Student O - MUN · Student O fficer M anual Platon School MUN. This guide is based on the ... Student Officer Manual | PS-MUN Conference 1 Chapter 1: PS-MUN Rules of Procedure rum

S t u d e n t O f f i c e r M a n u a l Platon School MUN

This guide is based on the Official Student Officers Manual (THIMUN XLII Session),

property of the Hague Model United Nations Conference

Student Officer Manual | PS-MUN Conference

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Chapter 1: PS-MUN Rules of Procedure

Quorum

Roll Call

Debate Mode

Points & Motions

Yielding the floor to other delegations

Amendment of the First Degree

Amendment of the Second Degree

Policy Statements

Voting

Duties of each Delegate

Note-passing

Funding

Miscellaneous

General Debate Overview

Overview of the Amendment of the 1st Degree Procedure during Debate

Overview of the Amendment of the 2nd Degree Procedure during Debate

PS-MUN Rules of Procedure

Amendment Sheet Sample

Co-submitter Sheet


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Quorum A session may be declared open by the Chairperson of each Committee, once 1/3 of

the members are present. We encourage the Chairpersons to keep a close track of

their Roll-Call list.

Roll Call Roll Call must be taken every time the Committee session adjourns. Delegates who

are often late should be reminded to come on time and if the tardiness continues,

please inform the Secretariat.

Please remember to ask for delegations that have not been called on after roll call.

Example: “We will now proceed with the Roll Call. Whenever you hear your country’s

name, please raise your placard high and state present”.

Debate Mode Open Debate is the mode followed in PS-MUN when debating resolutions. When

debating amendments the closed debate mode is followed.

Points & Motions Points during debate may NOT interrupt a speaker except for a Point of Personal

Privilege, which refers to audibility. Delegates may not just immediately state their

point, they must wait until the chair recogniees a Point.

Example: “Point of Information to the Chair”. “There has been a point of Information

in the house, could the delegate please raise and states his point”. “Is the Chair

aware…”

Points

Point of Personal Privilege

Refers to the comfort and well-being of the delegate

May only interrupt a speaker if it refers to audibility

May not refer to the content of a speech

Is not debatable

Does not require a second

Example: “Could the windows please be opened? It is very hot in here.”

Point of Parliamentary Inquiry

Point of information to the chair concerning Rules of Procedures

May NOT interrupt a speaker

Don’t simply overrule them because they are unknown


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Example: “Could the Chair please explain to the house what is meant by Open

debate?”-be aware of the fact that delegates can create their own points, but that is

not allowed. They can also accidentally use a different wording.

Point of Information to the Speaker

Always remain standing when the speaker is replying to your Point of

Information

A question directed to the delegate having the floor, and who has indicated

that he/she is willing to yield to points of information

Speaker asking the Point of Information may only speak if recognised by Chair

Must be formulated in the form of a question, i.e. “Is the speaker aware of

the fact that…” A short introductory statement may precede the question

Be fair and treat all delegates equally when recognising points of information

to a speaker

Example: “Could the honourable delegate, as she is the main submitter of this

resolution, please explain to the house what she implies with clause 3?”

Point of Information to the Chair

A question to the chair


Question referring to anything that does not fall under the category of Point

of Parliamentary Enquiry, Point of Order or Point of Personal Privilege

Chair to answer clearly and swiftly and move on with business

Example: “At what time do we adjourn for lunch?”

ALSO: Question asking for a statement by the Chair or clarification on an issue

Example: “Could the Chair please explain to the house, whether the Darfur Liberation

Army has signed the Darfur Peace Agreement?”–be aware, however, as some

delegates might use this in order to get their opinion across.

The respective Chair should hold a short statement and swiftly move on with

business

Point of Order

Delegates use this motion when they want to bring the Chair’s attention to a

speaker’s or another delegate’s mistake or violation of parliamentary

procedure, i.e. if the chair makes an error in the order of debate or in the

setting/observing of debate time


Is not debatable

Can only refer to something that just happened, direct reference, otherwise

call it “out of order”


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If used by delegate simply to cause disorder, again call it “out of order”

Take your time to explain your decision clearly so that all delegates

understand your arguments.

Example: “Is it in order for the delegate to yield the floor to another delegation since

the floor was previously yielded to him by Saudi Arabia?”

Right of reply

This is a short statement to a Speech by a delegate who has the floor

Entertained only in opening speeches by Student Ambassadors

Motions

Motion to approach the Chairs

When you want to speak to the Chair

Motion to move to the previous question

Calls for the closure of debate and a vote to be taken on the motion

(resolution/amendment) pending

When discussing an amendment, in time in favor, this motion means to move

to time against the amendment

May be moved by the Chair or a delegate, may not interrupt a speaker

Requires a “second” by the house, and is quickly voted upon if an objection is

voiced

May be overruled by Chair if time needs to be filled

Although delegates like to say “Motion to move directly into voting

procedure” the correct expression is “Motion to move to the previous

question”. Remind the delegates of this new wording

Chair needs to ask for objections

Motion to extend debate time

At the chairs’ discretion/ not debatable

Needs a second, if proposed by the house

Needs a simple majority or a ruling by the chair to be adopted (e.g. due to

lack of time or a guest speaker)

Motion to follow up It is used when a delegate wishes the speaker to clarify or elaborate on the answer to

the point of information just proposed by the same delegate. A motion to follow up

should NOT be used to ask an entirely different question, and the chair must object

to one as such.

Motion to divide the House It is used when the majority of the final vote on a much-disputed issue comes to a tie

to be considered conclusive. The house is then asked to vote again, but this time,

with no abstentions allowed.


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Motion to reconsider a resolution (This motion will be entertained only in the Specialieed Agencies)

Calls for a re-debate and a re-vote of a resolution that has already been

discussed (adopted)

Done at the end of all other business

Only necessary if no other draft resolutions on the issue are present

Needs 2/3 majority (abstentions are not in order)

Not debatable

Yielding the floor to other delegations The floor may be yielded by one delegation to another consecutively only

once

Points of Information are in order, even after yielding the floor to another

delegation

Amendments


An amendment is only in order if it is submitted to the Chair on the official

Amendment Sheet before the delegate obtain the floor, and must be easily

legible

Delegate moves the amendment, but the Chair reads it out slowly and clearly

for all delegates to note down

Only one amendment per amendment sheet will be in order

Delegations can vote for, against or abstain an Amendment

Amendment of the Second Degree

Can only be submitted in time against the Amendment of the First Degree,

and debate on this amendment does not count as time against the


Same procedure as for normal amendments

Debate on the Amendment of the First Degree will always be continued,

whether the Amendment of the Second Degree passes or fails

Voting Only member states of the UN may exercise a vote right. No NGO is allowed

to vote, on either amendments or resolutions

Delegates voting on a resolution or an amendment may vote in favour, against

or abstain

Delegates and NGOs voting on procedural matters, may only vote in favour or

against

During voting procedure, all points and motions are out of order, except the

Point of Order


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A resolution will pass if the number for exceeds the number against,

regardless of the number of abstentions; i.e. abstentions do not count either

for or against the adoption of a resolution; the Chairperson still has to record

the number of abstentions

A resolution or an amendment with a tied vote fails. Close votes should be

followed, upon request through the motion to divide the house (note that

abstentions are out of order). Chairs are to be flexible and use common sense

by “mood of the house” if a roll-call vote is really necessary

The Chair should not state his/her opinion whether an issue voted on is good

or bad; delegates tend to raise to Points of Order stating that the Chair

influences voting procedures. General statement such as “Passing resolutions

is good” is in order. A Chair must remain objective.

There are NO informal votes at PS-MUN; all votes are real and count!

The Chair after voting procedure announce the result: “With x votes in favour,

with y votes against, and n abstentions the resolution/amendment

passes/fails. Clapping is in/out of order”.

Policy Statements A policy statement is a document that briefly and clearly explain the policies of a

country/organieation with respect to the issues dealt with at the conference.

There are two important reasons for drawing up this document:

Delegates focus on the exact points of view of their country/organieation;

Also, it serves as a reference document for delegates during the Conference.

Thus, policy statements may provide an excellent tool in the lobbying process;

they may also serve as the basis for the opening speech in the Committee

A policy statement sets out to answer three basic questions:

“What is the background of your country’s point of view on the issue?”

“What is your country’s current position on the issue?”

“What does it hope to achieve in relation to the issue?”

