Stratigraphy and sedimentology of the middle Cenomanian ... · B Deepening-up Vs Shallowing-up sequences 10 km m S6 S5 S4 S3 S2 S1 S6 B C A A C B A B B m 2 km . Slide 38 Paper # •

Stratigraphy and sedimentology of the middle Cenomanian Natih Formation in

the Jabal Shams area (Jabal Akhdar, Sultanate of Oman): An outcrop analogue

for reservoir heterogeneity in the Mishrif Formation of Al Khalij field (Qatar).

Robinet, J. (1, 2), Razin, P. (2), Grélaud, C. (2), Peyre, M. (2), Caline, B (1), Boichard, R. (1), Poutier, A. (1),

Pigeaud, T. (3), Fernagu, J.(3), Al Tamimi, F. (3)

1 : TOTAL E&P, Technology Centre, CSTJF, Pau France 2 : ENSEGID - Bordeaux INP 3 : TOTAL E&P Qatar

In the eastern Arabian Plate, the Middle Cenomanian series correspond to a very extensive inner

carbonate platform system, which developed between the Arabian Shield in the southeast and the

Tethys margin in the north. The assumed large extension of the platform and the regional

stratigraphic correlation led to study the Middle Cenomanian Sequence II of the Natih Formation

(Natih D and C members) in Oman as a field analogue of the lower part of the upper Mishrif

Formation in the Al Khalij field in Qatar.

The thorough mapping of more than 20 fifth-order sequences over continuously-exposed outcrops in

the Jabal Shams area (SW Jabal Akhdar, Sultanate of Oman) allows the physical correlations of about

100 field-sections calibrated by thin-section analysis. This resulted in a robust, high-resolution,

almost 3D, sequence stratigraphic model which records the evolution of the depositional profile and

facies distribution of the carbonate system through time. This study allows to define the main factors

controlling this evolution, to quantify the geometries and to understand the distribution of

geobodies, which show the best reservoir potential.

The lower part of the Sequence (Natih D Mb., 45 m-thick) corresponds to homogenous, tabular

aggradation of shallow-marine, muddy carbonate platform deposits during a period of an overall

increase in the rate of accommodation creation. The upper part of the sequence (Natih C Mb., 15 m-

thick) is characterized by more complex stratigraphic geometries, displaying a wide range of dip

angles (0° to 30°) and rapid lateral facies variations. This complexity is the result of the differential

aggradation of shallow carbonate platform deposits during the period of maximum increase of

accommodation rate, leading to the development of localized depressions (less than 10 m deep) on

the platform top. The resulting low-angle dip of the depositional profile had a major influence on the

hydrodynamic conditions of the system, as revealed by the progressive development of high-energy

grainstone facies on the shallow ‘highs’. Improved marine conditions are inferred to have been

responsible for palaeoecological change, as shown by the development of rudists and an increase in

carbonate production at this time. This inversion of the ratio between accommodation and

sedimentation rates resulted in the filling of the small depressions, characterized by a succession of

prograding systems tracks of variable angles (5° to 15°) displaying rapid lateral facies changes.

Coarse, high-angle (up to 30°) rudist rudstone sand-waves of high permeability potential developed

locally and repeatedly within this regressive fill unit.

The geometries and distribution of significant stratigraphic heterogeneity observed within the overall

tabular (‘layer cake’) Middle Cenomanian Sequence II of the Natih Formation work provides a well

constrained field analogue for the time-equivalent Natih and Mishrif reservoirs in the Middle East.

Paper No.1493 Stratigraphy and sedimentology of the middle Cenomanian Natih

Formation in the Jabal Shams area (Jabal Akhdar, Sultanate of Oman):

An outcrop analogue for reservoir heterogeneity in the Mishrif Formation of Al Khalij field (Qatar).

Jérémy ROBINET1&2, Philippe RAZIN2,Carine GRELAUD2, Maxime PEYRE2, Bruno CALINE1, Robert BOICHARD1, Antoine

POUTIER1, Thierry PIGEAUD3, Fahad AL TAMINI3, Noureddine BOUNOUA4 & Tarek GAGIGI4

Session 37: Carbonate Stratigraphy and Sedimentology December 9th, 2015 – 08:30 – 09:00

1 TOTAL E&P Technology Centre, France 2 ENSEGID, France

3 TOTAL E&P, Qatar 4 QATAR PETROLEUM, Qatar

OBJECTIVES Slide 2

paper n°1493 - Outcrop study of the Natih Formation in Oman – Robinet et al.

