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Study of three-body systems at KVI. Nasser Kalantar-Nayestanaki Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut (KVI) 18 th International Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics Santos, August 21, 2006. Nijmegen I Nijmegen II Reid 93 CD-Bonn Argonne V18 …. N-N Potentials. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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18th International Conference on Few-body Problems in Physics Santos, August 21-26, 2006
Study of three-body systems at KVI
Nasser Kalantar-Nayestanaki
Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut (KVI)18th International Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics
Santos, August 21, 2006
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
N-N PotentialsModern phenomenological NN potentials:
Modern phenomenological NN potentials:
Comparison with experimental np&pp database gives: 2/data ~ 1 Comparison with experimental np&pp database gives: 2/data ~ 1
Nijmegen I Nijmegen II Reid 93 CD-Bonn Argonne V18 …
Nijmegen I Nijmegen II Reid 93 CD-Bonn Argonne V18 …
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
Beyond phenomenological N-N forces
Phenomenological N-N forces fail to describe A>2 systems! How to resolve?
Phenomenological N-N forces fail to describe A>2 systems! How to resolve?
Three-Nucleon Force!
(3NF)
Three-Nucleon Force!
(3NF)
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
Three-Body Forces in Nuclear Physics
“...the replacement of field interactions by two-body action-at-a-distance potentials is a poor approximation in nuclear problems.”
“...the replacement of field interactions by two-body action-at-a-distance potentials is a poor approximation in nuclear problems.”
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
N
N
N
Three-body forces in Nuclear physics
∑∑=>=
+−=3
1
3
1
2
2 jiij
i i
vm
Hh
Vvm
Hji
iji i
++−= ∑∑=>=
3
1
3
1
2
2h
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
Three-Body Forces in Nuclear Physics
Ggggggg
parametrization of Fuijta-Miyazawa force + 2rescattering + higher-order interactions
Added to 2N potential as correction Tucson-Melbourne, Urbana IX, …
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
Effective-Field Theory Approach
Developed by Weinberg
Coupling of pions and nucleons in EFT
Predicts structure of 3NF
Self-consistent approach
Only works at energies below pion-mass scale
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
A three-body force is a force that does not exist in a system of two objects but appears in a system of three objects (three-body system like in Euler's three-body problem) or more. In physics, an intuitive example of a three-body force is the case of charged, metallic spheres: the charge distribution at the surface of two spheres placed close to each other will be modified, and thus the total force felt by a third sphere cannot be described by the sum of the forces from the two other spheres taken individually. The fundamental strong interaction seems to exhibits such behaviours. In particle physics, the interactions between the three quarks that compose baryons can be described in a diquark model which is equivalent to the hypothesis of a three-body force. There is growing evidence in the field of nuclear physics that three-body forces exist among the nucleons inside atomic nuclei (three-nucleon force).
Three-body forces and Wikipedia
As an analogy, if we identify bodies with humanbeings and forces with emotions, jealousy is agood example of three-body force: it is not felt as long as only two persons are acting, but it canshow up as soon as a third person enters into the scene. Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-body_force"
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
- Electromagnetic interaction on 3B systems
- 3B (and more bodies?) Bound states
- 3B Elastic scattering in large parts of phase space
- 3B Break-up reaction in different kinematics
- Many-body systems Nuclear matter
Study of Three-Body Forcein Nuclear Physics
• Which reactions (and systems) to study?
N + d N + dN + d N + N + NN + d 3He(3H) +
+ 3He(3H) N + d + 3He(3H) N + N + N
N + d N + dN + d N + N + NN + d 3He(3H) +
+ 3He(3H) N + d + 3He(3H) N + N + N
See talk R3-18J. Messchendorp
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
Total nd Cross sections
High precision data from Los Alamos
W.P. Abfalterer et al., PRL 81, 57 (1998)
nd scattering
np scattering
Only 2NF
Effect of 3NF small
High-precision mandatory
In addition, look for sensitivity: exclusive channels other observables
Effect of 3NF small
High-precision mandatory
In addition, look for sensitivity: exclusive channels other observables
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
AGOR Facility
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
AGOR Facility
Detectors
SALAD1995-2002
BINA2004-???