Duties of each Delegate Speakers need to address each other in the Third Person at all times. Always

“honorable speaker” or “fellow delegates”; never “You” or “I”

Delegates should stand when speaking and should not sit down until after the

speaker has finished answering the delegate’s question

Delegates must not insult any member of the house, guest, member of the

Admin/Security Staff or Student Officer physically or verbally

Delegates must yield the floor when required to do so by the Chair

Delegates should address the Chair and the house before presenting their

speech. Example: “Dear/Honorable Chair, fellow delegates…”


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Note-passing Note passing between delegates within a Committee is allowed. However,

personal messages with irrelevant content are out of order

The Chairpersons of each Committee reserves the right to suspend the note-

passing if it gets too noisy in the house

Notes to and from the Chairpersons are always in order

Note-passing is suspended during voting procedure

Funding Funding may be discussed and included in resolutions, but bear in mind rule

13: No resolution can contain financial amounts but can refer to possible

financial resources without specifications of exact amounts

Example in order: “Asks the IMF to fund above mentioned proposal”, not in

order: “Asks the UN to pay $ 50 million out of their Rapid Reaction Fund, and

the IMF to sponsor the remaining $ 35,45623 million out of their developing

nations fund”

You can assume that the UN or other payers will find the money to fund the

proposal

Keep it general and do not go into specifics, and stop endless debates about

funding immediately

Miscellaneous Mobile phones must be switched off at all times

Laptops may be used only during Lobbying procedure

Smoking inside the premises is prohibited

Refer as Less Economically Developed countries (LEDCs), not “Third World” or

“Developing Countries”

Refer as More Economically Developed countries (MEDCs), not “Strong

Economically Countries”

Eating and drinking during debate is not in order; water is an exception

Delegates should not raise their placards before the Chair has asked them to

do so

Clapping is out of order; It is in order when a resolution passes


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General Debate Overview

Step 1• The Chairperson calls the House to order

Step 2• Reminds and further comments

Step 3• State the issue of the debate

Step 4• Call upon the Main Submitter to read out the operative clauses

Step 5• Set the debate time (i.e. 45 minutes)

Step 6• The Main Submitter has the floor. He/she will deliver a speech

Step 7

• Once the Main Submitter has finished ask him/her whether he/she is open toany points of Information

Step 8• The floor is yielded to the Chair or to another delegate

Step 9

• The Chairperson asks if there are any delegates wishing to speak either infavor or against the resolution. The speaker holds a speech and has pointsentertained

Step 10

• The previous step continues until the time for the resolution elapses, then youwill move into voting procedure


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Overview of the Amendment of the 1st Degree Procedure

during Debate

Note You should attach all amendments that have passed to the Resolution Cover Sheet

and deliver them to the Secretariat or to the Approval Panel.

Step 1• The delegate submits an amendment on the official Amendment

sheet

Step 2• The Chairperson receives the Amendment, and he/she decides if it

he/she will entertain it

Step 3

• The Chairperson reads loudly and clearly the Amendment so thedelegates can write it down. He/She also writes the Amendmenton the Smartboard

Step 4

• The Chairperson calls the submitter of the Amendment to read thespeech. Also, sets speakers for the Amendment (ex. 1 speaker infavour, 1 speaker against) NOTE: The submitter of the Amendmentcounts as 1 speaker in favour

Step 5

• When the speakers (those in favour/against of the Amendment)have delivered their speeches and the point(s) of information(s),the Chairperson shall move into the voting procedure

Step 6

• The Chairperson informs the respective delegates whether theAmendment passes or fails, and if it passes, he/she urges thedelegates to make the necessary changes on the resolution


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Overview of the Amendment of the 2nd Degree Procedure

during Debate

Step 1• The delegate submits an amendment on the official Amendment

sheet

Step 2• The Chairperson receives the Amendment, and he/she decides if it

he/she will entertain it

Step 3

• The Chairperson reads loudly and clearly the Amendment so thedelegates can write it down. He/She also writes the Amendmenton the Smartboard

Step 4

• The Chairperson calls the submitter of the Amendment to read thespeech. Also, sets speakers for the Amendment (ex. 1 speaker infavour, 1 speaker against). NOTE: The submitter of the Amendmentcounts as 1 speaker in favour

Step 5

• An Amendment of the 2nd Degree has been submitted. If there isplenty of time the Chairperson shall entertain it in time against ofthe Amendment of the 1st Degree

Step 6

• The Chairperson interrupts the procedure of the Amendment ofthe 1st Degree and then reads loudly and clearly the Amendmentso the delegates can write it down. He/She also writes theAmendment on the Smartboard


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Note You should attach all amendments that have passed to the Resolution Cover Sheet

and deliver them to the Secretariat or to the Approval Panel.

Step 7

• The Chairperson calls the submitter of the Amendment to readthe speech. Also, sets speakers for the Amendment (ex. 1speaker in favour, 1 speaker against). NOTE: The submitter ofthe Amendment counts as 1 speaker in favour

Step 8

• When the speakers (those in favour/those against of theAmendment) have delivered with their speeches and thepoint(s) of information(s), the Chairperson shall move into thevoting procedure

Step 9

• After the voting on the Amendment of the 2nd Degree, theChairperson shall modify the Amendment of the 1st Degree, ifthe Amendment passes

• Moves directly to the Amendment of the 1st Degree, withoutany change, if the Amendment of the 2nd Degree fails

Step 10

• When the speakers (those in favour/against of the Amendment)have delivered their speeches and the point(s) ofinformation(s), the Chairperson shall move into the votingprocedure

Step 11

• The Chairperson informs the respective delegates whether theAmendment passes or fails, and if it passes, he/she urges thedelegates to make the necessary changes on the resolution


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PS-MUN Rules of Procedure

Rule 1 English is the official and working

language of this Conference. This rule

also applies to the General Assembly,

the session in the Committees and all

the school premises. Delegates are to

speak with civility.

Rule 2 For the Conference to achieve its

purpose during the Opening Speeches,

the General Assembly and during the

sessions in the Committees, all mobile

phones and electronic devices must be

switched off. Laptops are allowed

during lobbying. No smoking is

allowed on the premises. The

conference is formal, so formal

business style dress is required. Open-

necked shirts, T-shirts, jeans, denim or

cloth jackets, extremely high heels,

trainers etc. will not be permitted.

Rule 3 The Official Opening Ceremony, the

Official Closing Ceremony and the

General Assembly shall be supervised

by the Secretariat.

Rule 4 All resolutions shall be checked and

approved by the authorieed Approval

Panel. The Chairpersons will decide

which resolutions of the General

Assembly Committees will be

discussed in the General Assembly.

Rule 5 During all voting procedures in the

Committees the guests may stay in the

room, the members of Admin Staff

must take their place for the voting

procedure and the members of the

Security Staff must seal the doors.

Rule 6 No delegate can obtain the floor until

the Chairpersons or President has

opened the floor and given them

permission to do so. This rule also

applies to the General Assembly.

Rule 7

The Chairpersons of each Committee

set debate time for the subjects

which if necessary, can be extended.

Rule 8 Each country represented shall only

have one vote per voting procedure;

NGOs are not allowed to vote.

Rule 9 If any delegate finds that it is

impossible for them to attend their

Committees for any reason they must

inform their Chairpersons and their

Advisor.

Rule 10 All amendments shall be submitted

during the Committee sessions on the

official amendment sheet. Abstentions

will be allowed on both resolutions

and amendments. On procedural

matters (motions) abstentions are not

allowed.


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Rule 11 During the voting procedure delegates

raise their placard, to vote in favor of,

against or abstain. However, when the

motion to divide the house is

entertained, abstentions will not be

allowed.

Rule 12 No motion or point can interrupt the speaker except for the point of

personal privilege when it refers to

audibility problems. The point of order

can only interrupt the voting

procedure.

Rule 13 No resolution can contain financial

amounts but can refer to possible

financial resources without

specifications of exact amounts.

Rule 14 No delegate has the right to question

the authority of the United Nations.

The decisions of the Secretariat and

the Chairpersons are final.

Rule 15 The Chairperson decides when the

proposals that refer to amendments

shall be discussed. The amendment is

entertained after the floor has been

yielded by the Chairperson to the

submitter.

Rule 16 If the Committee votes come to a tie

then the proposal will be rejected.

Rule 17 The Secretariat reserves the right to

ban any participant failing to adhere

to the rules of the Conference.


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Amendment Sheet Sample


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Co-submitter Sign-up Sheet Sample


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Chapter 2: Lobbying & Resolution Process

Lobbying Process

Resolution Process

Student Officer Perspective

Approval Panel

Resolution Processing Plan

Sample Resolution

Resolution – Preambulatory/Operatives clauses

Plagiarism

Resolution Cover Sheet


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Lobbying Process Lobbying is one of the most important components of a MUN Conference, since it is

the main process through which draft resolutions are crafted and merged.

