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Stop the Stigma: Audience-Specific
Gatekeeper Training for Suicide
Prevention in Higher Education
Presented by: Carrie Sollin, MA, LMHC
Molloy College EdD Student/ Private Practice
Depression as a Critical
Public Health Concern Suicide is the 2nd leading cause of death
among college students ages 18-24 resulting
in over 2,000 student deaths per year.
Mental Health and Academic Connection
Mental health on the rise pours over into the academic arena.
Duty of care – Everyone is involved in caring for our at-risk students.
Goal of suicide prevention training is creating a culturally competent environmentthat is based on the values, needs, and strengths of the groups you are trying to reach.
Creation of a caring environment that holds students emotional needs as a critical piece to students academic success.
Gatekeeper Training Programs are identified as the most effective
preventive strategy to detect and assist students when it comes to
suicide prevention.
Effective prevention strategies are critical in a college setting to promote awareness of suicide and encourage a commitment to social change.
What is a Gatekeeper?
• Gatekeepers in a college setting are members of a community that are trained
to identify and respond to the mental health needs of the students and have
frequent contact with at-risk groups.
• College gatekeepers: Administration, Faculty, Coaches, RA’s, Chaplains, and
other students
Knowledge of suicide warning
signs and symptoms
Skills - What to say…What not to
say – active listening skills
Self-efficacy – confidence to
approach at-risk students
Campus resources – on and off
Goals of Gatekeeper Trainings
At-Risk StudentsTargeted Populations at High Risk for Depression
• Students with history of mental illness
• 1st Year Freshman
• Resident Students
• Greek Life
• Athletes
• Students of Color
• Students with Disabilities
• Transfer Students
• Veterans
• LGBTQIA
• Graduate and Doctoral Level Students
What gets in our way
Stigma
• Judged, burdened others with their issues, or feared consequences like being sent to the hospital.
• Promotion of a campus climate that promotes emotional well-being and connectedness creating a sense of community.
(Eisenberg, Hunt, & Speer, 2012)
Self-Efficacy
• Perceived control of one’s behavior in a given situation
• When self-efficacy is high = one will feel confident in their abilities
• Directly linked to the ability to transfer skills learned over time.
(Cross et al., 2007; Cross et al., 2010; Lamis et al., 2016)
Types of Gatekeeper Trainings
• http://www.sprc.org/sites/default/files/migrate/library/SPRC_Gatekeeper
_matrix_Jul2013update.pdf
Keys to Success
Past Research has Highlighted…
Small-group in-person training (Cross et al., 2007)
Audience-specific groups (Cimini et al., 2013; Pasco et al., 2012; House et al., 2013)
Behavioral rehearsal through role-play (House et al., 2013; Cross et al., 2007)
Best practice is a combination of different gatekeeper training techniques
How to get started on my campus…
1. Set up a Mental Health Task Force Team (admin, faculty, staff, students)
2. Needs Assessment Survey
3. Developing a Crisis Response Protocol for emergencies related to suicide (written and distributed)
4. Audience-Specific Groups
5. Delivery Plan
6. Implementation
7. Sustainability
STEP 1:
Task Force Team
Mental Health Task Force should consist of
a diverse group of administrators, staff,
faculty, and students.
Representation from your targeted audience should be
present during the implementation, delivery, and
evaluation process.
a. Student Affairs
b. Counseling Center
c. Disability/Accessibility Services
d. Public Safety
e. Residence Life
f. Clinical and Non-Clinical Faculty
g. Student Leaders
STEP 2:
Needs Assessment
There is no on-size-fits all approach so its crucial to conduct an assessment of
campus-specific needs
1. Survey / Questionnaire
2. Focus Groups
3. Counseling Center and Campus CleryStatistics
4. School demographics- (Student body demographics, mental health requests, campus mission and values, and attitudes towards mental health issues)
STEP 3:
Suicide Emergency
Protocol
Strengthening the campus infrastructure by
developing protocols that will be followed
after the training.
