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STF NA MÍDIA
Supremo Tribunal Federal Clipping da imprensa
Brasília, quinta-feira, 14 de julho de 2011 às 06:15
CLIPPING INTERNACIONAL 14 de julho de 2011
S T F N A M Í D I A • 1 4 d e j u l h o d e 2 0 1 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P Á G I N A 1
Matérias do dia 07/07/2011
DIÁRIO DE NOTÍCIAS (PT) Acusações de corrupção levam ministro a pedir demissão ................................................................................ 12
CMVM confirma "apoio técnico" à investigação............................................................................................... 12
Presidente deu posse a secretário de Estado Adjunto ......................................................................................... 13
THE GUARDIAN (LO) News of the World hires QC involved in botched hacking inquiry ................................................................... 13
James Allason obituary ...................................................................................................................................... 15
LettersPhone hacking: the Murdoch spring ........................................................................................................ 16
Don t be put off by the new Turkey s mix of wealth and democracy ................................................................ 18
Opera North s show will go on, but Lee Hall threatens legal action against council ......................................... 19
Iraq abuse ruling by European court says UK failed human rights role ............................................................. 20
Phone hacking: the hunt for corrupt officers and 4,000 possible victims .......................................................... 22
Andy Coulson: how phone-hacking allegations derailed a career ..................................................................... 23
Humberto Leal Garcia executed in Texas despite White House appeal ............................................................. 25
Muslim Brotherhood to join Tahrir Square demonstration ................................................................................ 27
Theresa May ignores bail bill critics as she rushes law through ........................................................................ 28
AMBITO FINANCEIRO (AR) Final: la Corte dijo que jueces no podrán afiliarse a partidos ............................................................................ 29
ULTIMA HORA.COM (PY) Unace pierde el juicio por bancas en Cámara Baja ............................................................................................ 30
López Perito dice que título de finca de Favero tiene duda legal ....................................................................... 31
Fiscalía apoyará clausura de edificios ................................................................................................................ 32
Cruz Roja espera recaudar 3 veces más que en 2010 ......................................................................................... 33
ABC COLOR (PY) Aguinagalde instruye a la Corte sobre trato a jueces ......................................................................................... 34
Reclamo de bancas que hizo Oviedo es rechazado ............................................................................................ 35
Franco respalda planteo de reforma constitucional ............................................................................................ 36
López Perito habla ya de adulteración de documentos....................................................................................... 37
Entre luguistas y antiluguistas ............................................................................................................................ 37
THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) A Ceiling We Can’t Wish Away ........................................................................................................................ 38
Negotiating on a Knife’s Edge ........................................................................................................................... 40
As Wall St. Polices Itself, Prosecutors Use Softer Approach ............................................................................ 41
Amid Stacks of Paper, ‘E-Court’ Is Finally in Session ...................................................................................... 45
Deadly Sins of the Month: Lust and Greed ........................................................................................................ 47
Removal of Priest’s Cases Exposes Deep Holes in Immigration Courts ........................................................... 48
Hunger Strike by Inmates Is Latest Challenge to California’s Prison System ................................................... 50
Mexican Citizen Is Executed as Justices Refuse to Step In ............................................................................... 52
Democrats Oppose Talk of Cuts to Social Security ........................................................................................... 53
Reporter Seeks to Avoid Testifying ................................................................................................................... 54
E.P.A. Issues Tougher Rules for Power Plants .................................................................................................. 55
Nuggets of Reform, but Lacking Applause ........................................................................................................ 56
Honduras: Both Sides in Coup Blamed .............................................................................................................. 58
U.N. Report Criticizes Israel for Actions at Border ........................................................................................... 58
Georgia, Looking for Spies, Arrests Photographers ........................................................................................... 59
House Sends Conflicting Signals on Libya ........................................................................................................ 60
American Ambassador to Syria Visits Focal Point in Uprising ......................................................................... 61
Mubarak Allies Charged in Tahrir Square Attack .............................................................................................. 62
U.S. Admiral Ties Pakistan to Killing of Journalist ........................................................................................... 63
S T F N A M Í D I A • 1 4 d e j u l h o d e 2 0 1 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P Á G I N A 2
CLARÍN (AR) Insólito pedido para que le devuelvan puntos a Chicago ................................................................................... 65
Lomas: la Justicia frenó la obra de Covelia en una laguna ................................................................................ 66
Por las bajas temperaturas, intensifican la atención a la que gente vive en la calle ........................................... 67
Buenos Aires y la violencia doméstica ............................................................................................................... 68
Según la ONU, hay millones de mujeres sin acceso a la Justicia ....................................................................... 68
Un famoso intelectual aliado de Chávez arremete ahora contra el régimen ....................................................... 69
Críticas al oficialismo por no debatir en el Congreso la trata de personas ......................................................... 71
Polémica por la realización de Tecnópolis en campaña ..................................................................................... 72
Para Argibay, falta “la pata del Ejecutivo” ........................................................................................................ 74
Fuerte cruce entre Urtubey y el Gobierno por la falta de gas ............................................................................. 74
FRANKSURTER ALLGEMEINE (BL) Präimplantationsdiagnostik: Wider den PID-Alarmismus ................................................................................. 75
Menschenrechtler: „400 Festnahmen bei Demonstrationen in Weißrussland“ .................................................. 78
Bundestag billigt PID - in Grenzen: Momente der Stille, Augenblicke der Empörung ..................................... 79
Saudi-Arabien: Panzer für die Prinzen? ............................................................................................................. 82
Bundestag billigt PID - in Grenzen: Momente der Stille ................................................................................... 84
Kritik an der DFG: Undurchsichtige Auftragsforschung ................................................................................... 88
LE FIGARO (FR) Fille Kadhafi: plainte classée sans suite ............................................................................................................. 90
Inde/corruption: démission d'un ministre ........................................................................................................... 90
Report du procès des époux Lavier .................................................................................................................... 91
FORBES.COM (US) Separation Of Church And State Limits Neither Churches Nor States .............................................................. 91
An African Dictator's Son And His Very Lavish Toys ...................................................................................... 93
Why Is Obama's State Department Uneasy About Democracy? ........................................................................ 94
Whatever Happened To Health Care Reform? ................................................................................................... 97
Surprise, Surprise: Pension Cuts Are Legal ....................................................................................................... 99
King Obama: Are We In Danger Of An Imperial Presidency? ........................................................................ 101
DIARIO VANGUARDIA (PY) Las cárceles no cumplen su misión y ayudan a la expansión de la violencia ................................................... 102
Lugo alienta invasiones en busca de apoyo popular ........................................................................................ 103
López Perito da la razón a sin tierras ............................................................................................................... 104
Gobernador defiende a los jueces que le dan impunidad ................................................................................. 105
EL PERUANO (SP) Fortalecimiento del Estado unitario ................................................................................................................. 106
Ocma afianza lucha anticorrupción .................................................................................................................. 107
BUSINESS TRAVEL MAGAZINE (SP) Justiça homologa a venda pela Veplan do hotel Rio Palace para a BHG S.A. ................................................ 108
PRENSA LATINA (AR) São dois candidatos presidenciais guatemaltecos rejeitados ............................................................................ 109
Apresentam no Chile projeto de lei sobre plebiscito ........................................................................................ 109
Sentença corrobora responsabilidade britânica de crimes no Iraque ................................................................ 110
EL UNIVERSAL
5 de julio de 1811 ............................................................................................................................................. 111
Gabinete de sombra .......................................................................................................................................... 112
El Presidente de la matemática borrosa ............................................................................................................ 112
El fin del chavista todopoderoso ...................................................................................................................... 114
El Centenario de la Dependencia ..................................................................................................................... 115
Estudiantes visitan a Afiuni y exigen su libertad plena .................................................................................... 116
S T F N A M Í D I A • 1 4 d e j u l h o d e 2 0 1 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P Á G I N A 3
Tribunalicios exigen al TSJ que les mejore sus ingresos también ................................................................... 117
EL PAIS (ES) Garzón, elegido miembro del Comité Europeo contra la Tortura .................................................................... 118
THE ECONOMIST (LO) • THE AMERICAS • 7/7/2011 • 07:49:11 ........................................................ 118
Politics in Venezuela: The Bolivarian patient .................................................................................................. 118
Security in Colombia: Never-ending ................................................................................................................ 120
Matérias do dia 08/07/2011
FRANKSURTER ALLGEMEINE (BL) Kommentar: Im Schutz des Staates .................................................................................................................. 121
Sudan: In schwierigen Missionen..................................................................................................................... 122
Kritik an der DFG: Undurchsichtige Auftragsforschung ................................................................................. 124
Panzer für Saudi-Arabien?: Opposition scheitert mit Anträgen im Bundestag ................................................ 127
Rüstungsgeschäft: Merkel nennt Saudi-Arabien „wichtigen Partner“ ............................................................. 129
THE GUARDIAN (LO) Racist stop-and-search powers to be challenged .............................................................................................. 130
LettersPalestinians launch campaign to embargo arms sales to Israel ............................................................. 131
US collusion in the Gaza blockade is an affront to human rights .................................................................... 132
The right wants to set the clock back on abortion and gay rights. I say: hands off .......................................... 134
Pakistan hits back at US commander over journalist s murder claim .............................................................. 136
Eight things you need to know about South Sudan .......................................................................................... 137
THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) Court Rules Lockout by N.F.L. Can Go On ..................................................................................................... 138
Anthony Verdict Sets Off Spate of New Legislation ....................................................................................... 139
Pentagon Shift Ends Ousters Under ‘Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell’ .......................................................................... 140
Alabama: Suit Fights Immigration Law ........................................................................................................... 141
Shutdown in Minnesota Ripples Out to Day Care ........................................................................................... 141
A $22 Billion Question for India: What to Do With a Treasure? ..................................................................... 142
Pakistani Troops Ordered to Use Bullets to Quell Karachi Turmoil ................................................................ 144
Pakistan Condemns Mullen’s Statement on Journalist’s Killing ..................................................................... 145
Envoys Stay in Syrian City Where Protests Continue ...................................................................................... 146
Death Penalty, Still Racist and Arbitrary ......................................................................................................... 147
Europe Explores Passage of Consumer Rights Bill ......................................................................................... 149
French Court Puts Off Decision in Lagarde Case ............................................................................................ 150
LE MONDE (FR) Pas encore adoptée, la carte d'identité biométrique est déjà critiquée .............................................................. 151
Affaire Karachi : un témoin-clé nie l'utilisation de fonds secrets pour financer la campagne de Balladur en 1995 .................................................................................................................................................................. 153
Une cinquantaine de militants pro-palestiniens bloqués à Roissy .................................................................... 155
Syrie : nouvelles manifestations attendues, Hama sous haute surveillance ..................................................... 156
Jurés populaires et justice des mineurs : le PS saisit le Conseil constitutionnel .............................................. 157
Impartialité : comment la Cour des comptes travaille ...................................................................................... 157
THE GUARDIAN (LO) Chain retailers closing 20 stores a day ............................................................................................................. 160
EL PAIS (ES) Marruecos y la nueva Constitución .................................................................................................................. 161
La Fiscalía pide la condena de 37 funcionarios de Lula................................................................................... 162
FORBES.COM (US) News of the World to Close: What's the Real Danger Here? ........................................................................... 163
SEC Puts the Lopsided Hurt on Hertz .............................................................................................................. 164
S T F N A M Í D I A • 1 4 d e j u l h o d e 2 0 1 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P Á G I N A 4
Your Delta Boarding Pass: More Information For Identity Thieves ................................................................ 166
"Voluntary" Food Marketing Regs Draw Constitutional Scrutiny ................................................................... 167
Should You Register For California's Amazon Tax? ....................................................................................... 168
Auditors and Audit Reports: Is The Firm's "John Hancock" Enough? ............................................................ 170
LE FIGARO (FR) Polémique autour d'un prof gay licencié .......................................................................................................... 172
Exécution/Texas: Clinton "déçue" ................................................................................................................... 173
PORTUGAL DIGITAL (PT) Mensalão: Advogado de Genoino nega participação do cliente no mensalão .................................................. 173
Milhares de metalúrgicos fazem manifestação em Diadema ........................................................................... 174
Procurador-geral encaminha alegações finais do mensalão ao STF ................................................................. 174
Procurador da República diz que investigações comprovaram existência do "mensalão" ............................... 174
Mensalão: José Dirceu diz que é vítima de farsa ............................................................................................. 175
ULTIMA HORA.COM (PY) Tuma alaba fallo y habla de extorsión .............................................................................................................. 176
Agrio debate en el Parlamento ......................................................................................................................... 176
Morales dice que el país no castiga el transfuguismo ...................................................................................... 177
Diputados envían al JEM a juez que avaló la ocupación ................................................................................. 178
MINISTRA MÓDICA ENCABEZA INVESTIGACIÓN ............................................................................... 179
La Corte se involucra desde hoy en pelea por títulos de Ñacunday ................................................................. 179
ABC COLOR (PY) Para juez, Zuni no pidió réplica en forma ........................................................................................................ 180
Vía libre para la imposición de medidas .......................................................................................................... 181
Coroneles procesados por despojo de plus salarial, aún sin condena ............................................................... 181
Referéndum ya moviliza al TSJE ..................................................................................................................... 182
La banca pertenece al legislador, no al partido ................................................................................................ 182
Duro cruce entre López y ex oviedistas en Diputados ..................................................................................... 183
Dudan que sea una ocupación .......................................................................................................................... 184
Diputados piden informes sobre las tierras ocupadas ....................................................................................... 184
EL UNIVERSAL ONU critica muertes de civiles en lucha antinarcos en México ....................................................................... 185
Comisión de la Verdad reveló que Zelaya violó en 2009 la Constitución ....................................................... 185
Discusión de LOT quedará para el segundo período de sesiones ..................................................................... 186
Ley de Seguros este año genera un costo de Bs 1,1 millardos ......................................................................... 187
Consideran que mercado inmobiliario está paralizado ..................................................................................... 188
Declaración de Independencia.......................................................................................................................... 189
Bicentenario y faltas ......................................................................................................................................... 190
La agresión a María Corina .............................................................................................................................. 191
Solicitarán al Poder Moral investigar a magistrados ........................................................................................ 192
Estudiantes se proclamaron "Generación del 5 de Julio" en el Panteón ........................................................... 192
CLARÍN (AR) Otro paso para hacer una Reserva en terrenos que compró Covelia ................................................................ 193
Hubo más de 900 piquetes desde que comenzó el año ..................................................................................... 193
Duhalde, a la Justicia por la publicidad ............................................................................................................ 195
Una causa por enriquecimiento, cerrada en un trámite exprés ......................................................................... 195
DIÁRIO DE NOTÍCIAS (PT) Vale e Azevedo vai pedir a liberdade condicional ........................................................................................... 196
PRENSA LATINA (AR) Criticam desequilíbrio jurídico contra cinco cubanos presos nos EUA ........................................................... 197
Corte Suprema dos EUA negou adiar execução de mexicano ......................................................................... 198
Presidente da União Africana condena ataques a Líbia ................................................................................... 198
S T F N A M Í D I A • 1 4 d e j u l h o d e 2 0 1 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P Á G I N A 5
EL PERUANO (SP) Evaluarán a vocales del Poder Judicial ............................................................................................................ 199
Promueven conciliaciones ................................................................................................................................ 200
AMBITO FINANCEIRO (AR) "No podemos desfinanciar el sistema y poner en riesgo a los jubilados"......................................................... 200
El Ejecutivo envió 76 nombramientos de jueces al Senado ............................................................................. 201
Preocupación en EEUU por la ejecución de un mexicano que viola leyes internacionales ............................. 202
Matérias do dia 09/07/2011
ULTIMA HORA.COM (PY) Unace accionará ante la Corte por tres bancas ................................................................................................. 203
Titular del Indert dice que informe de mensura judicial fue objetado .............................................................. 204
Diputados acompañan reclamo de productores ................................................................................................ 205
LE FIGARO (FR) USA : l'ambassadeur syrien convoqué ............................................................................................................. 205
Sud-Soudan: Salva Kiir premier président ....................................................................................................... 206
Libye: la France a dépensé 160 M ? ................................................................................................................. 206
DIÁRIO DE NOTÍCIAS (PT) A Tripolitânia de Kadhafi ................................................................................................................................ 207
ABC COLOR (PY) Contradice la Carta Magna, afirman ................................................................................................................ 208
Las invasiones campesinas y el plan B ............................................................................................................ 208
THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) Redistricting Squeezes G.O.P. Class of 2010 .................................................................................................. 209
Scandals Redefine Rules for the Press in Europe ............................................................................................. 210
After Years of Struggle, South Sudan Becomes a New Nation ....................................................................... 212
A Sordid Cast Around Casey Anthony ............................................................................................................ 215
Georgia: Photographers Still Jailed .................................................................................................................. 216
Pakistani Troops Ordered to Use Bullets to Quell Karachi Turmoil ................................................................ 217
Wichita Doctor Takes Up Fight for Abortions ................................................................................................. 218
EL PAIS (ES) Pekín maniobra para proteger sus intereses...................................................................................................... 221
El país más joven nace hipotecado ................................................................................................................... 222
Sala: "He pedido hasta la saciedad la renovación del Constitucional" ............................................................. 223
FRANKSURTER ALLGEMEINE (BL) Streit um das Gorki-Theater: Der Stempel der Geschichte .............................................................................. 224
EL UNIVERSAL Denuncian atropellos en VTV .......................................................................................................................... 226
Sudán del Sur se convierte hoy en un país libre y soberano............................................................................. 227
Funes: la ruina por América Latina .................................................................................................................. 227
Antes que me desmaye ..................................................................................................................................... 229
¿Subordinada al pueblo? .................................................................................................................................. 230
Eveling de Rosales: Manuel decidió regresar a Venezuela .............................................................................. 231
Aguiar llama a romper con el estigma de los caudillos .................................................................................... 231
CLARÍN (AR) A los hombres les aplican penas más bajas que a las mujeres ......................................................................... 232
No aflojan las demandas de jubilados por sus haberes ..................................................................................... 233
La Presidenta propuso 76 candidatos para cubrir los juzgados vacantes ......................................................... 233
S T F N A M Í D I A • 1 4 d e j u l h o d e 2 0 1 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P Á G I N A 6
Caso Noble Herrera: el lunes comenzará el cotejo ........................................................................................... 235
La autonomía porteña va para los 15 años, pero aún está lejos de madurar ..................................................... 236
Qué son, para qué sirven y cómo se vota a los comuneros .............................................................................. 237
Comunas: un sistema que arranca tarde y con dudas ....................................................................................... 238
LA NACION (AR) La Presidenta eligió 82 magistrados ................................................................................................................. 240
EL PERUANO (SP) Elogia decisión tomada por el Parlamento ....................................................................................................... 241
Matérias do dia 10/07/2011
FORBES.COM (US) The True Meaning of Separation of Church and State ..................................................................................... 242
NUTS: Hackers Target Government, Apple and Samsung Continue Battle .................................................... 244
Death for Bigger Cars Will Mean More Deaths ............................................................................................... 248
GOP Passes Up Generational Conservative Victory In Order To Protect The Wealthy .................................. 249
THE GUARDIAN (LO) Betty Ford obituary .......................................................................................................................................... 252
LetterAbortion law ........................................................................................................................................... 253
Health: The malady lingers on ......................................................................................................................... 254
Rights groups fear wave of deaths as Thailand faces new drugs crackdown ................................................... 255
Woman sacked for having grey hair................................................................................................................. 257
NHS waiting times: one women s agonising delay .......................................................................................... 257
Christian MP sets up inquiry into religious discrimination .............................................................................. 258
Focus of phone-hacking investigation shifts to Les Hinton ............................................................................. 260
Met police boss to apologise for institutional failures on phone hacking ........................................................ 262
THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) Jimmy Roselli, Italian-American Singer, Dies at 85 ........................................................................................ 264
At All-Star Game, Politics and Passion Are Also in Play ................................................................................ 266
Judge Rules Ex-Firefighter Cannot Sue Over Mosque .................................................................................... 268
No Extradition for Chad Leader ....................................................................................................................... 269
Offering Slow, Small Changes, Morocco’s King Stays in Power .................................................................... 269
Underpaid Judges? ........................................................................................................................................... 272
A Vigorous Prosecution of Strauss-Kahn Is Urged .......................................................................................... 272
ABC COLOR (PY) Abogados agremiados se unen contra el rekutu del Presidente ........................................................................ 273
Llano aprovecha el 124º aniversario liberal para dar la espalda a enmienda ................................................... 274
Sudán del Sur y la válida desunión .................................................................................................................. 275
PLRA descarta apoyo a reelección de Lugo..................................................................................................... 276
Técnicos cuestionan proyecto que fija plazos para “estudio ambiental” .......................................................... 277
El Gobierno de Ecuador impulsa ley antimonopolio ....................................................................................... 278
La democracia estuvo amenazada en Brasil, afirma procurador general ......................................................... 278
Berlusconi debe pagar 560 millones de euros .................................................................................................. 279
Sudán del Sur, sumido en miseria, proclamó ayer su independencia ............................................................... 280
Rechazan fallo de jueza a favor de una cantera de San Juan del Paraná .......................................................... 281
SÜDDEUTSCHE ZEITUNG (BL) Debattenbeitrag zum Panzerdeal mit Saudi-Arabien: Verkaufsschlager "Leo" - welche Werbung für Deutschland! .................................................................................................................................................... 282
EL UNIVERSAL Reconocen a Sudán del Sur como un república libre ....................................................................................... 283
Transición en Egipto corre el riesgo de quedarse estancada ............................................................................ 284
Peligra candidatura de la exprimera dama de Guatemala................................................................................. 285
S T F N A M Í D I A • 1 4 d e j u l h o d e 2 0 1 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P Á G I N A 7
Súbditos y ciudadanos ...................................................................................................................................... 286
El espectáculo debe continuar .......................................................................................................................... 287
Presentarán anteproyecto de ley de Medios Populares ..................................................................................... 288
"Sin Hugo Chávez al frente el PSUV es un barco a la deriva"......................................................................... 289
CLARÍN (AR) Binner también lamentó la ruptura del acuerdo electoral con la UCR ............................................................. 291
Llegan las Comunas: la gente elige a sus representantes barriales ................................................................... 292
Rebeldías, cuando empieza la carrera .............................................................................................................. 293
LE FIGARO (FR) Syrie/dialogue: l'opposition absente ................................................................................................................. 295
L'expulsion d'Hissène Habré suspendue .......................................................................................................... 296
EL PAIS (ES) El PP quiere impedir el voto de los marroquíes en Ceuta y Melilla ................................................................. 296
FRANKSURTER ALLGEMEINE (BL) Atomausstieg: Wulff kritisiert Regierung für rasche Energiewende ................................................................ 297
Afghanistan: Karzais Gericht ........................................................................................................................... 298
Panzergeschäft mit Saudi-Arabien: Das Geheimnis vom Leoparden............................................................... 300
Kommentar: Problemsudan .............................................................................................................................. 302
Malaysia: Regierung verteidigt hartes Vorgehen gegen Demonstranten ......................................................... 304
Matérias do dia 11/07/2011
FRANKSURTER ALLGEMEINE (BL) Sicherungsverwahrung: Der böse Wolf ........................................................................................................... 305
LE FIGARO (FR) Rumeurs: Pécresse tacle le PS .......................................................................................................................... 310
"Règle d'or": le Sénat adopte le texte ............................................................................................................... 311
THE GUARDIAN (LO) Israel passes law banning citizens from calling for boycotts ........................................................................... 311
The Rt Rev Michael Evans obituary ................................................................................................................ 313
Rio de Janeiro aims to become world capital of gay tourism ........................................................................... 314
Libya: Paris denies claims it is in direct talks with Muammar Gaddafi ........................................................... 316
NHS waiting times: one woman s agonising delay .......................................................................................... 317
The Earl of Harewood obituary ........................................................................................................................ 318
Let them eat doughnuts: the US response to Bahrain s oppression .................................................................. 321
THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) Overriding the Jury in Capital Cases ................................................................................................................ 323
Polygamist, Under Scrutiny in Utah, Plans Suit to Challenge Law ................................................................. 324
Israel Bans Boycotts Against the State ............................................................................................................. 326
Crowds in Syria Attack U.S. and French Embassies ........................................................................................ 327
Suspect in Mutilation of an Afghan Woman Is Freed ...................................................................................... 329
All Hail the (Democratic) King ........................................................................................................................ 330
Amazon Backs End to Online Sales Tax in California .................................................................................... 332
California Judge Narrows Toyota Investors’ Lawsuit ...................................................................................... 333
ESPN Sues Ohio State...................................................................................................................................... 334
When a Wait of One Day Feels Like One Too Long ....................................................................................... 334
ULTIMA HORA.COM (PY) Inminente desalojo en Ñacunday ..................................................................................................................... 336
ABC COLOR (PY) En Diputados reimpulsarán los cambios a la Constitución .............................................................................. 337
S T F N A M Í D I A • 1 4 d e j u l h o d e 2 0 1 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P Á G I N A 8
Elegirán nuevo representante para Consejo de la Magistratura ....................................................................... 338
Fenece plazo y cerrarán rutas ........................................................................................................................... 338
Hasta cuándo se tolerará el vil chantaje sindical .............................................................................................. 340
EL PAIS (ES) Condenados a la marginalidad ......................................................................................................................... 341
La Iglesia inscribe como propios miles de inmuebles ...................................................................................... 342
Manual de cómo ignorarse a sí mismo ............................................................................................................. 344
LE MONDE (FR) Le Sénégal suspend l'expulsion d'Hissène Habré au Tchad ............................................................................. 345
SÜDDEUTSCHE ZEITUNG (BL) TV-Kritik: Letzter Sonntags-Talk von Anne Will: Schwere Geschütze .......................................................... 346
Internet-Forschung in Berlin: Google-Institut nimmt Formen an .................................................................... 347
Israel weist deutsche Aktivisten aus: "Es war eng und heiß in der Zelle" ....................................................... 348
CLARÍN (AR) Escuelas sin rampas y listados incompletos ..................................................................................................... 349
EL UNIVERSAL
Magistrados del TSJ están entre los peores pagados ........................................................................................ 350
"Chávez no está en condiciones de imponerle nada a nadie" ........................................................................... 351
EL PERUANO (SP) Una posición jurídica y diplomática ................................................................................................................. 353
Chile presenta hoy su dúplica por controversia marítima con Perú ................................................................. 354
Confianza en tesis peruana ............................................................................................................................... 355
PRENSA LATINA (AR) Reiniciam julgamento na Bolívia por caso genocídio ...................................................................................... 355
FORBES.COM (US) 3 Big Banks That Aren't Cheap Enough .......................................................................................................... 356
PORTUGAL DIGITAL (PT) Suspeita de fraude envolve senador do PMDB e Petrobras ............................................................................. 358
AMBITO FINANCEIRO (AR) El hijo de Gadafi acusó a Francia de controlar a los rebeldes libios ................................................................ 359
Matérias do dia 12/07/2011 EL UNIVERSAL
Macri confía en su reelección como alcalde de Buenos Aires ......................................................................... 360
Bolivia presentó reclamo marítimo ante La Haya ............................................................................................ 361
Su último cuplé ................................................................................................................................................ 361
PSUV afirma que mandatario puede asumir el Gobierno sin problemas ......................................................... 362
Exigen destituir a magistrados que recibieron bonificación ............................................................................. 363
PRENSA LATINA (AR) Governo boliviano destaca alcance de eleições judiciais ................................................................................. 364
Bolívia vai a tribunais internacionais por demanda marítima .......................................................................... 364
PORTUGAL DIGITAL (PT) Sabatina de procurador-geral da República no Senado é adiada para agosto ................................................... 365
THE GUARDIAN (LO) Torture: crimes with impunity .......................................................................................................................... 366
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High street spending rises but housing market still in doldrums ...................................................................... 367
George W Bush should be prosecuted over torture, says human rights group ................................................. 368
The law and corporate power ........................................................................................................................... 370
News International scandal: Politics resurgent................................................................................................. 371
Egypt s revolution is stuck in a rut, but we still have the spirit to see it through ............................................. 372
Syria criticises US after embassy attacks ratchet up tension in Damascus ...................................................... 374
THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) Florida: Naval Reservist Enters Diversion Program ........................................................................................ 375
Libyan Rebels Accused of Pillage and Beatings .............................................................................................. 375
Not Ready to Change Baseball History? .......................................................................................................... 377
Pride, and Sadness, as a Nation Is Born ........................................................................................................... 378
Settled in Albany, Gay Marriage Draws Opposition ........................................................................................ 380
THE GUARDIAN (LO) Libyan rebels make gains against Gaddafi forces in western mountains ......................................................... 382
ULTIMA HORA.COM (PY) Comisión del Senado dictamina mañana sobre la enmienda ............................................................................ 383
Lugo planteó en la cumbre depoderes mejorar el catastro ............................................................................... 384
Los policías andan sacando fotos ..................................................................................................................... 385
ABC COLOR (PY) Ávalos, al Jurado .............................................................................................................................................. 386
Para hoy prevén informe de registro público sobre las tierras en conflicto ...................................................... 386
AMBITO FINANCEIRO (AR) Cristina presentó el digesto jurídico argentino y lo envió al Congreso para su aprobación ............................. 387
FRANKSURTER ALLGEMEINE (BL) Strafverfahren in New York: Kein Schmerzensgeld für DSK ......................................................................... 388
Informationsfreiheit: Durchleuchtet ................................................................................................................. 390
EL PERUANO (SP) Una buena señal anticorrupción ....................................................................................................................... 392
Esperan con serenidad ...................................................................................................................................... 393
Plantean retiro paulatino de inmunidad parlamentaria ..................................................................................... 393
Afinan paso siguiente ....................................................................................................................................... 394
Chile presentó dúplica en 75 ejemplares .......................................................................................................... 394
Canciller precisa lectura sobre la Carta Náutica ............................................................................................... 395
Callao avanza con la descarga procesal ........................................................................................................... 396
PJ busca equilibrio con el derecho a la información ........................................................................................ 396
Plantean retos a seguir para la reforma procesal penal ..................................................................................... 397
CLARÍN (AR) “Haber perseguido a dos inocentes es una tragedia institucional” ................................................................... 400
Una estrategia de hostigamiento....................................................................................................................... 400
Caso Noble Herrera: el primer cotejo de ADN dio negativo ........................................................................... 401
LE FIGARO (FR) Egypte: l'armée veut garder son rôle ................................................................................................................ 402
Première bougie pour la Droite populaire ........................................................................................................ 403
Hermès/droits de vote:l'Adam déboutée........................................................................................................... 403
LE MONDE (FR) Enlèvement de Gilad Shalit : deux juges désignés en France pour enquêter ................................................... 404
Jeu de dupes autour de la "règle d'or" budgétaire ............................................................................................. 405
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FORBES.COM (US) Banks Should Love the Fed's Durbin Amendment Ruling .............................................................................. 406
EL PAIS (ES) Desamortización al revés ................................................................................................................................. 408
Matérias do dia 13/07/2011
FRANKSURTER ALLGEMEINE (BL) Bilkay Öney: Alle Quoten erfüllt ..................................................................................................................... 409
Informationsfreiheit und Transparenz: Durchleuchtete Politiker ..................................................................... 411
Afrika-Reise der Kanzlerin: Merkel für Rüstungsexport an Angola ................................................................ 412
Libyen: Ein Kampf an vielen Fronten .............................................................................................................. 413
ULTIMA HORA.COM (PY) Ejecutivo denuncia complicidad judicial para esquilmar al Estado ................................................................. 417
Cadam lanza exhorto a los poderes del Estado ................................................................................................ 418
ABC COLOR (PY) Comisión de Legislación del Senado emite hoy dictamen ............................................................................... 419
Groseras irregularidades en las planillas pro reelección .................................................................................. 419
Inundaciones en Palacio de Justicia son a causa de mantenimiento ................................................................. 420
FORBES.COM (US) Class (Action) Dismissed for Student Claims Against For-Profit Colleges ..................................................... 421
The Debt Ceiling, Thomas Jefferson and the Semi-Virtue of a Balanced Budget Amendment ...................... 421
Police to Scan Faces and Eyes, Prompting Privacy Concerns ......................................................................... 423
THE GUARDIAN (LO) Eva Joly to run for French presidency .............................................................................................................. 424
Greenpeace report links western firms to Chinese river polluters .................................................................... 425
Immigrant relatives face five-year wait to claim benefits ................................................................................ 427
Gaddafi regime ready for talks on transition of power to rebels ...................................................................... 428
THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) Morocco: Calls for Election Inquiry ................................................................................................................ 430
EL UNIVERSAL
"Debe bajar número de presos para nuevo modelo carcelario" ........................................................................ 430
Justicia social penitenciaria .............................................................................................................................. 431
Ella, la síntesis de un ¡No volverán! con el ¡Ni un paso atrás! ......................................................................... 431
Con Chávez todo. Sin Chávez ¿Nada? ............................................................................................................. 432
Mesa exige a general Motta respetar la Constitución ....................................................................................... 433
Parlamento evaluará la solicitud de remover a los magistrados ....................................................................... 434
TSJ emite auto en el que aclara que Fuenmayor Toro seguirá detenido .......................................................... 435
LE MONDE (FR) HRW dénonce les exactions des rebelles dans l'ouest de la Libye ................................................................... 435
Le CNT libyen réfute les accusations d'atteintes aux droits de l'homme ......................................................... 436
CLARÍN (AR) Cristina presentó el trabajo que reordena todo el sistema jurídico ................................................................... 437
Amparo a favor de Jujuy .................................................................................................................................. 438
La DAIA premia a un camarista federal........................................................................................................... 438
SÜDDEUTSCHE ZEITUNG (BL) Politik kompakt: Libysche Rebellen sollen Zivilisten angegriffen haben ........................................................ 438
Interview mit Schirin Ebadi: "Ein Analphabet zählt mehr als eine Ministerin" ............................................... 439
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LE FIGARO (FR) 10.000? déversés devant le siège du PS ........................................................................................................... 441
Lefebvre: "Le PS est sur un mirage" ................................................................................................................ 441
Perspectives de croissance à la baisse .............................................................................................................. 442
Règle d'or:décision "pas prise" (Pécresse) ....................................................................................................... 443
L'UE enquête sur l'aéroport de Marseille ......................................................................................................... 443
La Birmanie utilise des forçats (HRW) ............................................................................................................ 444
EL PERUANO (SP) La PNP y el nuevo Código Procesal Penal ....................................................................................................... 445
PRENSA LATINA (AR) Preparam mudanças na justiça equatoriana após resultados de consulta..........................................................446
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Matérias do dia 07/07/2011
PROCURADORIA GERAL • MINISTÉRIO PÚBLICO •
DIÁRIO DE NOTÍCIAS (PT) (PT) • INTERNACIONAL • 7/7/2011
Acusações de corrupção levam ministro a pedir demissão
O ministro dos Transportes do Brasil, Alfredo Nascimento, anunciou hoje seu pedido irrevogável de demissão à presidente Dilma Rousseff, depois de ter sido acusado de en-volvimento num suposto esquema corrupção. A primeira denúncia ocorreu no domingo, em reportagem publicada pela revista Veja, na qual Nascimento e outros altos funcionários do Minis-tério eram acusados de fatu-rar projetos acima do valor devido e receber dinheiro de empresas de empreitadas.