In PS-MUN, lobbying for the Committees of the General Assembly, the ECOSOC, the

Security Council and the Special Conference will take place on the first & second day

of the Conference.

This process will be an opportunity for the delegates to have an understanding of

where they stand with respect to the positions of other delegates, and the Chairs to

gain the respect they need to effectively run the debate during the 3-day Conference.

This respect will be gained by:

Answering all administrative questions, such as ones regarding the rules of

procedures, asked by the delegates,

Knowing exactly how many resolutions are being circulated,

Determining how many resolution should be entertained per topic,

Figuring out what resolutions should be prioritieed for debate,

Checking for plagiarism,

Being helpful, friendly, co-operative and on top of things,

… and when dealing with the topic they are experts on by:

Supporting the delegates in their lobbying efforts,

Acting as mediator between parties,

Answering all questions by delegates on the certain topic,

Being in touch with all different merger-groups,

Pioritieing resolutions by quality, based on the criteria including the scope and

effectiveness of actions taken by operative clauses.

Hence, the Chairs should during the lobbying process:

Be actively engaged in lobbying,

Have a clear picture of the actions and stances of every circulating resolution;

Delete all clauses not in accordance with the UN Charter,

Remove all clauses which are inappropriate for a UN resolution, i.e. an

incorrect format, or obvious grammar mistakes,

Make sure all abbreviations are written out in full the first time they are used

in the resolution,

Take their time to sit down with merger-groups and discuss all administrative

problems and questions; frequently:

“Where is the Approval Panel and what do I have to do there?”

“What will happen to the resolution when it is approved?”

“What do I have to do if it doesn’t get approved the first time?”

“Where are the other delegates in my Committee, especially the Co-

submitters?”


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Make sure all delegates show up at the scheduled Committee sessions,

Make sure there are enough co-submitter sign-up sheets and amendment

sheets,

… and when dealing with the topic(s) they are experts on:

Encourage merger-groups to merge their resolutions into one comprehensive

one, as that will give stronger support for the resolution (more co-

submitters),

Remind delegates that, although more than one resolution can be approved

and be passed per issue on the agenda, there should not be a situation in

which two resolutions of contradicting position should pass due to the

compliance of delegates to their stances, so encourage merging if resolutions

are very similar,

Mediate between parties who cannot agree on mergers and the main

submitter,

Do not hesitate to make their own recommendations,

Take their time to sit down with merger-groups and discuss all problems and

questions on the respective topic; frequently:

“What does …mean?”

“Would it be against policy, if..?”

“Where are other delegates that will support my resolution?”


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Resolution Process

• Draft resolution is brought to the Conference

• Delegate will obtain a Co-submitter Sheet and will try to force an alliance(remind the delegates the minimum signatories that an alliance must have)

• Here delegate lobbies, merges resolution and re-types merged resolution

Step 1

• If the delegate has enough Co-submitters, the draft resolution is checkedand signed by the expert Chair of each Committee if it has the right formatand complies with the UN Charter, then the delegate registers the draftresolution at the Approval Panel

• If this is not the case, the resolution will be rejected until necessary changeshave been made

Step 2

• Resolution is read and corrected by Approval Panel. (Major corrections to bedone by delegate before re-registering)

• At the Approval Panel the resolution is given a D-number (D = draft)

Step 3

• Approval Panel gives the resolution an A-number (A = approved), if theresolution contains no spelling, grammatical and syntax errors

Step 4

• The Chair of each Committee asks from the Secretariat to photocopy theresolution, before the debate starts. Also, they decide the order of theresolutions to be debated

Step 5

• Resolutions are debated and amended in the Committee

• Then he/she asks from the Secretariat to prepare and photocopy theresolution for the General Assembly (this applies to General AssemblyCommittees)

Step 6

• It is reminded that the Student Officers of each Committee, must deliver tothe Approval Panel all amendments and the Resolution Cover Sheet, in orderto be included in the PS-MUN Annual Report

Note


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Student Officer Perspective

Student Officer

Checks Co-Submitter sheet for signatures (Remember that NGOs are allowed to main and co-submit)

Checks if resolution complies with the UN Charter

Signs resolutions in order to be corrected in the Approval Panel

Prioritises the order of resolutions that will be debated in cooperation with Secretariat

Fill in the Resolution Cover Sheet for each Resolution debated in the Committee session and attach to it all amendments that have passed


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Approval Panel

Chair’s duties Upon receiving a resolution, a Chair must do the following:

1. Gather the Co-submitter sheet and the USB flash which contains the

resolution;

2. Check briefly the resolution in terms of:

a. Content

b. Accordance with the UN Charter,

c. Obvious grammar and spelling mistakes,

d. Security Council wording (such as Decides, Declares, Condemns, etc)

e. Format

f. Plagiarism (no thorough check needed)

3. Save it on the USB and send it via Main Submitter to the Computer Room for

a D-Number (don’t forget the Co-submitter sheet)

4. Send an Admin Staff to check if the resolution is ready and print out

After the resolution has been sent to the Computer Room and has received a D-

Number, the Main Submitter will bring you a copy of the D-numbered resolution.

He/She may proceed with the lobbying. From the Computer Room (D-numbered) the

resolution will be sent to the Approval Panel. After all has been checked and the

Approval Panel has prepared your copies, you will receive the A-numbered resolution

and the number of copies you have requested for.

The expert Chair of each topic should be the one to correct the resolution on

his/her topic

For GA Committees: Resolutions that might be sent to the GA should be

prioritieed and the Approval Panel should be informed through the use of an

asterisk. (*)

Chairs will NOT check the resolutions again after it has received a D-Number


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Resolution Processing Plan After the check:

Chairs• through the

MainSubmitter

Computer Room

(D-Number)

• through aplatform

Approval Panel

(A-Number)

•final check forgrammar andspelling mistakes

•copies for theCommittee

Committee


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Sample Resolution


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Resolution – Preambulatory/Operatives clauses

Preambulatory clauses

Acknowledging Expecting Noting with appreciation Affirming Expressing its appreciation Noting with approval Alarmed by Expressing its satisfaction Noting with deep concern Approving Fulfilling Noting with regret Aware of Fully alarmed Noting with satisfaction Believing Fully aware Observing Bearing in mid Fully believing Pointing out Confident Further deploring Reaffirming Congratulating Further recalling Realieing Convinced Guided by Recalling Declaring Having adopted Recognising Deeply concerned Having considered Referring Deeply conscious Having devoted attention Reminding Deeply disturbed Having examined Seeking Deeply regretting Having received Taking into account Deploring Having studied Taking into consideration Desiring Keeping in mind Viewing with appreciation Emphasieing Noting further Welcoming

Operative clauses

Accepts Deplores Requests

Affirms Designates Resolves

Approves Encourages Seeks

Asks Endorses Strongly affirms

Authoriees Expresses its satisfaction Strongly condemns

Calls for Expresses its hope Strongly urges

Calls upon Further recommends Suggests

Condemns Hopes Supports

Congratulates Invites Trusts

Confirms Proclaims Transmits

Decides Proposes Urges

Declares accordingly Recommends

Demands Regrets

Any of these clauses can be reused by adding “further” or “deeply” in front of

it

All operatives clauses in bold can only be used by the Security Council


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Plagiarism

What is “plagiarism”? “Take somebody else’s ideas, words and use them as if they were one’s own”

(Oxford Advanced Dictionary, page 943)

In MUN delegates must prepare and create their own resolutions, based on

information arising in depth research.

Unacceptable phrase of plagiarism: The writer has only changed around a few words and phrases, or changed the order

of the original’s sentence. If you do this, you are plagiarieing.

Acceptable phrasing: If a delegate rephrases information and ideas, this is plagiarism. However, if he refers

to a source indicating all necessary information (Name, source, etc) this should be Plagiarism during Lobbying

If you encounter plagiarieed clauses or entire resolutions, you should demand the

main submitter to develop own ideas and totally rephrase their clauses, otherwise

that resolution will not be debated.

Use the plagiarism programme Viper (www.scanmyessay.com) to check resolutions

for plagiarism. The programme is free of charge.

Plagiarism during debate If a delegate can prove that clauses have been plagiarieed from another UN or MUN

document, call on the Secretariat and the Main Submitter of the resolution,

immediately.

