the £50 note is woven into the paper. It has five windows along its length which contain images of the £ symbol and the number 50. When the note is tilted from side to side, the images move up and down. When the note is tilted up and down, the images move from side to side and the number 50 and £ symbol switch.

£50 GB pound Issued 2011 - Present

Fig 6: Security features present in 50 GB pound banknote. Front.

Fig 7: Security features present in 50 GB pound banknote. Back

1) Check the watermark. Hold the note up to the light and you will see an image of the Queen’s portrait together with a ‘£50’ which is brighter than the surrounding paper.

2) Check the motion thread. The motion thread on the note is woven into the paper. It appears five times on the front of the note showing images of the £ symbol and the number 50. When the note is tilted from side to side, the images move up and down. When the note is tilted up and down, the images move from side to side and the number 50 and £ symbol switch.

3) Check the paper and the raised print. The note is printed on special paper that gives it its unique feel. By running your finger across the front of the note you can feel raised print in areas such as the words ‘Bank of England’ and in the bottom right corner, around the number 50.

4) Check the ultra-violet features. If you look at the front of the note under a good quality ultra-violet light the number 50 appears in bright red and green. The motion thread also appears bright green and randomly spread bright red and green flecks are visible on both the front and back of the note. The remainder of the note appears dull in contrast.

5) Check the metallic thread. There is a metallic thread embedded in every paper banknote. If you hold the note up to the light the metallic thread will appear as a continuous dark line.

JASC: Journal of Applied Science and Computations

Volume 5, Issue 11, November/2018

ISSN NO: 1076-5131

Page No:898

Page 6: Study on the Counterfeit of Currency Notes of Various

6) Check the print quality. The printed lines and colours on the note are sharp, clear and free from smudges or blurred edges.

7) Check the microlettering. Using a magnifying glass, look closely at the lettering beneath the Queen’s portrait on the note – you will see the value of the note written in small letters and numbers.

8) Check the see-through register. Hold the note up to the light and you will see coloured irregular shapes printed on the front and back that combine to form the £ symbol.

£20 GB pound Issued 2007 - Present

Fig 8: Security features present in 20 GB pound banknote Front.

Fig 9: Security features present in 20 GB pound banknote Back.

The £20 note, with a profile of Adam Smith on the back, is

the second highest denomination note in value and the second largest in size (approx. 149mm x 80mm). The polymer £20 note will be issued in 2020. It will feature JMW Turner and will be 139mm x 73mm.

1) Check the watermark. Hold the note up to the light and you will see an image of the Queen’s portrait together with a ‘£20’ which is brighter than the surrounding paper.

2) Check the holographic strip.. The strip on the note has a number of foil patches along its length which contain alternating holographic images. The positioning of the patches varies along the strip. When the note is tilted, one hologram shows a multi-coloured image of Adam Smith, the other flips between a multi-coloured £ symbol and the number 20. The number 20 is also embossed on the strip and is positioned in the same place on every note – just to the right of the signature of the Chief Cashier.

JASC: Journal of Applied Science and Computations

Volume 5, Issue 11, November/2018

ISSN NO: 1076-5131

Page No:899

Page 7: Study on the Counterfeit of Currency Notes of Various

3) Check the paper and the raised print. The note is printed on special paper that gives it its unique feel. By running your finger across the front of the note you can feel raised print in areas such as the words ‘Bank of England’ and in the bottom right corner, around the number 20.

4) Check the ultra-violet features. If you look at the front of the note under a good quality ultra-violet light the number 20 appears in bright red and green. Randomly spread bright red and green flecks are also visible on both the front and back of the note. The remainder of the note appears dull in contrast.

5) Check the metallic thread. There is a metallic thread embedded in every paper banknote. This appears as silver dashes on the back of the note. If you hold the note up to the light the metallic thread will appear as a continuous dark line.

6) Check the print quality. The printed lines and colours on the note are sharp, clear and free from smudges or blurred edges.

7) Check the microlettering. Using a magnifying glass, look closely at the lettering beneath the Queen’s portrait on the note – you will see the value of the note written in small letters and numbers.

8) Check the see-through register. Hold the note up to the light and you will see coloured irregular shapes printed on the front and back that combine to form the £ symbol.