Al Khalij Field

(Konert et al., 2001)

Laurasia

Gondwana

Blakey, 2011

105 Ma (Albian)

Studied area

• Characterization of the reservoir heterogeneities of the

Upper Mishrif Formation in the Al Khalij Field (Qatar)

•Geological constrains on the distribution, extension and

geometry of the different facies

Albian – Cenomanian :

Very large platform on the Neo Tethys margin

Analogies between

the Mishrif Formation in Qatar and the Natih Formation in Oman

ARUMA Gp.

WASIA

Gp

KHAMAH /

THAMAMAH

Gp.

SAHTAN Gp.

Cre

tace

ous c

arb

on

ate

pla

tfo

rm in

Om

an

Fiqa eq.

Nahr Umr

Fm.

Seq. I

Seq. II

Seq. III

Oman outcrops Al Khalij Field

Na

tih

DN

ati

hE

Na

tih

CN

ati

hB

& A

(u

nd

iffe

ren

tia

ted

)

Se

qu

en

ce

SII

Se

qu

en

ce

SIII

SI

SB 6

SB 7

SB 7bis

Viéban et al., 2006

SB6

Lower Mishrif

Up

pe

r M

ish

rif

Laffan Shales

SB7 bis

Na

tih

Fm

. (Razin et al., 2005)

Slide 3

STRATIGRAPHY

?

30

m

30

m

Slide 4

Paper # • Paper Title • Presenter Name

Gulf of Oman N

Al Hamra

Al Hoota

Jabal Akhdar

Jabal Shams

Detailed study

Base of sequence II

Top of sequence II Faults

FIELD WORK LOCATION

Reference

sedimentological

section

Detailed study in the Jabal Shams area

Sultanate of

Oman 100 km

N

(Özcan et al., 2015)

Slide 5 B

10 km

S6

S5

S4

S3

S2

S1

Large scale transect

TRANSECTS OF CORRELATION &

FACIES DISTRIBUTION

B

25 m

SW NE

Vertical exaggeration : x 250 !

Slide 6 B

10 km

S6

S5

S4

S3

S2

S1

2 km S6

Large scale transect

Detail transect


FACIES DISTRIBUTION

B

25 m

15

m

SW NE Vertical exaggeration : x 50 !


Slide 7

FINE-GRAINED MUD DOMINATED FACIES

Muddy deposits type 1 Muddy deposits type 2

Slide 8

COARSE-GRAINED RUDISTS RICH DEPOSISTS

paper n°1493 - Outcrop study of the Natih Formation in Oman – Robinet et al.

Vertical exageration : x 50

5m

SW Slide 10

8 km NE

NA

TIH

C

15 m

Muddy deposits type 1 (MUD 1) Muddy deposits type 2 (MUD 2)

Paper # • Paper Title • Presenter Name 2 mm

Bioclastic grainstone

Shallower Deeper

Slide 11 B

10 km

S6

S5

S4

S3

S2

S1


GEOMETRIES

B

25 m

SW NE

Sub-horizontal profiles

Slide 12 B

10 km

S6

S5

S4

S3

S2

S1

2 km S6


GEOMETRIES

B

25 m

15

m

SW NE Vertical exaggeration : x 50 !

Sub-horizontal profiles

Medium to very high-angle profiles

Medium to very

high-angle profiles

Slide 13

MUD 1 MUD 2 ?

1. SUB-HORIZONTAL DEPOSITIONAL SYSTEM

B

Rudists

?

MUD 1 MUD 2 MUD 1 MUD 2

2. MEDIUM TO VERY HIGH-ANGLE DEPOSITIONAL SYSTEM

Rudists Rudists

Sandwaves


SLIDE TITLE HERE

Top Seq. I

Top Seq. II

STACKING PATTERNS (3rd order) Slide 14 B

Top Seq. II

Top Seq. I

SE

QU

EN

CE

II

(60

m)

Pure carbonate

system Higher rate of

accommodation

Argillaceous

carbonate system Low rate of

accommodation

Slide 15

x m

3 m

Deepening-up sequence

MUD 1

•Coarsening-up

•Deepening-up

Burrows

≈10 m

Shallow-up sequence

MUD 2

•Coarsening-up

•Shallowing-up

STACKING PATTERNS (High frequency)