A presidente Dilma Rousseff optou, inicialmente, por dar um voto de confiança ao mi-nistro.
Hoje, no entanto, uma nova reportagem publicada no jornal O Globo divulgou um processo de investigação iniciado pelo Ministério Público Federal no qual o filho do ministro, Gustavo Moraes Pereira, é acusado de enriquecimento ilícito.
Na carta enviada à presidente Dilma, Nascimento coloca-se à disposição para "esclareci-mento cabal das suspeitas
levantadas em torno da atua-ção do Ministério dos Trans-portes".
O ministro solicitou ainda à Procuradoria-Geral da Re-pública a abertura de inves-tigações, autorizando a que-bra de seus segredos bancário e fiscal.
PROCURADORIA GERAL • DIÁRIO DE NOTÍCIAS (PT) (PT) • NACIONAL • 7/7/2011
CMVM confirma "apoio técnico" à investigação
O presidente da CMVM, Carlos Tavares, desvalorizou hoje a colaboração dada à Pro-curadoria-Geral da República na investigação às agências de rating, considerando que o "apoio técnico na qualidade de peritos" é "frequente". O presidente da CMVM, Carlos Tavares, desvalorizou hoje a colaboração dada à Procuradoria-Geral da Re-pública na investigação às agências de rating, conside-rando que o "apoio técnico na qualidade de peritos" é "frequente".
Em declarações aos jornalis-tas durante a apresentação das linhas de ação da Comis-
são do Mercado de Valores Mobiliários (CMVM) para 2011 e 2012, em Lisboa, Carlos Tavares reconheceu que a instituição que lidera está a colaborar com o De-partamento Central de Inves-tigação e Ação Penal (DCI-AP) no inquérito contra três agências de rating Moody s, Standard & Poor s e Fitch, depois das queixas apresen-
tadas em Abril por quatro economistas.
"Foram colocadas questões técnicas. Nós trabalhamos frequentemente com a Procu-radoria na nossa qualidade de peritos com apoio técnico e é isso que faremos", disse o responsável, adiantando que o relatório com as informa-ções pedidas será entregue "quando estiver pronto".
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O responsável adiantou po-rém que quanto à queixa que está em causa "o rigor técni-co não é excessivo".
Ainda assim, lembrou que os crimes de mercado são da competência da Procurado-ria-Geral da República.
"Não me pergunte se existe manipulação de mercado, essa será conclusão ou não da investigação levada a cabo pela procuradoria", disse Carlos Tavares.
TJ • DIÁRIO DE NOTÍCIAS (PT) (PT) • NACIONAL • 7/7/2011
Presidente deu posse a secretário de Estado Adjunto
O Presidente da República, Cavaco Silva, deu hoje posse a Juvenal Silva Peneda como secretário de Estado Adjunto do ministro da Administração Interna do XIX Governo Constitucional, numa cerimónia no Palácio de Belém. O Presidente da República, Cavaco Silva, deu hoje posse a Juvenal Silva Peneda como secretário de Estado Adjunto do ministro da Administra-ção Interna do XIX Governo Constitucional, numa ceri-mónia no Palácio de Belém.
Com a posse de Juvenal Sil-va Peneda, o Governo PSD/CDS-PP passa a ter um total de 36 secretários de Estado e o ministro da Ad-ministração Interna, Miguel Macedo, passa a estar coad-juvado por dois secretários de Estado.
O secretário de Estado da Administração Interna, Filipe Lobo d Ávila, tomou posse no dia 28 de Junho, em con-junto com mais 32 secretá-rios de Estado. No dia 21 de Junho já tinham tomado pos-se outros dois secretários de Estado.
Estiveram presentes nesta cerimónia de posse, que du-rou cerca de dois minutos, o primeiro-ministro, Pedro Passos Coelho, o ministro da Administração Interna, Mi-guel Macedo, e alguns secre-
tários de Estado, entre os quais Filipe Lobo d Ávila.
Os presidentes do Supremo Tribunal de Justiça, Noro-nha Nascimento, e do Su-premo Tribunal Administra-tivo, Lúcio Barbosa, também marcaram presença.
Após a breve cerimónia de tomada de posse, houve uma sessão de cumprimentos ao novo secretário de Estado, de aproximadamente cinco mi-nutos.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE GUARDIAN (LO) • NEWS • 7/7/2011
News of the World hires QC involved in botched hacking inquiry
News of the World role for former director of public prosecutions leads to allegations of conflict of interests Polly Curtis and Allegra Stratton
The former director of public prosecutions Lord Macdo-nald QC – who was implica-
ted in the initial botched in-quiry into phone hacking – has joined News Internatio-nal as a paid adviser to aid its legal case over allegations that News of the World jour-
nalists paid police for infor-mation.
Macdonald was DPP and head of the Crown Prosecuti-on Service (CPS) during the
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initial inquiries in 2005-06 when the CPS privately knew the true scale of the phone hacking but failed to widen the net beyond cases invol-ving investigator Glenn Mul-caire and reporter Clive Go-odman.
The appointment was revea-led in the Commons during a three-hour emergency debate on the hacking allegations, bringing allegations of a con-flict of interest. Labour MPs called on the Liberal Demo-crat peer to "examine his conscience", while the hu-man rights lawyer Imran Khan said: "It s got trouble written all over it."
Paul Farrelly, Labour MP for Newcastle-under-Lyme and member of the culture, media and sport select committee, told the chamber: "The for-mer DPP should not only be invited to examine his ethics and his conscience, but also his record in this because the DPP is equally culpable in failing to get to the bottom of this affair."
Khan told the Guardian: "Whatever role he takes, it raises the potential of a con-flict of issue. How can he give impartial advice when there is an issue about his own personal involvement? It s got trouble written all over it.
"He has the skills, but is he right given his own involve-ment? You have to question the motives of why News International is hiring a cri-minal lawyer rather than a media lawyer."
The Guardian revealed in March the extent of the Me-tropolitan police and CPS s knowledge of the scale of the hacking problem during their first inquiry. Under Macdo-nald, CPS paperwork revea-led a potential "vast number" of victims, despite Scotland Yard insisting it had found "only a handful" of cases and only a couple of potential prosecutions. The paperwork also revealed that police and prosecutors adopted a delibe-rate strategy to ring fence the evidence which they presen-ted in court in order to sup-press the names of particular-ly prominent victims, inclu-ding members of the royal family.One CPS memo, da-ted 8 August 2006, said: "It was recognised early in this case that the investigation was likely to reveal a vast array of offending behaviour. However, the CPS and the police concluded that aspects of the investigation could be focussed on a discrete area of offending relating to JLP and HA and the suspects Good-man and Mulcaire." The ini-tials refer to Jamie Lee-Pinkerton and Helen Asprey, two of the three Palace em-ployees who were named in court as victims.
John Yates, the current ac-ting commissioner of the Met and Keir Starmer, the current DPP, got into a public spat earlier this year over who was responsible for the nar-row remit of that inquiry, which partly hinged on the decision to only investigate cases where voicemails were
intercepted before they were listened to.
Farrelly said that the commit-tee had been convinced by Yates s argument that the CPS was responsible for ad-vising the Met to focus in on those cases.
"The DPP s role in this is hardly exemplary in holding the police to account. Under Macdonald s reign the DPP s performance in challenging the police and holding them to account over the inquiry was simply inadequate. They simply rubber-stamped what the police were doing. It s completely wrong on all le-vels that he has accepted that role. It shouldn t happen. He should be barred and it s a disgrace."
Macdonald was a co-founder of the leading human rights chambers Matrix, and is also on the board of Index on Censorship, which cam-paigns for freedom of ex-pression. One senior QC said: "It s hard to see how he could stay on at Index on Censorship considering this.
"He carries the can for the complete mess-up of the ear-ly inquiry. There is a questi-on about whether he turned a blind eye when he oversaw the investigation into News of the World. Now he seems to be a cuonsel to News of the World."
News International confir-med the appointment in a statement, which said: "Lord Macdonald QC, the highly regarded former Director of
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Public Prosecutions, has been appointed by the News Cor-poration board to advise News International (NI) on the extensive co-operation it is providing to the Metropo-litan Police Service (MPS) regarding any inquiries into
police payments at the News of the World.
"The appointment, which was made in May, is one of a series of measures to address these issues since January 2011 when information was
voluntarily disclosed by News International that re-opened the investigation into illegal voicemail interception known as Operation Wee-ting."
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE GUARDIAN (LO) • NEWS • 7/7/2011
James Allason obituary
Soldier, Conservative MP, sportsman and colourful adventurer Julia Langdon
James Allason, who was un-til his death at the age of 98 the oldest former member of the House of Commons, en-joyed a life full of incident and achievement. As a mem-ber of the military planning staff of the War Office at the end of the second world war, he had a hand in helping to create the state of Israel and in bringing the US into membership of Nato. As a brilliant mathematician, he designed the Allason sun compass, capable of working inside tanks in extreme heat, an invention taken up by the Indian army. As a Conserva-tive politician, he developed a policy to enable council-house tenants to purchase their properties, an idea en-thusiastically adopted later by Margaret Thatcher as prime minister, which he regarded as his second-greatest contribution to the course of the 20th century.
The success he placed ahead of it was one of military stra-tegy, in overruling Lord
Mountbatten and so contro-versially allowing the Dutch back into Indonesia towards the end of the second world war. He had encountered Mountbatten earlier in the war and considered him to be vain and pompous.
He had a later involvement with the War Office as parli-amentary private secretary to John Profumo, who was o-bliged to resign as war secre-tary in 1963 after lying to the House of Commons, and whose scandalous private life brought about the fall of Ha-rold Macmillan. Allason was almost alone in believing that Profumo acted honourably at the time, and demonstrated as much by not publishing his own account of events in his memoir, Ringside Seat, until 2007, after Profumo s death.
Allason was also a remarka-ble sportsman and bridge player. He represented the House of Commons in mo-tor-racing, as a yachtsman, a skier, a polo player and at bridge. He continued skiing
until after his 86th birthday and playing bridge well e-nough to annoy his friends for some years after that. As a young man in possession of a fortune – he inherited £3,000 from an aunt at the age of 16 – he hunted with the Bicester and the Grafton and shot. In India, in the 3rd Dragoon Guards, he had a mongoose, a baby panther and six ponies as pets, he played polo with a number of maharajahs, went tiger-hunting on an elephant and shot crocodiles from canoes. He was an enthusiastic ope-ragoer and loved visiting art galleries. He had planned his own 100th birthday party, which was to have been held in the House of Lords.
Born in Kensington, London, he was the son of a decorated first world war hero, Briga-dier General Walter Allason. When James was a year old, his mother, the former Ka-therine Poland, daughter of a vice-admiral, died after fal-ling while carrying him downstairs, though saving his life in the process. He
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was raised by a great-aunt and a succession of nannies, and his inheritance came about because his father was disinherited for taking the young James to the Folies Bergère in Paris.
He was educated at Hailey-bury school, Hertfordshire, and chose to take the exami-nation for the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich, be-cause it was more challen-ging than Sandhurst. He was initially commissioned in 1932 into the Royal Artillery before transferring five years later to the 3rd Carabiniers, the Prince of Wales s Drago-on Guards, serving at Sialkot in Punjab. Although they were to transfer to tanks, he still saw service on horse-back.
On one occasion, he encoun-tered an earnest, yellow-faced young major whom he suspected of being a Japane-se spy. Major, later Brigadi-er, Enoch Powell was only reprieved when Allason dis-covered that he was an intel-
ligence officer who had la-tely recovered from jaundice. An injury sustained in Burma condemned Allason to a pos-ting on Mountbatten s plan-ning staff in Kandy, Ceylon (Sri Lanka), and then, in 1944, to staff jobs in the War Office. He retired from the army in 1953, unsuccessfully fought Hackney Central for the Conservatives in the 1955 general election and secured election to Kensington bo-rough council (1956-65).
Then he sought the Conser-vative nomination for Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire, in succession to Stanley Bald-win s man of business, JCC (later Viscount) Davidson. At the time it was a safe Tory seat, and he won the selecti-on against an unknown but ambitious young would-be candidate, Margaret That-cher, who recalled her disap-pointment later at being chal-lenged about whether she could manage to be an MP and a wife and mother.
Elected in 1959, Allason held the seat until boundary chan-ges and the migration of La-bour voters from London changed its makeup. His ma-jority was 187 over Labour in February 1974 and the following October he lost by 485 votes to Robin Corbett.
In the Commons he concen-trated his interests on hou-sing and the environment, and successfully moved a-mendments to give spouses equal rights in tenancy on the death of the other. In 1946 he married Nuala McElveen, an actor with the stage name Nuala Barrie. The marriage was dissolved in 1974. He is survived by their two sons, Julian and Rupert, the former Conservative MP who writes novels under the name of Nigel West.
• James Harry Allason, soldi-er and politician, born 6 Sep-tember 1912; died 16 June 2011
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE GUARDIAN (LO) • NEWS • 7/7/2011
LettersPhone hacking: the Murdoch spring It is becoming increasingly evident that the phone-hacking scandal at the News of the World festered becau-se of complicity between government, police and an overmighty News Corporati-on. We need not wait for the results of the current criminal investigation and subsequent
public inquiry (Report, 7 July); neither should we ex-pect that these processes will lead to a satisfactory soluti-on. Rebekah Brooks, Andy Coulson and Glen Mulcaire are neither the origin nor the limit of the problem, which is the unprecedented concentra-
tion of media ownership and power, and the corporate culture of arrogance and im-punity that this engenders. Before yesterday s announ-cement the News of the Wor-ld brand had been so dama-ged that the only honourable course of action open to its publisher was to suspend it
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immediately. It may be that another owner with a diffe-rent ethos and management structure might be able to revive its fortunes. Illustrati-on: Gillian Blease It is now also clearly in the public interest that News Corporation s ownership of other media in the UK be broken up. It is unlikely that such a course of action will be within the remit of a pu-blic inquiry. Only people power can achieve this goal. We can decline to buy the Times, the Sunday Times, the Sun and the last issue of the News of the World, or place advertisements in them, and can terminate our subs-criptions to Sky TV. News vendors can desist from sel-ling these papers – and, of course, employees of News International could consider their positions. We need to act swiftly, "ma-intain the rage", and not rest until change is effected. If people power can fell op-pressive governments, then bringing down News Interna-tional in the UK through the exercise of consumer choice is entirely feasible. If we do not, collectively, seize this opportunity for democratic change, we have only oursel-ves to blame. Martin Prince London •?One area which certainly needs inclusion in the terms of reference of any inquiry into phone hacking is the relationship between the Murdoch press and successi-ve governments. Alastair Campbell says that that the influence of the Murdoch
press has been overstated. This may be correct, but it is not how it is perceived by many outside Westminster. Here there is a concern that the cosy relationship between Murdoch and the police and the closeness of Murdoch to government has contributed directly to a situation where the Metropolitan police felt itself to be under no political pressure to pursue its investi-gation into phone hacking with the rigour required. Michael Leigh London •?Nick Clegg is right to insist that inquiries into all aspects of the hacking affair should be held in front of a judge. Further, they should be held under oath. The Chilcot in-quiry meanders on – an in-vestigation that should have ended with key players in front of the international Criminal Court was rende-red futile because those gi-ving evidence were allowed to cross their fingers behind their backs and lie with im-punity. Also, if Sir Paul Stephenson acknowledges "inappropriate payments" were made by News International journa-lists to the police, may we know what he considers to be an appropriate payment? Judith Martin Winchester, Hampshire •?In relation to the several inquiries of which I have had experience, all four of the gambits Brian Cathcart men-tions have been employed (A real phone-hacking inquiry must defeat ministers tricks, 7 July). Despite this, to a greater or lesser extent, their
proceedings and/or their re-ports have made it possible to identify those who should be held accountable. They rarely have been (think Iraq). This is because ministers have held the top trick up their sleeves – the threats and promises necessary to keep enough parliamentarians on side. Will future inquiries be any different? Dr Brian Jones Author of Failing Intelligen-ce •?I suppose we should be relieved that the News of the World is now helping the police with their inquiries: it used to be the other way round. Darrell Barnes London •?The Guardian has done a great service in exposing what seem to be the routinely illegal practices of the News of the World. The govern-ment quickly bowed to pu-blic outrage and ordered two inquiries, though it remains to be seen what their terms of reference may be. A third inquiry also needs to exami-ne whether the media, which most journalists insist is the country s primary means of forming public opinion and an essential mechanism of ensuring our often creaking democratic system functions, may be bought and sold by individuals or groups whose interests may be counter to those held by the majority of citizens. Rupert Murdoch took out US nationality in order to be permitted to run his media there, while our "treasonous clerks" make no such demands – even when
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they may be placing a noose around their own necks. Gavin Greenwood Brighton •?It is disappointing to note, unless I have missed some-thing, that in all the articles and letters on the subject there has been no insistence that the influence of magna-
tes via their papers should be somehow removed once and for all by requiring the pa-pers to be independent of and be distanced from any form of extraneous or corporate control. They must be set up so that the "free play of mind" as Matthew Arnold described it, is ensured and is
inviolate, and be seen to be so. Should this not be the aim of any and all "inquiries" when the tentacles of the malign powers have been identified and removed? Eric Harber St Albans, Hertfordshire
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE GUARDIAN (LO) • COMMENT IS FREE • 7/7/2011
Don t be put off by the new Turkey s mix of wealth and democracy
The west must learn to admire our re-elected ruling party, not distrust it Gökhan Yücel
The half of Turkish voters who backed the ruling AK party in last month s general election will have found your leader column unfair, if not insulting (Turkey: admiration and apprehension, 14 June). It was a reminder of how, despite the country s globally recognised growth, relations between the western media and the ruling party have been deteriorating.
Your column began by pre-senting the sources of "admi-ration" about the AK party s first-rate performance. "Sun-day s general election victory for [Recep Tayyip Erdogan s] AKP party was not just his third in a row. It was also his most emphatic yet."
But you then talk of Mr Er-dogan s "imperious ways, which include the jailing of journalists and a punitive approach to media organisa-
tions with the temerity to criticise him", and you say that "it is vital that Turkish society is able to place some limits around Mr Erdogan s formidable ambitions". But you provide no evidence to cast such aspersions on this democratically elected lea-der.
Readers may believe there are two entirely separate si-des to Turkey. Annual eco-nomic growth of 9% is shown as "one factor above all" for Erdogan s worldwide reputation and internal popu-larity. On the other hand, Turkey is illustrated as a pla-ce where Erdogan exerts un-democratic power under the guise of economic develop-ment.
The overall message is that democracy and increasing wealth cannot be amalgama-ted by the ruling party; that "this is where admiration elides into apprehension" and
thereby economic advance helps the AK party to pay lip service to democracy. In fact, Erdogan believes Turkey s economic strength will main-tain its development and pro-gress.
"Peaceful revolutions can overreach themselves too," you say. But this "revoluti-on" has so far served to boost parliamentary democracy, civil society and prosperity in the past 10 years – why should stability always be equated with authoritaria-nism or totalitarianism in the Middle East?
Good governance is the AK party s hallmark. According to the daily newspaper Hur-riyet s post-poll survey, 73% of its voters singled out the party s commitment to deli-vering excellent public servi-ces.
Today, a diverse range of thinktanks, corporations and
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educational, media and civil society organisations are flourishing. A long-lasting dream of rewriting the Cons-titution will be now imple-mented to build a fully fled-ged democracy. Everyone knows this should happen as soon as possible. Although your column sees "half of Turkey s voters" and "Kema-
list army and courts" as s-trong obstacles to achieving this goal, one should not fail to notice that 95% of the po-pular votes are represented in the parliament – it was only 87% after the 2007 elections.
For this reason, observers should reconsider their ap-prehension and start learning
about the new Turkey. The first lesson is that only elec-ted parliamentarians can e-xercise absolute legislative power from now on. The military and courts will have to keep their hands off Tur-key s democracy.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE GUARDIAN (LO) • CULTURE • 7/7/2011
Opera North s show will go on, but Lee Hall threatens legal action aga-inst council
Despite a U-turn over community opera Beached, the writer wants East Riding of York-shire council to retract defamatory statements Alexandra Topping
The writer at the centre of a row over a cancelled com-munity opera that sparked accusations of homophobia is considering legal action aga-inst the local council, even after Opera North announced in a dramatic U-turn that it would go ahead with the production.
Lee Hall s Beached, an opera that stars 280 children from a local primary school in Bri-dlington, was cancelled by Opera North after the school and local authority said they were concerned about the content of the production, whose central character is gay.
The decision to stage the production comes after Hall was inundated with messages of support, and after criticism of the school following the show s cancellation.
Hall told the Guardian that although he was relieved and happy that the opera was now going ahead, he wanted a complete retraction from the council regarding "defa-matory allegations" he said were made during the dispu-te.
The local authority has alre-ady retracted a statement that claimed the work featured a paedophile. The earlier sta-tement, made by Mike Fur-bank, head of improvement and learning for East Riding of Yorkshire Council, said that "of particular concern and offence was a character who groomed and abused children in his early days in Ibiza".
Hall – the creator of Billy Elliot – protested that the work did "not now and has never contained such a cha-racter". Today he accused the council of questioning his
professionalism, and said there had been a "campaign of misinformation" by the council and school, who had tried to hide the fact they had made a bad decision. "They suggested I was defending the indefensible," he said.
East Riding of Yorkshire Council and Bay primary school said they were "deli-ghted to announce revisions have been made to the script of community opera Bea-ched" that have enabled the production to go ahead.
Hall said he had revised just one word of the script, chan-ging the word "queer" to "gay", in the handful of lines that became the focus of the row: "Of course I m queer/ That s why I left here/ So if you infer/ That I prefer/ A lad to a lass/ And I m wor-king class/ I d have to concur ..."
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The primary school, which had nearly 300 pupils invol-ved, felt the lines were not appropriate for the children, aged from four to 11, even though they would not be on stage during the relevant sce-ne.
Hall said that Opera North had "snatched victory from the jaws of defeat". He con-tinued: "I feel vindicated. But as an artistic community you expect to be treated more fairly and with more respect than anyone has shown he-re."
Hall added that the U-turn was a "victory for collective action". He said: "This could never have happened if all of these people had not got be-hind me – there were thou-sands of ordinary people ex-pressing outrage at this. I think they realised that this wasn t going to go away. I m relieved that the show will go on, that it won t be censored and it will give a positive representation of a gay per-son."
The uproar surrounding the decision to cancel the show had revealed that homopho-bia still existed in society, he said. "This has blown the cover on a lot of woolly thin-king," he said. "The idea [that] being gay is somehow inappropriate for children is very old-fashioned and per-nicious in my view. It s dis-crimination and it can t be accepted."
Hall hoped that the perfor-mance could be a "joyous event" all round. "It is a cau-se for celebration for everyo-ne involved who have given up their free time. I m really proud of them." He would now be taking a back seat in remaining rehearsals, he said.
In a statement, Opera North said it had been at pains to work with the writers of the script and had supported their rights to artistic expression, while ensuring the school and community groups in-volved had "positive feelings of ownership and identity" within the production.
"Thankfully rehearsals have been taking place throughout the week. We have been able to keep this project on track thanks to intense negotiations behind the scenes with all parties."
East Riding of Yorkshire Council said in a joint state-ment from Furbank and Em-ma Hobbs, the head teacher at Bay primary school, that the revisions the school had requested have now been made and "the author has addressed the points raised by the school", making the libretto age-appropriate. It denied expressing concern over the inclusion of a gay character, saying objections were rather about some of the language and tone.
The statement added: "Ho-mophobia does not exist in any of our organisations and we take great exception to how this has been played out over the last week."
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE GUARDIAN (LO) • NEWS • 7/7/2011
Iraq abuse ruling by European court says UK failed human rights role
Ruling in Strasbourg says Britain was occupying force and thereby took on judicial role of sovereign government Owen Bowcott
Britain was an occupying power after the invasion of Iraq and failed to carry out effective investigations into the killing of civilians, the
European court of human rights has ruled.
The decision by the Stras-bourg court could open the Ministry of Defence to a de-luge of claims and add to the
pressure for further public inquiries into the behaviour of troops in and around Basra after the 2003 invasion.
By extending liability be-yond the UK s territorial li-
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mits and outside Europe, the ruling will have far-reaching implications for military ope-rations around the world.
The case was brought by the Birmingham-based firm Pu-blic Interest Lawyers on be-half of Iraqis who claimed their relatives had been vari-ously shot dead, raped, di-sappeared or tortured by Bri-tish soldiers between 2003 and 2006.
In its judgment, the court said: "Following the removal from power of the Ba ath regime and until the acces-sion of the Iraqi interim go-vernment, the United King-dom (together with the Uni-ted States) assumed in Iraq the exercise of some of the public powers normally to be exercised by a sovereign go-vernment.
"In particular, the United Kingdom assumed authority and responsibility for the maintenance of security in south-east Iraq. In those ex-ceptional circumstances, a jurisdictional link existed between the United Kingdom and individuals killed in the course of security operations carried out by British soldiers during the period May 2003 to June 2004.
"Since the applicants relati-ves were killed in the course of United Kingdom security operations during that period, the United Kingdom was required to carry out an in-vestigation into their deaths."
Among those who died was Hazim Al-Skeini, 23, who was shot dead by a British army patrol. In his witness statement, his brother explai-ned that on 4 August 2003 members of his family had been in the village of al-Majidiyah for a funeral.
"In Iraq, it is customary for guns to be discharged at a funeral," the court said. "He stated that he saw soldiers shoot and kill his brother and another man – both unarmed and only about 10 metres away from the soldiers – for no apparent reason."
The court found there had not been an effective investi-gation into five of the kil-lings. It noted that, in con-trast, the UK has held an inquiry into the death of Ba-ha Mousa, a hotel worker who died while in the cus-tody of British troops in 2003. A report on the fin-dings is due in the autumn.
The UK was ordered to pay damages to five of the appli-cants v17,000 (£15,200) each and awarded a total of v50,000 in costs and expen-ses.
The Strasbourg court also ruled in a second case, Al Jedda v United Kingdom, that the indefinite detention of a dual British-Iraqi citizen in a Basra facility run by UK forces was illegal.
Hilal Abdul-Razzaq Ali al-Jedda, 53, was detained for
three years. The army clai-med he was responsible for recruiting terrorists outside Iraq to commit atrocities the-re but no criminal charges were brought against him.
Eric Metcalfe, director of the human rights group Justice, said: "The rulings send out two clear messages. The Bri-tish government s duties un-der human rights law do not stop at Dover, and they can-not be easily displaced by rulings of the UN security council. This is a good day for the international rule of law."
Phil Shiner, who led the team at Public Interest Lawyers, said: "This is a monumental judgment ... and an important day for our clients, many of whom can now force what the MoD has long-denied them – a public inquiry un-covering the truth about what the British army did to them and their loved ones."
Jim Duffy, another of the victims solicitors added: "The court s judgment sends a clear message: wherever soldiers or other state agents act, they must do so while upholding, not violating, human rights. The violence, religious degradation, sexual abuse and, in many cases, gratuitous killing suffered by our clients must now be con-fronted."
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE GUARDIAN (LO) • NEWS • 7/7/2011
Phone hacking: the hunt for corrupt officers and 4,000 possible victims
The senior detective leading the phone-hacking inquiry confirms Glenn Mulcaire s note-books contain thousands of names Sandra Laville and Vikram Dodd
The senior detective leading the phone-hacking inquiry said on Thursday that there were 4,000 possible victims, as it emerged that Scotland Yard is trying to identify a handful of officers who were paid £100,000 between them by the News of the World.
Deputy assistant commissio-ner Sue Akers, who is run-ning Operation Weeting, broke her silence to give mo-re details on her inquiry as the number of victims being publicly identified continued to grow.
Michael Mansfield QC, who represented the family of Princess Diana s former lover Dodi Fayed at the inquest into her death, said he had received a letter from Sco-tland Yard saying he was on a list of possible targets.
The Met has also told a cha-rity representing families who have lost loved ones in the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq that they will check the names of relatives against their evidence to speed up the identification of those who might have been affec-ted.
Akers has also been appoin-ted as head of a separate in-
vestigation into documents from News International which suggest three to five officers were paid £100,000 between them by the Sunday tabloid in 2003 when Andy Coulson was editor. The in-formation, passed by the company to the police in June, does not identify the officers involved – none of whom are of senior rank – but gives them pseudonyms. The inquiry within the yard is attempting to identify the officers, who are thought to be detective constable or detective sergeant rank.
Akers spoke out as she pre-pares to give evidence next week to the home affairs select committee. Her revela-tions that there were 4,000 names in Glenn Mulcaire s notebooks is official confir-mation of what the Guardian reported two years ago – that 2,000 to 3,000 people were listed as possible victims. These individuals were not contacted by detectives in-vestigating phone hacking in the first inquiry, known as the Goodman inquiry. The suggestion that there were possibly thousands of victims was dismissed at the time.
Assistant commissioner John Yates said in 2009, after re-viewing the first inquiry, that there were "hundreds, not
thousands" of potential vic-tims.
Akers spoke as the Yard was inundated as hundreds of people, many of whom are victims of crime or their rela-tives, phoned in to see if their names were in the notebooks. She appealed for people to be patient. "I stand by my com-mitment that Operation Wee-ting will contact all those who have some personal con-tact details found in the do-cuments seized in 2006 and my officers are working hard to ensure it is fulfilled as soon as possible.
"This is taking a signficant amount of time and resour-ces. We are going through approximately 11,000 pages of material containing almost 4,000 names. In addition, we have been contacted by hun-dreds of people who believe that they may have been af-fected.
"We are also making contact with organisations that repre-sent the large groups of peo-ple reported to be affected, to provide reassurance. Have confidence in us to keep our promise but also realise it will take time."
News that officers were alle-gedly bribed by journalists has shocked Scotland Yard. The Independent Police
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Complaints Commission announced that it would o-versee the police inquiry and suggested it could take over the investigation once the officers had been identified.
Documents handed over by News International include emails and evidence of cash payments. Some police sour-ces suggested there was no evidence yet that officers had actually received the pay-ments, and what would also be investigated was whether the journalists involved had kept the money themselves.
All the payments are unders-tood to have taken place in 2003, the year Rebekah Bro-oks stepped down as editor
of the News of the World and Coulson took over.
Deborah Glass, deputy chair of the IPCC, announced she would be personally oversee-ing the Met and suggested that if the officers were iden-tified the IPCC may step up its role to take over the in-quiry independently.
"I share the public concerns expressed so powerfully a-bout police officers being bribed by newspapers. It is obviously crucial that the officers involved are identifi-ed. I will personally supervi-se this investigation to give independent oversight and ensure that it is robust in its attempts to identify any offi-
cer who may have committed an offence."
The Met commissioner has said that anyone who is shown to have committed any wrongdoing can expect the full weight of disciplinary measures, if appropriate t-hrough the Criminal Courts.
When asked how he felt a-bout those suspected of ta-king money, Sir Paul Ste-phenson told Sky News: "I am more than ashamed – I am determined to see them in a Criminal Court."
