Stress, Resiliency, and Health Equity

Present materials on the development and translation of a racial and gendered stress measure as the foundation for the development of a health equity agenda

What specific psychosocial responses to African American women’s lived experiences, in places where they live, work, play and age over the life course adversely impact emotional and mental health (stress and depression) contributing to poor birth outcomes

What are the best ways to assess the emotional/mental health consequences of racial and gendered stress as risks to preconceptual, perinatal, and postpartum health.

How might an assessment of the particular stress of race and gender be translated into interventions and policies to arrest the crisis of black infant mortality.

The development of a race and gender-based stress measurement; Jackson, Hogue, Phillips Contextualized Stress Measure

Determining the link between contextualized stress and other psychosocial risks for the health of the mother and child.

Developing translation strategies for practice, policy and advocacy

Mixed-methods for tool development: Focus groups, interviews, content analysis, item construction, evaluation, psychometric testing

Regression analysis for linking contextualized stress to depression

Community-based research dissemination Photovoice and appreciative inquiry for

research translation for practice and advocacy

Stress as a Composite of Stressors and Stress Mediators (indicators of resilience); Allostasis

Embodies the Social Determinants; Lived Experiences of Race, Gender and Class

Structural and Individual Level Inequity (Race, Gender, Class); Multiple and Overlapping Contexts; Community and Individual Resilience (Cultural and Historical)

The intersection of racial and gendered inequity results in gendered racism as stress for African American women.

African American women are authorities on their lives with clear perspectives on the causes and remedies for poor health, including poor birth outcomes.

Authentic experiences of African American women as told by them can be translated into a valid, reliable stress measurement.

69 item measurement (latest version 56 items) translated from qualitative data

Measuring racism, gendered burden, abuse/neglect (trauma), workplace stressors, distress, and stress mediators (resilience)

Psychometric properties; Cronbach alpha (internal consistency) 0.84-0.89

Validated with another stress measure (PSS, p<.01); with depression (BDI-II, p <.01); Anxiety (p<.01).

But personally it’s[racism], like a daily battle and I feel like I always have to look over my shoulder…And that’s stressful…I’ve just seen different types of racism. Now I have an opportunity not only to experience it on the job but watch people do it to children. And that’s very very stressful. Then I feel I have to move in and say, hey! You don’t know what you are doing. I have to deal with racism directed at African American children that I interact with (58%)

The pregnancy scares the life out of me because I am pregnant with a boy and I know how black boys are treated in this society. And because I’ve seen that it worries me because I wonder if I can give my baby boy what he needs in order to function in this racist society.

Called Nappy-Haired Hos

Place matters, neighborhood inequity Women’s burdens caring for others; lack of

reciprocity Income inadequacy and inequity Discrimination; racism and sexism on the

job Physical, sexual, and emotional abuse

• Significant correlations among the stressor subscales (racism and burden, personal history and burden, burden and workplace)

• Contextualized racial and gendered stress is predictive of perinatal depression

Family and friendship support Historical and cultural teaching/mentoring

and affirmation Hopefulness Faith-based Civic engagement Activism Self care

Calming the Waters: Holding Back the Storms©

Save 100 Babies©

The arc of the moral universe is long, but it bends

toward justice

We can interrupt the crisis of black infant mortality through:

Healthy Families

Enduring Faith

Positive Social Support

Safe Housing

Healthy Nutrition

Quality Education

Fair Employment

Accessible Transportation

Quality Health Care

Fleda Mask Jackson, Ph.D.fledamjackson@gmail.comwww.drfledamjackson.com