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STRATELLITES

Satellite in Stratosphere


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Contents

Introduction

Existing Technology(Satellites)

Stratellites

Construction and working Stratellite v/s satellite

Advantages

Disadvantages

Applications

Conclusion

References


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STRATOSPHERE+

SATELLITE


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Introduction

Wireless communication is simply data communication without the use of

landlines. This may involve cellular telephone, two-way radio, fixed

wireless (broadband wireless), laser (free space optics) or satellite

communication systems.

Mobile wireless technologies are going to act as glue towards bringingtogether the wired and wireless to share and distribute information

seamlessly across each others areas of reference.

Since from the beginning of wireless communications, there have been a

number of developments in each generation. Considering the future

generation of wireless communication i.e.; 4G.


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Introduction(contd..)

4thGENERATION:To achieve the goals of true broadband cellular service, the systems

have to make the leap to a fourth-generation (4G) network. 4G is

intended to provide high speed, high capacity, low cost per bit, IP based

services. The goal is to have data rates up to 20 Mbps. Most probablethe 4G network would be a network which is a combination of different

technologies (current cellular networks, 3G cellular network, wireless

LAN, etc.)

4G-cellular systems should not only be high-speed but also high-

capacity, with low bit cost, high capacity with reasonable frequencybandwidth, the cell radius of 4G-cellular systems shall be decreased

from that of present cellular systems.


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Existing Technology

Satellites:Satelliteis an artificial object which has been intentionally placed intohigher orbits.

Satellite communication is the backbone of wireless communications,

and global positioning systems.

Satellite in orbit of the planet cover huge footprint territoriesSatellites come in 4 types:

I.Geo-stationary

II.Sun-synchronous

III.GeosynchronousIV.Low-earth orbit


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Existing Technology(contd..)

Advantages of Satellite communication: High Bandwidth

Coverage over a large geographical area

Can be cheaper over long distances

Drawbacks of satellites:Two main drawbacks of satellites. The first is signal latency, which

can cause problems in establishing broadband links. Most

telecommunications satellites are in geostationary orbit to remain

above a certain point on the Earths surface. That orbit, however, is

22,240 miles above the Earth, which means that a signal going up to

the satellite(uplink) and back to the Earth(downlink) travels nearly45,000 miles, which equates to about a quarter of a second delay. Even

users of satellite voice links notice the delay.


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Drawbacks of satellites:

The second drawbackis that satellites are in space,

requiring expensive space launches, an additional level of regulation by

national space authorities, and an orbital allotment by the International

Telecommunications Union (ITU).

Also they include noise and interference due to large distance between

transmitter and receiver units.


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Stratellites A stratellite is similar to a satellite, but is stationed in the

stratosphere rather than on the orbit.

Stratellite is a High Altitude Airship(HAA), which is positioned

approximately 13 miles above the earth, which provides the benefits

of a satellite like remote sensing, navigation and communication.


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Stratellites(contd.)

Each Stratellite will have clear line-of-site communicationscapability to an entire major-metropolitan area as well as being

able to provide coverage across major rural areas.

The Stratellite is designed to carry certain payloads into the

Stratosphere determined by the requirements of the customer.

A single unit could send broadband, mobile phone and digital

television and radio signals to a large area. The unmanned

Stratellite would be powered by solar cells and propelled

by electric motors.


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Construction

Outer layer is made of spectra

is a fabric used in bullet proofvests.

Filled with a mixture of helium

and air

Consists of:

Propeller

Solar cells

Regenerative fuel cells

Helium gas bag

Transponder Hybrid electric motors


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Working

Inside is filled with Helium gas,

as it is inert gas not flammable.

The Helium gas expands

pushing out air and lifting the

airship. Uses solar cells sprayed on their

surface to generate electricity.

The generated electricity drives

propellers that work with GPStechnology to keep the stratellite

stationary.


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Stratellite v/s Satellite


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Advantages Decreases Signal latency

Less expensive to launch Service an area of

300,000 square-miles

Two-way high speed data

communication High speed broad-band

access even in remote

area.

For a country twostratellites are enough

instead of thousands of

towers


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Stratellites will carry over

20,000 pounds of radars

and other remote imaging

equipment, navigationalaids, and

telecommunications relays.

Stratellites are planned to

remain on station for a yearat a time and will cost a one

fifth as much as a

comparable satellite


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Disadvantages

May lead to traffic problems in stratosphere.

Would require efficient ground control and maintenance.

So far, this technology remains non-commercialized,

and is in a prototype stage for further developments.

Unlike with a satellite, a stratellite is at the mercy of the

weather.


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Applications

In environmental disasters telecommunication breaks down within

seconds, Re-installation of the infrastructure takes weeks or months. The Stratellite can be used as a floating mobile telecommunication

station for all telecommunication purposes and the transmission of

temporary data communication, telecommunication and TV-

programs as well as long-term missions over metropolitan cities.

The Stratellite will allow subscribers to easily communicate in "bothdirections" using readily available wireless devices.

In addition to voice and data, proposed telecommunications uses

include cellular, 3G/4G mobile, MMDS, paging, fixed wireless

telephony, HDTV, real-time surveillance and OTHERS.

Application case : Googles Project Loon

C l i


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Conclusion

Probably the most "far out there" concept in this roundup, Stratellite

is actually much closer to reality than what you may think.

Once the defects of Stratellites have been overcome and become

more reliable, they play a vital role in the future generation wireless

communication.

This is a promising technology that could combine the best of

Satellite and wired Internet - fast with low latency and hugely

widespread, at least in theory.


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References

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratellite

http://pesn.com http://www.yenra.com

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geostationary_orbit

www.howstuffworks.com

http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20021223/1452217.shtml

http://gizmodo.com/027949/sanswire-stratellite
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratellitehttp://pesn.com/http://www.yenra.com/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geostationary_orbithttp://www.howstuffworks.com/http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20021223/1452217.shtmlhttp://gizmodo.com/027949/sanswire-stratellitehttp://gizmodo.com/027949/sanswire-stratellitehttp://gizmodo.com/027949/sanswire-stratellitehttp://gizmodo.com/027949/sanswire-stratellitehttp://www.techdirt.com/articles/20021223/1452217.shtmlhttp://www.howstuffworks.com/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geostationary_orbithttp://www.yenra.com/http://pesn.com/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratellite


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THANK YOU

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