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Student Achievement
Teacher Effectiveness
Qualities of Effective Teachers
Stronge and Associates Educational Consulting,
LLC
Stronge and Associates Educational Consulting,
LLC
Opening Questions
1. Why are effective teachers so important?
2. What is an effective teacher?
Stronge and Associates Educational Consulting,
LLC
Why are effective teachers so important?
Stronge and Associates Educational Consulting,
LLC
What factor had the largest effect on student achievement?
Mixed Ability Grouping?
Class Size?
Prior Achievement?
The Teacher?
Stronge and Associates Educational Consulting,
LLC
What factor had the largest effect on student achievement?
Mixed Ability Grouping? 4
Class Size? 3
Prior Achievement? 2
The Teacher? 1
Wright, Horn, & Sanders, http://www.sas.com/govedu/edu/ed_eval.pdf (1997)
Stronge and Associates Educational Consulting,
LLC
Influences on Student Achievement:Explained Variance
Students50%
Peers5-10%
School5-10%
Home5-10%
Teachers30%
Hattie, http://acer.edu.au/documents (2003)
Stronge and Associates Educational Consulting,
LLC
One-year Impact ofEffective vs.
Less Effective Teachers
Stronge and Associates Educational Consulting,
LLC
240 250 260 270 280
Actual Reading
240
250
260
270
280
Actual Reading Score
Pre
dic
ted
Rea
din
g S
core
Over-predicted: The prediction was 16 points higher than actual.
This student scored exactly as predicted.
Under-predicted: The prediction was 20 points lower than actual.
The majority of predictions are very accurate.
5th Grade Reading:Predicted vs. Actual
Stronge, Ward, & Grant, Journal of Teacher Education (2011)
Stronge and Associates Educational Consulting,
LLC
Teacher Achievement Indices: Reading
20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00
Reading TAI
0
10
20
30C
ou
nt
Stronge, Ward, & Grant, Journal of Teacher Education (2011)
Lower than predicted growth
Higher than predicted growth
Stronge and Associates Educational Consulting,
LLC
Dallas Research: Teacher Quality
Dallas, Texas data: 2800-3200 students per cohortComparison of 3 “highly effective” & 3 “ineffective” teachers (Jordan, Mendro, & Weerasinghe, 1997)
1st Grade 4th Grade0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Highly EffectiveIneffective
4th Grade Math Achievement
Stronge and Associates Educational Consulting,
LLC
Dallas Research: Teacher Quality
Dallas, Texas data: 2800-3200 students per cohortComparison of 3 “highly effective” & 3 “ineffective” teachers (Jordan, Mendro, & Weerasinghe, 1997)
1st Grade 4th Grade0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Highly EffectiveIneffective
4th Grade Reading Achievement
Stronge and Associates Educational Consulting,
LLC
Sequence of Effective Teachers
Low
High
52-54percentile
points difference
Low Low
High High
Sanders & Rivers (1996)
Stronge and Associates Educational Consulting,
LLC
Sequence of Effective Teachers
Low
High
13percentile
points difference
Low
High High
Sanders & Rivers (1996)
High
Stronge and Associates Educational Consulting,
LLC
Residual Effect
Two years of effective teachers could not remediate the achievement loss caused by one year with a poor teacher.
Mendro, Jordan, Gomez, Anderson, & Bembry (1998)
Stronge and Associates Educational Consulting,
LLC
Time in School Year Needed to Achieve the Same Amount of Learning
Leigh, Economics of Education Review (2010)
0 1/4 1/2 3/4 1
25th PercentileTeacher
75th PercentileTeacher
Years Needed
Stronge and Associates Educational Consulting,
LLC
Leigh, Economics of Education Review (2010)
Time in School Year Needed to Achieve the Same Amount of Learning
0 1/4 1/2 3/4 1
10th PercentileTeacher
90th PercentileTeacher
Years Needed
Stronge and Associates Educational Consulting,
LLC
Annual Student Achievement Gains
05
101520253035
Class Size Reduction: 24:1to 15:1
Teacher QualityImprovement: 75 vs. 25 %tile
Pe
rce
nti
le G
ain
Barber, M., & Mourshed, M. (2007). How the world’s best-performing school systems come out on top. London: McKinsey & Company. Retrieved from http://www.mckinsey.com/locations/ukireland/publications/pdf/ Education_report.pdf; Stronge, J.H., Ward, T.J., Tucker, P.D., & Grant, L.W., in preparation
Teacher Quality Improvement: 25th vs. 75th percentile
Class Size Reduction: 24:1 to 15:1
Stronge and Associates Educational Consulting,
LLC
Spillover Effect
Jackon & Bruegmann, American Economic Journal: Applied Economics (2009)
Student achievement rises across a grade when a high-quality teacher comes on board: one-tenth to one-fifth the impact of replacing the students’ own teacher
Stronge and Associates Educational Consulting,
LLC
What is an effective teacher?
Stronge and Associates Educational Consulting,
LLC
The Enigma
Stronge and Associates Educational Consulting,
LLC
Qualities of Effective Teachers
The Person
Background
Prerequisites Classroom Management &
Instruction
Organizing for Instruction
Implementing Instruction
Job Responsibilities and Practices
EFFECTIVE TEACHERS
Monitoring Student
Progress & Potential
Stronge, Qualities of Effective Teachers, ASCD (2007)Diagram used with the Permission of Linda Hutchinson, Doctoral Student, The College of William and Mary
Stronge and Associates Educational Consulting,
LLC
Which teacher factor is a strong predictor of student achievement gains?
• Teacher experience
• Teacher level of education
• Type of teacher certification
X
X
X
Prerequisites of Effective Teachers
Stronge and Associates Educational Consulting,
LLC
Prerequisite Characteristics
3%
97%
PrerequisiteCharacteristics
Other TeacherCharacteristics
Stronge and Associates Educational Consulting,
LLC
Write a word or phrase to describe your most memorable teacher:
The Teacher as a Person
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Which of these qualities is closest to your response?
Used cooperative learning Gave great tests Maintained control of the classroom Had a major in mathematics Cared about me Made learning fun Pushed me to succeed
Stronge and Associates Educational Consulting,
LLC
The Teacher as a Person
• Caring
• Fairness & Respect
• Attitude
• Reflective Practice
Stronge and Associates Educational Consulting,
LLC
Qualities of Effective Teachers
The Person
Background
Prerequisites Classroom Management &
Instruction
Organizing for Instruction
Implementing Instruction
Job Responsibilities and Practices
EFFECTIVE TEACHERS
Monitoring Student
Progress & Potential
Stronge, Qualities of Effective Teachers, ASCD (2007)Diagram used with the Permission of Linda Hutchinson, Doctoral Student, The College of William and Mary
Stronge and Associates Educational Consulting,
LLC
The Bottom Line
Joe Carroll (1994)
“… nothing, absolutely nothing has happened in education until it has happened to a student”