Study on Motorcycle Helmet Quality in Viet Nam

World Health Organization Hanoi School of Public He alth

Report:

Study on Motorcycle Helmet Quality in Viet Nam

Content 1. Introduction..................................................................................................................... 3 2. Objectives ....................................................................................................................... 3 3. Method ............................................................................................................................ 4

3.1. Location................................................................................................................... 4 3.2. Time ........................................................................................................................ 4 3.3. Study design and implementation ........................................................................... 4

4. Results............................................................................................................................. 6 4.1. Exchange survey ..................................................................................................... 6

4.1.1. Demographic characteristics of the sample ......................................................6 4.1.2. Helmet characteristics....................................................................................... 8 4.1.3. Helmet quality................................................................................................. 17

4.2. Market survey........................................................................................................ 23 5. Discussion ................................................................................................................ 27 5.1. Exchange survey ................................................................................................... 27 5.2. Market survey........................................................................................................ 29

6. Conclusion and recommendation.................................................................................. 30 6.1. Conclusion............................................................................................................. 30 6.2. Recommendation................................................................................................... 31

7. References..................................................................................................................... 32 8. Appendices.................................................................................................................... 33

Appendix 1. STAMEQ list of qualified helmet (as of May 10th 2011)........................ 33 Appendix 2. Testing results – Exchange survey .......................................................... 44 Appendix 3. Testing results – Market survey .............................................................. 57

1. Introduction

Since 2007, helmet wearing among motorcycle riders and passengers has been made

mandatory.[1] In April 2010, Prime Minister signed an amendment to Resolution 32,

Decree 34/2010/ND-CP. All drivers and passengers on motorcycles from the age of six

must wear a helmet properly under penalty of a fine from 20 May 2010. Adults carrying

children without a helmet or without it properly buckled will be fined 100,000 – 200,000

VND.[2] Following the regulation, helmet use among motorcycle riders and passengers

improved significantly, from around 40% before the regulation to approximately 90% in

2010.[3-7] Helmet has been found to be as one of the most important measures to prevent

head injury in motorcycle crashes. Evidence from many studies indicates that the death

rate and incidence of lethal head injury have decreased among helmet riders compared

with those non-helmeted motorcyclists. Besides, f rom four higher quality studies

helmets were estimated to reduce the risk of death by 42% (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.50 to

0.68) and from six higher quality studies helmets were estimated to reduce the risk of

head injury by 69% (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.38).[8]

In spite of the improvement in the helmet use, quality of the helmet appears to be another

issue in controlling road traffic injuries in Vietnam. In April 2008, the Viet Nam

Consumer Safety Association found that approximately 80% of the helmets on the market

did not meet national standards. In November 2008, Viet Nam revised its national helmet

standards to address this widespread market infiltration of substandard helmets. In

particular, revisions were intended to strengthen the quality assurance and inspection of

helmets to insure they met national standards.

2. Objectives

• To estimate the situation of helmets being used by motorcycle riders including

the types, styles and quality,

• To assess the quality of “qualified” labeled helmet in circulation,

• To identify issues and recommendations for the assurance and control of

helmet quality in circulation.

3. Method

3.1. Location

The study was implemented in Hanoi and in three RS10 project provinces including Bac

Giang, Ha Nam and Ninh Binh.

3.2. Time

The study was conducted from July to December 2011.

3.3. Study design and implementation

a) Exchange survey (helmet exchange component)

This component employed a cross sectional design based on the sample of the road side

study in the research project collaborated with Johns Hopkins University and World

Health Organization Vietnam. The study was conducted in 3 RS10 project provinces

including Bac Giang, Ha Nam and Ninh Binh provinces. The sample size in this

component was based on the one for road side survey on road safety knowledge and

drink-drive. In that survey, the sample size in each city/province is estimated by the

following formulae:

%1102

22/1 ×××= −

d

qpZn α

Using SSize 2.0 software, a WHO software to calculate sample size for health studies,

with an alpha of 0.05 (z21- α/2 = 1.96), the anticipated proportion of alcohol uses in the

male population of Vietnam of 45% (p = 0.45), an absolute precision of 7%. Rounding up

the estimate, the final sample size was about 200 motorcyclists in each province.

Motorcyclists were asked to exchange their helmet with a new and qualified one. All

exchanged helmets (used helmets) were then tested for quality in a certified laboratory,

The Vietnam Safety Products and Equipment Company Laboratory. Helmets were made

blind and uniquely coded before taking into the lab for testing by dark paint on the label

and brand. In addition to collecting used helmet from participants, they were also

administered a pre-design questionnaires including questions on the helmet such as type,

brand, time of use, location bought the helmet, questions on demographic information

and knowledge on road safety.

b) Quality of “qualified” labeled helmet (market survey component)

The cross sectional design was used in this component. According to the Directorate for

standards, metrology and quality (STAMEQ), as of May 2011, there have been 444

helmets from approximately 80 manufacturers qualified for the national standard QCVN

2:2008/BKHCN. This list of 444 helmets was used as sampling frame for this component

of the study. The sample size determination was based on the formula to estimate a

proportion for simple random sampling. In this case, a proportion to be estimated is the

proportion of unqualified helmet among “qualified” labeled helmets.

)1()1()(

)1(2

2/12

22/1

PPzNP

NPPzn

−+−×−

=−

−

α

α

ε

Using SSize 2.0 software, a WHO software to calculate sample size for health studies,

with an alpha of 0.05 (z21- α/2 = 1.96), the anticipated proportion of unqualified helmet (P

= 0.8, the proportion estimated by Viet Nam Consumer Safety Association in 2008), the

relative precision (ε = 10%) and the population size (N = 444), the minimum sample

required was 80.

Helmets selected into this component were selected by systematic random strategy from

the STAMEQ list (Appendix 1). Exact series name and manufacturer of selected helmet

were used to buy from helmet vendors in Hanoi. Since the STAMEQ list included all

helmets that had met the quality, there were also ones which were no longer in

circulation. Helmets which were not available were replaced by the next one on the

STAMEQ list. These new helmets were then tested on impact protection at The Vietnam

Safety Products and Equipment Company Laboratory. Similar to exchanged helmets,

these new ones were also coded and blinded before taking into the lab for testing by dark

paint on the label and brand,

4. Results

4.1. Exchange survey

4.1.1. Demographic characteristics of the sample Table 4.1. Demographic characteristics of participa nts in Bac Giang, Ha Nam and Ninh Binh province

Bac Giang Ha Nam Ninh Binh Total n % n % n % n % Total 193 100.0 192 100.0 197 100.0 582 100.0 Age group

<18 2 1.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.3

18-29 74 38.3 69 35.9 80 40.6 223 38.3

30-39 61 31.6 75 39.1 45 22.8 181 31.1

40-49 39 20.2 32 16.7 34 17.3 105 18.0

50-59 13 6.7 14 7.3 29 14.7 56 9.6

60+ 4 2.1 2 1.0 9 4.6 15 2.6

Gender

Male 107 55.4 119 62.0 134 68.0 360 61.9

Female 86 44.6 73 38.0 63 32.0 222 38.1

Education group

≤ Primary 0 0 8 4.2 7 3.6 15 2.6

Secondary 33 17.1 43 22.4 32 16.2 108 18.6

High 66 34.2 42 21.9 55 27.9 163 28.0

Vocational 36 18.7 63 32.8 32 16.2 131 22.5

≥ College 58 30.1 36 18.8 71 36.0 165 28.4

Occupation

Officer 105 54.4 75 39.1 104 52.8 284 48.8

Self-employed 54 28.0 76 39.6 63 32.0 193 33.2

Student 19 9.8 16 8.3 5 2.5 40 6.9

Housewives 1 0.5 8 4.2 2 1.0 11 1.9

Retired 7 3.6 6 3.1 18 9.1 31 5.3

Unemployed 2 1.0 11 5.7 3 1.5 16 2.7

Other 5 2.6 0 0 2 1.0 7 1.2

Overall, there were a total of 582 motorcyclists participated and exchanged their helmet

in this study. Specifically, the number of recruitment was 193 in Bac Giang, 192 in Ha

Nam and 197 in Ninh Binh. In all three provinces, majority of participants was in the age

group of 18-29 years old and 30-39 years old (69.9% in Bac Giang, 75% in Ha Nam and

63.4% in Ninh Binh). On the other hand, age groups with lowest proportions were

younger than 18 years old and more than 60 years old. In terms of gender distribution,

male motorcyclists accounted for larger proportions in all three provinces. This was

55.4% in Bac Giang, 62.0% in Ha Nam and 68% in Ninh Binh. These were all higher

than the gender structure in the population. According to the national census in 2009,

males represented 49.6% of the population in Bac Giang, 48.8% in Ha Nam and 49.7% in

Ninh Binh.

Regarding educational level, most participants had completed high school. Those

completed college or higher was also relatively high in Bac Giang and Ninh Binh. For

example, the proportions of participants completed college and higher was 36.0% in Ninh

Binh and 30.1% in Bac Giang. However, this was only 18.8% in Ha Nam. In terms of

occupation, most participants were office workers and self-employed (over 52.0% in Bac

Giang and Ninh Binh and nearly 40.0% in Ha Nam). Others included students, self-

employed, housewives, retired and unemployed.

Table 4.2. Motorcycle use characteristics among par ticipants in Bac Giang, Ha Nam and Ninh Binh province

Bac Giang Ha Nam Ninh Binh Total n % n % n % n % Motorcycle use frequency

Daily 176 91.2 180 93.8 184 93.4 540 92.8

1-3 times /week 16 8.3 12 6.3 10 5.1 38 6.5

< 1 time /week 1 0.5 0 0.0 3 1.5 4 0.7

Years of riding

≤ 5 years 55 28.5 56 29.2 39 19.8 150 25.8

6-10 years 86 44.6 80 41.7 69 35.0 235 40.4

10 years + 52 26.9 56 29.2 89 45.2 197 33.8

Having driving license

Yes 189 97.9 174 90.6 188 95.4 551 94.7

No 4 2.1 18 9.4 9 4.6 31 5.3

Table 4.2 shows participants’ frequency of motorcycle use, years of driving and having

driving licenses. Generally, majority of them used their motorcycles on a daily basis in all

three provinces (91.2% in Bac Giang, 93.8 in Ha Nam and 93.4 in Ninh Binh). There

were a few people using motorcycles 1-3 times a week (under 8.5%). In terms of driving

experience, less than 30% of participants have been riding for less than 5 years. The

proportions of riding 6-10 years and more than 10 years were 44.6% and 26.9%

respectively in Bac Giang; 41.7% and 29.2% respectively in Ha Nam; and 35.0% and

45.2% in Ninh Binh. Looking at the driving license ownership, more than 90% of

participants have already got their license. In which, the largest proportion was in Bac

Giang (97.9%), followed by Ninh Binh (95.4%) and lowest in Ha Nam (90.6%).

4.1.2. Helmet characteristics Table 4.2. Helmet characteristics in Bac Giang, Ha Nam and Ninh Binh province

Bac Giang Ha Nam Ninh Binh Total n % n % n % n % Type of helmet*

Tropical 145 75.1 140 72.9 129 65.5 414 71.1 Half/Open face 14 7.3 17 8.9 28 14.2 59 10.1

Full face 6 3.1 4 2.1 10 5.1 20 3.4 Cap style 28 14.5 31 16.1 30 15.2 89 15.3

Helmet age < 1 year 45 23.3 31 16.1 25 12.7 101 17.4

1-3 years 124 64.2 101 52.6 98 49.7 323 55.5 > 3 years 24 12.4 59 30.7 74 37.6 157 27.0

Dont know 0 0.0 1 0.5 0 0.0 1 0.2 Helmet price

< 50k 39 20.2 25 13.0 33 16.8 97 16.7 50-100k 118 61.1 104 54.2 77 39.1 299 51.4

100-200k 34 17.6 50 26.0 59 29.9 143 24.6 > 200k 0 0.0 4 2.1 15 7.6 19 3.3

Dont know 2 1.0 9 4.7 13 6.6 24 4.1 Place of buying

Indoor shop 124 64.2 109 56.8 125 63.5 358 61.5 Street vendor 62 32.1 79 41.1 60 30.5 201 34.5

Other 1 0.5 2 1.0 3 1.5 6 1.0 Dont know 6 3.1 2 1.0 9 4.6 17 2.9

Reasons of using Avoid penalty 92 47.7 92 47.9 68 34.5 252 43.3

Avoid dust 0 0.0 5 2.6 9 4.6 14 2.4 Protect head 101 52.3 95 49.5 120 60.9 316 54.3

* Legend for type of helmet

Tropical Half head / Open face Full face Cap style

Characteristics of exchanged helmet are presented in Table 4.3. The most common type

of helmet in use was tropical (over 65.0% in all three provinces). In addition to the

tropical type, it is important to note that the cap style helmet was also common. It was the

type with the second largest proportion, 14.5% in Bac Giang, 16.1% in Ha Nam and

15.2% in Ninh Binh. However, the difference among province was not statistically

significant (p=0.91). Other types include half-head/open face and full face, whose

proportions were less than 10% in all three provinces. Regarding the age of helmet,

around 50% of participants reported that they have used their helmet for 1-3 years.

