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Strategic Plan for Prevention of Contamination from Mining & Metallurgical Industries in FYROM. Presentation by Prof. D. Panias Project coordinator. With the PREWARC Project The most important environmental problems from Mining & Metallurgical activities were revealed. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Wednesday, 12/12/2007, FYROM Prevention of Contamination from Mining & Metallurgical Industries in FYROM
Strategic Plan for Strategic Plan for Prevention of Prevention of
Contamination from Contamination from Mining & Mining &
Metallurgical Metallurgical Industries in FYROMIndustries in FYROMPresentation by Prof. D. PaniasPresentation by Prof. D. Panias
Project coordinatorProject coordinator
Wednesday, 12/12/2007, FYROM Prevention of Contamination from Mining & Metallurgical Industries in FYROM
With the PREWARC ProjectWith the PREWARC Project
The most important environmental The most important environmental problems fromproblems from
Mining & Metallurgical activities were Mining & Metallurgical activities were revealedrevealed
Wednesday, 12/12/2007, FYROM Prevention of Contamination from Mining & Metallurgical Industries in FYROM
With this presentation a Strategic With this presentation a Strategic Plan for the minimization of wastes Plan for the minimization of wastes from Mining & Metallurgical from Mining & Metallurgical Activities in FYROM based on IPPC Activities in FYROM based on IPPC Directives is Directives is proposedproposed
Wednesday, 12/12/2007, FYROM Prevention of Contamination from Mining & Metallurgical Industries in FYROM
What is a Strategic Plan?What is a Strategic Plan?
An intended Action Plan that could be An intended Action Plan that could be adopted in order toadopted in order to
Minimize the interactions between Mining Minimize the interactions between Mining & Metallurgical industries with & Metallurgical industries with Environment Environment
SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
Wednesday, 12/12/2007, FYROM Prevention of Contamination from Mining & Metallurgical Industries in FYROM
Mining ActivitiesMining Activities
• Management of Waste rock
• Management of Flotation Tailings
• Actions for closure and after care
Wednesday, 12/12/2007, FYROM Prevention of Contamination from Mining & Metallurgical Industries in FYROM
Mining activities- Treatment Mining activities- Treatment of Solidsof Solids
Waste RockWaste Rock
1. Prevention of ARD 1. Prevention of ARD generationgenerationa. Covers (a. Covers (Water, dry, oxygen Water, dry, oxygen
consuming covers) consuming covers) b. Raised groundwater tableb. Raised groundwater tablec. De-pyritizationc. De-pyritizationd. d. Selective material handlingSelective material handling
2. Control ARD impact2. Control ARD impacta. a. Addition of alkaline additivesAddition of alkaline additivesb. Compaction and ground sealingb. Compaction and ground sealing
Wednesday, 12/12/2007, FYROM Prevention of Contamination from Mining & Metallurgical Industries in FYROM
Treatment of SolidsTreatment of SolidsWaste RockWaste Rock
3. Apply treatment options3. Apply treatment options
Passive treatment (wetlands or anoxic Passive treatment (wetlands or anoxic limestone drains [open or anoxic]limestone drains [open or anoxic] ))
Active treatment in a water treatment Active treatment in a water treatment plantplant
If none of the above, If none of the above, thenthen
Wednesday, 12/12/2007, FYROM Prevention of Contamination from Mining & Metallurgical Industries in FYROM
Mining activities -Treatment Mining activities -Treatment of Solidsof Solids
Tailings
Any action that Any action that
managemanagess tailings in tailings in mined-out mined-out pitspits or in dams or in dams
divertdivertss natural external run-off natural external run-off, , applappliesies a safety factor of a safety factor of at least 1.3 toat least 1.3 to
