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S t id B dS t id B dSmart grids : Buzzword or new Smart grids : Buzzword or new paradigm?paradigm?
Jean-Pierre HAUETAssociate Partner KB Intelligence
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Tous droits réservés 2009 5 July 2010FranceFrance--Israël dialogue on Israël dialogue on sustainablesustainable energyenergy optionsoptions
The Case for Revitalization
Th d t lik thiThe anecdote goes like this:If Alexander Graham Bell were somehow transported to the 21st century, he would not begin to recognize the components of modernbegin to recognize the components of modern telephony...
While Thomas Edison, one of the grid’s key early architects, would be totally familiar with the gridthe grid.
Source: “Smart Grid: An Introduction” U. S. Dept. of Energy
FranceFrance--Israël dialogue on Israël dialogue on sustainablesustainable energyenergy options options –– JerusalemJerusalem 4 & 5 July 20104 & 5 July 2010
p gy
The concept of « smart grid »
Integration of digital computing and communication technologies and Integration of digital computing and communication technologies and services with the power-delivery infrastrucure
Bi di ti l fl Bi-directional flows of energy and two-way communication and controland control capabilities Power grid + Information network =Information network = Smart grid Advanced metering infrastructure is a keyinfrastructure is a key part of smart grids but overall objectives are far more ambitious
FranceFrance--Israël dialogue on Israël dialogue on sustainablesustainable energyenergy options options –– JerusalemJerusalem 4 & 5 July 20104 & 5 July 2010
a o e a b ous
Smart grid definition
The term “Smart Grid” refers to a modernization of the electricity delivery system so it monitors, protects and automatically optimizes the operation of its interconnected elements – from theoptimizes the operation of its interconnected elements from the central and distributed generator through the high-voltage network and distribution system, to industrial users and building automation systems to energy storage installations and to end-automation systems, to energy storage installations and to end-use consumers and their thermostats, electric vehicles, appliances and other household devices. The Smart Grid will be characterized by a two way flow of The Smart Grid will be characterized by a two-way flow of electricity and information to create an automated, widely distributed energy delivery network. It incorporates into the grid the b fi f di ib d i d i i d libenefits of distributed computing and communications to deliver real-time information and enable the near-instantaneous balance of supply and demand at the device level.
FranceFrance--Israël dialogue on Israël dialogue on sustainablesustainable energyenergy options options –– JerusalemJerusalem 4 & 5 July 20104 & 5 July 2010
Source : Independence and Security Act of 2007
The main drivers for smart grids
Power reliability and quality Reduction of SAIDI & SAIFIPower reliability and quality Reduction of SAIDI & SAIFIReduction of voltage sags and of short interruptions
Peak shaving Limitation of new investments
Prevention of black outs
E i t l b fit
e e t o o b ac outsIntegration of electrical
vehicle fleets
Environmental benefitsCO2 emissions reductionIntegration of renewable
energy sources
Energy efficiency
energy sourcesReduction of energy losses
C t b fit d
FranceFrance--Israël dialogue on Israël dialogue on sustainablesustainable energyenergy options options –– JerusalemJerusalem 4 & 5 July 20104 & 5 July 2010
Customer benefits and demand side management
Not all the countries have the same priorities
In the USA grids are generally old and in a poor condition In the USA, grids are generally old and in a poor condition. Reduction of average duration of interruptions is the priority.
In France three major drivers : In France, three major drivers : Integration of renewable and distributed energy sources Customers education / Demand side management I t ti f l t i l hi l fl t Integration of electrical vehicles fleets
FranceFrance--Israël dialogue on Israël dialogue on sustainablesustainable energyenergy options options –– JerusalemJerusalem 4 & 5 July 20104 & 5 July 2010
Integration of Distributed Energy Resources
Unidirectionalpower flow
Bidirectionalpower flow
Generation/Consumption
Generationat MV level
at LV level
SimpleDistributionTransformer
e carIntelligentMeters
Today Passive radial system & no generation
Tomorrow Active system with integrated DERs
Tap changingDistribution Transformer
e-carinfrastructure
Meters
EnergyStorage
Passive radial system & no generation Unidirectional static power flow Open loop operation Simple non directional Protection
Active system with integrated DERs Bidirectional dynamic power flow Closed loop operation Adaptive directional Protection
FranceFrance--Israël dialogue on Israël dialogue on sustainablesustainable energyenergy options options –– JerusalemJerusalem 4 & 5 July 20104 & 5 July 2010
Simple or no automation Simple or no communication
High degree of automation Bidirectional communication Source ; Siemens
Integration difficult because of discrepancy between local demand and local production
3.5x 104
Example : high voltage station with wind
between local demand and local production
1.5
2
2.5
3
Consommation netteProduction
a p e g o tage stat o t denergy production (Champagne)
0 5 10 15 20 250
0.5
1
Demand
Production
January
12000
14000
2.5x 10
4
4000
6000
8000
10000
Consommation netteProduction
1
1.5
2
Consommation netteProduction
0 5 10 15 20 250
2000
0 5 10 15 20 250
0.5
1
FranceFrance--Israël dialogue on Israël dialogue on sustainablesustainable energyenergy options options –– JerusalemJerusalem 4 & 5 July 20104 & 5 July 2010
July December Source ; EDF
Medium voltage station with photovoltaics production
.
