Study on Reduction of the Harmful Components in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke Using Electric-

Heating Vaporized Technology

Xia Zhang R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd., China

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Outline

Background & Objectives Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusions

Future research fields

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Background

Cigarette smoke contains a variety of harmful components, such as ammonia, phenols, aldehyde, ketones, TSNAs, PAHs, etc.

Reducing the harm of smoking for smokers and the public is always the common concern for the consumers, tobacco industries and health departments.

Two types of traditional cigarette harm reduction technologies have been widely used. 1) Changing cigarette combustion status 2) Using special filter to reduce the harmful components

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Background

The existing defects of harm reduction technologies

1) The usage of high porosity cigarette paper or addition of reconstituted tobacco, expanded tobacco or cut stem into tobacco blends.

Defects: speed up the burning of cigarette, also decrease the puff numbers. 2) Filter intercept technology , filter ventilation and dilution technology. Defects: affect the cigarette taste and give rise to complex

production process.

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Objectives

To find a new method of harm reduction which does not change the inherent characteristics of cigarette.

To design a novel device which is using electric-heating vaporized technology

To study the harm reduction effects, ammonia and phenol are selected

as typical harmful components.

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Materials & Methods

The smoking device

Samples and instruments

Experiment method

Structure

Operation

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Structure of the device

1-cigarette holder; 2-air inlet hole；3-airflow sensor；4-silicone cover；5-battery；6- status light loophole ；7-shell；8-atomizer；9-light outlet window；10- cathode terminal；11-insulation cover；12-positive electrode；13-cigarette

Fig.1 The exploded view of the cigarette smoking device

1-thread riveting head；2- positive electrode；3- insulation cover；4-negative wire；5-positive wire；6-glass fiber wick；7-heating coil；8-reservoir cotton；9-fiber sleeving；10- top end cover；11-shell；12-air-flow channel；13-air inlet hole

Fig.2 The structure of the atomizer

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Operation of the device

(1) Rotate the atomizer clockwise and connect it with the main body

(2) Insert the cigarette into the holder, light the cigarette and inhale the end of the atomizer

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Samples and instruments

No. Tar label value /mg Weight/mg Pressure drop/Pa

1 6 885±20 937±50 2 8 923±20 965±50 3 8 912±20 1011±50 4 8 895±20 1017±50 5 10 900±20 1013±50 6 10 910±20 1052±50 7 10 908±20 972±50 8 10 934±20 1093±50 9 11 902±20 1089±50 10 11 894±20 1015±50

3R4F 1033±20 1199±50

Table.1 The information of cigarette samples

KBF240 constant temperature and humidity box (Binder, Germany), the automatic test station (Sodim, France), SM450 linear smoking machine (Cerulean, Britain).

ICS 3000 ion chromatography equipped with conductivity detector (Thermo Fisher, USA), Waters 2695 high performance liquid chromatography equipped with fluorescence detector (Waters, USA).

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Experiment method （1） 0.65g glycerol and propylene glycol (mass ratio is 1:2) was added into the atomizer in consideration of the appropriate smoke volume and the comfortable sensory quality. （2）The cigarettes were smoked holding by the device under ISO smoking regime, the deliveries of ammonia and phenol in mainstream smoke [1] was detected and compared with those from the cigarettes without the device.

[1]YC/T 377-2010[15] and CRM (COREATA recommended method) N° 78

Fig.3 The picture of smoking cigarettes with (near-end) and without (far-end) the use of the cigarette smoking device by linear smoking machine

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Comparison of the puffs

Comparison of the deliveries of ammonia

Comparison of the deliveries of phenol

Data analysis & Discussion

Results & Discussion 2015

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Comparison of the puffs

No. tar/mg puffs before

using the device /puff

puffs after using the device

/puff

Difference /puff

1 6 8.2 9.2 1.0 2 8 7.6 8.6 1.0 3 8 7.0 8.2 1.2 4 8 7.8 9.2 1.4 5 10 8.4 9.8 1.4 6 10 8.4 9.6 1.2 7 10 8.5 9.5 1.0 8 10 7.6 8.9 1.3 9 11 8.2 9.3 1.1 10 11 8.3 8.4 0.1 3R 9.5 9.5 0.1

Table 2 Results of the puffs before and after using the device

Results: 1) the puffs of most of samples increased slightly and not obvious 2) the cigarette pressure drop was not affected significantly after adding

the device .

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Comparison of the deliveries of ammonia

No. tar /mg

the deliveries of ammonia before using the device

µg/cig

the deliveries of ammonia after using the device

µg/cig

difference µg/cig

Percentage reduction

% 1 6 4.0 1.4 2.6 65.0 2 8 5.6 1.8 3.8 67.8 3 8 5.3 1.8 3.5 66.0 4 8 5.2 1.9 3.4 65.4 5 10 7.9 3.3 4.6 58.2 6 10 7.5 3.1 4.4 58.6 7 10 5.0 2.1 2.9 58.0 8 10 5.0 1.7 3.3 66.0 9 11 7.1 2.8 4.3 60.6 10 11 6.4 2.7 3.7 57.8

3R4F 7.9 3.6 4.3 54.4

Results: (1) The deliveries of ammonia in mainstream cigarette smoke were reduced by 54.4%~67.8%.

Fig.4 The chromatogram of ammonia in MSS before (a) and after using the smoking device (b)

Table 3 Results of the deliveries of ammonia in MSS before and after using the device 2015

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Comparison of the deliveries of phenol

No. tar /mg

the deliveries of phenol before using the device

/µg/cig

the deliveries of phenol after using the device

/µg/cig 1 6 6.5 (0.2) 2 8 9.1 (0.3) 3 8 8.5 (0.1) 4 8 10.0 (0.2) 5 10 13.5 (0.3) 6 10 12.4 (1.8) 7 10 9.4 (1.1) 8 10 8.1 (0.2) 9 11 10.4 (0.3) 10 11 11.2 (0.2)

3R4F 6.6 (0.3)

phenol

Fig.5 The chromatogram of phenol in mainstream cigarette smoke before (a) and after using the smoking device(b)

Results (1) Phenol was almost removed from MSS completely after using the smoking device.

Note: the data in parentheses were obtained by the standard curve calculation, which was lower than the limit of quantitation

Table 4 Results of the deliveries of phenol in MSS before and after using the device 2015

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Data analysis & Discussion

harm reduction (ammonia, phenol in

MSS)

1) inhaled

air

2) atomized aerosol 3)

atomized liquid

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Data analysis & Discussion

(1) Inhaled air and atomized aerosol: dilution (for ammonia and phenol)

(2) Atomized liquid: physical absorption by strong viscosity (for both) hydrogen-bond interaction (for both) neutralization reaction (for ammonia) solubility of the solvents (for phenol)

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Conclusions A novel cigarette smoking device was designed by adopting electric-

heating vaporized technology in this research, and it had advantages of simple structure, convenient operation and easy portability.

By using the device, the deliveries of ammonia in mainstream cigarettes smoke were reduced by 54.4%-67.8%, phenol was almost removed from mainstream cigarettes smoke completely

The smoking device realized the harm reduction effect on different cigarettes, and it had proved that the new technology was different from those of the traditional cigarette harm reduction.

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Future research fields Flavor enhancing and moisture retaining performances through adding various functional solutions in the device will be studied. The types and proportions of different components in the atomized liquid, as well as the design scheme of the smoking device would be optimized to study the usages and mechanisms of other new functions.

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Thank you for your attention!

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