all dams during operationall dams during operation and and carrcarriesies out out progressiveprogressive restoration/revegetationrestoration/revegetation
Is suitableIs suitable
Wednesday, 12/12/2007, FYROM Prevention of Contamination from Mining & Metallurgical Industries in FYROM
Treatment of Flotation Treatment of Flotation tailings & Waste watertailings & Waste water
Case study from INTREAT projectCase study from INTREAT project
Wednesday, 12/12/2007, FYROM Prevention of Contamination from Mining & Metallurgical Industries in FYROM
V. K. copper mine
Tailings dump
Waste rock heap
Cu concentrate
FlotationProcess
Recycled water
Tailings
copper smelter
Backfill
Drainage Saraka
wastewater
Neutralization
Open pit wastewat
er
Discharging to natural receivers
Old Boropen pit
Sludge
ore
recycling
Wednesday, 12/12/2007, FYROM Prevention of Contamination from Mining & Metallurgical Industries in FYROM
Mining ActivitiesMining Activities
Closure and After Care of ARD potential waste rock and
flotation tailings management facilities
Wednesday, 12/12/2007, FYROM Prevention of Contamination from Mining & Metallurgical Industries in FYROM
Closure and After Care – Closure and After Care – Operating MinesOperating Mines
Develop closure and after care plans Develop closure and after care plans during the planning phase of the operation during the planning phase of the operation
Update them over timeUpdate them over time
Wednesday, 12/12/2007, FYROM Prevention of Contamination from Mining & Metallurgical Industries in FYROM
Closure and After Care –Closure and After Care –Closed minesClosed mines
Care for Acid Generation Control Care for Acid Generation Control
MonitoringMonitoring
Wednesday, 12/12/2007, FYROM Prevention of Contamination from Mining & Metallurgical Industries in FYROM
Metallurgical ActivitiesMetallurgical Activities
• Emissions
• Dusts
• Slags
Wednesday, 12/12/2007, FYROM Prevention of Contamination from Mining & Metallurgical Industries in FYROM
Metallurgical ActivitiesMetallurgical Activities
EmissionsEmissions
Wednesday, 12/12/2007, FYROM Prevention of Contamination from Mining & Metallurgical Industries in FYROM
Gas emissions treatment- Gas emissions treatment- PCDD/F & PCBPCDD/F & PCB
PCDD/F & PCB
1. End of Pipe Techniques1. End of Pipe TechniquesWell optimised Post-Combustion followed by Well optimised Post-Combustion followed by
rapid cooling rapid cooling - full combustion of CO and H2 in order to - full combustion of CO and H2 in order to
avoid uncontrollable reactions in gas cleaning avoid uncontrollable reactions in gas cleaning equipment equipment
- reduction of organic compounds emissions - reduction of organic compounds emissions
and/or and/or
Injection of lignite dust before entering the bag Injection of lignite dust before entering the bag filterfilter
Wednesday, 12/12/2007, FYROM Prevention of Contamination from Mining & Metallurgical Industries in FYROM
Gas emissions treatment- Gas emissions treatment- heavy metalsheavy metals
Heavy metals
1. End of pipe techniques- 1. End of pipe techniques- AbatementAbatement
Collection in high performance fabric Collection in high performance fabric filtersfilters
Wednesday, 12/12/2007, FYROM Prevention of Contamination from Mining & Metallurgical Industries in FYROM
Metallurgical ActivitiesMetallurgical Activities
Dusts
Wednesday, 12/12/2007, FYROM Prevention of Contamination from Mining & Metallurgical Industries in FYROM
DustsDustsDusts
Hoods or complete evacuation of Hoods or complete evacuation of the unitthe unit
1. Process Integrated Techniques – 1. Process Integrated Techniques – Minimization of dustMinimization of dust
2. End of pipe Techniques – 2. End of pipe Techniques – Abatement & Treatment of dustsAbatement & Treatment of dusts
Fabric filters, Wet scrubbing, Fabric filters, Wet scrubbing, Dusts Re-use (eg. Cement Dusts Re-use (eg. Cement additive)/Recycling, Controlled additive)/Recycling, Controlled disposal disposal
Wednesday, 12/12/2007, FYROM Prevention of Contamination from Mining & Metallurgical Industries in FYROM
