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K+S Group 0
Storage of toxic waste in salt rock formations
- The definitive solution
K + S Entsorgung GmbH - a K+S Group Company
Dr. Roland Liesenberg, K+S Entsorgung GmbH
Dr. Andreas Krüger, GEKA Munster
Dipl.Ing. Ing.chem. Alfred Krippendorf, Hazard Control GmbH
K+S Group
The K+S Group | Facts and Figures
1
K+S Entsorgung GmbH
Storage of waste from CW demilitarization operations requires special analytical
and technical knowledge. In order to cover this a cooperation between the
following companies has been established:
Hazard Control GmbH
- Analytical examination of waste for CWA and highly toxic compounds
- Outgassing tests to identify gas phase concentrations of toxic compounds
- Development and testing of methods for waste inerting, immobilization and
stabilization
GEKA mbH
- Treatment and preparation of toxic waste to fulfill the storage criteria
K+S Entsorgung GmbH
- Final waste underground storage
K+S Group
The K+S Group | Facts and Figures
2
K+S Entsorgung GmbH
A world-wide leader in the sectors of:
● Special and standard fertilisers
● Salt products
● Approx. 14,300 employees
● Revenue 2015: 4.17 billion €
Sites in
more than 20 countries
K+S Group
The K+S Group | Corporate Structure
3
K+S Entsorgung GmbH
K+S Group
Potash and Magnesium
Products Business Segment
Salt Business Segment
Complementary Activities
- K+S Transport
- CFK (Trading)
- Animal Hygiene
Products
Waste Management
&
Recycling
K+S Group
The Company | Profile
4
K+S Entsorgung GmbH
European leader in
underground disposal
● A K+S Group business segment since 1991
● Disposal activities are centrally managed from
Kassel
● Internationally active, with representatives in
eight countries
● Pioneer of underground waste disposal;
first facility worldwide: Herfa-Neurode (1972)
Second facility: Zielitz (1995)
● Revenue 2015: 87.9 m. €
K+S Group
The company | Areas of Activity
5
K+S Entsorgung GmbH
Underground disposalSolution for highly contaminated materials
Long-term removal from the biosphere
Underground
recovery
Solution for less contaminated materials
Utilisation of the material properties by:
• Stacking backfill
• High-consistency slurry backfill
• Tipping backfill
Building material
recycling
Recycling of construction materials
Utilisation as cover material for greening a potash
tailings pile
Secondary aluminium
System solutions
• Distribution of salt fluxes
• Recycling of salt slag
• Raw materials recovery
• Disposal of filter dusts
K+S Group
The company | Areas of Activity
6
K+S Entsorgung GmbH
1 Underground waste disposal plant Zielitz
2 Underground waste disposal plant Herfa-
Neurode
3 Underground recovery facility Zielitz
4 Underground recovery facility Bernburg
5 Underground recovery facility Wintershall
6 Underground recovery facility Hattorf
7 Underground recovery facility
Unterbreizbach
8 Aluminium salt slag recycling
Sigmundshall
9 Building material recycling Sehnde
K+S Group
Solutions | Underground Waste Disposal
7
K+S Entsorgung GmbH
Advantages of our solution
● Disposal at own facilities
● Largest number of facilities on the market
● Largest range of procedures
● Ideal conditions for long-term safe disposal
of wastes
● Wide range of toxic compounds accepted
●No limitations in concentration of toxic compounds
Basic principle: Safety
K+S Group
Zielitz | Disposal Methods
8
K+S Entsorgung GmbH
Underground recovery (UTV)
Zielitz
Underground disposal (UTD)
• Beginning of operation 1995
• Solution for highly contaminated
materials
• Objective: Long-term removal from
the biosphere
• Capacity: 30,000 t/a
• Beginning of operation 2008
• Solution for less contaminated
materials
• Objective: Utilisation of the
material properties
• Capacity: 60,000 t/a
K+S Group
Zielitz | Disposal Methods
9
K+S Entsorgung GmbH
Zielitz
Calvörde
Gardelegen
Stendal
Upper Permian
S
Storage
Magdeburg
Wolmirstedt
NNatural barriersClay (watertight) 300 mBunt stone 500 mSalt (gastight) 300m
K+S Group
UTD | Multi-Barrier-System
10
K+S Entsorgung GmbH
Maintenance-free
longterm-safety
Natural barriers
● Salt (gastight) 300 m
● Clay (watertight) 100 m
● Bunter stone 500 m
Artificial barriers
● Waste packaging
● Brick walls
