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English Language Assessment Instruments IV-47
____________________PART IV: TOPICS IN ADULT ESL EDUCATION & FAMILY LITERACY
Student Performance Level (SPL) descriptors for listening and oral communication
Functions minimally, if at all, in English. Can handle only very routine entry-level jobs that do not require oral communication, and in which all tasks can be easily demonstrated. A native speaker used to dealing with limited English speakers can rarely communicate with a person at this level except through gestures.
Understands only a few isolated words, and extremely simple learned phrases.
Vocabulary limited to a few isolated words. No control of grammar.
Functions in a very limited way in situations related to immediate needs. Can handle only routine entry-level jobs that do not require oral communication, and in which all tasks can be easily demonstrated. A native English speaker used to dealing with limited English speakers will have great difficulty communicating with a person at this level.
Understands a limited number of very simple learned phrases, spoken slowly with frequent repetitions.
Expresses a limited number of immediate survival needs using very simple learned phrases.
Functions with some difficulty in situations related to immediate needs. Can handle routine entry-level jobs that involve only the most basic oral communication, and in which all tasks can be demonstrated. A native English speaker used to dealing with limited English speakers will have great difficulty communicating with a person at this level.
Understands simple learned phrases, spoken slowly with frequent repetitions.
Expresses immediate survival needs using simple learned phrases.
General Language Ability
Listening Comprehension
Oral Communication
No ability whatsoever
No ability whatsoever
No ability whatsoeverLevel
0Level
1
Level
2
Level
3
IV-48 English Language Assessment Instruments
PART IV: TOPICS IN ADULT ESL EDUCATION & FAMILY LITERACY___________________
Can satisfy basic survival needs and a few very routine social demands. Can handle entry-level jobs that involve some simple oral communication, but in which tasks can be easily demonstrated. A native English speaker used to dealing with limited English speakers will have difficulty communicating with a person at this level.
Understands simple learned phrases easily, and some simple new phrases containing familiar vocabulary, spoken slowly with frequent repetitions.
Expresses basic survival needs including asking and responding to related questions, using both learned and a limited number of new phrases. Participates in basic conversations in a few very routine social situations. Speaks with hesitation and frequent pauses. Some control of basic grammar.
General Language Ability
Listening Comprehension
Oral Communication
Level
4
Can satisfy basic survival needs and some limited social demands. Can handle jobs and job training that involve following simple oral instructions but in which most tasks can also be demonstrated. A native English speaker used to dealing with limited English speakers will have some difficulty communicating with a person at this level.
Understands learned phrases easily and short new phrases containing familiar vocabulary spoken slowly with repetition. Has limited ability to understand on the telephone.
Functions independently in most face-to-face basic survival situations but needs some help. Asks and responds to direct questions on familiar and some unfamiliar subjects. Still relies on learned phrases but also uses new phrases (i.e., speaks with some creativity) but with hesitation and pauses. Communicates on the phone to express a limited number of survival needs, but with some difficulty. Participates in basic conversations in a limited number of social situations. Can occasionally clarify general meaning by simple rewording. Increasing, but inconsistent control of basic grammar.
Level
5
Student Performance Level (SPL) descriptors for listening and oral communication (continued)
English Language Assessment Instruments IV-49
____________________PART IV: TOPICS IN ADULT ESL EDUCATION & FAMILY LITERACY
Can satisfy most survival needs and limited social demands. Can handle jobs and job training that involve following simple oral and written instructions and diagrams. A native English speaker not used to dealing with limited English speakers will be able to communicate with a person at this level on familiar topics, but with difficulty and some effort.
Understands conversations containing some unfamiliar vocabulary on many everyday subjects, with a need for repetition, rewording or slower speech. Has some ability to understand without face-to-face contact (e.g. on the telephone, TV).
Functions independently in most survival situations, but needs some help. Relies less on learned phrases; speaks with creativity, but with hesitation. Communicates on the phone on familiar subjects but with some difficulty. Participates with some confidence in social situations when addressed directly. Can sometimes clarify general meaning by rewording. Control of basic grammar evident, but inconsistent; may attempt to use more difficult grammar but with almost no control.
General Language Ability
Listening Comprehension
Oral Communication
Level
6
Can satisfy survival needs and routine work and social demands. Can handle work that involves following oral and simple written instructions in familiar and some unfamiliar situations. A native English speaker not used to dealing with limited English speakers can generally communicate with a person at this level on familiar topics.