Metallurgical ActivitiesMetallurgical Activities
Slag
Wednesday, 12/12/2007, FYROM Prevention of Contamination from Mining & Metallurgical Industries in FYROM
Treatment of slagTreatment of slagSlag
Recycling, Re-useRecycling, Re-useControlled disposalControlled disposal
1. Process Integrated Techniques – 1. Process Integrated Techniques – Minimization of slag generationMinimization of slag generation
2. End of pipe Techniques – 2. End of pipe Techniques – TreatmentTreatment
Re-design of Re-design of processprocess
Wednesday, 12/12/2007, FYROM Prevention of Contamination from Mining & Metallurgical Industries in FYROM
Energy ProductionEnergy ProductionLignite & Coal Combustion PlantsLignite & Coal Combustion Plants
• Emissions
• Fly Ash
• Wastewaters
Wednesday, 12/12/2007, FYROM Prevention of Contamination from Mining & Metallurgical Industries in FYROM
Energy ProductionEnergy Production
Emissions
Wednesday, 12/12/2007, FYROM Prevention of Contamination from Mining & Metallurgical Industries in FYROM
Gas emissions -SOGas emissions -SO22
SO2
1. End of pipe Techniques – 1. End of pipe Techniques – Treatment of gasesTreatment of gases
Flue-gas desulphurizationFlue-gas desulphurization
(wet scrubbing [lime/limestone], (wet scrubbing [lime/limestone], spray dry scrubbing using spray dry scrubbing using lime slurry, dry sorbent lime slurry, dry sorbent injection of lime slurry)injection of lime slurry)
Combined techniques for the Combined techniques for the reduction of NOreduction of NOxx and SO and SO22
Wednesday, 12/12/2007, FYROM Prevention of Contamination from Mining & Metallurgical Industries in FYROM
Gas emissions treatment Gas emissions treatment - NO- NOxxNOx
Air / fuel staging, Air / fuel staging,
Low NOLow NOxx burner burner
1.1.Process Integrated Techniques – Process Integrated Techniques – Minimization of NOxMinimization of NOx
Waste gas de-nitrification (high cost)Waste gas de-nitrification (high cost) selective catalytic reduction by NHselective catalytic reduction by NH33 or urea to N or urea to N22 and H and H22O O (170 - 500(170 - 500ooC)C) selective non catalytic reduction by NHselective non catalytic reduction by NH33 to N to N22 and H and H22O (850 O (850 – 1100– 1100ooC)C)
2. End of pipe Techniques – 2. End of pipe Techniques – Treatment of gasesTreatment of gases
Combined techniques for the reduction of NOCombined techniques for the reduction of NOxx and and SOSO22
activated carbon process with NHactivated carbon process with NH33 injection injection high surface area alumina processhigh surface area alumina process
Wednesday, 12/12/2007, FYROM Prevention of Contamination from Mining & Metallurgical Industries in FYROM
Gas emissions treatment Gas emissions treatment - CO- COCO
Complete CombustionComplete Combustion
Well optimized system for the reduction of Well optimized system for the reduction of NONOxx emissions emissions
1. Process Integrated Techniques – 1. Process Integrated Techniques – Minimization of CO generationMinimization of CO generation
2. End of pipe Techniques – 2. End of pipe Techniques – Treatment of gasesTreatment of gases
Wednesday, 12/12/2007, FYROM Prevention of Contamination from Mining & Metallurgical Industries in FYROM
Energy productionEnergy production
Fly ash
Wednesday, 12/12/2007, FYROM Prevention of Contamination from Mining & Metallurgical Industries in FYROM
Waste solids treatment- Waste solids treatment- fly ashfly ashFly ash
Controlled landfill
Re-use
Pretreatment Pretreatment – – Immobilization of Immobilization of pollutantspollutants
Landfill according to Landfill according to Council Directive Council Directive 1993/31/EC1993/31/EC
Sorption process
products
Gypsum
lignite coal lignite coal
Construction industry
Concrete additive (disregarding "Flual")
Lightweight aggregates for concrete
Foam mortar, porous concrete
High performanve concrete
"Flual" production
Blend additive in the cement industry