Specifically, proportion of 1-3 year old helmets was 64.2% in Bac Giang, 52.6% in Ha

Nam and 49.7% in Ninh Binh. The proportion of participants reported that they have used

their helmet for more than 3 years was relatively high, particularly in Ha Nam (30.7%)

and in Ninh Binh (37.6%). When asking on the buying price of the helmet, generally,

about 95% of participants provided the price range. Helmets bought in the price range of

50-100 thousand VND were the most prevalent, 61.1% in Ninh Binh, 54.2% in Ha Nam

and 39.1% in Ninh Binh. The proportions of participants buying their helmet at the price

of less than 50 thousand VND was highest in Bac Giang (20.2%), followed by Ninh Binh

(16.8%) and lowest in Ha Nam (13.0%). Regarding the place where they got their

helmets, indoor shop was the most place. It was 64.2% in Bac Giang, 56.8% in Ha Nam

and 63.5% in Ninh Binh.

Responding to the question on the primary reason for wearing a helmet, nearly 48.0% of

participant in Bac Giang and Ha Nam reported that it was to avoid police’s penalty.

These figures was statistically significantly higher than that in Ninh Binh province

(34.5%, p<0.01). There were also large proportion of participants reported the primary

reason as to protect their head. Specifically, it was 52.3% in Bac Giang, 49.5% people in

Ha Nam and 60.9% people in Ninh Binh. These figures were not statistically significantly

different among provinces.

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Cap style 24 9 6 15

Full face 0 3 18 3

Half/Open face 4 9 12 7

Tropical 72 79 65 75

≤ 29 30-49 ≥ 50 Total

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Cap style 24 9 6 15

Full face 0 3 18 3



≤ 29 30-49 ≥ 50 Total

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Cap style 24 9 6 15

Full face 0 3 18 3



≤ 29 30-49 ≥ 50 Total

Bac Giang Ha Nam Ninh Binh

Figure 4.1. Type of helmet by age group in Bac Gian g, Ha Nam and Ninh Binh

The difference in proportions of types of helmet used among age groups in three provinces is illustrated in Figure 4.1. In all three

provinces, tropical helmet was the most common type used by all age groups. They were used by more than 50% of participants in all

age groups in all three provinces. Cap style helmet was generally used by all age groups. However, the trend by age varies

significantly among provinces. In Bac Giang, cap style helmet use statistically significantly decreased with age (p<0.05). In Ha Nam,

however, the trend was not clear and in fact, proportions among age groups were not statistically significantly (p=0.515). In Ninh

Binh, there was statistically significant difference in the proportions among age groups (p<0.01). While it was also highest in the less

than 29 year old group, the proportion was lowest among 30-49 year old group, not the 50 year old and older group.

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Cap style 8 22

Full face 6 0

Half/Open face 9 5

Tropical 77 73

Male Female

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Cap style 15 18

Full face 1 4

Half/Open face 10 7

Tropical 74 71

Male Female

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Cap style 15 16

Full face 5 5

Half/Open face 18 6

Tropical 62 73

Male Female


Figure 4.2. Type of helmet by gender in Bac Giang, Ha Nam and Ninh Binh

Comparisons of proportions of types of helmet used by males and females in three provinces are illustrated in Figure 4.2. It can be

seen that for both males and females, tropical helmet was the most common type. It was used by more than 70% of females and more

than 60% of males in all three provinces. Regarding the half-head/ open face helmet, it appears to be more commonly used by males.

However, it was statistically significant in Ninh Binh (pBG=0.21, pHN=0.44, pNB<0.05). Cap style helmet was generally used by both

males and females. In Bac Giang, the proportions among females was statistically significantly higher than that among males

(p<0.01). In Ha Nam and Ninh Binh, females also had higher proportions, however, they were not statistically significant (pHN=0.62,

pNB=0.86).

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Cap style 14 19 0

Full face 3 6 0

Half/Open face 6 19 0

Tropical 77 56 100

Daily 1-3 /w k < 1/w k

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Cap style 16 17 0

Full face 2 0 0


Tropical 73 75 0


0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Cap style 15 20 0

Full face 5 0 0


Tropical 65 60 100



Figure 4.3. Type of helmet by motorcycle use freque ncy in Bac Giang, Ha Nam and Ninh Binh

Figure 4.3 shows the proportions of type of helmet by motorcycle use frequency in three provinces. In Ha Nam, there was little

variation in the type of helmet used between two major motorcycle use frequency categories, namely daily and 1-3 times per week. In

Bac Giang and Ninh Binh, daily riders used tropical helmet more commonly than 1-3 time-per week riders on the one hand, but used

cap style helmet less commonly on the other hand. However, these differences were not statistically significant (In Bac Giang:

ptropical=0.07, pcap=0.62; In Ninh Binh, ptropical=0.74, pcap=0.68).

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Cap style 25 13 6

Full face 0 3 6


Tropical 67 76 83

≤ 5 yrs 6 - 10 yrs > 10 yrs

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Cap style 23 13 14

Full face 4 3 0


Tropical 64 80 71

≤ 5 yrs 6 - 10 yrs > 10 yrs

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Cap style 23 16 11

Full face 3 3 8


Tropical 64 70 63

≤ 5 yrs 6 - 10 yrs > 10 yrs


Figure 4.4. Type of helmet by years of driving in B ac Giang, Ha Nam and Ninh Binh

Analyses of type of helmet used by riding experience in three provinces are illustrated in Figure 4.4. Generally, all four types of

helmet were used by all riding experience categories, with largest proportion of tropical helmet, followed by cap style, then half-

head/open face and full face. In all three provinces, the proportions of cap style helmet was highest among least experienced riders

(less than 5 years of motorcycle riding), more than 20%. These proportions seems to decreased with years of riding, particularly Bac

Giang and Ninh Binh. However, the trend was statistically significant only in Bac Giang, but not in Ha Nam (p=0.22) nor Ninh Binh

(p=0.22).

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Cap style 64 3 0 0

Full face 0 1 15 0


Tropical 36 92 59 0

< 50k 50-100k100-200k

Dont know

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Cap style 40 13 14 0 11

Full face 0 3 0 25 0

Half/Open face 8 8 12 0 11

Tropical 52 77 74 75 78

< 50k50-

100k100-200k

> 200k

Dont know

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Cap style 33 17 8 0 8

Full face 0 1 3 47 0

Half/Open face 15 12 17 27 0

Tropical 52 70 71 27 92

< 50k50-

100k100-200k

> 200k

Dont know


Figure 4.5. Type of helmet by helmet price in Bac G iang, Ha Nam and Ninh Binh

Figure 4.5 shows the proportion of helmet types by helmet price in three provinces. It can be seen that the most common helmet type,

tropical helmet, had been bought at all price ranges from less than 50,000 VND to more than 200,000 VND. On the other hand, cap

style helmet cap style helmet had been bought at all price range of less than 200,000 VND. Moreover, it accounted for the largest

proportion all price range of less than 50,000 VND in all three provinces. For instance, in the less than 50,000 VND helmet group, the

proportion was more than 60% in Bac Giang, more than 40% in Ha Nam and more than 30% in Ninh Binh.

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Cap style 6 34 0 0

Full face 4 2 0 0


Tropical 82 63 0 67

ShopStreet vendor

OtherDont know

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Cap style 17 16 0 0

Full face 1 4 0 0


Tropical 73 71 100 100

ShopStreet vendor

OtherDont know

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Cap style 10 25 0 22

Full face 8 0 0 0


Tropical 65 63 100 78

ShopStreet vendor

OtherDont know


Figure 4.6. Type of helmet by buying place in Bac G iang, Ha Nam and Ninh Binh

Figure 4.6 illustrates the type of helmet by buying place in three provinces. Regarding the two most common buying places, indoor

shop and street vendor, tropical helmets had been more likely bought from indoor shop while cap style ones had been more likely

bought from street vendor. However, the trend for tropical helmets was statistically significant in Bac Giang (p<0.01), but not

significant in Ha Nam (p=0.70) and Ninh Binh (0=0.84). Regarding the trend for cap style helmets, it was also statistically significant

in Bac Giang (p<0.001) and in Ninh Binh (p<0.01), but not in Ha Nam (p=0.99).

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Cap style 21 0 9

Full face 0 0 6


Tropical 72 0 78

Avoid penalty

Avoid dustProtect head

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Cap style 17 20 15

Full face 1 0 3


Tropical 71 80 75

Avoid penalty


0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Cap style 19 0 14

Full face 1 11 7


Tropical 69 67 63

Avoid penalty



Figure 4.7. Type of helmet by primary reason of hel met wearing in Bac Giang, Ha Nam and Ninh Binh

Helmet types by primary reason of wearing helmet in three provinces are presented in Figure 4.7. In all three provinces, there were

little variations in the proportions of using tropical helmet among reasons for avoiding penalty, avoiding dust/ wind/ sun shine or for

protecting their head. However, it is important to note that there were participants reported their use of cap style helmet for protecting

their head. For instance, among this primary reason group, the proportion of using cap helmet was almost 10% in Bac Giang and

around 15% in Ha Nam and also nearly 15% in Ninh Binh

4.1.3. Helmet quality Table 4.3. Quality of helmets: specific criteria an d overall quality

Bac Giang Ha Nam Ninh Binh Total n % n % n % n %

Total 193 191 197 581

Parts Tropical 139 95.9% 127 91.4% 121 93.8% 139 95.9%

Full face 14 100.0% 14 82.4% 23 82.1% 14 100.0%

Half/OF 5 83.3% 4 100.0% 10 100.0% 5 83.3%

Cap style 2 7.1% 5 16.1% 4 13.3% 2 7.1%

All 160 82.9% 150 78.5% 158 80.2% 468 80.6%

Size Tropical 129 89.0% 128 92.1% 125 96.9% 129 89.0%

Full face 14 100.0% 17 100.0% 26 92.9% 14 100.0%

Half/OF 6 100.0% 4 100.0% 10 100.0% 6 100.0%

Cap style 2 7.1% 4 12.9% 5 16.7% 2 7.1%

All 166 86.0% 170 89.0% 181 91.9% 517 89.0%

Weight Tropical 141 97.2% 134 96.4% 127 98.4% 141 97.2%

Full face 14 100.0% 17 100.0% 26 92.9% 14 100.0%

Half/OF 6 100.0% 4 100.0% 10 100.0% 6 100.0% Cap style 5 17.9% 15 48.4% 18 60.0% 5 17.9%

All 151 78.2% 153 80.1% 166 84.3% 470 80.9%

Impact Tropical 35 24.1% 35 25.2% 24 18.6% 35 24.1%

Full face 1 7.1% 0 .0% 4 14.3% 1 7.1%

Half/OF 1 16.7% 1 25.0% 5 50.0% 1 16.7%

Cap style 1 3.6% 3 9.7% 0 .0% 1 3.6% All 38 19.7% 39 20.4% 33 16.8% 110 18.9%

Overall Tropical 35 24.1% 35 25.2% 24 18.6% 35 24.1%

Full face 1 7.1% 0 .0% 4 14.3% 1 7.1%

Half/OF 1 16.7% 1 25.0% 5 50.0% 1 16.7%

Cap style 1 3.6% 3 9.7% 0 .0% 1 3.6%

All 38 19.7% 39 20.4% 33 16.8% 110 18.9%

Table 4.3 shows the results of the standard quality tests for actual exchanged helmets

from 581 participants. Tests conducted include those on required parts, weight, size and

protection area and impact absorption. The overall result was considered as qualified if a

helmet passed all individual tests. According to the QCVN2-2008/BKHCN, the national

technical regulation on protective helmets for motorcycle and moped users, a helmet

should have all necessary parts as required, including shell, foam liner and the retention

system. Once having all required parts, the helmet is weighed and it should be in an

appropriate range in accordance with its size. Then, the coverage of protected area was

measured and impact absorption test was done. A helmet is considered qualified if it

meets the minimum requirements for all standards. Impact test could not be done for cap

or other helmets that did not have a foam liner as it would cause substantial damage to

the testing equipment. A helmet without a foam liner does not meet the criteria of

necessary parts and neither would it pass the impact testing so absence was recorded as

an instant failure. Some other cap helmets (with foam liner) underwent the impact test,

with standard drop height.