Understands conversations on most everyday subjects at normal speed when addressed directly; may need repetition, rewording, or slower speech. Understands routine work-related conversations. Increasing ability to understand without face-to-face contact (telephone, TV, radio). Has difficulty following conversation between native speakers.
Functions independently in survival and many social and work situations, but may need help occasionally. Communicates on the phone on familiar subjects. Expands on basic ideas in conversation, but still speaks with hesitation while searching for appropriate vocabulary and grammar. Clarifies general meaning easily, and can sometimes convey exact meaning. Controls basic grammar, but not more difficult grammar.
Level
7
Student Performance Level (SPL) descriptors for listening and oral communication (continued)
IV-50 English Language Assessment Instruments
PART IV: TOPICS IN ADULT ESL EDUCATION & FAMILY LITERACY___________________
Drawn from:
Grognet, A. G. (1997). Performance-based curricula and outcomes: The mainstream English language training project (MELT) Updated for the 1990s and beyond. Denver, CO: Spring Institute for International Studies.
Office of Refugee Resettlement (DHHS). (1985). Competency-based mainstream English language training project (MELT) resource package. Washington, DC: Author. (Alexandria, VA: ERIC Document Reproduction Service, No. ED 264 384, 232 pp.)
Can participate effectively in social and familiar work situations. A native English speaker not used to dealing with limited English speakers can communicate with a person at this level on almost all topics.
Understands general conversation and conversation on technical subjects in own field. Understands without face-to-face contact (telephone, TV, radio); may have difficulty following rapid or colloquial speech. Understands most conversations between native speakers; may miss details if speech is very rapid or colloquial or if subject is unfamiliar.
Participates effectively in practical and social conversation and in technical discussions in own field. Speaks fluently in both familiar and unfamiliar situations; can handle problem situations. Conveys and explains exact meaning of complex ideas. Good control of grammar.
General Language Ability
Listening Comprehension
Oral Communication
Level
8
Can participate fluently and accurately in practical, social, and work situations. A native English speaker not used to dealing with limited English speakers can communicate easily with a person at this level.
Understands almost all speech in any context. Occasionally confused by highly colloquial or regional speech.
Approximates a native speaker’s fluency and ability to convey own ideas precisely, even in unfamiliar situations. Speaks without effort. Excellent control of grammar with no apparent patterns of weakness.
Level
9
Level
10Ability equal to that of a native speaker of the same socioeconomic level.
Equal to that of a native speaker of the same socioeconomic level.
Equal to that of a native speaker of the same socioeconomic level.
Student Performance Level (SPL) descriptors for listening and oral communication (continued)
English Language Assessment Instruments IV-51
____________________PART IV: TOPICS IN ADULT ESL EDUCATION & FAMILY LITERACY
Nat
iona
l Rep
ortin
g Sy
stem
(NRS
) ESL
func
tioni
ng le
vel d
escr
ipto
rs
4
Out
com
e M
easu
re D
efin
ition
sED
UC
ATI
ON
AL
FUN
CTI
ON
ING
LEVE
LD
ESC
RIP
TOR
S—EN
GLI
SH-A
S-A
-SEC
ON
DLA
NG
UA
GE
LEVE
LS
Lite
racy
Leve
lSp
eaki
ng a
nd L
iste
ning
Bas
ic R
eadi
ng a
nd W
ritin
gFu
nctio
nal a
nd W
orkp
lace
Ski
llsB
egin
ning
ESL
Lite
racy
Test
ben
chm
ark:
CAS
AS (a
ll):
180
and
belo
wSP
L (S
peak
ing)
0-1
SPL
(Rea
ding
and
Writ
ing)
0-1
Ora
l BES
T: 0
-15
BEST
Plu
s: 4
00 a
nd b
elow
Lite
racy
BES
T: 0
-7
Indi
vidu
al c
anno
t spe
ak o
r und
erst
and
Engl
ish,
or u
nder
stan
ds o
nly
isol
ated
wor
ds o
r phr
ases
.In
divi
dual
has
no
or m
inim
al re
adin
g or
writ
ing
skills
in a
ny la
ngua
ge. M
ay h
ave
little
or n
oco
mpr
ehen
sion
of h
ow p
rint c
orre
spon
ds to
spok
en la
ngua
ge a
nd m
ay h
ave
diffi
culty
usi
nga
writ
ing
inst
rum
ent.
