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Structural-safety Alastair Soane November 2011. Structural-safety incorporating CROSS and SCOSS. Structural-safety incorporating CROSS and SCOSS. Structural-safety incorporating CROSS and SCOSS. Ronan Point 1968. Milford Haven 1970. SCOSS collects data from public sources on failures - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Structural-safety
Alastair Soane
November 2011
Structural-safety incorporating CROSS and SCOSSStructural-safety incorporating CROSS and SCOSSStructural-safety incorporating CROSS and SCOSS
Ronan Point 1968
Milford Haven 1970
SCOSS
• collects data from public sources on failures
• consider whether unacceptable risk exists
• publishes Alerts
• help to influence changes to improve structural safety
CROSS
• collect confidential data on concerns
• provide comments in relation to these concerns
• maintains a data base of reports and publications
• promote a positive attitude to learning from experience
Confidential reporting
Sponsors
• Institution of Structural Engineers
• Institution of Civil Engineers
• Health and Safety Executive
Supporters• UK Bridges Board
• Highways Agency
• British Parking Association
• Department of Communities and Local Government
• DRD Northern Ireland
• Local Authority Building Control
• Scottish Government Building Standards Division
normal operations
incidents
injury
fatal incidents
precursors
diagram courtesy of ASRS
Pyramid of risk
HSE or other authorities
CROSS
Precursors should be reported internally and can be reported to CROSS
Operating system
analysis and comments
Reports
newslettersand
data base
influenceand
change
• reporting from firms encouraged
• reports are confidential
• identities are removed
• analysis and comment by expert panel
Reporters
Examples from building control
29 defective submissions
10 dangerous
– 9 from sole practitioners
– 13 from small practices
– 5 from medium sized practices
– 2 were from “top” practices 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
material
steel timber masonry concrete
Reports by sector
Fig. 1 Reports by sector
demolition2%
appointment2%
design22%operation
29%
construction45%
Blind bolts
• Steel frame collapse
• Staircase collapse
• Winch failure on offshore rig
imported products
British Waterways
8 tonne counterweight
hidden fixings
Pre-stressed tanks
cable corrosion
Acoustic Ceiling Collapses
fixings
Public art
not enough engineering
Proprietary roof system 2011
failure at support
more data needed
River Crane bridge
scour
SCOTCROSS
• fatality due to falling masonry in 2001
• legal recommendation for a survey
• started August 2005 – completed August 2007
• 1,186 reports from 25 LAs
• 12 injuries from falling debris
• abundance of statistical data
Masonry façade degradation
form of construction, age, and weathering
Typical concerns
Figure 2 Unsafe pediment
Figure 3 Decaying stonework
Figure 4 Dangerous slates
Figure 5 Cracked stonework
age and weathering
Distribution of reports
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Aug-05
Sep-05
Oct-05
Nov-05
Dec-05
Jan-06
Feb-06
Mar-06
Apr-06
May-06
Jun-06
Jul-06
Aug-06
Sep-06
Oct-06
Nov-06
Dec-06
Jan-07
Feb-07
Mar-07
Apr-07
May-07
Jun-07
Jul-07
January 2007
Snow load collapses 2010/11
depth of ice and snow
Water ballast for temporary structures
reliance on non-structural components
Concrete ballast
Wind turbine in Wyoming February 2011
-48 degrees C
LPS structure demolition 2010
lack of robustness
Exploding concrete
unexpected chemical reaction
Degradation of 1960s MSCP
form of construction, age, salt, lack of maintenance
Timber frames during construction
acceptable risk?
Structural-safety International
• Engineers Australia close to joining the scheme
• Co-operation with ABC Meldpunt in Holland
• BCA in Singapore are interested
• Malaysian authorities have made enquiries
• CEBC are planning an EU wide defects reporting system and are monitoring CROSS
• concept is for an International Group of organisations who run similar programmes to share information through a common data base.
Twente stadium roof 2011
bracing incomplete
Cologne records office
collapse of adjacent cut
Results from CROSS• BSI and CFA review of fixing standards
• CIRIA review on major events in construction safety
• Highways Agency have embedded CROSS procedures
• DRD Northern Ireland have followed suit
• Evidence submitted to Building Regulations for England on robustness and other matters
• Scottish Government’s review of hazards from older buildings
• BSI looking at snow loading
• BSI looking at shear concerns in concrete
Birmingham TV screen 2006
inadequate temporary structure
Ground supported stage structure
Indiana Stage roof 2011
SCOSS current top concerns
• Falsified documentation
• Quality of some imported steel components
• Temporary stage roofs
• Bolted fixings
• Robustness
• Fire and construction methods
Benefits
• Learn from the experiences of others
• Source of practical information
• Identification of pre-cursors to failure
• Tool for influencing regulations and codes
• Potential for avoiding or reducing failures
• Economically sound
• Ethically sound
The programme depends on receiving reports from individuals, firms, and regulatory bodies. You can participate by sending concerns in confidence to:
www.structural-safety.org