It can be seen from the table that, overall more than 80% of exchanged helmets passed

the first test (82.9% in Bac Giang, 78.5% in Ha Nam and 80.2% in Ninh Binh). In terms

of size and protection area tests, 89.0% of helmets met this qualification. Specifically, it

was 86.0% in Bac Giang, 89.0% in Ha Nam and 91.9% in Ninh Binh. Regarding the

weight test, the proportions of helmets passing this test were slightly lower than the

previous one. It was 78.2% in Bac Giang, 80.1% in Ha Nam and 80.9% in Ninh Binh.

The most obvious change was the result on impact absorption test, only 19.7% helmets in

Bac Giang, 20.4% in Ha Nam and 16.8% in Ninh Binh passed. As a results, these were

also the proportions of helmets meeting the minimum standards. Statistical tests for in

quality (specific criteria and overall quality) across provinces did not show any

significant difference. All p-values were greater than 0.05 (pparts=0.94, psize=0.88,

pweight=0.91, pimpact=0.72 and poverall=0.72).

Figure 4.8 and 4.9 show the proportions of helmets qualified for specific tests and overall

quality by helmet type in three provinces. For tropical helmets, in all three provinces,

more than 90% met the required-part, size and protection area and weight tests. However,

about 25%, which was also the proportion of qualified ones, met the impact absorption

test (24.1% in Bac Giang, 25.2% in Ha Nam and 18.6% in Ninh Binh, p=0.547). For half-

head and open face helmet, despite very high proportions (more than 80%) passing the

required-part, size and protection area and weight tests, the proportions passing the

impact absorption test was 7.1% in Bac Giang, 0.0% in Ha Nam and 14.1% in Ninh Binh

(p=0.29). For full face helmets, most of them also pass the first three tests, but only

16.7% in Bac Giang, 25.0% in Ha Nam and 50% in Ninh Binh (p=0.602). For cap style

helmets, their proportions passing all four tests were similarly low, including the impact

absorption test (3.6% in Bac Giang, 9.7% in Ha Nam and 0.0% in Ninh Binh, p=0.21).

That is, across provinces, there was no statistically significant difference in the

proportions of qualified tropical, half-head/ open face, full face and cap style helmets.

96% 100%

83%

7%

91%82%

100%

16%

94%82%

100%

13%

0%

50%

100%

T H/O F C T H/O F C T H/O F C


97% 100% 100%

18%

96% 100%100%

48%

98%93%

100%

60%

0%

50%

100%



Parts Size

89%100% 100%

7%

92%100%100%

13%

97% 93%100%

17%

0%

50%

100%



24%

7%17%

4%

25%

0%

25%

10%19% 14%

50%

0%0%

50%

100%



Weight Impact Legend: T: Tropical; H/O: half-head/ open face; F: Full face; C: Cap style Figure 4.8. Proportions of helmets qualified for sp ecific tests by helmet type in Bac Giang, Ha Nam an d Ninh Binh

24%

7%

17%

4%

25%

0%

25%

10%19%

14%

50%

0%0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%



Legend: T: Tropical; H/O: half-head/ open face; F: Full face; C: Cap style Figure 4.9. Proportions of qualified helmets by hel met type in Bac Giang, Ha Nam and Ninh Binh Numbers and proportions of helmets passing specific tests and overall quality by helmet

price groups in three provinces are shown in Table 4.4. For all tests, these numbers and

proportions increase with helmet price. In other words, the proportions of qualified

helmets were higher in the more expensive ones. In Bac Giang, among helmets at the

price of more than 50,000 VND, more than 85% passed the first three tests. However, for

helmets at the price of less than 50,000 VND, less than 45% qualified for these tests. For

the impact test, which also implies the overall quality, the proportion of qualified helmets

was 7.7% among those less than 50,000 VND, 24.6% among those 50,000-100,000 VND

and 17.6% among those 100,000-200,000 VND. However, there was no statistically

significant difference in these figures (p=0.15). In Ha Nam and Ninh Binh, on the other

hand, there was also a statistically significant trend of higher proportions of qualified

helmets among those bought at higher price. Specifically, in Ha Nam, the proportion of

qualified helmets was 12.0% among those less than 50,000 VND, 16.5% among those

50,000-100,000 VND and 34.0% among those 100,000-200,000 VND (p<0.05). In Ninh

Binh, this was 6.1% among those less than 50,000 VND, 11.7% among those 50,000-

100,000 VND and 16.9% among those 100,000-200,000 VND, and 53.5% among those

more than 200,000 VND (p<0.001).

Table 4.4. Proportions of qualified helmets by helm et price in Bac Giang, Ha Nam and Ninh Binh

Bac Giang Ha Nam Ninh Binh n qualified % n qualified % n qualified %

Parts

< 50k 39 14 35.9% 25 12 48.0% 33 21 63.6%

50-100k 118 111 94.1% 103 86 83.5% 77 60 77.9%

100-200k 34 33 97.1% 50 42 84.0% 59 50 84.7%

> 200k 0 0 0 4 3 75.0% 15 15 100%

Dont know 2 2 100% 9 7 77.8% 13 12 92.3%

Size

< 50k 39 17 43.6% 25 15 60.0% 33 26 78.8%

50-100k 118 113 95.8% 103 97 94.2% 77 72 93.5%

100-200k 34 34 100% 50 48 96.0% 59 55 93.2%

> 200k 0 0 0 4 3 75.0% 15 15 100%

Dont know 2 2 100% 9 7 77.8% 13 13 100%

Weight

< 50k 39 13 33.3% 25 11 44.0% 33 21 63.6%

50-100k 118 102 86.4% 103 89 86.4% 77 64 83.1%

100-200k 34 34 100% 50 43 86.0% 59 53 89.8%

> 200k 0 0 0 4 3 75.0% 15 15 100%

Dont know 2 2 100% 9 7 77.8% 13 13 100%

Impact

< 50k 39 3 7.7% 25 3 12.0% 33 2 6.1%

50-100k 118 29 24.6% 103 17 16.5% 77 9 11.7%

100-200k 34 6 17.6% 50 17 34.0% 59 10 16.9%

> 200k 0 0 0 4 0 0.0% 15 8 53.3%

Dont know 2 0 0.0% 9 2 22.2% 13 4 30.8%

Overall

< 50k 39 3 7.7% 25 3 12.0% 33 2 6.1%

50-100k 118 29 24.6% 103 17 16.5% 77 9 11.7%

100-200k 34 6 17.6% 50 17 34.0% 59 10 16.9%

> 200k 0 0 0 4 0 0.0% 15 8 53.3%

Dont know 2 0 0.0% 9 2 22.2% 13 4 30.8%

Table 4.5 presents numbers and proportions of helmets passing specific tests and overall

quality by helmet buying place in three provinces. Comparing the two most common

buying places, indoor shop and street vendor, it is obvious that the proportions of passing

quality tests were higher among helmets buying from indoor shops than those buying

from street vendors. However, these differences were statistically significant in Bac

Giang for the first 3 tests, but not the impact absorption test and overall quality (p=0.36).

In Ha Nam, all p-values were greater than 0.05. In other words, there was no statistically

significant difference in the proportions of qualified helmet on all quality tests. In Ninh

Binh, on the other hand, difference in the proportions on all quality tests except the one

on weight were statistically significant.

Table 4.5. Proportions of qualified helmets by buyi ng place in Bac Giang, Ha Nam and Ninh Binh

Bac Giang Ha Nam Ninh Binh n qualified % n qualified % n qualified %

Parts

Indoor shop 124 112 90.3% 109 88 80.7% 125 105 84.0%

Street vendor 62 41 66.1% 78 59 75.6% 60 43 71.7%

Other 1 1 100% 2 1 50.0% 3 3 100%

Dont know 6 6 100% 2 2 100% 9 7 77.8%

Size

Indoor shop 124 117 94.4% 109 101 92.7% 125 117 93.6%

Street vendor 62 42 67.7% 78 66 84.6% 60 53 88.3%

Other 1 1 100% 2 1 50.0% 3 3 100%

Dont know 6 6 100% 2 2 100% 9 8 88.9%

Weight

Indoor shop 124 107 86.3% 109 90 82.6% 125 111 88.8%

Street vendor 62 37 59.7% 78 60 76.9% 60 44 73.3%

Other 1 1 100% 2 1 50.0% 3 3 100%

Dont know 6 6 100% 2 2 100% 9 8 88.9%

Impact

Indoor shop 124 27 21.8% 109 24 22.0% 125 26 20.8%

Street vendor 62 10 16.1% 78 14 17.9% 60 5 8.3%

Other 1 0 0.0% 2 0 0.0% 3 2 66.7%

Dont know 6 1 16.7% 2 1 50.0% 9 0 0.0%

Overall

Indoor shop 124 27 21.8% 109 24 22.0% 125 26 20.8%

Street vendor 62 10 16.1% 78 14 17.9% 60 5 8.3%

Other 1 0 0.0% 2 0 0.0% 3 2 66.7%

Dont know 6 1 16.7% 2 1 50.0% 9 0 0.0%

4.2. Market survey

This section provides the results of quality tests for helmets in circulation. Systematic

random selection was used to select 80 helmets from STAMEQ list. The list of selected

helmets was then send to helmet vendors. Those helmets no longer in circulation were

replaced by the next one in the STAMEQ list. They were all CR labeled helmets,

indicating they met national standard QCVN2: 2008/BKHCN. For the objectivity of the

lab tests, all stamp, label, name and logo of the helmets were blinded by dark paint before

taking to the lab.

Figure 4.10 shows the distribution of newly purchased helmets by type and buying price

range. Most of them were tropical helmets (75.0%), followed by half-head/open face

helmets (12.5%), full face helmets (10.0%) and cap style helmets (2.5%). Regarding the

price, nearly 60.0% of the helmets was bought with prices of less than 200,000 VND, and

only 20.0% of the helmets was bought with the higher prices of between 200,000VND

and 300,000VND and 21.3% helmets with price of over 300,000 VND.

75.0%

12.5%

2.5%

10.0%

T H/O F C

21.3%

58.8%20.0%

< 200k 200-300k >300k

Type of helmet Buying price range

Figure 4.10. New helmets by type and buying price

Table 4.6. Proportions of qualified helmets by type

Tropical Half-head/ Open face Full face Cap style Total

n % n % n % n % n % Total 60 10 8 2 80

Parts 60 100.0% 9 90.0% 8 100.0% 2 100.0% 79 98.8%

Weight 60 100.0% 10 100.0% 8 100.0% 2 100.0% 80 100.0%

Size 60 100.0% 10 100.0% 8 100.0% 2 100.0% 80 100.0%

Impact 23 38.3% 6 60.0% 8 100.0% 0 .0% 37 46.3%

Overall 23 38.3% 6 60.0% 8 100.0% 0 .0% 37 46.3%

Table 4.6 shows the results of helmet quality tests based on four individual standards

including required parts, weight, size and protection area, impact absorption and overall

quality. Generally, almost all new helmets pass the test on required-part, weight and size

and protection area. However, test result of impact absorption showed that only 46.3% of

these new helmets were qualified. Therefore, for the overall quality, 46.3% of new

helmets was considered as qualified. Looking at the test results by helmet type, the

proportion of passing the impact absorption test was 38.3% among tropical helmets, 60%

among half-head/open face helmet, 100% among full-face helmets and 0% among cap

helmets. With p<0.001, there was a statistically significant difference in the proportions

of qualified helmet across helmet type.

98% 100% 100% 99%100% 100% 100% 100%

26%

69%

82%

46%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

<200k 200-300k >300k All

Parts Weight Size Impact Overall

Figure 4.11. Proportions of qualified helmets by bu ying price

Figure 4.11 shows the percentage of helmets classified as qualified by price. It can be

seen that almost all new helmets off any price passed the tests on required-part, weight,

size and protection area. However, as can be seen in the figure, the proportion of passing

the impact absorption tests was just 25.5% among helmets of less than 200,000 VND,

68.8% among 200,000-300,000 VND helmets and 82.4% among those greater than

300,000 VND. With p<0.0001, the trend of higher proportion of qualified helmets for

higher price one was statistically significant

5. Discussion

5.1. Exchange survey

Tropical helmets accounted for the majority of exchanged helmets in Bac Giang, Ha Nam

and Ninh Binh. There were a few participants using half-head/open face helmets and full

face ones. Why people favored using such types of helmets is associated with the tropical

climate pattern in Vietnam. It is likely that the respondents purchase helmets that are

convenient and keep them cool. Most of the chin cover helmets collected in this study

were used by old people (over 60 years old) while, no one in the age group of 18-29 years

old used this type of helmet. It may be due to young people’s habits and characteristics.