There are 2 possibilities:

1 clause plagiarieed: Call the Main Submitter to modify the entire clause

2 or more clauses are plagiarieed: It is in the Secretariat’s jurisdiction to ask

Main Submitter to withdraw the resolution

http://www.scanmyessay.com/


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Resolution Cover Sheet


27

Chapter 3: Chairing at PS-MUN

Chair Meeting Guideline

Chairing Stock Phrases

Useful MUN words to know


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Chair Meeting Guideline

1. Roll Call

2. Brief introduction by all Student Officers in the Committee

3. Remind delegates that Ambassadors must deliver their speech during

Opening Speeches. Also, they must bring with them their delegation’s flag

4. Explain briefly:

the Rules of Procedure (no mobiles phones, English language, no

active laptops during debate, no smoking),

the Points & Motions,

what is plagiarism,

dress code

5. Absent Delegates (when delegates need to be absent they should write the

Chairs a note explaining the reason for their absence. The Chairpersons of

each Committee must inform the Secretariat for any delegates that abstain)

6. Explain lobbying procedure:

Inform delegates about the topics to be discussed over lobbying

Inform delegates about Signatures and Co-submitter sheet

Remind the remaining time for each topic

Explain to the Main Submitters, the role of the Approval Panel

Always keep an eye on the alliances that delegates form

7. Remind the NGOs that they are not allowed to vote during voting procedures

(resolutions, amendments). However, they must vote in procedural matters

8. Encourage non-native speakers to be actively involved in debates.

9. Answer any questions

10. Let the PS-MUN Conference begin…


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Chairing Stock Phrases “Please come to your closing remarks”, when the delegate has exceeded the

allowed speaking time

“The speaker has opened himself to points of Information. Are there any

points of Information in the House?”, after a delegate has opened himself to

points of information

“May the Chair remind the House that delegates are not to speak unless they

have the floor”, when it is getting too loud in the House

“Could the House please come to order!”, “Can I have some order in the

House”, at the begging of a session or if it is to loud in the House

“May the Chair remind the House that fellow delegates are to be addressed

with ‘honourable Delegate’, if a delegate forgot to address a fellow delegate

in a polite manner

“May the Chair remind the House that Points of Information must be phrased

as questions”, if a delegate makes a statement when he is supposed to ask a

question

“Could the delegate please rephrase the question?”, if the speaker does not

understood the question being asked, he can ask the Chair to please ask the

delegate to rephrase the question

“Everyone in favour please raise your placard high.”, “Everyone against please

raise your placard high.”, “and everyone abstaining”, during voting

procedures

“Is the point well taken?”, when you want to ensure that the speaker has fully

understood the question addressed to him

“There has been a point of personal privilege”, when there has been a point in

the House

“Clapping is (not) in order”. When a resolution/amendment passes, the

clapping shall be in order, otherwise is overruled

“The time has elapsed… Could the delegate please yield the floor?”, when you

want the delegate to yield the floor to the Chair

“The Chair stands corrected”, when you have made a mistake. It is important

for a Chair to admit his/her error

The floor is now open

Please raise and state your point

I’m sorry, but, in the interest of debate, could the delegate please yield the

floor?

Security Staff please seal the doors, Admin Staff take your voting positions

There will be no dialogue between the delegates

The speaker will refrain from using unparliamentarily language

The speaker will refrain from insulting other delegates


30

Useful MUN words to know

In the Committee: Decorum: Proper way of acting. Being quiet. Not talking when the chair is

talking. Typically heard when the chair is yelling “DECORUM

DELEGATES!” at a committee that will not quiet down after a

break.

Out of order: A procedure that cannot be performed at that time. For

example, if you are in voting procedure, you cannot ask to

suspend the meeting, this would be out of order. Or, it can be a

motion that does not exist.

Motion/Move: The Republic of Korea MOVES for the suspension of the

meeting for fifteen minutes.

Thank you delegate, there is now a MOTION on the floor for a

suspension of the meeting for fifteen minutes.

Resolutions: Main Submitter: Those sponsoring the resolution, given that they are the main

states working on actually writing the resolution. In each

committee there will be a designated number of sponsors, a

percentage of the quorum, needed for a resolution to be

considered and submitted to the dais.

Co-submitters: States that support the resolution either, directly believing in

what it says, or simply willing to see it debated on the floor.

Like sponsors, a certain number of signatories will always be

required as well.

Preambles Clauses: Clause at the first part of a resolution intended to supply

background information/facts/appeals and reasons for the

actions/suggestions/recommendations in the operative

clauses. These will almost always be something like “affirming”

or “recognieing”.

Operative Clauses: Clauses in the second half of a resolution that call for specific

action and aim to provide solutions to the given problem.

These will always be active as well, using words such as “calls

for” or “endorses”.


31

Chapter 4: UN Charter

Charter of the United Nations

Preamble

We the Peoples of the United Nations Determined

to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind, and

to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small, and

to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained, and

to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom,

And for these Ends

to practice tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good neighbors, and

to unite our strength to maintain international peace and security, and

to ensure by the acceptance of principles and the institution of methods, that armed force shall not be used, save in the common interest, and

to employ international machinery for the promotion of the economic and social advancement of all peoples,

Have Resolved to Combine our Efforts to Accomplish these Aims

Accordingly, our respective Governments, through representatives assembled in the city of San Francisco, who have exhibited their full powers found to be in good and due form, have agreed to the present Charter of the United Nations and do hereby establish an international organization to be known as the United Nations.

CHAPTER I

PURPOSES AND PRINCIPLES

Article 1

The Purposes of the United Nations are:

1. To maintain international peace and security, and to that end: to take effective collective measures for theprevention and removal of threats to the peace, and for the suppression of acts of aggression or other breaches of the peace, and to bring about by peaceful means, and in conformity with the principles of justice and international law, adjustment or settlement of international disputes or situations which might lead to a breach of the peace;

2. To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, and to take other appropriate measures to strengthen universal peace;

3. To achieve international cooperation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character, and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion; and

4. To be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations in the attainment of these common ends.

Article 2

The Organization and its Members, in pursuit of the Purposes stated in Article 1, shall act in accordance with the following Principles.

1. The Organization is based on the principle of the sovereign equality of all its Members.

2. All Members, in order to ensure to all of them the rights and benefits resulting from membership, shall fulfill in good faith the obligations assumed by them in accordance with the present Charter.

3. All Members shall settle their international disputes by peaceful means in such a manner that international peace and security, and justice, are not endangered.

4. All Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations.

5. All Members shall give the United Nations every assistance in any action it takes in accordance with the present Charter, and shall refrain from giving assistance to any state against which the United Nations is taking preventive or enforcement action.

6. The Organization shall ensure that states which are not Members of the United Nations act in accordance with these Principles so far as may be necessary for the maintenance of international peace and security.

7. Nothing contained in the present Charter shall authorize the United Nations to intervene in matters which are essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any state or shall require the Members to submit such matters to settlement under the present Charter; but this principle shall not prejudice the application of enforcement measures under Chapter VII.

CHAPTER II

MEMBERSHIP

Article 3

The original Members of the United Nations shall be the states which, having participated in the United Nations Conference on International Organization at San Francisco, or having previously signed the Declaration by United Nations of January 1, 1942, sign the present Charter and ratify it in accordance with Article 110.

Article 4

1. Membership in the United Nations is open to all other peace-loving states which accept the obligationscontained in the present Charter and, in the judgment of the Organization, are able and willing to carry out these obligations.

2. The admission of any such state to membership in the United Nations will be effected by a decision of theGeneral Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council.

Article 5

A member of the United Nations against which preventive or enforcement action has been taken by the Security Council may be suspended from the exercise of the rights and privileges of membership by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council. The exercise of these rights and privileges may be restored by the Security Council.

Article 6

A Member of the United Nations which has persistently violated the Principles contained in the present Charter may be expelled from the Organization by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council.

CHAPTER III

ORGANS

Article 7

1. There are established as the principal organs of the United Nations: a General Assembly, a Security Council,an Economic and Social Council, a Trusteeship Council, an International Court of Justice, and a Secretariat.

2. Such subsidiary organs as may be found necessary may be established in accordance with the presentCharter.

Article 8

The United Nations shall place no restrictions on the eligibility of men and women to participate in any capacity and under conditions of equality in its principal and subsidiary organs.

CHAPTER IV

THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY

Composition

Article 9

1. The General Assembly shall consist of all the Members of the United Nations.

2. Each member shall have not more than five representatives in the General Assembly.

Functions and Powers

Article 10

The General Assembly may discuss any questions or any matters within the scope of the present Charter or relating to the powers and functions of any organs provided for in the present Charter, and, except as provided in Article 12, may make recommendations to the Members of the United Nations or to the Security Council or to both on any such questions or matters.

