Study: Newcomers not sold on express entry

7/21/2019 Study: Newcomers not sold on express entry

1/21

Lntnzc`senp j`k Naandrjtnm` Lj`jkj

Zujgntjtnvc Ycscjrle jimut @cwlmacr j`k Naandrj`t Nssucs 98:;

Ajrle 98:;

Lm`trjlt @uaicr # I55:3-:;9:;


2/21

Xjdc :

LM@[C@[\

:.8 Ijlbdrmu`k ................................................................................................................................... 9

9.8 Ycscjrle Miocltnvcs ...................................................................................................................... 9

.8 Amkcrjtmrs Dunkc ...................................................................................................................... :>


3/21

Xjdc 9

:.8 Ijlbdrmu`k

\n`lc :>>;, wec` nt wjs cstjignseck js j `cw kcpjrtac`t irn`dn`d tmdctecr naandrjtnm`

scrvnlcs j`k lntnzc`senp rcdnstrjtnm`, Lntnzc`senp j`k Naandrjtnm` Lj`jkj (LNL) ejs pgjyck j

`uaicr mf bcy rmgcs? jkanttn`d naandrj`ts, fmrcnd` stukc`ts, vnsntmrs j`k tcapmrjry wmrbcrs2

rcscttgn`d rcfudccs2 ecgpn`d naandrj`ts jkjpt tm Lj`jknj` smlncty j`k iclmac Lj`jknj`lntnzc`s2 j`k, aj`jdn`d jllcss tm Lj`jkj.

LNL lm`kults j` m`dmn`d rcscjrle prmdrja tm ecgp tec Kcpjrtac`t kcvcgmp j icttcr

u`kcrstj`kn`d mf Lj`jknj` jttntukcs tmwjrk tec nssucs surrmu`kn`d lntnzc`senp j`k

naandrjtnm`. Iy djudn`d j`k j`jgyzn`d tec mpn`nm`s mf `cwlmacrs j`k naandrj`ts, tec

Kcpjrtac`t djn`s n`sndets n`tm napmrtj`t pmgnly jrcjs rcgjtck tm tec aj`kjtc mf tec

kcpjrtac`t j`k rcgjtck scrvnlcs.

LNL nkc`tnfnck tec `cck tm lm`kult qujgntjtnvc rcscjrle jam`d `cwlmacrs j`k scttgck

naandrj`ts. [ens rcscjrle wjs kcsnd`ck tm djudc tec nssucs, prcfcrc`lcs j`k `ccks mf

`cwlmacrs j`k gm`dcr tcra naandrj`ts tm Lj`jkj wnte rcdjrk tm tec nssucs nkc`tnfnck jimvc.

9.8 Ycscjrle Miocltnvcs

Jttntukcs mf `cwlmacrs j`k scttgck naandrj`ts m` nssucs sule js naandrjtnm`, n`tcdrjtnm`,

scttgcac`t, augtnlugturjgnsa j`k lntnzc`senp js wcgg js LNL scrvnlcs jrc mf bcy napmrtj`lc tm

LNLs pmgnlncs j`k prmdrjas.

Zujgntjtnvc rcscjrle wjs n`tc`kck tm cxpgmrc vncws mf acaicrs mf Lj`jkjs augtnlugturjg

lmaau`ntncs wnte rcdjrks tm?

Bcy nssucs fjln`d tec lmu`try j`k cxpcltjtnm`s mf tec fckcrjg dmvcr`ac`t2

Jwjrc`css mf tec @cw Lntnzc`senp Jlt2

Vncws m` tec Lj`jkjs naandrjtnm` systca2

Vncws rcdjrkn`d tec Gnvc-n` Ljrcdnvcr Xrmdrja2

N`ntnjg naprcssnm`s mf tec prmpmsck Cxprcssnm` mf N`tcrcst Xrmdrja.


4/21

Xjdc 3 (n`lgukn`d E\[)


6/21

Xjdc 3

;.8 Cxclutnvc \uaajry

;.: Amst Napmrtj`t Nssucs

Tec` qucstnm`ck js tm amst napmrtj`t nssucs fjln`d tec lmu`try, n`ntnjggy pjrtnlnpj`ts tc`kck tm

fmlus m` clm`manl lm`lcr`s n.c. lm`lcr`s rcgjtck tm tecnr semrt j`k gm`d tcra capgmyac`t

prmspclts js wcgg js n`fgjtnm`jry prcssurcs j`k tecnr napjlt m` lmst mf gnvn`d. Naandrjtnm`

ijlbgmds, fmrcnd` lrckc`tnjg rclmd`ntnm`, j`k Lj`jknj` cxpcrnc`lc rcqunrcac`ts wcrc jgsm

knslussck cxtc`snvcgy js pjrt mf tec amst napmrtj`t nssucs lm`vcrsjtnm`. Jkkntnm`jggy

pjrtnlnpj`ts n` jgg scssnm`s cxprcssck amrc dc`crjg lm`lcr`s rcgjtck tm Lj`jkjs ecjgteljrc

systca (spclnfnljggy wjnt tnacs), tec c`vnrm`ac`t (spclnfnljggy tec napjlt mf rcsmurlc

kcvcgmpac`t m` Lj`jkjs futurc dc`crjtnm`s), j`k puignl sjfcty j`k sclurnty (n` pjrtnlugjr

lm`lcr`s rcgjtck tm lrnac).

