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*STID 1103*CHAPTER ONE (1)INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
(IT)
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*STID 1103*Learning ObjectivesAfter completing this chapter you
will be able to:-Describe the evolution of Information Technology
and CommunicationsExplain the concepts of ICT and ITIntroduce to
computer hardwareIntroduce to computer softwareDiscuss the history
of Windows Technology
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*STID 1103*Chapter OutlineIntroductionIT &
ICTComputerHardwareSoftwareApplicationOperating SystemProgramming
LanguagesWindows Technology
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What is IT/ICT?IT is concerned with technology to treat
information.Technology = the making, usage, and knowledge of tools,
machines, techniques, procedures, systems or methods of
organization in order to solve a problem or perform a specific
function.Information = data that is organized and meaningful.Data =
raw fact i.e. numbers, characters, unprocessed image.IT = the
{acquisition, processing, storage and dissemination} of {vocal,
pictorial, textual and numerical information} by a
{microelectronics-based combination of computing and
telecommunications.}*STID 1103*
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Information TechnologyInformation Technology(IT) is "the study,
design, development, implementation, support or management of
information systems".Information technologyis a general term that
describes any technology that helps to produce, manipulate, store,
communicate, and/or disseminate information.*STID 1103*
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What is ICT?Information Communications Technology (ICT) covers
any product that will store, retrieve, manipulate, transmit or
receive information electronically in a digital form. For example,
personal computers, digital television, email, robots.ICT is
concerned with the storage, retrieval, manipulation, transmission
or receipt of digital data. It is also concerned with the way these
different uses can work with each other.*STID 1103*
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The Importance of IT/ICTessential ingredient in managing
business processes of most organizationsreduction in administration
costsimprove staff productivity assist in the design &
manufacture of productsimprove the efficiency of interactions with
clients, customers, suppliers & distribution outlets create
opportunities for new services, products & business
venturesspeed, efficiency, effectiveness & competitive
advantages
*STID 1103*
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IT ComponentsProcessApplication (software)Hardware
that is used to get, create, arrange, analyze and present the
information in various format including text, image, audio and
video.*STID 1103*
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ProcessThe ability to translate the information needs, to
analyze and present the information and the ability to analyze the
process effectiveness. It Includes techniques and activities that
involve design, development, implementation and IT management.*STID
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Application (Software)Software can be categorized into:
Curricular softwareit is designed to educate students with concepts
and skills. The learning objective is determine by the software.
Generic softwareSoftware that is used to achieve various learning
objectives. Example: Word processor, databases and multimedia
*STID 1103*
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HardwareThe physical components of a computer systemIncludes all
types of technology hardware including computers, scanner, modem,
printers etc. *STID 1103*
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Telecommunication devicesWireless PhonePersonal Digital
Assistant (PDA)Walkie TalkiePagerFax machineVideo
ConferencingTelegraphChatting software: Example IRC, Yahoo
Messenger
*STID 1103*
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Example of Telecommunication Devices*STID 1103*PAGERCELULAR
PHONE
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Example of Telecommunication Devices*STID 1103*PDAWALKIE
TALKIE
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Example of Telecommunication Devices*STID 1103*FAX MACHINE
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Example of Telecommunication Devices*STID 1103*Computer
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ComputerAn electronic device or a programmablemachine that
receives inputs, stores and manipulates data (retrieves and
processes data), can be programmed with instructions and provides
output in a useful format.A computer is composed of hardware and
software, and can exist in a variety of sizes and
configurations.*STID 1103*
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Computer*STID 1103*MonitorKeyboardCentral Processing Unit
(CPU)
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Types of ComputerAnalogProcess physical data. Example:
Temperature, air pressure, electricalDigitalProcess data in binary
( 1 and 0)HybridCombination of analog and digital computers*STID
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Components of ComputerCentral Processing Unit (CPU)StorageInput
DevicesOutput DevicesCommunication Devices*STID 1103*
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Central Processing Unit (CPU)CPU or the processor is the portion
of a computer system that carries out the instructions of a
computer program, and is the primary element carrying out the
computer's functions.Manipulates raw data into a more useful form
and controls the other parts of the computer systems.A
microprocessor is a multipurpose, programmable, clock driven,
register based device that takes input and provides output.E.g.