Raw meal consituent in the cement industry
Cement additive to delay setting
I solation walls
Construction gypsum
Ceramic industry
Road building and landscaping
Dam construction with the RCC (Roller Compacted Concrete) technique
Filler for bituminous surfacing, bonding layers and sub- base binders
Ground stabilisation, loose building materials for earth work and road
construction
Sound proofing
Landfill technology, waste treatment
Landfill
Hazardous substance immobilisation
Lining material for landfill bottom lining
Surface filter for landfill sealing
Sewage sludge conditioning
Base material for biological waste water cleaning
Filler for pipeline ditches
Stabilised ash cement mixture
Ditch filling
Other methods of utilisation
Reclamation material in mining
Zeolite production
Alpha- and beta- half hydrate production
Filling material in the paper industry
Production of anhydrite
"Muller- Kuhne- process"
Thermal recovery
Flue- gas desulphurisation
Fly ash Bottom ash
Sorption process
products
Gypsum
lignite coal lignite coal
Construction industry
Concrete additive (disregarding "Flual")
Lightweight aggregates for concrete
Foam mortar, porous concrete
High performanve concrete
"Flual" production
Blend additive in the cement industry
Raw meal consituent in the cement industry
Cement additive to delay setting
I solation walls
Construction gypsum
Ceramic industry
Road building and landscaping
Dam construction with the RCC (Roller Compacted Concrete) technique
Filler for bituminous surfacing, bonding layers and sub- base binders
Ground stabilisation, loose building materials for earth work and road
construction
Sound proofing
Landfill technology, waste treatment
Landfill
Hazardous substance immobilisation
Lining material for landfill bottom lining
Surface filter for landfill sealing
Sewage sludge conditioning
Base material for biological waste water cleaning
Filler for pipeline ditches
Stabilised ash cement mixture
Ditch filling
Other methods of utilisation
Reclamation material in mining
Zeolite production
Alpha- and beta- half hydrate production
Filling material in the paper industry
Production of anhydrite
"Muller- Kuhne- process"
Thermal recovery
Flue- gas desulphurisation
Fly ash Bottom ash
Wednesday, 12/12/2007, FYROM Prevention of Contamination from Mining & Metallurgical Industries in FYROM
Energy productionEnergy production
Waste waters
Wednesday, 12/12/2007, FYROM Prevention of Contamination from Mining & Metallurgical Industries in FYROM
Waste water treatmentWaste water treatment
1. Process Integrated Techniques – 1. Process Integrated Techniques – Reduced waste water dischargeReduced waste water discharge
2. End of pipe Techniques – 2. End of pipe Techniques – TreatmentTreatmentFlocculation Flocculation
NeutralizationNeutralization
Sedimentation Ammonia Sedimentation Ammonia reductionreduction
Recirculation FiltrationRecirculation Filtration
Ion exchange Oil removalIon exchange Oil removal
Re-design of Re-design of processprocess
Wednesday, 12/12/2007, FYROM Prevention of Contamination from Mining & Metallurgical Industries in FYROM
Treatment of oil Treatment of oil contaminated watercontaminated water
Oil contaminated waterGravity separation of free oil, Gravity separation of free oil,
Emulsion breaking, using emulsion breaking Emulsion breaking, using emulsion breaking chemicals, chemicals,
Removal of oil by skimming tanks or any other Removal of oil by skimming tanks or any other effective device,effective device,
Storage facilities for the skimmed oil and the Storage facilities for the skimmed oil and the sludge if the oil cannot be recycled sludge if the oil cannot be recycled immediately,immediately,
Waste oil to be used as fuel in cement kilns as Waste oil to be used as fuel in cement kilns as well as in other sectors (blast furnaces, well as in other sectors (blast furnaces, ceramic and brick kilns, lime kilns),ceramic and brick kilns, lime kilns),
Disposal in landfills is illegalDisposal in landfills is illegal