;.9 Vncws m` tec Naandrjtnm` \ystca

Mvcrjgg, pjrtnlnpj`ts vncws rcdjrkn`dLj`jkjs naandrjtnm` systca lmugk icst ic kcslrnick js

anxck wnte j gcj` tm tec pmsntnvc. [emsc wnte j amrc pmsntnvc vncw mftc` usck wmrks sule jssnapgc, fjnr/sammte, wcglman`d j`k wmrgk-lgjss wec` jsbck tm kcslrnic nt. Lm`vcrscgy, temsc

gcss pmsntnvc mptck fmr wmrks sule js mvcriurkc`ck/ijlbgmddck, lmapgnljtck j`k n` j fcw

n`stj`lcs knslrnan`jtmry. [emsc wem lemsc tm kcslrnic tec naandrjtnm` systca js

knslrnan`jtmry mftc` frjack tecnr lemnlc mf wmrks n` tec lm`tcxt mf j irmjkcr lm`vcrsjtnm`

rcdjrkn`d fmrcnd` lrckc`tnjg rclmd`ntnm`, gj`dujdc rcqunrcac`ts j`k dc`crjg lejggc`dcs rcgjtck

tm jllcssn`d dmmk pjyn`d omis.

;.


7/21

Xjdc 6

wrnttc` mr mrjg b`mwgckdc tcst fmr pcmpgc mvcr tec jdc mf 33 wjs j pmn`t mf lm`tc`tnm` fmr j

ùaicr mf pjrtnlnpj`ts. Gnbcwnsc, n`lrcjscs n` lntnzc`senp jppgnljtnm` fccs tc`kck tm ic act

wnte vcry gnttgc c`teusnjsa.

;.3 Naandrj`t N`vcstmr / C`trcprc`cur Xrmdrja

Ycjltnm`s tm tec rclc`t cgnan`jtnm` mf tec N`vcstmr j`k C`trcprc`cur ljtcdmry lj` icst ic

kcslrnick js anxck. [emsc wem jdrcck wnte tens jpprmjle fmlusck m` tec gnbcgy rckultnm` n` tec

ùaicr mf ljscs mf lntnzc`senp mf lm`vc`nc`lc. Lm`vcrscgy, temsc mppmsck tc`kck tm jrduc tejt

sule j acjsurc semugk jt tec vcry gcjst `mt ic jppgnck rctrmjltnvcgy tm jppgnlj`ts wem ejvc

jgrcjky n`ntnjtck tec naandrjtnm` prmlcss.

;.6 Gnvc-n` Ljrcdnvcr Xrmdrja

Jwjrc`css mf tec Gnvc-n` Ljrcdnvcr prmdrja (GLX) wjs rcgjtnvcgy ende jam`d jgg juknc`lcs, wnte

jwjrc`css icn`d endecst jam`d Fngnpn`m pjrtnlnpj`ts. Aj`y pjrtnlnpj`ts n` tec m`-Fngnpn`mdrmups rcpmrtck tens wjs `mt j lej``cg gnbcgy tm ic lm`snkcrck iy acaicrs mf tecnr lmaau`nty.

[ecrc wjs dc`crjg b`mwgckdc mf tec rcqunrcac`ts jssmlnjtck wnte tec GLX jam`d pjrtnlnpj`ts

n` jgg scssnm`s. J ùaicr mf pjrtnlnpj`ts spmbc mf tec GLX js j` jgtcr`jtnvc fmr temsc wem

pcrejps km`t ejvc tec `clcssjry sbngg sct tm naandrjtc js clm`manl naandrj`ts. N` jkkntnm`,

amst jlb`mwgckdck tejt nt scrvcs j trj`sntmry purpmscfcw nf j`y lm`tnùc tm wmrb js gnvc-n`

ljrcdnvcrs m`lc tecy ejvc sjtnsfnck rcqunrcac`ts n` mrkcr tm jppgy fmr pcraj`c`t rcsnkc`ly.

[ecrc wjs jgsm smac knslussnm` tejt tens prmdrja ns jt tnacs usck js j` jgtcr`jtnvc tm cxpckntc

fjangy rcu`nfnljtnm`. [ecrc wjs jgsm rclmd`ntnm` tejt n` lcrtjn` ljscs GLX jppgnlj`ts ejvc icc`

tjbc` jkvj`tjdc mf iy capgmycrs.

;.4 Cxprcssnm` mf N`tcrcst

Fcw ejk ecjrk mf tec Cxprcssnm` mf N`tcrcst (CMN) systca prnmr tm jttc`kn`d tec fmlus drmup

scssnm`s. Tec` prmvnkck wnte smac dc`crjg lm`tcxt rcdjrkn`d CMN, pjrtnlnpj`ts n` jgg scssnm`s

jlb`mwgckdck j`k jpprclnjtck emw tens prmpmsck jpprmjle wmugk/lmugk scrvc tm cxpckntc tec

naandrjtnm` prmlcss wengc gcssc`n`d frustrjtnm`s rcgjtck tm fmrcnd` lrckc`tnjg rclmd`ntnm`. Amst

sjw tens js j wn`/wn` prmpmsntnm`2 naandrj`ts dct tm wmrb n` tecnr lemsc` prmfcssnm` j`k

Lj`jknj` capgmycrs lj` tjbc j amrc tjrdctck j`k cxpckntnmus jpprmjle tm jllcssn`d tec

jpprmprnjtc tjgc`t pmmg ijsck m` tecnr `ccks jt j dnvc` tnac.