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE GUARDIAN (LO) • NEWS • 7/7/2011
Andy Coulson: how phone-hacking allegations derailed a career
This week, as the industrial scale of News of the World hacking efforts registered with the public, Coulson s friends melted away Ben Quinn, James Robin-son and Peter Walker
Andy Coulson s career has now been knocked off course on three occasions by allega-tions about phone hacking. This time there is surely no way back for the tabloid edi-tor turned political spin doc-tor, who is now seemingly abandoned by his powerful allies.
The 43-year-old resigned as editor of the News of the World in January 2007, the day that Clive Goodman, the
newspaper s former royal editor, was jailed for illegal phone hacking. Almost exac-tly four years later he stepped down as David Cameron s head of communications, saying further coverage of hacking allegations made it impossible for him to do his Downing Street job.
Both times he protested his personal innocence, a view challenged neither by News International nor the Conser-vatives, meaning Coulson could present himself as ho-nourable, even wronged.
But this week, as the indus-trial scale and sheer amora-lity of News of the World hacking registered with a shocked public, Coulson s friends in high places have shuffled quietly from the scene.
Cameron pointedly refused to back him at prime minister s questions, while News In-ternational tried to aim atten-tion at alleged misdeeds du-ring his editorship, rather than that of his predecessor as News of the World editor, Rebekah Brooks, now the
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company s chief executive. It is a distinctly gloomy poten-tial conclusion to a once glit-tering career that saw Coul-son reach the peak of the gung ho tabloid world in his early 30s.
Born in 1968, an early chil-dhood spent in an Essex council house and subse-quent education at a local comprehensive in Wickford put Coulson s origins at odds with the profile of the majo-rity of senior journalists, let alone the privileged back-grounds of most other mem-bers of David Cameron s inner circle.
Inevitably, such a backstory has led to the now almost customary characterisations of him as the "Essex boy made good" thanks to hard-nosed ambition, drive and more than an ounce of sheer ruthlessness.
Piers Morgan, another star of tabloid journalism and one-time News of the World edi-tor who described him as "one of the best journalists I have ever worked with", ga-ve Coulson his first Fleet Street job in 1988 when he was hired to work on the Sun s showbiz gossip column, Bizarre, after starting his career at the Basildon Eve-ning Echo.
A 10-week interlude working at the Daily Mail punctuated a journalistic career otherwi-se spent entirely in the servi-ce of News International, which he described to friends as his "spiritual home". Coulson returned to Wapping
to edit Bizarre and later join the News of the World as deputy to the then Rebekah Wade.
A public image of brashness took shape at this time. In the runup to the 2001 general election he asked Tony and Cherie Blair if they were members of the mile high club. Less than two years later, in January 2003, he succeeded Brooks as News of the World editor, at the age of 34.
The signs that his tenure as editor would be combative, and not without controversy, came early when he abando-ned a deal to protect Princes William and Harry, claiming the royals had not kept their side of bargain.
Success came too. The News of the World was named newspaper of year at the Bri-tish Press Awards in March 2005, when Coulson appa-rently sought to sum up his approach to editing as he accepted the award, saying: "The News of the World do-esn t pretend to do anything other than reveal big stories and titillate and entertain the public, while exposing crime and hypocrisy."
His departure from the editor s seat was similarly dramatic. After Goodman was jailed, Coulson said he took "ulti-mate responsibility" for the scandal but insisted he was unaware of the phone hac-king. A Press Complaints Commission (PCC) investi-gation later in 2007 found no evidence that he or anyone
else at the paper had been aware of Goodman s activiti-es.
Further ignominy came in 2008 when an employment tribunal upheld a claim that he had engaged in bullying during his tenure as editor, with the paper s former sports reporter Matt Driscoll awarded almost £800,000 for unfair dismissal and disabi-lity discrimination.
A career resurrection had already dawned by then. Despite some unease in some Tory ranks, he was hired in May 2007 on a reported sa-lary of £475,000 as the Con-servative party s director of communications.
At Tory headquarters, where Coulson immediately became one of Cameron s closest confidants, he was integral in building support on Fleet Street for the then opposition leader and securing a highly important pre-election endor-sement of the Sun and other News International stablema-tes.
After the party formed a coa-lition government with the Liberal Democrats last May, Coulson made the transition to Downing Street on an an-nual salary of £140,000. But his time at No 10 was brief, as a succession of public figures launched legal acti-ons against Coulson s old employer over allegations that their mobile phones had been hacked by a private investigator working for the News of the World. The no-tion that the former editor
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could have known nothing about the activity began to be questioned in the courts.
Any hopes Coulson might have had that some months on the sidelines would lessen the scrutiny have been undo-ne by this week s revelations.
Most potentially damaging for the ex-editor are questi-ons about his testimony to
the perjury trial of the Scotti-sh socialist politician Tommy Sheridan at the high court in Glasgow in December last year, where Coulson was a defence witness for the News of the World – the first and, so far, only time he has been questioned under oath about hacking.
Asked about the activities of Glenn Mulcaire, the investi-
gator used by the News of the World, Coulson said: "I never knew him as an indivi-dual, I never met him, I never spoke to him, I never heard his name until the Clive Go-odman affair started. But I knew his consultancy was used in an entirely legitimate way during my time as edi-tor."
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE GUARDIAN (LO) • NEWS • 7/7/2011
Humberto Leal Garcia executed in Texas despite White House appeal
State governor Rick Perry rejects call from Barack Obama to spare Mexican s life to pro-tect US interests abroad Chris McGreal
Texas has executed a Mexi-can-born man after the US Supreme Court and the state s governor, Rick Perry, spur-ned appeals from Barack Obama to spare the convicted murderer s life in order to protect US interests abroad.
Humberto Leal Garcia was executed by lethal injection for the rape and murder of a 16-year-old girl despite ap-peals of senior diplomats, military officials and promi-nent politicians who said the execution could jeopardise the lives of Americans.
Shortly before Leal was led into the death chamber in Huntsville the Supreme Court rejected by 5-4 an appeal from the White House to block the execution on the
grounds it was in breach of an international convention governing the treatment of foreigners who are arrested and would therefore do "irre-parable harm" to America s interests.
Perry also declined to exerci-se his power to delay the execution by 30 days. His office argued that Leal was guilty of a heinous crime and deserved to die.
The Texas governor is a vi-gorous advocate of the death penalty. He has overseen the execution of more than 200 men and is on the brink of entering the US presidential race with strong support of conservatives who back capi-tal punishment.
Perry s decision followed a rejection by the Texas board
of pardons and paroles of Leal s request for a reprieve or commutation of his sen-tence.
Leal, a 38-year-old former mechanic, was convicted in 1994 of the rape and killing of Adria Sauceda, whose battered naked body was found hours after the pair left a street party together.
After his arrest, the Texas police failed to tell Leal, who was born in Mexico but has lived in the US since the age of two, that under the Vienna convention he was entitled to contact the Mexican consula-te.
Leal s lawyers have argued that that had a material effect on whether he received the death penalty because he did not have swift access to legal
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representation which Mexi-can diplomats would have offered.
"There can be little doubt that if the government of Mexico had been allowed access to Mr Leal in a timely manner, he would not now be facing execution for a capital murder he did not commit," Leal s lawyers said in their appeal to the pardons board.
That position was backed by an international Court of Justice ruling which said that Leal and about 50 other Me-xicans on death row in the US were not given their full legal rights.
US diplomats, top judges, senior military officers, the United Nations and former president George W Bush also appealed for Leal s exe-cution to be halted on the grounds it could jeopardise American citizens arrested abroad as well as US diplo-matic interests.
The White House asked the Supreme Court to put the execution on hold while Congress passed a law that would prevent Leal from being put to death along with dozens of other foreign nati-onals who were denied pro-per access to diplomatic re-
presentation before trials for capital crimes.
In a 30-page brief to the court, the administration said that carrying out the executi-on "would place the United States in irreparable breach of its international law obli-gation" under the convention.
"That breach would have serious repercussions for United States foreign relati-ons, law-enforcement and other co-operation with Me-xico, and the ability of Ame-rican citizens travelling abro-ad to have the benefits of consular assistance in the event of detention," it said.
But Stephen Hoffman, an assistant attorney general for Texas, said in a brief to the Supreme Court: "Leal s argument is nothing but a transparent attempt to evade his impending punishment."
Sauceda s mother, Rachel Terry, told a San Antonio television station that Leal s life should not be spared.
"A technicality doesn t give anyone a right to come to this country and rape, torture and murder anyone," she said.
Critics of any delay to the execution also say that Leal, after living all his adult life
in the US, is not the usual type of foreign national con-fronting an unfamiliar judici-al system or language that the Vienna convention is designed to protect.
Leal s lawyer, Sandra Bab-cock, criticised the Supreme Court s refusal to block the execution.
"This case was not just about one Mexican national on death row in Texas. The exe-cution of Mr Leal violates the United States treaty commitments, threatens the nation s foreign policy inte-rests, and undermines the safety of all Americans abro-ad. That is why the US soli-citor general, former diplo-mats, military leaders, and Americans detained overseas were among those who joi-ned together to call for a stay of execution," she said.
"It is now imperative that Congress promptly act to ensure passage of legislation that will bring the US into compliance with its interna-tional legal commitments and provide judicial review to the forty Mexican nationals who remain on death row in violation of their consular rights."
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE GUARDIAN (LO) • NEWS • 7/7/2011
Muslim Brotherhood to join Tahrir Square demonstration
Islamist movement and political forces to demand justice against police and officials lin-ked to Hosni Mubarak Jack Shenker
Egypt s military-backed tran-sitional government is bra-cing itself for the largest pro-test yet against its rule on Friday with plans for a "mil-lion-strong" rally to defend the revolution at Tahrir Squa-re.
In a rare show of unity, Egypt s largest political Is-lamist movement, the Mus-lim Brotherhood, will join a vast array of liberal, leftist and secular political forces, including youth representati-ves from this year s anti-Mubarak uprising. They will demand that police officers and former regime officials are finally held accountable and that the army s grip over the justice system comes to an end.
"Take to the streets on July 8: the revolution is still on," reads graffiti scrawled across the Egyptian capital.
The demonstration comes at a perilous time for the autho-rities, following 10 days of street violence in Cairo and Suez as public frustration at the slow pace of reform be-gins to grow.
On Wednesday, armed secu-rity forces fought running battles with civilians, after several police officers accu-
sed of murdering protesters during the toppling of former president Hosni Mubarak earlier this year were relea-sed on bail.
"The demands of the revolu-tion have not changed since day one," declared the 25th January Revolution Youth Coalition in an online state-ment calling on Egyptians to join Friday s demonstration. "It was not just about top-pling the old regime but a-bout building a state where people can have freedom, dignity, rule of law and soci-al justice."
The Muslim Brotherhood initially said it would boycott the rally due to disagree-ments with political rivals over whether a new Consti-tution should be written be-fore or after parliamentary elections. But the "Constitu-tion-first" demand has now been softened by rally orga-nisers and the Brotherhood s involvement, which analysts believe is essential if the group wants to maintain cre-dibility, looks set to bolster protester numbers significan-tly.
The government has urged demonstrators to "maintain the peaceful nature of the protest" and warned against "plots aiming to incite chaos in order to tarnish the coun-
try s image". Security offici-als have indicated that riot police will be kept away from Tahrir Square and de-ployed only in side streets, supposedly in an effort to avoid confrontation.
In another apparent attempt to appease the public ahead of the rally, interim interior minister Mansour al-Essawy has promised to purge up to 700 corrupt senior officers from the police force as part of the largest reshuffle in the interior ministry s history. But five months on from the protests that led to Mubarak s fall and left almost a thou-sand dead, only a single offi-cer has been convicted of wrongdoing – and he is yet to be put behind bars.
"The problem is that the re-volution has ousted President Mubarak but not his regime," said prominent author Alaa al-Aswany in a newspaper column this week – one of many decrying the continu-ing presence of Mubarak-affiliated ministers, judges, security officials and journa-lists among the country s political elite.
"The Egyptian revolution is now going through a critical moment, a real fork in the road. It can either win and accomplish its goals or (hea-ven forbid), it can also lose,
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leaving the old regime to return in a slightly different form," said al-Aswany. "This is why the demonstrations are important... to correct what went wrong with the revolution … We will go to the square ready to pay the price of freedom. We will be like we were during the revo-lution, ready to die at any moment."
Activists believe the rally could help challenge the mi-litary s legitimacy through innovative new forms of grassroots political participa-tion, including a "civil refe-rendum" which will see questionnaires about Egypt s future distributed among demonstrators and dropped in manned ballot boxes t-hroughout the square. .
Young Egyptians have been using Twitter to swap techni-ques for getting past parental bans on attending the protest, using the hashtag #fokakme-nahlak , an Arabic word me-aning "split from your fa-mily".
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE GUARDIAN (LO) • NEWS • 7/7/2011
Theresa May ignores bail bill critics as she rushes law through
Lawyers say move to overturn ruling on 96-hour limit on holding suspects is a smash and grab raid boosting police powers Alan Travis
The home secretary, Theresa May, has slapped down cri-tics of her emergency legisla-tion to resolve the police bail crisis being rushed through the Commons, arguing they are ignoring the reality of policing.
Defence lawyers have war-ned the legislation, which overturns a Salford district court ruling that time spent on bail must count towards the 96-hour limit on holding suspects without charge, a-mounts to a "smash and grab raid" that boosts police po-wers.
"The idea that some have put forward, that this judgment means that the police should in some way just work quic-ker to gather evidence, sim-ply ignores the reality of po-licing. DNA and forensic
tests, for example, take time. Identifying, contacting and interviewing witnesses takes time. Analysing intelligence takes time. That is all time that this judgment takes away from the police," the home secretary said, moving the second reading of the police (detention and bail) bill in the Commons on Thursday. The legislation, which com-pleted all its Commons sta-ges in just four and a half hours, will be retrospective as it will be "deemed always to have had effect" despite the Salford judgment. The Lords is due to debate the bill on Monday and it is expected to reach the statue book on Tuesday.
May said the bill would res-tore vital powers to the poli-ce that had existed for 25 years until the Salford court ruling in April. Only fast-track legislation could give
the police the "certainty and immediacy in restoring the law as it was understood to operate".
The home secretary again denied Labour claims she could have acted quicker in dealing with the crisis insis-ting that the full implications of the original ruling did not become clear until 30 June.
But the solicitors who appli-ed for the original court ru-ling that triggered the bail crisis say the emergency le-gislation will simply encou-rage an emerging police practice of "bail and see" rather than carrying out in-quiries as a matter of ur-gency.
Their warning comes as a cross-party group of peers raises concerns that legisla-ting in such highly unusual circumstances undermines
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the Constitutional principle of the separation of political powers and the rule of law.
The rush follows a ruling by a district judge in Salford, upheld by the high court, that has thrown into doubt the legal position of 85,000 poli-ce suspects currently out on bail.
The ruling overturned 25 years of police practice under the 1984 Police and Criminal Evidence Act (Pace), which allows suspects to be held only for 96 hours before they are charged or released. The ruling said that periods spent on bail should also count towards the 96-hour "deten-tion clock" limit.
The Supreme Court, which is to hear a full appeal on the issue on 25 July, earlier this week dismissed an applicati-on to suspend the original ruling pending that hearing.
The home secretary s bill simply reverses that by sa-ying time spent on bail will not count towards the 96-hour limit, only time spent in detention.
But Joseph Kotrie-Monson of the solicitors who repre-sented Paul Hookway, the murder suspect in the origi-nal case, says the legislation being rushed through will widen police powers, not prevent chaos.
"The judgment in Hookway should have been a wake-up call in respect of this new emerging police practice of bail and see rather than inter-view and investigate properly at the front end."
He said a slow shift had oc-curred over the 25 years that the police and criminal evi-dence act had been in force in which initial investigation and proper effective interro-gation up to 96 hours after
arrest has been replaced in practice by excessively long bail periods.
In the Hookway case, the ruling that the 96-hour limit had been reached came five months after the murder sus-pect was initially arrested and had been repeatedly bai-led.
The House of Lords Consti-tution committee expressed concerns on Thursday that the emergency legislation was being rushed through before the Supreme Court appeal hearing.
"We are concerned that, in the understandable rush to rectify a problem which the police have identified as be-ing serious and urgent, insuf-ficient time has been allowed for parliament fully to consi-der the Constitutional impli-cations of what it is being asked to do," says the com-mittee s report.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • AMBITO FINANCEIRO (AR) • POLÍTICA • 7/7/2011
Final: la Corte dijo que jueces no podrán afiliarse a partidos
Los funcionarios judiciales no podrán afiliarse a partidos políticos. Lo dispuso la Cor-te Suprema en un plenario de este martes al desautori-zar una resolución dictada en ese sentido por el Conse-jo de la Magistratura, el año pasado. El máximo tri-bunal declaró la invalidez de la disposición del Consejo y agregó que ese órgano «no cuenta con la atribución»
para modificar el régimen de incompatibilidades vigente en el ámbito de la Justicia. Los ministros de la Corte firmaron el martes la acorda-da 11/11 que invalidó la re-solución 254/10 del Consejo, firmada en junio del año pa-sado por impulso del enton-ces consejero y diputado na-cional kirchnerista Carlos Kunkel, y que contó con el respaldo de sus colegas radi-
cales en el cuerpo. La nor-mativa del año pasado del organismo encargado de la selección y revisión de con-ducta de los jueces había habilitado a los funcionari-os judiciales afiliarse y te-ner actividad política. La normativa del Consejo había modificado el artículo 10 del Reglamento para la Justicia Nacional que, ade-más de prohibir las afiliacio-
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nes, impedía a los empleados realizar «propaganda, pro-selitismo, coacción ideoló-gica» en cualquier ámbito de su desempeño y en ejercicio de sus funciones. Resguardo El máximo tribunal entendió que «las disposiciones re-glamentarias de la natura-leza en cuestión constituyen facultades inherentes de la Corte Suprema, como ór-gano superior del Poder Judicial». «Se trata de una regulación que hace a la actuación de ese Poder y que resguarda y garantiza su independencia, de con-formidad con el sistema de separación y equilibrio que es propio del régimen re-publicano de gobierno», añade la acordada. Y destaca que «el Consejo de la Ma-gistratura no cuenta con la
atribución para dictar normas reglamentarias en cuestiones concernientes al régimen de incompatibili-dades que decidió modifi-car, por lo que la resoluci-ón 254/10 ha sido adoptada al margen de su competen-cia». Los cortesanos defendieron además el régimen de in-compatibilidades «en procu-ra de sustraer a la Justicia -como Poder al que secun-dan todos sus agentes y en cuyos estrados pueden ven-tilarse cuestiones que de una u otra manera se vin-culan con la política- de cualquier suspicacia res-pecto de su imparcialidad, que es cuestión primaria de su función trascendental». Antecedente El cambio operado el año pasado por el Consejo de la
Magistratura se remonta a un proyecto presentado en esa línea por Kunkel en 2008 y que fue aprobado en 2010, con el voto favorable de los entonces consejeros del ofi-cialismo, diputados radicales y del representante de los académicos en el cuerpo. La iniciativa de Kunkel fue acompañada por su colega de bancada Diana Conti y los también oficialistas senado-res Nicolás Fernández y Marcelo Fuentes. Desde la UCR lo votaron a favor Er-nesto Sanz y Oscar Aguad, al igual que el académico Mariano Candiotti, el en-tonces secretario de Justicia Héctor Masquelet y el abo-gado Pablo Mosca. La pos-tura negativa corrió por cuen-ta de quienes representaban a los jueces, Manuel Gálvez y Luis María Cabral.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • ULTIMA HORA.COM (PY) • POLÍTICA • 7/7/2011
Unace pierde el juicio por bancas en Cámara Baja El Tribunal Superior de Jus-ticia Electoral rechazó por improcedente la demanda presentada por el Partido Unace, que pide la devoluci-ón de las bancas, en la Cáma-ra de Diputados, ocupadas por Óscar Tuma, Víctor Yambay y Artemio Barri-os.Los tres diputados, que fueron electos por el Unace, pasaron al Partido Colorado y actualmente forman filas en el movimiento liderado por el político y empresario Hora-cio Cartes. El partido liderado por Lino Oviedo sigue sufriendo bajas
en sus filas, en diferentes puntos del país. Muchos diri-gentes del interior pasaron al Partido Colorado y ahora Unace intentó una batalla judicial para recuperar las tres bancas en Diputados y sufrió la derrota, con lo cual, definitivamente, pierde di-chos cargos. El TSJE informó ayer que dará a conocer la resolución, oficialmente, esta mañana, aunque el sentido de la reso-lución ya fue divulgado por adelantado por el beneficia-do, el diputado Óscar Tuma.
Unace se sustenta en la tesis de que las bancas son del partido; pero la costumbre se impuso; en el sentido de que las bancas son de las perso-nas que las ocupan, según el adelanto de la información. El TSJE ya había resuelto un problema sobre una banca en la Cámara de Senadores, en el caso de Alberto Grillón. Sin embargo, en este caso, fue el mismo Grillón, del Partido Democrático Progre-sista, que pidió al Tribunal que regularice su proclama-ción de haber sido electo en el 2008. Este tema tuvo un
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razonamiento distinto, por-que se trató de una sentencia declarativa. En el caso de los tres diputa-dos citados, los tres miem-bros del TSJE, Alberto Ra-mírez Zambonini, Juan Ma-nuel Morales y Modesto Monges redactaron sus votos. Los diferentes fundamentos terminaron, al final, en una misma conclusión: "Recha-zar por improcedente" la demanda. El TSJE consideró que el cambio de una afiliación de un diputado no constituye motivos para la pérdida de investidura del que fue electo para ejercer ese cargo. Así había dictaminado la fiscala electoral de la capital Norma Cristaldo, según consta en el expediente. La resolución se conocerá hoy.
TUMA DENUNCIARÁ PRESIÓN DE MINIS-TROS El diputado Óscar Tuma dijo que dos ministros de la Cor-te Suprema de Justicia pre-sionaron al Tribunal Superior de Justicia Electoral para que dicte el fallo a favor del Par-tido Unace. Tuma dijo que dará los nom-bres de los ministros en la sesión de la Cámara de Dipu-tados, de la fecha, y que por eso no podía divulgar ayer. "Dos ministros de la Corte presionaron para que el fallo salga a favor de Unace. Voy a dar nombre y apellido en la sesión de la Cámara Baja", anunció. Según Tuma, el TSJE recha-zó la demanda del Partido Unace por unanimidad. Así
adelantó la información en su cuenta de twiter (internet). Otra fuente divulgó la versi-ón de que la resolución salió por mayoría: Ramírez Zam-bonini y Juan Manuel Mora-les votaron en un sentido y Modesto Monges en otro. Lo cierto es que la información, por ahora confirmada, es que el TSJE rechazó "por impro-cedente" la demanda del U-nace y que, en último caso, el variable sería que la funda-mentación de Monges se diferencia de la de sus cole-gas, pero que, al final, la conclusión es la misma. Al Partido Unace solo le queda la vía de la inconsti-tucionalidad si pretende continuar la batalla judicial.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • ULTIMA HORA.COM (PY) • POLÍTICA • 7/7/2011
López Perito dice que título de finca de Favero tiene duda legal
El jefe de Gabinete del Eje-cutivo sostuvo ayer que el Poder Judicial deberá resol-ver sobre la situación del título de una finca del empre-sario Tranquilo Favero. A-firmó que en este caso se hará respetar la ley. Miguel López Perito, jefe de Gabinete del Poder Ejecuti-vo, dijo ayer, en forma cate-górica, que "si hay colonos brasileños en tierras que no corresponden, así hayan sido engañados en su buena fe, se va a cumplir la ley". De esta manera, el represen-tante del Ejecutivo sentó pos-
tura sobre el conflicto por la invasión de tierras de colonos brasileños, entre ellos, los del empresario sojero Tranquilo Favero, en la zona de Ñacunday (Alto Paraná). López Perito expuso sobre el análisis del caso que hicieron ayer en una reunión en el Palacio con fiscales, autori-dades municipales y judicia-les, de entes públicos y diri-gentes de organizaciones que reclaman presuntos exceden-tes en dicha localidad altopa-ranaense. Indicó que, en la jornada de ayer, donde no participaron
representantes de productores brasiguayos afectados, surgió que hay una situación de prejudicialidad, a partir de las dudas existentes sobre el título de la finca 4036, de Tranquilo Favero, que debe ser investigada. "Se requiere culminar la mensura judicial y sobre esa base recién se puede definir cuál es efectivamente el lími-te de la tierra que reclaman los propietarios o supuestos propietarios. Eso va a resol-ver el Poder Judicial en la brevedad posible. Se están
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haciendo los trámites para eso", recalcó. Apuntó que el problema está en una parte de las tierras que justamente no corresponden a la propiedad. Subrayó que en este caso estaban hablan-do exclusivamente sobre la finca 4036, que es reclamada por Favero. Insistió que la primera medi-da necesaria es que el Poder Judicial dictamine sobre la legalidad de los títulos y el excedente de las tierras re-clamadas como tales. "En segundo lugar, hubo un compromiso también de par-te de la Fiscalía reconociendo que hay necesidad de forma-lizar un incidente de prejudi-cialidad, a partir de que no es judicializable el tema si es que estas tierras son públi-cas", agregó. A LA DEFENSIVA. En otro momento, López Perito ase-guró que en este caso de la
finca 4036 "no hay absolu-tamente ninguna actitud del Ejecutivo de propiciar una invasión ni nada por el estilo, sino muy por el contrario". "Acá lo que hubo es la vo-luntad, la iniciativa y la com-petencia para convocar a las instituciones que tienen la capacidad jurisdiccional para resolver este problema, para buscar un entendimiento y buscar la pacificación; eso es lo que se va a hacer", senten-ció. López Perito señaló "si en este caso hay colonos brasileños en tierras que no corresponden, así hayan sido engañados en su buena fe, acá se va a cumplir la ley, la ley está por encima de lo que opine cualquier persona, gru-po o país". DEFIENDE A LEDESMA Miguel López Perito calificó de falsas las versiones que señalan que el gobernador de
San Pedro José "Pakova" Ledesma y el senador de Tekojoja Sixto Pereira sean los responsables de incitar a los campesinos a invadir las tierras en Ñacunday. "En este caso les puedo decir que es absolutamente falso. Acá no hay incitación, ni siquiera se puede hablar de invasión hasta tanto el Poder Judicial diga a quién corres-ponde la propiedad", recalcó. Insistió en que tanto la de-nuncia contra Ledesma en este, como también en otros casos, son falsas. Dijo que se deben arrimar pruebas del hecho y que no se trata "de una campaña de gente interesada en mostrar que supuestamente el Gobi-erno está conspirando contra intereses de inversores ex-tranjeros".
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • ULTIMA HORA.COM (PY) • PAÍS • 7/7/2011
Fiscalía apoyará clausura de edificios El desacato de las medidas de clausura de edificios y locales que no cuentan con sistema de Prevención Con-tra Incendio (PCI), dictadas por la Municipalidad de A-sunción, dará pie a un proce-so judicial contra sus propie-tarios.Tal es el anuncio reali-zado ayer por el intendente capitalino Arnaldo Samanie-go tras la reunión mantenida con el fiscal general del Es-tado, Rubén Candia Amaril-la.
Los locales de Falcón Teji-dos, Hotel Preciado, Hotel Manduarã, Colón I, Residen-cial Ipiranga y Shopping To-tal, que tienen orden de cese de actividades, en la víspera estuvieron abiertos, lo cual evidencia la falta de fuerza del municipio para que se dé cumplimiento a sus disposi-ciones. Samaniego, quien estuvo acompañado de sus principa-les colaboradores y los con-cejales Elvio Segovia y Ya-
mil Esgaib, insistió en que en los procesos tendientes a clausurar edificaciones inse-guras, contarán con el apoyo de la Fiscalía y de la Corte Suprema de Justicia. "Los que desacaten las exi-gencias que hace la Munici-palidad de Asunción en el marco del cumplimiento de normativas vigentes sobre equipamientos contra incen-dios y siniestros, se expon-drán a un proceso judicial a ser impulsado por el Ministe-
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rio Público", insistió el in-tendente. Aclaró que ambas institucio-nes realizarán un trabajo co-ordinado a la hora de efecti-vizar las intervenciones en construcciones que transgre-dan la legislación comunal, lo que podría darse de mane-ra indistinta con la presencia de fiscales en las mismas o con la remisión de documen-taciones al Ministerio Públi-co. Sostuvo que para ello instala-rán mesas interinstitucionales que se encargarán de atender cada una de las medidas que vayan a ser impulsadas en el futuro inmediato.
ANUNCIO. El intendente Arnaldo Samaniego señaló en la ocasión que en los pró-ximos días se estará dando a conoce el nombre de otros edificios que serán clausura-dos por carecer de sistema PCI y exponer al riesgo a gran cantidad de personas. Hasta el momento, el muni-cipio asunceno ordenó el cierre de 6 edificios y 6 loca-les nocturnos, entre ellos Flow, Richard s, Brunetto, Mister John s, María Delirio y Denis Pub, todos ubicados en la zona de Villa Morra. HARÁN ADECUACIÓN DE SISTEMAS PCI Merced a una minuta presen-tada por la concejal Karina
Rodríguez, se buscará adecu-ar todo lo relacionado al sis-tema de Prevención Contra Incendio (PCI) a través de una comisión Ad-Hoc. Uno de los principales obje-tivos es el de elaborar un plan de fortalecimiento del Departamento de PCI del municipio, así como su cor-respondiente presupuesto para el próximo año. También se evaluará una ampliación presupuestaria del periodo 2011 para esta dependencia a fin de dotarla de vehículos, equipos infor-máticos e indumentarias ade-cuadas.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • ULTIMA HORA.COM (PY) • PAÍS • 7/7/2011
Cruz Roja espera recaudar 3 veces más que en 2010
Hoy se celebra la tradicional Fiesta de la Banderita, una colecta nacional con la cual la Cruz Roja Paraguaya solventa sus obras. En esta edición, la organización tiene como meta recaudar tres veces más que el año pasado.
Apostados con sus alcancías en las principales calles y puntos estratégicos del país, más de 400 voluntarios de la Cruz Roja Paraguaya serán hoy el rostro visible de la ya tradicional Fiesta de la Ban-derita, una colecta de carác-ter nacional con la que esta fundación solventa gran parte de sus obras sociales en el país.
Este año la meta es mucho más ambiciosa que en anteri-ores ocasiones, ya que la organización se propone re-caudar 1.000 millones de
guaraníes, tres veces más de lo que logró reunir el año pasado, cuando la solidaridad ciudadana se tradujo en una ayuda monetaria de 247 mil-lones de guaraníes, cifra que a su vez duplicó a la del año 2009.
En Asunción y Gran Asunci-ón, los voluntarios estarán con las alcancías en los se-máforos de las principales calles, en las oficinas públi-cas y privadas, shoppings y otros puntos estratégicos. La jornada solidaria se iniciará a
las 8.00 y se extenderá hasta las 19.30.
HOSPITAL REINA SOFÍA. La recaudación obtenida en la Fiesta de la Banderita, así como toda la ayuda nacional e internacional que recibe la Cruz Roja Paraguaya tiene auditoría interna y externa anual. El dinero es destinado a los proyectos y servicios sociales que la Cruz Roja desarrolla a través del Hospi-tal Materno Infantil Reina Sofía, el Hogar de Niñas y la Dirección de Voluntariado de Juventud y Socorro.
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La infraestructura y los ser-vicios del Hospital Reina Sofía siguen siendo el aporte más grande que la Cruz Roja brinda a la comunidad para-guaya en el sector salud. Solo el año pasado, este hospital absorbió un costo de casi 518 millones de guaraníes en concepto de exoneración y descuento de servicios hospi-talarios a los pacientes, así como de medicamentos, se-gún un reporte de la organi-zación.
Durante todo el 2010, este centro asistencial atendió a 38.595 personas en consultas servicios Prenatal, Pediatría,
Ginecología, Clínica Médica y otras especialidades. Allí nacieron, además, en ese año, 2.873 paraguayos, 1.198 en parto normal y 1.675 en cesá-rea.
Según los datos de la Cruz Roja, 11.869 pacientes utili-zaron los servicios de Labo-ratorio, 2.254 acudieron al Banco de Sangre, 4.405 se realizaron ecografías y moni-toreos y 3.106 fueron atendi-dos en el área de Odontolo-gía.
Específicamente, con la re-caudación del 2010, el hospi-tal cubrió el servicio de
63.646 usuarios y fueron hospitalizados 3.951 pacien-tes. Atendió 2.359 nacimien-tos y asistió a 458 recién na-cidos prematuros.
La recaudación de la Fiesta de la Banderita también se destina a la Dirección de Desarrollo, que trabaja en el mantenimiento y desarrollo de la guardería infantil Nº 227 Santa Ana, la escuela de cocina Santa Ana, el hogar maternal Andrés Gubetich y la escuela de panadería Pan & Amor.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • ABC COLOR (PY) • POLÍTICA • 7/7/2011
Aguinagalde instruye a la Corte sobre trato a jueces El gobernador del Alto Paraná, Nelson Aguinagalde, en una clara injerencia en el Poder Judicial, respaldó a los magistrados del Alto Paraná suspendidos por mala actuación. A través de una nota dio instrucciones a los ministros de la Corte sobre cómo deben proce-der con los magistrados. CIUDAD DEL ESTE (Fer-mín Jara, de nuestra redacci-ón regional). Una carta de dos páginas, con membrete de la Gobernación del Alto Paraná, fue enviada al presi-dente de la Corte Suprema de Justicia, el ministro Luis María Benítez Riera, y a los otros integrantes del máximo tribunal de nuestro país el pasado 4 de julio, por el go-bernador Nelson Aguinagal-de.