Development and Distribution:
1. Emergency Protocol – Handbook
2. Emergency Wallet Cards
3. Posters
4. Webpages / Social Media
STEP 4:
Audience-Specific
Training Groups
Develop a layout of the targeted on-
campus groups to be trained.
1. Mental Health Task Force
2. Student Affairs and Resident Life
3. Athletics
4. Health Services, Disability Services, Campus
Ministries
5. Student Leaders – RA’s, GA’s, Team
Captains, Student Government or Clubs
6. Faculty
STEP 5:
Delivery Plan
WHO…WHAT...WHERE…
WHEN…HOW
1. Selection of Training Type
http://www.sprc.org/sites/default/files/migrate/library/SPRC_Gatekeeper_matrix_Jul2013update.pdf
Popular: QPR, Campus CONNECT, ASSIST, safeTALK, At-Risk, Kognito Campus, Mental Health First Aid
YOU CAN DEVELOP YOUR OWN
2. Goal Setting – Time-Specific
3. Kick Off Event– Opening presentation, wellness event, press release, school or local newspaper (Send Silence Packing by Active Minds)
STEP 6
IMPLEMENTATION OF
TRAINING SERIES
Advertise training series on campus
1. Show off prevention program series
name
2. Posters/brochures of statistics and
resources
3. Hotline numbers and on/off campus
supports
1-2 years is ideal (2-3 each semester)
1.Requested Gatekeepers
2.Open to community
STEP 7:
SUSTAINIBILITY
Gatekeeper Trainings is only 1 element of a comprehensive public health approach to suicide
prevention.
• Program Evaluation (Pre/Post Tests; Satisfaction Surveys)
• Counseling Center or Task Force Train- the-Trainer
• By-Stander Training with Students
• Speakers
• Wellness events (Meditation Tent, Yoga Corner, Support Animals on Campus, Massage Therapy)
• ActiveMinds – Nonprofit organization that addresses mental health issues with college students. Send Silence Packing
Barriers of Gatekeeper Trainings
Cost
Apply for Grants
Garrett Lee Smith Campus Suicide Prevention Grant (GLS) – SAMHSA
Partnerships / Collaboration
1. Network within the college (departments, student clubs, academics)
2. Network outside the college
a. Crisis Centers
b. Emergency Hotlines
c. Plan training with other nearby colleges
Time
Day and evening trainings
Time of year
Length of training
Make trainings optional
Lunch and Learns
CE credits / Certificate of Attendance
My Future Study
Research Problem: The purpose of this mixed method single case study is to
conduct a Suicide Prevention Gatekeeper Training Program for non-clinical full-
time faculty at a local college/university.
Data Collection:
1. Pre/post training questionnaires (knowledge of suicide, self-efficacy and
confidence, and referral knowledge)
2. Refresher Course (online)
3. 3-month interview consisting of both quantitative and qualitative
data
Training Example
Groups of 15 – 25 audience-specific
1 ½ hour – 2 hour in-person training consisting of:
1. 25 minutes of powerpoint statistics, warning signs and symptoms, suicide verse self-harm
2. 25 minutes suicide emergency protocol- campus-specific ( Counseling Center and Public Safety present)
3. 30 minutes of behavioral rehearsal through role-play (audience-specific)
4. 10 min Q&A / Resources
Our Goal…
To assist in the development of a more interconnected community where care,
compassion, and collaboration for the emotional well-being of its students is
of importance.
Start the conversation….create an open dialogue.
Resources
Suicide Prevention Resource Center (SPRC)- www.sprc.org
RAND Manual -www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR1000/RR1002/RAND_RR1002.pdf
Wallack, C., Servaty-Seib, H. L., & Taub, D. J. (2013). Gatekeeper Training in Campus Suicide Prevention. New Directions For Student Services, 2013(141), 27-41. doi:10.1002/ss.20038
American Association of Suicidology - suicidology.org
JED Foundation - jedfoundation.org
Molloy Crisis Manual -https://www.molloy.edu/Documents/molloy_crisis_response_protocol_Final_2017.pdf
Carrie Sollin, MA, LMHC
#516-996-1229