● Field dams
● Watertight sealing of the shafts
K+S Group
UTD | Prerequisites
11
K+S Entsorgung GmbH
● Disused, excavated area of the mine
● Remote from extraction area with possibility to be sealed off
● Galleries remain open and have no backfill obligation
● Galleries have to be stable and must remain accessible even after a longer time
● Mine has to be dry and free of water
● Storage area has to be sealed off from biosphere by geological barriers
● Maintenance-free Safest solution for the
disposal of hazardous
waste
K+S Group
UTD | Examples of Waste Types
12
K+S Entsorgung GmbH
● arsenic-containing wastes
● mercury-containing wastes
● contaminated construction and demolition waste (e.g. heavy metal, dioxin, mercury, PCB)
● hardening salt residues
● cyanide-containing wastes
● filter dusts
Long-term-safety for highly
contaminated waste
K+S Group
UTD | Acceptance Criteria
13
K+S Entsorgung GmbH
Not acceptable for underground disposal are wastes that are e.g.:
● radioactive
● liquid
● infectious
● causing odour nuisance
● biodegradable
● increasing the volume / overpressure inside barrels
● releasing gases (toxic, self-ignitable, explosive)
● explosive, highly or easily flammable
● insufficient stability to geomechanical conditions
● CWA (schedule 1 chemicals > 0.1%)
Wastes need to have
certain properties
K+S Group
UTD Process | Acceptance Control
14
K+S Entsorgung GmbH
Kontrolle
Schacht
Strecke
Einlagerung
K+S Group
Kontrolle
Schacht
Strecke
Einlagerung
UTD Process | Loading Containers
15
K+S Entsorgung GmbH
K+S Group
UTD Process | Underground Transport
16
K+S Entsorgung GmbH
K+S Group
UTD Process | Storage Chambers
17
K+S Entsorgung GmbH
K+S Group
Disposal in Zielitz | Advantages
18
K+S Entsorgung GmbH
● Sophisticated safety systems
● Traceability of all deposits due to
comprehensive documentation
● Reference samples of all wastes
● Retrievability of the disposable wastes for raw
materials extraction
● Extensive capacities for short-term acceptance
of large volumes
Reference samples of all
wastes are stored
underground
K+S Group 19
K+S Entsorgung GmbH
Finalized CWM-related projects:
Project: Former WWII CWA production “ERGETHAN”, Staßfurt-Löderberg
Objective: Disposal of approximately 380 tons of conditioned sludges and soils containing
organic arsenic compounds (Clark I, Triphenylarsine, Phenylarsene oxide, etc.)
Period: November 2002, September 2003, January 2004
Project: Storage site Holzweißig
Objective: Disposal of 3,173 tons of a conditioned mixture of red phosphorus and
arsenic
Period: March 2004 – May 2004
Project: Former WWII air force CW army ammunitions depot Dessau-Kapen near Oranienbaum
Objective: Disposal of 792 t of conditioned sludge/construction and demolitions wastes containing organic arsenic
compounds (Clark I, Clark II, Bis-(diphenylarsenic)oxide, etc.)
Period: December 2004 – January 2005
K+S Group
Disposal in Zielitz | Projects
20
K+S Entsorgung GmbH
K+S Group 21
K+S Entsorgung GmbH
Project: Former CW munitions destruction site Gerwisch near Magdeburg
Objective: Disposal of 236 t of conditioned construction and demolitions waste/soil containing
organic arsenicals
compounds (Clark I, Clark II, S-Mustard, etc.)
Period: March 2005 – November 2005
Project: Storage of residues from the destruction operations of ACWs
from the German state company GEKA
Objective: Storage of approximately 1,000 tons per year residues like arsenic-containing wastes,
residues from waste-water treatment, dust, linings and refractories (fireclay brickworks)
from high temperature incineration, dust, slag, scrap from the treatment of ammunition
Period: Beginning in 2016
K+S Group 22
K+S Entsorgung GmbH
Summary
K+S Group 23
K+S Entsorgung GmbH
Summary
Underground storage of toxic waste from CW demilitarization operations
offers a safe and environmentally friendly end-of-pipe solution.
Storage in underground salt mines guarantees a long-time and safe
keeping of toxic materials.
Mainly, the content and percentage of toxic compounds in waste is not a
limiting factor for acceptance, as long as the waste meets the general
acceptance criteria.
K+S Group 24
K+S Entsorgung GmbH
T h a n k y o u f o r y o u r a t t e n t i o n !