Indi
vidu
al fu
nctio
ns m
inim
ally
or n
ot a
t all
inEn
glis
h an
d ca
n co
mm
unic
ate
only
thro
ugh
gest
ures
or a
few
isol
ated
wor
ds, s
uch
asna
me
and
othe
r per
sona
l inf
orm
atio
n; m
ayre
cogn
ize
only
com
mon
sig
ns o
r sym
bols
(e.g
.,st
op s
ign,
pro
duct
logo
s); c
an h
andl
e on
ly v
ery
rout
ine
entry
-leve
l job
s th
at d
o no
t req
uire
ora
lor
writ
ten
com
mun
icat
ion
in E
nglis
h. T
here
isno
kno
wle
dge
or u
se o
f com
pute
rs o
rte
chno
logy
.B
egin
ning
ESL
Test
ben
chm
ark:
CAS
AS (a
ll): 1
81-2
00SP
L (S
peak
ing)
2-3
SPL
(Rea
ding
and
Writ
ing)
2-4
Ora
l BES
T 16
-41
BEST
Plu
s: 4
01-4
38Li
tera
cy B
EST:
8-4
6
Indi
vidu
al c
an u
nder
stan
d fre
quen
tly u
sed
wor
ds in
con
text
and
ver
y si
mpl
e ph
rase
ssp
oken
slo
wly
and
with
som
e re
petit
ion;
ther
eis
littl
e co
mm
unic
ativ
e ou
tput
and
onl
y in
the
mos
t rou
tine
situ
atio
ns; l
ittle
or n
o co
ntro
l ove
rba
sic
gram
mar
; sur
viva
l nee
ds c
an b
eco
mm
unic
ated
sim
ply,
and
ther
e is
som
eun
ders
tand
ing
of s
impl
e qu
estio
ns.
Indi
vidu
al c
an re
cogn
ize,
read
and
writ
enu
mbe
rs a
nd le
tters
, but
has
a li
mite
dun
ders
tand
ing
of c
onne
cted
pro
se a
nd m
ayne
ed fr
eque
nt re
-read
ing;
can
writ
e a
limite
dnu
mbe
r of b
asic
sig
ht w
ords
and
fam
iliar w
ords
and
phra
ses;
may
als
o be
abl
e to
writ
e si
mpl
ese
nten
ces
or p
hras
es, i
nclu
ding
ver
y si
mpl
em
essa
ges.
Can
writ
e ba
sic
pers
onal
info
rmat
ion.
Nar
rativ
e w
ritin
g is
dis
orga
nize
dan
d un
clea
r; in
cons
iste
ntly
use
s si
mpl
epu
nctu
atio
n (e
.g.,
perio
ds, c
omm
as, q
uest
ion
mar
ks);
cont
ains
freq
uent
erro
rs in
spe
lling.
Indi
vidu
al fu
nctio
ns w
ith d
iffic
ulty
in s
ituat
ions
rela
ted
to im
med
iate
nee
ds a
nd in
lim
ited
soci
al s
ituat
ions
; has
som
e si
mpl
e or
alco
mm
unic
atio
n ab
ilitie
s us
ing
sim
ple
lear
ned
and
repe
ated
phr
ases
; may
nee
d fre
quen
tre
petit
ion;
can
pro
vide
per
sona
l inf
orm
atio
n on
sim
ple
form
s; c
an re
cogn
ize
com
mon
form
s of
prin
t fou
nd in
the
hom
e an
d en
viro
nmen
t, su
chas
labe
ls a
nd p
rodu
ct n
ames
; can
han
dle
rout
ine
entry
leve
l job
s th
at re
quire
onl
y th
em
ost b
asic
writ
ten
or o
ral E
nglis
hco
mm
unic
atio
n an
d in
whi
ch jo
b ta
sks
can
bede
mon
stra
ted.
The
re is
min
imal
kno
wle
dge
orex
perie
nce
usin
g co
mpu
ters
or t
echn
olog
y.Lo
w In
term
edia
te E
SLTe
st b
ench
mar
k:C
ASAS
(all)
: 201
-210
SPL
(Spe
akin
g) 4
SPL
(Rea
ding
and
Writ
ing)
5O
ral B
EST:
42-
50BE
ST P
lus:
439
-472
Lite
racy
BES
T: 4
7-53
Indi
vidu
al c
an u
nder
stan
d si
mpl
e le
arne
dph
rase
s an
d lim
ited
new
phr
ases
con
tain
ing
fam
iliar v
ocab
ular
y sp
oken
slo
wly
with
freq
uent
repe
titio
n; c
an a
sk a
nd re
spon
d to
que
stio
nsus
ing
such
phr
ases
; can
exp
ress
bas
ic s
urvi
val
need
s an
d pa
rtici
pate
in s
ome
rout
ine
soci
alco
nver
satio
ns, a
lthou
gh w
ith s
ome
diffi
culty
;ha
s so
me
cont
rol o
f bas
ic g
ram
mar
.