Intel Pentium, AMD Athlon, SUN UltraSparc*STID 1103*
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StorageAdata storage deviceoften called memory is a device for
recording (storing) information (data).Primary Storage (main
memory, internal memory)Temporarily stores data and program
instructions during processing (volatile storage). Example
RAM.Secondary Storage (external memory)Store data and programs when
they are not being used in processing. Example: HardDisk, Floppy
Disk, CD, DVD, Tape Drive, ROM, flash memory (USB)*STID 1103*
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Input DevicesAny peripheral (piece of computer hardware
equipment) used to provide data and control signals to an
information processing system (such as a computer).Convert data and
instructions into electronic form for input into the
computer.ExamplePointing devices (mouse, touch screen)Source data
automation (optical character recognition ~ Bar code, magnetic ink
character recognition)Handwriting recognition (pen-based input ~
PDA, laptop mouse pointing)Keyboard, Scanner, sensor devicevoice
input device (Microphone)*STID 1103*
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Output DevicesAny piece of computer hardware equipment used to
communicate the results of data processing carried out by an
information processing system (such as a computer) to the outside
world.Convert electronic data produced by the computer system and
display them into a form that people can understand.Example:Video
Display Terminal (monitors), Printers, plotters, speakers,
headphone, earphone.*STID 1103*
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Communication DevicesCommunication is a process of transferring
information from one entity to another.Provide connections between
the computer and communication networks.Example: Modem, Digital
Camera, HeadPhone/Telephony (conferencing), radio/TV. *STID
1103*
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Categories of ComputersSupercomputerMainframeMidrange
(Minicomputers)MicrocomputersWorkstation*STID 1103*
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SupercomputerHighly sophisticated and powerful computer that can
perform very complex computations extremely rapidly. Most powerful
& expensive.Used in scientific and military work, such as
classified weapons research and weather forecasting.*STID 1103*
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MainframeLargest category of computer, used for major business
processing.Intended to service multiple users Capable of handling
and processing very large amounts of data quickly. Used in large
institutions such as government, banks and large corporations.*STID
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Midrange (Minicomputers)A class of computer systems which fall
in between mainframe computers and microcomputers.Capable of
supporting the computing needs of small organizations or of
managing networks of other computers such as in Universities,
factories and research laboratories as server to manage
organization computer networkE.g. Digital Equipment Corporation,
Hewlett-Packard (HP3000 line), and Sun Microsystems (SPARC
Enterprise).*STID 1103*
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MicrocomputersA computer with a microprocessor as its central
processing unit Also known as personal computer.Physically small
compared to mainframe and mini.E.g. desktop computers, laptop and
notebook computers, tablet PC, palmtop computers, personal digital
assistants (PDA's).*STID 1103*
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WorkstationA high-end microcomputer designed for technical or
scientific applications. Intended primarily to be used by one
person at a time, they are commonly connected to a local area
network and run multi-user operating systems.Desktop computer with
powerful graphics and mathematical capabilities and the ability to
perform several complicated at once. Used in scientific,
engineering and design work
*STID 1103*
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Computer HardwareMonitor 14, 15, 17 & 21Keyboards- 108, 110,
114 keys, Mouse, Speaker, Printer, Scanner, CD Drive, CD
WriterFloppy A DriveJoy StickPlotter*STID 1103*
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Monitor*STID 1103*A monitor or display (sometimes called a
visual display unit) is an electronic visual display for computers.