They tend to buy the fashionable and soft helmets like tropical ones. Similarly, the

proportion of the retired people wearing full face helmets and half-head/open face

helmets was higher than that of other occupation groups.

Most participants using motorcycle from one to three times per week wore cap style

helmets. Moreover, years of using cap style helmets were under five years. It is likely

that quality of cap style helmets is low. With regard to helmet price, most of participants

bought tropical helmets with price of between 50,000VND to 100,000VND. Only a few

people buy full face helmets with price of over 200,000VND. Especially, participants

commonly bought cap style helmets with price of under 50,000VND. That can be seen

that people tend to buy helmet with cheap price due to their low income.

About place of buying helmet, most of participants bought helmets from indoor shop and

street vendors. Especially, cap style helmets were commonly bought from street vendors.

It may be shown that people can be easy to find helmets by street vendors. Regarding

reasons for buying helmet, majority of people considered that wearing tropical helmets is

to avoid penalty and dust. Moreover, participants also aware the effect of helmet’s

protection. For cap style helmets, people supposed that using this type of helmet only is

to to avoid penalty and dust. They do not think about the effect of helmet to protect their

head in case of accident.

The result of helmet quality test of exchanged helmets based on some specific standards

such as required parts, weight and size measurement and protection area was relatively

good in three provinces. However, the result of impact absorption test and overall

qualification was still low (under 21.0% of helmets passing helmet quality test). This can

be explained that only over 40.0% of the exchanged helmets were verified to be meet the

national technical standards. Moreover, the biases resulting from the collection of used

helmets at selected petrol stations are inevitable. The local people might exchange their

old and poor quality helmets with the new ones. Consequently, the result of helmet

quality test could be negatively affected.

The low percentage of qualified helmets implicated high risk of injury in case of a crash.

The poor impact absorption of a helmet may not protect the wearer’s head. As a result,

the helmet cannot reduce the consequences of a collision related to the head in the event

of a crash. Moreover, the status of using cap helmet without foam liner was still observed

in three provinces (over 10.0%). This can be due to participants’ poor knowledge of

helmet quality standards and the lack of strict control from market control agencies in

three provinces. It is undeniable that cap helmets are fashionable; therefore, young people

prefer it. A variety of cap helmets with the cheap prices are increasingly sold in the

market 1. Consequently, although these helmets did not meet national standards, they

were widely used in three provinces. Similar to the result of helmet observation in

February 2011 in Binh Duong, Da Nang and Yen Bai, wearing cap helmets among adults

accounted for a lower percentage. Generally, the quality of exchanged helmets was poor.

The result of helmet quality test shows that cap style helmet is the worst quality on

criteria of required part, weight, size and protection area and impact absorption. Tropical

helmets has good result of helmet quality test of required part, weight, size and protection

area. But under 30.0% tropical helmets passed test of impact absorption. In comparison

with tropical helmets, there was more full face helmet passed test of impact absorption

(accounting for 50.0%). It can be due to its hard design.

1 http://mubaohiemduchuy.com.vn/index.php?name=index&act=readnew&id=63

With regard to helmet with cheap price (under 50,000VND), the proportion of the helmet

passing test of required part and impact absorption was so low. Meanwhile, proportion of

helmet with price of over 200,000VND passing test of required part, size and protection

area and impact absorption was better than those with lower price. It can be shown that

the quality of cheap helmet was so poor. Regarding helmets which were sold by street

vendors, the result of test on required part, weight, size and protection area and impact

absorption was worse than that among helmet which were sold in shop.

5.2. Market survey

Among 80 newly purchased helmets which were randomly collected from the list of

helmets confirmed to meet the national technical standards, nearly 100% of the selected

helmets passed some of the specific standards such as required parts, weight and size

measurement and protection area. However, only nearly 50.0% of newly bought helmets

passed the impact absorption test and overall qualification, indicating a serious problem

related to the quality of helmets sold in market. The low percentage of helmets surviving

the helmet quality test may be due to the lack of helmet quality control. According to Ho

Chi Minh Market control office, helmets have been sold to people with low prices of

about 25,000 to 35,000 thousand VND, which may not ensure their protection capacity. It

is estimated that over 80% of helmets sold in market are not qualified2.

Low price helmets (under 200,000 VND) that met the quality test constituted a lower

percentage than those sold at higher prices. Helmets sold at over 300,000 VND passed

the quality test much more than those at cheaper prices. The full face helmets’ quality

was much better than other types of helmet such as half-head/open face helmets, tropical

ones and cap style ones. It can be due to the fact that a full face helmets are designed to

secure the helmets around the head and hold the lower jaw firmly in place to reduce the

possibility of injury during impact.

2 http://mubaohiemduchuy.com.vn/index.php?name=index&act=readnew&id=63

6. Conclusion and recommendation

6.1. Conclusion

In the study, 582 people in three provinces of Bac Giang, Ha Nam and Ninh Binh were

recruited for the study. Most people used tropical helmets in three provinces, especially

in the age group of over 60 years old (100.0% in both Bac Giang and Ha Nam province).

Over 60.0% of officer, housewives, students and the unemployed wore tropical helmets.

Participants who used motorcycles daily most commonly wore tropical helmets in three

provinces (65.2% in Ninh Binh; 76.7% in Bac Giang and 72.8% in Ha Nam). Regarding

helmet prices of under 50,000 VND, in Bac Giang and Ha Nam, over 30.0% of people

wearing tropical helmets used this type of helmet. Most respondents used tropical

helmets with price of between 50,000VND and 100,000VND and helmet price of over

200,000VND.

In Bac Giang province, 193 helmets were exchanged. Over 82.0% of the tested helmets

passed the test of required parts, weight, size and protection area. Only 19.7% of the

helmets passed the impact absorption test and overall qualification. In Ha Nam province,

191 helmets were exchanged. Many helmets passed the test of required parts, weight, size

and protection area (78.5%, 100.0% and 90.0%, respectively). Only 20.4% of helmets

passed the test of impact absorption test and overall qualification. In Ninh Binh, 197

helmets were exchanged. Over 80.0% of the tested helmets passed the test of required

parts, weight and size and protection area. Only 16.8% of the helmets passed the impact

absorption test and overall qualification.

Moreover, 80 newly bought helmets were tested. Nearly 100.0% of these helmets survive

the test of required parts, weight and size and protection area. Only 46.3% of them passed

the impact absorption test. Most of new helmets with any helmet prices passed the test

of weight and size and protection area and required part.. Only 25.5% of the helmets with

low prices (under 200,000VND) passed the two tests, Those with higher prices between

200,000 and 300,000VND and over 300,000VND passed the test with much higher

percentage (68.8% and 82.4%, respectively). 100% of tropical helmets passed three test

of required part, size and protection area and overall. Meanwhile, the percentage of new

helmets passed test of impact absorption and overall was about 40.0%. Especially, 100%

of cap style helmet passed the test of required part, size and protection area and weight

whereas, there was not any new cap helmets passed the test of impact absorption and

overall

6.2. Recommendation

− There should be increased enforcement quality control for helmets in circulation,

not only those without CR labels but also those already qualified by STAMEQ.

− The community should be provided more information on the risk and

consequences of head injuries associated with motorcycle crashes. So that, the

primary reason for helmet use is not just to avoid police penalty.

− The community should be aware of the uncertainty of the protection capacity of

the cap style helmet, which seems to become more and more common.

7. References

1. Government, Resolution 32/2007/NQ-CP, A number of urgent measures to reduce traffic accidents and jams, dated March 29th 2007, Government, Editor. 2007.

2. Government, Decree 34/2010/ND-CP, Regulation on administrative penalty of road traffic law violation, dated April 2nd 2010, Government, Editor. 2010.

3. Hung, D.V., M.R. Stevenson, and R.Q. Ivers, Prevalence of helmet use among motorcycle riders in Vietnam. Inj Prev, 2006. 12(6): p. 409-13.

4. Nguyen, H.T., C.V. Pham, and H.M. Nguyen, Helmet observation in Yen Bai, Da Nang and Binh Duong, June-2008. 2008, Hanoi School of Public Health: Hanoi.

5. Nguyen, H.T., C.V. Pham, and H.M. Nguyen, Helmet observation in Yen Bai, Da Nang and Binh Duong, May-2009. 2009, Hanoi School of Public Health: Hanoi.

6. Nguyen, H.T., C.V. Pham, and H.M. Nguyen, Helmet observation in Yen Bai, Da Nang and Binh Duong, February-2011. 2011, Hanoi School of Public Health: Hanoi.

7. Pervin, A., et al., Viet Nam's mandatory motorcycle helmet law and its impact on children. Bull World Health Organ, 2009. 87(5): p. 369-73.

8. Liu, B.C., et al., Helmets for preventing injury in motorcycle riders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2008(1): p. CD004333.

8. Appendices

Appendix 1. STAMEQ list of qualified helmet (as of May 10th 2011)

No. Brand Serie Type 1. CT5AL 2. CT5D 3. CT6B 4. CT6H 5. CT5B 6. CT6CB 7. CT7 8. CT6E 9. CT10 10. CT14 11. CT6A 12. CT11 13. CT5A 14. CT1A 15. CT8 16. CT6C 17. CT6D 18. CT12 19. CT16 20. CT16L 21. CT18 22. CT11N 23. CT5C 24. CT14N 25. CT6B1 26. CT8N 27. CT9C 28. CT1NN

Half-head/Open face

29. CT15 30. CT17 31. CT1B 32. CT9B 33. CT1 34. CT19

Half-head/Open face, large size

35.

CHITA/ OMONO/ SAFE

CT 6HD Half-head/Open face, small size 36. TA-112 37. TA-03 38. TA-525 39. TA-300 40. TA-15 41. M-290 42. M2R-09 43. S-07 44. AN-01 45. S-06

Half-head/Open face

46. TA 366 47.

VR-1/ EPIC/ACE/ MARUSHIN/ZOOM

TA-06 Half-head/Open face, large size

No. Brand Serie Type 48. TA-500 Full face, windshield, large size 49. SRT-1 Half-head/Open face 50. SRT-2

51.

HONDA

CT 1


52. Haly 53. 16/32 54. 103 55. 105 56. 107 57. 108 (S/M/L) 58. 110 59. 120 60. 121 61. 122 62. 206/412 63. 505 64. 602 65. 160 (M/L) 66. 168 (M/L) 67. 167 (M/L) 68. 207 69. 209 70. Haly 67 71. Haly 66 72. 106

Half-head/Open face

73. 101/102 74. 111 75. 306/612 76. 201/402 77. 19/38

Half-head/Open face

78. 555 79. 791/582 80. 890 81. 990 82. 805 83.

ANDES/ ZEUS/ HEROS/ SIMPSON/ SUNDA/ CROMO

803

Half-head/Open face, and Full face

84. DISCOVERY 85. TROPY 86. SAGA 87. UFO 88. ROSA 89. POLY 90. KITTY

Half-head/Open face, windshield and no windshield, large size

91.

PROTEC

EQ-8B/SAGA Half-head/Open face 92. PK09 93. PK10 94. PK02 95.

KANO PK03

Half-head/Open face, no windshield, large size

No. Brand Serie Type 96. PK07 97. PK08 98. PK04 99. PK05 100.

PK11

101. HS01 Half-head/Open face, no windshield, large size

102. HS08 103. HS12 104. HS14


105. HS13 Half-head/Open face, no windshield, medium size

106. HS02 Half-head/Open face, no windshield, large size

107. HS05k Half-head/Open face, no windshield, large size

108. HS07 109. HS09 110. HS01 111. HS12 112. HS05k 113. HS015


114.

SAN KYO

HS13 Half-head/Open face, no windshield, medium size

115. S338 Half-head/Open face, windshield, large size

116. S806 117. S323


118. S368 Half-head/Open face, windshield, large size

119. S316 Half-head/Open face, no windshield, large size




123. S316A 124. S326 125. S603 126.

STAR

S613


127. M05 128. M04 129. M01 130. M07

Half-head/Open face, no windshield, medium size

131.

SMART

M06 Half-head/Open face, no windshield, large size

132. NP6BL 133.

SAVA NP6A


No. Brand Serie Type 134. NP6D 135. NP6T 136. NP6M 137. NP6H 138. NP6C

139. NP8 Half-head/Open face, no windshield, small size

140. NP6N Half-head/Open face, no windshield, large size

141. NP6F 142. EBN 143. EBD 144. EBH 145. EBO

Half-head/Open face, no windshield, medium size

146.