BBS
PB
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
Effect of 3NF as a function of Energy
Bieber et al.,
PRL84, 606 (2000)
Ermisch et al.,
PRL86,
5862 (2001)
PRC68,
054004(2003)
PRC71,
064004(2005)
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
Spin-Transfer Coefficients
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
Spin-Transfer Coefficients
H.R. Amir-Ahmadi, Submitted to PRL
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
Spin-Transfer Coefficients
€
rd + p →
r p + d @180 MeV
€
σ =σ 0(1+3
2pz Ay +
1
2pzzAyy )
€
py'σ = σ 0(Py ' +3
2pzKy
y' +1
2pzzKyy
y' )
H.R. Amir-Ahmadi, Submitted to PRL
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
Spin-Transfer Coefficients
€
rd + p →
r p + d @180 MeV
€
σ =σ 0(1+3
2pz Ay +
1
2pzzAyy )
€
py'σ = σ 0(Py ' +3
2pzKy
y' +1
2pzzKyy
y' )
H.R. Amir-Ahmadi, Submitted to PRL
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
Spin-Transfer Coefficients
€
rd + p →
r p + d @180 MeV
€
σ =σ 0(1+3
2pz Ay +
1
2pzzAyy )
€
py'σ = σ 0(Py ' +3
2pzKy
y' +1
2pzzKyy
y' )
H.R. Amir-Ahmadi, Submitted to PRL
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
Spin-Transfer Coefficients
€
rd + p →
r p + d @180 MeV
€
σ =σ 0(1+3
2pz Ay +
1
2pzzAyy )
€
py'σ = σ 0(Py ' +3
2pzKy
y' +1
2pzzKyy
y' )
H.R. Amir-Ahmadi, Submitted to PRL
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
Spin-Transfer Coefficients
€
rd + p →
r p + d @180 MeV
€
σ =σ 0(1+3
2pz Ay +
1
2pzzAyy )
€
py'σ = σ 0(Py ' +3
2pzKy
y' +1
2pzzKyy
y' )
Hanover Approach of dynamical delta
H.R. Amir-Ahmadi, Submitted to PRL
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
Spin-Transfer Coefficients
€
rd + p →
r p + d @180 MeV
€
σ =σ 0(1+3
2pz Ay +
1
2pzzAyy )
€
py'σ = σ 0(Py ' +3
2pzKy
y' +1
2pzzKyy
y' )
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
More analyzing powers
65 MeV/A 90 MeV/A
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
Overview world data-base for pd pd
rich set of spin observables for the elastic channel, allowing a multi-dim. study of 3NF
only fraction has been measured accurately and systematically (RIKEN/RCNP/IUCF/KVI)
still much to explore!
rich set of spin observables for the elastic channel, allowing a multi-dim. study of 3NF
only fraction has been measured accurately and systematically (RIKEN/RCNP/IUCF/KVI)
still much to explore!
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
5 dimensional phase space (1, 2, E1, E2, 12) i.e. much larger than in the elastic channel ()5 dimensional phase space (1, 2, E1, E2, 12) i.e. much larger than in the elastic channel ()
Allows detailed road-map for the study of nuclear forcesAllows detailed road-map for the study of nuclear forces
Requires a setup with large coverageRequires a setup with large coverage
Break-up channelBreak-up channel
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
Break-up channel at 65 MeV/A
€
d + p → p + p + n
S (MeV)
Analysis byPolish group
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
The break-up channel
σ2NF+3NF – σ2NF
σ2NF+3NF σ
Bochum-Cracow Group(2NF=CDB, 3NF=TM’)
€
p + d → p + p + n@190MeV
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
The new polarimeter and the 4 detector, BINA
BINA @ KVIBINA @ KVI
beam
~3 meters
Big Instrument for Nuclear-polarization Analysis (BINA)
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
The new polarimeter and the 4 detector, BINA
150 phoswichScintillators=Target chamber
Forward scintillators (E-wall)
Thin scintillators forparticle identification
Wire chambers + analyzer
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
The new Polarimeter and the 4 detector
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
Break-up channel at 190 MeV
€
rp + d → p + p + n
See the talk by H. Mardanpour, Friday R3-15
Preliminary
Results
Cross section AyE1 vs. E2
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
Summary• Three-body hadronic reactions are the most
promosing tool for the study of 3BF effects.
• A systematic study of cross sections and analyzing powers as a function of energy provides a good data-base for these studies.
