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Students as catalysts for regeneration. Moira Munro University of Glasgow. March 2010. Key questions. What are students’ impacts on urban areas? As residents As workers And are there differential regional regeneration impacts?. Methods. Large scale analysis of census; LFS and APS data - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Students as catalysts for Students as catalysts for regenerationregeneration
Moira MunroMoira MunroUniversity of Glasgow.University of Glasgow.March 2010.March 2010.
Key questionsKey questions What are students’ impacts on urban What are students’ impacts on urban
areas?areas? As residents As residents As workersAs workers
And are there differential regional And are there differential regional regeneration impacts?regeneration impacts?
MethodsMethods1.1. Large scale analysis of census; LFS Large scale analysis of census; LFS
and APS dataand APS data2.2. Case study – qualitative workCase study – qualitative work3.3. Employers’ surveyEmployers’ survey
Case studiesCase studies
Glasgow
Belfast
Cardiff
Nottingham
Sunderland
Context: Growth of student Context: Growth of student no.sno.s
1995/6-2007/81995/6-2007/8
Nottingham24.6%
Cardiff64.0%
Glasgow22.7%
Belfast18.6%
Sunderland24.4%
UK: 39.5%
Impacts: studentificationImpacts: studentification
And more positively…And more positively… Café cultureCafé culture Benefits to Benefits to local local
businessesbusinesses More strongly More strongly
expressed where expressed where students more ‘novel’students more ‘novel’
Policy for new Policy for new universities?universities?
StudenStudents as ts as workers: workers:
Employer SurveyEmployer Survey Key types of student employer:Key types of student employer:
Retail – supermarkets; high streetRetail – supermarkets; high street Hospitality – hotels, barsHospitality – hotels, bars Call centresCall centres EventsEvents
Do students displace local Do students displace local workers?workers?
Attractive workers – bright, Attractive workers – bright, motivated, soft skills?motivated, soft skills?
Evidence – more mixedEvidence – more mixed
Are students more or less Are students more or less attractive as workers than local attractive as workers than local
young peopleyoung people More – 27%More – 27% Less – 9%Less – 9% Same – 64%Same – 64%Do you actively seek to recruit Do you actively seek to recruit
students?students? Yes – 28%Yes – 28% No – 72%No – 72%
Students as workersStudents as workers58% 58% AttractiveAttractive
chsticschstics 22% - Flexibility22% - Flexibility 12% - Young, 12% - Young,
energy, energy, enthusiasticenthusiastic
11% - need work, 11% - need work, motivatedmotivated
57% 57% unattractiveunattractive 36% - unreliable36% - unreliable 21% - less 21% - less
motivatedmotivated 17% - lack of 17% - lack of
flexibility/availabilitflexibility/availability y
Do students displace local Do students displace local workers?workers?
Attractive workers – bright, motivated, Attractive workers – bright, motivated, soft skills?soft skills?
Evidence – more mixedEvidence – more mixed Strongly segmented part of labour Strongly segmented part of labour
force:force: Flexibility – un-social hoursFlexibility – un-social hours Part-time, uncertain, casualised.Part-time, uncertain, casualised. Symbiotic with 24 hour economySymbiotic with 24 hour economy
Do students drive down wages Do students drive down wages or conditions in local labour or conditions in local labour
markets?markets? Part of high churn, high turnover Part of high churn, high turnover
marketmarket Employers said they treated all Employers said they treated all
employees the sameemployees the same High supply of students likely to High supply of students likely to
reduce any upward pressurereduce any upward pressure
Broader economic impactsBroader economic impacts
Type Student origin Student destination Local ladder Local Local Springboard Local Elsewhere Magnet Elsewhere Local Training ground Elsewhere Elsewhere
More complex pictureMore complex picture
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Belfast
Nottingham
Sunderland
Glasgow
Cardiff
Local->LocalLocal-> ElsewhereElsewhere->LocalElsewhere->Elsewhere
Majority of local students stay Majority of local students stay locallocal
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Belfast Nottingham Sunderland Glasgow Cardiff
% Local students who stay% Outside students who stay
Do students attract Do students attract businesses?businesses?
Some evidence:Some evidence: Local businessesLocal businesses Contact centres – ‘hygiene’ issueContact centres – ‘hygiene’ issue
Do students add to regional talent Do students add to regional talent pool?pool? Bread and butter work vs internshipsBread and butter work vs internships
Didn’t find regional differences..Didn’t find regional differences..
Policy ImplicationsPolicy Implications Growth in student numbers largely Growth in student numbers largely
left to be accommodated by markets:left to be accommodated by markets: Remarkably efficient private rented Remarkably efficient private rented
sector responsesector response Ready supply of student jobsReady supply of student jobs Catch-up response by LAs; UniversitiesCatch-up response by LAs; Universities
Looking to the futureLooking to the future Student number decline?Student number decline? Student jobs in economic downturn?Student jobs in economic downturn? Reduced student contribution to Reduced student contribution to
some local economies…some local economies… Potential for more joined up thinking?Potential for more joined up thinking?