Nt semugk ic `mtck emwcvcr tejt, js `cwlmacrs j`k naandrj`ts tecascgvcs, aj`y qucstnm`ck

wey tec dmvcràc`t wmugk ic fmlusn`d m` pmtc`tnjg naandrj`ts icym`k mur imrkcrs rjtecr

tej` ajtlen`d tecsc omi mppmrtu`ntncs wnte sbnggck naandrj`ts jgrcjky n` Lj`jkj. Fmr tecsc

pjrtnlnpj`ts nt wjs j fjnr`css nssuc. Aj`y pjrtnlnpj`ts wcrc jgsm n`qunsntnvc js tm wejt

aclej`nsas wmugk ic put n` pgjlc tm dujrk jdjn`st tec pmtc`tnjg fmr frjukugc`t icejvnmur imte

m` tec pjrt mf tec jppgnlj`t js wcgg js tec pmtc`tnjg capgmycr.


8/21

Xjdc 4

3.8 Kctjngck Fn`kn`ds

3.: Amst Napmrtj`t Nssucs

Xjrtnlnpj`ts wcrc jsbck m` j` u`prmaptck ijsns tm nkc`tnfy wejt tecy lm`snkcrck tm ic tec

amst napmrtj`t nssucs fjln`d Lj`jkj tmkjy. Jlrmss jgg scssnm`s pjrtnlnpj`ts n`ntnjggy tc`kck tm

fmlus m` pcrsm`jg clm`manl j`k fn`j`lnjg lm`lcr`s fnrst j`k fmrcamst. \pclnfnljggy, tecy spmbc

mf?

[ec napmrtj`lc mf j fmlus m` lrcjtn`d amrc j`k icttcr omis,

[ec `cck tm tjbc `clcssjry stcps tm c`surc fmrcnd` lrckc`tnjg rclmd`ntnm`,

[ec napmrtj`lc mf jkkrcssn`d wejt aj`y scc js j rnsn`d lmst mf gnvn`d, j`k

J kcsnrc fmr gmwcr tjxcs.

Clm`manl lm`lcr`s wcrc amst mftc` frjack n` tec lm`tcxt mf semrt j`k gm`d tcra capgmyac`t

prmspclts. Xjrtnlnpj`ts mftc` spmbc mf tec kcsnrc fmr amrc j`k icttcr pjyn`d omis js wcgg js j`

mvcrjrlen`d cck fmr n`lrcjsck mppmrtu`ntncs fmr ljrccr jkvj`lcac`t. [ens lm`vcrsjtnm` wjsamst mftc` frjack n` tec lm`tcxt mf frustrjtnm`s jssmlnjtck wnte tec jppjrc`t gjlb mf fmrcnd`

lrckc`tnjg rclmd`ntnm`. N` pjrtnlugjr, pjrtnlnpj`ts rcfcrc`lck tec n`lrcjsck lejggc`dcs

naandrj`ts fjlc n` ajbn`d c`ks acct dnvc` tec gnantck capgmyac`t mppmrtu`ntncs tecy jrc

jffmrkck js wcgg js tec `cck tm jllcpt ac`njg omis upm` jrrnvn`d n` Lj`jkj kuc tm tec gjlb mf

rclmd`ntnm` mf tecnr sbnggs, n`suffnlnc`t Lj`jknj` wmrb cxpcrnc`lc js wcgg js mivnmus gj`dujdc

gnantjtnm`spjrtnlugjrgy fmr temsc jrrnvn`d wnte gnantck jingntncs tm spcjb C`dgnse j`k/mr Frc`le.

Xjrtnlnpj`ts jgsm fcgt tec Dmvcràc`t semugk ic tjbn`d furtecr stcps tm jkkrcss naandrjtnm`

ijlbgmds. J ùaicr mf pjrtnlnpj`ts spmbc mf gc`dtey prmlcssn`d tnacs. [ecsc pjrtnlnpj`ts mftc`

fmlusck m` tec u`wjrrj`tck j`k u``clcssjry strcss j`k frustrjtnm` rcsugtn`d frma wejt tecypcrlcnvc tm ic j krjw`-mut prmlcss. \mac fcgt tejt tens rcgjtnvc u`lcrtjn`ty furtecr gnants tecnr

jingnty tm fuggy n`tcdrjtc n`tm Lj`jknj` smlncty. [ens lm`vcrsjtnm` wjs mftc` frjack n` tec

lm`tcxt mf fjangy rcu`nfnljtnm` cffmrts. N` jkkntnm`, pjrtnlnpj`ts mftc` ac`tnm`ck tec rmgc mf

fjangy/cxtc`kck fjangy js icn`d lrulnjg n` tcras mf prmvnkn`d teca wnte tec `clcssjry suppmrt

`ctwmrb.

Iungkn`d m` tens, nt semugk ic `mtck tejt amst spmbc fjvmrjigy mf tec \upcr Vnsj prmdrja wenle

aj`y sjw js j` jgtcr`jtnvc acj`s mf rcu`ntn`d wnte fjangy j`k/mr irnkdn`d tec djp wengc

wjntn`d fmr fjangy spm`smrsenp jppgnljtnm`s tm ic prmlcssck.