• Aside from cross sections, many spin observables have also been studied at various energies.E
last
ic S
catt
erin
g
• Pilot experiment for the break-up very successful.• New experiment at 135 and 190 MeV finished
recently. Lots of results emerging.Bre
akup
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
Outlook
• The search for 3BF effects is taking place at a few laboratories.
• At KVI, we have set up a comprehensive program to study the three-body systems.
• The situation for the three-body systems is like the situation of NN of some 20 years ago!
• How about the 4-body system?
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
AcknowledgementsH.R. Amir Ahmadi, A.M. van den Berg, R. Bieber, K. Ermisch, M. Elsami-Kalantari, M.N. Harakeh, H. Huisman, M. Kis, H. Mardanpour, A. Mehmandoost, J.G. Messchendorp, M. Mahjour-Shafiei, A. Ramazani, E. Van Garderen, M. Volkerts, S.Y. van der Werf, H. Woertche
+ Polish Experimental Group (O. Biegun, K. Bodek, St. Kistryn, A. Micherdzinska, E. Stephan, J. Zejma and W. Zipper)
+ Japanese group (K. Itoh, T. Kawabata, H. Kuboki, Y. Maeda, S. Sakaguchi, H. Sakai, N. Sakalmoto, Y. Sasamoto, M. Sasano, K. Sekiguchi, K. Suda, Y. Takahashi, T. Uesaka, K. Yako
+ Theoretical support from Bochum-Cracow (Gloeckle, Golak, Kuros-Zolnierczuk, Skibinski and Witala)KIT (Kamada)Hanover (Sauer)Lisbon (Deltuva)Jülich (Epelbaum, Nogga)
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
A look at the Japanese data
70 MeV 135 MeV 250 MeV
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
Nucleon-deuteron Nucleon-deuteron Radiative CaptureRadiative Capture
Why study Nd radiative capture?Why study Nd radiative capture?
1) Initial (pd) and final state (3He) show 3NF effects-> radiative capture should also!
2) High-momentum component of 3He w.f.
3)3) Sensitive to electro-magnetic Sensitive to electro-magnetic currents!currents!
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
“Tensor anomaly” in pd-radiative capture
o IUCF, PRC35, 37(87)
RCNP (Preliminary)
Bochum-Cracow Faddeev calculation Potentials: AV18 (NN) +UIX (3NF) E.M. current operator: non-rel single nucleon + many-body currents in and exchange (explicit)
p+d3He+ @ 100 MeV/nucleon
Ay(d) Ay(N)
Ayy Axx
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
o IUCF, PRC35, 37(87)
RCNP (Preliminary)
Ay(d) Ay(N)
Ayy Axx
Hanover Coupled channel Potentials: CD Bonn+ (NN) +virtual E.M. current operator: Siegert form of the current operator + expl. MEC contrs. not accounted for by SGE
“Tensor
Anomaly”
“Tensor anomaly” in pd-radiative capture
p+d3He+ @ 100 MeV/nucleon
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
KVI Experiment (2003)d+pd+p33He+He+
e+/e-e+/e-
LH2-55 mg/cm2 CH2-10 mg/cm2
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
Vector and tensor analyzing powers
in d+p->3He+ @ KVI
Calc. Hanover group
Data:A. Mehmandoost nucl-ex/0501012; PLB 617, 18 (2005)
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
Triton Binding Energy
Model 2/data 3H B.E. [MeV]
NIJM I 1.03 7.72
NIJM II 1.03 7.62
Reid93 1.03 7.63
Argonne V18 1.09 7.62
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
Triton Binding Energy
Model 2/data 3H B.E. [MeV]
NIJM I 1.03 7.72
NIJM II 1.03 7.62
Reid93 1.03 7.63
Argonne V18 1.09 7.62
EXPERIMENT - 8.48
Modern N-N potentials fail to describe triton B.E. Modern N-N potentials fail to describe triton B.E.