production
25 00025 000
10 000
15 000
20 000
10 000
15 000
20 000
Demand
0
5 000
00:00
01:00
02:00
03:00
04:00
05:00
06:00
07:00
08:00
09:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
00:00
0
5 000
00:00
01:00
02:00
03:00
04:00
05:00
06:00
07:00
08:00
09:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
00:00
26 D b 2009
Prod. PV
26 December 200931 March 2009P (en kW)
20 000
25 000
20 000
25 000
P (en kW)
5 000
10 000
15 000
20 000
5 000
10 000
15 000
2 August 200930 May 2009
0
00:00
01:00
02:00
03:00
04:00
05:00
06:00
07:00
08:00
09:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
00:00
0
00:00
01:00
02:00
03:00
04:00
05:00
06:00
07:00
08:00
09:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
00:00
Hour
FranceFrance--Israël dialogue on Israël dialogue on sustainablesustainable energyenergy options options –– JerusalemJerusalem 4 & 5 July 20104 & 5 July 2010
Source ; EDF
Today's DER integration concept:Connect and forget !Connect and forget !
Voltage and Frequency t bilit i t i d b l
Bidirectional
110kV
stability maintained by large generators connected at transmission level
power flow
20kV
DERs are too small (100kW…10MW) to participate at energy market
Wind
at energy market
Most DERs are switched off in case of system disturbancesin case of system disturbances
DERs boost voltage level
CombinedHeat & Power (CHP)
Photo Voltaic
Negative energy values are no more unusual during certain
i d
FranceFrance--Israël dialogue on Israël dialogue on sustainablesustainable energyenergy options options –– JerusalemJerusalem 4 & 5 July 20104 & 5 July 2010
Bio Gasperiods
Source ; Siemens
The smart grid solution : a Virtual Power Pl t C t ll (VPPC)Plant Controller (VPPC)
Virtual Power PlantPower System
Billing
Virtual Power PlantController
Power SystemControl Center Energy
Trading
G
Biomass Power Plant
Billing
Communication
MeteorologicalService
G
Block-typeHeating Power Plant
Flexible Loads
CommunicationNetwork
PV PowerPlants
DataConcentrator
Meter Reading
Flexible Loads
Fuel Cells Wind PowerPlant
Distributed Small
ConcentratorMod.
Z
Mod.
ZMod.
Z
Di t ib t d L d
Mod.
Z
Mod.
Z
Mod.
Z
FranceFrance--Israël dialogue on Israël dialogue on sustainablesustainable energyenergy options options –– JerusalemJerusalem 4 & 5 July 20104 & 5 July 2010
PlantFuel Cells Distributed Loads
Source ; Siemens
In the absence of mass storage solutions, demand side management is a mustg
The challenge: balance the loads d it i t itt f
Demand
W)
despite intermittency of RES and volatility of demand
Pow
er (M
W
RES (prioritary)A must: manage theP A must: manage the demand according to the power availability Demand sideC ti l ti
Day 24 h0 h
Demand side managementConventional generation
FranceFrance--Israël dialogue on Israël dialogue on sustainablesustainable energyenergy options options –– JerusalemJerusalem 4 & 5 July 20104 & 5 July 2010
Day 24 h0 h
Document RTE
The cost effective solution will result from a combination between active energy management
d
• Active Energy Management : Price and
and remote energy management
usage visibility allow customer to adapt consumption behavior by reducing energy usage while securing comfort – Lighting Monitoring– Space Heating and Hot water heating
management
• Remote energy management : Shaving of peak loads and shifting of energy usage by smart control of certain energy uses : watersmart control of certain energy uses : water heating, household appliances (washing machines)
Demand side management necessitates advanced metering infrastructures
FranceFrance--Israël dialogue on Israël dialogue on sustainablesustainable energyenergy options options –– JerusalemJerusalem 4 & 5 July 20104 & 5 July 2010
infrastructures
Smart meters in California: 6 000 000 as of June 2010
Source : PGENota : Circa 80 000 000 smart meters installed around the world (It l J C d t li t )
FranceFrance--Israël dialogue on Israël dialogue on sustainablesustainable energyenergy options options –– JerusalemJerusalem 4 & 5 July 20104 & 5 July 2010
(Italy, Japan, Canada, australia etc.)