Rudists

Rudists


1 km

15 m

SW NE STRATIGRAPHIC EVOLUTION

Slide 16

Not to scale


1 km

15 m

SW NE 1. Homogenous aggradation

Slide 17

Not to scale


1 km

15 m

SW NE 1. Homogenous aggradation

Slide 18

Not to scale


1 km

15 m

SW NE 2. Differential aggradation

Shoal Swell

Slide 19

Not to scale


1 km

15 m

SW NE 2. Differential aggradation

Shoal Swell

Slide 20

Not to scale


1 km

15 m

SW NE 3. Maximum of accommodation

Shoal Swell

Slide 21

Not to scale


1 km

15 m

SW NE 4. Swell filling : Progradation

Slide 22

Not to scale


1 km

15 m


Slide 23

Not to scale


1 km

15 m

SW NE 4. Swell filling : Development of rudists sand waves

Rudists

sand waves

Slide 24

Not to scale


1 km

15 m


Slide 25

Not to scale


1 km

15 m

SW NE 4. Swell filling : development of rudists sandwaves

Rudists

sandwaves

Slide 26

Not to scale


1 km

15 m

SW NE 4. Swell filling : Retrogradation

Slide 27

Not to scale


1 km

15 m

SW NE 5. Swell filling : Progradation & emersion of the system

Slide 28

Not to scale

Slide 29


Controlling factors of geometries and facies distribution

•Tectonic

•Eustatism

•Paleoecology

A/S Differential

aggradation

Evolution of the

depositional system

(Shoal & swell system)

Lateral variation of : •Paleoecology

•Sedimentation rate

15 m

Not to scale

CONCLUSIONS

Identification of new facies not yet recognized in the Al Khalij Field

Depositional geometries and facies models

High resolution stratigraphic architecture of Natih sequence II

Controlling parameters on sedimentation processes

New geological concept to constrain facies distribution in the Al Khalij field

Slide 30

See Presentation n°1023 - Outcrop analogue Al Khalij field - Caline et al.

At 12h45 - Room 105

Paper n°1493 - Outcrop study of the Natih Formation in Oman – Robinet et al.

Slide 31

The authors would like to thank TOTAL E&P and QATAR

PETROLEUM for permission to present this contribution.

Slide 32


Geometries & facies

distribution


40 km SE NE SW NW

NA

TIH

C

Detailed study

8 km

NA

TIH

C

15

m

NA

TIH

D

Vertical exaggeration : x 250 !

60

m

A

B

B

C

A

A C

A B

SW Slide 33

8 km NE

NA

TIH

C

15 m

Muddy deposits type 1 Muddy deposits type 2

Paper # • Paper Title • Presenter Name 2 mm

Bioclastic grainstone

Shallower Deeper

Slide 34

MUD 1 MUD 2 ?

MUD 1 MUD 2 MUD 1 MUD 2

2. MEDIUM TO VERY HIGH-ANGLE DEPOSITIONAL SYSTEM

1. SUB-HORIZONTAL DEPOSITIONAL SYSTEM

B

Rudists Rudists

Rudists

STACKING PATTERNS (3rd order) Slide 35

Top Seq. I

Top Seq. II

Pure carbonate

system Higher rate of

accommodation

Argillaceous

carbonate system Low rate of

accommodation

SE

QU

EN

CE

II

(60 m

)

Slide 36

x m

3 m

Deepening-up sequence

MUD 1

•Coarsening-up

•Deepening-up

Burrows

≈10 m

Shallow-up sequence

MUD 2

•Coarsening-up

•Shallowing-up

STACKING PATTERNS (High frequency)

Rudists

Rudists

Slide 37

A

B

B Deepening-up Vs Shallowing-up sequences

10 km

25

m

S6

S5

S4

S3

S2

S1

S6

B C

A

A

C

B

B A

B

10

m

2 km

Slide 38


Paleogeography

Slide 39


Implication of two types of mud-dominated deposits

Well A Well B

? MUD 1 MUD 1

Slide 40



Well A Well B

Well A Well B

MUD 1 MUD 1 Sub-horizontal sequences ?

« layer cake » model of correlation ?

Slide 41



Well A Well B

MUD 1 MUD 1

MUD 2

? ? Sub-horizontal sequences ?

« layer cake » model of correlation ?

Slide 42


Well A Well B

Well A Well B


MUD 1

MUD 2 MUD 1

MUD 1

MUD 2 MUD 1

Filling of a swell

Medium to very high-angle depositional profiles

High lateral facies variations

Slide 43



Well A Well B

Well A Well B

MUD 1

MUD 2 MUD 1

MUD 1

MUD 2 MUD 1

Filling of a swell

Medium to very high-angle depositional profiles

High lateral facies variations

Slide 44


Landward

Landward

Deepening-up Vs Shallowing-up sequences

Slide 45


Al-Husseini 2010

Documents

Stratigraphy and sedimentology of the middle Cenomanian ... · B Deepening-up Vs Shallowing-up sequences 10 km m S6 S5 S4 S3 S2 S1 S6 B C A A C B A B B m 2 km . Slide 38 Paper # •