En la misma, señala su “pre-ocupación” por los hechos que se vienen suscitando en la administración de justicia
con la suspensión de varios jueces por mala actuación.
A renglón seguido, el gober-nador colorado cartista dicta cátedra a los miembros de la Corte sobre procedimiento judicial indicando que “den-tro de un procedimiento judi-cial cualquiera sea su natura-leza o fuero, necesariamente se establece el requisito es-pecial del juez natural. Así tenemos los principios bási-cos del debido proceso con-sagrado en la Constitución Nacional”, dice una parte del escrito.
En los siguientes párrafos el gobernador sigue dando ins-trucciones sobre cuestiones netamente jurídicas, sacando a relucir lo que el denomina “juez natural” que “es la ga-rantía que posee toda persona a ser juzgada por un tribunal constituido con anterioridad a la ocurrencia del hecho delictual o generador del reclamo ante los estrados judiciales”.
Finalmente dice que brinda su apoyo a todos los magis-trados de la Circunscripción Judicial del Alto Paraná y Canindeyú “pues los mismos deben gozar plenamente de
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todos los derechos y atribu-ciones que la ley le confiere siendo solamente estos sus únicos patrones a quienes deben obedecer”.
Entre los jueces a los que el gobernador da su respaldo están Raúl Insaurralde y Norma Gamarra de Martínez. El primer magistrado citado, junto a la fiscala Juliana Gi-ménez, fallaron a favor de Jordán Peralta, asesor del gobernador, en un proceso de usurpación de función públi-ca. Este es quien manejaría los negociados en la Gober-nación.
Mientras la jueza Norma Gamarra de Martínez viene dilatando en forma grosera y
aplicando las disposiciones legales a su antojo para evitar que Aguinagalde sea juzgado por lesión de confianza en un negociado de G. 3 mil millo-nes en la construcción de aulas y en la entrega a ali-mentos inservibles a escola-res.
Ambos procesos están en el juzgado a cargo de Gamarra de Martínez.
Ocho suspendidos
La Corte Suprema de Justi-cia, en su última sesión de junio, decidió suspender a ocho magistrados de la cir-cunscripción judicial de Alto Paraná y Canindeyú.
Todo el tema se originó con una denuncia de la ministra de Salud, Esperanza Martí-nez, quien entregó al titular de la Corte, Luis María Bení-tez Riera, una lista de jueces que ordenaron a la Dirección de Vigilancia Sanitaria a ex-pedir certificado fitosanitario a los productos importados por las empresas accionantes.
Los suspendidos son: Daniel Colmán, Cantalicio Avalos, Raúl Insaurralde, Manuel Saifildin Stanley, Ana Arrél-laga, César Nider Centurión, Sergio Rodríguez y Wilfrido Velázquez.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • ABC COLOR (PY) • POLÍTICA • 7/7/2011
Reclamo de bancas que hizo Oviedo es rechazado La Justicia Electoral rechazó la tarde de ayer la demanda planteada por el oviedismo, que reclama las bancas de los tres diputados que renuncia-ron al partido. La resolución será dada a conocer esta mañana. Modesto Monges, miembro oviedista del Tri-bunal, dijo que en todo caso la cuestión de las bancas de-be ser resuelta por las cáma-ras. En fallo dividido el Tribunal Superior de Justicia Electoral rechazó la tarde de ayer la demanda promovida por el oviedismo, que reclama las bancas de los diputados Ós-car Tuma, Víctor Yambay y Artemio Barrios, quienes hace un mes renunciaron a
Unace y pasaron a filas de la ANR. Juan Manuel Morales y Al-berto Ramírez Zambonini votaron por el rechazo. Mo-desto Monges, el miembro oviedista del Tribunal, no votó en contra pero tampoco a favor. Se limitó a hacer una declaración explicativa, casi didáctica, del caso. La resolución será dada a conocer oficialmente en una conferencia de prensa que sería convocada a mediamañana. En la Justicia Electoral en la tarde de ayer no quisieron hacer mayores declaraciones sobre el tema. Se limitaron a indicar que el expediente estaba siendo procesado.
De acuerdo con las informa-ciones, Ramírez y Morales optaron por no referirse a la discusión sobre la posesión de las bancas, sino que sim-plemente rechazaron el re-clamo atendiendo que se pide sacar del cargo a los legisla-dores a través de la pérdida de la investidura. Sin embargo, el artículo 201 de la Constitución establece claramente cuáles son las causales de pérdida de inves-tidura y en ella no figura la renuncia a un partido como motivo para que un parla-mentario pierda el cargo. Monges sostiene que la de-manda planteada no puede ser resuelta por la Justicia Electoral porque esta no tiene
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competencia para determinar la pérdida de investidura. Sostiene que en todo caso esa
facultad corresponde a las Cámaras que son jueces de sus miembros y los que de-
ben determinar si es pertinen-te su remoción.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • ABC COLOR (PY) • POLÍTICA • 7/7/2011
Franco respalda planteo de reforma constitucional El vicepresidente Federico Franco dijo ayer que le parecía acertada la propuesta de una reforma constitucional que presentará el PLRA el próximo domingo para estudiar la ree-lección y otros temas. Reiteró que no corresponde incluir la reelección vía enmienda constitucional. El vicepresidente, tras reunir-se con el presidente del Se-nado, Jorge Oviedo Matto, en su calidad de enlace entre el Ejecutivo y el Congreso, dijo que la propuesta de una re-forma constitucional en el 2013 le parecía “perfecta”. Apuntó que se había perdido ya la oportunidad de realizar antes dicha reforma. Indicó que se oponía a la inclusión de la reelección presidencial en la Carta Magna por vía de la enmien-da y que hacerlo por vía de la reforma era “razonable y saludable”. Al respecto, expresó su espe-ranza de que en el periodo que se inaugure el 15 de a-gosto de 2013 se llame a una reforma constitucional y se
incluya no solamente la ree-lección presidencial sino también el balotaje o segunda vuelta electoral. Franco indicó que también era deseable que en cuanto al Poder Judicial exista una reforma así como también en otros temas sobre los cuales haya un amplio consenso político. En ese sentido, dijo que en todos los casos se requería siempre que los parlamenta-rios de todos los partidos políticos lleguen a ese con-senso para poder llevar ade-lante la reforma de la Consti-tución Nacional. Préstamos Durante su reunión con Ovi-edo Matto, el vicepresidente Franco abogó por la aproba-
ción de varios proyectos de préstamos pendientes, entre ellos uno de US$ 10 millones del BIRF para el sistema de agua potable, otro de US$ 47 millones para el mejoramien-to del microcentro de Asun-ción y otro de US$ 78 millo-nes para el sistema de trans-porte de gran capacidad, has-ta el puerto de Asunción. Mencionó también un crédito de US$ 100 millones para la línea de 500 kV, US$ 10 millones para la Secretaría de Turismo y varias donaciones, entre ellas una de US$ 40 millones de la cooperación española para la construcción del acueducto en el Chaco.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • ABC COLOR (PY) • POLÍTICA • 7/7/2011
López Perito habla ya de adulteración de documentos El jefe de Gabinete de la Pre-sidencia de la República, Miguel López Perito, ya se adelantó ayer en afirmar que en el caso de la finca 4036, propiedad de Tranquilo Fa-vero y que actualmente sufre la invasión por supuestos campesinos sin tierra, existen adulteraciones de los docu-mentos originales.López Pe-rito encabezó ayer una reuni-ón en el Palacio de López, a la que fueron invitados repre-sentantes de varias entidades públicas y líderes campesi-nos que hoy ocupan las pro-piedades de los colonos brasileños en Ñacunday, Alto Paraná, entre ellas, la de Fa-vero. Luego del encuentro, que duró como tres horas, López Perito fue abordado por los periodistas y reconoció que el tema de las invasiones en
el Este del país es bastante complejo. Añadió que la situación actu-al debe involucrar la partici-pación principalmente del sector judicial, por lo que fue invitada a participar de la reunión la propia ministra de la Corte Suprema, Gladys Esther Bareiro. En ese aspec-to, López Perito señaló que la cuestión de las invasiones cae directamente en el ámbi-to judicial. A criterio del funcionario, actualmente hay contraposi-ción en las mensuras judicia-les hechas, por lo que asegu-ró que el Poder Judicial estará haciendo una investi-gación “a fondo” para deter-minar cuál de las mensuras es la que debe respetarse. “Si hay colonos brasileños en tierras que no corresponden, no pueden permanecer esos colonos en esas tierras, así
hayan sido engañados en su buena fe. La ley está por en-cima de lo que pueda opinar cualquier persona, grupo o país, aquí hay un tema que es de soberanía nacional y se va a hacer respetar la ley”, ex-presó López Perito. Según el ministro-secretario, el Poder Ejecutivo está lejos de alentar estas invasiones. Afirmó que los comentarios que se hacen con respecto a la responsabilidad que tiene el gobierno proviene de gru-pos políticos y económicos que tienen sus intereses por marcar ese escenario desfa-vorable. Con respecto a Santa Rita, Naranjal y otras zonas del Alto Paraná, donde también existen invasiones, el funcio-nario se excusó de opinar debido a que no tenía un co-nocimiento acabado de esos casos, según aseguró.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • ABC COLOR (PY) • OPINIÓN • 7/7/2011
Entre luguistas y antiluguistas [email protected] De un tiempo a esta parte, dirigentes de diversos secto-res políticos utilizan el califi-cativo de “luguista” para denostar a sus adversarios. Sucede particularmente en el Partido Colorado. La intenci-ón, consciente o no, parecería ser la de reducir la discusión política con vistas a las elec-ciones del 2013 a tomar pos-
tura en contra o a favor del actual gobierno. Como si todo consistiera en eso o co-mo si no tuvieran nada que proponer. Hay quienes quieren asimilar la situación del Paraguay a la que se da en otros países, como Venezuela o Bolivia, a pesar de que las condiciones no se parecen en casi nada.
Después del golpe de 1989, hubo varios intentos en nues-tro país de copamiento del poder y manejo arbitrario de sus instituciones. El más vi-sible fue durante la gestión de Duarte Frutos, que por un lapso logró el manejo de la Corte, con la inclusión de varios ministros elegidos “a dedo” y también el manejo parcial del Poder Legislativo,
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con alianzas políticas coyun-turales con sectores de la oposición. El intento terminó cuando, justamente, quiso dar un paso más adelante, a través de su reelección, que motivó una gran reacción ciudadana y de los partidos políticos. En cierta forma, esto propició después la caí-da del Partido Colorado. Las condiciones actuales para repetir un intento similar no parecen muy propicias para el Ejecutivo. La reelec-ción es más una expresión de deseos que una posibilidad real. El Poder Legislativo y
el Poder Judicial están muy lejos de responder al oficia-lismo. Esto lleva a pensar que la verdadera intención de los que quieren agitar un “anti-luguismo” como discurso político para volver al poder en el 2013 es otra. ¿Qué proponen estos dirigen-tes? ¿Han hecho algún tipo de autocrítica sobre los moti-vos de aquella derrota electo-ral? ¿Se trató simplemente de una cuestión de traiciones internas? ¿Qué proponen? ¿Volver a la situación anteri-or al 2008? ¿Estábamos me-
jor en aquel entonces? ¿Éra-mos felices y no lo sabía-mos? Si algunos quieren reducir el debate político al antagonis-mo entre luguistas y antilu-guistas, como alguna vez fue el de colorados y anticolora-dos, quiere decir que no he-mos aprendido absolutamen-te de los errores y que no hay propuestas ni programas que presentar. Simplemente “lí-deres” que serán candidatos y que, si ganan, permitirán a unos cuantos volver o llegar al poder para seguir igual que antes. Ojalá que no sea así.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • EDITORIALS, OP-ED AND LED • 7/7/2011
A Ceiling We Can’t Wish Away By LAURENCE H. TRIBE Cambridge, Mass. ON May 16, the United States hit its legal debt limit of $14.3 tril-lion. Unless that limit is rai-sed, the Treasury will, on Aug. 2, be unable to pay its bills. It will then have to ei-ther stop spending money on government programs, or default on paying the nati-on’s creditors. The White House and Con-gressional Republicans agree in principle that the debt cei-ling needs to be raised, but they are at an impasse on how to constrain the deficit’s rapid growth. Meanwhile, some people have theorized that there’s a way to get a-round the debt limit. Several law professors and senators, and even Treasury Secretary Timothy F. Geith-ner, have suggested that sec-
tion 4 of the 14th amend-ment, known as the public debt clause, might provide a silver bullet. This provision states that “the validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law ... shall not be questioned.” They argue that the public debt clause is sufficient to nullify the ceiling — or can be used to permit the presi-dent to borrow money wi-thout regard to the ceiling. Both approaches provide the false hope of a legal answer that obviates the need for a real solution. The Supreme Court has addressed the public debt clause only once, in 1935, in the case of Perry v. United States. The court observed only that the clause confir-med the “fundamental prin-ciple” that Congress may not
“alter or destroy” debts alre-ady incurred. Some have argued that this principle prohibits any go-vernment action that “jeo-pardizes” the validity of the public debt. By increasing the risk of default, they con-tend, any debt ceiling auto-matically violates the public debt clause. This argument goes too far. It would mean that any budget deficit, tax cut or spending increase could be attacked on Constitutional grounds, be-cause each of those actions slightly increases the proba-bility of default. Moreover, the argument is self-defeating. If it were correct, the absence of a debt ceiling could likewise be attacked as unConstitutional — after all, the greater the nation’s debt, the greater the difficulty of
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repaying it, and the higher the probability of default. Other proponents of a Cons-titutional deus ex machina have offered a more modest interpretation of the public debt clause, under which only actual default (as oppo-sed to any action that merely increases the risk of default) is impermissible. This inter-pretation makes more sense. But advocates of the Consti-tutional solution err in their next step: arguing that, be-cause default would be un-Constitutional, President Obama may violate the statu-tory debt ceiling to prevent it. The Constitution grants only Congress — not the president — the power “to borrow mo-ney on the credit of the Uni-ted States.” Nothing in the 14th amendment or in any other Constitutional provi-sion suggests that the presi-dent may usurp legislative power to prevent a violation of the Constitution. Moreo-ver, it is well established that the president’s power drops to what Justice Robert H. Jackson called its “lowest ebb” when exercised against the express will of Congress. Worse, the argument that the president may do whatever is necessary to avoid default has no logical stopping point. In theory, Congress could
pay debts not only by borro-wing more money, but also by exercising its powers to impose taxes, to coin money or to sell federal property. If the president could usurp the congressional power to bor-row, what would stop him from taking over all these other powers, as well? So the arguments for igno-ring the debt ceiling are un-persuasive. But even if they were persuasive, they would not resolve the crisis. Once the debt ceiling is breached, a legal cloud would hang over any newly issued bonds, be-cause of the risk that the go-vernment might refuse to honor those debts as legiti-mate. This risk, in turn, would result in a steep incre-ase in interest rates because investors would lose confi-dence — a fiscal disaster that would cost the nation tens of billions of dollars. Although an authoritative judicial declaration authori-zing borrowing above the debt ceiling might alleviate investors’ fears, obtaining such a declaration is no easy task. Only someone who has suffered a “particularized” harm — not one shared with the public at large — is enti-tled to sue. It would be diffi-cult to conjure up a plaintiff who has suffered such speci-
fic harm from an issuance of debt beyond the ceiling. And even if such a plaintiff could be found, increased interest rates would have already inflicted terrible damage by the time the Supreme Court ruled on the matter. A core function of the Cons-titution is to “force us into a conversation” about our futu-re, Mr. Obama once wrote. Sometimes, it does this by establishing principles citi-zens can invoke when they believe the government has overreached. At other times, it does so by directing us back to the political drawing board. It is this second message the Constitution is sending at this moment. As Justice John Marshall Harlan II prescien-tly warned, “the Constituti-on is not a panacea for every blot upon the public welfa-re.” Only political courage and compromise, coupled with adherence to traditions that call upon Congress to fulfill its unique Constituti-onal duty, can avert an im-pending crisis. Laurence H. Tribe, a profes-sor of Constitutional Law at Harvard, is the author, most recently, of “The Invisible Constitution.”
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • EDITORIALS, OP-ED AND LED • 7/7/2011
Negotiating on a Knife’s Edge Every fresh report of “pro-gress” on the debt-ceiling talks produces new reasons to feel profoundly uneasy. The talks were misbegotten from the beginning, made necessary only by the irres-ponsible refusal of Republi-cans to pay the nation’s bills unless they got everything their way on government spending and taxes. President Obama had to deal with them to prevent an economic col-lapse, but he should have sought the most minimal way possible to get out of their headlock with the govern-ment’s crucial functions in-tact. Instead, he seems to have embraced this illegitimate process — rooted in the false and dangerous premise that the nation’s budget problems are entirely a matter of o-verspending on the needy and not of undertaxing the rich. Now he is trying to ex-pand it to reach a grand agre-ement to cut the deficit by as much as $4 trillion over 10 years, twice as much as dis-cussed in the first round of talks. As The Times reported on Thursday, the president is considering proposals to cut spending on Medicare, Me-dicaid and even Social Secu-rity, along with huge cuts in discretionary programs, in exchange for a wholesale revision of the tax code to remove many deductions and change many rates. He appa-
rently thinks he can impress independent voters by appea-ring to rise above partisan-ship with a brokered deal. But as much as he may not want to recognize it, Mr. Obama lives in a hyperparti-san time, in which his politi-cal opponents have long ma-de it clear that they intend to give him no ground. Unless he can find a way to use the agreement to boost employ-ment — a far more pressing problem than the short-term deficit — his arbitration is unlikely to do him much go-od at the polls. These vast changes are being discussed behind closed do-ors — even rank-and-file members of Congress have little idea what is happening — and on a very tight dead-line. After an hour or so of talks on Thursday, the presi-dent said he wants Congres-sional leaders back in the White House on Sunday with their bottom-line offers. Three whole days to rethink the nation’s fundamental entitlement programs and the labyrinthine tax code, with the winds of default begin-ning to howl outside the window? The circumstances could not be worse for deve-loping a sensible long-term economic policy. It is already clear that the Republicans have succeeded spectacularly in their insis-tence that the agreement be mostly about spending cuts rather than building back the
money lost from the Bush tax cuts that was the principal cause of the deficit. Mr. O-bama has said there will have to be some revenue increa-ses, but Republicans are in an antitax straightjacket and have defined the term so nar-rowly that cuts are likely to outweigh increases by a fac-tor of three or four to one. Even that may not be enough for the hardest-line Republi-cans, many of whom have already vowed to vote aga-inst any such deal. Demo-crats, meanwhile, are starting to bridle at the impending cuts, and several have said they cannot support an unba-lanced package that demands sacrifices from the poor and middle class but not the rich. A fragile agreement based on blinkered ideology and poli-tical ambition could easily fail, and the resulting default and credit-market chaos would probably create ano-ther recession. Under those circumstances, Mr. Obama might want to consider the advice of several Constitutional scholars who say Congress may not be able to put the government in default by refusing to raise the debt limit because the 14th amendment says the public debt cannot be questi-oned. We have long thought it was folly to have a debt limit con-trolled by Congress because it was dangerous, not on Constitutional grounds. Su-
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ch a declaration by the presi-dent would probably lead to litigation or even attempts at impeachment, and could cre-ate years of unanticipated legal and financial problems.
It might require that bon-dholders be paid off before spending obligations are met. But if Republicans kill a deal because it raises a dime of revenue, or if Democrats will
not support it because it leans too heavily on the less fortu-nate, then the Constitutional option may look better than the recession option.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • THE FRONT PAGE • 7/7/2011
As Wall St. Polices Itself, Prosecutors Use Softer Approach By GRETCHEN MOR-GENSON and LOUISE STORY As the financial storm bre-wed in the summer of 2008 and institutions feared for their survival, a bit of good news bubbled through large banks and the law firms that defend them. Federal prosecutors officially adopted new guidelines a-bout charging corporations with crimes — a softer ap-proach that, longtime white-collar lawyers and former federal prosecutors say, helps explain the dearth of criminal cases despite a raft of inqui-ries into the financial crisis. Though little noticed outside legal circles, the guidelines were welcomed by firms representing banks. The Jus-tice Department’s directive, involving a process known as deferred prosecutions, signa-led “an important step away from the more aggressive prosecutorial practices seen in some cases under their predecessors,” Sullivan & Cromwell, a prominent Wall Street law firm, told clients in a memo that September. The guidelines left open a possibility other than guilty
or not guilty, giving leniency often if companies investiga-ted and reported their own wrongdoing. In return, the government could enter into agreements to delay or cancel the prosecution if the compa-nies promised to change their behavior. But this approach, critics maintain, runs the risk of letting companies off too easily. “If you do not punish crimes, there’s really no reason they won’t happen again,” said Mary Ramirez, a professor at Washburn University School of Law and a former assistant United States attorney. “I worry and so do a lot of eco-nomists that we have created no disincentives for commit-ting fraud or white-collar crime, in particular in the financial space.” While “deferred prosecution agreements” were used befo-re the financial crisis, the Justice Department made them an official alternative in 2008, according to the Sulli-van & Cromwell note. It is among a number of signs, white-collar crime experts say, that the govern-
ment seems to be taking a gentler approach. The Securities and Exchange Commission also added de-ferred prosecution as a tool last year and has embraced another alternative to litigati-on — reports that chronicle wrongdoing at institutions like Moody’s Investors Ser-vice, often without punishing anyone. The financial crisis cases brought by the S.E.C. — like a recent settlement with JPMorgan Chase for selling a mortgage security that soured — have rarely named executives as defen-dants. Defending the department’s approach, Alisa Finelli, a spokeswoman, said deferred prosecution agreements re-quire that corporations pay penalties and restitution, cor-rect criminal conduct and “achieve these results wi-thout causing the loss of jobs, the loss of pensions and other significant negative consequences to innocent parties who played no role in the criminal conduct, were unaware of it or were unable to prevent it.” The department began pul-ling back from a more ag-
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gressive pursuit of white-collar crime around 2005, say defense lawyers and for-mer prosecutors, after the Supreme Court overturned a conviction it won against the accounting firm Arthur Andersen. That ended an era of brass-knuckle prosecuti-ons related to fraud at com-panies like Enron. Another example of this mo-re cautious prosecutorial stra-tegy: Government lawyers now go to companies earlier in an inquiry, and often tell companies to figure out whe-ther improper activities oc-curred. Then those compani-es hire law firms to investi-gate and report back to the government. The practice was criticized last year when the Justice Department struck a settlement with Beazer Homes USA, a home builder accused of mortgage fraud. This “outsourcing” of inves-tigations — as some lawyers call it — has led to increased coziness between the go-vernment and companies, some critics say. In banking, the collaboration is even stronger, dating to the mid-1990s when banks were asked to regularly report sus-picious activities to the Trea-sury Department, an effort that aimed at relieving regu-lators of some of their enfor-cement loads. But it gave regulators a false assurance that banks would spot and report all wrongdoing, for-mer investigators say. More-over, companies are not as likely to come forward with evidence related to senior executives or to widespread
patterns of misbehavior, so-me academics say. Intended to make the most of the government’s limited investigative resources, the government’s cooperation with corporations and indus-try groups can work well and save money when business hums along as usual. But some veterans of government prosecutions question such collaboration in financial crisis cases, and contend they should have been pursued more aggressively. “Traditionally, a bank would tell the Department of Justice when an employee engaged in crimes, but what do you do when the bank itself is run by a criminal enterprise?” said Solomon L. Wisenberg, former chief of the financial institutions fraud unit for the United States attorney in the Western District of Texas in the early 1990s. “You have to be able to investigate wi-thout just waiting for the bank to give you the referral. The people running the insti-tutions are not going to come to the D.O.J. and tell them about themselves.” Beazer Homes, based in Charlotte, N.C., became one of the nation’s 10 largest home builders in the 2000s — in large part because of mortgage lending options that attracted buyers. But its mortgage business eventually attracted prosecutors, too. In March 2007, the inspector general and officials of the Department of Housing and Urban Development began investigating claims that Be-azer had engaged in mortga-ge fraud, causing losses to
the Federal Housing Admi-nistration’s insurance fund that covered mortgages when buyers couldn’t pay. Investigators found that Bea-zer had been offering a lower mortgage rate if buyers paid an extra fee, but then not giving them the lower rate. And it was enticing home-owners by offering down payment assistance, but not disclosing that it then raised the price of the house by the same amount. The Beazer board’s audit committee hired the law firm of Alston & Bird to conduct an internal investigation. Documents supplied to Con-gress by HUD show that Jus-tice Department officials advised HUD investigators not to interview borrowers or former Beazer employees until Alston & Bird comple-ted its review. In April 2009, justice offici-als notified HUD that a de-ferred prosecution agreement with Beazer had been rea-ched — the sort of deal that Sullivan & Cromwell had celebrated in its client memo a year earlier — essentially shutting down the HUD in-vestigation. Beazer agreed to pay consu-mers and the government as much as $55 million under the deal. It also paid appro-ximately that amount to Als-ton & Bird, investigators found. While a member of the justice team told HUD that criminal proceedings would be forthcoming aga-inst individuals at Beazer, the documents show, there has been only one indictment: of Michael T. Rand, the com-
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pany’s former chief accoun-ting officer, whose trial is to begin this fall. A year after the settlement, Kenneth M. Donohue, the inspector general of HUD at the time, raised questions about its handling. He said he was disturbed by the interfe-rence by the Justice Depart-ment and its calls to stop pursuing Beazer executives so the deferred prosecution deal could be completed. “As a law enforcement official for over 40 years,” Mr. Do-nohue wrote in a letter to Eric H. Holder Jr., the attor-ney general, “I have never witnessed a like action in any of my varied dealings.” In a recent interview, Mr. Donohue, now a senior advi-ser at the Reznick Group, an accounting firm in Bethesda, Md., said of the Justice De-partment: “The most impor-tant point of this whole thing is the fact that they threate-ned the HUD office of the inspector general that we would not be allowed to go forward with our investigati-on of executives if we didn’t agree to their settlement.” David A. Brown, acting Uni-ted States attorney on the case, said: “What we do is work cooperatively as a team in conducting these investi-gations. We don’t tell agen-cies to stand down when they are working as part of the team.” He said that the inves-tigation was continuing, and that the Justice Department was proud of the deferred prosecution agreement and the restitution Beazer paid, which more than covered the
losses of the Federal Housing Administration fund. Beazer did not respond to an e-mail, and Alston & Bird did not return a call seeking comment. Ms. Finelli, the department’s spokeswoman, said that de-ferred or nonprosecution agreements had led to char-ges against individuals in many cases; of the 20 com-panies she cited, three were financial companies. But none were cases related to the financial crisis. Still, some lawyers applaud the closer relationship bet-ween the government and business. “Given the scanty resources that have been committed to corporate crime enforcement, I think the go-vernment’s leveraging of its prosecution power from cor-porations and their lawyers has been critically impor-tant,” said Daniel C. Rich-man, professor of law at Co-lumbia and a former assistant United States attorney in New York. But Professor Richman ad-ded that the government should have “a much more developed, funded and em-powered S.E.C., Federal Re-serve, E.P.A. and other agen-cies to do regulation, to do enforcement and feed cases where necessary to criminal prosecutors.” Changing Course The names have become sy-nonymous with corporate wrongdoing — and forceful prosecution: Not just Enron, but also WorldCom, Tyco, Adelphia, Rite Aid and Im-Clone. In the early part of the last decade, senior executives
at all these companies were convicted and imprisoned. But by 2005, a debate was growing over aggressive pro-secutions, as some business leaders had been criticizing the approach as perhaps too zealous. That May, Justice Depart-ment officials met ahead of a session with a cross-agency group called the Corporate Fraud Task Force. It was weeks after Justice Depart-ment lawyers had presented to the Supreme Court their case against Arthur Ander-sen, which was seeking — successfully, it would turn out — to overturn its crimi-nal fraud conviction in a prominent case. In the meeting, the deputy attorney general at the time, James B. Comey, posed questions that surprised some attendees, according to two people there who asked to remain anonymous because they were not supposed to discuss private meetings. Was American business be-ing hurt by the Justice De-partment’s investigations?, Mr. Comey asked, according to these two people, who said they thought the message had come from others. He cauti-oned colleagues to be res-ponsible. “It was a total re-trenchment,” one of the peo-ple said. “It was like we were going backwards.” Mr. Comey said recently that he did not recall this conver-sation. Around the same time, the Justice Department was de-veloping instructions on dea-ling with companies under investigation — particularly
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companies that work with the government. It issued a me-mo in 2003 that gave compa-nies more credit for coopera-ting than in the past. That message was reinforced in another memo in 2006. As the first memo put it, “it is entirely proper in many investigations for a prosecu-tor to consider the corporati-on’s pre-indictment conduct, e.g., voluntary disclosure, cooperation, remediation or restitution, in determining whether to seek an indict-ment.” During this period, the Justi-ce Department increased the use of deferred prosecutions or even nonprosecution agre-ements. Many well-known companies have benefited. In 2004, the American International Group, the giant insurer, paid $126 million when it entered a deferred prosecution agre-ement to settle investigations into claims that it had helped clients improperly burnish financial statements. Deals over accounting im-proprieties also were struck that year by Computer Asso-ciates International, a techno-logy company, and in 2005 by Bristol- Myers Squibb, a pharmaceutical concern. Prudential Financial entered into a deferred prosecution in 2006 over improper mutual fund trading. No such prosecution deals for large banks have yet ari-sen out of the financial crisis. Some bank analysts say they may be coming. The go-vernment may eventually strike one with Goldman Sachs, which it continues to
investigate for its mortgage securities dealings, Brad Hintz, a securities analyst at Sanford C. Bernstein & Company, wrote recently. “If an alleged violation is identi-fied during a Goldman inves-tigation, we expect a reaso-ned response from the Justice Department,” he added. Goldman Sachs declined to comment. The S.E.C. can also file de-ferred prosecutions, and it sometimes issues reports about wrongdoing in lieu of litigation. It has been increa-sing the number of reports it files, and is considering issu-ing one about misleading accounting at Lehman Bro-thers, Bloomberg News has reported. The S.E.C. did so-mething similar last year to resolve a credit ratings inves-tigation of Moody’s Inves-tors Service. The reports from the commission are intended to give companies guidance on appropriate practices. Such results provide brag-ging rights among corporate defense lawyers, according to longtime observers of the legal system. “The corporate crime defense bar has this down to a scien-ce,” said Russell Mokhiber, the editor of Corporate Crime Reporter, a publication that tracks prosecutions. “I inter-view them all the time, and they boast about how they’ve gamed the system.” Industry Advantage Even as companies cooperate with the government, they also work closely with one another, creating industrywi-de strategies in response to
investigations. Legal repre-sentatives for Goldman Sa-chs, Morgan Stanley, JP-Morgan Chase and others talk regularly about what they hear from the govern-ment, according to lawyers in the industry. They have long held these conversations — known as joint-defense calls — but given the increased cooperation of the govern-ment with companies, law-yers can exchange more in-formation. Goldman’s recent battle aga-inst the S.E.C. — in which it agreed to pay $550 million to settle claims that it had mis-led investors in a mortgage security it sold — was help-ful to other banks, according to one lawyer who participa-tes in these calls. On several occasions in 2009 and 2010, after Goldman and its law firm, Sullivan & Cromwell, visited the S.E.C., lawyers representing other banks re-ceived intelligence on the government’s areas of inte-rest. The result has often be-en that banks walk into pro-secutors’ offices well-prepared to rebut allegations. One assistant United States attorney, who requested a-nonymity because he is not allowed to speak with the news media, said many in-quiries had been tabled be-cause banks had such good answers. “They’ll hire a counsel who is experienced,” said the as-sistant attorney, who has direct knowledge of cases related to the financial crisis. “They often come in and make a presentation: ‘We’ve looked at this and this is how
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we see it.’ They’re often per-suasive.” Some defense lawyers say it is easier to make a persuasive case because prosecutors, having becoming more de-pendent on companies for investigative legwork, are less knowledgeable and thus less likely to counter with evidence they have uncove-red.
The process, in the end, is cloaked, some critics say. The Justice Department does not disclose any details about its decision-making in speci-fic cases, such as why it did not charge individuals at a company. “We will not get an explana-tion of why there haven’t been prosecutions; at best, we will get a reference back
to the Department of Justice manual that leaves the discre-tion to the prosecutors,” said Professor Ramirez of Wash-burn University. “The legal representatives will argue that since recoveries can be had by using civil measures, even private litigations, the-re’s no need to bring criminal measures. I disagree with that very much.”