Article 11

1. The General Assembly may consider the general principles of cooperation in the maintenance of international peace and security, including the principles governing disarmament and the regulation of armaments, and may make recommendations with regard to such principles to the Members or to the Security Council or to both.

2. The General Assembly may discuss any questions relating to the maintenance of international peace and security brought before it by any Member of the United Nations, or by the Security Council, or by a state which is not a Member of the United Nations in accordance with Article 35, paragraph 2, and, except as provided in Article 12, may make recommendations with regard to any such questions to the state or states concerned or to the Security Council or to both. Any such question on which action is necessary shall be referred to the Security Council by the General Assembly either before or after discussion.

3. The General Assembly may call the attention of the Security Council to situations which are likely to endanger international peace and security.

4. The powers of the General Assembly set forth in this Article shall not limit the general scope of Article 10.

Article 12

1. While the Security Council is exercising in respect of any dispute or situation the functions assigned to it in the present Charter, the General Assembly shall not make any recommendation with regard to that dispute or situation unless the Security Council so requests.

2. The Secretary-General, with the consent of the Security Council, shall notify the General Assembly at each session of any matters relative to the maintenance of international peace and security which are being dealt with by the Security Council and shall similarly notify the General Assembly, or the Members of the United Nations if the General Assembly is not in session, immediately the Security Council ceases to deal with such matters.

Article 13

1. The General Assembly shall initiate studies and make recommendations for the purpose of:

a. promoting international cooperation in the political field and encouraging the progressive development of international law and its codification;

b. promoting international cooperation in the economic, social, cultural, educational, and health fields, and assisting in the realization of human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion.

2. The further responsibilities, functions and powers of the General Assembly with respect to matters mentioned in paragraph 1(b) above are set forth in Chapters IX and X.

Article 14

Subject to the provisions of Article 12, the General Assembly may recommend measures for the peaceful adjustment of any situation, regardless of origin, which it deems likely to impair the general welfare or friendly relations among nations, including situations resulting from a violation of the provisions of the present Charter setting forth the Purposes and Principles of the United Nations.

Article 15

1. The General Assembly shall receive and consider annual and special reports from the Security Council; these reports shall include an account of the measures that the Security Council has decided upon or taken to maintain international peace and security.

2. The General Assembly shall receive and consider reports from the other organs of the United Nations.

Article 16

The General Assembly shall perform such functions with respect to the international trusteeship system as are assigned to it under Chapters XII and XIII, including the approval of the trusteeship agreements for areas not designated as strategic.

Article 17

1. The General Assembly shall consider and approve the budget of the Organization.

2. The expenses of the Organization shall be borne by the Members as apportioned by the General Assembly.

3. The General Assembly shall consider and approve any financial and budgetary arrangements with specialized agencies referred to in Article 57 and shall examine the administrative budgets of such specialized agencies with a view to making recommendations to the agencies concerned.

Voting

Article 18

1. Each member of the General Assembly shall have one vote.

2. Decisions of the General Assembly on important questions shall be made by a two-thirds majority of the members present and voting. These questions shall include: recommendations with respect to the maintenance of international peace and security, the election of the non-permanent members of the Security Council, the election of the members of the Economic and Social Council, the election of members of the Trusteeship Council in accordance with paragraph 1(c) of Article 86, the admission of new Members to the United Nations, the suspension of the rights and privileges of membership, the expulsion of Members, questions relating to the operation of the trusteeship system, and budgetary questions.

3. Decisions on other questions, Composition including the determination of additional categories of questions to be decided by a two-thirds majority, shall be made by a majority of the members present and voting.

Article 19

A Member of the United Nations which is in arrears in the payment of its financial contributions to the Organization shall have no vote in the General Assembly if the amount of its arrears equals or exceeds the amount of the contributions due from it for the preceding two full years. The General Assembly may,

nevertheless, permit such a Member to vote if it is satisfied that the failure to pay is due to conditions beyond the control of the Member.

Procedure

Article 20

The General Assembly shall meet in regular annual sessions and in such special sessions as occasion may require. Special sessions shall be convoked by the Secretary-General at the request of the Security Council or of a majority of the Members of the United Nations.

Article 21

The General Assembly shall adopt its own rules of procedure. It shall elect its President for each session.

Article 22

The General Assembly may establish such subsidiary organs as it deems necessary for the performance of its functions.

CHAPTER V

THE SECURITY COUNCIL

Article 23

1. The Security Council shall consist of fifteen Members of the United Nations. The Republic of China, France, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of America shall be permanent members of the Security Council. The General Assembly shall elect ten other Members of the United Nations to be non-permanent members of the Security Council, due regard being specially paid, in the first instance to the contribution of Members of the United Nations to the maintenance of international peace and security and to the other purposes of the Organization, and also to equitable geographical distribution.

2. The non-permanent members of the Security Council shall be elected for a term of two years. In the first election of the non-permanent members after the increase of the membership of the Security Council from eleven to fifteen, two of the four additional members shall be chosen for a term of one year. A retiring member shall not be eligible for immediate re-election.

3. Each member of the Security Council shall have one representative.


Article 24

1. In order to ensure prompt and effective action by the United Nations, its Members confer on the Security Council primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security, and agree that in carrying out its duties under this responsibility the Security Council acts on their behalf.

2. In discharging these duties the Security Council shall act in accordance with the Purposes and Principles of the United Nations. The specific powers granted to the Security Council for the discharge of these duties are laid down in Chapters VI, VII, VIII, and XII.

3. The Security Council shall submit annual and, when necessary, special reports to the General Assembly for its consideration.

Article 25

The Members of the United Nations agree to accept and carry out the decisions of the Security Council in accordance with the present Charter.

Article 26

In order to promote the establishment and maintenance of international peace and security with the least diversion for armaments of the world's human and economic resources, the Security Council shall be responsible for formulating, with the assistance of the Military Staff Committee referred to in Article 47, plans to be submitted to the Members of the United Nations for the establishment of a system for the regulation of armaments.

Voting

Article 27

1. Each member of the Security Council shall have one vote.

2. Decisions of the Security Council on procedural matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of nine members.

3. Decisions of the Security Council on all other matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of nine members including the concurring votes of the permanent members; provided that, in decisions under Chapter VI, and under paragraph 3 of Article 52, a party to a dispute shall abstain from voting.

Procedure

Article 28

1. The Security Council shall be so organized as to be able to function continuously. Each member of the Security Council shall for this purpose be represented at all times at the seat of the Organization.

2. The Security Council shall hold periodic meetings at which each of its members may, if it so desires, be represented by a member of the government or by some other specially designated representative.

3. The Security Council may hold meetings at such places other than the seat of the Organization as in its judgment will best facilitate its work.

Article 29

The Security Council may establish such subsidiary organs as it deems necessary for the performance of its functions.

Article 30

The Security Council shall adopt its own rules of procedure, including the method of selecting its President.

Article 31

Any Member of the United Nations which is not a member of the Security Council may participate, without vote, in the discussion of any question brought before the Security Council whenever the latter considers that the interests of that Member are specially affected.

Article 32

Any Member of the United Nations which is not a member of the Security Council or any state which is not a Member of the United Nations, if it is a party to a dispute under consideration by the Security Council, shall be invited to participate, without vote, in the discussion relating to the dispute. The Security Council shall lay down such conditions as it deems just for the participation of a state which is not a Member of the United Nations.

CHAPTER VI

PACIFIC SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES

Article 33

1. The parties to any dispute, the continuance of which is likely to endanger the maintenance of international peace and security, shall, first of all, seek a solution by negotiation, enquiry, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, judicial settlement, resort to regional agencies or arrangements, or other peaceful means of their own choice.

2. The Security Council shall, when it deems necessary, call upon the parties to settle their dispute by such means.

Article 34

The Security Council may investigate any dispute, or any situation which might lead to international friction or give rise to a dispute, in order to determine whether the continuance of the dispute or situation is likely to endanger the maintenance of international peace and security.

Article 35

1. Any Member of the United Nations may bring any dispute, or any situation of the nature referred to in Article 34, to the attention of the Security Council or of the General Assembly.

2. A state which is not a Member of the United Nations may bring to the attention of the Security Council or of the General Assembly any dispute to which it is a party if it accepts in advance, for the purposes of the dispute, the obligations of pacific settlement provided in the present Charter.

3. The proceedings of the General Assembly in respect of matters brought to its attention under this Article will be subject to the provisions of Articles 11 and 12.

Article 36

1. The Security Council may, at any stage of a dispute of the nature referred to in Article 33 or of a situation of like nature, recommend appropriate procedures or methods of adjustment.