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
Ab-initio calculations for light nucleiC
ourt
esy
S. P
iepe
r, A
rgon
ne
(+3NF)
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
Nd elastic scattering cross sections
H. Witala et al. PRL 81, 1183 (1998)
Enlab = 12 MeV
Enlab = 65 MeV
Enlab = 140 MeV
Enlab = 200 MeV
3NF only 2NF only
Total
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
The Ay puzzle at low energies
dpdp +→+r
18 MeV
5 MeV 7 MeV 9 MeV
10 MeV 12 MeV 16 MeV
22.7 MeV 28 MeV
2NF
2+3NF
Calculations by Pisa group
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
The Ay puzzle at low energies
Calculations by Pisa group, data courtesy T. Clegg from TUNL
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
pd elastic scattering cross sections
dpdp +→+
K. Ermisch et al.,
PRC 68, 054004 (2003),
PRC 71, 064004 (2005)
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
pd elastic scattering cross sections
dpdp +→+
K. Ermisch et al.,
PRC 68, 054004 (2003),
PRC 71, 064004 (2005)
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
pd elastic scattering cross sections
dpdp +→+
K. Ermisch et al.,
PRC 68, 054004 (2003),
PRC 71, 064004 (2005)
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
pd elastic scattering cross sections
dpdp +→+
K. Ermisch et al.,
PRC 68, 054004 (2003),
PRC 71, 064004 (2005)
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
pd elastic scattering cross sections
dpdp +→+
K. Ermisch et al.,
PRC 68, 054004 (2003),
PRC 71, 064004 (2005)
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
pd elastic scattering cross sections
dpdp +→+
K. Ermisch et al.,
PRC 68, 054004 (2003),
PRC 71, 064004 (2005)
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
pd elastic scattering cross sections
(the
ory
–dat
a)/d
ata
K. Ermisch et al.,
PRC 68, 054004 (2003),
PRC 71, 064004 (2005)
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
pd elastic scattering cross sections
(the
ory
–dat
a)/d
ata
K. Ermisch et al.,
PRC 68, 054004 (2003),
PRC 71, 064004 (2005)
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
pd elastic scattering cross sections
Hanover Approach of dynamical delta
(the
ory
–dat
a)/d
ata
K. Ermisch et al.,
PRC 68, 054004 (2003),
PRC 71, 064004 (2005)
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
p+d vector analyzing powers
dpdp +→+r
Bieber et al.,
PRL84, 606 (2000)
Ermisch et al.,
PRL86, 5862 (2001)
PRC71, 064004 (2005)
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
p+d vector analyzing powers
dpdp +→+r
)cos1(0 φσσ ypA+=
RL
RLyA
σσσσ
+−
=⇒
Bieber et al.,
PRL84, 606 (2000)
Ermisch et al.,
PRL86, 5862 (2001)
PRC71, 064004 (2005)
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
p+d vector analyzing powers
dpdp +→+r
)cos1(0 φσσ ypA+=
RL
RLyA
σσσσ
+−
=⇒
Bieber et al.,
PRL84, 606 (2000)
Ermisch et al.,
PRL86, 5862 (2001)
PRC71, 064004 (2005)
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
p+d vector analyzing powers
dpdp +→+r
)cos1(0 φσσ ypA+=
RL
RLyA
σσσσ
+−
=⇒
Bieber et al.,
PRL84, 606 (2000)
Ermisch et al.,
PRL86, 5862 (2001)
PRC71, 064004 (2005)
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
p+d vector analyzing powers
dpdp +→+r
)cos1(0 φσσ ypA+=
RL
RLyA
σσσσ
+−
=⇒
Bieber et al.,
PRL84, 606 (2000)
Ermisch et al.,
PRL86, 5862 (2001)
PRC71, 064004 (2005)
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
p+d vector analyzing powers
dpdp +→+r
)cos1(0 φσσ ypA+=
RL
RLyA
σσσσ
+−
=⇒
Bieber et al.,
PRL84, 606 (2000)
Ermisch et al.,
PRL86, 5862 (2001)
PRC71, 064004 (2005)
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
p+d vector analyzing powers
theo
ry-d
ata
dpdp +→+r
Ermisch et al.,
PRC71, 064004 (2005)
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
p+d vector analyzing powers
theo
ry-d
ata
dpdp +→+r
Ermisch et al.,
PRC71, 064004 (2005)
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
p+d vector analyzing powers
theo
ry-d
ata
dpdp +→+r
Hanover Approach of dynamical delta
Ermisch et al.,
PRC71, 064004 (2005)
Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006
pd radiative capture anomaly
KVI and (preliminary) RCNP data are inconsistent!
KVI and (preliminary) RCNP data are inconsistent!