It comprises the display device, circuitry, and an enclosure. 2
types of Monitor CRT -Cathode Ray Tube (just like television
setFlat Panel - Using TFT-LCD (thin film transistor liquid crystal
display, or plasma display panel (pixel rely on gas in the cell or
plasma)
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Printers*STID 1103*a printer is a peripheral which produces a
hard copy (permanent readable text and/or graphics) of documents
stored in electronic form, usually on physical print media such as
paper or transparencies.Dot matrixInk JetLaser JetBubble Jet
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SoftwareThe collection of computer programs and related data
that provide the instructions telling a computer what to do and how
to do.Complete instructions that control, manage and support
operational activities of computer system. 3 basic functions: a)
manage computer systems data sources b) create platforms &
tools to use the data source c) act as the middle-man between human
and data source storage*STID 1103*
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*STID 1103*Relationship between User, Application Software,
System Software and Computer Hardware
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Example of Computer SoftwareSystem Software Application Software
Programming Languages Firmware Device Drivers MiddlewareTestware
*STID 1103*
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System SoftwareA computer software designed to operate the
computer hardware and to provide and maintain a platform for
running application software.The most important types of system
software are:The operating systemThe computer BIOS and device
firmwareUtility softwareComputer Language Translation Programs
*STID 1103*
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Operating SystemAllows the parts of a computer to work together
by performing tasks like transferring data between memory and disks
or rendering output onto a display device. It also provides a
platform to run high-level system software and application
software.Manages and control the computers activitiesMain functions
of the operating systemAllocates and assigns system
resourcesSchedules the use of computer resources and computer
jobMonitor computer system activities
*STID 1103*
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Example of Operating SystemDOSUNIXOS/2MacintoshWindows
95/98/2000/NT/ME/XPLindowsOS*STID 1103*
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DOSDisk Operating System (DOS)Operating system for older IBM and
IBM-compatible PCs between 1981 and 1995.Advantage:Ease of use ~
user interface (command line interface)Disadvantage:Do not support
multitasking Limits program use of memory to 640 kilobytes*STID
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DOS*STID 1103*
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UNIXA computer operating system originally developed in 1969 by
a group of AT&T employees at Bell Labs.Operating System for all
types of computers, which is machine independent and support
multi-user processing, multitasking and networking. widely used in
both servers and workstations*STID 1103*
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UNIX*STID 1103*
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OS/2Operating system/2 created by Microsoft and IBM for IBM PCS
that can take advantage of the 32-bit microprocessor.Support
multitasking and networking.Has its own graphical user interface
and desktop and server versionRequire memory intensive
applications*STID 1103*
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OS/2*STID 1103*
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MacintoshOS for Apple Macintosh computer that support
multitasking.The first commercially successful personal computer to
feature a mouse and a graphical user interface.Has access to the
internet and has powerful graphics and multimedia capabilities.
*STID 1103*
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Macintosh System 1.1*STID 1103*
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Mac OS 8.0*STID 1103*
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Mac OS X Jaguar*STID 1103*
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Microsoft WindowsA series of software operating systems and
graphical user interfaces produced by Microsoft.Windows Operating
System to control and manage computer activitiesBased on graphical
user interface easier to use*STID 1103*
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List of Microsoft Windows versions1985 November 20 - Windows
1.011986 August - Windows 1.031986 May - Windows 1.021987 April -
Windows 1.041987 December - Windows 2.031988 May - Windows 2.101989
March - Windows 2.111990 May - Windows 3.0 1992 August - Windows
3.1 1992 October - Windows for Workgroups 3.11993 August - Windows
NT 3.11993 November - Windows for Workgroups 3.111993 October -
Windows 3.2*STID 1103*
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List of Microsoft Windows versions (cont)1994 September -
Windows NT 3.5 1995 August - Windows 95 1995 June - Windows NT 3.51
1996 July - Windows NT 4.0 1998 June - Windows 98 2000 April -
Windows Mobile 2000 February - Windows 2000 2000 June - Windows Me
2001 August - Windows XP 2003 April - Windows Server 2003 2006
November - Windows Vista 2008 February - Windows Server 2008 2009
July - Windows 7Windows 8 (2012 ???)*STID 1103*
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Windows 3.1Introduced graphical User Interface for example
Program managerBased on windows- allowing few program in their own
windows.Disadvantages:Require high memory and storageOperates only
on computers with micro processor 286, 2MB RAM and at least 10MB
hardisk.*STID 1103*
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Windows 3.1*STID 1103*
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Windows 95Popular in mid 90s, used in personal PCs.Most of the
software is based on windows formatUsing storage area of 80 MB, 8MB
RAM and micro processor at least 486 DX.Using 32-bit operating
systemPerform twice better than windows 3.1(16-bit)Support
multitaskingSupport plug and playBetter GUI
*STID 1103*
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*STID 1103*Windows 95
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Windows 9832-bit operating system that is closely integrated
with the Internet and that supports multitasking, multithreading
and networkingFaster and more integrated compare to windows 95 with
support for additional hardware such as MMX, DVD.The most visible
features is integration of the OS with Web browser software*STID
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Windows 98*STID 1103*
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Windows 200032-bit operating system for PCs, workstations and
network servers.Support multitasking, multiprocessing, intensive
networking and Internet services for corporate computing.