Indi
vidu
al c
an re
ad s
impl
e m
ater
ial o
n fa
milia
rsu
bjec
ts a
nd c
ompr
ehen
d si
mpl
e an
dco
mpo
und
sent
ence
s in
sin
gle
or li
nked
para
grap
hs c
onta
inin
g a
fam
iliar v
ocab
ular
y;ca
n w
rite
sim
ple
note
s an
d m
essa
ges
onfa
milia
r situ
atio
ns, b
ut la
cks
clar
ity a
nd fo
cus.
Sent
ence
stru
ctur
e la
cks
varie
ty, b
ut s
how
sso
me
cont
rol o
f bas
ic g
ram
mar
(e.g
., pr
esen
tan
d pa
st te
nse)
, and
con
sist
ent u
se o
fpu
nctu
atio
n (e
.g.,
perio
ds, c
apita
lizat
ion)
.
Indi
vidu
al c
an in
terp
ret s
impl
e di
rect
ions
and
sche
dule
s, s
igns
and
map
s; c
an fi
ll ou
t sim
ple
form
s, b
ut n
eeds
sup
port
on s
ome
docu
men
tsth
at a
re n
ot s
impl
ified
; can
han
dle
rout
ine
entry
leve
l job
s th
at in
volv
e so
me
writ
ten
or o
ral
Engl
ish
com
mun
icat
ion,
but
in w
hich
job
task
sca
n be
dem
onst
rate
d. I
ndiv
idua
l can
use
sim
ple
com
pute
r pro
gram
s an
d ca
n pe
rform
ase
quen
ce o
f rou
tine
task
s gi
ven
dire
ctio
nsus
ing
tech
nolo
gy (e
.g.,
fax
mac
hine
,co
mpu
ter).
.
National Reporting System (NRS) ESL functioning level descriptors
IV-52 English Language Assessment Instruments
PART IV: TOPICS IN ADULT ESL EDUCATION & FAMILY LITERACY___________________
Nat
iona
l Rep
ortin
g Sy
stem
(NRS
) ESL
func
tioni
ng le
vel d
escr
ipto
rs
5
Out
com
e M
easu
re D
efin
ition
sED
UC
ATI
ON
AL
FUN
CTI
ON
ING
LEVE
LD
ESC
RIP
TOR
S—EN
GLI
SH-A
S-A
-SEC
ON
DLA
NG
UA
GE
LEVE
LS
Lite
racy
Leve
lSp
eaki
ng a
nd L
iste
ning
Bas
ic R
eadi
ng a
nd W
ritin
gFu
nctio
nal a
nd W
orkp
lace
Ski
llsH
igh
Inte
rmed
iate
ESL
Test
ben
chm
ark:
CAS
AS (a
ll): 2
11-2
20SP
L (S
peak
ing)
5SP
L (R
eadi
ng a
nd W
ritin
g) 6
Ora
l BES
T: 5
1-57
BEST
Plu
s: 4
73-5
06Li
tera
cy B
EST:
54-
65
Indi
vidu
al c
an u
nder
stan
d le
arne
d ph
rase
s an
dsh
ort n
ew p
hras
es c
onta
inin
g fa
milia
rvo
cabu
lary
spo
ken
slow
ly a
nd w
ith s
ome
repe
titio
n; c
an c
omm
unic
ate
basi
c su
rviv
alne
eds
with
som
e he
lp; c
an p
artic
ipat
e in
conv
ersa
tion
in li
mite
d so
cial
situ
atio
ns a
ndus
e ne
w p
hras
es w
ith h
esita
tion;
relie
s on
desc
riptio
n an
d co
ncre
te te
rms.
The
re is
inco
nsis
tent
con
trol o
f mor
e co
mpl
ex g
ram
mar
.