Nt semugk ic `mtck tejt, n` jkkntnm` tm tec jfmrcac`tnm`ck, pjrtnlnpj`ts jgsm lntck j rj`dc mfmtecr smlnjg nssucs wenle tecy fcgt wcrc wmrtey mf smac jttc`tnm`. @jacgy, lm`lcr`s wcrc

rjnsck rcgjtck tm ecjgteljrc wjnt tnacs j`k lmsts (spclnfnljggy wnte rcdjrk tm \upcr Vnsj

rcqunrcac`ts). Mtecrs ac`tnm`ck tec c`vnrmàc`t amrc dc`crjggy j`k tens dc`crjtnm`s

c`vnrmàc`tjg gcdjly tm temsc tejt fmggmwpjrtnlugjrgy n` tec lm`tcxt mf lurrc`t rcsmurlc

kcvcgmpac`t jltnvntncs. J fcw jgsm cxprcssck smac trcpnkjtnm` wnte rcdjrk tm puignl sjfcty j`k

sclurnty j`k, amrc prclnscgy, `cndeimremmk lrnac.

N` Am`trcjg, pjrtnlnpj`ts rcfcrc`lck tec puignl kcijtc surrmu`kn`d tec prmpmsck Zucicl

Lejrtcr mf Vjgucs js j` nssuc j`k rjnsck lm`lcr`s nt lmugk gcjk tm furtecr lugturjg nsmgjtnm`2 tecy


9/21

Xjdc 5

jrduck tejt acaicrs mf an`mrnty lmaau`ntncs wmugk ic gcss gnbcgy tm jllcpt n`tcdrjtnm` n`tm

Lj`jknj` smlncty, pjrtnlugjrgy nf tecy icgncvc tecnr lugturjg nkc`tnty ns tercjtc`ck. Amst

cxprcssck lm`fnkc`lc tejt wec` tec tnac lmacs tec fckcrjg dmvcràc`t wmugk stcp n` js

`cckck tm c`surc tecnr Lejrtcr rndets wcrc ajn`tjn`ck.

3.9 @cw Lntnzc`senp Jlt

Lej`dcs tm tec lntnzc`senp jlt wcrc tmp mf an`k n` amst drmups. Lej`dcs amst mftc` rcfcrc`lck

u`prmaptck n`lgukck?

Ycvnsnm`s tm prmlcssn`d tnacs,

\trc`dtec`n`d mf rcsnkc`ly rcqunrcac`ts,

Lej`dcs jggmwn`d fmr rcvmljtnm` mf lntnzc`senp fmr kujg lntnzc`s,

Ycamvjg mf tec cxcaptnm` tm lmapgctc j wrnttc` mr mrjg b`mwgckdc tcst fmr temsc 33

ycjrs mr mgkcr, j`k

Lej`dcs tm lntnzc`senp jppgnljtnm` fccs.

Lm`vcrscgy, fcw pjrtnlnpj`ts, nf j`y, wcrc fjangnjr wnte tec prmpmsck fjst trjlbn`d mf lntnzc`senp

fmr acaicrs mf tec angntjry j`k aj`y struddgck tm u`kcrstj`k emw tens lej`dc wmugk ic

napgcac`tck n` prjltnljg tcrasamst jssuack ymu ejvc tm ic j Lj`jknj` Lntnzc` n` mrkcr tm

ic jkanttck n`tm tec Lj`jknj` Jrack Fmrlcs. Kcspntc tens, pjrtnlnpj`ts cxprcssck pmsntnvc

rcjltnm`s tm tens lej`dc smac sjyn`d tejt nt wjs j dmmk wjy fmr naandrj`ts tm dnvc ijlb tm tecnr

lmu`try.

Lej`dcs wenle wcrc act wnte amrc pmsntnvc rcjltnm`s n`lgukck?

Ycvnsnm`s tm lntnzc`senp drj`ts prmlcssn`d tnacs?[ens lej`dc wjs act wnte vcry pmsntnvc

rcjltnm`s jam`d pjrtnlnpj`ts n` jgg scssnm`s. Aj`y sjnk tejt j`y j`k jgg stcps tjbc` tmrckulc ijlbgmds (j pmn`t mf lm`tc`tnm` fmr amst) wmugk ic drcjtgy jpprclnjtck.

\trc`dtec`n`d mf rcsnkc`ly rcqunrcac`ts? [ens lej`dc wjs dc`crjggy wcgg rclcnvck iy

pjrtnlnpj`ts n` jgg scssnm`s. Amst sjw tens js j wjy tm cffnlnc`tgy kclrcjsc tec ùaicr mf

n`knvnkujgs sccbn`d j Lj`jknj` lntnzc`senp mf lm`vc`nc`lc. N` fjlt, fmr amst tens lej`dc

wjs scc` js n`lm`scquc`tnjg js nt wmugk ejvc gnttgc napjlt m` temsc dcùn`cgy

lmaanttck tm sccbn`d Lj`jknj` lntnzc`senp.

Lej`dcs wenle wcrc act wnte smac sbcptnlnsa n`lgukck?