*STID 1103*
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Windows 2000 Pro*STID 1103*
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Windows MEMicrosoft Windows ME (Millennium Edition)Enhanced
Windows Operating System for consumer users featuring tools for
working with video, photos, music and home networking.Improved
capabilities for safeguarding critical files.*STID 1103*
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Windows ME*STID 1103*
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Windows NTMicrosoft Windows NT (New Technology)Posses the same
ability in UNIX such as multi-user, multitasking and high
security.Suitable for high technology application, graphic and
animation.Appropriate as server in a network.*STID 1103*
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Windows NT 3.1*STID 1103*
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Windows XPMicrosoft Windows XP (Experience)Reliable, robust
operating system with versions for both home and corporate users.
Features support of internet and multimedia and improved
networking, security and corporate management capabilities*STID
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Windows XP*STID 1103*
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LindowsOSLinspire, previously known as LindowsOS, was a
commercial operating system based on Debian GNU/Linux and later
Ubuntu.The first "Broadband OS" Built to take full advantage of
broadband technology. Designed to fully utilize the world of
tomorrow, where Internet connectivity is bountiful and cheap, and
computers are ubiquitous. *STID 1103*
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LindowsOS*STID 1103*
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The computer BIOS and device firmwareThe BIOS (Basic
Input/Output System) is a standard defining a firmware interface.
It is built into the PC.Firmwareis a term often used to denote the
fixed, usually rather small, programs and data structures that
internally control various electronic devices. It provides basic
functionality to operate and control the hardware connected to or
built into the computer.The primary function of the BIOS is to load
and start an operating system. When the PC starts up, the first job
for the BIOS is to initialize and identify system devices such as
the video display card, keyboard and mouse, hard disk, CD/DVD drive
and other hardware. The BIOS then locates software held on a
peripheral device (designated as a 'boot device'), such as a hard
disk or a CD, and loads and executes that software, giving it
control of the PC.*STID 1103*
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The computer BIOS and device firmware (example)*STID 1103*
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Utility softwareUtility software is a kind of system software
designed to help analyze, configure, optimize and maintain the
computer. A single piece of utility software is usually called a
utility or tool.Example of utility softwares:Disk storage utilities
~ manage the storage like HDD, FDD, CDDisk defragmenters ~ detect
computer files whose contents are broken across several locations
on the hard disk, and move the fragments to one location to
increase efficiency. Disk partitions ~ divide an individual drive
into multiple logical drivesBackup utilities ~ make a copy of all
information stored on a disk, and restore either the entire disk or
selected filesDisk compression ~ compress/uncompress the contents
of a disk, increasing the capacity of the disk.Anti-virus utilities
~ scan for computer viruses.Registry cleaners ~ clean and optimize
the Windows registry by removing old registry keys that are no
longer in use.Network utilities ~ analyze the computer's network
connectivity, configure network settings, check data transfer or
log events.*STID 1103*
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Computer Language Translation ProgramsConvert programming
languages into machine language.Programs written in high-level
language such as COBOL, C must be translated into machine language
that the computer can executeThe program in high-level language
before translation is called source code.A compiler translates
source code into machine code called object codeBut some
programming language do not use complier, but use an
interpreterInterpreter used to translate each source code statement
one at a time into machine code during execution and executes it.
It is a bit slow to execute since it translated one statement at a
time.*STID 1103*
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CompilerTranslates source code into machine code called object
code.Translates a high level language into an assembly or machine
language.Examples include Ada, ALGOL, BASIC, COBOL, FORTRAN, PL/I,
C/C++.*STID 1103*
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InterpreterTranslates a high level language into an assembly or
machine language.Used to translate each source code statement one
at a time into machine code during execution and executes
it.Examples include Ada, ALGOL, BASIC, COBOL, FORTRAN, PL/I,
C/C++.*STID 1103*
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Programming languagesAn artificial language designed to express
computations that can be performed by a machine, particularly a
computer. Programming languages can be used to create programs that
control the behavior of a machine, to express algorithms precisely,
or as a mode of human communication.Many programming languages have
some form of written specification of their syntax (form) and
semantics (meaning).*STID 1103*
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Programming languages (cont)The syntax is the form or
arrangement of symbols and characters typical to a particular
language. Semantics deal with the meaning that a set of characters
convey when arranged in a particular way.
