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What is a career?

Define Work

List types of workPaidUnpaidVolunteerHouseworkSchool work

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Define Job

Tasks done on a daily basisEveryday that you do to make up your day/life/career

Define Career

The sum total of all your experiencesLearning, life roles and work you undertake throughout your lifeConsolidates jobs you do and will do in the future into a plan or pathwayList types of work

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What is career development?

Refers to the choices a person makes in relation to their career

These choices relate to

•Level of education

•Level at which they join the workforce

•The amount and type of training undertaken as they progress in their career

Career development involves modifying and refining career direction in order to achieve personal satisfaction, maintain motivation and acquire maturity in a career

It is also taking risks and making choices along the way

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Theories of career development

Ginsberg. S.W

One of the earliest thinkers on how students chose their career pathways He undertook studies of student selections and came up with three distinct stages

•Fantasy•Tentative•Realistic

See diagram next slide (p44 manual)

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Theories of career developmentDonald Super

A contributor to the theories behind why people choose careers

He came up with five major stages

His studies show that a person will go through these steps each time they make career changes

Some careers are planned and others are develop as people change situations

Super’s stages depict a traditional view of how people have changed careers over time

Some evidence suggest that today people follow this method with each new task they undergo

While others seek more formal ways through further study

See next slide (p45 manual)

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Two views of career development

Today vs. Traditional

Two views of career development have changed enormously over the past 30 years.

The table on the next slide summarises these difference

(next slide p 45 manual)

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Life long learning

Education is at the heart of both personal and community development; its mission is to enable us, without exception, to develop all our talents to the full.

Learning has always been fundamental to the life of the individuals, community and cultures

It is in part what makes us human and contributes significantly to quality of life

There is a growing national and international trend that suggests formulating a love of learning in a countries people will be the key to prosperity

(next slide p47 manual)

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FORCES FOR CHANGE

Some key forces are putting life long learning on the national and international stages

Jobs are changing

Traditional jobs are disappearing to new technologies

Flatter business structures, place emphasis on team work and multi skilling

Therefore further training is required

There are more jobs in the service sector

The Australian economy is becoming knowledge based

Today’s workers require different literacy skills and greater communication skills

There is a need for workers not only to KNOW there job but also be able to INTERPRET its function

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Work arrangements are changing

Rising part time and casual work

Greater outsourcing of work and hired specialists

Self employment is growing

Individuals are managing work portfolios

Workers need to learn business and negotiating skills

Continued need for further education is needed to be successful

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The economy is changing

The electronic economy is expanding rapidly no one knows what jobs will be like in the future

The money economy has gone global

Australian industries are competing in a global market

Intense international competition and sophisticated consumer expectation

To prosper in Australia Australians must produce goods and services that are outstanding by world standards

Australian economic survival depends on an educated work force

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Growing focus on social cohesion and civil society

Rising poverty on a global scale

Inequality between different parts of the world and between social groups

Learning promotes understanding, tolerance, compassion, and in effect equality

Learning allows workers to be prepared for change

Education promotes cohesion between social and economic relations

Education enhances opportunities, allowing everyone to participate in the changing Australian culture

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Australia’s record so far

Businesses are investing billions of dollars in vocational education and training to promote a culture of educated people

Improvements to the education sector

•Amount of training has expanded

•Training has been work orientated

•Trainers and workers are more responsible for their learning and seek training to enhance their work requirements

•Education and training is now available to women, Indigenous Australians, disabled people, Non English speaking persons, residents of rural and remote communities and other disadvantaged groups

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Australia’s record so far (cont)

95% of workers are undergoing vocational training

However 52% of the work force has not achieved a post secondary qualificationTAFEDegreeDiplomaOr other further educational certificate

Australia is ranked 15th among 22 countries that place a high value on vocational education for economic growth (OECD)

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Australia’s record so far (cont)

People without secondary education are on average

•More likely to be unemployed

•Less able to change jobs, or to be promoted

•More likely to be retrenched

•Worse paid

•Less likely to do more training

Rapid and widespread social and economic change means that more people must engage in life long learning throughout their careers

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CAREER PATHWAYS

The changing nature of society means that the notion of career has also changed

People change jobs and career pathways more frequently

It is expected that people entering the wok force (this means you) will have 3-4 career changes in their lives

30 years ago people may have only had i-2 pathways in their life time

Vocational education has opened up many opportunities for people to change or get promotions

Education in this form has created stability and commitment for workers and employees alike

A successful company expands its staff knowledge as it expands its company

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CAREER MYTHS AND REALITIES

The following table identifies the changes of the work place from traditional views to the realities of working today

However many people still believe the traditional values still exist

(Next slide pp 50 and 51 manual)

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