Indi
vidu
al c
an re
ad te
xt o
n fa
milia
r sub
ject
sth
at h
ave
a si
mpl
e an
d cl
ear u
nder
lyin
gst
ruct
ure
(e.g
., cl
ear m
ain
idea
, chr
onol
ogic
alor
der);
can
use
con
text
to d
eter
min
e m
eani
ng;
can
inte
rpre
t act
ions
requ
ired
in s
peci
fic w
ritte
ndi
rect
ions
, can
writ
e si
mpl
e pa
ragr
aphs
with
mai
n id
ea a
nd s
uppo
rting
det
ail o
n fa
milia
rto
pics
(e.g
., da
ily a
ctiv
ities
, per
sona
l iss
ues)
by
reco
mbi
ning
lear
ned
voca
bula
ry a
ndst
ruct
ures
; can
sel
f and
pee
r edi
t for
spe
lling
and
punc
tuat
ion
erro
rs.
Indi
vidu
al c
an m
eet b
asic
sur
viva
l and
soc
ial
need
s, c
an fo
llow
som
e si
mpl
e or
al a
nd w
ritte
nin
stru
ctio
n an
d ha
s so
me
abilit
y to
com
mun
icat
e on
the
tele
phon
e on
fam
iliar
subj
ects
; can
writ
e m
essa
ges
and
note
sre
late
d to
bas
ic n
eeds
; com
plet
e ba
sic
med
ical
form
s an
d jo
b ap
plic
atio
ns; c
an h
andl
e jo
bsth
at in
volv
e ba
sic
oral
inst
ruct
ions
and
writ
ten
com
mun
icat
ion
in ta
sks
that
can
be
clar
ified
oral
ly.
The
indi
vidu
al c
an w
ork
with
or l
earn
basi
c co
mpu
ter s
oftw
are,
suc
h as
wor
dpr
oces
sing
; can
follo
w s
impl
e in
stru
ctio
ns fo
rus
ing
tech
nolo
gy.
6
Out
com
e M
easu
re D
efin
ition
sED
UC
ATI
ON
AL
FUN
CTI
ON
ING
LEVE
LD
ESC
RIP
TOR
S—EN
GLI
SH-A
S-A
-SEC
ON
DLA
NG
UA
GE
LEVE
LS
Lite
racy
Leve
lSp
eaki
ng a
nd L
iste
ning
Bas
ic R
eadi
ng a
nd W
ritin
gFu
nctio
nal a
nd W
orkp
lace
Ski
llsLo
w A
dvan
ced
ESL
Test
ben
chm
ark:
CAS
AS (A
ll): 2
21-2
35SP
L (S
peak
ing)
6SP
L (R
eadi
ng a
nd W
ritin
g) 7
Ora
l BES
T 58
-64
BEST
Plu
s: 5
07-5
40Li
tera
cy B
EST:
66
and
abov
e
Indi
vidu
al c
an c
onve
rse
on m
any
ever
yday
subj
ects
and
som
e su
bjec
ts w
ith u
nfam
iliar
voca
bula
ry, b
ut m
ay n
eed
repe
titio
n, re
wor
ding
or s
low
er s
peec
h; c
an s
peak
cre
ativ
ely,
but
with
hes
itatio
n; c
an c
larif
y ge
nera
l mea
ning
by
rew
ordi
ng a
nd h
as c
ontro
l of b
asic
gra
mm
ar;
unde
rsta
nds
desc
riptiv
e an
d sp
oken
nar
rativ
ean
d ca
n co
mpr
ehen
d ab
stra
ct c
once
pts
infa
milia
r con
text
s.
Indi
vidu
al is
abl
e to
read
sim
ple
desc
riptio
nsan
d na
rrativ
es o
n fa
milia
r sub
ject
s or
from
whi
ch n
ew v
ocab
ular
y ca
n be
det
erm
ined
by
cont
ext;
can
mak
e so
me
min
imal
infe
renc
esab
out f
amilia
r tex
ts a
nd c
ompa
re a
nd c
ontra
stin
form
atio
n fro
m s
uch
text
s, b
ut n
otco
nsis
tent
ly.
The
indi
vidu
al c
an w
rite
sim
ple
narra
tive
desc
riptio
ns a
nd s
hort
essa
ys o
nfa
milia
r top
ics,
suc
h as
cus
tom
s in
nat
ive
coun
try; h
as c
onsi
sten
t use
of b
asic
punc
tuat
ion,
but
mak
es g
ram
mat
ical
erro
rsw
ith c
ompl
ex s
truct
ures
.