Programming languages can be divided into:Low-level programming
languagesHigh-level programming languagesVery high-level
programming languages*STID 1103*
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Low-level Programming languagesA programming language that
provides little or no abstraction from a computer's instruction set
architecture. The word "low" refers to the small or nonexistent
amount of abstraction between the language and machine language;
because of this, low-level languages are sometimes described as
being "close to the hardware."Low-level programming languages are
sometimes divided into two categories: first generationsecond
generation.*STID 1103*
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First Generation LanguagesThe first-generation programming
language, or 1GL also known as Machine Language, is machine code.
It is the only language a microprocessor can process directly
without a previous transformation.Using binary code ( 1 and 0
)Programming in machine language is very slow, labor-intensive
processExample : 1010 1101 8B54 2408 83FA 0077*STID 1103*
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Second Generation Languages2GL, is assembly language, developed
in 1950s that resembles machine language but substitutes mnemonics
for numeric codes. ( example: load, sum). It is considered a
second-generation language because while it is not a
microprocessor's native language, an assembly language programmer
must still understand the microprocessor's unique architecture
(such as its registers and instructions). These simple instructions
are then assembled directly into machine code. The assembly code
can also be abstracted to another layer in a similar manner as
machine code is abstracted into assembly code.Difficult to read,
debug and learn and costly in term of programmers timeExample: mov
edx, [esp+8], cmp edx, 0, ja @f, mov eax, 0, ret*STID 1103*
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Example: Assembly LanguageThis assembler program changes the
size of the computer cursor.1. use any editor program to create the
source file. Type the following lines:
; use ; to put comments in the assembler program.MODEL SMALL;
memory model.STACK; memory space for program instructions in the
stack.CODE; the following lines are program instructionsmov ah,1h;
moves the value 1h to register ahmov cx,07h;moves the value 07h to
register cxint 10h;10h interruptionmov ah,4ch;moves the value 4 ch
to register ahint 21h;21h interruptionEND; finishes the program
code
*STID 1103*
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Example: Assembly Language2. Save the file in ASCII format with
the following name: examp1.asm 3. Use the TASM program to build the
object program.Example:C:\>tasm exam1.asmTurbo Assembler Version
2.0 Copyright (c) 1988, 1990 Borland International
Assembling file: exam1.asmError messages: NoneWarning messages:
NonePasses: 1Remaining memory: 471k
The TASM can only create programs in .OBJ format, which are not
executable by themselves, but rather it is necessary to have a
linker which generates the executable code. *STID 1103*
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Example: Assembly Language4. Use the TLINK program to build the
executable program example:
C:\>tlink exam1.objTurbo Link Version 3.0 Copyright (c) 1987,
1990 Borland International
C:\>
Where exam1.obj is the name of the intermediate program, .OBJ.
This generates a file directly with the name of the intermediate
program and the .EXE extension.*STID 1103*
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Example: Assembly Language5. Execute the executable program
C:\>exam1[enter]
Remember, this assembler program changes the size of the
cursor.*STID 1103*
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High-level Programming languagesA programming language with
strong abstraction from the details of the computer. It may use
natural language elements, be easier to use, or be more portable
across platforms. Such languages hide the details of CPU operations
such as memory access models and management of scope.It makes the
language user-friendly.Can be divided into:3rd Generation
language4th Generation language*STID 1103*
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3rd Generation LanguageSpecify instructions as brief statements
that are more like natural language than assembly language.Easier
to write and understand in comparison of assembly language.More
user friendlyExample: FORTRAN, COBOL,BASIC, Pascal Lisp and C*STID
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Example: BASIC (source code)Syntax:PROGRAM Hello! ExamplePrint
"Hello World" ! Hello world will be printed on the screenEND
Semantics: Hello
World===============================================================PROGRAM
product! Another example
LET m = 2 ! mass in kilogramsLET a = 4 ! acceleration in mks
unitsLET force = m*a ! force in NewtonsPRINT forceEND*STID
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- Example: C++ Languageint main (){ cout
-
Example: COBOL LanguageSyntax:DISPLAY "Good Morning".STOP
RUN
Semantics:Good Morning*STID 1103*
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4th generation LanguagesA programming language that can be
employed directly by end user or less skilled programmers to
develop computer applications more rapidly than conventional
programming languages (nonprocedural or less).Use for the
development of commercial business softwareSeven categories of 4th
generation languagesQuery languagesReport generatorsGraphics
languagesApplication generatorsVery high level programming
languagesApplication software packages PC toolsE.g. LINC (Logic and
Information Network Compiler), Oracle Express 4GL.