2. The Security Council should take into consideration any procedures for the settlement of the dispute which have already been adopted by the parties.

3. In making recommendations under this Article the Security Council should also take into consideration that legal disputes should as a general rule be referred by the parties to the International Court of Justice in accordance with the provisions of the Statute of the Court.

Article 37

1. Should the parties to a dispute of the nature referred to in Article 33 fail to settle it by the means indicated in that Article, they shall refer it to the Security Council.

2. If the Security Council deems that the continuance of the dispute is in fact likely to endanger the maintenance of international peace and security, it shall decide whether to take action under Article 36 or to recommend such terms of settlement as it may consider appropriate.

Article 38

Without prejudice to the provisions of Articles 33 to 37, the Security Council may, if all the parties to any dispute so request, make recommendations to the parties with a view to a pacific settlement of the dispute.

CHAPTER VII

ACTION WITH RESPECT TO THREATS TO THE PEACE, BREACHES OF THE PEACE, AND ACTS OF AGGRESSION

Article 39

The Security Council shall determine the existence of any threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggression and shall make recommendations, or decide what measures shall be taken in accordance with Articles 41 and 42, to maintain or restore international peace and security.

Article 40

In order to prevent an aggravation of the situation, the Security Council may, before making the recommendations or deciding upon the measures provided for in Article 39, call upon the parties concerned to comply with such provisional measures as it deems necessary or desirable. Such provisional measures shall be without prejudice to the rights, claims, or position of the parties concerned. The Security Council shall duly take account of failure to comply with such provisional measures.

Article 41

The Security Council may decide what measures not involving the use of armed force are to be employed to give effect to its decisions, and it may call upon the Members of the United Nations to apply such measures. These may include complete or partial interruption of economic relations and of rail, sea, air, postal, telegraphic, radio, and other means of communication, and the severance of diplomatic relations.

Article 42

Should the Security Council consider that measures provided for in Article 41 would be inadequate or have proved to be inadequate, it may take such action by air, sea, or land forces as may be necessary to maintain or

restore international peace and security. Such action may include demonstrations, blockade, and other operations by air, sea, or land forces of Members of the United Nations.

Article 43

1. All Members of the United Nations, in order to contribute to the maintenance of international peace and security, undertake to make available to the Security Council, on its call and in accordance with a special agreement or agreements, armed forces, assistance, and facilities, including rights of passage, necessary for the purpose of maintaining international peace and security.

2. Such agreement or agreements shall govern the numbers and types of forces. their degree of readiness and general location, and the nature of the facilities and assistance to be provided.

3. The agreement or agreements shall be negotiated as soon as possible on the initiative of the Security Council. They shall be concluded between the Security Council and Members or between the Security Council and groups of Members and shall be subject to ratification by the signatory states in accordance with their respective constitutional processes.

Article 44

When the Security Council has decided to use force it shall, before calling upon a Member not represented on it to provide armed forces in fulfillment of the obligations assumed under Article 43, invite that Member, if the Member so desires, to participate in the decisions of the Security Council concerning the employment of contingents of that Member's armed forces.

Article 45

In order to enable the United Nations to take urgent military measures Members shall hold immediately available national air-force contingents for combined international enforcement action. The strength and degree of readiness of these contingents and plans for their combined action shall be determined, within the limits laid down in the special agreement or agreements referred to in Article 43, by the Security Council with the assistance of the Military Staff Committee.

Article 46

Plans for the application of armed force shall be made by the Security Council with the assistance of the Military Staff Committee.

Article 47

1. There shall be established a Military Staff Committee to advise and assist the Security Council on all questions relating to the Security Council's military requirements for the maintenance of international peace and security, the employment and command of forces placed at its disposal, the regulation of armaments, and possible disarmament.

2. The Military Staff Committee shall consist of the Chiefs of Staff of the permanent members of the Security Council or their representatives. Any Member of the United Nations not permanently represented on the Committee shall be invited by the Committee to be associated with it when the efficient discharge of the Committee's responsibilities requires the participation of that Member in its work.

3. The Military Staff Committee shall be responsible under the Security Council for the strategic direction of any armed forces placed at the disposal of the Security Council. Questions relating to the command of such forces shall be worked out subsequently.

4. The Military Staff Committee, with the authorization of the Security Council and after consultation with appropriate regional agencies, may establish regional subcommittees.

Article 48

1. The action required to carry out the decisions of the Security Council for the maintenance of international peace and security shall be taken by all the Members of the United Nations or by some of them, as the Security Council may determine.

2. Such decisions shall be carried out by the Members of the United Nations directly and through their action in the appropriate international agencies of which they are members.

Article 49

The Members of the United Nations shall join in affording mutual assistance in carrying out the measures decided upon by the Security Council.

Article 50

If preventive or enforcement measures against any state are taken by the Security Council, any other state, whether a Member of the United Nations or not, which finds itself confronted with special economic problems arising from the carrying out of those measures shall have the right to consult the Security Council with regard to a solution of those problems.

Article 51

Nothing in the present Charter shall impair the inherent right of individual or collective self-defense if an armed attack occurs against a Member of the United Nations, until the Security Council has taken measures necessary to maintain international peace and security. Measures taken by Members in the exercise of this right of self-defense shall be immediately reported to the Security Council and shall not in any way affect the authority and responsibility of the Security Council under the present Charter to take at any time such action as it deems necessary in order to maintain or restore international peace and security.

CHAPTER VIII

REGIONAL ARRANGEMENTS

Article 52

1. Nothing in the present Charter precludes the existence of regional arrangements or agencies for dealing with such matters relating to the maintenance of international peace and security as are appropriate for regional action, provided that such arrangements or agencies and their activities are consistent with the Purposes and Principles of the United Nations.

2. The Members of the United Nations entering into such arrangements or constituting such agencies shall make every effort to achieve pacific settlement of local disputes through such regional arrangements or by such regional agencies before referring them to the Security Council.

3. The Security Council shall encourage the development of pacific settlement of local disputes through such regional arrangements or by such regional agencies either on the initiative of the states concerned or by reference from the Security Council.

4. This Article in no way impairs the application of Articles 34 and 35.

Article 53

1. The Security Council shall, where appropriate, utilize such regional arrangements or agencies for enforcement action under its authority. But no enforcement action shall be taken under regional arrangements or by regional agencies without the authorization of the Security Council, with the exception of measures against any enemy state, as defined in paragraph 2 of this Article, provided for pursuant to Article 107 or in regional arrangements directed against renewal of aggressive policy on the part of any such state, until such time as the Organization may, on request of the Governments concerned, be charged with the responsibility for preventing further aggression by such a state.

2. The term enemy state as used in paragraph 1 of this Article applies to any state which during the Second World War has been an enemy of any signatory of the present Charter.

Article 54

The Security Council shall at all times be kept fully informed of activities undertaken or in contemplation under regional arrangements or by regional agencies for the maintenance of international peace and security.

CHAPTER IX

INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CO-OPERATION

Article 55

With a view to the creation of conditions of stability and well-being which are necessary for peaceful and friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, the United Nations shall promote:

a. higher standards of living, full employment, and conditions of economic and social progress and development;

b. solutions of international economic, social, health, and related problems; and international cultural and educational co-operation; and

c. universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion.

Article 56

All Members pledge themselves to take joint and separate action in cooperation with the Organization for the achievement of the purposes set forth in Article 55.

Article 57

1. The various specialized agencies, established by intergovernmental agreement and having wide international responsibilities, as defined in their basic instruments, in economic, social, cultural, educational, health, and related fields, shall be brought into relationship with the United Nations in accordance with the provisions of Article 63.

2. Such agencies thus brought into relationship with the United Nations are hereinafter referred to as specialized agencies.

Article 58

The Organization shall make recommendations for the coordination of the policies and activities of the specialized agencies.

Article 59

The Organization shall, where appropriate, initiate negotiations among the states concerned for the creation of any new specialized agencies required for the accomplishment of the purposes set forth in Article 55.

Article 60

Responsibility for the discharge of the functions of the Organization set forth in this Chapter shall be vested in the General Assembly and, under the authority of the General Assembly, in the Economic and Social Council, which shall have for this purpose the powers set forth in Chapter X.

CHAPTER X

THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL

Composition

Article 61

1. The Economic and Social Council shall consist of fifty-four Members of the United Nations elected by the General Assembly.

2. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3, eighteen members of the Economic and Social Council shall be elected each year for a term of three years. A retiring member shall be eligible for immediate re-election.