EBK Half-head/Open face, windshield, medium size

147. NP6BL 148. NP6A 149. NP6D 150. NP6T 151. NP6M 152. NP6H 153. NP6C


154. NP1 Half-head/Open face, no windshield, large size

155. NP6G 156. NP5D 157.

NiPa NP6BN


158. MC Half-head/Open face, no windshield, medium size

159. LC Half-head/Open face, no windshield, large size

160. MM Half-head/Open face, windshield, medium size

161. SM Half-head/Open face, windshield, small size

162. LM 163.

MORNING

XLM Half-head/Open face, windshield, large size

164. A1 165.

INDES 6B

166. NBT

A1

167. HUNG PHONG A1


168. M01 169. M02 170. M06 171. M12 172. M07 173.

OSAKAR

M09

Half-head/Open face

No. Brand Serie Type 174. M13 175. M11 176. M16 177. M17 178. M18

179. V2 180. V4 181. V6 182. V8 183. V14

Half-head/Open face

184.

VIMAX

V5 Half-head/Open face

185. 01 186. 108 187. 06 188.

VIỆT NHẬT

M202

Half-head/Open face

189. AM 250 190. AM 270

Half-head/Open face

191. AM 350 Half-head/Open face 192. AM 600 193. AM 630

Half-head/Open face, and Full face

194. AM 50 195. AM 150 196. AM A2 197.

AZURA

AM A4

Half-head/Open face

198. D18 199. D12 200.

DULEX

D17 201. AMOTOR A18

Half-head/Open face

202. H01 203.

H & H H02

Half-head/Open face

204. ST 987 205. ST 678

Half-head/Open face

206. ST 666 207. ST 888 208. ST 333 209. ST 338 210. ST 916 211. ST 969


212. ST 336 213. ST 337 214.

SITACO/ SJC/SITÂM

ST 339

Half-head/Open face, medium size

215. KT3 216. KT10 217. KT12 218. KT5 219. KT13


220. KT6 221. KT7

Half-head/Open face, small size

222.

KINOTA/ KNT/ BITACO/ ORENCO

KT N0 Half-head/Open face, windshield, large size

No. Brand Serie Type 223. BKTEC BK8 Half-head/Open face 224. A197 225. A298 226. A084 227. A668 228. A118 229. A686 230.

ASIAMOTO

A991

Half-head/Open face

231. YA3 232. YA6C 233. YA5C 234. YA1C


235.

YAVINA

YA4 Half-head/Open face, no windshield, large size

236. MT105

237. MT102 238. MT107


239. MT108 Half-head/Open face, large size 240.

SENCO

MT 104 Half-head/Open face, large size 241. MT105 Half-head/Open face, large size,

no windshield 242. MT 101 243.

EVIC

MT 114 Half-head/Open face, large size, no windshield

244. MT 103 245.

ANDAS MT 109

Half-head/Open face, large size, no windshield

246. 011 247. 908 248. 802 249. 806 250. 902 251. X-Teen 252. 012 253. 018


254. 001 Half-head/Open face, small size

255. 008 Half-head/Open face, medium size

256.

X-TEEN/ PROJAPA/ JAMASATA

9999 Half-head/Open face, large size, windshield

257. AJINO H4 Half-head/Open face 258. M2 259. M6 260. M7 261. M8 262. M01 263. M05 264. M09 265. M10 266. M1


267. M4 Half-head/Open face, no windshield, small size

268.

YMR

M3 Half-head/Open face, no

No. Brand Serie Type windshield, large size

269. 680 270. 007 271. 322 272. 882

Half-head/Open face; Half-head/Open face; Half-head/Open face and Full face

273.

AMORO

TET Half-head/Open face 274. Janpo S 275. Janpo M 276. Janpo L

Half-head/Open face, small size, medium size và large size

277.

JANPO

Janpo A Half-head/Open face 278. TOMAS 279.

TOMAS 02

Half-head/Open face

280. SL 216 281. SL 235 282. SL 217 283. SL 036 284. SL 214 285. SL 045 286. SL 234

Half-head/Open face

287. SL 469 288. SL 039

Half-head/Open face

289. SL 126 290.

HSL

SL 135 Half-head/Open face and Full face

291. PF-4 Half-head/Open face (amount: 1000)

292. BOB-B 293. BOB-DBZ

Half-head/Open face

294. BOB-B Half-head/Open face 295. FB6A-WM

296.

OGK (imported from Japan)

FA5E-WM

Half-head/Open face

297. OHTS FB6A-WM 298.

HONDA (imported from Japan)

OHTS FA5E-WM Half-head/Open face

299. CROWN L Half-head/Open face, large size 300. N01 301. N04 302. N05 303. N02 304. N03


305.

NANA FASHION/ WOOHOO/MIKKO

N06 Half-head/Open face, small size 306. 808 307. 818 308. 828 309.

SATYMO

838


310. NS 008 311.

NÓN SƠN NS 009


312. DETECH N5 Half-head/Open face, no

No. Brand Serie Type windshield, medium size

313. XL 314. L

Half-head/Open face, no windshield, large size và medium size

315. Hi 0901 Half-head/Open face, no windshield, large size

316. Hi 0902 317. M 0903 Half-head/Open face, no

windshield, medium size 318.

HITECH

HL W 0904 Half-head/Open face, medium size, no windshield

319. MOJO M-01 Half-head/Open face, no windshield, large size

320. N08 321. N010 322. N011 323. N012


324. N015 325.

NAPOLI

N02 Half-head/Open face, small size 326. KS3 327.

CHANCHU KS4


328. N2 Half-head/Open face, windshield 329. A6 330. A7 331. A4 332. A5 333. A8 334. A9


335.

SUNLUX

T1 Half-head/Open face, large size, windshield

336. N2 Half-head/Open face, windshield 337. A6 338. A7 339. A4 340. A5 341. A8 342. A9


343.

NASSZA

T1 Half-head/Open face, large size, windshield

344. ATP 01 345. ATP M06 346. ATP A02 347.

ATP HELMETS

ATP V05


348. 821 349.

CARTING (imported from China)

N923 Half-head/Open face; Full face

350. SUFAT MBH01 Half-head/Open face 351. HH666 Half-head/Open face, large size 352.

ARAYA/ MR.LIÊM/ HELLO

HH001 Half-head/Open face, small size

353. YNG HUA 306 Half-head/Open face, windshield,

No. Brand Serie Type 354. 816 large size 355. 817 356.

920


357. A1 358.

ADESS HELMET

A2 Half-head/Open face, no windshield, large size

359. ROCK HARD HELMET

DL 01 Half-head/Open face, lưỡi trai liền, large size

360. DULI HELMET DL 02 Half-head/Open face, large size 361. A1 362.

ASIAN A2


363. ATNo4-BBB 364.

BBB ATNo11-BBB


365. PILOT A1 Half-head/Open face, large size 366. NBH 003 367. NBH 007 368. NBH 013 369. NBH 002 370. NBH 024


371. NBH 026 Half-head/Open face, large size 372. NBH 30 Half-head/Open face, large size,

no windshield 373.

Mr.VUI

NBH 032 Half-head/Open face, large size, windshield

374. FUTURE BT3 Half-head/Open face, large size 375. AT1 376. AT4 377. AT7 378. AT11 379.

NAKO

AT8


380. 626 381. 629 382. 625 383. 630 384. 632 385. 633


386. 623 Half-head/Open face, large size 387.

SUNSET/ TP-1

631 Half-head/Open face, medium size

388. TB3 Half-head/Open face, large size 389. TB1 390.

NASA/ THABICO

TB2 Half-head/Open face, small size

391. TVP-VIA 01 392. TVP-VIA 03 393.

TVP

TVP-VIA 05


394. VINARO V 201 Half-head/Open face, large size 395. A 102 396. A 760 397.

GRS

A 33


No. Brand Serie Type 398. CH-201 399. CS-2N

Half-head/Open face

400. CL-33 Half-head/Open face 401. IS-33 Half-head/Open face, windshield 402. IS2 403. VH11 404. VH10Y

Half-head/Open face

405.

HJC

V0-10 Half-head/Open face, windshield 406. BH 04 PU 407. BH 05 PU 408. BH 01 PU 409. BH 04 410.

VAC

BH 05


411. HT06 412.

SAFETY/ HUTICO HT07


413. SA03 414.

SAPPHIRE SA 04


415. LA 02 416. LA 03 417. LA 01 418.

LIAN

LA 05


419. N1 420.

SUPERB N2


421. TP-01 Half-head/Open face 422. TP-04 423.

TIẾN PHÚ

TP-05 424. DP-001 425. DP-002 426. DP-003 427.

DELTA

DP-006

Half-head/Open face, large size, no windshield Half-head/Open face, large size, no windshield

428. A1 429. A4 430. A7 431.

VILFA

A8


432. 337 Half-head/Open face, large size, no windshield

433. A 33 Half-head/Open face, large size, no windshield

434.

BIG-1 (imported from China)

A 63 Full face, large size, no windshield

435. B 811 436. B 817 437.

B’color B 821


438. APOLLO HELMET (imported from Malaysia)

- Half-head/Open face, large size, no windshield

439. TP-68 440.

CANARY TP-69


441. ROYAL HELMET 322 Half-head/Open face, large size,

No. Brand Serie Type no windshield

442. QN 03 443.

LEGO QN 04


444. 26 COMPANY BH-26 Half-head/Open face

Appendix 2. Testing results – Exchange survey

Legend for helmet type: T=Tropical; C=Cap style ; H/O= Half-head/Open face; F=Full face Qualified (Yes / No) No. Province Helmet

type Brand Parts Weight Size Impact Overall

1 Bac Giang T CHITA/ OMONO/ SAFE Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 2 Bac Giang T DULEX Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 Bac Giang T HONDA Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Bac Giang T SUNLUX Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 Bac Giang T SUNLUX Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Bac Giang T HITECH Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Bac Giang T ASIAMOTO/ASIAHELMET Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Bac Giang T ASIAMOTO/ASIAHELMET Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 Bac Giang T NAPOLI Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

10 Bac Giang T AMOTOR Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 11 Bac Giang T HAMIN Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

12 Bac Giang T NANA FASHION/ WOOHOO/MIKKO

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

13 Bac Giang T AMOTOR Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 14 Bac Giang T HSL Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 15 Bac Giang T AMOTO Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 16 Bac Giang T DETECH Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 17 Bac Giang T KINOTA Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 18 Bac Giang T JANPO Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 19 Bac Giang T PROTEC Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 20 Bac Giang T SUNLUX Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 21 Bac Giang T ASIAMOTO/ASIAHELMET Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 22 Bac Giang T KINOTA Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 23 Bac Giang T KINOTA Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 24 Bac Giang T SUNLUX Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 25 Bac Giang T KINOTA Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 26 Bac Giang T SMART Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 27 Bac Giang T DULEX Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 28 Bac Giang T SUNLUX Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 29 Bac Giang T SAVA Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 30 Bac Giang T CROWN Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 31 Bac Giang T ATTILA/ ATILA Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 32 Bac Giang T CHITA/ OMONO/ SAFE Yes Yes Yes No No 33 Bac Giang T KINOTA Yes Yes Yes No No 34 Bac Giang T INDES Yes Yes Yes No No 35 Bac Giang T HONDA Yes Yes Yes No No 36 Bac Giang T BKTEC Yes Yes Yes No No 37 Bac Giang T SUZUKI Yes Yes Yes No No 38 Bac Giang T FASHION HELMET Yes Yes Yes No No 39 Bac Giang T HONDA Yes Yes Yes No No 40 Bac Giang T YONGHENG Yes Yes Yes No No 41 Bac Giang T AZURA Yes Yes Yes No No 42 Bac Giang T AZURA Yes Yes Yes No No

