StiititEltiPEiiSome activities at Electric Power

S ti iti t El t i P E i iSome activities at Electric Power Engineering, Chalmers, Göteborg, g

AC network for wind turbine grids and SWPTCAC-network for wind turbine grids and SWPTC

Ola Carlson

Chalmers – Electric Power Engineering LTH, December 17, 2013 1 (26)

Clean electricity for clean environmentClean electricity for clean environment

Staff:13 senior researchers, 3 technicians & adminstrators, 25 Ph.D students

Power systems and power electronics

Electrical vehicle and transportation systems

Electrical machines and drives

Renewable energy and grid integration

Study sustainable power systems consisting HVDC transmission and smart-grid based distribution for higher efficiency and flexibility

Strive for electrification of transport systems by providing innovative and cost-effective concepts, convincing demonstration, and verified knowledge

Develop high-efficiency and high-performance drive solutions to maximize energy saving and material utilization

All-in-One drive train (deep

Explore technologies for renewable energy generation and integration, including wind, solar, and ocean for zero-emission and stable power supply

Power systems (analysis, market, dynamics, stability, operation, voltage and frequency control)

Power electronics in power systems (HVDC converter, AC& DC

On-board electric drivelines (motor, converter, and control)

Battery (charging/discharging optimization, lifetime analysis, and integration)

( pintegration of converter, motor, and mechanical parts for compact design)

High efficiency machine (design, modeling analysis prototyping

Wind turbine drive-train (generator, converter, transformer, and whole drive-train design)

Wind power integration (connection, stability, integration)(HVDC converter, AC& DC

transmission, and FACTS) DC network (DC/DC converter, DC

grid, and DC distribution) Smart-grid and distribution

( ffi i t MV t EV i

integration) Electrical system operation and

control on electric vehicles (HEV, EV, and PHEV)

Charging (on-board devices, h i & d i i t ti ff

modeling, analysis, prototyping, and measurement)

Converter and control (SiC, multi-level, and new topologies)

Advanced testing (efficiency, i d i i )

(connection, stability, integration) Renewable energy systems (ocean,

tidal, solar, generators, converters, and grid integration)

Energy storage (batteries, fl h l t i t ti


(efficient MV system, EV in distribution, and demand-side management)

charging & drive integration, off-road wireless charging)

noise, and environment impacts) flywheel, storage integration, short-term storage for power stability)

Maximizing the integration of wind power in g g pdistribution systems (Lic Nov-13)

Shemsedin NurseboChalmers University of TechnologyChalmers University of TechnologyDepartment of energy and environment

Division of electrical power enegineering

Supervisors: Ola Carlson, Peiyuan Chen

Examiner: Ola CarlsonExaminer: Ola Carlson

Licentiate seminar

Financed by Chalmers Energy initiative

(CEI)


Wind farm owner (WFO)

Problem backgroundMain grid P,Q

Distribution system operator (DSO)

Wind farm owner (WFO)

Load LoadZ

How much

wind power?

Limiting factorsVoltage rise• Voltage rise

• Overloading• FlickerFlicker• Harmonics• Increase in fault level• Does wind power also cause

an increase in frequency of tap changes (FTC)?


changes (FTC)?

The effect of wind power on frequency of tapThe effect of wind power on frequency of tap changes (FTC)

• Tap changer failure relates to the number of tap changes

• The main cause of transformer f il i f lt t hfailure is a faulty tap changer



Operation:Ope at o• Set point voltage

at substation busbar = 10 7kVat substation busbar = 10.7kV

• Deadband=±1.2%


The effect of wind power on frequency of tapThe effect of wind power on frequency of tapchanges (FTC)

10

12

Wind powerLoad(active power)Load (reactive power)

6

8

MW

,MV

ar)

( p )

Installed capacity of wind power: 12 225MW

2

4P

ower

(M12.225MW

Operating with unity power factor

0 2000 4000 6000 8000-2

0

Time (hours)

p g y p


Time (hours)


100120140

chan

ges

20406080

mbe

r of

tap

020

Num

timetimeLoad only (585 changes) Load + Wind power (505 changes)

However further analysis shows wind power does not always decrease the FTC

during one year


However further analysis shows wind power does not always decrease the FTC

Mitigation of increase in FTC using reactiveMitigation of increase in FTC using reactive power compensation (RPC)

Load and wind power data Vs tap positionLoad and wind power data Vs tap position

0 50

1,00

1,50

2,00

0,98

0,99

ge (p

.u))

0 5

1

1,5

2

0,98

0,99

e (p

.u))

-1,00

-0,50

0,00

0,50

0,96

0,97

00 00 03 00 06 00 09 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00

Vol

tag

-1

-0,5

0

0,5

0,96

0,97

Vol

tage

00:00 03:00 06:00 09:00 12:00 15:00 18:00 21:00Time (hour)

Voltage Vmax

Vmin Reactive power compensation

00:00 03:00 06:00 09:00 12:00 15:00 18:00 21:00Time (hour)

Voltage Vmax Vmin Tap position


Tap position with RPC

Mitigation of increase in FTC using reactiveMitigation of increase in FTC using reactive power compensation (RPC)

