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Stourhead Stourhead Liesil Arredondo Liesil Arredondo Ana P S Beckner Ana P S Beckner Overview Pictures Overview Pictures Bibliography Bibliography Timeline Timeline Location Location Influences Influences History History Partis Partis Plan & Section Plan & Section Overview of history of England and Family Timeline Timeline
Citation preview
Stourhead Stourhead
Liesil Arredondo Liesil Arredondo Ana P S Beckner Ana P S Beckner
TimelineTimeline
LocationLocation
HistoryHistory
InfluencesInfluences
WalkthroughWalkthrough
Plan & SectionPlan & Section
PartisPartis
ComparisonsComparisons
Overview PicturesOverview Pictures
BibliographyBibliography
Stourhead Stourhead
Timeline Timeline
Overview of history of England and Family
Location Location
LondonStourheadStourheadStonehengeBath
Stourton, WiltshireStourton, Wiltshire
Altitude: 500 ftAltitude: 500 ft
Temperature: 38Temperature: 38° F° F
Average Winter Climate ModerateAverage Winter Climate Moderate
Distance: Distance:
110 miles southwest of London110 miles southwest of London
3 miles northwest of Mere3 miles northwest of Mere
History: 1740’s (18History: 1740’s (18thth century) century)
• England England a country where land, title, and power are very significant a country where land, title, and power are very significant
• Hoare Family Hoare Family originally goldsmiths in London and returned to banking in the 17 originally goldsmiths in London and returned to banking in the 17 thth century century
• US US Declaration of Independence (England loses control of its colony) Declaration of Independence (England loses control of its colony)
• Design Design Does not represent disillusionment with the politics at Stourhead but Does not represent disillusionment with the politics at Stourhead but a a confirmation of powerconfirmation of power to withstand disaster to withstand disaster
• English ideal English ideal to create a “contrive naturalism” (an idealized form of nature) to create a “contrive naturalism” (an idealized form of nature)
• Stourhead Stourhead “Henry Hoare’s paradise” “Henry Hoare’s paradise”
Human control of NatureHuman control of Nature
VersaillesVersailles StourheadStourhead NatureNature
Man-madeMan-made NaturalNaturalMan-made to look “natural”Man-made to look “natural”
Stourhead: 1741–1765Stourhead: 1741–1765
Designers Designers
• Henry Hoare IHenry Hoare I not a professional landscape not a professional landscape gardener; inspired by paintings & travel gardener; inspired by paintings & travel Designed: Grotto, Palladian bridge, 3 classical Designed: Grotto, Palladian bridge, 3 classical buildingsbuildings
• Henry FlitcroftHenry Flitcroft a professional designer a professional designer associated with William Kentassociated with William KentDesigned most classical buildings: Pantheon, Designed most classical buildings: Pantheon, Temples of Flora & ApolloTemples of Flora & Apollo
• Colin Campbell Colin Campbell designed the Palladian House designed the Palladian House
• Richard Hoare Richard Hoare Hoare’s grandson; added exotic Hoare’s grandson; added exotic planting to landscape planting to landscape
Memorial to Henry Hoare IMemorial to Henry Hoare I
Landscape with Apollo Guarding the Herds of Admetus Landscape with Apollo Guarding the Herds of Admetus
Influence: Claude LourrainInfluence: Claude Lourrain
Influence: Claude LourrainInfluence: Claude Lourrain
Apollo and the Muses on Mount Helion Apollo and the Muses on Mount Helion
Landscape with Aeneas at Delos Landscape with Aeneas at Delos
Influence: Claude LourrainInfluence: Claude Lourrain
Layout Layout
• Enclosed and inward lookingEnclosed and inward looking
• Hoare dammed a stream (Stour River) to Hoare dammed a stream (Stour River) to make one large lake and two small onesmake one large lake and two small ones
• Lake: central feature of garden; what ties Lake: central feature of garden; what ties the story togetherthe story together
• A poetic landscapeA poetic landscape
• Inspired by the Roman Campagna with Inspired by the Roman Campagna with allegorical allusions to the epic journey of allegorical allusions to the epic journey of AeneasAeneas
• A series of calculated views framed by the A series of calculated views framed by the green – visual alignment among buildingsgreen – visual alignment among buildings