Indi
vidu
al c
an fu
nctio
n in
depe
nden
tly to
mee
tm
ost s
urvi
val n
eeds
and
can
com
mun
icat
e on
the
tele
phon
e on
fam
iliar t
opic
s; c
an in
terp
ret
sim
ple
char
ts a
nd g
raph
ics;
can
han
dle
jobs
that
requ
ire s
impl
e or
al a
nd w
ritte
n in
stru
ctio
ns,
mul
ti-st
ep d
iagr
ams
and
limite
d pu
blic
inte
ract
ion.
Th
e in
divi
dual
can
use
all
basi
cso
ftwar
e ap
plic
atio
ns, u
nder
stan
d th
e im
pact
of
tech
nolo
gy a
nd s
elec
t the
cor
rect
tech
nolo
gy in
a ne
w s
ituat
ion.
Hig
h A
dvan
ced
ESL
Test
ben
chm
ark:
CAS
AS (A
ll): 2
36-2
45SP
L (S
peak
ing)
7SP
L (R
eadi
ng a
nd W
ritin
g) 8
Ora
l BES
T 65
and
abo
veBE
ST P
lus:
541
-598
Exit
Crit
eria
: SPL
8 (B
EST
Plus
599
and
high
er)
Indi
vidu
al c
an u
nder
stan
d an
d pa
rtici
pate
effe
ctiv
ely
in fa
ce-to
-face
con
vers
atio
ns o
nev
eryd
ay s
ubje
cts
spok
en a
t nor
mal
spe
ed;
can
conv
erse
and
und
erst
and
inde
pend
ently
insu
rviv
al, w
ork
and
soci
al s
ituat
ions
; can
expa
nd o
n ba
sic
idea
s in
con
vers
atio
n, b
ut w
ithso
me
hesi
tatio
n; c
an c
larif
y ge
nera
l mea
ning
and
cont
rol b
asic
gra
mm
ar, a
lthou
gh s
till l
acks
tota
l con
trol o
ver c
ompl
ex s
truct
ures
.
Indi
vidu
al c
an re
ad a
uthe
ntic
mat
eria
ls o
nev
eryd
ay s
ubje
cts
and
can
hand
le m
ost
read
ing
rela
ted
to li
fe ro
les;
can
con
sist
ently
and
fully
inte
rpre
t des
crip
tive
narra
tives
on
fam
iliar t
opic
s an
d ga
in m
eani
ng fr
omun
fam
iliar t
opic
s; u
ses
incr
ease
d co
ntro
l of
lang
uage
and
mea
ning
-mak
ing
stra
tegi
es to
gain
mea
ning
of u
nfam
iliar t
exts
. Th
ein
divi
dual
can
writ
e m
ultip
arag
raph
ess
ays
with
a cl
ear i
ntro
duct
ion
and
deve
lopm
ent o
f ide
as;
writ
ing
cont
ains
wel
l for
med
sen
tenc
es,
appr
opria
te m
echa
nics
and
spe
lling,
and
few
gram
mat
ical
erro
rs.
Indi
vidu
al h
as a
gen
eral
abi
lity
to u
se E
nglis
hef
fect
ivel
y to
mee
t mos
t rou
tine
soci
al a
ndw
ork
situ
atio
ns; c
an in
terp
ret r
outin
e ch
arts
,gr
aphs
and
tabl
es a
nd c
ompl
ete
form
s; h
ashi
gh a
bilit
y to
com
mun
icat
e on
the
tele
phon
ean
d un
ders
tand
radi
o an
d te
levi
sion
; can
mee
tw
ork
dem
ands
that
requ
ire re
adin
g an
d w
ritin
gan
d ca
n in
tera
ct w
ith th
e pu
blic
. Th
e in
divi
dual
can
use
com
mon
sof
twar
e an
d le
arn
new
appl
icat
ions
; can
def
ine
the
purp
ose
ofso
ftwar
e an
d se
lect
new
app
licat
ions
appr
opria
tely
; can
inst
ruct
oth
ers
in u
se o
fso
ftwar
e an
d te
chno
logy
.
National Reporting System (NRS) ESL functioning level descriptors
Sour
ce: N
RS
Impl
emen
tatio
n G
uide
lines
, U.S
. Dep
artm
ent o
f Edu
caito
n, O
ffice
of V
ocat
iona
l and
Adu
lt Ed
ucat
ion.
http
://w
ww
.nrs
web
.org