Strategies for Metro/Regional Optical NetworksBrian Pratt, brian.pratt@meriton.com CEF/REN Conference, Prague, 18 May 2005

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Agenda

Overview of Meriton Networks

Trends in Optical Networking Emerging research & education applications and high-speed networks

Technology Requirements for research & education networks

The current state-of-the-art

Building “Real” High-Speed Optical Networks Choices for technologies

Optical link engineering

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About Meriton Networks

Carrier-class, wavelength networking solution

Enable the Growth of High-speed Metro/Regional Services, from Wall Street to Main Street

Experienced team: Leaders with Newbridge, Nortel

Customers: Growing base of enterprise and service provider customers

Member of Internet2 HOPI Corporate Advisory

Research: Participant in CANARIE OBGP/UCLP

Partnerships: Fujitsu, Siemens, local partners

Global Reach:Corporate HeadquartersOttawa, Canada

USA HeadquartersRaleigh, North Carolina

European HeadquartersBristol, UK

Asia HeadquartersHong Kong

36170MainstreetXpress

46020 Network

Management Platform

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Trends in Research & Education Networks

Large-scale applications outpacing network capacity Grids, 3D visualization, physics, astronomy: all kinds of science,

engineering and other research applications Non-wire-speed 10GigE is increasingly insufficient

Multiple 10GigE wavelengths, moving to 40G deployment and research on 100G Some e-science applications already consuming 7 Gbps of sustained bandwidth

Many traditional/incumbent carriers not offering services or solutions to support these applications

Metro/regional Optical Networks for research being built as an increasing rate Acquisition of dark fibre, lit up as private networks Different communities:

University/research focused Joint education/government initiatives Corporate/enterprise networks

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Meriton’s Vision of theHybrid IP/Optical Transport Network

ServiceAccess Nodes

IP/MPLS Network Layer

Multi-Service WavelengthTransport Network

IP/MPLSRouter

MetroAccess Regional/Core

WXC

WXC WXC

CWDMDWDM DWDM

IP/MPLSRouter

IP/MPLSRouter

IP/MPLSRouter

High-EndUser

Least costly interfaces(e.g. 10GigE LAN PHY,1310 nm singlemode short-reach optics)

Transponder function at the WDM layer

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Status Quo: SONET/SDH Transport Convergence

Fiber

IP

Waves

SONET/Ethernet

MPLS/ATM

OtherServices

Fiber

IP

WDM

SONET/SDH

TDM

OtherServices

(Ethernet, SANs, etc.)

Routers

Switches

ADMs

OXCs

OADMs

Multiple networking layers leads to additional cost and operational complexities.

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Today’s Simplified Network

Converging to a full IP/MPLS layer over a common wavelength network greatly simplifies the network.

Fiber

Waves

Fiber

IP/MPLS

Wavelengths

Ethernet

SONETSDH

TDMSAN

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Optical Networking in 2005

All optical switching: optical ROADM 1st generation wavelength blocker technology giving way to 2nd generation

wavelength selectable switch (WSS) technology Electronic ROADM: the benefits of wavelength switching + simplicity of working in

the electronic domain (OEO) Roadmap toward multi-degree optical ROADM

Evidence of Moore’s Law applied to optical components Pluggable transceivers: GBICs giving way to SFPs/XFPs 10G DWDM long-reach XFP transceivers for $ 8,000 (was $ 200,000 5 years ago!) Multiple GigE wavelengths over regional distances now inexpensive Multiple 10GigE wavelengths now measured in $ x00,000, not $ x0,000,000!

Some carriers offering wavelength services over shared infrastructure

Technologies from the hype/bubble era of the late 1990s-2001are finally emerging as practical, cost-effective solutions.