•No strong axis or grid systemNo strong axis or grid system
• All grassy bank artificially created – All grassy bank artificially created – different heightsdifferent heights
Elements & Segments of the Garden Elements & Segments of the Garden
Manor House (Palladian)Manor House (Palladian)
Temple of Flora (Ceres)Temple of Flora (Ceres)
ObeliskObelisk
Wooden BridgeWooden Bridge
GrottoGrotto
Pantheon (Temple of Hercules) Pantheon (Temple of Hercules)
Iron BridgeIron Bridge
Temple of ApolloTemple of Apollo
Stone Bridge (Palladian)Stone Bridge (Palladian)
11
22
33
44
55
66
77
88
99
11
33
44
55
66
88
22
99
77
Theater of a Thousand ViewsTheater of a Thousand Views
11 Manor HouseManor House
By Colin Campbell - 1724By Colin Campbell - 1724
Theater of a Thousand ViewsTheater of a Thousand Views
11 Manor HouseManor House
Original View - PaintingOriginal View - Painting
View from the Front LawnView from the Front Lawn
Theater of a Thousand ViewsTheater of a Thousand Views
11 Manor HouseManor House
House well removedHouse well removed
from gardenfrom garden
Not the main featureNot the main feature
Theater of a Thousand ViewsTheater of a Thousand Views
22 Temple of FloraTemple of Flora
Flora: the goddess of flowersFlora: the goddess of flowers““Temple of Ceres”Temple of Ceres”
Contains busts after the Classical Greek;Contains busts after the Classical Greek;an urn representing Flora and her nymphsan urn representing Flora and her nymphs
Theater of a Thousand ViewsTheater of a Thousand Views
22 Temple of FloraTemple of Flora
Roman Temple at NimesRoman Temple at Nimes
Doric porticoDoric portico Temple of FloraTemple of Flora
Memorial to Henry Hoare’s Grandson – GriefMemorial to Henry Hoare’s Grandson – Grief
Theater of a Thousand ViewsTheater of a Thousand Views
33 ObeliskObelisk
Fir Walk to Obelisk Fir Walk to Obelisk
Light and Shade – vista to the Lake and the Pantheon are lostLight and Shade – vista to the Lake and the Pantheon are lost
The Narrative BeginsThe Narrative Begins
Theater of a Thousand ViewsTheater of a Thousand Views
33 ObeliskObelisk
PaintingPainting Elements of surpriseElements of surprise
Theater of a Thousand ViewsTheater of a Thousand Views
44 Wooden Bridge Wooden Bridge
Crossing into the underworld Crossing into the underworld
Reflection of water: extension into the earthReflection of water: extension into the earth
Ambiguity in determining the ground lineAmbiguity in determining the ground line
Circle: eternity; continuity of life & deathCircle: eternity; continuity of life & death
Comparison with Scarpa’s Brion CemeteryComparison with Scarpa’s Brion Cemetery
Theater of a Thousand ViewsTheater of a Thousand Views
44 Wooden Bridge Wooden Bridge
View from the Wooden Bridge towards Diana’s BasinView from the Wooden Bridge towards Diana’s Basin
Enclosed gardenEnclosed garden
IsolationIsolation
““Perfect world”Perfect world”
Theater of a Thousand ViewsTheater of a Thousand Views
55 GrottoGrotto
The UnderworldThe Underworld
Engaged to naturalistic topographyEngaged to naturalistic topographyDark but alive to sound of Dark but alive to sound of
water splashing from natural springs water splashing from natural springs
Theater of a Thousand ViewsTheater of a Thousand Views
River GodRiver God: the deity of the river Stour, : the deity of the river Stour, holding an urn from which the river flowsholding an urn from which the river flowsIt points to the direction of the Pantheon It points to the direction of the Pantheon
NymphNymph: sleeps above the the cascade,: sleeps above the the cascade,where the waters are gatheredwhere the waters are gathered
from the bank and flow out into the lakefrom the bank and flow out into the lake
View from the Grotto: village church & Palladian bridgeView from the Grotto: village church & Palladian bridge
Theater of a Thousand ViewsTheater of a Thousand Views
55 GrottoGrotto
Theater of a Thousand ViewsTheater of a Thousand Views
Watch CottageWatch Cottage
A transitional point from the Grotto to the PantheonA transitional point from the Grotto to the Pantheon
Visual shock:Visual shock:
no intermediateno intermediate
image to relate theimage to relate the
scale of the first viewscale of the first view
to the secondto the second
Theater of a Thousand ViewsTheater of a Thousand Views
66 PantheonPantheon