• Case study:External grid

SCC 170 MVASCC=170 MVAX/R=10 9 MW

10 7 kV ±1 2%

3 MW

10.7 kV ±1.2%45±8×1.67%/11.5 kV

CC

MinimumMinimumpower factorpower factor

Change in the FTC Change in the FTC (%(%∆∆FTC)FTC)

Average Average power loss power loss (kW)(kW)

reactive power from the wind reactive power from the wind turbinesturbines

Average (Average (kVarkVar)) ((MVarMVar))CaseCase

g (g ( )) (( ))

11 11 00 1616 00 00

22 0.950.95 --2121 1616 1515 0.70.7

33 0.900.90 --3030 1616 2525 0.90.9

44 0.800.80 --4040 1616 3636 1.01.0

55 0 00 0 --100100 1414 176176 1 01 0


55 0.00.0 100100 1414 176176 1.01.0

Wind power hosting capacity (HC) ofWind power hosting capacity (HC) of distribution systems

H h i d th ? Net(active power) Wind power• How much wind power, then?Main limiting factors • Voltage rise 12 225

15

Net(active power) Wind power

Load(active power) Load (reactive power)

• Voltage rise• Thermal overloadingShould we limit the HC based on 5

1012.225

worst case analysis?0

5

-10

-5

→ 10.5 Max based on worst case analysis• Total installed wind power 12 225 MW

0 2000 4000 6000 800010

Time (hours)

Total installed wind power 12.225 MW• Maximum observed reverese power flow 9.14 MW


H ti it t dHosting capacity: case studyCapacity factor 28%

Discount rate 5%

Additional capacity(MW) 7.0

Curtailed Energy(%) 3.3%

145,0

With AMS

3.3% curtailment

81012

2,5 3,0 3,5 4,0 4,5

W

in m

illio

n €

12.225 + 7.0 = 19.225 MW

Based on worst case consideration = 10

+ 0.5= 10.5 MW 0246

0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0

,

MW

Am

ount

Percentile increase

= (19.23 -

10.5)/10.5100%

,1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 8% 9% 10

%

11%

12%

13%

14%

15%

Curtailed energy

Additional capacity AMS costs


= 83%p y

Cost of reinforcement WFO net benefit


Hosted by

VÄRLDENS SKILLNAD

Hosted by Chalmers University of TechnologyDepartment of Energy and Environment


Swedish Wind Power Technology Center

To support the Swedish industry with

knowledge about design issues

di i d Th S di hregarding wind power The Swedish

Wind Power Technology Centre d o e ec o ogy Ce e

(SWPTC) has been founded.


Partners


Personnel• At university: 12 senior researcher

8 PhD students2 technicians

• At industry: 25 persons

• Other: 4 persons

• Total: 50 persons works within SWPTC


O i j i hi SWPTCOn-going projects within SWPTCTG1 4 Grid code testing

TG1-1 Control of turbines

TG1-4 Grid code testing

TG5 1 Load and risk based

TG2-2 Fatigue loads in forest regions

TG1-6 LIDAR system for optimisation

TG5-1 Load- and risk-based maintenance

TG5-2 Current induced damages in b i

TG2-1 Models of rotor blades TG1-2 Models of

bearings

TG1 2 Models of electrical drive

TG4 2 Optimisation ofTG1-5 Measurements for verification

TG4-2 Optimisation of blades

TG6 2 Methods for deTG4-1 Models of turbines

TG3-1 Models of TG6-1 Sensors for d t ti f i

TG6-2 Methods for de-icing of blades

TG3-2 Compound


mechanical drive detection of iceTG3 2 Compound bearings

General Electric design and install Göteborg Energi operate:

Grid code testing by VSC-HVDCGeneral Electric design and install, Göteborg Energi operate:

Chalmers cooperation:Chalmers cooperation:• Validation of models for

mechanical and electrical systems• Develop and carry out

Grid code tests of the wind turbine

Chalmers – Electric Power Engineering LTH, December 17, 2013 19 (26)8 MW HVDC-light converter4 MW General Electric



HVDC GöteborgHVDC Göteborg• System

HVDCConnection Grid

VindkraftverkGE 4 1 MWHVDC

HVDC

Grid GE 4.1 MW

HVDC


Grid Code testing byg yVoltage Source ConvertersGöteborg Energi & ChalmersGöteborg Energi & Chalmers

Current measurement

0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10

Voltage [pu]

LVRT profileDanish LVRT RCL-filter

Time [s] 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

0.00 0.10 0.20

0200.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20

age [pu]

VSC1 out 2

(a) Controlled PCC voltage

Surge arrester and breaker

Time [s] 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

-1.00 -0.80 -0.60 -0.40 -0.20

Voltag

(b) Voltage measurement

LVRT TEST. (a) Danish grid code, (b) Controlled PCC voltage.

Simulation results from PSCAD calculations.

Chalmers – Electric Power Engineering LTH, December 17, 2013 23 (26)Department of Energy and EnvironmentNicolás Espinoza and Ola Carlson

Division of Electric Power Engineering

Lab-tests at Electric Power Engineering


Proposed test and demonstration in GöteborgProposed test and demonstration in Göteborg


N d f l t iNeeds for new electric powerin EU, incl Norway and SwitzerlandTWh , y


Source: Bidrag till handlingsplan för havsbaserad vindkraft i Sverige, ISSN: 1404-8167

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StiititEltiPEiiSome activities at Electric Power