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Requirements for Optical Networks for R&E

Transparency Carry any service (Ethernet, SONET, SAN, etc.) at wire-speed, from GigE to 10GigE and beyond

Ability to easily grow capacity to support 320 Gbps (32x10G) per fiber pair or more Support of emerging 40G and 100G wavelength technologies

Ability to carry 10GigE LAN PHY natively DWDM equipment that interfaces to existing/most-cost-effective interfaces of GigE/10GigE

routers/switches Avoid the expense and complication of 10GigE WAN PHY or SONET encapsulation

Ability to carry “alien” wavelengths Support a mix of DWDM and CWDM, and interoperate between them Plug-and-play: e.g. auto-discovery of new nodes/cards/interfaces

Equipment that a technician can take out of the box and have up-and-running in hours, not days

Simplicity: must be like managing a router network Central management of all optical network elements, i.e. amplifiers, dispersion compensators, etc. No on-site visits to POPs required except to connect new users/fibers Similar management features as IP networks: RADIUS authentication, packet counters, etc. Option for either in-band or out-of-band management or both Good tools for troubleshooting both CWDM and DWDM technology

Hassle-free access to vendor expertise in optical network design and support

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Requirements for Optical Networks for R&E

Simple and cost-effective, but with carrier-class reliability as/when required Use of pluggable transceiver technology, e.g. SFPs for < 2.7G, XFPs for 10G

Reduce costs, easy sparing, a standard with multiple sources

Minimize optical loss High quality optical components that allow as many huts to be skipped as possible Includes the quality of transceivers, amplifiers, dispersion compensators, filters, etc.

Ability to easily add/change services as well as entire new nodes and fibers No disruption to existing users: hot swappable, optional redundancy and optical protection Plug-and-play: as simple as popping in additional SFPs/XFPs, and connecting up new access

fibers

Granularity of single wavelengths for add/drop Switching

Switch the paths of short-/medium-term research applications via central management workstation Switching done in seconds or minutes, not weeks

Protection switching, when used, in < 50 ms

Option to use an electronic ROADM and/or optical ROADM Combine the flexibility of optical switching with the practical advantage and simplicity of electronic

transport (performance monitoring, loopbacks, etc.) Electronic ROADM to enable simpler segment-by-segment engineering, avoid complex ring

engineering Simplicity and elegance of mesh networks

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Cost-effective, Reliable, Multi-ServiceMetro/Regional High-Speed Transport

30%-40% capital & operations savings on end-to-end solutions Transparent: bit-rate/protocol independent transport 10 GigE LAN PHY transported natively Carrier-class reliability Comprehensive, open network/element management Easy to install, engineer, manage

Up to 8 wavelengths (8 or 16 GigE/1G FC)40 Gbps capacity

Up to 120 km

C/DWDM

C/DWDM

Up to 32 wavelengths320 Gbps capacity (32 x 10G)

Up to 600+ km

C/DWDM

C/DWDM

Services10GigE, GigE, 10/100Emerging 40G/100G

Fibre ChannelESCONFICON

STM-n/OC-n, E-n/DS-nVideo

Any protocol

Carrier-class products transport products at enterprise prices!

8600 NMS

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Meriton’s Vision of theEnd-to-end Transport Network

• Mix CWDM and DWDM segment-by-segment. Easier segment-by-segment ring engineering.• CWDM segments up to 120 km unamplified at GigE (80 km at 2.5G).• DWDM reach of 600+ km miles with no re-gen: only amps and DCM required.

• Raman amps for longer reach

• Mix of 10G, 2.5G, 1G wavelengths on the same fibre.• Sophisticated, integrated, managed amps & dispersion compensation.• Comprehensive, central/remote network and element management.

Regional

Metro

Metro

Metro

MetroAccess

Access

CWDM DWDMDWDM DWDM

CWDM DWDM

DWDM

CWDM

CWDM

A cost-effective, switched, multi-service, transparent wavelength network end-to-end: from access to metro to regional.

8600 NMS

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Meriton’s Vision of theEnd-to-end Transport Network

Regional

Metro

Metro

Metro

MetroAccess

Access

Any topology, including fully meshed networks, or hybrid ring/mesh networks, etc.

8600 NMS

• Mix CWDM and DWDM segment-by-segment. Easier segment-by-segment ring engineering.• CWDM segments up to 120 km unamplified at GigE (80 km at 2.5G).• DWDM reach of 600+ km miles with no re-gen: only amps and DCM required.

• Raman amps for longer reach

• Mix of 10G, 2.5G, 1G wavelengths on the same fibre.• Sophisticated, integrated, managed amps & dispersion compensation.• Comprehensive, central/remote network and element management.