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • NEW YORK • 7/7/2011
Amid Stacks of Paper, ‘E-Court’ Is Finally in Session By WILLIAM GLABER-SON The Manhattan courthouse is famous for its clean architec-tural lines and grand outdoor staircase leading to Foley Square. But inside is a Dic-kensian maze of dark wood and battered cabinets. And paper. Tons of paper. Piles, boxes, and rooms packed with summonses, exhibits and briefs. Enlarge This I-mage Hiroko Masuike/The New York TimesArchived files in the basement of the State Supreme Court in Manhattan, which is now moving toward a paperless future. Enlarge This Image Hiroko Masuike/The New York Times People waited to file docu-ments in Courtroom 130. So much paper. More than two million pieces in 80,000 new civil suits a year, with some 360,000 more files in the basement. Lawyers some-times use hand-trucks to wheel in new stacks of do-cuments.
“We’ve run out of space to put the paper,” said Edward M. Kvarantan, one of the court clerks, while at the next table another clerk sorted through the latest piles to arrive at the court, at 60 Cen-tre Street, where big civil suits are handled. When the file cabinets filled up, Mr. Kvarantan said, “we began to put the files on top of the cabinets, but it didn’t look very good.” The digital revolution has now, finally, and perhaps improbably, made it here to this courthouse, State Su-preme Court in Manhattan, whose staircase is featured so often on television that some people would not be faulted for thinking it is a stage set for “Law & Order.” The court is the setting for the first full “e-court” in the state and is part of efforts by more than a dozen court sys-tems nationally to move to-ward a paperless future that has come slowly to state courts, where old habits die
hard. (Federal courts, and much of the rest of the world, have been online for more than a decade.) For the past year, New York State has for the first time been requiring lawyers in about 6,000 cases dealing with commercial disputes in the Manhattan courthouse to “e-file” their cases over the Internet. Clerks and judges then process the documents from the first gripe, through the spiteful arguments and on to the final rulings, all the while providing full public access — and all, at least theoretically, paperlessly. Some courts in Westchester and Rockland Counties have followed Manhattan’s pilot project to require mandatory electronic filing over the last year. And last month the Le-gislature authorized a wide expansion of electronic courts to a broad array of civil cases and to courts in every borough and several upstate counties. New York
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is not yet handling criminal cases electronically. All of which has made this old-style court something of a pioneer. “We have momen-tum to really eliminate the paper,” said Jeffrey Carucci, the first deputy chief clerk of the Manhattan court. From his base in the Centre Street courthouse, Mr. Ca-rucci, 49, coordinates the statewide program to expand the electronic court to other courthouses. The whole pro-ject could be complete, he said, in 20 years. Having e-courts statewide, court offici-als say, will mean half a bil-lion fewer pieces of paper annually. “It’s a tremendous cultural change,” Mr. Carucci said. Mr. Carucci recalled that some lawyers seemed to re-quire persuasion to believe that their computer could actually accomplish the act of filing a document at the courthouse that used to requi-re a personal visit to a scrat-ched counter. He said he ex-plained patiently, “E-filing is not just putting it out into cyberspace; it was actually filing,” in court. There are skeptics. Though the law does permit courts to require electronic filing in certain cases, it also provides that people can opt out for specified reasons, including that they do not know how to use a computer. In the 5,745 commercial cases in which electronic filing has been required for the last year, court officials say, only 30 people have filed the neces-sary opt-out form (paper that goes into yet another file).
A Manhattan lawyer, Louis P. Giordano, said his firm uses computers but decided to stick with paper in a recent case. He said he worried a-bout whether the courts had “really gotten the kinks out.” “Things occasionally get botched in state court,” Mr. Giordano said. “In state court I do not want to be that gui-nea pig.” The other day the future could be glimpsed in 60 Cen-tre Street’s Courtroom 130, a cavernous brownish room that looked as if it were a backdrop in an old Edward G. Robinson movie. Courtroom 130 is the palace of paper. Every weekday morning, court is in session. But there is no judge. Inste-ad, clerks call a list of cases and lawyers line up with their piles of documents. The purpose of the exercise is the collection, collation and pre-paration of paper from all participants to a case for the day when it will be needed by a judge. But in the back, at a desk with computer screens, sits Michael P. D. Kenny, the court clerk of the future. Mr. Kenny handles the electronic cases, a task that is supposed to involve key strokes and e-mail rather than lines and piles. It has worked somewhat, Mr. Kenny said, as he prepared his cases for the next day. But what was that he was working on? It looked suspi-ciously like piles of paper. He sheepishly explained that some judges have specified that the electronic court is all well and good but that when
it comes to their cases, they want the paper printed out. “It’s taking them a little whi-le,” he said as he straightened a pile. “This moving for-ward,” he added, “it’s like taking baby steps.” But some judges say paper-lessness has won them over even in cases in which it is not required. In his robing room off ano-ther big courtroom where he handles contract disputes, personal injury claims and other civil cases, Justice Paul G. Feinman said there were many benefits to the electro-nic court. One benefit, he said, was that he has worked on cases in any number of places with Internet access, including his mother’s house, his living room and Fire Is-land without having to haul pounds of documents with him. Among its many bells and whistles, the court’s compu-ter program automatically notifies all lawyers to a case when a document is filed by any participant. One result, Justice Feinman said, is that the age-old practice of bicke-ring among lawyers about whether they received a copy of this or that is becoming a thing of the past. Justice Feinman has become something of an antipaper zealot. “Papers collect,” he said. “They get full of dust. They get coffee stains.” He noted with evident disgust that the judges received a memorandum not long ago advising that they should avoid keeping piles of paper on courthouse floors. Bed-bugs, the memo asserted, do
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not confine themselves to beds.
Justice Feinman was war-ming to the topic as he extol-led the benefits of the e-
court. “I do have fewer paper cuts since we went into this,” he said.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • NEW YORK • 7/7/2011
Deadly Sins of the Month: Lust and Greed By JIM DWYER Lust has always been among the most popular of the seven deadly sins, and for more than a month, it appeared to be a satisfactory foundation for the Dominique Strauss-Kahn narrative that began with his arrest May 14, when he was pulled from a first-class seat on Air France and charged with sexually assaul-ting a housekeeper who had come to clean his hotel suite. A video camera showed him boarding an elevator around 1:20 in the morning with a woman who did not work at the hotel. She was identified and located, but declined to be interviewed by investiga-tors about her visit to Mr. Strauss-Kahn, according to a law enforcement official who spoke on the condition of anonymity, because the in-vestigation is continuing. In any case, the room service breakfast that he ordered at 9:24 a.m. was for one person. There was, of course, nothing illegal about making an invi-tation and being turned down, or being taken up on it. It was not some puritanical streak that drove the arrest of Mr. Strauss-Kahn, but an allegation that hours later he
used violence to have his way sexually with the house-keeper. His lawyers say that no vio-lence or force was used, and that he will never plead guilty. Last week, though, the autho-rities revealed a tangle of lies told by the housekeeper a-bout her immigration and her personal finances, and a shift in her account of what hap-pened after the encounter with Mr. Strauss-Kahn. These may have been, as her lawyer suggested, the messy entanglements that accom-pany life in an immigrant community, or a fog of con-fusion immediately after she and Mr. Strauss-Kahn cros-sed paths. Nevertheless, it was clear that Manhattan prosecutors dreaded the thought of the housekeeper’s taking the witness stand to explain that no, she hadn’t been gang-raped in Guinea and her hus-band hadn’t been dragged off by soldiers to die in prison. Or worse, the introduction of another deadly sin that would compete with lust as the un-dergirding of this event: gre-ed. A day after the arrest of Mr. Strauss-Kahn, the housekee-
per was recorded speaking by telephone with a friend in an immigration jail in Arizona. No definitive version of the conversation has been made public, but the authorities have told both the housekee-per’s lawyer and reporters that she spoke about the pos-sible benefits of pursuing the charges against Mr. Strauss-Kahn. THIS version is contested by her lawyer, Kenneth P. Thompson, who says that the tape must be translated by an interpreter competent in the dialect of Fulani spoken du-ring the call. He has noted that the house-keeper also spoke about the assault, apparently in a way that did not contradict her account. The authorities have also obtained other phone conversations between the housekeeper and the man in jail. Mr. Thompson has experien-ce in civil and criminal litiga-tion, and he would not be drawn out on the question of a lawsuit against Mr. Strauss-Kahn. None has been filed as yet, but it is a likelihood. People injured by criminal acts are entitled to bring pri-vate actions to get economic redress.
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But no defense lawyer would pass up the opportunity to challenge the credibility of the housekeeper if she filed a civil lawsuit, with its possibi-lity of financial rewards. At-tacking witnesses for finan-cial motives, or confronting them with lies, is standard fare in criminal trials. But lawsuits against poor crimi-nals are a waste of time, and a wealthy defendant is a rare
sight in the city’s Criminal Courts. So it is unusual that a witness could be attacked as both greedy and a liar. Moreover, the housekeeper has prolifi-cally filled the official re-cords of her life with untru-ths, distressing prosecutors who would have to rely on her credibility to sustain any charges against Mr. Strauss-Kahn.
Greed may not be as celebra-ted a sin as lust, but its addi-tion to the narrative of this affair has been a favorable turn of events for Mr. S-trauss-Kahn, to say the least. A French Socialist might be forgiven his sexual appetite, but a hotel housekeeper would find no mercy for se-eming too interested in mo-ney. E-mail: [email protected] Twitter: @jimdwyernyt
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • NEW YORK • 7/7/2011
Removal of Priest’s Cases Exposes Deep Holes in Immigration Courts By SAM DOLNICK For more than three decades, Robert Vitaglione never tur-ned down a client, represen-ting thousands of immigrants in New York’s overburdened federal immigration courts. But he is not a lawyer. He is a Roman Catholic priest wi-thout formal legal training or supervision — and it sho-wed. Disheveled and disorganized, Father Vitaglione sometimes jeopardized cases with his erratic behavior, according to a federal finding. His legal briefs included a blizzard of fonts and asides — “Deporta-tion = Death” was written in bold in one. In May, court administrators had enough, barring Father Vitaglione from handling cases. But if anything, that only deepened the disarray. Lawyers and advocates had to hold emergency meetings to figure out how to pick up
his pending cases, clean up bungled ones, and find repre-sentation for untold immi-grants. Father Vitaglione’s central role in the immigration courts, as well as the reper-cussions from his recent ba-nishment, point to the deep dysfunction in the system in New York and across the country. Thousands of poor immi-grants swamp the system every month in the city alo-ne, challenging deportation orders or other administrative actions, but they are not enti-tled to free legal representa-tion, as they are in Criminal Courts. As a result, federal immigration judges, eager for respondents to have any sort of help, overlook problems with volunteers like Father Vitaglione. The immigration courts have long allowed nonlawyers to represent clients if they can
show some proficiency in the law. New York has dozens of these so-called accredited representatives. But none had the caseload or recognition of Father Vitaglione, who was known inside the courthouses as Father Bob. He had more clients than the Legal Aid Society’s entire immigration unit. Viewed as a hero in religious circles and a menace in legal ones, Father Vitaglione, 63, accepted no fees. In an inter-view in the basement of his parish at Sacred Heart Chur-ch in Fort Greene, near the Brooklyn Navy Yard, he admitted to becoming over-whelmed, but defended his work as an almost spiritual calling. “We have more lawyers than we have fire hydrants in this city and no one will help,” he said.
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He called immigrants facing deportation “the lepers of today.” “If Jesus was here,” Father Vitaglione said, “these are the people he’d be sitting down with.” The stakes could hardly be higher. Immigrants who have spent years in the United States often consider depor-tation a worse punishment than a jail sentence. But many immigrants have to represent themselves, even if they do not speak English or understand the law. In New York City in 2009, 60 per-cent of detained immigrants did not have counsel; neither did 27 percent of nondetai-ned immigrants who appea-red in immigration court, according to government statistics. Rulings often hinge on repre-sentation in these courts, where defendants accused of immigration violations, from overstaying a visa to commit-ting a violent crime, face government lawyers and the threat of deportation. Immi-grants without lawyers are more than five times as likely to lose their cases, legal ad-vocates found in a report released in May. Immigrants who represent themselves also slow down a system with no room for s-lack. Each judge’s docket can reach 2,000 cases, and immigrants without lawyers are left with only judges to explain technicalities, help with paperwork and assume some responsibilities of counsel. That’s where Father Vitagli-one came in.
“He helped part of the sys-tem and the system kept rol-ling,” said Stan Weber, an immigration lawyer who said he admired Father Vitaglio-ne. “It comes down to every-thing being overwhelmed and the system being broken and he didn’t realize he can’t do this anymore.” But others said Father Vita-glione’s caseload papered over a crisis in representati-on. “He was allowing the court system to operate as if people were being represented when they really were not,” said Amy Meselson, an immigra-tion lawyer with the Legal Aid Society. “It was really pernicious because it was really masking a problem.” Few question Father Vitagli-one’s dedication or his com-passion for immigrants’ pli-ghts. On a recent evening in Brooklyn, he and two associ-ates met individually with roughly 40 immigrants — Albanian, Jamaican, Peruvi-an, Mexican — filling out papers and offering advice until well after dark. He has helped countless im-migrants over the years in matters large and small. He filled out the forms that Juan Mego Suarez, a native of Peru, needed to renew his green card last year. “Every-thing was fixed, thanks to the father,” said Mr. Suarez, 49. Father Vitaglione received an award from the Justice De-partment in 1995 for his “u-nique role and hard work” that made him “invaluable to the immigration judges in New York.”
He began immigration work in the 1970s, when his Broo-klyn parishioners approached him for assistance even thou-gh, initially, he knew little about immigration. He studied the law and be-came an “accredited repre-sentative,” meaning he could provide counsel in immigra-tion court without passing the bar. He began picking up cases by the dozens, then the hundreds. Some judges even had speci-al “Father Bob Days” on their calendar when they would schedule the most desperate cases for him to pick up. “Their mission was accom-plished — now they had this person on the docket with representation,” Mr. Weber said. “They clearly were a factor in him becoming o-verwhelmed.” Father Vitaglione was listed as the representative in 761 working cases in June 2010, according to the Board of Immigration Appeals, a wor-kload exponentially higher than what even highly trained lawyers say they could ma-nage. “We’re like the Babylonian prostitutes,” he said. “We never say no.” But as his client list grew, his work slipped. The Legal Aid Society said it filed eight complaints against him over the past five years. The De-partment of Homeland Secu-rity determined last year that he had mishandled at least six cases. “We cannot excuse his fai-lings as an accredited repre-sentative, or overlook the
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impact his performance has had on the low-income and indigent aliens who have relied upon his services,” the federal Board of Immigration Appeals wrote in its May 6 decision barring him from court. The board determined that Father Vitaglione had failed to appear or came un-prepared to hearings in 221 cases. Last year, according to the findings, he failed to inform a client of her hearing date, and, in her absence, the court ordered her deported. In a case in 2009, he never showed up for a hearing, and his client, a Dominican man, was ordered deported. In another case cited by the Board of Immigration Appe-als, he filed an appeal brief almost a year after the board had rendered a final decision. The scarcity of other lawyers
willing to represent poor immigrants, the board wrote in May, “does not relieve Rev. Vitaglione of his res-ponsibility to provide compe-tent representation in each case he accepts.” The decision echoed across the state. The Legal Aid So-ciety said it had caused a sharp rise in immigrants nee-ding representation. Still, some lawyers said they viewed the crisis as an op-portunity to address inade-quate legal representation in the courts. “Now everyone has to wake up and see how do we fix this,” said JoJo Annobil, he-ad of the Legal Aid Society’s immigration law unit. But extricating Father Vita-glione from immigration court will not be easy. His organization, the Committee of Our Lady of Loreto for
Hispanic Immigration Affa-irs, has kept its accreditation and is still listed on the De-partment of Justice’s direc-tory of free legal representa-tives. On a recent morning, less than two months after the board ruling, Father Vitagli-one was back at immigration court in his clerical collar, entering the special door re-served for lawyers. There were 28 cases on the calen-dar that day, and his network represented half of them. He was mistakenly listed as the representative for one, his nonprofit organization was down for another, and Tim McCarthy, a lawyer with whom he works in Brooklyn, was listed for 12 more. “I can’t represent anyone,” Father Vitaglione said, “but that doesn’t mean I can’t supervise.”
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • NATIONAL • 7/7/2011
Hunger Strike by Inmates Is Latest Challenge to California’s Prison Sys-tem By IAN LOVETT LOS ANGELES — Thou-sands of inmates at prisons throughout California have been refusing state-issued food in a mass hunger strike to protest conditions at the state’s highest-security pri-sons, where some inmates are kept in prolonged isolati-on. The protest was organi-zed by inmates at Pelican Bay State Prison’s security housing unit, where prisoners are kept in isolation more
than 22 hours a day. They stopped eating on July 1, and prisoners around the state have imitated their campaign. About 1,700 prisoners in all were continuing to refuse at least some state-issued meals on Thursday, down from a peak of 6,600 last weekend, according to the State De-partment of Corrections and Rehabilitation. Although most prisoners have resumed eating, a group of at least two dozen at Peli-
can Bay, some of whom have been kept in the security housing unit for decades, said they were prepared to starve to death. “We believe our only option of ever trying to make some kind of positive change here is through this peaceful hun-ger strike,” Todd Ashker, one of the Pelican Bay inmates who organized the strike, said in a statement conveyed through a lawyer. “And there is a core group of us who are
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committed to taking this all the way to the death if neces-sary.” The hunger strike is only the latest problem for a state prison system that has lur-ched from one crisis to ano-ther in recent years. In May, the United States Supreme Court ordered the state to reduce the population of its overcrowded prisons by mo-re than 30,000 inmates; and in 2005 a court appointed a federal administrator to take control of the faltering prison health care system. Most of the prisoners who remain on hunger strike are in security housing units like the one at Pelican Bay, where they are kept alone in win-dowless, soundproof concre-te cells. To communicate, they have to yell from one cell to the other, although prisoner-rights activists in contact with the prisoners did not know if this was how they had organized the strike. The lack of human contact often leads to depression and bouts of rage, psychologists say. Prisoners and activists say that such conditions are cruel and unusual punishment. Most inmates end up in these extreme isolation blocks be-cause of ties to gang activiti-es. To get back into the gene-ral prison population, acti-vists say, they are pressured to divulge information about other gang members in pri-son, a process known as “de-briefing,” which can jeopar-dize their safety.
“We do see this long isolati-on and debriefing process as torture,” said Carol Strick-man, a staff lawyer with Le-gal Services for Prisoners with Children, an advocacy group in San Francisco. “These are inhumane condi-tions designed to extract in-formation from someone.” But a Department of Correc-tions and Rehabilitation spo-keswoman, Terry Thornton, said that the restrictive condi-tions at Pelican Bay had been litigated numerous times. A federal judge appointed a court monitor in 1995 to o-versee changes at the security housing unit, including the removal of mentally ill pri-soners from the block and an end to the use of excessive force. But he did not order changes to day-to-day condi-tions there. Ms. Thornton said the de-partment had received the prisoners’ list of demands, which was being “reviewed and evaluated very thoroug-hly,” and administrators met with Prison Focus, a priso-ner-rights group, on Thurs-day. But she added that gang members were leading the hunger strike, which only showed the need to separate them from the general prison population. “The department is not going to be coerced or manipula-ted,” she said. “That so many inmates in other prisons t-hroughout the state are in-volved really demonstrates how these gangs can influen-ce other inmates, which is one of the reasons we have
security housing units in the first place.” The hunger strike has trans-cended the gang and geogra-phic affiliations that traditio-nally divide prisoners, with prisoners of many back-grounds participating. But not all were prepared to take the protest as far as Mr. Ashker. All have continued to drink liquids, and some have refused to eat the state-issued food but have drunk Ensure or bought food from the canteen. Still, if the strike continues — even if only among a handful of inmates at Pelican Bay — doctors may soon have to decide whether to force-feed protesters. About 2,000 inmates are be-ing medically monitored, with nurses conducting cell-to-cell rounds. At Pelican Bay, most prisoners have refused to meet with doctors. Every inmate has the right to decline both food and medi-cal care, and he can issue a directive to a doctor not to force-feed him even if he later becomes delirious from starvation. If he does not issue a directive, however, doctors must make judgment calls. “Doctors have strict ethical guidelines they have to fol-low about making sure the patient has given informed consent,” said Nancy Kin-caid, a spokeswoman for the federal health care adminis-trator. “But if they never said, ‘Don’t feed me,’ they have to evaluate on a case-by-case basis.”
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • NATIONAL • 7/7/2011
Mexican Citizen Is Executed as Justices Refuse to Step In
By ADAM LIPTAK WASHINGTON — In a 5-to-4 decision that split along ideological lines, the Su-preme Court on Thursday evening rebuffed a request from the Obama administra-tion that it stay the execution of a Mexican citizen on death row in Texas. The inmate, Humberto Leal Garcia Jr., was executed about an hour later. The administration had asked the court to delay the execution so that Congress might consider recently in-troduced legislation that would provide fresh hearings on whether the rights of Mr. Leal and about 50 other Me-xican citizens on death row in the United States had been violated. In his last moments, Mr. Leal repeatedly said he was sorry, and shouted twice, “Viva Mexico!” The Associated Press reported. In 2004, the International Court of Justice in The Ha-gue found that the inmates had been denied their rights under the Vienna Conventi-on. The convention requires that foreigners detained a-broad be told they may con-tact consular officials. In 2008, the Supreme Court acknowledged that the In-ternational Court’s ruling was binding but said that the
president acting alone could not compel states to comply with it. Congress also had to act, the court said. On Thursday, in an unsigned majority opinion, the Su-preme Court said that Con-gress had had plenty of time to act and that the court would not now “prohibit a state from carrying out a law-ful judgment in light of une-nacted legislation.” “Our task,” the majority wro-te, “is to rule on what the law is, not what it might eventu-ally be.” The majority also noted that “the United States studiously refuses to argue that Leal was prejudiced by the Vienna Convention violation,” sug-gesting that a fresh hearing would do Mr. Leal no good. He was convicted of kidnap-ping, raping and killing a 16-year-old girl. “We decline,” the majority wrote, “to follow the United States’ suggestion of gran-ting a stay to allow Leal to bring a claim based on hypo-thetical legislation when it cannot even bring itself to say that his attempt to over-turn his conviction has any prospect of success.” Justice Stephen G. Breyer, in a dissent joined by Justices Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Sonia Sotomayor and Elena Kagan,
wrote that the government’s request was modest, given that allowing the execution to proceed would, in the solici-tor general’s words, “cause irreparable harm” to “fo-reign-policy interests of the highest order” and endanger Americans traveling abroad. The court should defer to the executive branch’s assess-ment, Justice Breyer wrote, as “the Court has long recog-nized the president’s special Constitutionally based au-thority in matters of foreign relations.” He proposed issuing “a brief stay until the end of Septem-ber” to allow Congress time to act. “In reaching its contrary con-clusion,” Justice Breyer wro-te, “the Court ignores the appeal of the president in a matter related to foreign affa-irs, it substitutes its own vi-ews about the likelihood of congressional action for the views of executive branch officials who have consulted with members of Congress, and it denies the request by four members of the Court to delay the execution until the Court can discuss the matter at conference in September. In my view, the Court is wrong in each respect.”
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • NATIONAL • 7/7/2011
Democrats Oppose Talk of Cuts to Social Security By ROBERT PEAR WASHINGTON — Con-gressional Democrats, who have thrived for decades as guardians of Social Security, said Thursday that they were not ready to surrender that role to help President Obama get a deal on federal spen-ding and the debt limit. As word spread that Mr. Obama was considering large sa-vings from the use of a diffe-rent measure of inflation to reduce the annual cost-of-living adjustment in Social Security benefits, Democrats joined with lobbyists for ol-der Americans to reject the idea. Representative Chris Van Hollen of Maryland, the senior Democrat on the Hou-se Budget Committee, said Democrats would oppose changes in Social Security benefits as part of the deficit-reduction talks. “Any discussion of Social Security should be on a sepa-rate track,” he said. Repre-sentative Nancy Pelosi of California, the House Demo-cratic leader, said, “Any sa-vings should be plowed back into making Social Security stronger.” Representative Sander M. Levin of Michigan, the top Democrat on the Ways and Means Committee, said, “The proposal would place new burdens on the backs of seniors.” Representative Xavier Becer-ra of California, a member of
the House Democratic lea-dership, said, “The cuts in Social Security benefits would grow larger as retirees age, and seniors who rely most on Social Security to pay for basic necessities would receive the biggest benefit cuts.” On the Senate floor, Senator Sheldon Whitehouse, Demo-crat of Rhode Island, said Thursday: “Social Security and Medicare benefits should not be on the table. Social Security is not the cause of the deficit, and beneficiaries should not be made to shoul-der the burden of deficit re-duction.” In particular, Mr. Whitehou-se said, Congress must not “cut benefits through back-door methods such as lowe-ring the cost-of-living ad-justment.” Republicans are concerned about the growth of entitle-ment programs, including Social Security and Medica-re. Some, like Senator Tom Coburn of Oklahoma, sup-port the idea of an alternative measure of inflation, known as the chain-weighted ver-sion of the Consumer Price Index, because they believe it is more accurate. But the party, waiting to see details, has not taken an official stand. Lobbyists for older Ameri-cans were blistering in their criticism of the proposal, which, according to the Con-
gressional Budget Office, could reduce federal spen-ding by more than $110 bil-lion over 10 years. “This is nothing more than a backdoor benefit cut that Washington hopes Ameri-cans won’t notice or unders-tand,” said Max Richtman, executive vice president of the National Committee to Preserve Social Security and Medicare. He said Social Security bene-ficiaries did not receive a cost-of-living adjustment this year or in 2010 because in-flation, as measured by the standard Consumer Price Index, was so low. AARP, the lobby for older Americans, said last month that it might be open to mo-dest reductions in Social Se-curity benefits for future re-cipients. But A. Barry Rand, the group’s chief executive, tried to quash the inflation adjustment idea, saying that “AARP will not accept any cuts of any kind to Social Security as part of a deal” to reduce the deficit and increa-se the debt limit. The proposal under discus-sion would affect current and future beneficiaries. Any move to exempt current be-neficiaries would reduce the amount of savings. Supporters of the proposal argue that the current measu-re of inflation overstates in-creases in the cost of living because it does not adequa-
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tely reflect how, when faced with higher prices, consu-mers change their buying habits, substituting cheaper items for more expensive ones. On the other hand, some e-conomists say the current measure understates the im-pact of inflation on older Americans, who tend to spend more of their income on health care. Medical pri-ces have been rising faster than the overall price index. Budget negotiators are also discussing a proposal that would use the alternative measure of inflation to adjust income tax brackets and o-ther provisions of the tax code, like the standard de-duction and the personal e-xemption amount. This proposal would raise nearly $60 billion over 10 years, as more Americans would find themselves in higher tax brackets. Republicans, adamantly op-posed to any form of tax in-crease, worry about an incre-ase that might result from using the new measure of
inflation to adjust tax brac-kets. Representative Robert E. Andrews, Democrat of New Jersey, said he would consi-der changes in the Social Security benefit formula only as part of a giant deficit-reduction package that inclu-ded substantial new revenues and cuts in military spending. If the alternative measure of inflation is more accurate, he said, it would be “logical, consistent and desirable” to use it in adjusting tax brac-kets and Social Security be-nefits. Grover G. Norquist, a promi-nent conservative strategist who is president of Ameri-cans for Tax Reform, said he saw a big difference. Redu-cing Social Security benefits would be a cut in spending, and “that would be fine,” Mr. Norquist said. But he said using the new price index to set tax brackets would be a tax increase, in violation of the pledge made by Republi-can leaders. Stephen C. Goss, the chief actuary of Social Security,
said the alternative inflation measure could reduce annual cost-of-living adjustments so the benefit for a retiree tur-ning 85 in 2035 would be about 7 percent lower. The cuts are cumulative and would have a larger effect on older beneficiaries, who de-pend more on Social Security as a source of income. Congressional Democrats said that using a different version of the Consumer Pri-ce Index could also reduce Medicare payment rates for some health care providers, including ambulatory surgi-cal centers, clinical laborato-ries and suppliers of durable medical equipment like whe-elchairs and respirators. In addition, they said, the proposal could eventually increase the number of Me-dicare beneficiaries who must pay higher premiums because they have incomes above a certain level — $85,000 for individuals and $170,000 for married couples this year.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • NATIONAL • 7/7/2011
Reporter Seeks to Avoid Testifying
By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS ALEXANDRIA, Va. (AP) — Lawyers for a New York Times reporter argued Thursday that the First a-mendment should shield him from having to testify at
the trial of a former C.I.A. officer accused of leaking classified information. “A reporter should be the last resort, if even at all, not the first resort” when the go-vernment puts on a criminal case, Joel Kurtzberg, a law-
yer for the reporter, James Risen, told Judge Leonie M. Brinkema of Federal District Court here. Prosecutors subpoenaed Mr. Risen to testify at the trial of Jeffrey Sterling, who they say was a source for a chap-
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ter in Mr. Risen’s 2006 book, “State of War,” which details a botched effort to thwart Iran’s nuclear ambitions.
Prosecutors argued that Mr. Risen’s First amendment rights pale in comparison to the government’s need to
prosecute criminals and obta-in evidence.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • NATIONAL • 7/7/2011
E.P.A. Issues Tougher Rules for Power Plants By JOHN M. BRODER WASHINGTON — The En-vironmental Protection A-gency on Thursday issued new standards for power plants in 28 states that would sharply cut emissions of chemicals that have polluted forests, farms, lakes and stre-ams across the Eastern Uni-ted States for decades. The agency said the regulati-ons, which will take effect in 2012, would reduce emis-sions of compounds that cau-se soot, smog and acid rain from hundreds of power plants by millions of tons at an additional cost to utilities of less than $1 billion a year. The E.P.A. said the cleaner air would prevent as many as 34,000 premature deaths, 15,000 nonfatal heart attacks and hundreds of thousands of cases of asthma and other respiratory ailments every year. Lisa P. Jackson, the E.P.A. administrator, said the new rule would improve air qua-lity for 240 million Ameri-cans living in states where the pollution is produced or where it travels downwind. “No community should have to bear the burden of another community’s polluters, or be powerless to prevent air pol-lution that leads to asthma,
heart attacks and other harm-ful illnesses,” Ms. Jackson said. “This is a long-overdue step to protect the air we bre-athe.” The rule, which governs e-missions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide from fos-sil-fuel-burning power plants, does not explicitly aim at carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming. Those are covered by other, far more controversial, pro-posed regulations. But most actions to cut emissions of conventional pollutants also have the indirect effect of reducing global warming gases. The new regulation, known as the Cross-State Air Pollu-tion Rule, is essentially a rewrite of one issued by the George W. Bush administra-tion in 2005 but invalidated by a federal judge in 2008. The regulation, known popu-larly as the transport rule because it is directed at emis-sions that are carried east-ward by prevailing winds, is a significant toughening of the acid rain program that was part of amendments to the Clean Air Act in 1990. The new rule applies to all the states east of the Rockies except the Dakotas, Delawa-
re and the six New England states. The agency said that utilities could meet the new standards at modest cost by using rea-dily available technology like catalytic converters and smokestack scrubbers. Under some E.P.A. projections, the new rule will create thou-sands of jobs in pollution-control businesses and signi-ficantly increase labor pro-ductivity by reducing work-days lost to respiratory and other illnesses. The utility industry and many Republicans in Congress contend that the new rule, along with other pending E.P.A. air quality regulati-ons, will require the prematu-re closing of dozens of aging coal plants and impose heavy financial burdens on power companies and their custo-mers. They had asked for a more gradual phase-in of the new rules. “The E.P.A. is ignoring the cumulative economic dama-ge new regulations will cau-se,” said Steve Miller, presi-dent of the American Coali-tion for Clean Coal Electri-city, a group of coal-burning utilities. “America’s coal-fueled electric industry has been doing its part for the environment and the eco-
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nomy, but our industry needs adequate time to install clean coal technologies to comply with new regulations. Unfor-tunately, E.P.A. doesn’t seem to care.” An industry-financed study found that new air pollution rules would cost tens of thousands of jobs and cause electricity rates to rise by more than 20 percent in some parts of the country. Michael J. Bradley, executi-ve director of the Clean E-nergy Group, a coalition of power companies, said that most utilities had already installed the equipment nee-ded to meet the new stan-dards and that the small number of plants that would be closed were among the oldest and dirtiest in the nati-on.