*STID 1103*
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Very High-level Programming languagesA programming language with
a very high level of abstraction, used primarily as a professional
programmer productivity tool.Very high-level programming languages
are usually limited to a very specific application, purpose, or
type of task. For this reason, very high-level programming
languages are often referred to as goal-oriented programming
languages.Example: 5th Generation Language*STID 1103*
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5th Generation LanguagesA programming language based around
solving problems using constraints given to the program, rather
than using an algorithm written by a programmer.Used mainly in
artificial intelligence research.E.g. Prolog, OPS5 (Official
Production System), and Mercury*STID 1103*
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Application softwareAlso known as an application, is computer
software designed to help the user to perform singular or multiple
related specific tasks. Examples include enterprise software,
accounting software, office suites, graphics software and media
players. Application software that we will learn in this classWord
Processor (Microsoft Word) Electronic Spreadsheets (Microsoft
Excel)Database (Microsoft Access)Graphic presentationPresentation
(Microsoft Power Point)*STID 1103*
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Word ProcessorA computer application used for the production and
manipulating (including composition (creating), editing,
formatting, deleting, saving and possibly printing) of any sort of
printable material (e.g. memo, letters, report, etc.)Advantages (in
comparison with type writer)Save time and efficient to create
documentsMore flexible in term of deleting, and editing the content
Used inBusinessPersonalEducationetc
*STID 1103*
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Electronic spreadsheetA computer application that simulates a
paper, accounting worksheet, which manipulates lines and numbers
and to do calculation and is used to create charts, graph and
table.It displays multiple cells that together make up a grid
consisting of rows and columns, each cell containing alphanumeric
text, numeric values or formula. A formula defines how the content
of that cell is to be calculated from the contents of any other
cell (or combination of cells) each time any cell is updated.
Spreadsheets are frequently used for financial information because
of their ability to re-calculate the entire sheet automatically
after a change to a single cell is made.*STID 1103*
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DatabaseConsists of an organized collection of related data for
one or more uses, typically in digital form.Shared collection of
logically related data (and a description of this data), designed
to meet the information needs of an organizationAdvantages:Data
consistencyMore information from the same amount of dataSharing of
dataImproved data integrityImproved securityEnforcement of
standardsEconomy of scale*STID 1103*
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Graphic PresentationA computer program that allows users to
compose and edit graphics images and pictures interactively on a
computer and save them in one of many popular vector graphics
formats, such as EPS, PDF, WMF, SVG, or VML .AnimationExample:
Corel Draw, Photoshop.