E. Security Features Of Euro (200€and 500€) - Euro is issued by The European Central Bank (ECB); it was established in June 1, 1998. Eighteen European Union countries are the member of this bank. The main motive of ECB is to maintain “the euro’s purchasing power and price stability in euro region.” Currently there are five distinct denomination banknotes are in circulation, which are €5, €10, €20, 50€, €100, €200 and €500 notes. [11, 12, 13]

Fig 10: Security features present in 200 Euro banknote Front.

JASC: Journal of Applied Science and Computations

Volume 5, Issue 11, November/2018

ISSN NO: 1076-5131

Page No:900

Page 8: Study on the Counterfeit of Currency Notes of Various

Fig 11: Security features present in 500 Euro banknote Front.

F. Security Features Of Renminbi (50¥ and 100¥) - Renminbi (¥) is Chinese currency which is issued by the central bank of china that is The People’s Bank of China (PBC). PBC was established in 1st December 1948. Renminbi is also called as Yuan; Yuan is primary unit of Renminbi. The Chinese currency is printed in China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation (CBPMC), which is located in various parts of People’s Republic of China, for example- Shanghai, Beijing, Chengdu, Nanchang, etc. Following denomination of note are currently in circulation in People’s Republic of China- 1¥ note, ¥5 note, ¥10 note, ¥20 note, ¥50 note and ¥100 note. [14]

1.Serial number

The two-colored serial number has four red and six black characters. The size of the characters becomes gradually smaller from the middle to the left and right sides. 2.Portrait watermark

JASC: Journal of Applied Science and Computations

Volume 5, Issue 11, November/2018

ISSN NO: 1076-5131

Page No:901

Page 9: Study on the Counterfeit of Currency Notes of Various

Hold the note to light and look for the watermark, similar to the large portrait. The watermark is part of the paper itself and can be seen from both sides of the bill.

3.Microtext

The letters, 'RMB", and the numeral, "100" can be viewed with the help of a magnifying glass in the digits of the upper left denomination of the note.

4.See-through register

When held up to the light, front and back elements combines perfectly.

5.Latent image

When the banknote is viewed from a certain angle, the number "100" appears at the top right of the note.

6. Raised print touch lines

Lines printed in the right of the 100 Renminbi/ yuan note, made by intaglio printing feel raised.

7. Optically Variable Ink (OVI)

Tilt the note to see the numeral 100 in the lower left corner of the note shift from green to blue.

8. White denomination watermark

Located next to Optically Variable Ink denomination number, white denomination watermark appears when you hold the banknote against the light.

9. Intaglio printing

Special printing makes the ink feel raised in some areas of the note.

10. Portrait of Chairman Mao

Some parts of portrait of chairman Mao are made by intaglio printing and feels raised when running your finger over it or scratch it gently with your fingernail.

11. Security Feature for Visually Impaired

Symbols for visually handicapped are applied by intaglio printing on the obverse side lower right corner of the 100 China yuan renminbi note.

12. Security thread

On the obverse of the note you can see holographic magnetic windowed security thread. The value can be seen in tiny letters on the stripe.

13. Name of currency "Yuan" in Pinyin phonetic system 14. Year of issue: Year of issue appears on the reverse of the banknote.

JASC: Journal of Applied Science and Computations

Volume 5, Issue 11, November/2018

ISSN NO: 1076-5131

Page No:902

Page 10: Study on the Counterfeit of Currency Notes of Various

Results and Analysis

The different security highlights present in all the six monetary forms are considered and contrasted and one another. It was discovered that for the assembling of the banknote unadulterated cotton is utilized, aside from on account of the American dollar ($), Australian dollar($) and Renminbi(¥) they are made up to 75% - paper 25% - material, polymer and paper individually. The most well-known security highlights experienced in every one of the banknotes were watermark, small scale content/smaller scale lettering, category check and muddled representation. Security string was available in every one of the banknotes with the exception of in Australian dollar ($). American dollar ($) and Renminbi (¥) needs UV highlights. The multi-dimensional image/holographic strip was just present in British Pound (£) and Euro (€). Distinguishing proof stamp was just present in Indian Rupee (₹), American

dollar ($) and Renminbi (¥). Shading changing ink/optically factor ink highlight was available in every one of the banknotes aside from Australian dollar ($) and British pound (£). The inert picture highlight was just present in Indian Rupee (₹) and Renminbi (¥). Just American dollar needs observe through enlist highlight and intaglio printing highlight.