Mptnm` fmr rcvmljtnm` mf lntnzc`senp fmr kujg lntnzc`s? Amst pjrtnlnpj`ts wcrc rcgjtnvcgy

u`fjzck iy tens lej`dc. Aj`y snapgy sjnk tejt nf js j` naandrj`t ymu jinkc iy tec gjws

mf tec lmu`try j`k jrc `mt n`vmgvck n` nggcdjg jltnvntncs tens lej`dc wmugk ic nrrcgcvj`t

fmr ymu. Amrcmvcr, smac pjrtnlnpj`ts jlb`mwgckdck tejt tens lej`dc wjs ajkc n` tec

n`tcrcst mf puignl sjfcty. @m`ctecgcss, tecrc wcrc smac lm`lcr` cxprcssck js tm emw

tens andet napjlt temsc imr` jirmjk j`k wem naandrjtck tm Lj`jkj semrtgy tecrcjftcr

js tecy wmugk gnbcgy ejvc gnttgc nf j`y rcjg gnfc cxpcrnc`lc mr suppmrt `ctwmrbs n` tecnr

lmu`try mf mrndn` semugk tecy ic fmrlck tm rctur` tecrc.


10/21

Xjdc >

Lej`dcs gcjst wcgg rclcnvck n`lgukck?

[ec rcamvjg mf mrjg wrnttc` tcst cxcaptnm`s fmr temsc 33 ycjrs mf jdc mr amrc?

[emsc wem tmmb drcjtcst cxlcptnm` tm tens lej`dc jrduck tejt rcamvn`d tec cxcaptnm`

fmr n`knvnkujgs mvcr tec jdc mf 33 wjs u`rcjsm`jigc. [ecsc n`knvnkujgs ajn`tjn`ck tejt nt

wjs u`gnbcgy, n` prjltnljg tcras, tejt cgkcrgy naandrj`ts wmugk jlqunrc tec gj`dujdc

sbnggs `cckck tm lmapgctc sule j tcst. [ens wjs jgsm scc` iy smac js j furtecr

napcknac`t tm fjangy rcu`nfnljtnm`.

Lej`dcs tm lntnzc`senp jppgnljtnm` fccs?

Lej`dcs tm fccs wcrc jgsm j smurlc mf aule knslussnm`. J `uaicr mf pjrtnlnpj`ts

n`knljtck tejt nt ns jgrcjky knffnlugt c`mude fmr `cwlmacrs tm ajbc c`ks acct wntemut

furtecr n`lrcjsn`d tecnr fn`j`lnjg iurkc`. [m furtecr tecnr pmn`t mf fn`j`lnjg ejrksenp,

aj`y `mtck tejt `cwlmacrs j`k naandrj`ts jgsm pjy tjxcs n` Lj`jkj.


11/21

Xjdc :8

3.


12/21

Xjdc ::

Vncws m` Naandrjtnm` Lej``cgs

Xjrtnlnpj`ts n` jgg scssnm`s wcrc vcry fjangnjr wnte tec vjrnmus naandrjtnm` lej``cgs jvjngjigc tm

temsc wnsen`d tm lmac tm Lj`jkj?

Clm`manl andrj`ts,

Fjangy lgjss andrj`ts,

Fmrcnd` stukc`ts,

Ycfudccs, j`k

S`tng rclc`tgy N`vcstmr/C`trcprc`cur.

Tec` furtecr qucstnm`ck js tm wenle tecy fcgt wjs amst napmrtj`t fmr Lj`jkj tecrc wjs

dc`crjg jdrccac`t tejt clm`manl andrj`ts, fjangy lgjss andrj`ts j`k fmrcnd` stukc`ts wcrc

amst ic`cfnlnjg tm tec lmu`try js j wemgc.

Clm`manl andrj`ts jrc lm`snkcrck tm ic napmrtj`t dnvc` tejt, js sbnggck wmrbcrs, tecy jrc scc`

js vntjg tm Lj`jkjs lurrc`t j`k futurc clm`manl drmwtetecnr sbngg sct ns jkjptjigc tm

Lj`jkjs `ccks j`k tecy dc`crjggy jrc sccbn`d tm stjy n` Lj`jkj fmr tec gm`d tcra.

[ec napmrtj`lc mf tec fjangy lgjss andrj`ts ns cxpgjn`ck iy tec vjguc `cwlmacr j`k naandrj`t

pjrtnlnpj`ts pgjlck m` tec fjangy u`ntj rcmllurrn`d tecac n` jgg scssnm`s. Fjangy lgjss

naandrjtnm` jggmws fmr rcu`nfnljtnm` mf fjangy acaicrs wem n` tur` jssnst wnte jt emac

rcspm`sningntncs /pjrc`tn`d ctl. j`k lm`trniutc tm gcssc`n`d tec gm`dn`d fmr lmu`try mf mrndn`.

Fmrcnd` stukc`ts wcrc jgsm vncwck fjvmrjigy, js gj`dujdc jlqunsntnm` ns cjsncr fmr tens drmup,

j`k tecnr trjn`n`d j`k lmapctc`lncs jrc amrc jgnd`ck wnte Lj`jkjs ccks.

[ec rcfudcc strcja ns `mt scc` js j prnajry pjtewjy tm naandrjtc iut ns `m`ctecgcss

rclmd`nzck js j` mptnm` n` ljscs mf pcrsclutnm` mr lnvng u`rcst. \mac suddcstck tejt tens

pjtewjy lmugk ic tec tjrdct mf jiusc n` smac ljscs.

Js fmr tec naandrj`t n`vcstmr/c`trcprc`cur strcja, nt wjs scc` iy smac js j` napmrtj`t

pjtewjy. [emsc wem ecgk tens vncw kcslrnick tec prmdrja js lm`trniutn`d tm Lj`jkjs

clm`may iy lrcjtn`d iusn`csscs j`k omis. Emwcvcr, mtecrs qucstnm`ck tec amtnvjtnm`s mf

naandrj`t n`vcstmrs / nf tecy wcrc trugy lmaanttck tm rcajn`n`d n` Lj`jkj j`k wm`kcrck tm

wejt cxtc`t tecnr fn`j`lnjg n`vcstac`t lm`trniutcs tm Lj`jkjs clm`may.