Qualified (Yes / No) No. Province Helmet type Brand

Parts Weight Size Impact Overall 43 Bac Giang T NO NAME + Misc. Yes Yes Yes No No 44 Bac Giang T KAIKEPAI (KK) Yes Yes Yes No No 45 Bac Giang T INDES Yes Yes Yes No No 46 Bac Giang T NO NAME + Misc. Yes Yes Yes No No 47 Bac Giang T AMONO Yes Yes Yes No No 48 Bac Giang T KINOTA Yes Yes Yes No No 49 Bac Giang T JANPO Yes Yes Yes No No 50 Bac Giang T NO NAME + Misc. Yes Yes Yes No No 51 Bac Giang T AMARO Yes Yes Yes No No 52 Bac Giang T SKY Yes Yes Yes No No 53 Bac Giang T GRS Yes Yes Yes No No 54 Bac Giang T ANDES/ZEUS/HEROS/SUNDA Yes Yes Yes No No 55 Bac Giang T HONDA Yes Yes Yes No No 56 Bac Giang T AMORO Yes Yes Yes No No 57 Bac Giang T NGHIA PHAT Yes Yes Yes No No 58 Bac Giang T YAVINA Yes Yes Yes No No 59 Bac Giang T FASHION HELMET Yes Yes Yes No No 60 Bac Giang T AMORO Yes Yes Yes No No 61 Bac Giang T SAKOU Yes Yes Yes No No 62 Bac Giang T AMORO Yes Yes Yes No No 63 Bac Giang T ALIBABA Yes Yes Yes No No 64 Bac Giang T INDES Yes Yes Yes No No 65 Bac Giang T JANPO Yes Yes Yes No No 66 Bac Giang T HONDA Yes Yes Yes No No 67 Bac Giang T HONDA Yes Yes Yes No No 68 Bac Giang T AMARO Yes Yes Yes No No 69 Bac Giang T KINOTA Yes Yes Yes No No 70 Bac Giang T ATTILA/ ATILA Yes Yes Yes No No 71 Bac Giang T HONDA Yes Yes Yes No No 72 Bac Giang T KINOTA Yes Yes Yes No No 73 Bac Giang T HF Yes Yes Yes No No 74 Bac Giang T SUZUKI Yes Yes Yes No No 75 Bac Giang T ATTILA/ ATILA Yes Yes Yes No No 76 Bac Giang T SUZUKI Yes Yes Yes No No 77 Bac Giang T SUZUKI Yes Yes Yes No No 78 Bac Giang T INDES Yes Yes Yes No No 79 Bac Giang T AMARO Yes Yes Yes No No 80 Bac Giang T ANDES/ZEUS/HEROS/SUNDA Yes Yes Yes No No 81 Bac Giang T VIA Yes Yes Yes No No 82 Bac Giang T VIMAX Yes Yes Yes No No 83 Bac Giang T ATTILA/ ATILA Yes Yes Yes No No 84 Bac Giang T SUZUKI Yes Yes Yes No No 85 Bac Giang T HONDA Yes Yes Yes No No 86 Bac Giang T YAMAHA Yes Yes Yes No No 87 Bac Giang T AMARO Yes Yes Yes No No 88 Bac Giang T NO NAME + Misc. Yes Yes Yes No No


Parts Weight Size Impact Overall 89 Bac Giang T DULEX Yes Yes Yes No No 90 Bac Giang T BIANCO Yes Yes Yes No No 91 Bac Giang T ATTILA/ ATILA Yes Yes Yes No No 92 Bac Giang T SUZUKI Yes Yes Yes No No 93 Bac Giang T YAMAHA Yes Yes Yes No No 94 Bac Giang T TVP Yes Yes Yes No No 95 Bac Giang T ATTILA/ ATILA Yes Yes Yes No No 96 Bac Giang T NAPOLI Yes Yes Yes No No 97 Bac Giang T CASINO Yes Yes Yes No No 98 Bac Giang T FASHION HELMET Yes Yes Yes No No 99 Bac Giang T DULEX Yes Yes Yes No No

100 Bac Giang T NO NAME + Misc. Yes Yes Yes No No 101 Bac Giang T AMONO Yes Yes Yes No No 102 Bac Giang T CASINO Yes Yes Yes No No 103 Bac Giang T LOCKEY Yes Yes Yes No No 104 Bac Giang T DULEX Yes Yes Yes No No 105 Bac Giang T LUCKY STAR Yes Yes Yes No No 106 Bac Giang T FASHION HELMET Yes Yes Yes No No 107 Bac Giang T YAMAHA Yes Yes Yes No No 108 Bac Giang T HONDA Yes Yes Yes No No 109 Bac Giang T YAMAHA Yes Yes Yes No No 110 Bac Giang T LONG HUEI Yes Yes Yes No No 111 Bac Giang T ATTILA/ ATILA Yes Yes Yes No No 112 Bac Giang T DULEX Yes Yes Yes No No 113 Bac Giang T KINOTA Yes Yes Yes No No 114 Bac Giang T DULEX Yes Yes Yes No No 115 Bac Giang T REBEL Yes Yes Yes No No 116 Bac Giang T HONDA Yes Yes Yes No No 117 Bac Giang T SUZUKI Yes Yes Yes No No 118 Bac Giang T SUZUKI Yes Yes Yes No No 119 Bac Giang T VIMAX Yes Yes Yes No No 120 Bac Giang T MORNING Yes Yes Yes No No 121 Bac Giang T KAIKEPAI (KK) Yes Yes Yes No No 122 Bac Giang T HONDA Yes Yes Yes No No 123 Bac Giang T NAPOLI Yes Yes Yes No No 124 Bac Giang T YAMAHA Yes Yes Yes No No 125 Bac Giang T TVP Yes Yes Yes No No 126 Bac Giang T YNGHUA Yes Yes Yes No No 127 Bac Giang T DULEX Yes Yes Yes No No 128 Bac Giang T H&H Yes Yes No Yes Yes 129 Bac Giang T H&H Yes Yes No Yes Yes 130 Bac Giang T H&H Yes Yes No Yes Yes 131 Bac Giang T H&H Yes Yes No Yes Yes 132 Bac Giang T H&H Yes Yes No No No 133 Bac Giang T GRS Yes Yes No No No 134 Bac Giang T NAPOLI Yes Yes No No No


Parts Weight Size Impact Overall 135 Bac Giang T NAPOLI Yes Yes No No No 136 Bac Giang T NAPOLI Yes Yes No No No 137 Bac Giang T H&H Yes Yes No No No 138 Bac Giang T NAPOLI Yes Yes No No No 139 Bac Giang T H&H Yes Yes No No No 140 Bac Giang T HONDA No No 141 Bac Giang T AMOTO No No 142 Bac Giang T SUNLUX No No 143 Bac Giang T INDES No No 144 Bac Giang T YNGHUA No Yes Yes No No 145 Bac Giang T AZURA No Yes Yes No No 146 Bac Giang H/O SAFETY/HUTICO Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 147 Bac Giang H/O SAFETY/HUTICO Yes Yes Yes No No 148 Bac Giang H/O VISOREX Yes Yes Yes No No 149 Bac Giang H/O AMORO Yes Yes Yes No No 150 Bac Giang H/O DETECH Yes Yes Yes No No 151 Bac Giang H/O HANEL Yes Yes Yes No No 152 Bac Giang H/O AMORO Yes Yes Yes No No 153 Bac Giang H/O HSL Yes Yes Yes No No 154 Bac Giang H/O APOLLO HELMET Yes Yes Yes No No 155 Bac Giang H/O AMORO Yes Yes Yes No No 156 Bac Giang H/O AMORO Yes Yes Yes No No 157 Bac Giang H/O NIPPON Yes Yes Yes No No 158 Bac Giang H/O AMORO Yes Yes Yes No No 159 Bac Giang H/O AMORO Yes Yes Yes No No 160 Bac Giang F LUCKY Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 161 Bac Giang F AMORO Yes Yes Yes No No 162 Bac Giang F AMORO Yes Yes Yes No No 163 Bac Giang F SUNJING Yes Yes Yes No No 164 Bac Giang F AMORO Yes Yes Yes No No 165 Bac Giang F AMORO No Yes Yes No No 166 Bac Giang C NO NAME ('hard') Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 167 Bac Giang C NO NAME ('soft') Yes Yes Yes No No 168 Bac Giang C NO NAME ('hard') No No 169 Bac Giang C NO NAME ('hard') No No 170 Bac Giang C NO NAME ('soft') No No 171 Bac Giang C NO NAME ('hard') No No 172 Bac Giang C NO NAME ('hard') No No 173 Bac Giang C NO NAME ('hard') No No 174 Bac Giang C NO NAME ('hard') No No 175 Bac Giang C NO NAME ('hard') No No 176 Bac Giang C NO NAME ('soft') No No 177 Bac Giang C NO NAME ('hard') No No 178 Bac Giang C NO NAME ('hard') No No 179 Bac Giang C NO NAME ('soft') No No 180 Bac Giang C NO NAME ('hard') No No


Parts Weight Size Impact Overall 181 Bac Giang C NO NAME ('soft') No No 182 Bac Giang C NO NAME ('soft') No No 183 Bac Giang C NO NAME ('soft') No No 184 Bac Giang C NO NAME ('hard') No No 185 Bac Giang C NO NAME ('hard') No No 186 Bac Giang C NO NAME ('soft') No No 187 Bac Giang C NO NAME ('hard') No No 188 Bac Giang C NO NAME ('hard') No No 189 Bac Giang C NO NAME ('hard') No No 190 Bac Giang C NO NAME ('soft') No No 191 Bac Giang C NO NAME ('hard') No Yes No No No 192 Bac Giang C NO NAME ('hard') No Yes No No No 193 Bac Giang C NO NAME ('soft') No Yes No No No

1 Ha Nam T NO NAME + Misc. 2 Ha Nam T NO NAME + Misc. Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 Ha Nam T OSAKAR Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Ha Nam T PROTEC Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 Ha Nam T VIET NHAT Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Ha Nam T SMART Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Ha Nam T MINH PHONG Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Ha Nam T AMORO Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 Ha Nam T AMORO Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

10 Ha Nam T AJINO (CTY XI MANG BUT

SON) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

11 Ha Nam T AJINO Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 12 Ha Nam T PROTEC Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 13 Ha Nam T NO NAME + Misc. Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 14 Ha Nam T PROTEC Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 15 Ha Nam T YAMAHA Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 16 Ha Nam T ANDES/ZEUS/HEROS/SUNDA Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 17 Ha Nam T STAR HELMET Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 18 Ha Nam T VIET NHAT Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 19 Ha Nam T NGOC HAI FASHION Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 20 Ha Nam T VIMAX Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 21 Ha Nam T HSL Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 22 Ha Nam T PROTEST (HIEP HUNG) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 23 Ha Nam T BKTEC Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 24 Ha Nam T AJINO Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 25 Ha Nam T DULEX Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

26 Ha Nam T NANA FASHION/ WOOHOO/MIKKO Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

27 Ha Nam T PROTEC Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 28 Ha Nam T AJINO Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 29 Ha Nam T HONDA Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 30 Ha Nam T VIET NHAT Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 31 Ha Nam T PROTEC Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 32 Ha Nam T VIA HELMET Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes


Parts Weight Size Impact Overall 33 Ha Nam T SANDA Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 34 Ha Nam T HONDA Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 35 Ha Nam T VIMAX Yes Yes Yes No No 36 Ha Nam T NO NAME + Misc. Yes Yes Yes No No 37 Ha Nam T NO NAME + Misc. Yes Yes Yes No No 38 Ha Nam T AMARO Yes Yes Yes No No 39 Ha Nam T KINOTA Yes Yes Yes No No 40 Ha Nam T VIMAX Yes Yes Yes No No 41 Ha Nam T VIET NHAT Yes Yes Yes No No 42 Ha Nam T AMORO Yes Yes Yes No No 43 Ha Nam T REBEL Yes Yes Yes No No 44 Ha Nam T SAFE HELMET Yes Yes Yes No No 45 Ha Nam T HONDA Yes Yes Yes No No 46 Ha Nam T AZURA Yes Yes Yes No No 47 Ha Nam T AMORO Yes Yes Yes No No 48 Ha Nam T AMORO Yes Yes Yes No No 49 Ha Nam T AZURA Yes Yes Yes No No 50 Ha Nam T STAR HELMET Yes Yes Yes No No 51 Ha Nam T AMORO Yes Yes Yes No No 52 Ha Nam T SUFAT Yes Yes Yes No No 53 Ha Nam T AMORO Yes Yes Yes No No 54 Ha Nam T HSL Yes Yes Yes No No 55 Ha Nam T SUFAT Yes Yes Yes No No 56 Ha Nam T AMORO Yes Yes Yes No No 57 Ha Nam T DULEX Yes Yes Yes No No 58 Ha Nam T BKTEC Yes Yes Yes No No 59 Ha Nam T AIKAI (AK) (CO KINH) Yes Yes Yes No No 60 Ha Nam T ATTILA/ ATILA Yes Yes Yes No No 61 Ha Nam T NO NAME + Misc. Yes Yes Yes No No 62 Ha Nam T AMARO Yes Yes Yes No No 63 Ha Nam T HAE SUN Yes Yes Yes No No 64 Ha Nam T INDES Yes Yes Yes No No 65 Ha Nam T TRUONG THINH Yes Yes Yes No No 66 Ha Nam T NO NAME + Misc. Yes Yes Yes No No 67 Ha Nam T AMARO Yes Yes Yes No No 68 Ha Nam T SUZUKI Yes Yes Yes No No 69 Ha Nam T VINH DUNG Yes Yes Yes No No 70 Ha Nam T AIKAI (AK) (CO KINH) Yes Yes Yes No No 71 Ha Nam T X MOTOR Yes Yes Yes No No 72 Ha Nam T ATTILA/ ATILA Yes Yes Yes No No 73 Ha Nam T NO NAME + Misc. Yes Yes Yes No No 74 Ha Nam T AMORO Yes Yes Yes No No 75 Ha Nam T KINOTA Yes Yes Yes No No