Aside from the normal highlights experienced in the banknotes, there were some unique security highlights present in all the six monetary forms, which are not normal. For example, Indian Rupee includes Anti-photocopying "Omron" highlight. American Dollar ($) contains 'three dimensional lace' and 'chime in the ink' highlight. Australian Dollar ($) comprises a 'reasonable window' include. English pound (£) has 'thwart fix' and 'movement string' highlight. Euro (€) banknotes comprise of 'puncturing' include. Renminbi (¥) comprises of 'white section watermark'.

Table 1: Shows the features which are commonly present in the following currencies

For fake counteractive action, a few nations make a huge effort to think of security includes on cash, creating new advancements, materials, and systems for making strong bills that are taken care of consistently hard to duplicate. Here's some stunning global cash security highlights, and in addition tips on the most proficient method to check for fake cash while voyaging. Paper bills have existed since the Song Dynasty in China in around 1,000 C.E. as a valuable, lighter technique for exchange, yet banknotes weren't regular

JASC: Journal of Applied Science and Computations

Volume 5, Issue 11, November/2018

ISSN NO: 1076-5131

Page No:903

Page 11: Study on the Counterfeit of Currency Notes of Various

practice until some other time, about the 1600s in Europe and America. Around then, banknotes were promissory notes illustrative of gold or silver held at a bank. Gradually charges printed under the specialist of national governments have supplanted this framework. The 1700s, however, was viewed as a brilliant age for forgers. One of the principal banknote security includes in America was really presented by Benjamin Franklin, who marked his 20-pushing note and included pictures of a willow leaf.

Today, the bill that sports Benjamin Franklin's picture, the 100-dollar greenback, utilizes a portion of the nation's most entangled advances. The 100 dollar greenback security highlights incorporate a 3D strip, shading moving ink, smaller scale printed pictures, and pictures that just show up when held to a light. Searching for those mystery highlights is basically how to check for fake cash. The 100 dollar note is a standout amongst the most well known monetary standards on the planet. It's the most falsified, yet additionally a standout amongst the most hard to fake bills in presence today.

Table 2: Shows the features that are unique in currencies

JASC: Journal of Applied Science and Computations

Volume 5, Issue 11, November/2018

ISSN NO: 1076-5131

Page No:904

Page 12: Study on the Counterfeit of Currency Notes of Various

Conclusion

The end that can be drawn from the present investigation is that Indian cash, i.e. Rupee (₹) has the greatest number of security highlights present and the most recent expansion is the counter photocopying highlight i.e. "Omron" include. This element is available on the posterior of the note on the privilege and the front side of the banknote over the division of the note. Because of these security highlights, they make Indian Rupee less inclined to duplicating instead of some other nation's cash notes.

Further upgrades can be acquainted in Indian Currency with make it less inclined to falsifying. Different programming applications are accessible worldwide for example fake identifier and EyeNote to check whether a monetary certificate is veritable or not, comparative applications are produced in India to adapt to the significant issue of duplicating of Indian Rupee.

Mindfulness with respect to security highlights ought to be made among Indian residents to make them sufficiently proficient to check whether the certified receipt is honest to goodness or not. Paper quality can be enhanced by including jute, polymer or different strands, as it is more steady and

JASC: Journal of Applied Science and Computations

Volume 5, Issue 11, November/2018

ISSN NO: 1076-5131

Page No:905

Page 13: Study on the Counterfeit of Currency Notes of Various

economically accessible, which subsequently can cut the expense of making a solitary banknote. Particular concoction can be joined into the ink that is utilized in the assembling of the banknote, it enhances the quality and it will upgrade the independence of the honest to goodness banknote.

References

Web Sources:

(1) https://rbi.org.in/Scripts/BS_PressReleaseDisplay.aspx?prid=38524.

