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8/13/2019 Structure of Atom 4
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The Electronic Structure
of an AtomChapter 2 (4)
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An atom contains:Proton
Neutron and
Electron
Modern Atom Model
Electron
Nucleus } proton + neutron
Shell
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The Solar System
a) A planet movingaround the sun.
b) Solar systemcontains:
The sun
The planetsSunPlanet
Orbit
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Nucleus
Shell
Electron
Orbit
Sun
Planet
What Is The Similarities
and Differences?
Difference:
The orbit in solar system contain only 1 planet,
but the shell may contain more than 1 electron.
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Electron Arrangement
The electron arrangementis:
How the electrons of an atom arelocated around the nucleus.
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How Electrons Are
Arranged?
Number of electron = Number of
proton The first shell will be filled with
electrons till the maximum
numbersfollowed by the secondshell, third shell, etc.
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The standard representation for anatom
XA
Z
Symbol ofelements
Nucleonnumber
Protonnumber
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Example
Mg24
12
How manyelectrons does amagnesium atom
have?
12
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Example
Au197
79
How manyelectrons does amagnesium atom
have?
79
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Electronic Shells
Shell no 1
Shell no 2
Shell no 3
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Electron Arrangement
The first shell can be filledwith maximum of 2electrons.
The second shell can be filled
with maximum of 8electrons.
The third shell can be filledwith maximum of 18
electrons, but for elements1-20 the maximum electrons
can be filled is8 electrons.
The remains electron is filled
in the fourth shell.
An example: Argon
2.8.8
Ar40
18
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An example: Aluminum
2.8.3
Electron arrangement
Aluminum has 13 proton
number.
So, a neutral aluminum atom
has 13 electronsto be filled in
the shells.
Al27
13
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Fluorine has 9 protonnumber.
So, a neutral fluorine atom has
9 electronsto be filled in the
shells.
Fluorine2.7
F19
9
Electron Arrangement
Exercise:
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Neon2.8
Neon has 10 protonnumber.
So, a neutral neon atom has10 electronsto be filled in the
shells.
Ne20
10
Electron Arrangement
Exercise:
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Sodium has 11 protonnumber.
So, a neutral sodium atom has
11 electronsto be filled in the
shells.
Sodium
2.8.1
Na23
11
Electron Arrangement
Exercise
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Electron Arrangement
ExerciseCalcium has 20 protonnumber.So, a neutral calcium atom has
20 electronsto be filled in the
shells.
Calcium
2.8.8.2
Ca40
20
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Conclusion
The electron arrangement is
howthe electrons of an atom are
located around the nucleus.
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