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Fibre Channel Used in Storage Area Networks (SAN) Enterprise datacenter environments In SMB – primarily with packaged solution “SAN in a Box” Direct connection from servers to storage systems Used in storage systems for drive connections Storage connection
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STORAGE ARCHITECTURE/
MASTER): Where IP and FC Storage
Fit in Your Enterprise
Randy KernsSenior PartnerThe Evaluator Group
Storage Connection• Fibre Channel• IP
NAS iSCSI
PlanningUsage
Agenda
Fibre Channel• Used in Storage Area Networks (SAN)
Enterprise datacenter environments In SMB – primarily with packaged solution
“SAN in a Box”• Direct connection from servers to storage
systems• Used in storage systems for drive connections
Storage connection
Targeted at block-level I/O for high performance
Heterogeneous storage and server attachment
Nearly unlimited scaling of storage• capacity• performance (bandwidth)
Centralized administrationShared resources – pooling of devicesEnterprise class capabilities – RAS,
capacity planning, business continuity
Fibre channel
Fibre channel (2)
Local Area Network
Servers
JBOD
SAN
Clients
Disk array ATL
Network Attached Storage (NAS)• Special purpose device to provide remote file system
to other servers on the network• Usually a kernel or thin server that supports NFS,
CIFS, HTTP and FTP some implement standard server and call it NAS single purpose devices are called appliances
• Utilizes IP for connection protocol and UDP or TCP
Storage connection
Simplicity – easy to install and administer
High Availability – many NAS devices are fault tolerant and support internal failover
Scalability – most NAS devices can scale in capacity and performance up to a point (upper limit)
Connectivity – utilizes standard network infrastructures (typically Ethernet) and supports multiple connections
NAS
NAS (2)Access – done with NFS and CIFS
Data Sharing – a basic function of NAS for files
Cost – significant competition has driven costs down. Many offerings from wide range of vendors
Backup – beginning to see backup over SANs, but many have integrated backup devices to avoid LAN usage
NAS (3)
Disk array
Workstation Workstation Tower boxHost
LAN
Server
Storage
I/O Requests forfor File I/O using
NFS, CIFS
Server owns storagedevice and does block
level I/O
NAS
0/0
30% 30%
20% 20%
1 2 3 4
Do you have NAS installed in:
1. Departments in larger companies
2. Enterprise Data Center
3. Small to mid-size business
4. None
iSCSI – Internet SCSI• Use of SCSI commands over IP• Target is to provide block I/O using Ethernet infrastructure• No mechanism in Ethernet/IP to allow for command-response
structure of SCSI SCSI is block oriented storage interface Both an interface and a protocol
• Ethernet / IP has network characteristics No flow control – drops packets on congestion Packet size is limited – get smaller as contention increases iSCSI attempts to work within these constraints
Storage connection
iSCSI mapping over IP Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical Type of communication medium (copper, fibre, RF),signal modulation, bit encoding
Data transfer across medium including error checking,forwarding and retransmission requests. Example isEthernet.
Routing of data packets between systems withintermediate systems. Usual protocol implement for thisis IP (Internet Protocol).
Responsible for end-to-end delivery utilizing two services:connection oriented (TCP) and connectionless (UDP).
Abstraction of network for access by application. Theapplication will do a read or write operation either to adevice or a file.
Data transformation occurs to present in a uniformmanner. This is implemented with the application layer.
iSCSI is established as an application session to mapSCSI on top of TCP
Open Systems Interconnect Model
IP
TCP
iSCSI
iSCSIHeader
TCPHeader
IPHeader
EthernetHeader
DataUp to 1,450 Bytes CRC
Delivery of iSCSI Protocol Data Unit (PDU) to contain state and control information for SCSI
Reliable transport software information for delivery and ordering.
Internet Protocol for routing through a network
Physical network interface and control for Ethernet
iSCSI – Encapsulation
iSCSI – Encapsulation mapping
SCSI Comand Descriptor Block and Data
Header Data
iSCSI PDU
Header Data
iSCSI PDU
Header Data
iSCSI PDU
IP Packet IP Packet IP Packet IP Packet IP Packet
No NaturalAlignment forEncapsulation
iSCSI usage
RemoteSite
Network
10/100Gig-E
Sonet/SDHATM
EthernetSwitch
Servers
StorageSystem
IP SAN Using iSCSI
Ethernet
iSCSI usage (2)
FibreChannelFabric
Servers
StorageSystems
FC to IP Routers
iSCSI Connection for Stranded Servers
Stranded Servers
0/0
40%
30% 30%
1 2 3
If you plan on using iSCSI, will it be for:
1. An IP SAN
2. Connect stranded servers
3. Both
PlanningUnderstand requirements• Look at performance, security, cost, availability• Understand administrative issues and needs• Look at needs in the future
Decide which solutions fit the requirements• Technology characteristics • Consider the economics
Administrative costs Expansion costs Device / infrastructure costs
UsageEnterprise DataCenter market• Majority of companies have deployed FC SANs
> 80% in some form > Half of storage in storage network
• Most have single switch/director vendor for specific SAN Want to manage only one type
• Many have only one storage vendor per SAN Because that’s the way salesmen sold it
• NAS Gateways are seeing deployments Major vendors offering gateways New challenge for storage administrators Establishes presence for NAS in Enterprise
Datacenters
• Customer focus is now on storage management
Usage (2)Small to mid-size business• FC SAN is usually packaged “SAN in a box” solution
No storage professionals to implement or manage a SAN Percentage-wise, a small amount of deployment
• IP SANs are early in deployment Typically in very cost-sensitive environments Still storage administration to do
• NAS is very successful in SMB market Also departmental and workgroup Fits well with requirements
• Market open for many types of solutions Large and growing market with varying requirements
SummaryChoose wisely• Performance requirement – FC• Minimal administration and file I/O – choose NAS• Connect stranded server cheaply – iSCSI• Block I/O with minimal cost and not a high
performance requirement – iSCSI or packaged FC solution