Mr. Bradley said that electri-city markets had already fac-tored in the price of compli-ance and that recent auctions had shown there would be adequate supplies of electri-city in 2015 at reasonable prices. “The bottom line is, the industry is well positio-ned to comply with this, has been anticipating this for three to four years now,” he said. Supporters of the new rule said any costs would be more than offset by health and other benefits. The E.P.A. estimates the annual benefits of the Cross-State Pollution Rule at $120 billion to $280 billion a year by 2014. John F. Sheehan of the Adi-rondack Council, a nonprofit advocacy group, said the new air quality rule would help
the Adirondack Park in ups-tate New York, the nation’s largest outside of Alaska, to recover from decades of pol-lution produced far from its borders. “This is the biggest leap for-ward in our long history of dealing with this problem,” Mr. Sheehan said. “This is a very deep cut on a very ag-gressive schedule and essen-tially enough to end chronic acidification of lakes and ponds in the Adirondacks.” He said it would allow the regeneration of spruce and fir forests in the six-million-acre park while improving the habitat of dozens of species, from the Bicknell’s thrush at high elevations to brook trout in streams.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • NATIONAL • 7/7/2011
Nuggets of Reform, but Lacking Applause By JAMES WARREN In the bowels of Soldier Fi-eld, the canny rock star Bono was telling me about yanking his children from an elite Manhattan private school and returning them to a better, public school in Dublin. He said his and his wife’s high-minded New York education hopes had been misplaced. The black leather-clad front man for U2 was soon tugged by an aide — “I have to do a show,” he said apologetical-ly. Within minutes, he was bringing joy to 63,000 with the Irish band’s trademark
muscularity, towering props and calls for political reforms in locales as faraway as Burma. I saw one black-T-shirt-clad speck of a spectator among the Tuesday night throng — Mayor Rahm Emanuel a k a The Missile — and sadly realized that he had a tougher task trying to inspire those same concertgoers in a wee bit of reform back here. The Missile probably made some sort of history that morning in front of maybe 15 people in a sterile conference room. He was a politician
surfacing voluntarily at the Board of Ethics. He surely didn’t inspire the press corps in announcing a high-minded plan to limit lobbyists’ misdeeds and ma-ke their city dealings transpa-rent. Reporters quickly chan-ged the subject to police offi-cers needlessly assigned to schools, the future of city-sponsored July 3 fireworks, the declining economics of Taste of Chicago, and where the mayor’s three children would attend school in the fall.
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The corrupt nexus of politics and money is passé to pro-fessional skeptics, a bit like U2’s show was to music cri-tics, who found it lacking innovation. For the City Hall savants, there were also the better odds of ginning up an editor’s interest with the ca-lamitous prospect of Life Without Taste. Just like three-too-many Mil-ler Lites on a sultry day at the lakefront, civic noncha-lance about ethics should inspire dyspepsia. But lack of interest is a force more po-werful than the new ordinan-ces and rules promulgated by The Missile. The new mayor can seek needed disclosures about lobbyists but still confront a collective ennui. Its best ma-nifestation comes on Election Day, when about half of us don’t vote even as our tax dollars seek to bring demo-cracy to Iraq and Afghanis-tan. And this inertia will be repe-ated despite another Illinois governor’s standing convic-ted as a criminal. It may alre-ady be Stone Age news by current standards — more than 10 days old, my good-ness! — but you do remem-ber the guy, the “Celebrity Apprentice” contestant, don’t you?
We’re just dubious about a politician discussing ethics, transparency or other “trust me” issues, as they’re called by Jeff Seglin, a lecturer on public policy and head of the communications program at the Kennedy School of Go-vernment at Harvard. Our doubts persist even as Illinois makes true headway on both campaign finance and ethics rules, in part inspi-red by the legacy of that just-convicted former governor whose name I’m repressing after months of obsession. There have been real advan-ces on contribution limits, including by businesses do-ing state work. Yes, in Illi-nois. Floodgates were opened na-tionally by the United States Supreme Court decision in the Citizens United case, which ended limits on so-called independent political expenditures. By definition, they are not political contri-butions though they may seek to influence an election. One interpretation of the de-cision says governments can force disclosure of the iden-tity of contributors to state and local races and, to that end, Illinois has made bona-fide progress, in the view of Steve Berlin, executive direc-tor of the Board of Ethics.
A related question came from Cindi Canary, founder of the Illinois Campaign for Politi-cal Reform: “The law has changed, but has the cultu-re?” That’s relevant since we’ll need proof that money isn’t unavoidably corrosive and won’t forever bring access and influence, while shutting out the little guy. But just like there doesn’t seem much to be gained in bashing a band for playing its own hits, especially if 63,000 people come away smiling, there’s not a ton to be gained from visceral cynicism. The proof, for the reform-minded politician, must be whether he can actually change behavior. Thus, one can embrace The Missile’s early efforts even without being so presumptuous as to laud him for cleansing the system. Maybe we can all seek the triumph of hope over experi-ence. Yes, bars or limits on lobbyist gifts, loans or cam-paign contributions won’t change the world. But while we fret over the loss of July 3 fireworks, we could also ge-nuinely wish for more honest government. [email protected]
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • INTERNATIONAL • 7/7/2011
Honduras: Both Sides in Coup Blamed By ELISABETH MALKIN An international commission set up to study the June 2009 Honduran coup concluded that both former President Manuel Zelaya as well as the political leaders and military officers who overthrew him share blame for how the cri-
sis unfolded. The panel’s report, released in Teguci-galpa on Thursday, rejected the assertion by much of the country’s political elite that Mr. Zelaya’s overthrow was legal and said instead it met every definition of a coup. But Eduardo Stein, who led
the commission, said it had also found that Mr. Zelaya had violated laws as he pres-sed ahead with plans to hold a referendum on whether to revise the Constitution. Op-ponents said Mr. Zelaya had hoped to win changes that would allow his re-election.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • INTERNATIONAL • 7/7/2011
U.N. Report Criticizes Israel for Actions at Border By ISABEL KERSHNER JERUSALEM — A new United Nations report that has been distributed to mem-bers of the Security Council strongly criticizes Israel for using live fire against unar-med demonstrators who tried in May to breach its border fence from Lebanon. Israel is planning to respond in detail shortly in a letter to Secretary General Ban Ki-moon, offi-cials here said Thursday. The United Nations has been a frequent battleground for Israel, whose diplomats are currently working to oppose a bid by the Palestinians for international recognition of statehood at the Security Council and the General As-sembly this fall. The report states that Israel first issued verbal warnings and fired into the air before directing live fire at the mos-tly Palestinian protesters,
killing seven civilians and injuring 111. But other than firing in the air, it says, Israel did not employ “conventio-nal crowd control methods or any other method than lethal weapons against the demons-trators.” More broadly, the report de-als with violations of Secu-rity Council Resolution 1701, which underpinned the cease-fire in the summer of 2006 that ended a monthlong war between Israel and Hez-bollah, the Lebanese militant organization. Israel violated the resolution during the events on the bor-der on May 15, the report says, noting the lethal force used by Israel was not com-mensurate to the imminent threat to Israeli soldiers and civilians. The protesters also violated the resolution, it says, becau-se of their provocative acti-
ons, including when about 1,000 of them broke off from the main demonstration and “threw stones and two petrol bombs across the fence and attempted to climb it and bring it down.” Up to 10,000 demonstrators arrived at the border area on May 15, which Palestinians have come to refer to as Nakba Day, marking the founding of Israel in 1948. Nakba means catastrophe. The protests were organized by Palestinian and Lebanese organizations, including Hezbollah. Israeli officials have hinted anonymously that some of the casualties were caused by Lebanese Army soldiers who also opened fire. The United Nations report does not attri-bute any of the deaths to the Lebanese forces in the border area, saying the Lebanese Army attempted to control
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the crowd “using batons, tear gas and heavy firing in the air.” Lt. Col. Avital Leibovich, a spokeswoman for the Israeli military, said Thursday that the Lebanese forces used live fire, but that it was impossi-ble for Israel to determine the number or source of the ca-sualties since the bodies were all on the Lebanese side of the fence. A senior Israeli military offi-cial said Wednesday that since the May 15 border con-frontation, and a subsequent deadly confrontation on June 5 along the frontier between Syria and the disputed, Israe-li-held Golan Heights, Israeli forces had been provided with more nonlethal equip-ment in order to reduce fata-lities in any future episodes of this kind. The official, who briefed reporters on the condition of
anonymity in line with army rules, added that Israel was sorry for the loss of life. Activists in Lebanon cance-led plans to march to Israel’s northern border again on June 5, on the anniversary of the start of the 1967 Middle East war, after Lebanese au-thorities declared the area a closed military zone. Israeli anger over the new United Nations report see-med mostly directed against its author, Michael Williams, the United Nations special coordinator for Lebanon. An Israeli official, who was not authorized to speak pu-blicly about the issue, said that Israel would not boycott Mr. Williams, who periodi-cally visits here to meet with officials, but that Israel had decided “to take some dis-tance from him for a while.” Tensions between Israel and Mr. Williams have been run-
ning high since May. Soon after the Nakba Day events, Mr. Williams was quoted during a visit to Beirut, Le-banon, as saying that he was “shocked by the number of the deaths and the use of dis-proportionate, deadly force” by Israeli soldiers against “apparently unarmed de-monstrators.” Yigal Palmor, the spokesman for the Israeli Foreign Minis-try, said at the time that the “overhasty statements” by Mr. Williams were “aggrava-ting.” He added that Mr. Wil-liams “would have been bet-ter advised to wait for the results of investigations con-ducted by Unifil,” the peace-keeping force in Lebanon. The new report was based on the findings of Unifil’s inves-tigation. Dan Bilefsky contributed reporting from New York.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • INTERNATIONAL • 7/7/2011
Georgia, Looking for Spies, Arrests Photographers By MZIA KUPUNIA TBILISI, Georgia — Police officers working on a counte-respionage campaign arrested a group of photographers on Thursday that included the president’s personal photo-grapher and two working for Western news services, The Associated Press and the European Pressphoto A-gency. The A.P. photogra-pher, a Georgian citizen, was released early Thursday and not charged. Still, the deten-
tions underscored the atmos-phere of tension in Georgia around allegations of spying. The authorities did not dis-close how they had come to suspect that the photogra-phers had committed espio-nage offenses or for whom, but Georgian accusations of spying have typically been aimed at Russia. Relations between Russia and Georgia have remained tense since the countries fought a war in 2008.
The arrests are regarded as significant because Georgia, unlike other former Soviet-era states, has a largely free news media and is a base for a small community of foreign journalists working in the region. After the arrests, a dozen journalists protested outside a police station in Tbilisi, the capital. The human rights Center, a Georgian advocacy group, issued a statement calling the
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roundup a “violation of the freedom of expression.” The others arrested were Pre-sident Mikheil Saakashvili’s personal photographer, Irakli Gedenidze, along with his wife, Natia Gedenidze, and a freelance photographer who had taken assignments with the Foreign Ministry, Giorgi Abdaladze. The police arrested the pho-tographers in the predawn hours of Thursday. The Inte-rior Ministry issued a brief statement saying only that the “detainees are accused of supplying an organization, operating under the cover of a foreign country’s special service, with various types of information.”
Just this week, a Georgian court sentenced three Russi-an citizens to 11 to 14 years in prison on charges of sp-ying for Russia. On Wednes-day, the day of the senten-cing, the interior minister, Vano Merabishvili, told the Russian radio station Echo of Moscow that the Georgian police had captured most of the spies they had been hun-ting. “Georgia has cut 90 percent of the channels that Russian special services had,” Mr. Merabishvili said. The A.P. photojournalist, Shakh Aivazov, declined to comment and said he had no information about the other detainees. Zurab Kurtsikidze, the photographer with the
European Pressphoto A-gency, remained in custody on Thursday. Lawyers for Mr. Abdaladze and Mr. Kurtsikidze said their clients were innocent, while the lawyer for Irakli and Natia Gedenidze said her clients had not been informed of the accusations against them. In Moscow, Russia’s Foreign Ministry spokesman, Alek-sandr K. Lukashevich, dis-missed the allegations of spying, as Russian officials have before, as a sign of pa-ranoia in Georgia. Mr. Luka-shevich said the detentions “point to the level of demo-cracy in Georgia.” Andrew E. Kramer contribu-ted reporting from Moscow.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • INTERNATIONAL • 7/7/2011
House Sends Conflicting Signals on Libya By CHARLIE SAVAGE WASHINGTON — The House voted down a measure on Thursday that would have prevented the United States military from using force in Libya, but it also blocked military support to the Lib-yan rebels as Congress conti-nued to wrestle with how to respond to the Obama admi-nistration’s decision to parti-cipate in the NATO-led air war. Both of the measures were proposed amendments to a 2012 military appropriations bill, and the votes came after a debate that rehashed argu-ments over the legality, cost
and merits of the intervention in Libya, which President Obama initiated without Congressional authorization. Most of the discussion focu-sed on the measure that would have prevented the financing of any military force in Libya. It was sponsored by Repre-sentatives Dennis J. Kucini-ch, Democrat of Ohio, and Justin Amash, Republican of Michigan, and was defeated 199 to 229. The other amendment, whi-ch was discussed less tho-roughly, was sponsored by Representative Tom Cole, Republican of Oklahoma. It
would prevent the Pentagon from furnishing Libyan re-bels with “military equip-ment, military training or advice, or other support for military activities,” and it passed, 225 to 201. Should Mr. Cole’s amend-ment become law, it is not clear what its effects would be. The United States says it does not have military forces on the ground and is not ar-ming the rebels. It has, however, provided $12.5 million in “nonlethal” aid like food, medical suppli-es, boots, tents, uniforms and body armor in the areas re-
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belling against the Libyan leader, Col. Muammar el-Qaddafi. After the vote, Mr. Cole’s office issued a news release claiming that his amend-ment would “defund Libyan operations.” In an interview, he insisted it required an end to all United States military activities in Libya, arguing that the NATO air war — while officially limited to protecting civilians — has had the effect of supporting the rebels’ military activities.
During the brief discussion of Mr. Cole’s amendment, one lawmaker — Represen-tative Norm Dicks, Democrat of Washington — suggested that it could end American participation in the NATO campaign, a transcript sho-wed. But it was far from cle-ar that many others shared that interpretation. Nearly all of the discussion about whether to vote to cut off the use of military force focused on the amendment
offered by Mr. Kucinich and Mr. Amash. Several Republican aides said that the widespread un-derstanding of Mr. Cole’s amendment was that it would not affect the United States military. The murky outcome follo-wed votes last month in the House in which lawmakers voted down resolutions both to end and to authorize the mission.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • INTERNATIONAL • 7/7/2011
American Ambassador to Syria Visits Focal Point in Uprising By NADA BAKRI BEIRUT, Lebanon — Robert S. Ford, the American am-bassador to Syria, made an unannounced visit on Thurs-day to Hama, a central Syrian city that has become a focal point for the four-month u-prising against President Ba-shar al-Assad. Mr. Ford’s visit came as security forces rounded up what some acti-vists described as hundreds of people in the city and a day ahead of what are expec-ted to be mass protests there. Hama, the site of a 1982 massacre, has emerged as a sharp challenge to Mr. As-sad’s leadership in recent weeks. Last Friday, tens of thousands of people gathered in a downtown square there in what activists described as the biggest protests since demonstrations started in
Syria in mid-March. Since last Friday, youths have tried to organize makeshift defen-ses on the city’s outskirts to deter the feared security for-ces. Activists in Hama are bra-cing for the worst on Friday. human rights Watch, which is based in New York, said security forces killed at least 16 people in a span of 48 hours this week as the go-vernment signaled that a rela-tively lenient approach with protests for much of June had ended. Residents in Hama said that at least 20 people were wounded overnight Thurs-day, when security forces opened fire on them. It was not clear how the episodes occurred, but residents added that some of those hurt were in critical condition.
The State Department’s spo-keswoman, Victoria Nuland, said Mr. Ford traveled to Hama on his own in what Ms. Nuland described as a show of solidarity with the residents there. Mr. Ford had previously participated in a government-organized tour of the town of Jisr al-Shoughour in northern Syria after murky reports of cla-shes between armed militants or defectors, on one side, and soldiers, on the other, that left dozens dead. Mr. Ford “spent the day ex-pressing our deep support for the right of the Syrian people to assemble peacefully and to express themselves,” Ms. Nuland said. She said that Mr. Ford pas-sed through several checkpo-ints run by the Syrian mili-tary and others run by Hama
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residents before he reached the city, where he reported meeting nervous residents and encountering a number of closed shops. Activists said that they had declared a general strike on Thursday to protest shootings there a day earlier. Mr. Ford also visited Hourani Hospital, where he met with injured people, Ms. Nuland said. Ms. Nuland said that Mr. Ford was planning to remain in Hama on Friday. Hama, a conservative Sunni Muslim city on the main cor-ridor that links the capital, Damascus, with Homs and
Aleppo, carries enormous symbolic weight. In 1982, government forces stormed the city to crack down on an Islamic opposition move-ment, killing at least 10,000 people and flattening parts of the old quarter. Some estima-tes put the number of dead at 20,000. At a prayer this week in Ha-ma, a group of people pled-ged to defend their city aga-inst a repeat of any govern-ment onslaught. Residents recalled the prayer leader saying, “We are not going to retreat. What happened to us in 1982 is not going to be
repeated. That is why we are all in the street today, for 1982 not to be repeated.” Deir el-Zour, Syria’s fifth largest city, is also expecting large protests on Friday, ac-tivists and antigovernment protesters said. The United Nations secretary general, Ban Ki-moon, called on Syria to allow internatio-nal aid workers and investi-gators to enter the country to assess the humanitarian si-tuation and to verify accounts of unarmed civilians caught up in the crackdown on anti-government protests.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • INTERNATIONAL • 7/7/2011
Mubarak Allies Charged in Tahrir Square Attack By LIAM STACK CAIRO — More than two dozen onetime officials and allies of former President Hosni Mubarak were charged Thursday with murder, at-tempted murder and terro-rism, accused of organizing one of the most memorable attacks on protesters during the 18-day revolution, one in which assailants riding hor-ses and camels charged into the crowds at Tahrir Square. The charges were announced by the Judicial Investigation Commission, an independent office set up by the prosecu-tor, and came amid rising public anger over the slow pace with which officials and the police have been held accountable for the killings
of more than 840 people du-ring the revolution. Some activists and analysts said they saw the announce-ment as an effort to neutrali-ze plans for a demonstration scheduled for Friday, in large part to press the interim mili-tary government for greater accountability. “The announcement of the accusations against these people happened because of tomorrow’s protest,” said Nabil Abdel Fattah, an a-nalyst at the state-financed Ahram Center for Political and Strategic Studies. “But where is Hosni Mubarak and his two sons? Where is the ex-president of Egypt?” The government had previ-ously announced that Mr. Mubarak would stand trial
next month in connection with the deaths and on other corruption-related charges. With its announcement on Thursday, the commission expanded the pool to include a virtual Who’s Who of Mu-barak-era loyalists, including the former speakers of both houses of Parliament, as well as cabinet ministers and law-yers close to the government, Egyptian state media repor-ted. The accused were “referred to Criminal Court on char-ges of inciting the killing of protesters in the camel e-vent,” said Mohamed el-Sabrout, head of the coun-try’s Judicial Investigation Commission, Reuters repor-ted.
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The attack on horseback and camelback took place on Feb. 2 and was part of an intense street fight between antigovernment protesters and plainclothes fighters. It seemed at the time to illustra-te just how desperate, and fragile, Mr. Mubarak’s go-vernment had become. In an account published in Al Ahram, Egypt’s most widely circulated state owned news-paper, the commission char-ged that former presidential allies paid and armed “uni-dentified outlaws and thugs” and instructed them to attack “peaceful protesters” in ma-jor squares across the capital. Protest organizers and acti-vists, who said they were pleased to see such high-level Mubarak-era officials charged in the deaths, were nevertheless troubled by the timing, saying it was another example of the military council offering a concession to calm public anger, rather than actually seeking justice. Demonstrators have com-plained that while the mili-tary takes months to detain ex-officials, whose cases are then routinely adjourned and postponed for months on
end, hundreds of civilians have been tried and senten-ced by military courts. Shady Ghazali Harb, a mem-ber of the Coalition of Revo-lutionary Youth and founder of the liberal Awareness Party, said the indictments were meant to “calm us down” before Friday’s plan-ned protest. But he said he doubted they would blunt the spreading sense that the revo-lution’s goals were so far unmet. “We are way past that stage now,” he said. Tensions between protesters and the authorities have boi-led over into violent clashes several times in the last we-ek. Policemen and the fami-lies of those killed in the re-volution fought in Cairo and Suez throughout the week. The violence was sparked by a court ruling that released on bail seven officers accu-sed of killing 17 protesters and wounding 350 more in Suez. So far, only one police officer has been convicted, in absentia, for killing protes-ters. Among the most prominent former officials charged were the former leaders of the up-
per and lower houses of Par-liament, Safwat Sherif and Fathi Surour. Both are alre-ady in jail. Others included, Mohamed Aboul Enein and Ibrahim Kamel, former members of Parliament and senior party leaders, as well as the country’s longtime minister of manpower, Aisha Abdelhadi. The commission also referred to trial a high-profile lawyer, Mortada Mansour, widely disliked for his close association with the Mubarak family. Hani Shakrallah, editor of the news Web site Ahram Onli-ne, said if the military were interested in aligning itself with the protesters, it would hold the police and former officials accountable for the deaths, and not just make announcements before de-monstrations. “Every time there is a Friday they feel will be serious they make concessions, and then they try to sidestep them,” said Mr. Shakrallah. “The trial of these people might happen, but it will be too late. Why did this not happen three months ago, for God’s sake? What are they waiting for?”
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • INTERNATIONAL • 7/7/2011
U.S. Admiral Ties Pakistan to Killing of Journalist By ELISABETH BUMIL-LER WASHINGTON — Adm. Mike Mullen, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, said
Thursday that he believed that the government of Pakis-tan had “sanctioned” the kil-ling of a Pakistani journalist who had written scathing
reports about the infiltration of Islamic militants into the country’s security services. Admiral Mullen, who is due to retire at the end of Sep-
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tember, is the first American official to publicly accuse Pakistan, an American ally, of the kidnapping, torture and death of the journalist, Saleem Shahzad, 40. His comments about a case that has intensified criticism of the government in Islamabad are certain to further aggra-vate the poisoned relation-ship between the United Sta-tes and Pakistan, where O-sama bin Laden was killed in an American raid in May. Admiral Mullen said he could not specifically tie Mr. Shahzad’s death to Pakis-tan’s powerful spy agency, the Directorate for Inter-Services Intelligence, known as the ISI, although Obama administration officials beli-eve that the ISI ordered the killing. But Admiral Mullen made clear that he thought Pakistani officials were com-plicit in Mr. Shahzad’s death. “It was sanctioned by the government,” Admiral Mul-len told journalists during a Pentagon briefing. “I have not seen anything to disabuse the report that the govern-ment knew about this.” A military official later de-clined to say whether Admi-ral Mullen believed that the knowledge of the planned killing extended to President Asif Ali Zardari of Pakistan or to Gen. Ashfaq Parvez Kayani, the chief of the Pa-kistani Army. But the official said that Admiral Mullen was “appalled” at learning of the circumstances behind the death of Mr. Shahzad, who, according to one of the doc-tors who conducted the post-mortem, sustained 17 lacera-
ted wounds delivered by a blunt instrument, a ruptured liver and two broken ribs. Mr. Shahzad’s waterlogged body was retrieved May 30 from a canal 60 miles from Islamabad, the Pakistani ca-pital. The ISI has denied any in-volvement in the killing. Husain Haqqani, Pakistan’s ambassador to the United States, said in reaction to Admiral Mullen’s remarks that Pakistan had already appointed a commission to inquire into the death. “Any evidence that our American friends have should be shared with that commission,” Mr. Haqqani said in a telephone interview. “We are as inte-rested in getting to the bot-tom of this matter as anyone else in the world, given our concern about human ri-ghts.” The Obama administration has long expressed alarm about reports of human ri-ghts abuses in Pakistan, par-ticularly a steady stream of accounts from human rights groups that thousands of po-litical separatists and captu-red Taliban insurgents have disappeared into the hands of Pakistan’s police and secu-rity forces. Admiral Mullen’s remarks were significant because he is one of the closest Ameri-can officials to the Pakistani leadership, most notably Ge-neral Kayani. The admiral has traveled to Pakistan more often than any other senior Obama administration offici-al and has had dozens of me-etings over the last four years with General Kayani. Al-
though Admiral Mullen regu-larly says that Pakistan needs to work harder to flush out insurgents on its eastern bor-der, who attack American forces in Afghanistan, he also frequently defends its military. But in this case Admiral Mullen said that he had a “huge concern” about Mr. Shahzad’s death and indica-ted that it had further dama-ged Pakistan’s relationship with the United States. “It’s not a way to move ahead,” he said. “It’s a way to, quite frankly, spiral in the wrong direction.” The White House had no reaction to Admiral Mullen’s remarks, which were not in sync with the Obama admi-nistration’s previous public comments on the killing. While several senior admi-nistration officials had in recent days privately ackno-wledged what the admiral said, his remarks brought into the open what had been a highly classified intelligen-ce assessment. Mr. Shahzad, who wrote pre-dominantly about security and terrorism issues for the Hong Kong-based Asia Ti-mes Online and the Italian news agency Adnkronos In-ternational, disappeared on May 29 in Islamabad, two days after writing an article suggesting that a militant attack on the Pakistani Navy’s main base in Karachi on May 22 was in retaliation for a naval crackdown on Al Qaeda infiltrators in its ranks. Pakistan’s armed forces were humiliated by the 16-hour
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battle at the Navy base, whi-ch shocked the country. The armed forces were even more humiliated by the raid on Bin Laden’s compound in the garrison town of Abbottabad,
which the United States car-ried out without Pakistan’s prior knowledge. Mr. Shah-zad had been receiving thre-ats from the ISI for about three years because of his
reporting, which often relied on sources inside the intelli-gence agencies and inside the Taliban and other militant groups.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • CLARÍN (AR) • DEPORTES • 7/7/2011
Insólito pedido para que le devuelvan puntos a Chicago
La estrategia del ex directivo se basa en lo que dijo Grondona sobre no quitarle puntos a River. Por Hernán Sartori
El estudio jurídico de Pedro D’Attoli queda en la misma manzana de la Asociación del Fútbol Argentino. Por eso tuvo que caminar apenas 200 metros Jorge Casanova, en-viado por el abogado, para entrar a Viamonte 1366. Lle-gó a las 13.05 y se fue a las 13.10. Apenas cinco minutos bastaron para entregar en la entidad una nota para Julio Grondona. En esa misiva, Antonio Filomeno, ex presi-dente de Nueva Chicago, solicitó que al club le devu-elvan los 18 puntos que el Tribunal de Disciplina le quitó en 2007 por los graví-simos incidentes ocurridos en el partido que decretó su des-censo de la Primera División.
Aquel 25 de junio de 2007, cuando Tigre ganaba 2 a 1 en Mataderos y tenía un penal a favor, hinchas del local inva-dieron la cancha y provoca-ron incidentes con los visi-tantes. Afuera del estadio, Marcelo Cejas, hincha de Tigre de 41 años, fue salva-
jemente atacado y falleció en el hospital Santojanni.
El reclamo de Filomeno no es del club, porque ya no es dirigente.
“Lo hago en nombre de los socios vitalicios y no en nombre de la actual Comisi-ón Directiva. Me amparo en la Constitución Nacional y en la igualdad de derechos. Los puntos no deben ser sa-cados, sino que deben ser ganados o perdidos adentro de la cancha”, le comentó Filomeno a Clarín .
Según fuentes confiables consultadas por este diario en la AFA, la nota pasará inadvertida porque no es oficial del club y, sobre to-do, “porque no se puede legislar para atrás” , como comentaron desde las ofici-nas de la entidad.
La estrategia de Filomeno se relaciona con la decisión estrechamente de Grondona de no quitarle puntos a River por los desmanes cometidos
el día de su descenso a la Primera B Nacional.
Por eso en la nota presentada ante la AFA (ver facsimil), Filomeno quiere que a su pedido adhieran “aquellos clubes que han sido sancio-nados con la quita de puntos (...) y aquellos que están pró-ximos a sufrir estas medi-das”.
¿Qué dice el presidente actu-al de Chicago, Gustavo La-canna? “No sé lo que dijo Filomeno ni me interesa. Ahora no quiero hablar mu-cho porque me voy a reunir con Grondona sobre este tema y sobre la deuda que mantiene River con nosotros por el pase de Nicolás Sán-chez”, le respondió a este diario.
Ahora bien, ¿por qué Filo-meno, presidente en el mo-mento de los incidentes, reci-én presenta este pedido a la AFA cuatro años después de aquella sanción? Según el abogado D’Attoli, “el recla-mo salió ahora porque la jurisprudencia evidentemente
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cambió y tomó más trascen-dencia por lo que pasó con River”.
En cuanto a los incidentes, dijo: “Yo llevé la causa y no
hay ningún hincha de Chica-go implicado. No hay argu-mento para quitar puntos al equipo de fútbol cuando la responsabilidad en realidad es de las fuerzas de seguri-
dad. Vamos a esperar la res-puesta de la AFA y seguire-mos con el reclamo directa-mente en la FIFA”.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • CLARÍN (AR) • CIUDADES • 7/7/2011
Lomas: la Justicia frenó la obra de Covelia en una laguna
Estaba rellenando con basura y escombros el espejo de agua para construir un country. Por Nora Sánchez
La Justicia ordenó la parali-zación de la obra que Covelia estaba realizando en la lagu-na Santa Catalina, en la loca-lidad bonaerense de Lomas de Zamora, donde estaba construyendo un country . La resolución fue dictada por el juez federal de Quilmes, Luis Armella, que hizo lugar a una medida cautelar pre-sentada en el marco de la causa Mendoza, en la que la Corte Suprema dispuso el saneamiento del Riachuelo.
La empresa recolectora de residuos, que algunos vincu-lan al camionero Hugo Mo-yano, compró el predio de 650 hectáreas donde se en-cuentra la laguna a fines de 2008. Por el pagó $ 32 mil-lones con el objetivo de construir el country “Solares de Beherán”. El mes pasado
se descubrió que estaba rel-lenando el espejo de agua con tierra, basura y escom-bros, a pesar de que un pro-yecto de ley con media san-ción de la Legislatura bonae-rense propone proteger el predio como una reserva natural . Ante esta situación, la Asociación Argentina de Abogados Ambientalistas presentó un recurso de am-paro. Y ayer el juez Armella le hizo lugar al pedido y fre-nó la obra.
En su resolución, el juez des-taca que el predio y la laguna de Santa Catalina constituyen un humedal de la Cuenca del Río Matanza-Riachuelo, “un bien jurídico colectivo, que alberga una notable biodiver-sidad, posee formaciones boscosas autóctonas e im-plantadas, es un sitio de esca-la y anidaje de aves migrato-rias y posee atributos sufici-
entes que lo llevarían a ser declarado reserva natural”.
Ante la posibilidad de riesgos o daños al ambiente, Armella ordenó a Covelia “la inmedi-ata paralización de toda obra, construcción o actividad en el predio y laguna Santa Ca-talina y la remoción de todo vehículo, maquinaria y mate-rial constructivo del mismo”. También le ordenó a la Mu-nicipalidad de Lomas de Za-mora que se abstenga de ha-bilitar o permitir obras en el lugar. Y dispuso que la auto-ridad de la Cuenca, que es ACUMAR, y la provincia de Buenos Aires ejerzan el po-der de policía en el predio “para garantizar el cese del daño ambiental sobre el ecosistema”. Además, le dio cinco días de plazo a ACU-MAR para hacer un releva-miento del predio y de las obras que Covelia hizo en él.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • CLARÍN (AR) • CIUDADES • 7/7/2011
Por las bajas temperaturas, intensifican la atención a la que gente vive en la calle
Ampliaron a 60 los móviles que recorren la Ciudad. Y los 35 paradores nocturnos están siempre llenos. En la segunda semana con temperaturas por debajo de los 5 grados, la más perjudi-cada es la gente que vive en la calle. El Gobierno porteño calcula que en la Ciudad hay más de 2.000 personas en esa situación y, para asistir-las, reforzó su plan de pre-vención contra el frío. Hay 60 móviles recorriendo las calles, para ofrecerles ir a alguno de los 35 paradores nocturnos, comida caliente y frazadas.
Según el Ministerio de De-sarrollo Social porteño, en las calles viven 1.100 adul-tos, 256 adultos mayores y 700 chicos. El 42% duerme en la Comuna 1, formada por los barrios de Constitución, Monserrat, Puerto Madero, Retiro, San Nicolás y San Telmo. El 11% vive en la 3, que comprende a Balvanera y San Cristóbal, y el 8% en la 4, que incluye a Barracas, La Boca, Pompeya y Parque Patricios.
El plan oficial de prevención contra el frío para ayudar a estas personas empezó el 1° de junio y se extenderá hasta el 31 de agosto. Entre otros recursos, la Ciudad cuenta con 1.700 plazas en disposi-tivos de alojamiento, que permanecen abiertos las 24 horas en los días de menos de 5 grados, considerados de frío polar . Durante estos días, además, los móviles en las calles aumentan de 40 a 60. En el operativo trabajan 750 personas, entre volunta-rios, personal de los parado-res, la gente que recorre las calles y los operadores del 108, la línea de emergencias de Desarrollo Social.
“En los últimos días desple-gamos el operativo extraor-dinario porque este invierno el frío llegó antes –explica la ministra de Desarrollo Soci-al, María Eugenia Vidal–. Primero le ofrecemos a la gente la posibilidad de ir a un alojamiento y, a los que se
niegan, les dejamos frazada, ropa de abrigo, comida caliente e infusiones. Tambi-én hay equipos que trabajan con los chicos, con quienes nos reunimos en puntos de encuentro para llevarlos a refugios”.