3. At the first election after the increase in the membership of the Economic and Social Council from twenty-seven to fifty-four members, in addition to the members elected in place of the nine members whose term of office expires at the end of that year, twenty-seven additional members shall be elected. Of these twenty-seven additional members, the term of office of nine members so elected shall expire at the end of one year, and of nine other members at the end of two years, in accordance with arrangements made by the General Assembly.

4. Each member of the Economic and Social Council shall have one representative.


Article 62

1. The Economic and Social Council may make or initiate studies and reports with respect to international economic, social, cultural, educational, health, and related matters and may make recommendations with respect to any such matters to the General Assembly, to the Members of the United Nations, and to the specialized agencies concerned.

2. It may make recommendations for the purpose of promoting respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all.

3. It may prepare draft conventions for submission to the General Assembly, with respect to matters falling within its competence.

4. It may call, in accordance with the rules prescribed by the United Nations, international conferences on matters falling within its competence.

Article 63

1. The Economic and Social Council may enter into agreements with any of the agencies referred to in Article 57, defining the terms on which the agency concerned shall be brought into relationship with the United Nations. Such agreements shall be subject to approval by the General Assembly.

2. It may coordinate the activities of the specialized agencies through consultation with and recommendations to such agencies and through recommendations to the General Assembly and to the Members of the United Nations.

Article 64

1. The Economic and Social Council may take appropriate steps to obtain regular reports from the specialized agencies. It may make arrangements with the Members of the United Nations and with the specialized agencies to obtain reports on the steps taken to give effect to its own recommendations and to recommendations on matters falling within its competence made by the General Assembly.

2. It may communicate its observations on these reports to the General Assembly.

Article 65

The Economic and Social Council may furnish information to the Security Council and shall assist the Security Council upon its request.

Article 66

1. The Economic and Social Council shall perform such functions as fall within its competence in connection with the carrying out of the recommendations of the General Assembly.

2. It may, with the approval of the General Assembly, perform services at the request of Members of the United Nations and at the request of specialized agencies.

3. It shall perform such other functions as are specified elsewhere in the present Charter or as may be assigned to it by the General Assembly.

Article 67

1. Each member of the Economic and Social Council shall have one vote.

2. Decisions of the Economic and Social Council shall be made by a majority of the members present and voting.

Procedure

Article 68

The Economic and Social Council shall set up commissions in economic and social fields and for the promotion of human rights, and such other commissions as may be required for the performance of its functions.

Article 69

The Economic and Social Council shall invite any Member of the United Nations to participate, without vote, in its deliberations on any matter of particular concern to that Member.

Article 70

The Economic and Social Council may make arrangements for representatives of the specialized agencies to participate, without vote, in its deliberations and in those of the commissions established by it, and for its representatives to participate in the deliberations of the specialized agencies.

Article 71

The Economic and Social Council may make suitable arrangements for consultation with non-governmental organizations which are concerned with matters within its competence. Such arrangements may be made with international organizations and, where appropriate, with national organizations after consultation with the Member of the United Nations concerned.

Article 72

1. The Economic and Social Council shall adopt its own rules of procedure, including the method of selecting its President.

2. The Economic and Social Council shall meet as required in accordance with its rules, which shall include provision for the convening of meetings on the request of a majority of its members.

CHAPTER XI

DECLARATION REGARDING NON-SELF-GOVERNING TERRITORIES

Article 73

Members of the United Nations which have or assume responsibilities for the administration of territories whose peoples have not yet attained a full measure of self-government recognize the principle that the interests of the inhabitants of these territories are paramount, and accept as a sacred trust the obligation to promote to the utmost, within the system of international peace and security established by the present Charter, the well-being of the inhabitants of these territories, and, to this end:

a. to ensure, with due respect for the culture of the peoples concerned, their political, economic, social, and educational advancement, their just treatment, and their protection against abuses;

b. to develop self-government, to take due account of the political aspirations of the peoples, and to assist them in the progressive development of their free political institutions, according to the particular circumstances of each territory and its peoples and their varying stages of advancement;

c. to further international peace and security;

d. to promote constructive measures of development, to encourage research, and to cooperate with one another and, when and where appropriate, with specialized international bodies with a view to the practical achievement of the social, economic, and scientific purposes set forth in this Article; and

e. to transmit regularly to the Secretary-General for information purposes, subject to such limitation as security and constitutional considerations may require, statistical and other information of a technical nature relating to economic, social, and educational conditions in the territories for which they are respectively responsible other than those territories to which Chapters XII and XIII apply.

Article 74

Members of the United Nations also agree that their policy in respect of the territories to which this Chapter applies, no less than in respect of their metropolitan areas, must be based on the general principle of good-neighborliness, due account being taken of the interests and well-being of the rest of the world, in social, economic, and commercial matters.

CHAPTER XII

INTERNATIONAL TRUSTEESHIP SYSTEM

Article 75

The United Nations shall establish under its authority an international trusteeship system for the administration and supervision of such territories as may be placed thereunder by subsequent individual agreements. These territories are hereinafter referred to as trust territories.

Article 76

The basic objectives of the trusteeship system, in accordance with the Purposes of the United Nations laid down in Article 1 of the present Charter, shall be:

a. to further international peace and security;

b. to promote the political, economic, social, and educational advancement of the inhabitants of the trust territories, and their progressive development towards self-government or independence as may be appropriate to the particular circumstances of each territory and its peoples and the freely expressed wishes of the peoples concerned, and as may be provided by the terms of each trusteeship agreement;

c. to encourage respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion, and to encourage recognition of the interdependence of the peoples of the world; and

d. to ensure equal treatment in social, economic, and commercial matters for all Members of the United Nations and their nationals and also equal treatment for the latter in the administration of justice without prejudice to the attainment of the foregoing objectives and subject to the provisions of Article 80.

Article 77

1. The trusteeship system shall apply to such territories in the following categories as may be placed thereunder by means of trusteeship agreements:

a. territories now held under mandate;

b. territories which may be detached from enemy states as a result of the Second World War, and

c. territories voluntarily placed under the system by states responsible for their administration.

2. It will be a matter for subsequent agreement as to which territories in the foregoing categories will be brought under the trusteeship system and upon what terms.

Article 78

The trusteeship system shall not apply to territories which have become Members of the United Nations, relationship among which shall be based on respect for the principle of sovereign equality.

Article 79

The terms of trusteeship for each territory to be placed under the trusteeship system, including any alteration or amendment, shall be agreed upon by the states directly concerned, including the mandatory power in the case of territories held under mandate by a Member of the United Nations, and shall be approved as provided for in Articles 83 and 85.

Article 80

1. Except as may be agreed upon in individual trusteeship agreements, made under Articles 77, 79, and 81, placing each territory under the trusteeship system, and until such agreements have been concluded, nothing in this Chapter shall be construed in or of itself to alter in any manner the rights whatsoever of any states or any peoples or the terms of existing international instruments to which Members of the United Nations may respectively be parties.

2. Paragraph 1 of this Article shall not be interpreted as giving grounds for delay or postponement of the negotiation and conclusion of agreements for placing mandated and other territories under the trusteeship system as provided for in Article 77.

Article 81

The trusteeship agreement shall in each case include the terms under which the trust territory will be administered and designate the authority which will exercise the administration of the trust territory. Such authority, hereinafter called the administering authority, may be one or more states or the Organization itself.

Article 82

There may be designated, in any trusteeship agreement, a strategic area or areas which may include part or all of the trust territory to which the agreement applies, without prejudice to any special agreement or agreements made under Article 43.

Article 83

1. All functions of the United Nations relating to strategic areas, including the approval of the terms of the trusteeship agreements and of their alteration or amendment, shall be exercised by the Security Council.

2. The basic objectives set forth in Article 76 shall be applicable to the people of each strategic area.

3. The Security Council shall, subject to the provisions of the trusteeship agreements and without prejudice to security considerations, avail itself of the assistance of the Trusteeship Council to perform those functions of the United Nations under the trusteeship system relating to political. economic, social, and educational matters in the strategic areas.

Article 84

It shall be the duty of the administering authority to ensure that the trust territory shall play its part in the maintenance of international peace and security. To this end the administering authority may make use of volunteer forces, facilities, and assistance from the trust territory in carrying out the obligations towards the Security Council undertaken in this regard by the administering authority, as well as for local defense and the maintenance of law and order within the trust territory.

Article 85

1. The functions of the United Nations with regard to trusteeship agreements for all areas not designated as strategic, including the approval of the terms of the trusteeship agreements and of their alteration or amendment, shall be exercised by the General Assembly.