“ “Temple of Hercules”Temple of Hercules”
Façade: Portico with 4 Corinthian columnsFaçade: Portico with 4 Corinthian columnsNiches holding the figures of a Muse and Niches holding the figures of a Muse and DionysiosDionysios
Interior: Statue of HerculesInterior: Statue of Hercules & other Classical figures,& other Classical figures,such as such as FloraFlora, and , and CeresCeres
Theater of a Thousand ViewsTheater of a Thousand Views
StourheadStourheadRomeRome
4 Corinthian columns,4 Corinthian columns,with closed bays, screening a rotundawith closed bays, screening a rotunda
Theater of a Thousand ViewsTheater of a Thousand Views
Theater of a Thousand ViewsTheater of a Thousand Views
66 PantheonPantheon
View from the PantheonView from the Pantheon
Turning pointTurning point
Temple of Flora Temple of Flora seen in perspectiveseen in perspective
Height of view: going upHeight of view: going up
Theater of a Thousand ViewsTheater of a Thousand Views
77 Iron BridgeIron Bridge
PaintingPainting
Edge of LakeEdge of Lake
Right: another smallRight: another smalllake with a cascadelake with a cascade
Makes a short descentMakes a short descentbelow the water levelbelow the water level
Ascent to the King of ViewsAscent to the King of ViewsClimax of the NarrativeClimax of the Narrative
Theater of a Thousand ViewsTheater of a Thousand Views
88 Temple of ApolloTemple of Apollo
Apollo: sun-godApollo: sun-god
Sunshine: represented in theSunshine: represented in theform of entablature, whichform of entablature, which
imitates the sun’s raysimitates the sun’s rays
Theater of a Thousand ViewsTheater of a Thousand Views
Claude Lourrain’s PaintingClaude Lourrain’s PaintingStourheadStourhead
TodiTodiTemple of Venus at BaalbecTemple of Venus at Baalbec
Theater of a Thousand ViewsTheater of a Thousand Views
88 Temple of ApolloTemple of Apollo
The Highest PointThe Highest Point
All garden becomes apparentAll garden becomes apparent
Dedicated to WisdomDedicated to Wisdom
Only place we trace out the pathOnly place we trace out the path
Theater of a Thousand ViewsTheater of a Thousand Views
99 Palladian Bridge Palladian Bridge
Leaving the underworld Leaving the underworld Threshold between past and present; a symbol of transitionThreshold between past and present; a symbol of transition
Influence: Andrea PalladioInfluence: Andrea Palladio
Rialto Bridge - 1570Rialto Bridge - 1570
Stourhead - 1762Stourhead - 1762
Andrea Palladio’s design - never builtAndrea Palladio’s design - never builtPublished in the Quattro Libri dell’ArchitetturaPublished in the Quattro Libri dell’Architettura
Parti Parti
SymmetrySymmetryPast (Death) x Present (Life)Past (Death) x Present (Life)
Parti Parti
Entry SequenceEntry SequenceAlignmentAlignment
Parti Parti
TopographyTopography CirculationCirculation
Comparison: English Gardens Comparison: English Gardens
StourheadStourhead
100’100’ 500’500’
Chatsworth Chatsworth
2000’1000’500’
Comparison: Framed ViewsComparison: Framed Views
GamberaiaGamberaia StourheadStourhead
Comparison: RotationComparison: Rotation
GamberaiaGamberaia StourheadStourhead
Comparison: UTA Architecture Building Comparison: UTA Architecture Building
0’ 100’
500’500’
ConclusionConclusion
“ “ The relation of all the arts to one another, through the pictorial The relation of all the arts to one another, through the pictorial
appreciation of nature, was so close that poetry, painting, appreciation of nature, was so close that poetry, painting,
gardening, architecture and the art of travel may be said to have gardening, architecture and the art of travel may be said to have
been fused into the single ‘art of landscape’ ” been fused into the single ‘art of landscape’ ”
Hussey Hussey
ConclusionConclusion
““The genius of the 18th-century landscape garden designer was his The genius of the 18th-century landscape garden designer was his
ability to create subtle views every few paces, offering glimpses framed ability to create subtle views every few paces, offering glimpses framed
by trees, and a constant promise of something new around the corner. by trees, and a constant promise of something new around the corner.
The effect is not of walking through a garden, but of moving in and out The effect is not of walking through a garden, but of moving in and out
of a thousand vignettes.”of a thousand vignettes.”