Desde el 1° de junio, el Go-bierno porteño realizó 300 traslados a paradores . “En-tre la gente que va por sus propios medios y la que tras-ladamos, se ocupa un prome-dio de 1.580 de las 1.780 plazas disponibles por no-che”, dice Vidal. En total, se realizaron 11.000 interven-ciones, porque a veces con-tactan a la misma persona varias veces en un día. Como parte de esas operaciones, se entregaron 8.500 viandas calientes, 6.700 viandas se-cas, 8.000 litros de mate co-cido, 5.000 equipos de invi-erno con medias, guantes, bufanda y gorro, y 6.300 frazadas. Mientras, la línea 108 recibió 7.783 llamadas.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • CLARÍN (AR) • SOCIEDAD • 7/7/2011
Buenos Aires y la violencia doméstica El informe de ONU Mujeres destaca la creación, en 2008, de la Oficina de Violencia Doméstica (OVD) de la Cor-te Suprema de Justicia en la Argentina. Fue un proyecto del equipo de la jueza Elena Highton de Nolasco, y contó con apoyo de Unifem, Unicef y el PNUD. Funciona las 24 horas los 365 días del año en Lavalle 1250, donde las víctimas reciben asistencia inmediata
y gratuita de un equipo mul-tidisciplinario que incluye abogados y abogadas, médi-cos, psicólogas, trabajadoras y trabajadores sociales, quie-nes ofrecen servicios de apo-yo, recolección de evidenci-as, evaluaciones de riesgo y recomendación de medidas para la protección de la víc-tima. Con el mismo fin de garanti-zar el acceso a la justicia se han creado OVD en las pro-
vincias de Tucumán, Santia-go del Estero y Salta. De la otra ministra de la Cor-te Suprema de la Nación, Carmen Argibay, depende la Oficina de la Mujer, cuyo objetivo es la incorporación de la perspectiva de género en el Poder Judicial de todo el país, mediante investiga-ciones y capacitaciones.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • CLARÍN (AR) • SOCIEDAD • 7/7/2011
Según la ONU, hay millones de mujeres sin acceso a la Justicia Por Sibila Camps Durante el siglo pasado, la conquista de derechos para las mujeres se tradujo en numerosas leyes. Sin embar-go, para millones de mujeres en el mundo, esto no se refle-jó en mayor igualdad y justi-cia. Esta es la principal con-clusión de El progreso de las mujeres en el mundo, el primer informe de ONU Mu-jeres, titulado En busca de la justicia . Creado hace un año, el orga-nismo que preside la ex pre-sidenta de Chile, Michelle Bachelet, eligió un enfoque claro y contundente para su “informe insignia” –como lo denomina–, para ilustrar los avances y las deudas en ma-teria de igualdad de género .
Señala que, si bien ese dere-cho está consagrado en las Constituciones de 139 países, la falta de leyes adecuadas y de implementación de las normas existentes, “convier-ten a estas garantías en pro-mesas vacías” con poco im-pacto en la vida cotidiana. En 1911, las mujeres sólo podían votar en dos países (en Argentina, desde 1947), mientras que ahora es un derecho casi universal. Pero en la gran mayoría de los Estados, la representación femenina en los parlamentos es inferior al 30% –en Ar-gentina, el 38%–, cuando existen numerosas evidencias de que la mayor proporción de legisladoras acelera las
reformas a favor de los de-rechos de las mujeres . En 125 países está penalizada la violencia doméstica, cuyas víctimas son en su inmensa mayoría mujeres, a manos de su pareja o ex pareja. Sin embargo 603 millones de mujeres viven en países don-de no constituye un delito. En la Argentina se penaliza la violencia doméstica, la violación conyugal y el acoso sexual; pero el acceso con-creto a la justicia se convier-te, como en la mayoría de los países, en una carrera de obs-táculos. El documento de ONU Muje-res observa que la cadena de justicia se caracteriza por altos niveles de abandono, por lo que es ínfimo el por-
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centaje de causas que termina en sentencia justa. No obs-tante el informe destaca la creación, en Buenos Aires, de la Oficina de Violencia Doméstica de la Corte Su-prema de Justicia (ver Bue-nos...). El documento dedica todo un capítulo a la justicia y la re-paración tras la violencia de género durante los conflictos. La violencia sexual, expone, siempre se ha utilizado sis-temáticamente “como una táctica de guerra”, para con-tagiar el VIH, provocar em-barazos, obligar al éxodo de la población y aterrorizar a comunidades enteras. Recién en 1993, con la crea-ción del Tribunal Penal Internacional para la ex Yugoslavia, se reconoció la violencia sexual como cri-men de lesa humanidad. En la Argentina, las denuncias en ese sentido, por delitos cometidos por el terrorismo de Estado, comenzaron a presentarse hace un par de años.
Dar alfabetización legal a las mujeres acerca de sus derechos, es para el organis-mo tan importante como ca-pacitar a juezas y jueces en perspectiva de género , y dar seguimiento a sus senten-cias. El documento no lo menciona, pero la formación en perspectiva de género de todo el personal del Poder Judicial es otra de las tareas emprendidas por la Corte argentina, desde la Oficina de la Mujer. La legislación laboral es muy despareja en el mundo: mien-tras en buena parte de Medio Oriente y África, las mujeres tienen un acceso muy res-tringido al trabajo, en Euro-pa, la licencia paga por ma-ternidad puede llegar, como en Suecia, hasta 480 días. En cuanto a la brecha salarial, en un relevamiento de 83 países, la Confederación Internacio-nal de Sindicatos la ubica entre el 10 y el 30% (en Ar-gentina es del 29%). En materia de salud y dere-chos reproductivos, ha creci-
do mucho el porcentaje de partos atendidos por personal médico especializado, aun-que con varias excepciones alarmantes (apenas 6% en Etiopía, 26% en Haití, por citar sólo dos países). Son mucho peores los indicadores globales de anticonceptivos y de mortalidad materna. En la Argentina, la tasa de mortalidad materna casi no ha mejorado en dos décadas: 72 por cada 100.000 nacidos vivos en 1990, y 70 en 2008. En buena medida se relacio-na con el hecho de que, se-gún el informe, nuestro país tiene una de las leyes más restrictivas del mundo en materia de aborto . Que los fondos no sean em-pleados de manera discrimi-natoria es otra de las claves para equilibrar la balanza. Los 49.300 millones de dóla-res que el Banco Mundial distribuirá entre 2011 y 2014 entre los países pobres irán a cuatro áreas prioritarias, y una será la igualdad de géne-ro.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • CLARÍN (AR) • MUNDO • 7/7/2011
Un famoso intelectual aliado de Chávez arremete ahora contra el régi-men
El estadounidense Noam Chomsky dice que Venezuela no garantiza la justicia. Por Silvina Heguy
“Noam Chomsky denuncia a su viejo amigo Hugo Chávez por ‘asalto’ contra la demo-cracia”. El título de la nota publicada por el diario britá-nico The Guardian el do-
mingo pasado desató una ola de idas y vueltas entre cha-vistas y antichavistas. El lin-güista estadounidense había escrito una carta abierta a los venezolanos para pedir por la liberación de la jueza María Lourdes Afiuni, detenida en
Caracas desde 2009 y contra quien Chávez exigió 30 años de condena por haber libera-do a un banquero detenido sin condena y que el régimen consideraba corrupto. La dramática historia de esta mujer que enfermó de cán-
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cer en la cárcel y a quien se le negó atención médica especializada , se reactualizó ayer cuando rechazó que se le inicie su juicio oral porque consideró que su juez no es imparcial. Chomsky aclaró después que el diario inglés había malinterpretado su crítica al presidente venezo-lano, pero el lingüista no dudó en cuestionar la inde-pendencia de la justicia venezolana y aseguró que Chávez no debió ordenar esa detención.
La crítica de Chomsky no es cualquier crítica porque vie-ne de uno de los intelectuales que más apoyó al gobierno chavista, y tampoco es cual-quier caso el de la jueza Afi-uni. La magistrada fue dete-nida el 10 diciembre de 2009 por haber liberado al banque-ro Eligio Cedeño. La jueza consideró –según el artículo 244 del Código Procesal Pe-nal– que no puede mantener-se privado de libertad a nadie por más de dos años sin sen-tencia condenatoria. Tras su liberación, Cedeño se fue del país y Afiuni terminó en la cárcel .
La sorprendente medida se produjo después de que Chá-
vez calificara a Afiuni de “bandida” y que debía ser castigada con “pena máxima de 30 años”. Según el régi-men, había recibido dinero para ayudar al imputado pero no se informó sobre pruebas de ese delito. La ex jueza denunció haber sido golpea-da y acosada en la cárcel, donde había mujeres que condenó, y que no recibió tratamiento médico para su enfermedad.
A fines del año pasado se inició un movimiento inter-nacional en su apoyo. Y, a principios de 2011, se le dic-tó prisión domiciliaria y se le permitió acudir a un hospital oncológico. Chomsky envió a varios medios de comuni-cación una carta en apoyo a la jueza.
“La jueza Afiuni –escribió– ha sufrido demasiado. Ha sido objeto de actos de vio-lencia y humillaciones que minan su dignidad humana. Estoy convencido de que debe ser liberada, no sólo por sus condiciones físicas y si-cológicas, sino de conformi-dad a la defensa de la digni-dad humana que la revoluci-ón bolivariana presenta como una meta”.
En la entrevista con The Guardian ( www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/jul/04/noam-chomsky-venezuela ), Chomsky asegu-ra que cualquier concentraci-ón de poder por parte del Ejecutivo de un país, salvo determinadas excepciones como una guerra, es un asalto a la democracia. Chomsky dice que éste es un “debate legítimo” para dar en Vene-zuela, pero que en su opinión “esto no sucede”. En otro párrafo critica la acción de Chávez contra la jueza.
Ante la pregunta del diario sobre la falta de independen-cia judicial en Venezuela, Chomsky dijo: “No lo he investigado de cerca. Mi sos-pecha es que el Poder Judi-cial no es tan independiente como debería ser.” Desde hace un año, Noam Chomsky trabajó con el Centre for human rights Policy de la Universidad de Harvard en este caso. Y explicó que ha-bía enviado varias cartas al gobierno venezolano en pri-vado y que no fueron res-pondidas. Por eso hizo públi-ca la del domingo.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • CLARÍN (AR) • SOCIEDAD • 7/7/2011
Críticas al oficialismo por no debatir en el Congreso la trata de personas
Además, las meretrices afirman que la medida cercena sus derechos. El decreto que prohíbe los avisos publicitarios de oferta sexual, publicado ayer en el Boletín Oficial, generó am-plias y variadas repercusio-nes en legisladores y organi-zaciones que luchan contra la trata de personas. Si bien hubo un consenso mayorita-rio en que la medida es un buen punto de partida, hubo fuertes reclamos por una ley de fondo para combatir la trata de personas.
Entre los legisladores hubo posiciones encontradas. El presidente del bloque de di-putados de la UCR, Ricardo Gil Lavedra, afirmó que el decreto “constituye una nue-va afrenta al Congreso por parte del Poder Ejecutivo y una nueva maniobra destina-da a intentar apropiarse apre-suradamente de eventuales beneficios políticos en tiem-pos electorales”. Además, destacó que “desde el bloque de la UCR hemos solicitado en distintas oportunidades su tratamiento, a lo que se ha negado el bloque oficialista, pues se prefiere gobernar al margen de la Constitución”.
La diputada Fernanda Gil Lozano dijo que “la presiden-ta marca mucho el Rubro 59 porque tiene un problema personal con Clarín , pero todos los diarios, incluso los que lleva adelante el Gobier-no con su propio dinero, también tienen estos avisos”.
Por su parte, la diputada Ce-cilia Merchán celebró la ini-ciativa, pero remarcó sus limitaciones. “El delito de trata de personas debe ser enfrentado desde políticas integrales que contemplen la prevención del delito, la promoción de los derechos de las mujeres, y la asistencia a las víctimas de trata para no volver a caer en las redes”, dijo. Y la diputada María Luisa Storani también se refirió al tema: “La elimina-ción del rubro 59 es una bue-na iniciativa, lástima que se limita solo a los medios grá-ficos”. Se refiere a que el decreto firmado por la presi-denta no incluye a los avisos que, por ejemplo, se publican en Internet o se reparten en la calle. “Además –agregó Sto-rani– durante lo que va del año varias diputadas estamos solicitando el tratamiento urgente de la modificación de la Ley de Trata”.
A su vez, la medida fue criti-cada por la asociación de meretrices AMMAR porque “criminaliza” su actividad. “El decreto no sólo no acaba-rá con la trata de personas con fines de explotación se-xual, sino que cercena el de-recho de nosotras, las traba-jadoras autónomas, de publi-citar nuestros servicios”, a-nunció a través de un comu-nicado.
Y agrega: “El error en el en-foque no es gratuito, pues deja libre el campo de acción para aquellos que lucran, delinquiendo y aprovechán-dose del infortunio ajeno. El Gobierno no debe dejarse llevar por supuestas solucio-nes mágicas. Tapar el pro-blema no es una solución, mucho menos si conlleva la triste consecuencia de seguir avasallando los derechos de miles de personas que hace-mos de la oferta de servicios sexuales por propia voluntad, nuestra forma de vida.” En cambio, Viviana Caminos, de la Red Nacional Alto al Trá-fico, la trata y a la Explotaci-ón Sexual Comercial, mostró su satisfacción “porque de-trás de esos avisos hay redes de prostitución y trata”, y señaló que “la trata también tiene que ver con lugares donde se explota la prostitu-ción –hasta peloteros, bares, parrillas enmascaran un pros-tíbulo–, y esos avisos muchas veces tienen que ver con esos prostíbulos”.
Ayer, el ministro de Justicia y Derechos Humanos, Julio Alak, anunció que se avanza-rá contra las páginas web en las que se ofrece sexo, como una medida complementaria.
Por último, la diputada na-cional Juliana Di Tullio afir-mó que el decreto “es un golpe importante contra la trata porque las ofertas en los
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diarios eran la puerta de en-trada” para este delito. Y la legisladora porteña María Elena Naddeo destacó que el decreto viene a “interpretar el reclamo y las propuestas del movimiento de mujeres, que son quienes están luchando por la erradicación de la ex-plotación sexual y la trata de personas”.
El decreto
Ayer se publicó en el Boletín Oficial el decreto 936 que prohíbe “los avisos que pro-muevan la oferta sexual o hagan explícita o implícita referencia a la solicitud de personas destinadas al co-mercio sexual, por cualquier medio”.
También crea una Oficina de Monitoreo de publicación de avisos de oferta de comercio sexual, dependiente del Mi-nisterio de Justicia, como autoridad de aplicación, que se encargará de realizar el monitoreo de medios gráfi-cos.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • CLARÍN (AR) • POLÍTICA • 7/7/2011
Polémica por la realización de Tecnópolis en campaña
Es una exposición que requirió una inversión millonaria. Las obras se atrasaron y Cris-tina no podrá inaugurarla a 48 horas de la elección porteña. Pero tendrá impacto políti-co si llega a haber balotaje. Por Juan Cruz Sanz
Los tiempos originales no se cumplieron pero la presiden-ta Cristina Fernández de Kir-chner ya tiene una fecha de-finida para lo que será la i-nauguración de la Feria de Ciencia y Tecnología “Tec-nópolis”.
No será este viernes, como estaba previsto, pero el corte de cintas será el próximo 14 de julio . La agenda alterna-tiva no es la ideal pero en una suerte de análisis de campaña, el resultado no le disgustó a la Casa Rosada. Si no hay sorpresas electorales este domingo, la ciudad de Buenos Aires tendrá que de-finir a su nuevo jefe de Gobi-erno en un balotaje el próxi-mo 31 de julio. En ese tiem-po, el Gobierno Nacional espera adueñarse de la a-genda , con la apertura de la megaferia que tendrá su sede
en Villa Martelli a metros de la General Paz, en el borde con la Capital Federal.
Según la oposición, la mues-tra le insumirá al Gobierno Nacional un gasto de al me-nos 650 millones de pesos . Su instalación, a nueve días de la inauguración, enfrenta una fuerte pelea política en el Concejo Deliberante de Vicente López, porque to-davía carece de habilitación municipal. Para la aprobaci-ón del proyecto, 50 hectá-reas de Martelli deben ser rezonificadas, algo que una parte de los concejales no están dispuestos a aprobar. Hoy sesionarán por el tema.
Según el proyecto original, el Gobierno Nacional es el en-cargado de la infraestructura general de la feria, pero ade-más numerosos ministerios y organismos públicos estarán
presentes con sus distintos stands.
Desde Balcarce 50 se defien-den de las críticas y aseguran que el costo total no supera-rá los $ 50 millones . A principios de este año, el secretario de Cultura de la Nación, Jorge Coscia, sostu-vo que el costo rondaría entre los $ 30 y 40 millones. El sitio en Internet de la Secre-taría General de la Presiden-cia, a cargo del neuquino, Oscar Parrilli, es un claro ejemplo del despliegue logís-tico que está insumiendo Tecnópolis. Sólo en su pági-na principal, Presidencia tie-ne abiertas licitaciones en 15 rubros bien diversos. Pantal-las de LED; compra, cons-trucción, montaje y desmon-taje del pabellón central, los pabellones temáticos, la ins-talación eléctrica y los pisos del sector “CONTINENTE FUEGO”; módulos móviles
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para uso gastronómico; me-gáfonos amplificadores por-tátiles manos libres mp3 re-cargables para la comunica-ción de autoridades y organi-zadores; matafuegos y telas, son algunos de los pedidos. Eso sí, en algunas de las lici-taciones no se puede saber cuánto es el presupuesto para cada compra. Al menos 3.000 trabajadores están tra-bajando a contra reloj para llegar al 14 de julio. Cerca de 25 estudios de arquitectura publicitaria están involucra-dos en el montaje de la me-gamuestra.
La estrategia oficial apunta a generar el mismo furor y convocatoria que se tuvo en la fiesta del Bicentenario. Incluso para este caso tambi-én se encargará la Unidad Bicentenario, al mando del productor teatral, Javier Grosman. Las expectativas para el “parque temático inte-ractivo”, como se lo denomi-na en los papeles oficiales son grandes y el techo es muy alto. Como no puede ser de otra manera también esta-rá el grupo artístico Fuerza-bruta.
Que Tecnópolis se inaugure en medio de la pelea por la jefatura de la ciudad de Bue-nos Aires no es casual. Mau-ricio Macri no le permitió al Gobierno Nacional que la feria se instale en suelo porteño (se pensaba realizar en 130.000 m2, entre Canal 7 y Parque Thays). Detrás de la pelea por el rédito político, Macri aseguró su negativa indicando que la feria iba afectar la circulación vehicu-lar sobre Figueroa Alcorta, Libertador y “el boulevard que está detrás de la Facultad de Derecho”. La Casa Rosa-da tiene los números en las carpetas y los funcionarios ya tienen el discurso armado. Si Tecnópolis deslumbra, como es probable, las críticas a-puntarán directamente a Macri con Daniel Filmus y Carlos Tomada como voce-ros.
En el macrismo se agarran la cabeza y por lo bajo recono-cen que la negativa fue un error. Un dato clave es que si se aceptaba el proyecto ori-ginal, Tecnópolis se iba a realizar a finales del año pa-sado, sin elecciones en el medio. “Se decidió sin el almanaque en la mano”, sos-
tienen en el PRO. El parque que representará 200 años de historia de la ciencia y la tecnología en la Argentina, tendrá su acceso principal sobre la colectora de General Paz. El ingreso será a través de un arco metálico, desde donde colgará un enorme libro de acero que representa-rá a la Constitución. El pri-mer sector será llevará la temática del “Aire”. Los o-tros tres pabellones serán “Tierra”, “Fuego” e “Imagi-nación”.
En los últimos 30 días, Tec-nópolis tuvo sus marchas y contramarchas, entre ellas, la expulsión del proyecto de Meldorek , la empresa de Sergio Schoklender, que no sólo iba a construir el stand de la Fundación Madres de Plaza de Mayo sino que a-demás iba a exponer sus casas prefabricadas . A la Argentina y para la megamu-estra llegará la famosa cápsu-la chilena Fénix, en la que se rescataron a los 33 mineros de la mina San José. No sea cosa que con el resultado puesto, algún político quiera usarla para llegar al centro de la tierra.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • CLARÍN (AR) • SOCIEDAD • 7/7/2011
Para Argibay, falta “la pata del Ejecutivo” La ministra de la Corte Su-prema, Carmen Argibay, sostuvo que “la sociedad tiene que saber que nuestro país es origen y tránsito para el secuestro de niños con el fin de ser explotarlos sexu-almente”, en una conferencia realizada en el Colegio de Escribanos de la Ciudad. “Este es el momento de dar el empujón más grande al respeto del derecho de las mujeres. Hay especiales con-diciones de vulnerabilidad
que hacen imposible el con-cepto de consentimiento de la víctima. Vaya a saber por qué la gente se escandaliza y reacciona más con la esclavi-tud laboral que con la escla-vitud sexual: creo que es porque no sabemos qué es la esclavitud sexual”. Argibay destacó que desde la Oficina de la Mujer se firmó un convenio con la Procura-ción General para combatir la trata de personas, aunque
remarcó que “nos falta la otra pata: la del Poder Ejecutivo”. La magistrada remarcó que “hay que revertir el mito de las necesidades masculinas que parecen ser irrefrenables porque se les ha puesto la característica de instinto. Es otra manifestación del des-precio hacia las mujeres, y es por eso que los hombres se creen con derecho a utilizar-las, explotarlas, a comprarlas, a venderlas y más”.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • CLARÍN (AR) • POLÍTICA • 7/7/2011
Fuerte cruce entre Urtubey y el Gobierno por la falta de gas
El gobernador salteño consiguió un amparo judicial obligando a normalizar el abaste-cimiento de gas a su provincia. Le contestó el Enargas, donde dijeron que la responsabi-lidad era provincial. Entonces el salteño acusó a Planificación. Por Jesús Rodríguez
La batalla por los cortes de gas planteada entre Salta y el gobierno nacional cobró ayer mayor intensidad al registrar-se tres amparos judiciales favorables a la provincia y un fuerte cruce de acusaciones entre el gobernador Juan Manuel Urtubey y el inter-ventor del Enargas, Antonio Pronsato.
El titular del juzgado federal Nº 1 de Salta, Julio Bavio hizo lugar a los recursos de amparos que presentaron el fiscal de Estado y los diputa-
dos Guillermo Durand Cor-nejo y Javier David para que se restablezcan de inmedia-to el suministro de gas y la provisión de combustibles líquidos a las estaciones de servicios de la provincia.
En el caso del gas, el magis-trado ordenó al Enargas (ente regulador que depende del ministerio de Planificación y que dispone los cortes de servicios) a la empresa TGN (encargada de entregar el gas a la distribuidora Gasnor) que “dispongan la provisión de gas en cantidad suficien-te a la provincia para que sus
habitantes dispongan del fluido adecuada y regular-mente hasta que se dicte sen-tencia definitiva bajo aperci-bimiento de desobediencia judicial”.
En tanto, frente a la marcada escasez de naftas y gasoil, el juez resolvió intimar a la Nación para que aplique “la Ley de Abastecimiento para garantizar la suficiente y regular provisión de combus-tibles para toda la provincia de Salta”.
Ante los corte de gas que estaban sufriendo las indus-
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trias y que en los últimos días se extendieron a deter-minados zonas urbanas, el mandatario salteño resolvió el lunes impulsar un recurso de amparo para que los fun-cionarios nacionales y la em-presa TGN normalicen el abastecimiento a la provinci-a.
Con esa jugada, Urtubey – que fue reelecto en abril con casi el 60% de los votos y que ya anticipó su intención de presentarse como candi-dato a presidente en 2015 – se puso al frente de las pro-testas y reclamos que vienen efectuado los usuarios y em-presarios de la provincia que se ven afectados por los res-tricciones en el suministro de gas.
El gobernador ya había to-mado distancia de la Casa Rosada a mediados de junio cuando alentó a las empre-sas locales a no cumplir con las órdenes de corte del
Enargas, con la garantía de que la provincia iba a asumir el pago de las multas que decida aplicar la Nación.
Desde Buenos Aires, el que salió a retrucar a Urtubey fue el interventor del ente regu-lador, Antonio Pronsato qui-en sostuvo que “no es la falta de gas” lo que afecta el nor-mal abastecimiento en la capital salteña, sino la “falta de caños” por una obra que debió haber concluido la provincia.
“Hay un refuerzo de la ali-mentación, con un caño de 12 kilómetros de extensión y 6 pulgadas de diámetro a la cámara Salta Norte, que de-bió haber terminado la admi-nistración provincial pero que recién se va a habilitar el próximo lunes”, destacó Pronsato.
Por su parte, Urtubey retrucó que las obras más urgentes están demoradas porque el
ministerio de Planificación y el órgano de control tienen frenados desde hace varios meses los convenios para autorizar el inicio de los tra-bajos.
El gobernador señaló que “para el comienzo de la obra que está en curso con fondos provinciales fue necesario esperar tres meses el trámite de autorización del Enargas que recién fue otorgado el 13 de abril pasado”.
Por la tarde, Urtubey encaró el problema desde otra pers-pectiva: planteó a Sebastián Eskenazi e Ignacio Morán, CEO y director general de YPF, la pronta regularización del abastecimiento de naftas en Salta. Al término de la reunión, que fue en Buenos Aires, el gobernador estimó que en las próximas 48 horas podría quedar superada la situación.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • FRANKSURTER ALLGEMEINE (BL) • FEUILLETON • 7/7/2011 • 10:42:54
Präimplantationsdiagnostik: Wider den PID-Alarmismus
Das Szenario einer frevelhaften Optimierung des Menschen durch Technologie ist ein Phantasma, durch keine Empirie gedeckt. Vor allem: Befruchtete Eizellen sind noch kei-ne Individuen. Von Jürgen Kaube
Der Bundestag entscheidet am 6. Juli über die Präimplantationsdiagnostik (PID). Umstritten ist, ob Paa-re, die eine schwere Erb-krankheit ihres Kindes befür-chten müssen, an Embryonen
prüfen lassen dürfen, ob auf diese ein solcher Erbschaden übertragen wurde. Diese Prü-fung erfolgt bei künstlicher Befruchtung vor der Einp-flanzung in die Gebärmutter. Es geht also darum, ob sol-che Paare gegebenenfalls das Recht haben, frühe Embryo-
nen auch nicht einpflanzen zu lassen. Der einzige Grund, der dem entgegenstehen könnte, läge darin, dass eine solche befruchtete Eizelle bereits ein Mensch im Sinne des Grundgesetzes wäre.
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Man muss an diesen einzigen Grund erinnern, weil inzwis-chen so viele scheinbare vor-getragen worden sind. Das geschieht etwa durch all die-jenigen, die den Begriff des „Dammbruches“ im Munde führen. Sie erkennen an, dass die Erkrankungen, die vorli-egen müssen, wenn in ande-ren Ländern PID zugelassen wird – beispielsweise akute spinale Muskelatrophie, Mu-koviszidose, Addison-Schilder-Syndrom –, Famili-en grausam belasten können; nicht zuletzt dann, wenn s-chon eine Reihe Fehlgebur-ten oder legaler Abtreibun-gen vorherging oder ein Kind mit entsprechender Krankheit zur Welt kam und auf den vorzeitigen, qualvollen Tod sicher zuläuft.
Doch das hält sie nicht von jenem Kulturpessimismus ab, den sie „Technikfolgenabschätzung“ nennen. Man tut so, als sei hier individueller Nutzen gegen kollektive Gefahren abzuwägen. Die Anwendung der PID, heißt es, lasse sich nicht begrenzen. Denn der medizinische Fortschritt so-wie eine gesellschaftliche Neigung zur Optimierung von Menschen würden über kurz oder lang für eine Aus-weitung sorgen.
Dann, wird spekuliert, werde von der Darmpolypenkran-kheit über den Bluthoch-druck bis zum Geschlecht des späteren Kindes aus allen möglichen „Belastungen“ die Lizenz zur Selektion von Embryonen gezogen. Man-chen genügen ein paar medi-zinische Aufsätze sowie die
von zwei englischen Profes-soren propagierte „vorgebur-tliche Verbesserung“, um kommende Inhumanitäten zu ahnen.
In Großbritannien selbst liegt seit Zulassung der PID 1992 die Zahl der jährlichen Fälle bei 214, also 3,6 auf eine Million Einwohner. Kein von den staatlichen Kommissio-nen zugelassener Fall hat dort Präzedenzwirkung für andere, es wird individuell entschieden. Selbst im regu-lierungsarmen Belgien bleibt es bei 350 Vorgängen im Jahr, wovon man mindestens hundert deutsche Paare abzi-ehen muss, die sich des ande-ren Rechtssystems bedienen. Zum Vergleich: Im Jahr 2009 gab es hierzulande mehr als 110.000 Schwangerschaft-sabbrüche.
Die PID ist aufwendig, unsi-cher und erfolgt unter hohem Leidensdruck der Betroffe-nen. Die Suggestion, es dro-he genetisches Shopping, zielt auf Reflexe, empirisch ist sie haltlos, den Ärzten und den Paaren gegenüber eine Unverschämtheit. Es gibt keinen Hinweis auf einen Dammbruch.
Das wird auch nicht durch die Behauptung anders, die PID sei im Ausland inzwis-chen das Standardverfahren bei künstlicher Befruchtung. Die ehemalige Staatssekretärin im hessis-chen Umweltministerium, Ulrike Riedel, hat sie wider bessere Wissensmöglichkeiten einer Rechtsanwältin in die Welt gesetzt (PID: Man wird mehr
Embryonen brauchen). Tatsächlich nutzen nur 0,3 Prozent aller In-vitro-Befruchtungen weltweit auch die PID.„Dammbruch“ ist keine Kategorie des Rechts. Entweder handelt es sich bei der PID um die Tötung eines hilflosen Individuums.
Dann spielt es für ein Verbot gar keine Rolle, ob sich das Spektrum möglicher Nützli-chkeiten einer solchen Tat in Zukunft erweitert. Oder es wird kein Individuum getötet. Dann sind Unkenru-fe, medizinische Machbarkeit verändere unser Verhältnis zu Gesundheit, Schwangers-chaft, Schicksal, nicht einschlägig. Wer Leid nicht hinnehmen will und dabei kein anderes verursacht, darf nicht daran gehindert wer-den. Wenn die PID keine Person schädigt, sondern nur einem Weltbild widerspricht, muss im liberalen Rechtssta-at das Weltbild zurückstehen.
Zur Geburt gesunder Kinder gezwungen?
Wie sähe das Argument an-dernfalls auch aus? Will man dem Paar mit einem prospek-tiv kurz nach der Geburt sterbenden Kind denn sagen: Ja, eure Qual können wir verstehen, aber leider kann der Staat den vernünftigen Gebrauch dieser Technik eventuell nicht garantieren, also ist er auch untersagt? Wir sind konservativ, mithin müsst ihr leiden? Und was wäre das für ein Staat, der sich außerstande sähe, den Missbrauch dessen zu ve-rhindern, was er im Einzel-
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fall für human und für ein Recht hält?
Die Frage ist also nur, ob es human und ein Recht ist. Sie schlägt auch eine weitere Form des Unbehagens an der gegenwärtigen Zivilisation aus dem Feld. Behauptet wird, es entstehe zunehmend ein sozialer und gesundheitsökonomischer Druck auf Paare, nur noch gesunde Kinder zur Welt zu bringen.
Die Statistik, die das belegen soll, zeigt einen Rückgang der Kinder mit Down-Syndrom seit Einführung der pränatalen Diagnostik (PND). Mit anderen Worten: Es findet nach Fruchtwasser-diagnosen zunehmend ein Schwangerschaftsabbruch statt. Für viele Frauen, die älter als Mitte dreißig sind, ist Schwangerschaft also schon heute das, was manche als Folge der PID bezeich-nen, nämlich „Schwangers-chaft auf Probe“.
Das liegt an den Risikotabel-len, die den Paaren gezeigt werden, an der Diagnostik und daran, dass ein Abbruch strafrechtlich nicht verfolgt wird. Nicht wenige Kritiker der PID würden das gern wieder ändern; die katholis-chen Juristen Ernst-Wolfgang Böckenförde und Christian Hillgruber haben in dieser Zeitung (Es gibt keine Gleichheit im Unrecht) we-nig Zweifel daran gelassen. Man könnte von einem in-tendierten Dammbruch in entgegengesetzter Stoßrichtung sprechen: Wenn PID unzulässig ist, so wird
das Argument lauten, wie kann dann Abtreibung auf-grund von PND zulässig se-in?
Im Vergleich zur Entschie-denheit, mit der solche Juris-ten die Abtreibungsfrage zur Wiedervorlage bringen wol-len, dokumentiert die Be-hauptung, es existiere sozia-ler Druck zum gesunden Kind, nur ein zeitdiagnostis-ches Daherreden. An der rückläufigen Zahl der Kinder mit Down-Syndrom lässt sich nämlich nicht unters-cheiden, ob sie auf individu-ellem Entscheiden oder auf gefühlten Pressionen beruht. Reicht schon der ärztliche Hinweis, es sich gut zu über-legen, aus, um von Pression zu sprechen?
Für wie unmündig hält man denn die Paare? Und für wie gewissenlos die Bürger? Nehmen wir beispielsweise die Einrede, Behinderte ers-chienen bei erlaubter PID als diejenigen, „die eigentlich nicht da sein sollten“ (Böckenförde). Wie weit will man es mit der Verwirrung der Urteilskraft treiben? Tei-len denn auch kinderlose Paare mit, dass es Kinder eigentlich nicht geben sollte?