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Efficiency and Transparencyof an OADM

Introducing the OADX

Leading edge support for metro/regional high-speed services.

NetworkingFlexibility

of a Switch

+ =

Optical Add/Drop Switch

(OADX)

Integrated wavelength transmission and switching in a

single platformElectronic and optical ROADM

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The Value Proposition:Scalability and Cost Savings

Scalability delivering up to 70% CAPEX Savings

Meriton’s OADX Solution

70 Km

40 Km

25 Km

40 Km

70 Km

40 Km

25 Km

40 Km

Incumbent Vendor Solution

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Fully Managed via the 8600 Network Management System and 8300 Element Management System

7200 OADX

320 Gbps capacity Any input: MM 850 nm,

SM 1310 nm or 1550 nm CWDM & DWDM Carrier-class redundancy 21 RU (36.75")

Meriton Metro/RegionalProduct Family

3300 OSU

40 Gbps capacity Any input: MM 850 nm,

SM 1310 nm or 1550 nm CWDM & DWDM Carrier-class redundancy 6 RU (10.5”)

1455 OFA

Pre/post/line amplifiers

Mid-Span DCMs Gain Tilt

Compensation Over 600 km Links

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Pluggable TransceiversSFPs and XFPs

Standardized Multi Source Agreement Packaging

SFPs: 100 M to 2.7 Gbps support Any protocol

XFPs: 10G 10GigE LAN PHY, 10GigE WAN PHY STM-64, OC-192

Change speed/protocol in software Types

Single wavelength 850 nm MM: 500 m reach 1310 nm SM: up to 40 km reach 1550 nm SM: up to 80 km reach

CWDM SM 40, 80, and 120 km reach DWDM SM 40, 80 km reach

7.6 cm x 1.8 cm x 0.8 cm

5.5 cm x 1.5 cm x 0.9 cm

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Choosing Between CWDM and DWDM

20 nm wavelength spacing

8 Channels over Single Mode Fibre (SMF)

0.8 nm wavelength spacing Also referred to as 100 GHz spacing

Some products also have 200 GHz spacing: half as many wavelengths in the C-band (i.e. 16)

Some long-haul system have 50 GHz spacing: twice as many waves in the C-band (i.e. 64)

32 Channels over SMF (100 GHz)

1 Channel of OSC

C-Band L-Band

1310 1330 1350 1370 1390 1410 1430 1450 1470 1490 1510 1530 1550 1570 1590 1610

8 Channel CWDM

(c) DWDM C BANDSMFZero Water Peak Fiber

Att

enu

atio

n

1310 1330 1350 1370 1390 1410 1430 1450 1470 1490 1510 1530 1550 1570 1590 1610

C-BandSMF

Att

enu

atio

n

1630

L-Band

CWDM – Course Wavelength Division Multiplexing

DWDM– Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing

32 Channels + OSC

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AmplificationCWDM vs. DWDM

EDFA: Erbium-doped Fibre Amplifier DWDM is typically used for longer distance transport, because EDFA amplifiers

enable very long spans more cost-effectively than CWDM. Amplifiers typically cost approximately US$ 20k or more

EDFA

80 km 80 km

C-band

L-band

{{

1 EDFA amplifies all wavelengths in the C-

band

Requires 1 amplifier

per wavelength

Requires 1 amplifier

per wavelength

CWDM wavelengths

(DWDM wavelengths)

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Electronic ROADM

Native signal transparency Bit rate and protocol independent

Fully non-blocking wavelength switching Single wavelength granularity

No stranded wavelengths

Electrical OEO approach allows for important system/network functionality: Multi-degree support

Any-to-any grid interconnect (e.g. C to DWDM)

Wavelength conversion for all channels

3R at every node (i.e. Engineers like SONET/SDH)

Layer 1 Performance Monitoring (PM)

Multicast lightpaths

7200 OADX

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Wavelength Switching Cost Sweet Spots

4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32Pass-through Channels

Optical ROADM

ElectricalOEO

Optical ROADM

ElectricalOEO

10G

2.5G

ChannelRate

Note:For 2-degree metro ring applications.

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Optical ROADM – Wave-blocker

Splitter Wave-blocker

Drop Filter

Add Filter

Coupler

• Drop and Add Filters must be tuneable for maximum flexibility.