*STID 1103*
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FirmwareLow-level software often stored on electrically
programmable memory devices.Fixed, usually small programs and data
structures that internally control various electronic
devices.Examples of devices containing firmware range from end-user
products such as remote controls or calculators, through computer
parts and devices like hard disks, keyboards, TFT screens or memory
cards, all the way to scientific instrumentation and industrial
robotics. Also more complex consumer devices, such as mobile
phones, digital cameras, synthesizers, etc., contain firmware to
enable the device's basic operation as well as implementing
higher-level functions.*STID 1103*
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Device DriversA device driver or software driver is a computer
program allowing higher-level computer programs to interact with a
hardware device.Control parts of computers such as disk drives,
printers, CD drives, or computer monitors.Acts as a translator
between a hardware device and the applications or operating systems
that use it. *STID 1103*
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MiddlewareComputer software that connects software components or
applications.Controls and co-ordinates distributed systems which
includes web servers, application servers, and similar tools that
support application development and delivery.Examples include EAI
(Enterprise Application Integration) software, telecommunications
software, transaction monitors, and messaging-and-queueing
software.*STID 1103*
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Middleware*STID 1103*
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TestwareSoftware for testing hardware or a software
package.Example use of testware:-Web testing, environment &
compatibility testing, performance testingFunctional testing,
scalability testing, test automation, load and stress testing*STID
1103*
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IT in ManagementLatest in cost efficiency- including labor cost,
transportation, communicationIncrement in business performance
virtual marketing and globalization, Sharing of informationGlobal
marketing- E-commerce, E-businessIncrement in customer
satisfactionIncrement in share marketLow margin costIncrement in
quality- products and services*STID 1103*
STID 1103
-
The Importance of ComputerEfficiency and effectiveness in
information management Business management Education
purposesBorderless worldMilitaryEntertainmentFinance and
bankingTown planningPublicationGraphic and animation
*STID 1103*
STID 1103
-
The Problems of ComputerComputer crimeHackers Illegal
downloadingHard to manageComputer broke downGap between humansLess
communication among peopleSecluded in their roomsPrivacy and
confidentialityPersonal information can be revealed easily
*STID 1103*
STID 1103
-
*STID 1103*ReviewIntroductionIT &
ICTComputerHardwareSoftwareApplicationOperating SystemProgramming
LanguagesWindows Technology
STID 1103
****~ the acquisition, processing, storage and dissemination of
vocal, pictorial, textual and numerical information by a
microelectronics-based combination of computing and
telecommunications~ data raw facts (numbers, characters, voice,
images (unprocessed)~ Information ~ data that is organized &
meaningful
*~ an extended synonym forIT~ stresses the role
ofcommunicationsand the integration oftelecommunication(telephone
lines and wireless signals), intelligent building management
systems and audio-visual systems in modern information
technology.*Kenyataan-kenyataan berikut adalah antara sebab-sebab
kenapa IT sangat penting pada hari ini KECUALI ____________.The
following statements are among the reasons why IT is very important
nowadays EXCEPT ____________.A. Menambahkan kos pentadbiran /
Increase in administration costsB. Meningkatkan produktiviti
pekerja / Improve staff productivity C. Membantu dalam rekabentuk
& pengeluaran produk / Assist in the design & manufacture
of productsD. Mempercepatkan process perniagaan / Speedup business
process
*** EXAM**********~ Analog is any continuous signal (a
continuous range of values to represent information).~ Analog
device is an apparatus that measures continuous information (TV)~ A
digital system is a data technology that uses discrete
(discontinuous) values***~ Storageis the process of retaining
information~ volatile storage, is computer memory that requires
power to maintain the stored information.~ Non-volatile is computer
memory that can retain the stored information even when not
powered.***~ A modem (modulator-demodulator) is a device that
modulates an analog carrier signal to encode digital
information.*********************************************The most
important types of system software are:The operating systemThe
computer BIOS and device firmwareUtility softwareComputer Language
Translation Programs
**The most important types of system software are:The operating
systemThe computer BIOS and device firmwareUtility softwareComputer
Language Translation Programs
*The most important types of system software are:The operating
systemThe computer BIOS and device firmwareUtility softwareComputer
Language Translation Programs
*The most important types of system software are:The operating
systemThe computer BIOS and device firmwareUtility softwareComputer
Language Translation Programs
*The most important types of system software are:The operating
systemThe computer BIOS and device firmwareUtility softwareComputer
Language Translation Programs
*****************Prolog programming logic*Example of computer
software**In Math, A formula is an entity constructed using the
symbols and formation rules of a given logical language.In
computing, a formula typically describes a calculation, such as
addition, to be performed on one or more variables. A formula is
often implicitly provided in the form of a computer instruction
such as : Degrees Celsius = (5/9)*(Degrees Fahrenheit -32)
**EPS = Encapsulated PostScriptPDF = Portable Document FormatWMF
= Windows MetafileSVG = Scalable Vector GraphicsVML = Vector Markup
Language*Example of computer software*Example of computer
software*******