Tle Linky project in France : more than a meter
3manufacturers
2manufacturers
1integrator
300.000meters
5.000concentrators
1Information
systemGPRSPLC
zoom
FranceFrance--Israël dialogue on Israël dialogue on sustainablesustainable energyenergy options options –– JerusalemJerusalem 4 & 5 July 20104 & 5 July 2010Chiffres de l’expérimentation 2010
Source ; ERDF
Time schedule
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
I iti l d i d
2019 2020
Initial design and concertation
Purchase and manufacturing
experimentation
Cost : circa 5 Mds €for 30 millions meters
Purchase and manufacturing
GO / NO GO
General immplementation
FranceFrance--Israël dialogue on Israël dialogue on sustainablesustainable energyenergy options options –– JerusalemJerusalem 4 & 5 July 20104 & 5 July 2010Source ; ERDF
Electrical vehicles
French government has announced in October 2009 ambitious targets French government has announced in October 2009 ambitious targets
Three kinds of charging stations : 3 kW (home or work) : complete recharge in 8 hours 24 kW (semi rapid) : 5 minutes for 10 km
FranceFrance--Israël dialogue on Israël dialogue on sustainablesustainable energyenergy options options –– JerusalemJerusalem 4 & 5 July 20104 & 5 July 2010
24 kW (semi rapid) : 5 minutes for 10 km 40 kW (rapid) : special situations
Two main issues
How to integrate the charging stations in the grid ? How to integrate the charging stations in the grid ?
Full recharching of an electrical vehicle in
requires an electrical power equivalent to
8 hours (3 kW) A water heater
1 heure (25 kW) A building
3 minutes (600 kW) A district in a city( ) y
An electrical vehicle will consume, in average, 3 MWh per year i.e.6 TWh per year for a fleet of 2 millions of vehiclesp yHow to be sure that these 6 TWh will correspond to
Off peak power CO2 free energyCO2 free energy
The answer : maybe “smart grids” but how?
FranceFrance--Israël dialogue on Israël dialogue on sustainablesustainable energyenergy options options –– JerusalemJerusalem 4 & 5 July 20104 & 5 July 2010
Smart grids: the ultimate objective
Solar PanelsThermostat
Network manage
MarketPrice
Fuel Cells
CustomerInformationPortalIPTV ‐WWW
management
PriceSignals
Water Heater
Geothermal
Pool Pump
Smart MeterMass ?Geothermal
Energy
Smart Appliances
Smart Meterand 2‐WayCommunication
storage?
Electric Vehicles El t i V hi l
Wind mills
Offices and indutsry
FranceFrance--Israël dialogue on Israël dialogue on sustainablesustainable energyenergy options options –– JerusalemJerusalem 4 & 5 July 20104 & 5 July 2010
Electric Vehicles Electric Vehicles
Centralized production
A lot of issues remains to be addressed
Technical General architecture : hierarchy of network management and corresponding algorithms Modelization, forecasting tools and control of intermittent resources S t t l t t li bl t Smart meters : low cost, accurate, reliable, easy to use Dynamic line rating (depending on weather conditions) Power electronics devices : HVDC lines (for deep off shore), FACTS Infrastructures for electrical vehicles and strategies of management Infrastructures for electrical vehicles and strategies of management Communications (see next slide) and cyber-security Regulations and tarification Flexible pricing : mandatory or voluntary (customer dependant) Flexible pricing : mandatory or voluntary (customer dependant) Clear delineation of the role of operatorsStandardization Interoperability/Interchangeability of devices Interoperability/Interchangeability of devicesFinance Cost efficiency; burden sharing of the investment
FranceFrance--Israël dialogue on Israël dialogue on sustainablesustainable energyenergy options options –– JerusalemJerusalem 4 & 5 July 20104 & 5 July 2010
Sociological acceptance
Which communication solutions will enable smartgrids?smartgrids?
Production High voltage station Industry and services
Homes
Production Décentralisée
Interface
Availability, robustness, cyber-security, throughput are key issues
Optical fibers Optical fibersWiMax
PLCWiM
Wireless (Zi B
y, g p y(in normal & crisis situations)
Production & transmission
Optical fibersWiMax LTE
WiMax LTE GPRS
WiMax 3G GPRS
(ZigBee, ISA100) PLC
4 segments
FranceFrance--Israël dialogue on Israël dialogue on sustainablesustainable energyenergy options options –– JerusalemJerusalem 4 & 5 July 20104 & 5 July 2010 21Distribution before concentrators
Inside « Pro-sumers »Distribution after concentrators
ThankThank youyou for for youryour attentionattention
[email protected]@kbintelligence.com
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Tous droits réservés 2009