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Stock Market Opening Bell
Effects of the War
What Doesn’t Belong
• Teller Amendment• Moral Diplomacy• Treaty of Paris
1898
• Mahan’s Sea Power Theory
• Treaty of Paris• Dollar Diplomacy
• Roosevelt Corollary
• Moral Diplomacy• Sussex Pledge
Thesis question:Compare and contrast the foreign policies of Theodore Roosevelt andWoodrow Wilson.
Treaty of Versailles
• Peace at Paris.-Big Four• Rejected 14 points• Germany believed they were stabbed in the back• Wilson wanted League of Nations, willing to trade• US rejects treaty-did not like obligations of League
• Irreconcilables- No Treaty• Lodge Reservations- Wanted some parts of
treaty changed (Monroe Doctrine guaranteed)
Society and economy in the postwar years
• Red Scare-Mass arrest and deportation of suspected communist
• Soldiers returned home to higher prices, less rights
• Strikes-public saw them tied to Bolshevism, immigrants
• Palmer Raids- Anti-Communist arrest• Red Summer-Summer of mass arrest,
deportations, violence
African Americans
• Great Migration, Race Riots• Marcus Garvey-UNIA-Back to Africa
movement, Black Racial Pride
• Reemergence of the KKK-Extreme Nativist, spread to Midwest
• Immigration Act and National Origins Act (1920s)
• Sacco Vanzetti Case-Displays anti-immigrant sentiment
• Immigration severely limited (Quotas)
The New Era:
• 1920s Republican Politics: • Harding, Coolidge, Hoover
• Harding-Relies on friends to run country-Ohio Gang
• Teapot Dome Scandal-illegal leasing of naval oil reserves
• Sells Veterans hospitals• Trickle Down Economics, lower taxes for
wealthy, higher tariffs• Isolationist, refuses to join League of
Nations
Coolidge
• Election of 1924-Coolidge wins, continues Harding's policies
• Refuses to help after Mississippi Flood
• Election of 1928-Hoover defeats Smith
• First Catholic ever to be nominated-lots of attacks
The Business of America and the Consumer Economy
• America develops a mass consumption economy, economic boom
• Buy now, pay later philosophy
• Chain stores, Advertising, Sports became a big business
• Radio-Broadcasting companies (NBC, CBS)
Scientific management-Frederick Taylor-Mass production
• Put in place by Henry Ford (Model T)• Paid his workers more-potential
customers• Welfare Capitalism-If workers were
taken care of, then less strikes• Automobile industry replaces steel as
main industry• Petroleum industry explodes• Development of national highways
Changing Culture
• Harlem Renaissance-African American Cultural movement
• Lost Generation- American literary movement describing life after the war (Fitzgerald, Hemingway, Lewis, Faulkner, Eliot).
• ''flaming youth", Jazz Age-Sexual repression=societies problems
• Flapper styles, female independence, equality• Margaret Sanger American Birth Control League• Liberalization of divorce laws
Response to Modernism
• Billy Sunday-National evangelical radio show-conservative values
• Scopes Trial-Laws banned the teaching of evolution
• Challenged in court, begins fundamentalism v. science debate.
• 18th Amendment-Rise of bootlegging, organized crime, speakeasies
The Great Depression
• Causes of the Great Depression• Purchasing stocks on Margin
• Black Tuesday-Stocks crashed from over speculation
• Banks owned much of the stock, began to collapse
• Creates a lack of credit
• Businesses begin to fail, unemployment reached 25%
• Hoover Felt market would correct itself, international problems
Hoover
• Did little to help those in need-Rugged Individualism
• Hoovervilles-Homeless communities• High tariff, balance budget
• Bonus Army-Unemployed veterans marched to Washington DC
• Hoover rejects, burns down their camp
Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal• Election of 1832 Roosevelt promises a 'new
deal for America'.• 20th Amendment shortens lame-duck period
(Hoover's actions)
• Repeals Prohibition 21st Amendment• Creates Brain Trust-experts to run
government• Frances Perkins-First female cabinet member• Black Cabinet-Appoints African Americans as
advisors• Eleanor Roosevelt-Most active First Lady