13/21

Xjdc :9

6.8 Gnvc-n` Ljrcdnvcr Xrmdrja (GLX)

Xjrtnlnpj`ts n` jgg scssnm`s cxprcssck, jt j an`naua, smac gcvcg mf fjangnjrnty wnte tec GLX j`k

amst dc`crjggy spmbc pmsntnvcgy jimut tec prmdrja. Gcvcgs mf jwjrc`css mf tec prmdrja vjrnck

jlrmss tec vjrnmus stuky juknc`lcs, wnte jwjrc`css icn`d endecst jam`d tec Fngnpn`m drmups.

[ecrc wjs dc`crjg jdrccac`t tejt tec GLX tc`ks tm ic usck prnajrngy iy lcrtjn` lmaau`ntncs,

wenle n`knljtcs nts usjdc ns `mt wnkcsprcjk jam`dst jgg lmaau`ntncs lm`sugtck.

[emsc fjangnjr wnte tec prmdrja jrc dc`crjggy jigc tm rcfcrc`lc amst mf nts ijsnl rcqunrcac`ts?

Jppgnlj`ts aust wmrb js gnvc-n` ljrcdnvcrs fmr 9; am`tes,

[ecy aust ejvc smac cxpcrnc`lc js ljrcdnvcrs n` tecnr lmu`try mf mrndn`,

[ecy aust ic spm`smrck iy j` capgmycr, j`k

Spm` sjtnsfyn`d tec twm ycjr wmrb pcrnmk rcqunrcac`t temsc c`tcrn`d Lj`jkj vnj

tec GLX prmdrja lj` tec` stjrt tec prmlcss mf jppgyn`d fmr pcraj`c`t rcsnkc`ly.

Ic`cfnts amst mftc` lntck n`lgukc?

Xmtc`tnjggy j` jllcgcrjtck pjte tm jlencvn`d pcraj`c`t rcsnkc`ly,

Vnjigc jgtcr`jtnvc mptnm` tm fjangy rcu`nfnljtnm`, j`k

Xrmvnkcs j smurlc mf stcjky capgmyac`t/rcvcùc fmr sullcssfug jppgnlj`ts wem

andet `mt jlencvc tens mtecrwnsc.

[ercc ajn` jrcjs mf lm`lcr`?

Gnantck mppmrtu`ntncs tm jlqunrc `cw trj`sfcrjigc j`k ajrbctjigc sbnggs js wcgg js

tec trj`sntnm`jg jturc mf tec capgmyac`ttecrc ns j pcrlcptnm` tejt fcw nf j`ylm`tnùc tm ic gnvc-n` ljrcdnvcrs m`lc ijsnl rcqunrcac`ts tm jppgy fmr pcraj`c`t

rcsnkc`ly ejvc icc` sjtnsfnck,

Lm`lcr`s rcgjtck tm stmrncs mf nsmgjtnm`, jiusc j`k cxpgmntjtnm`, j`k

Xmtc`tnjg fmr jiusc mf tec prmdrja iy smac wem iy kcsnd` usc nt tm fjst trjlb fjangy

rcu`nfnljtnm` wntemut clcssjrngy sjtnsfyn`d tec jfmrcac`tnm`ck ijsnl rcqunrcac`ts.

Mvcrjgg, kcspntc pjrtnlnpj`ts frma smac mf tec lmaau`ntncs lm`sugtck sjyn`d tejt acaicrs mf

tecnr lmaau`nty wmugk `mt lm`snkcr usn`d tec GLX js j` naandrjtnm` lej``cg, amst fcgt tejt

tens prmdrja ejk acrnt, rcdjrkgcss mf wectecr tecy sjw nt js j` jvcùc fmr tecnr mw` lugturjg

lmaau`nty, j`k semugk ic ajn`tjn`ck nf tec `cck fmr tens sbngg sct lj``mt ic sjtnsfnck iy temsc

jgrcjky n` Lj`jkj.


14/21

Xjdc :. Ejvc ymu jttc`kck j knslussnm` drmup gnbc tens mr j ajrbct rcscjrle fmlus drmup n` tec gjst snxam`tes= NF "^C\" -[EJ@B J@K [CYAN@J[C

Z:8. N ja dmn`d tm rcjk ymu j scrncs mf jdc ljtcdmrncs, pgcjsc stmp ac wec` N dct tm tec m`c tejt jppgncs tmymu.

