Study on Green GDP of Forest Accounting in Hainan Island in

China

Dr. Prof. Zhang YingCollege of Economics and Management, B

eijing Forestry UniversityTel:+86-10-62338840Fax:+86-10-62337674

E-mail:zhangyin@bjfu.edu.cn

OUTLINEOUTLINE

• 1. Introduction• 2. Status of Forest Resources in Hainan Island • 3. Classification of Assets in Accounting• 4. Physical Accounts for Accounting• 5. Monetary Accounts for Accounting• 6. The Green GDP Accounting for Forests • 7. Results• 8. Conclusion

1 Introduction

2 Status of Forest Resources in Hainan Island

• 2.1 Forest Land Resource• Hainan Island has a tota1 land area of 3392373.3

ha. According to the data of 1996, it has land for forest 1,820,8423 ha, accounting for 53.7% of the total land area.

• 2.2 Volumes of Tropical Forests• (1) Commercial Forest• Among the total volume of commercia1 forest, 16.

657 million m3 are timber forest (98.5%), and the timber vo1ume of fuel wood is only l.5%.

• (2) Ecological Forest • The total area is over 870,000 ha, accounting for 25.67

o of the tota1 1and area of Hainan. The standing timber volume is 70.896 million m3, accounting for 78.5% of the province’s tota1 stock.

• (3) Economic Forest• Hainan province has about 6700 ha rubber plantations

need to be regenerated, yielding about 400,000 m3 rubber wood.

• (4) Tropical Plantation Forest• At present, 27,000 ha and coconut plantations and 93,0

00 ha of pulp wood plantations were established.

3 Classification of Assets in Accounting

I Forested land and standing volume

4.Non-stocked forest land

1.Forested land and standing volume

5. 4-side planting

(1)Natural forest 6. Scattered trees

(2) Plantation II Die-back trees

2.Shrub land III Non-forested land

3. Nurseries

4 Physical Accounts for Accounting

Item forest resources Forest assets Non Forest assets

Area Volume Area Volume Area Volume

1.1Forested land and Standing Volume

224,261 987,538 130,426 251,300 87,892 647,893

1.2 Shrub land 34,140 34,140

1.3 Nurseries 145 145

1.4 Non-stocked forested land

5,567 5,567

1.5 4-side plantings 10,534 10,534

1.6 Scattered trees 19,743 19,743

1.7 Statistical errors

2 Die-back trees

3 Non-forested land

235,745 188,596 47,149

5 Monetary Accounts for Accounting

• 5.1 Valuation Methods • 5.1.1 Standing timber • (1) Stumpage value method • (2) Consumption value method• (3) Net present value method • 5.1.2 Forest land Market prices 5.1.3 Non-timber forest goods Local market prices of same product Price of close substitute product Production cost

• 5.1.4 Forest services

• (1) Livestock grazing

• Price of close substitute product /Production cost

• (2) Recreation and tourism

• Travel cost /Hedonic price of land /Contingent valuation method/conjoint analysis

• 5.1.5 Forest environmental protection

• services

• (1) Carbon storage :Carbon tax /Carbon emission permit trading price

• (2) Biodiversity and habitat preservation :Contingent valuation method, conjoint analysis

• (3) Protective services for water, soil, etc. :Damage cost /Damage prevention costs /Contingent valuation method

5.2 Monetary Accounts for Accounting

Item forest resources Forest assets Non Forest assets

Area Volume Area Volume Area Volume

1.1Forested land and Standing Volume

411,753 2,710,434 224,258 679,805 170,226 1,738,656

1.2 Shrub land 13,929 13,929

1.3 Nurseries 225 225

1.4 Non-stocked forested land

1,988 1,988

1.5 4-side plantings 28,601 28,601

1.6 Scattered trees 53,603 53,603

1.7 Statistical errors

2 Die-back trees

3 Non-forested land

1,568,503 1,254,803 313,701

6 The Green GDP Accounting for Forests

GDP Include production of non-market forest goods and services previously omitted from national accounts

NDP Include changes (depreciation/appreciation) of natural forests

National wealth Include value of natural forest assets and carbon storage

National saving and comprehensive saving

Include changes (depreciation/appreciation) of natural forests

• (1) In Hainan, the adjusted formula for GDP and Net Capital Formation is as follows:

• EDP =

•

• =C+ CF – CFC – ECh + X – M

• Where, EVAi is environmentally adjusted net value added for industry i, is

• EVAi = Oi – ICi – CFCi – ECi = NVAi – ECi

• Where, Oi , ICi , CFCi ,and ECi denote output, intermediate consumption, consumption of fixed capital, and environmental costs of industry i. NVAi is unadjusted net value added. ECh is environmental cost generated by households, C, CF, X, and M denote consumption, capital formation, export and import.

• (2) Environmentally adjusted Net Capital Formation is

• ECF = (CF – CFC) – ECc

• Where, ECc is Natural capital consumption.

hh

n

ii ECNDPECEVA

1

7 Results1 GDP(by production method,or income method) 518.48 1.1 Output of forest cultivation assets 18.58 1.2 Cost of forest assets exhaustion 19.32 1.3 Cost of forest environmental assets degradation 47.98 1.4 GeGDP 517.74 1.5 EDP 469.76 2 GDP (by expenditure method ) 517.73 2.1 Net accumulation of forest assets -3.21 2.2 Net accumulation of forest environmental assets -5.81

2.3 GeGDP 514.52 2.4 EDP 508.71

• (1) Both of the ratios of cost of forest environmental assets degradation to GDP and forest assets exhaustion to GDP were 3.73% and 9.25% respectively.

• (2) The ratio of GeGDP to GDP was 99.86 .• (3) The ratio of EDP to GDP was 90.60%. • (4) The ratio of net accumulation of forest assets to

GDP was –0.62%.• (5) The ratio of net accumulation of forest environm

ental assets to GDP was –1.12%.• (6) The ratio of the cost of forests, which the total co

st of forest assets exhaustion and forest environmental assets degradation to GDP was 12.98%.

8 Conclusion

(1) It is clear that the depreciation of the forest resources in Hainan Island for a high percentage of the gross domestic product (GDP), was 12.98%.

(2) It also proves to be significant to the ratio of GeGDP to GDP in 2000 was 99.86.

(3) The net accumulation of forest assets should be raised the to maintain sustainable development.

(4) The depreciation in forest resources should be reduced in Hainan Island.

(5) some measures should be taken to improve the forest management level and hence to raise the ratio of GeGDP to GDP in Hainan Island in China.

Thanks a lot.