Martin DavidsonMartin Davidson
Overview Overview
Overview Overview
Overview Overview
Overview Overview
Bibliography Bibliography
•Jellicoe, Geoffrey & Susan.1986. The Oxford Companion to Gardens. Oxford, UK. : Oxford University Press.•Tyack, Geoffrey & Brindle, Steven. 1994. Blue Guide Country Houses of England. London, UK. : A&C Black Publishers Limited.•Woodbridge, Kenneth. 1965. “Henry Hoare’s Paradise.” Art Bulletin, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. [83]-116. ( March 1965).•Pieper, Jan. 1995. “Palladiobrucken= Palladian Bridges.” Daidalos, no. 57, pp. 88-93. (September 1995).•Turner, James. 1979. “The Structure of Henry Hoare’s Stourhead.” Art Bulletin, vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 68-77. (March 1979).•Jarrett, David. 1978. The English Landscape Garden . New York, NY. : Rizzoli International Publications, Inc.•Taylor, Patrick. 1998. The Garden Lover’s Guide To Britain . New York, NY. : Princeton Architectural Press.
•http://www.tjhsst.edu/~dhyatt/trip/stourhead.shtml•http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stourhead•http://www.armin-grewe.com/holiday/wiltshire/stourhead-house.htm•http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/main/w-vh/w-visits/w-findaplace/w-stourhead.htm•http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Stourhead_Garden.html•http://www.gardenvisit.com/g/stour2.htm•http://www.faculty.de.gcsu.edu/~rviau/ids/Artworks/stourhead.html•http://www.pantheon.org/•http://www.uk-genealogy.org.uk/england/Wiltshire/towns/Stourhead.html•http://www.burrows.uk.com/photos/chas/stourhead2/•http://www.york.ac.uk/depts/arch/landscapes/ukpg/sites/stourhea.htm
BooksBooks
WebsitesWebsites
Bibliography Bibliography
Additional Photo Sources Additional Photo Sources
•http://www.armin-grewe.com/holiday/wiltshire/stourhead-garden.htm•http://brodick.smugmug.com/keyword/stourhead/1/26647861•http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.msualum.com/evecoll/oxford-03/photos/stourhead/stourhead03.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.msualum.com/evecoll/oxford-03/photos/stourhead/page_01.htm&h=559&w=863&sz=89&tbnid=XJlmW2-stSzjQM:&tbnh=93&tbnw=144&hl=en&start=1&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dstourhead%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D•http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.uk-genealogy.org.uk/england/Wiltshire/images/Stourhead002.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.uk-genealogy.org.uk/england/Wiltshire/towns/Stourhead.html&h=960&w=1280&sz=205&tbnid=bDZsMSxocKlfxM:&tbnh=112&tbnw=150&hl=en&start=4&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dstourhead%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D•http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.apl.ncl.ac.uk/coursework/IThompson/stourhead_panth.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.apl.ncl.ac.uk/coursework/IThompson/Informal_3.htm&h=271&w=400&sz=84&tbnid=P4kjTqMBdUDJhM:&tbnh=81&tbnw=120&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dstourhead%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D•http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.faculty.de.gcsu.edu/~rviau/ids/Artworks/Stourhead/stourhead.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.faculty.de.gcsu.edu/~rviau/ids/Artworks/stourhead.html&h=262&w=400&sz=85&tbnid=Ua0oe9FW9MtfSM:&tbnh=78&tbnw=120&hl=en&start=6&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dstourhead%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D•http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.calpoly.edu/~lndnstdy/photo_albums/photos/stourhead/Stourhead_Bridge.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.calpoly.edu/~lndnstdy/photo_albums/stourhead.html&h=361&w=482&sz=62&tbnid=7eVmCnNjZBuflM:&tbnh=94&tbnw=126&hl=en&start=7&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dstourhead%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D•http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.uwosh.edu/faculty_staff/shaffer/stourhead.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.uwosh.edu/faculty_staff/shaffer/18thc998.htm&h=231&w=200&sz=28&tbnid=LCnnJA5_i_ZNhM:&tbnh=103&tbnw=89&hl=en&start=8&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dstourhead%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D•http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/main/w-093456-stourhead-property_image&imgrefurl=http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/main/w-vh/w-visits/w-findaplace/w-stourhead.htm&h=206&w=379&sz=20&tbnid=M-gZHFS8dWIIKM:&tbnh=64&tbnw=119&hl=en&start=10&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dstourhead%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D