:5-


18/21

Xjdc :4

Z:9. Tenle mf tec fmggmwn`d ljtcdmrncs icst kcslrnics ymur tmtjg emuscemgk n`lmac= [ejt ns, tec tmtjgn`lmac mf jgg pcrsm`s n` ymur emuscemgk lmain`ck, icfmrc tjxcs= (YCJK GN\[2 C@\SYC J DMMK

ANUAJU MF [TM GC\\ [EJ@ $68B XCY \C\\NM@)

S`kcr $98,888 AJU 9 XCY DYMSX

$98,888 tm oust u`kcr $;8,888

$;8,888 tm oust u`kcr $68,888

$68,888 tm oust u`kcr $58,888

$58,888 tm oust u`kcr $:88,888

$:88,888 tm oust u`kcr $:38,888

$:38,888 j`k jimvc

****(N@ CJLE GMLJ[NM@, XGCJ\C C@\SYC :8 XJY[NLNXJ@[\ JYC YCLYSN[CK FMY 5-:8 [M \EMT)****

Z:


19/21

Xjdc :5

fcajgcJdc, N`lmac? Anx

Dc`kcr? Anx mf ajgc j`k fcajgcJdc, N`lmac? Anx

Ynleam`k Am`kjy

Fcirujry :4te

Gj`dujdc?Aj`kjrn`Lmaau`nty*? Len`csc^cjrs mf rcsnkc`lc? 73 ycjrs

Dc`kcr? Anx mf ajgc j`kfcajgcJdc, N`lmac? Anx

Gj`dujdc? Aj`kjrn`Lmaau`nty*? Len`csc^cjrs mf rcsnkc`lc? Anx mf 3-:8

ycjrs, j`k ::-98 ycjrs (fmlus m` 3-:8 ycjrs)Dc`kcr? Anx mf ajgc j`k fcajgcJdc, N`lmac? Anx

\urrcy [ucskjy

Fcirujry :5te

Gj`dujdc? Xu`ojinLmaau`nty*? N`km-Lj`jknj`^cjrs mf rcsnkc`lc? 73 ycjrsDc`kcr? Anx mf ajgc j`kfcajgcJdc, N`lmac? Anx

Gj`dujdc? Xu`ojinLmaau`nty*? N`km-Lj`jknj`^cjrs mf rcsnkc`lc? Anx mf 3-:8ycjrs, j`k ::-98 ycjrs (fmlus m` 3-:8 ycjrs)Dc`kcr? Anx mf ajgc j`k fcajgcJdc, N`lmac? Anx

Tn``npcd Tck`cskjy

Fcirujry :>te

Gj`dujdc? C`dgnse

Lmaau`nty*? Fngnpn`m^cjrs mf rcsnkc`lc? 73 ycjrsDc`kcr? Anx mf ajgc j`kfcajgcJdc, N`lmac? Anx

Gj`dujdc? C`dgnse

Lmaau`nty*? Fngnpn`m^cjrs mf rcsnkc`lc? Anx mf 3-:8ycjrs, j`k ::-98 ycjrs (fmlus m` 3-:8 ycjrs)Dc`kcr? Anx mf ajgc j`k fcajgcJdc, N`lmac? Anx


20/21

Xjdc :>

>.8 Amkcrjtmrs Dunkc

AMKCYJ[MY\ DSNKC? NAANDYJ[NM@ N\\SC\ 98:;

N@[YMKSL[NM@ (3 anùtcs)

TJYA SX? DC@CYJG LM@[CU[ (38 anùtcs)

Nk gnbc tm stjrt wnte j fjnrgy irmjk qucstnm`. [en`bn`d mf tec nssucs fjln`d Lj`jkj tmkjy, wenle m`c wmugk

ymu sjy tec Dmvcràc`t mf Lj`jkj (tejt ns tec fckcrjg dmvcràc t) semugk fmlus m` amst= FGNX LEJY[

XYMIC[Y^ [M C@\SYC XJY[NLNXJ@[\ FMLS\ M@ FCKCYJG DMVCY@AC@[ N\\SC\

Tejt ajbcs ymu sjy tejt= Tey km ymu fccg tens ns [EC AM\[ NAXMY[J@[ nssuc= Nf tec

c`vnrmàc`t ns rjnsckwejt spclnfnljggy ns tec nssuc mr lm`lcr` ecrc= Ns nt lgnajtc lej`dc mr jnr

pmggutnm`= Nf ecjgte ljrc ns rjnsckwejt spclnfnljggy ns tec lm`lcr`=

@cw Lntnzc`senp Jlt

Ejvc ymu ecjrk mf rclc`t Dmvcràc`t mf Lj`jkj j``mu`lcac`ts rcdjrkn`d tec `cw Lntnzc`senp

Jlt= Nf sm, wejt ejvc ymu ecjrk= (Xrmic nf `cckckjwjrc`css mf lej`dcs tm gmwcr prmlcssn`dtnacs fmr lntnzc`senp drj`ts2 n`lrcjsc n` lntnzc`senp fccs sm tejt jppgnlj`ts pjy amrc mf tec

prmlcssn`d lmsts (vs. tjxpjycrs)2 strc`dtec`n`d rcsnkc ly rcqunrcac`ts tm fmur ycjrs mut mf snx

(vs. prcvnmus tercc ycjrs mut mf fmur)2 j`k fjst trjlbn`d lntnzc`senp fmr acaicrs mf tec Lj`jknj`

jrack fmrlcs=)

NAANDYJ[NM@ \^\[CA (;8 anùtcs)

N ejvc j` cxcrlnsc N wmugk gnbc tm km wnte ymu `mw. N ja dmn`d tm ej`k ymu j secct wnte smac wmrks tejt

andet ic usck tm kcslrnic Lj`jkjs naandrjtnm` prmdrja. N wmugk gnbc ymu tm tjbc j gmmb j`k lnrlgc tec

m`c tejt stj`ks mut fmr ymu tec amst (\CC J[[JLECK).

Tey kmcs tens wmrk stj`k mut fmr ymu= Ns nt pmsntnvc mr `cdjtnvc= Knsluss.