76 Ha Nam T NANA FASHION/ WOOHOO/MIKKO

Yes Yes Yes No No

77 Ha Nam T CORAL HELMET Yes Yes Yes No No


Parts Weight Size Impact Overall 78 Ha Nam T AIKAI (AK) Yes Yes Yes No No 79 Ha Nam T GRS Yes Yes Yes No No 80 Ha Nam T MORNING Yes Yes Yes No No 81 Ha Nam T INDES Yes Yes Yes No No 82 Ha Nam T ATTILA/ ATILA Yes Yes Yes No No

83 Ha Nam T NEW FASHION (NGHIA

PHAT) Yes Yes Yes No No

84 Ha Nam T SUZUKI Yes Yes Yes No No 85 Ha Nam T HD Yes Yes Yes No No 86 Ha Nam T GRS Yes Yes Yes No No 87 Ha Nam T JANPO Yes Yes Yes No No 88 Ha Nam T NO NAME + Misc. Yes Yes Yes No No 89 Ha Nam T SAPPHIRE Yes Yes Yes No No 90 Ha Nam T AMORO Yes Yes Yes No No 91 Ha Nam T AIKAI (AK) Yes Yes Yes No No 92 Ha Nam T ASIAMOTO/ASIAHELMET Yes Yes Yes No No 93 Ha Nam T OMONO Yes Yes Yes No No 94 Ha Nam T FASHION HELMET Yes Yes Yes No No 95 Ha Nam T NO NAME + Misc. Yes Yes Yes No No 96 Ha Nam T KANO Yes Yes Yes No No 97 Ha Nam T FASHION HELMET Yes Yes Yes No No 98 Ha Nam T OSAKAR Yes Yes Yes No No

99 Ha Nam T NANA FASHION/ WOOHOO/MIKKO Yes Yes Yes No No

100 Ha Nam T HONDA Yes Yes Yes No No 101 Ha Nam T ATTILA/ ATILA Yes Yes Yes No No 102 Ha Nam T SAFE HELMET Yes Yes Yes No No 103 Ha Nam T HF Yes Yes Yes No No 104 Ha Nam T YAMAHA Yes Yes Yes No No 105 Ha Nam T GM Yes Yes Yes No No 106 Ha Nam T H&H Yes Yes Yes No No 107 Ha Nam T YAVINA Yes Yes Yes No No 108 Ha Nam T MAI DINH PHONG Yes Yes Yes No No 109 Ha Nam T SITACO (CTY SY TAM) Yes Yes Yes No No 110 Ha Nam T AMORO Yes Yes Yes No No 111 Ha Nam T NO NAME + Misc. Yes Yes Yes No No

112 Ha Nam T NANA FASHION/ WOOHOO/MIKKO

Yes Yes Yes No No

113 Ha Nam T AMARO Yes Yes Yes No No 114 Ha Nam T AMALO Yes Yes Yes No No 115 Ha Nam T AZURA Yes Yes Yes No No 116 Ha Nam T AMARO Yes Yes Yes No No 117 Ha Nam T NO NAME + Misc. Yes Yes Yes No No 118 Ha Nam T ATTILA/ ATILA Yes Yes Yes No No 119 Ha Nam T AZURA Yes Yes Yes No No 120 Ha Nam T ATTILA/ ATILA Yes Yes Yes No No 121 Ha Nam T AIKAI (AK) Yes Yes Yes No No


Parts Weight Size Impact Overall 122 Ha Nam T AMARO Yes Yes Yes No No 123 Ha Nam T AMORO Yes Yes No Yes Yes 124 Ha Nam T NAPOLI Yes Yes No Yes Yes 125 Ha Nam T NAPOLI Yes Yes No No No 126 Ha Nam T NAPOLI Yes Yes No No No 127 Ha Nam T H&H Yes Yes No No No 128 Ha Nam T NAPOLI Yes Yes No No No 129 Ha Nam T SANDA No No 130 Ha Nam T ANDES/ZEUS/HEROS/SUNDA No No 131 Ha Nam T SUFAT No No 132 Ha Nam T TRUONG THINH No No 133 Ha Nam T AMORO No No 134 Ha Nam T EVO No Yes Yes No No 135 Ha Nam T YONGXING No Yes Yes No No 136 Ha Nam T JITIAN No Yes Yes No No 137 Ha Nam T AMORO No Yes Yes No No 138 Ha Nam T AMORO No Yes Yes No No 139 Ha Nam T AMALO No Yes Yes No No 140 Ha Nam T HONDA No Yes Yes No No 141 Ha Nam H/O AZURA Yes Yes Yes No No 142 Ha Nam H/O AZURA Yes Yes Yes No No 143 Ha Nam H/O LUCKY Yes Yes Yes No No 144 Ha Nam H/O NO NAME + Misc. Yes Yes Yes No No 145 Ha Nam H/O AMORO Yes Yes Yes No No 146 Ha Nam H/O YAMAHA Yes Yes Yes No No 147 Ha Nam H/O AMORO Yes Yes Yes No No 148 Ha Nam H/O AMORO Yes Yes Yes No No 149 Ha Nam H/O AZURA Yes Yes Yes No No 150 Ha Nam H/O AZURA Yes Yes Yes No No 151 Ha Nam H/O AZURA Yes Yes Yes No No 152 Ha Nam H/O AMORO Yes Yes Yes No No 153 Ha Nam H/O AZURA Yes Yes Yes No No 154 Ha Nam H/O AMORO Yes Yes Yes No No 155 Ha Nam H/O AZURA No Yes Yes No No 156 Ha Nam H/O AZURA No Yes Yes No No 157 Ha Nam H/O AZURA No Yes Yes No No 158 Ha Nam F VR HELMET (CO KINH) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 159 Ha Nam F LUCKY Yes Yes Yes No No 160 Ha Nam F AMORO Yes Yes Yes No No 161 Ha Nam F TQS Yes Yes Yes No No 162 Ha Nam C NO NAME ('soft') Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 163 Ha Nam C NO NAME ('soft') Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 164 Ha Nam C NO NAME ('soft') Yes Yes Yes No No 165 Ha Nam C NO NAME ('soft') Yes Yes Yes No No 166 Ha Nam C NO NAME ('soft') Yes Yes No Yes Yes 167 Ha Nam C NO NAME ('soft') No No


Parts Weight Size Impact Overall 168 Ha Nam C NO NAME ('soft') No No 169 Ha Nam C NO NAME ('soft') No No 170 Ha Nam C NO NAME ('soft') No No 171 Ha Nam C NO NAME ('soft') No No 172 Ha Nam C NO NAME ('soft') No No 173 Ha Nam C NO NAME ('soft') No No 174 Ha Nam C NO NAME ('soft') No No 175 Ha Nam C NO NAME ('hard') No No 176 Ha Nam C NO NAME ('soft') No No 177 Ha Nam C NO NAME ('soft') No No 178 Ha Nam C NO NAME ('hard') No No 179 Ha Nam C NO NAME ('hard') No No 180 Ha Nam C NO NAME ('hard') No No 181 Ha Nam C NO NAME ('soft') No No 182 Ha Nam C NO NAME ('soft') No No 183 Ha Nam C NO NAME ('soft') No Yes No No No 184 Ha Nam C NO NAME ('hard') No Yes No No No 185 Ha Nam C NO NAME ('soft') No Yes No No No 186 Ha Nam C NO NAME ('soft') No Yes No No No 187 Ha Nam C NO NAME ('soft') No Yes No No No 188 Ha Nam C NO NAME ('soft') No Yes No No No 189 Ha Nam C NO NAME ('hard') No Yes No No No 190 Ha Nam C NO NAME ('soft') No Yes No No No 191 Ha Nam C NO NAME ('hard') No Yes No No No 192 Ha Nam C NO NAME ('soft') No Yes No No No

1 Ninh Binh T CHITA/ OMONO/ SAFE Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 2 Ninh Binh T REBEL Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 Ninh Binh T GRS Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Ninh Binh T HITECH Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 Ninh Binh T HONDA Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Ninh Binh T SUMIKURA Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Ninh Binh T SUZUKI Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Ninh Binh T HANEL Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 Ninh Binh T BKTEC Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

10 Ninh Binh T PROTEC Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 11 Ninh Binh T CHITA/ OMONO/ SAFE Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 12 Ninh Binh T LOCKEY Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 13 Ninh Binh T VIMAX Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 14 Ninh Binh T ASIAMOTO/ASIAHELMET Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 15 Ninh Binh T ASIAMOTO/ASIAHELMET Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 16 Ninh Binh T SAFETY/HUTICO Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 17 Ninh Binh T PROTEC Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 18 Ninh Binh T VIMAX Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 19 Ninh Binh T ROCK HARD HELMET Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 20 Ninh Binh T VIMAX Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 21 Ninh Binh T ROCK HARD HELMET Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes


Parts Weight Size Impact Overall 22 Ninh Binh T DULEX Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 23 Ninh Binh T BKTEC Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 24 Ninh Binh T KIRIN Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 25 Ninh Binh T YAMAHA Yes Yes Yes No No 26 Ninh Binh T NO NAME + Misc. Yes Yes Yes No No 27 Ninh Binh T KIRIN Yes Yes Yes No No 28 Ninh Binh T VIMAX Yes Yes Yes No No 29 Ninh Binh T ATTILA/ ATILA Yes Yes Yes No No 30 Ninh Binh T THABICO Yes Yes Yes No No 31 Ninh Binh T AMORO Yes Yes Yes No No 32 Ninh Binh T AMORO Yes Yes Yes No No 33 Ninh Binh T V-TECH (AAA) Yes Yes Yes No No 34 Ninh Binh T AMORO Yes Yes Yes No No 35 Ninh Binh T SMART Yes Yes Yes No No 36 Ninh Binh T ATTILA/ ATILA Yes Yes Yes No No 37 Ninh Binh T ATTILA/ ATILA Yes Yes Yes No No 38 Ninh Binh T AMORO Yes Yes Yes No No 39 Ninh Binh T NO NAME + Misc. Yes Yes Yes No No 40 Ninh Binh T AMORO Yes Yes Yes No No 41 Ninh Binh T NO NAME + Misc. Yes Yes Yes No No 42 Ninh Binh T AMORO Yes Yes Yes No No 43 Ninh Binh T ANDES/ZEUS/HEROS/SUNDA Yes Yes Yes No No 44 Ninh Binh T AMORO Yes Yes Yes No No 45 Ninh Binh T ANDES/ZEUS/HEROS/SUNDA Yes Yes Yes No No 46 Ninh Binh T ATTILA/ ATILA Yes Yes Yes No No 47 Ninh Binh T YAMAHA Yes Yes Yes No No 48 Ninh Binh T OSAKAR Yes Yes Yes No No 49 Ninh Binh T NO NAME + Misc. Yes Yes Yes No No 50 Ninh Binh T AMOTO Yes Yes Yes No No 51 Ninh Binh T AIKAI (AK) Yes Yes Yes No No 52 Ninh Binh T DUY TAN Yes Yes Yes No No 53 Ninh Binh T REBEL Yes Yes Yes No No 54 Ninh Binh T YAMAHA Yes Yes Yes No No 55 Ninh Binh T HONDA Yes Yes Yes No No 56 Ninh Binh T REBEL Yes Yes Yes No No 57 Ninh Binh T NO NAME + Misc. Yes Yes Yes No No 58 Ninh Binh T DULEX Yes Yes Yes No No 59 Ninh Binh T VIC Yes Yes Yes No No 60 Ninh Binh T ATTILA/ ATILA Yes Yes Yes No No 61 Ninh Binh T KIRIN Yes Yes Yes No No 62 Ninh Binh T SUZUKI Yes Yes Yes No No 63 Ninh Binh T V-TECH (AAA) Yes Yes Yes No No 64 Ninh Binh T AMORO Yes Yes Yes No No 65 Ninh Binh T AMORO Yes Yes Yes No No 66 Ninh Binh T GRS Yes Yes Yes No No 67 Ninh Binh T FASHION HELMET Yes Yes Yes No No