2. The Trusteeship Council, operating under the authority of the General Assembly, shall assist the General Assembly in carrying out these functions.

CHAPTER XIII

THE TRUSTEESHIP COUNCIL

Composition

Article 86

1. The Trusteeship Council shall consist of the following Members of the United Nations:

a. those Members administering trust territories;

b. such of those Members mentioned by name in Article 23 as are not administering trust territories; and

c. as many other Members elected for three-year terms by the General Assembly as may be necessary to ensure that the total number of members of the Trusteeship Council is equally divided between those Members of the United Nations which administer trust territories and those which do not.

2. Each member of the Trusteeship Council shall designate one specially qualified person to represent it therein.


Article 87

The General Assembly and, under its authority, the Trusteeship Council, in carrying out their functions, may:

a. consider reports submitted by the administering authority;

b. accept petitions and examine them in consultation with the administering authority;

c. provide for periodic visits to the respective trust territories at times agreed upon with the administering authority; and

d. take these and other actions in conformity with the terms of the trusteeship agreements.

Article 88

The Trusteeship Council shall formulate a questionnaire on the political, economic, social, and educational advancement of the inhabitants of each trust territory, and the administering authority for each trust territory within the competence of the General Assembly shall make an annual report to the General Assembly upon the basis of such questionnaire.

Voting

Article 89

1. Each member of the Trusteeship Council shall have one vote.

2. Decisions of the Trusteeship Council shall be made by a majority of the members present and voting.

Procedure

Article 90

1. The Trusteeship Council shall adopt its own rules of procedure, including the method of selecting its President.

2. The Trusteeship Council shall meet as required in accordance with its rules, which shall include provision for the convening of meetings on the request of a majority of its members.

Article 91

The Trusteeship Council shall, when appropriate, avail itself of the assistance of the Economic and Social Council and of the specialized agencies in regard to matters with which they are respectively concerned.

CHAPTER XIV

THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE

Article 92

The International Court of Justice shall be the principal judicial organ of the United Nations. It shall function in accordance with the annexed Statute which is based upon the Statute of the Permanent Court of International Justice and forms an integral part of the present Charter.

Article 93

1. All Members of the United Nations are ipso facto parties to the Statute of the International Court of Justice.

2. A state which is not a Member of the United Nations may become a party to the Statute of the International Court of Justice on conditions to be determined in each case by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council.

Article 94

1. Each Member of the United Nations undertakes to comply with the decision of the International Court of Justice in any case to which it is a party.

2. If any party to a case fails to perform the obligations incumbent upon it under a judgment rendered by the Court, the other party may have recourse to the Security Council, which may, if it deems necessary, make recommendations or decide upon measures to be taken to give effect to the judgment.

Article 95

Nothing in the present Charter shall prevent Members of the United Nations from entrusting the solution of their differences to other tribunals by virtue of agreements already in existence or which may be concluded in the future.

Article 96

1. The General Assembly or the Security Council may request the International Court of Justice to give an advisory opinion on any legal question.

2. Other organs of the United Nations and specialized agencies, which may at any time be so authorized by the General Assembly, may also request advisory opinions of the Court on legal questions arising within the scope of their activities.

CHAPTER XV

THE SECRETARIAT

Article 97

The Secretariat shall comprise a Secretary-General and such staff as the Organization may require. The Secretary-General shall be appointed by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council. He shall be the chief administrative officer of the Organization.

Article 98

The Secretary-General shall act in that capacity in all meetings of the General Assembly, of the Security Council, of the Economic and Social Council, and of the Trusteeship Council, and shall perform such other functions as are entrusted to him by these organs. The Secretary-General shall make an annual report to the General Assembly on the work of the Organization.

Article 99

The Secretary-General may bring to the attention of the Security Council any matter which in his opinion may threaten the maintenance of international peace and security.

Article 100

1. In the performance of their duties the Secretary-General and the staff shall not seek or receive instructions from any government or from any other authority external to the Organization. They shall refrain from any action which might reflect on their position as international officials responsible only to the Organization.

2. Each Member of the United Nations undertakes to respect the exclusively international character of the responsibilities of the Secretary-General and the staff and not to seek to influence them in the discharge of their responsibilities.

Article 101

1. The staff shall be appointed by the Secretary-General under regulations established by the General Assembly.

2. Appropriate staffs shall be permanently assigned to the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council, and, as required, to other organs of the United Nations. These staffs shall form a part of the Secretariat.

3. The paramount consideration in the employment of the staff and in the determination of the conditions of service shall be the necessity of securing the highest standards of efficiency, competence, and integrity. Due regard shall be paid to the importance of recruiting the staff on as wide a geographical basis as possible.

CHAPTER XVI

MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

Article 102

1. Every treaty and every international agreement entered into by any Member of the United Nations after the present Charter comes into force shall as soon as possible be registered with the Secretariat and published by it.

2. No party to any such treaty or international agreement which has not been registered in accordance with the provisions of paragraph I of this Article may invoke that treaty or agreement before any organ of the United Nations.

Article 103

In the event of a conflict between the obligations of the Members of the United Nations under the present Charter and their obligations under any other international agreement, their obligations under the present Charter shall prevail.

Article 104

The Organization shall enjoy in the territory of each of its Members such legal capacity as may be necessary for the exercise of its functions and the fulfillment of its purposes.

Article 105

1. The Organization shall enjoy in the territory of each of its Members such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the fulfillment of its purposes.

2. Representatives of the Members of the United Nations and officials of the Organization shall similarly enjoy such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the independent exercise of their functions in connection with the Organization.

3. The General Assembly may make recommendations with a view to determining the details of the application of paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article or may propose conventions to the Members of the United Nations for this purpose.

CHAPTER XVII

TRANSITIONAL SECURITY ARRANGEMENTS

Article 106

Pending the coming into force of such special agreements referred to in Article 43 as in the opinion of the Security Council enable it to begin the exercise of its responsibilities under Article 42, the parties to the Four-Nation Declaration, signed at Moscow October 30, 1943, and France, shall, in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 5 of that Declaration, consult with one another and as occasion requires with other Members of the United Nations with a view to such joint action on behalf of the Organization as may be necessary for the purpose of maintaining international peace and security.

Article 107

Nothing in the present Charter shall invalidate or preclude action, in relation to any state which during the Second World War has been an enemy of any signatory to the present Charter, taken or authorized as a result of that war by the Governments having responsibility for such action.

CHAPTER XVIII

AMENDMENTS

Article 108

Amendments to the present Charter shall come into force for all Members of the United Nations when they have been adopted by a vote of two thirds of the members of the General Assembly and ratified in accordance with their respective constitutional processes by two thirds of the Members of the United Nations, including all the permanent members of the Security Council.

Article 109

1. A General Conference of the Members of the United Nations for the purpose of reviewing the present Charter may be held at a date and place to be fixed by a two-thirds vote of the members of the General Assembly and by a vote of any seven members of the Security Council. Each Member of the United Nations shall have one vote in the conference.

2. Any alteration of the present Charter recommended by a two-thirds vote of the conference shall take effect when ratified in accordance with their respective constitutional processes by two thirds of the Members of the United Nations including all the permanent members of the Security Council.

3. If such a conference has not been held before the tenth annual session of the General Assembly following the coming into force of the present Charter, the proposal to call such a conference shall be placed on the agenda of that session of the General Assembly, and the conference shall be held if so decided by a majority vote of the members of the General Assembly and by a vote of any seven members of the Security Council.

CHAPTER XIX

RATIFICATION AND SIGNATURE

Article 110

1. The present Charter shall be ratified by the signatory states in accordance with their respective constitutional processes.

2. The ratifications shall be deposited with the Government of the United States of America, which shall notify all the signatory states of each deposit as well as the Secretary-General of the Organization when he has been appointed.

3. The present Charter shall come into force upon the deposit of ratifications by the Republic of China, France, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of America, and by a majority of the other signatory states. A protocol of the ratifications deposited shall thereupon be drawn up by the Government of the United States of America which shall communicate copies thereof to all the signatory states.

4. The states signatory to the present Charter which ratify it after it has come into force will become original Members of the United Nations on the date of the deposit of their respective ratifications.

Article 111

The present Charter, of which the Chinese, French, Russian, English, and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall remain deposited in the archives of the Government of the United States of America. Duly certified copies thereof shall be transmitted by that Government to the Governments of the other signatory states.

IN FAITH WHEREOF the representatives of the Governments of the United Nations have signed the present Charter.

DONE at the city of San Francisco the twenty-sixth day of June, one thousand nine hundred and forty-five.

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