Xrmic fmr?

m Km j`y mf tecsc wmrks kcslrnic ymurcxpcrnc`lcs wnte Lj`jkjs naandrjtnm` prmdrja=

Emw sm=

m Tejt jimut ymur lmaau`ntyjs j wemgckm ymu ten`b j`y mf tecsc wmrks kcslrnic tec

cxpcrnc`lc mf ymur lmaau`nty wnte Lj`jkjs naandrjtnm` prmdrja= Emw sm=

@mw Nk gnbc tm tjgb jimut tec knffcrc`t wjys tejt pcmpgc naandrjtc tm Lj`jkj. Tejt jrc smac mf tec

knffcrc`t ljtcdmrncs tejt pcmpgc lj` jppgy tm lmac tm Lj`jkj= S\C FGNX LEJY[, XYMAX[ NF @CLC\\JY^?

Clm`manl andrj`ts? tejt ns, sbnggck wmrbcrs.

Fjangy lgjss? tec naacknjtc j`k cxtc`kck fjangy mf pcmpgc jgrcjky n` Lj`jkj.

Ycfudccscsljpn`d pcrsclutnm`.

N`vcstmrs j`k c`trcprc`curs.

Fmrcnd` stukc`ts.

Tenle mf tecsc naandrjtnm` ljtcdmrncs km ymu ten`b ns amst napmrtj`t= Tey=

Km ymu ten`b Lj`jkj ejs tec rndet prnmrntncs wec` nt lmacs tm tecsc ljtcdmrncs=

Ejvc ymu ecjrk j`yten`d rclc`tgy jimut j`y Dmvcràc`t mf Lj`jkj jltnm`s wnte rcspclt tm tec

naandrjtnm` ljtcdmrncs wc tjgbck jimut= Tejt ejvc ymu ecjrk=


21/21

Tejt ejvc ymu ecjrk jimut tec Gnvc-n` Ljrcdnvcr Xrmdrja=

Xrmic fmr b`mwgckdc j`k vncws mf?

- Xcrsm`jg cxpcrnc`lc wnte tec prmdrja. \cgf/fjangy/frnc`ks

- Xcrsm`jg lm`tjlt wnte Gnvc-n` Ljrcdnvcr Xrmdrja

Emw fjangnjr wmugk ymu sjy ymu jrc wnte tec Gnvc-n` Ljrcdnvcr Xrmdrja= Tec` j`k wecrc km

ymu/ pcmpgc n` ymur lmaau`nty dct n`fmrajtnm` m` tens prmdrja= Ns j`y jkkntnm`jg n`fmrajtnm`

`cckck=

Xrmic fmr b`mwgckdc j`k vncws mf?

Tejt tecy ejvc ecjrk jimut nt. Tem uscs tec prmdrja= Mtecrs=

Xcmpgc enrck js gnvc-n` ljrcdnvcrs= Lgmsc frnc`ks mr fjangy acaicrs=

Tejt jrc tec ic`cfnts mf tec prmdrja= J`y krjwijlbs=

Km ymu ejvc j`y suddcstnm`s mr lej`dcs tm prmpmsc wnte rcdjrk tm tec prmdrja=

Naprmvcac`ts=

Cxprcssnm` mf N`tcrcst

[en`bn`d ijlb tm wec` ymu kclnkck tm gcjvc ymur lmu`try?

Jt tejt tnac, emw knk ymu kctcran`c tejt Lj`jkj wjs tec rndet lmu`try fmr ymu=

Tejt wjs tec kclnkn`d fjltmr tejt lm`vn`lck ymu tejt Lj`jkj wjs tec rndet pgjlc fmr ymu (omis,

stj`kjrk mf gnvn`d, ctl.)=

Tejt tmmgs knk ymu usc tm djtecr n`fmrajtnm` m` Lj`jkj=

Ejvc ymu ecjrk jimut tec dmvcràc`ts pgj`s rcdjrkn`d j` Cxprcssnm` mf N`tcrcst systca= Tejt

ejvc ymu ecjrk= Km ymu b`mw j`ym`c wem wmugk ic n`tcrcstck n` jppgyn`d tm sule j systca= Vncws m`

wectecr snx-am`te prmlcssn`d tnac wmugk ic j rcjsm`jigc jamu`t mf tnac fmr jppgnlj`ts tm wjnt.

LM@LGS\NM@ (3 anùtcs)

@mw tejt wcvc ejk j lej`lc tm knsluss tecsc nssucs, N wmugk gnbc ymu tm lmapgctc m`c fn`jg cxcrlnsc

icfmrc wc c`k mur knslussnm` tm`ndet. [en`bn`d jimut cvcryten d wc ejvc tjgbck jimut, wejt ns tec m`c

ten`d tejt tec fckcrjg dmvcràc`t semugk ic fmlusn`d m` amst wec` nt lmacs tm naandrj`ts tm

Lj`jkj=

Tc ejvc lmvcrck j gmt mf tmpnls tmkjy j`k rcjggy jpprclnjtc ymu tjbn`d tec tnac j`k cffmrt tm lmac ecrc

j`k dnvc us ymur mpn`nm`. ^mur n`put ns vcry napmrtj`t j`k n`sndetfug! [m lm`lgukc, N wj`t tm jsb ymu

wectecr ymu ejvc j`y gjst temudets tejt ymu wmugk gnbc tm dnvc tec Dmvcràc`t mf Lj`jkj.

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