• Hitless filter tuning is a problem.

• Many discrete components so expensive

• High insertion loss – Limits DCM – Limits reach between nodes for fully transparent networks.

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Optical ROADM – Wavelength Selective Switch (WSS)

WavelengthSelective Switch

Add

Coupler

DropChannels

OptionalExpansionPort

• Fewer discrete optical components

• Fully flexible colourless add/drop

• Lower insertion loss

• Limited number of drop ports – Use expansion port !

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How Much Capacity ?

100Gbps

Duo-binary

Wave-locker++

1b/s/Hz

16 symbol levels – 4 bits per symbol required.

256 symbol levels – 8 bits per symbol required.

40Gbps

NRZ/CS-RZ/

Wave-locker+

10G overlay

0.4b/s/Hz

Duobinary

Wave-locker+

0.8b/s/Hz

16 symbol levels – 4 bits per symbol

10Gbps

No issue

NRZ

0.1b/s/Hz

Reduced reach

Wave-locker

NRZ

0.2b/s/Hz

Reduced reach

No ROADMs

Wave-locker+

0.4b/s/Hz

100GHz 50GHz 25GHz

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Used to validate the proposed design, and produce estimated link performance in terms of optical performance across each wavelength in the DWDM optical spectrum, and the expected eye pattern.

Optical Link Engineering Methodology

• Allows fast network design and link performance calculation • Customized for Meriton 7200 OADX link endpoints and the Meriton 1450 and 1650 family of OFAs• Estimates Q, OSNR, and Margin• Can model 2.5G or 10G datarate per wavelength• Can model # of wavelengths per link• Assumes fixed Impact of non-linear network effects for all DWDM wavelengths

Meriton ‘OFA Link Design’ Tool

OptSim Commercial Optical Network Modeling Tool

• Used to determine the actual level and impact of non-linear effects on the proposed Meriton OFA Link Design• Offers more detailed graphical results of DWDM link performance

OpticalSpectrumAnalysis

EstimatedEye PatternGeneration

√Pass/Fail Report

Meriton Uses 2 Software Tools to Design Optical Amplifier Links

Typically accurate to within 95% of results offered by commercial optical modeling tool which models absolute non-linear effects.

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Optical Link Engineering Tools

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Technologies for Dynamic Optical Networks

GMPLS standards are still evolving for optical networks

Growing interest for dynamic lightpath configurations

Meriton’s path management includes a number of GMPLS concepts OSPF routing on NEs (used for management network today)

GMPLS LMP for auto network discovery, lightpath testing, and cable mis-wiring

Meriton will implement GMPLS in step with customer’s key requirements for mesh networking Pre-provisioned shared protection (enabled by GMPLS signaling)

Dynamic (best-effort) signaled protection

Operator signaled lightpaths (S-LPs)

Client on-demand wavelengths (O-UNI signaling)

Participation in initiatives such as Internet2 HOPI, CANARIE UCLP, etc., is critical

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“Best in Class” Network Management

Automatic Discovery Automatic node topology discovery Automatic card detection Automatic fiber connectivity discovery Automatic detection of fiber miscabling

Powerful Lightpath Provisioning Both Operator-Selected Routing or

Automatic Lightpath Routing End-to-end lightpath protection or

protection only for segments of lightpath

Non-disruptive Live Lightpath Routing Changes

Fast Identification and Guided Resolution of Fiber Miscabling

“The considerable investment Meriton Networks has made in network management is evident!”

Managing Optical Networks Report

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8600 NMS User Interface

Simplified lightpath visualization.

Autodiscovery of equipment and topology.Intuitive

Navigation.

Integrated Fault

Management.

Integrated Element and

Network Management

Functions.

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8300 EMS GUI

No navigation frame.

Single element only

Per element alarm view

Element status

Cross-connect

highlighting

Element cross-connect status

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IVFN™ Intelligent Virtual Fiber Networks

Physical NetworkNodes, ports, links, UNIs, lambdas

Virtual Service NetworkPartitioning UNIs and lambdas

Virtual Backbone NetworkPartitioning ports, UNIs, lambdas

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Thank Youbrian.pratt@meriton.com

gerard.owens@meriton.com