(2) https://www.titlemax.com/discovery-center/money-finance/banknote-security-around-the-world/

(3) https://www.paisabazaar.com/financial-planning/plastic-currency-notes-why-they-are-better-than-paper-notes/

(4) http://www.visualcapitalist.com/10-banknotes-around-world-security-features/

(5) http://currencyguide.eu/cny-en/100cny-en.html (6) https://www.fleur-de-coin.com/eurocoins/banknote-

security. (7) https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/banknotes/20-

pound-note. (8) https://www.currexy.com/british-pound-security-

features. (9) https://www.sbs.com.au/yourlanguage/punjabi/en/art

icle/2018/05/09/beware-fake-50-notes (10) https://www.smh.com.au/national/unforgeable-

australian-bank-notes-under-attack-from-counterfeiters-20180202-h0sgm8.html.

(11) https://banknotes.rba.gov.au/banknote-features/#-new-hundred.

(12) https://banknotes.rba.gov.au/australias-banknotes/next-generation-banknotes-program/

(13) https://banknotes.rba.gov.au/counterfeit-detection/security-features-overview/

(14) http://currencyguide.eu/aud-en/100aud-en.html (15) https://www.currexy.com/us-dollar-security-

features#100-usd.

References:

[1] Security features, http://stevenbron.nl/security-features

[2] Indian currency security features, http://www.rbi.org.in/currency/security%20features.html

[3] American Dollar security features, www.secretservice.gov

[4] Bureau of Engraving and Printing-U.S. Department of the Treasury, www.moneyfactory.gov

[5] Genuine US currency production, security features and counterfeiting, Ken huffler, SAIC-Phoenix field office, United States secret service.

[6] Recent trends in counterfeiting, Arianna Cowling, note issue department, Reserve Bank of Australia.

[7] Counterfeit detection guide- Reserve bank of Australia.

[8] Banknote features, http://banknotes.rba.gov.au/securityfeatures.html

[9] Take a closer look- Bank of England Current banknotes,

http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/banknotes/pages/current/default.aspx

[10] Quick guides of the security features of Euro banknote-European central Bank.

[11] Security features, http://www.ecb.europa.eu/euro/banknotes/security/html/index.en.html

[12] Euro banknotes- security features, http://www.new-eurobanknoteseu/Euro-Banknotes/Securityfeatures/ FEEL/THE-FIRST-SERIES-%E2%82%AC5

[13] Security features, http://www.cbc.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=31557&CtNode=504&mp=2.

[14] Texture Classification for Fake Indian Currency Detection by Mrs. B. Hari Chandana, Ms. Lavanya Kandikunta, Prof. T. Bhaskar Reddy, Department of Computer Science and Technology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University Anantapur-515003, Andhra Pradesh, India. https://www.ripublication.com/ijaer18/ijaerv13n15_94.pdf

Authors

E-Mail: [email protected]

E-Mail: [email protected]

Mrs.B.Harichandana is research scholar in the department of Computer Science Technology at S.K.University, Anantapur. She acquired M.Sc.in Computer Science from S.K. University, Anantapur. She has 10 years of experience in teaching. Her research interest isin the fieldofImage Processing.

Dr.T.BhaskaraReddy is a Professor in the department of Computer Science and Technology at S.K University, Anantapur A.P. He holds the post of Deputy Director of Distance education at S.K.University and He also the CSE Coordinator of Engineering at S.K.University. He has completed his

M.Sc and Ph.D in computer science from S.K.University. He has acquired M.Tech from Nagarjuna University. He has been continuously imparting his knowledge to several students from the last 17 years. He has published 55 National and International publications. 10 International conferences. 13 National conferences. One UGC Major Research Project. Attended several seminars in 3 countries. He has completed major research project (UGC). E-Mail:[email protected]

Ms.K.Lavanya is research scholar in the department of Computer Science Technology at S.K.University, Anantapur. She acquired M.Sc in Computer Science from S.V. University, Tirupathi. She has 2 years of experience in teaching .Her research interest is in the field of Image Processing.

JASC: Journal of Applied Science and Computations

Volume 5, Issue 11, November/2018

ISSN NO: 1076-5131

Page No:906