Parts Weight Size Impact Overall 68 Ninh Binh T YAMAHA Yes Yes Yes No No 69 Ninh Binh T AMARO Yes Yes Yes No No 70 Ninh Binh T YONGHENG Yes Yes Yes No No 71 Ninh Binh T AZURA Yes Yes Yes No No 72 Ninh Binh T SUZUKI Yes Yes Yes No No 73 Ninh Binh T AMORO Yes Yes Yes No No 74 Ninh Binh T RACING Yes Yes Yes No No 75 Ninh Binh T AMALO Yes Yes Yes No No 76 Ninh Binh T FASHION HELMET Yes Yes Yes No No 77 Ninh Binh T FASHION HELMET Yes Yes Yes No No 78 Ninh Binh T HONDA Yes Yes Yes No No 79 Ninh Binh T ATTILA/ ATILA Yes Yes Yes No No 80 Ninh Binh T AMALO Yes Yes Yes No No 81 Ninh Binh T LUCKY Yes Yes Yes No No 82 Ninh Binh T ASIAMOTO/ASIAHELMET Yes Yes Yes No No 83 Ninh Binh T ATTILA/ ATILA Yes Yes Yes No No 84 Ninh Binh T ATTILA/ ATILA Yes Yes Yes No No 85 Ninh Binh T FASHION HELMET Yes Yes Yes No No 86 Ninh Binh T INDES Yes Yes Yes No No 87 Ninh Binh T AMALO Yes Yes Yes No No 88 Ninh Binh T GRS Yes Yes Yes No No 89 Ninh Binh T AX HELMET Yes Yes Yes No No 90 Ninh Binh T HONDA Yes Yes Yes No No 91 Ninh Binh T NO NAME + Misc. Yes Yes Yes No No 92 Ninh Binh T ATTILA/ ATILA Yes Yes Yes No No 93 Ninh Binh T NO NAME + Misc. Yes Yes Yes No No 94 Ninh Binh T AMALO Yes Yes Yes No No 95 Ninh Binh T AMALO Yes Yes Yes No No 96 Ninh Binh T AMORO Yes Yes Yes No No 97 Ninh Binh T AMORO Yes Yes Yes No No 98 Ninh Binh T AMARO Yes Yes Yes No No 99 Ninh Binh T ATTILA/ ATILA Yes Yes Yes No No

100 Ninh Binh T VIMAX Yes Yes Yes No No 101 Ninh Binh T HTH Yes Yes Yes No No 102 Ninh Binh T DUY TAN Yes Yes Yes No No 103 Ninh Binh T MOTO HELMET Yes Yes Yes No No 104 Ninh Binh T GRS Yes Yes Yes No No 105 Ninh Binh T SAFE HELMET Yes Yes Yes No No 106 Ninh Binh T ATTILA/ ATILA Yes Yes Yes No No 107 Ninh Binh T AMORO Yes Yes Yes No No 108 Ninh Binh T GRS Yes Yes Yes No No 109 Ninh Binh T MT HELMET Yes Yes Yes No No 110 Ninh Binh T YAMAHA Yes Yes Yes No No 111 Ninh Binh T HONDA Yes Yes Yes No No 112 Ninh Binh T KIRIN Yes Yes Yes No No 113 Ninh Binh T AMORO Yes Yes Yes No No


Parts Weight Size Impact Overall 114 Ninh Binh T AZURA Yes Yes Yes No No 115 Ninh Binh T VIMAX Yes Yes Yes No No 116 Ninh Binh T AMALO Yes Yes Yes No No 117 Ninh Binh T PROTEC Yes Yes Yes No No 118 Ninh Binh T AMORO Yes Yes Yes No No 119 Ninh Binh T SAFE HELMET Yes Yes Yes No No 120 Ninh Binh T AZURA Yes Yes Yes No No 121 Ninh Binh T NAPOLI Yes Yes No No No 122 Ninh Binh T AZURA No No 123 Ninh Binh T ATTILA/ ATILA No No 124 Ninh Binh T AZURA No Yes Yes No No 125 Ninh Binh T NO NAME + Misc. No Yes Yes No No 126 Ninh Binh T AZURA No Yes Yes No No 127 Ninh Binh T AMALO No Yes Yes No No 128 Ninh Binh T AZURA No Yes Yes No No 129 Ninh Binh T ANDES/ZEUS/HEROS/SUNDA No Yes No No No 130 Ninh Binh H/O NO NAME + Misc. Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 131 Ninh Binh H/O AMORO Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 132 Ninh Binh H/O HSL Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 133 Ninh Binh H/O BENLY Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 134 Ninh Binh H/O AMORO Yes Yes Yes No No 135 Ninh Binh H/O NIPA Yes Yes Yes No No 136 Ninh Binh H/O AZURA Yes Yes Yes No No 137 Ninh Binh H/O AMORO Yes Yes Yes No No 138 Ninh Binh H/O NO NAME + Misc. Yes Yes Yes No No 139 Ninh Binh H/O AMORO Yes Yes Yes No No 140 Ninh Binh H/O AMORO Yes Yes Yes No No 141 Ninh Binh H/O NO NAME + Misc. Yes Yes Yes No No 142 Ninh Binh H/O HANEL Yes Yes Yes No No 143 Ninh Binh H/O AMORO Yes Yes Yes No No 144 Ninh Binh H/O NO NAME + Misc. Yes Yes Yes No No 145 Ninh Binh H/O AMORO Yes Yes Yes No No 146 Ninh Binh H/O AZURA Yes Yes Yes No No 147 Ninh Binh H/O AMORO Yes Yes Yes No No 148 Ninh Binh H/O NO NAME + Misc. Yes Yes Yes No No 149 Ninh Binh H/O AZURA Yes Yes Yes No No 150 Ninh Binh H/O NIPA Yes Yes Yes No No 151 Ninh Binh H/O NO NAME + Misc. Yes Yes Yes No No 152 Ninh Binh H/O VIMAX Yes Yes Yes No No 153 Ninh Binh H/O AMORO No No 154 Ninh Binh H/O NO NAME + Misc. No No 155 Ninh Binh H/O AZURA No Yes Yes No No 156 Ninh Binh H/O AZURA No Yes Yes No No 157 Ninh Binh H/O NO NAME + Misc. No Yes Yes No No 158 Ninh Binh F SIMPSON Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 159 Ninh Binh F AZURA Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes


Parts Weight Size Impact Overall 160 Ninh Binh F AZURA Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 161 Ninh Binh F JNTAN Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 162 Ninh Binh F HSL Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 163 Ninh Binh F NO NAME + Misc. Yes Yes Yes No No 164 Ninh Binh F LUCKY Yes Yes Yes No No 165 Ninh Binh F AMORO Yes Yes Yes No No 166 Ninh Binh F ROMA Yes Yes Yes No No 167 Ninh Binh F AMORO Yes Yes Yes No No 168 Ninh Binh C NO NAME ('soft') Yes Yes Yes No No 169 Ninh Binh C NO NAME ('soft') Yes Yes Yes No No 170 Ninh Binh C NO NAME ('soft') Yes Yes Yes No No 171 Ninh Binh C NO NAME ('soft') Yes Yes Yes No No 172 Ninh Binh C NO NAME ('soft') No No 173 Ninh Binh C NO NAME ('hard') No No 174 Ninh Binh C NO NAME ('hard') No No 175 Ninh Binh C NO NAME ('soft') No No 176 Ninh Binh C NO NAME ('soft') No No 177 Ninh Binh C NO NAME ('soft') No No 178 Ninh Binh C NO NAME ('soft') No No 179 Ninh Binh C NO NAME ('soft') No No 180 Ninh Binh C NO NAME ('soft') No No 181 Ninh Binh C NO NAME ('soft') No No 182 Ninh Binh C NO NAME ('soft') No No 183 Ninh Binh C NO NAME ('soft') No No 184 Ninh Binh C NO NAME ('soft') No Yes Yes No No 185 Ninh Binh C NO NAME ('soft') No Yes No No No 186 Ninh Binh C NO NAME ('soft') No Yes No No No 187 Ninh Binh C NO NAME ('soft') No Yes No No No 188 Ninh Binh C NO NAME ('soft') No Yes No No No 189 Ninh Binh C NO NAME ('soft') No Yes No No No 190 Ninh Binh C NO NAME ('soft') No Yes No No No 191 Ninh Binh C NO NAME ('soft') No Yes No No No 192 Ninh Binh C NO NAME ('soft') No Yes No No No 193 Ninh Binh C NO NAME ('soft') No Yes No No No 194 Ninh Binh C NO NAME ('hard') No Yes No No No 195 Ninh Binh C NO NAME ('hard') No Yes No No No 196 Ninh Binh C NO NAME ('soft') No Yes No No No 197 Ninh Binh C NO NAME ('soft') No Yes No No No

Appendix 3. Testing results – Market survey

Qualified (Yes / No) No. Helmet type Brand

Parts Weight Size Impact Overall 1 T VR1/EPIC/ACE/MARUSHIN/ ZOOM Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 2 T HONDA Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 T HONDA Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

4 T ANDES/ZEUS/HEROS/SIMPSON/ SUNDA/CROMO

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

5 T ANDES/ZEUS/HEROS/SIMPSON/ SUNDA/CROMO Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes


Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes


Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

8 T PROTEC Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 T PROTEC Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

10 T PROTEC Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 11 T OSAKA Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 12 T OSAKA Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 13 T AZURA Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 14 T DULEX Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 15 T BKTEC Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 16 T BKTEC Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 17 T AMORO Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 18 T HSL Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 19 T HSL Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 20 T HSL Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 21 T HSL Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 22 T HSL Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 23 T BIG-1 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 24 T OSAKA Yes Yes Yes No No 25 T OSAKA Yes Yes Yes No No 26 T AZURA Yes Yes Yes No No 27 T AZURA Yes Yes Yes No No 28 T KINOTA/KNT/BITACO/ORENCO Yes Yes Yes No No 29 T BKTEC Yes Yes Yes No No 30 T ASIAMOTO Yes Yes Yes No No 31 T AMORO Yes Yes Yes No No 32 T HSL Yes Yes Yes No No 33 T HSL Yes Yes Yes No No 34 T NANA FASHION Yes Yes Yes No No


Yes Yes Yes No No

36 T OSAKA Yes Yes Yes No No 37 T OSAKA Yes Yes Yes No No 38 T OSAKA Yes Yes Yes No No 39 T OSAKA Yes Yes Yes No No 40 T OSAKA Yes Yes Yes No No

Qualified (Yes / No) No. Helmet type Brand

Parts Weight Size Impact Overall 41 T AZURA Yes Yes Yes No No 42 T DULEX Yes Yes Yes No No 43 T KINOTA/KNT/BITACO/ORENCO Yes Yes Yes No No 44 T KINOTA/KNT/BITACO/ORENCO Yes Yes Yes No No 45 T BKTEC Yes Yes Yes No No 46 T BKTEC Yes Yes Yes No No 47 T BKTEC Yes Yes Yes No No 48 T BKTEC Yes Yes Yes No No 49 T BKTEC Yes Yes Yes No No 50 T BKTEC Yes Yes Yes No No 51 T ASIAMOTO Yes Yes Yes No No 52 T ASIAMOTO Yes Yes Yes No No 53 T ASIAMOTO Yes Yes Yes No No 54 T ASIAMOTO Yes Yes Yes No No 55 T NON SON Yes Yes Yes No No 56 T NON SON Yes Yes Yes No No 57 T NAPOLI Yes Yes Yes No No 58 T NAPOLI Yes Yes Yes No No 59 T NANA FASHION Yes Yes Yes No No 60 T ROYAL Yes Yes Yes No No 61 H/O HONDA Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

62 H/O ANDES/ZEUS/HEROS/SIMPSON/ SUNDA/CROMO

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes


Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes


Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

65 H/O HSL Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 66 H/O BIG-1 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes


Yes Yes Yes No No

68 H/O AMORO Yes Yes Yes No No 69 H/O HSL Yes Yes Yes No No 70 H/O AMORO No Yes Yes No No

71 F ANDES/ZEUS/HEROS/SIMPSON/ SUNDA/CROMO Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

72 F ANDES/ZEUS/HEROS/SIMPSON/ SUNDA/CROMO

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

73 F AZURA Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 74 F AZURA Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 75 F HSL Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 76 F HSL Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 77 F CARTING Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 78 F CARTING Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 79 C OSAKA Yes Yes Yes No No 80 C OSAKA Yes Yes Yes No No

Annex 3 Responses to questionnaire

Question # Indicator Ha Nam Ninh Binh Bac Giang Total N % N % N % N % A1 Survey location Gender Male Female total Age group <26 27-36 37-46 47-56 57-66 >66 total Education no school some school prmary school secondary school high school vocational college/university/higher total Occupation paid job free job student housework retire

unemployment other total ETC ETC

Documents

Study on Motorcycle Helmet Quality in Viet Nam