Dass es Kindern mit Down-Syndrom seit Existenz der PND schlechter ginge, weil ihre Existenz als eigentlich unnötig abgewertet worden wäre, ist nicht bekannt. Die Fürsorge für sie nimmt zu, nicht ab. Und käme jemals ein Gesetzgeber, der die Zu-wendungen dafür mit dem Argument streichen wollte, sie seien ja vermeidbar ge-
wesen, dann wäre dies der richtige Zeitpunkt für einen Aufschrei, aber nicht die Debatte über Embryonens-chutz.
Technologiekritik und freihändig erstellte Zeitdiag-nosen, Klagen über die Ökonomisierung alles Sozia-len und strategische Züge auf dem Weg zu einer Revision des Paragraphen 218 – all das lenkt nur von der ele-mentaren Schwäche der Kri-tik an der PID ab. Ist es ein menschliches Wesen, das missachtet wird, wenn es zur Wahl zwischen Embryonen kommt? Ein Individuum ist es jedenfalls nicht. Im betref-fenden Stadium ist die Ents-cheidung, ob aus dem Embr-yo Mehrlinge werden, noch nicht gefällt. Die befruchtete Eizelle ist noch nicht unver-wechselbar, die „Entwic-klung eines einzelnen indivi-duellen Menschen“ (Böckenförde) hat noch nicht begonnen.
Es gibt ein einzigartiges ge-netisches Programm, aber noch keine humane Identität. Es stimmt einfach nicht, dass hier zu Testzwecken Kinder gezeugt und dann getötet werden.Dass zwei Drittel aller befruchteten Eizellen auch bei natürlicher Befruch-tung sich nicht einnisten, wäre für die Kritiker der PID ebenfalls Stoff zum Nach-denken. Wollen sie diesen Vorgang wirklich als vorge-burtliches Massensterben von Grundrechtsträgern ansehen? Die Darstellung von Frauen, die zur Verhütung die Spirale nutzen, als Massentöterinnen scheuen sie jedenfalls. In der
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Rechtsprechung hätten sie dafür auch keine Grundlage.
Dabei „verwirft“ die Spirale ausnahmslos alle befruchte-ten Eizellen dieses Stadiums. Doch diese Praxis wird nicht attackiert, weil sie nichts hergibt für sinistre Szenarien einer fortschrittsgetriebenen,
industriellen, embryonenver-nichtenden Reproduktions-medizin. Sie passt auch nicht zum Bild von Frauen, die sich gewissenlos sozialem Druck beugen. Die Kritiker der PID wollen ein staatli-ches Ersatzgewissen durch-setzen. Das der Bürger spri-
cht ihnen nicht laut genug, weil es nicht nach Art ihres eigenen spricht. Ein geschädigtes Subjekt können sie nicht nachweisen, darum weichen sie in Orakel und Unterstellungen aus.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • FRANKSURTER ALLGEMEINE (BL) • POLITIK • 7/7/2011 • 12:29:47
Menschenrechtler: „400 Festnahmen bei Demonstrationen in Weißrussland“ Die Regierung Weißrusslands geht weiter mit großer Härte gegen Demonstranten vor. Nach Angaben von Menschenrechtlern seien seit Mittwoch 400 Menschen festgenommen worden. Das amerikanische Abgeordnetenhaus billigte derweil ein Gesetz zur Unterstüt-zung der Demokratie in Weißrussland. Bei neuen Demonstrationen in Weißrussland gegen Sta-atschef Alexander Lukas-chenka sind nach Angaben einer Menschenrechtsgruppe rund 400 Menschen festge-nommen worden. Mindestens 180 Menschen seien am Mittwochabend in der Hauptstadt Minsk festge-nommen worden, weitere 220 in anderen Städten des Landes, teilte die Organisati-on Wiasna am Donnerstag mit. Es war bereits das sechs-te Mal binnen weniger Wo-chen, dass die Menschen gegen Lukaschenko auf die Straße gingen.
In der Metropole Minsk und zehn weiteren Städten sind offenbar insgesamt mehrere tausend Menschen gegen Lukaschenka auf die Straße gegangen. Nach arabischem Vorbild rufen in Weißrussland „Internet-
Revolutionäre“ seit Wochen über soziale Netzwerke zu friedlichen Kundgebungen auf.
Die Demonstranten hatten keine Banner bei sich getra-gen oder Parolen gerufen, sondern sich lediglich still versammelt. Nach Angaben des weißrussischen Journalis-tenverbandes nahmen in Zi-vil gekleidete Sicherheitsbe-amte sowohl Demonstranten als auch zufällig anwesende Passanten fest. Auch 25 Journalisten seien festge-nommen worden, die meisten von ihnen hätten für westli-che oder unabhängige Medi-en berichtet. Dies zeige, dass die Behörden ihre Taktik geändert hätten und die Beri-chterstattung über die Protes-te einschränken wollten, sag-te der Anwalt des Verbandes der Nachrichtenagentur AFP.
Abgeordnetenhaus billigt Gesetz zur Unterstützung der Demokratie in Weißrussland
Dem Verband zufolge wur-den die meisten Journalisten inzwischen wieder freigelas-sen. Die Gruppe „Revolution durch das soziale Netzwerk“, die zu den Demonstrationen aufgerufen hatte, erklärte, es würden weitere Proteste or-ganisiert. Allerdings solle die Strategie geändert werden, um die Sicherheit der Teil-nehmer zu gewährleisten. Lukaschenka ist seit fast 17 Jahren in Weißrussland an der Macht und steht insbe-sondere wegen der Niedersc-hlagung der Proteste gegen seine umstrittene Wiederwa-hl im Dezember international in der Kritik. Gegen die Op-position in seinem Land geht er seitdem noch härter vor.
Das amerikanische Abgeord-netenhaus billigte am Mitt-
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wochabend (Ortszeit) ein Gesetz zur Unterstützung der Demokratie und der Mens-chenrechte in Weißrussland. Das Gesetz unterstützt die amerikanischen Sanktionen gegen weißrussische Regie-
rungsmitglieder und deren Familien sowie gegen Mitar-beiter der Sicherheitsbehörden, die an der Niederschlagung der Pro-teste beteiligt sind. In dem Gesetzestext wird die Frei-
lassung aller politischer Ge-fangenen in Weißrussland gefordert. Auch wird hervor-gehoben, dass Lukaschenkas Wiederwahl nicht
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • FRANKSURTER ALLGEMEINE (BL) • POLITIK • 7/7/2011 • 16:58:53
Bundestag billigt PID - in Grenzen: Momente der Stille, Augenblicke der Empörung
Die PID-Debatte dauerte nicht nur ungewöhnlich lange, sie wurde auch mit besonderer Intensität geführt. Auch für Abgeordnete gilt: Moral betrifft den ganzen Menschen. Von Andreas Mihm, Berlin
Berlin, 7. Juli. Bundestag-sabgeordnete haben nicht oft Gelegenheit, die ihnen vom Grundgesetz gegebenen Freiheiten auszukosten. Die Routine des parlamentaris-chen Alltags entspricht nicht immer Artikel 38, nach dem sie „an Aufträge und Wei-sungen nicht gebunden und nur ihrem Gewissen unter-worfen“ sind. Schon wegen der Vielzahl der Gesetze, vom Erhalt der Regierungsfähigkeit der Koa-lition nicht zu reden, müssen sie sich einer Fraktionsdiszi-plin unterwerfen.
Wenige Ausnahmen bestätigen die Regel: Fraktionsräson galt nicht beim Beschluss über den Umzug des Bundestags von Bonn nach Berlin (1992), nicht bei der Abstimmung über die Verhüllung des Reichstagsgebäudes (1994) auch nicht beim Votum für das Mahnmal für die ermor-deten Juden ( 1999) oder der Abstimmung über den Wie-
deraufbau des Berliner Stadtschlosses (2002). Keine Fraktionsräson gilt oft, wenn ethische Fragen zur Debatte stehen.
So galt der Fraktionszwang nicht, als der Bundestag die Frage der Abtreibung neu regelte (1992). Gleiches galt bei der Entscheidung über das Organspendegesetz (1997) und den Import embr-yonaler Stammzelle fünf Jahre später. Bei der Neu-ordnung der Patientenverfü-gungen wurde 2009 auf den Fraktionszwang verzichtet. So auch am Donnerstag. Da beriet der Bundestag darüber, ob Eltern künstlich befruch-tete Embryonen gentechnisch auf Krankheiten untersuchen lassen dürfen oder nicht. Sie dürfen.
Der Bundesgerichtshof hatte eine Entscheidung über die Zulässigkeit der Präimplantationsdiagnostik (PID) notwendig gemacht. Er hatte im Juli vergangenen Jahres geurteilt, dass eine genetische Untersuchung
künstlich befruchteter Embr-yonen zulässig und nicht durch das Embryonenschutz-gesetz von 1990 verboten sei. Zum Prozess war es gekom-men, weil sich ein Berliner Gynäkologe angezeigt hatte, „um Hilfe für seine Patien-tinnen zu erzwingen“, wie die Abgeordnete Katherina Reiche (CDU), für die PID werbend, meinte. Der Arzt hatte 2005 mehrmals PID durchgeführt, obwohl das nach Meinung der Juristen verboten war. Der Bundesge-richtshof sah das anders und sprach den Arzt frei. Die Richter hielten die PID im Vergleich mit einer späteren, bei Erkrankung des Embryos straffreien Abtreibung für den minderschweren Ein-griff.
Damit war eine Debatte eröffnet, die am Donnerstag ihren Höhepunkt erreichte. Drei Gesetzentwürfe lagen vor. Sie reichten vom Verbot der PID, für den der Unions-politiker Johannes Sin-ghammer (CSU) und die
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Grünen Katrin Göring-Eckart, Birgitt Bender ihren Namen gaben, bis zu einer Zulassung der PID unter bes-timmten Bedingungen, wofür die FDP-Politikerin Ulrike Flach und der CDU-Abgeordnete Peter Hintze mobilisiert hatten. Eine Mit-tel- und Mittlerposition nahm der SPD-Abgeordnete René Röspel ein. Er wollte die PID nur unter sehr strikten Be-dingungen zulassen.
Dass dieser Vorschlag durch-fallen würde, hatte sich am Morgen abgezeichnet. Kurz nach Eröffnung hatte das Parlament eine Abweichung von der Geschäftsordnung beschlossen. Nicht eines na-ch dem anderen, sondern über alle drei Gesetze solle auf einmal abgestimmt wer-den. Beim „Stimmzettelver-fahren“ fällt der Vorschlag als erster durch, der die we-nigsten Unterstützer hat. Do-ch es zeigte sich, das Fla-ch/Hintze schon in der ersten Abstimmung der drei Ent-würfe eine Mehrheit von 306 der 596 abgegebenen Stim-men hatte. 228 hatte das PID- Verbot verlangt, 58 für die Röspel-Lösung gestimmt. Die Schriftführer registrier-ten drei Enthaltungen, eine Nein-Stimme.
Bei dem Vorsprung war die Abstimmung über den Fla-ch/Hintze-Entwurf nur noch eine Formalie. Sitzungspräsident Eduard Oswald (CSU) verkündete um 13.40 Uhr das Ergebnis. 594 der 620 Abgeordneten hatten abgestimmt, 326 voti-erten für die Zulassung der PID, 260 dagegen, acht en-
thielten sich. Applaus und strahlende Gesichert bei den Befürwortern, Glückwünsche an Frau Flach.
„Auslese würde zur gesetzli-ch-gesellschaftlichen Norm“
Der Fraktionszwang galt bei der Abstimmung über die PID nicht.
Drei Stunden Zeit hatte das Parlament sich für die Debat-te reserviert. Es wurden vier. Viele Argumente waren be-kannt aus der ersten Lesung im April, aus den Fachbera-tungen, wo Fachleute Vor- und Nachteile referiert hat-ten. Die CDU hatte die De-batte auf ihrem Parteitag in Karlsruhe durchexerziert. 51 Prozent stimmten damals für ein PID-Verbot. Die Partei-vorsitzende Angela Merkel war für das Verbot, öffentlich dafür geworben hat sie aber weder in Karls-ruhe noch im Bundestag.
Dafür schritten 37 andere Abgeordnete ans Rednerpult. Argumente Pro und Contra gab es in jeder Fraktion. E-motionen wurden gezeigt und Autoritäten zitiert, wie die Nationale Akademie der Wissenschaften oder der E-thikrat. Der hatte sich im Frühjahr nicht zu einer ei-nhelligen Meinung durchrin-gen können. Dreizehn von 26 Mitglieder waren für die PID, elf lehnen sie ab. Der Deutsche Ärztetag sprach sich für die PID aus, die ka-tholischen Bischöfe lehnten die Methode ab, die Evange-lische Kirche in Deutschland hielt sowohl ein Verbot als
auch den Röspel-Entwurf für ethisch vertretbar.
Etwa 170 Abgeordnete hat-ten sich bis zuletzt keinem Antrag angeschlossen. Um ihre Zustimmung zu erhalten, wurde aufgeboten, was das Parlament zu bieten hat. Persönliche Zeugnisse, theo-logischer Sachverstand, be-hindertenpolitische Experti-se, ärztlicher Rat. Die Ärztin Ursula von der Leyen (CDU) nahm als einziges Kabi-nettsmitglied das Wort und warb für die PID, indem sie an die Mühen und Ängste der Paare und Frauen erinnerte. Ihr Parteifreund Rudolf Hen-ke, Arzt und Vorsitzender der Krankenhausärzteverbands Marburger Bund, sprach für das Verbot. Harald Terpe, Mediziner und Grünen-Abgeordneter, warnte vor einem Paradigmenwechsel: „Die Auslese würde zur ge-setzlich-gesellschaftlichen Norm“.
„Mangelnde Liebe zum Kind“
Karl Lauterbach (SPD) bez-weifelte, dass es sich beim Embryo in der Petrischale bereits um einen Menschen handelt. Im übrigen warf er den Verbotsanhängern vor, sie unterstellten den PID-Befürworten einer mangeln-den Liebe zum Kind. Das war eine der wenigen Situa-tionen, wo es einmal lauter wurde und Zwischenrufe aus dem Halbrund des Plenarsa-als Richtung Sprecherpult geschleudert wurden. Wenig später sollte die Grüne Kers-tin Müller den
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Verbotsanhängern unterstel-len, sie führten ein Nachhut-gefecht zur Regelung über den Schwangerschaftsabbru-ch. So viel Schärfe war sel-ten.
Ilja Seifert (Linke), seit ei-nem Badeunfall in den sech-ziger Jahren an den Rollstuhl gefesselt, zitierte Ängste Be-hinderter, „per Gesetz als vermeidbar zu erscheinen“. Paaren mit unerfülltem Kin-derwunsch riet er zur Adop-tion. „Das ist die Alternative, nicht die Vorentscheidung im Reagenzglas.“ Seine Kolle-gin Erika Molitor (FDP) warb für die PID.
Die Abgeordnete Maria Mi-chalk (CDU) berichtete in die Stille des Saales, dass sie drei Kinder tot geboren habe, um danach drei lebendig auf die Welt zu bringen. Sie nahm es als Beleg dafür, dass man die Natur „nicht vergewaltigen“ dürfe. FDP-Mann Erik Sch-weikert erinnerte sich an die komplizierte Geburt seiner Tochter, an Gespräch mit anderen Eltern vor dem Brutkasten der Frühgebore-nenstation und das Plenum daran, man mache „ein Ge-setz für wenige Hundert Menschen, nicht für die All-gemeinheit.“
Ein Punkt, den viele nicht so stehen lassen wollten. Die Vorschläge der PID-Befürworter seien zu unge-nau, die Begriffe nicht defi-niert. Es komme nicht darauf an, ob es 200 oder 2000 Fälle seien, ereiferte sich Andrea Nahles (SPD). Entscheidend sei, dass Kinder mit der PID einer „gentechnischen
Qualitätskontrolle“ unterzo-gen würden. Ein Dammbruch sei das. Jens Spahn (CDU) widersprach: „Das ist eine langsam anschwellende Flut.“
Die drei Gesetzentwürfe zur Präimplantationsdiagnostik
Der Bundestag hatte am Donnerstag über drei Geset-zentwürfe zu entscheiden, in denen geklärt werden sollte, ob und wie weit der Gebrau-ch der Präimplantationsdiagnostik (PID) zugelassen wird. Bei der PID handelt es sich um ein Verfahren zur gentech-nischen Diagnose von küns-tlich befruchteten Eizellen vor deren Einpflanzung in die Gebärmutter. Dadurch soll das Risiko späterer Er-krankungen geklärt werden. Eltern, die gesundheitlich vorbelastet sind oder schon ein krankes Kind geboren haben, sollen mithilfe von PID darüber entscheiden können, ob sie das Risiko eingehen wollen, sich für ein Kind zu entscheiden, das eine schwere Krankheit hat oder sie bekommen kann, oder ob sie wollen, den Em-bryo vernichten zu lassen. Laut Bundesärztekammer würden etwa 200 Paare im Jahr die PID nutzen.
Beschränkte Zulassung
Der am Donnerstag besc-hlossene Gesetzentwurf von Ulrike Flach (FDP), Peter Hintze (CDU) und etwa 220 weiteren Abgeordneten wich am weitesten von der bishe-
rigen Regelung ab. Der Text beinhaltet, PID in Ausnahmefällen zulassen. Voraussetzung ist dabei ent-weder, dass das Kind wegen der genetischen Disposition der Eltern mit hoher Wahrs-cheinlichkeit an einer sch-werwiegenden Erbkrankheit leidet. Nicht verboten ist auch eine PID zur Feststel-lung einer schwerwiegenden Schädigung des Embryos, „die mit hoher Wahrscheinli-chkeit zu einer Tot- oder Fehlgeburt führen wird.“ Die beiden Ausnahmen bedingen einander nicht. Der Text si-eht eine Reihe weiteren Vorschriften vor: die qualifi-zierte Beratung der Mutter, deren schriftliche Zustim-mung, das Votum einer E-thikkommission, Durchfü-hrung der PID in lizensierten Zentren, zentrale Dokumen-tation, Berichterstattung der Bundesregierung. Die Abge-ordneten begründen ihren Vorschlag unter anderem mit dem Wohl der Frau. Die PID sei gegenüber einem späteren Abbruch der Schwangers-chaft ein weniger schwerer Eingriff.
Zulassung im extremen Ausnahmefall
Den Versuch eines Mittel-wegs versuchte der nicht erfolgreiche Gesetzentwurf des Abgeordneten René Röspel (SPD) und 35 Unters-tützer, darunter Bundestagspräsident Norbert Lammert (CDU) zu beschrei-ten. Der Gesetzentwurf sah vor, die PID nur dann zulas-sen, wenn „bei den Eltern oder einem Elternteil eine genetische oder chromoso-
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male Disposition diagnostizi-ert ist, die nach dem Stand der medizinischen Wissens-chaft mit hoher Wahrschein-lichkeit eine Schädigung des Embryos, Fötus oder Kindes zur Folge hat, die mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit zur Tot- oder Fehlgeburt führt.“ Vo-raussetzungen wären auch hier gewesen eine Bera-tungspflicht, das positive Votum einer Ethik-Kommission, Beschränkung der PID auf lizensierte Zen-tren, Dokumentations- sowie Berichtspflichten. Der Text sprach sich dafür aus, dass ein Arzt bei der künstlichen Befruchtung mehr als drei Eizellen der Frau befruchten darf. Das ist nach dem Em-bryonenschutzgesetz die höchst zulässige Zahl, sie reicht aber für eine PID nach Expertenangaben nicht aus. Stattdessen seien sieben oder mehr nötig. Im Text von Fla-
ch/Hintze wird das Problem ausgeklammert. Es heißt, man gehe davon aus, dass Ärzte die Regel sowieso ni-cht einhielten. Hier könnte der Grund für eine neues Klageverfahren liegen. Röspel hielt ein Verbot der PID für theoretisch denkbar, lehnte eine Freigabe der An-wendung der PID zur Fests-tellung schwerer Erbkran-kheiten hingegen ab, weil diese dazu führe, dass auf Dauer die PID in immer me-hr Fällen angewendet werde.
Verbot der PID
Nicht nur theoretisch sondern praktisch verbieten wollte die PID der ebenfalls erfolglose Gesetzentwurf einer knapp 200 Abgeordneten großen Gruppe um Johannes Sin-ghammer (CSU) und Birgitt Bender (Grüne). Sie wollten im Gesetz über genetische Untersuchungen bei Mens-
chen (GenDG) ein Verbot verankern. „Die Durchfü-hrung der PID wird unter Strafe gestellt.“ Die Strafan-drohung sollte Ärzten, Bio-logen und anderen Angehörigen von Heilberu-fen gelten. Sie begründeten das Verbot damit, dass eine beschränkte Zulassung der PID nicht die Grundfrage beantworten kann, „welches Leben gelebt werden darf und welches nicht“. Eine Beschränkung auf einzelne Fälle sei faktisch unmöglich, wie Erfahrungen in anderen Staaten belegten. Jede Ab-grenzung des „Lebenswer-tes“ aufgrund einer prognos-tizierten Lebenserwartung sei ethisch nicht tragbar. Zu den Unterstützern des Antrags gehörten Bundeskanzlerin Angela Merkel (CDU). (a-mi.)
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • FRANKSURTER ALLGEMEINE (BL) • POLITIK • 7/7/2011 • 14:42:00
Saudi-Arabien: Panzer für die Prinzen?
Saudi-Arabien ist in den vergangenen drei Generationen aus dem Beduinen-Zeitalter in die Moderne hineinkatapultiert worden. Doch das fast hypermoderne Antlitz des Landes kontrastiert mit seinem geistigen Innenleben. Von Wolfgang Günter Ler-ch
Geplante Panzerlieferungen an Saudi-Arabien sorgen nicht nur bei der Opposition in Berlin für Unruhe und Kritik, auch im Regierungs-lager sind offenbar nicht alle damit einverstanden. Was hat Vorrang, die politische Moral
oder die „Realpolitik“? Ist Saudi-Arabien ein Krisenge-biet, in das Waffen nicht ge-liefert werden dürfen, oder ein Hort der Stabilität, auf den nicht alleine die Ameri-kaner nicht verzichten können - aus Gründen der weltweiten Energieversor-gung und der westlichen stra-tegischen Interessen?
Saudi-Arabien hat die größten nachgewiesenen Erdölreserven der Welt. Alle-in diesem Faktum hat es sei-nen märchenhaft anmutenden Aufstieg in den vergangenen 100 Jahren zu einer einfluss-reichen Kraft im globalen Weltgetriebe zu verdanken. Riad ist nicht nur die führen-de Macht in der Opec, der
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Organisation der erdölfördernden und -exportierenden Länder, son-dern auch auf der Arabischen Halbinsel, wo es den Golf-Kooperationsrat (GCC) do-miniert.
In diesem seit Mai 1981 bes-tehenden Bündnis haben sich die arabischen Golfmonar-chien zusammengeschlossen, nicht zuletzt, um der Bedro-hung durch Iran zu begeg-nen, wo 1979 schiitische Revolutionäre die Macht ergriffen hatten. Die Golfre-gion aber ist zudem Zentrum der militärischen Aktivitäten der Vereinigten Staaten. De-ren Fünfte Flotte liegt in Ba-hrein, und der Irakkrieg wur-de von den Amerikanern unter anderem von dem be-nachbarten Qatar aus geführt. Erst unlängst waren es sau-dische Sicherheitskräfte, die in Bahrein die mehrheitlich schiitische Volkserhebung gegen das Herrscherhaus der Al Chalifa mit brutaler Ge-walt niederzuschlagen hal-fen.
Per Katapult aus dem Bedui-nen-Zeitalter in die Moderne
In den vergangenen drei Ge-nerationen ist Saudi-Arabien aus dem Beduinen-Zeitalter in die Moderne hineinkata-pultiert worden. Unter dem Gründer-König Abdul Aziz Ibn Saud, der später mit Roo-sevelt und Churchill konferi-erte, trat das Reich 1932 auf die weltpolitische Bühne; und der König selbst setzte noch Impulse zu einer Mo-dernisierung, die zu seiner Zeit allerdings noch Maß hatte und überschaubar war.
Erst unter seinen Söhnen Ibn Saud, Faisal, Chaled und Fahd fand jener „große S-prung“ statt, der das Land mit einem - obzwar ungleich verteilten - enormen Reich-tum und allen Segnungen der Zivilisation versah.
Doch das fast hypermoderne Antlitz des Landes kontrasti-ert auf paradoxe Weise mit seinem geistigen Innenleben. In Saudi-Arabien, das mit Mekka und al Medina auch die heiligsten Stätten des Islam beherbergt und damit so etwas ist wie das Weltzen-trum des Islam, herrscht in Gestalt des Wahhabismus die strikteste, freudloseste und repressivste Lehre des Islam überhaupt; nur die Taliban praktizieren einen noch ar-chaischeren Islam.
An dessen Entstehung freili-ch war Saudi-Arabien nicht unbeteiligt. Der heute in Tei-len Pakistans und Afghanis-tans herrschende extreme Fundamentalismus geht unter anderem auf die Deobandi-Theologenschule zurück, die immer unter wahhabitischem Einfluss stand. Die seinerzeit mit dem General Zia-ul-Haq (gestorben 1988 bei einem Flugzeugabsturz) als Staatspräsident geförderte massive Islamisierung der pakistanischen Politik ges-chah weitgehend unter sau-dischem Einfluss und auch mit saudischem Geld. Schon die Entstehung Pakistans 1947 war ohne den Blick auf das gegenüberliegende Ara-bien kaum denkbar. Die meisten Geschichtsbücher Pakistans beginnen mit den Ereignissen um 570/71 n.
Chr., als in Mekka der Pro-phet Mohammed geboren wurde, auf heute saudischem Boden. Der politische Grün-dervater Pakistans, Moham-med Ali Djinnah, hatte den Staat der indischen Muslime allerdings säkular konzipiert.
Den Frauen werden elemen-tare Menschenrechte ver-weigert
Der im 18. Jahrhundert von Muhammad Abdal Wahhab entwickelte saudische Islam verweigert vor allem den Frauen (freilich auch insge-samt allen seinen Bürgern) bis heute in weitaus radikale-rer Weise als andere islamis-che Länder elementare Menschenrechte. Religion ist Zwang (es gibt eine Reli-gionspolizei), bürgerliche Freiheiten existieren so gut wie gar nicht. Unter dem greisen König Abdullah sind zwar in jüngster Zeit einige kleine Korrekturen am poli-tischen System vorgenom-men worden, doch von muti-gen demokratischen Refor-men zugunsten der Bevölkerung kann keine Re-de sein. Aus Furcht vor den Auswirkungen der „Arabelli-on“ auf sein Land hatte der König, als er vor etlichen Wochen von einer ärztlichen Behandlung in Marokko zu-rückkehrte, großzügige Ges-chenke in Höhe fast eines Viertels des Staatshaushalts an die Bevölkerung verteilt.
Abdullah gilt als moderate Stimme im Konflikt der Ara-ber mit Israel und hat den saudischen Friedensplan der Araber befördert. Auch ist es Riad gelungen, seine Rolle
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als Vormacht der Sunniten in der Auseinandersetzung mit dem schiitischen Iran zu fes-tigen. Es ist da gewissermaßen in die Fußstapfen Saddam Husseins getreten, den die Amerikaner gestürzt und dessen Regime sie beseitigt haben. Dies hat zweifelsohne den Einfluss des schiitischen Iran in der Region gestärkt. Dass Iran die Nukleartechnologie nicht allein zu friedlichen Zwec-ken nutzen, sondern an der Atombombe basteln will, um seinen Status als regionale Großmacht zu festigen, gilt in den arabischen Staaten als ausgemacht. Vor allem in Saudi-Arabien beobachtet man dies mit großer Sorge.
15 der 19 Attentäter vom 11. September waren Saudis
Die ganze Widersprüchlich-keit Saudi-Arabiens zeigte sich allerdings im Zusamme-nhang mit dem zweiten Golfkrieg, seinen Folgen und
den Anschlägen vom 11. September 2001. 15 der 19 Attentäter kamen aus dem offiziell mit Washington eng verbündeten Saudi-Arabien. Usama Bin Ladin war sau-discher Staatsbürger, bevor man ihn nach Sudan auswies, und er hatte eine Zeitlang, wie bereits sein Vater, Bezi-ehungen zu höchsten Kreisen des Königreiches. Dieses ließ sich von einer westlich gefü-hrten Allianz gegen Saddam Hussein verteidigen, später durch amerikanische Militärpräsenz schützen, förderte jedoch überall auf der Welt islamische Kräfte, die nicht gerade zu den fried-fertigsten oder prowestlichs-ten gehören. Dies auch in Afghanistan.
Erst als sich die Terroristen gegen die Saudis selbst wandten und blutige Anschläge Al Qaidas das Land erschütterten, gingen die Prinzen gegen jene Kräfte
vor, die sie als „Hexenmeis-ter“ selbst mit hervorgebra-cht hatten. Das leicht gestörte Verhältnis zu Washington - das in den frühen neunziger Jahren allerdings die afgha-nischen Taliban zunächst als „Ordnungsmacht“ ebenfalls unterstützt hatte - normalisi-erte sich wieder.
Die Förderung fundamenta-listischer, am strengen Wa-hhabitentum ausgerichteter religiöser Kräfte durch Riad dauert indessen fort. Impulse zu einer Förderung demokra-tischer Kräfte sind von dem rigiden Saudi-Arabien nicht zu erwarten. Über seine Stabilität wird schon seit vielen Jahren kräftig gestrit-ten. Es ist die Stabilität einer in Öl-Wohlstand eingebette-ten Friedhofsruhe, in der einzelne - vor allem Frauen - tapfer für etwas weniger Dis-kriminierung kämpfen.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • FRANKSURTER ALLGEMEINE (BL) • POLITIK • 7/7/2011 • 17:47:49
Bundestag billigt PID - in Grenzen: Momente der Stille Die PID-Debatte dauerte nicht nur ungewöhnlich lange, sie wurde auch mit besonderer Intensität geführt. Auch für Abgeordnete gilt: Moral betrifft den ganzen Menschen. Von Andreas Mihm, Berlin
Berlin, 7. Juli. Bundestag-sabgeordnete haben nicht oft Gelegenheit, die ihnen vom Grundgesetz gegebenen Freiheiten auszukosten. Die Routine des parlamentaris-chen Alltags entspricht nicht immer Artikel 38, nach dem sie „an Aufträge und Wei-
sungen nicht gebunden und nur ihrem Gewissen unter-worfen“ sind. Schon wegen der Vielzahl der Gesetze, vom Erhalt der Regierungsfähigkeit der Koa-lition nicht zu reden, müssen sie sich einer Fraktionsdiszi-plin unterwerfen.
Wenige Ausnahmen bestätigen die Regel: Fraktionsräson galt nicht beim Beschluss über den Umzug des Bundestags von Bonn nach Berlin (1992), nicht bei der Abstimmung über die Verhüllung des Reichstagsgebäudes (1994) auch nicht beim Votum für das Mahnmal für die ermor-
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deten Juden ( 1999) oder der Abstimmung über den Wie-deraufbau des Berliner Stadtschlosses (2002). Keine Fraktionsräson gilt oft, wenn ethische Fragen zur Debatte stehen.
So galt der Fraktionszwang nicht, als der Bundestag die Frage der Abtreibung neu regelte (1992). Gleiches galt bei der Entscheidung über das Organspendegesetz (1997) und den Import embr-yonaler Stammzelle fünf Jahre später. Bei der Neu-ordnung der Patientenverfü-gungen wurde 2009 auf den Fraktionszwang verzichtet. So auch am Donnerstag. Da beriet der Bundestag darüber, ob Eltern künstlich befruch-tete Embryonen gentechnisch auf Krankheiten untersuchen lassen dürfen oder nicht. Sie dürfen.
Abstimmung nach dem „Stimmzettelverfahren“
Der Bundesgerichtshof hatte eine Entscheidung über die Zulässigkeit der Präimplantationsdiagnostik (PID) notwendig gemacht. Er hatte im Juli vergangenen Jahres geurteilt, dass eine genetische Untersuchung künstlich befruchteter Embr-yonen zulässig und nicht durch das Embryonenschutz-gesetz von 1990 verboten sei. Zum Prozess war es gekom-men, weil sich ein Berliner Gynäkologe angezeigt hatte, „um Hilfe für seine Patien-tinnen zu erzwingen“, wie die Abgeordnete Katherina Reiche (CDU), für die PID werbend, meinte. Der Arzt hatte 2005 mehrmals PID
durchgeführt, obwohl das nach Meinung der Juristen verboten war. Der Bundesge-richtshof sah das anders und sprach den Arzt frei. Die Richter hielten die PID im Vergleich mit einer späteren, bei Erkrankung des Embryos straffreien Abtreibung für den minderschweren Ein-griff.
Damit war eine Debatte eröffnet, die am Donnerstag ihren Höhepunkt erreichte. Drei Gesetzentwürfe lagen vor. Sie reichten vom Verbot der PID, für den der Unions-politiker Johannes Sin-ghammer (CSU) und die Grünen Katrin Göring-Eckart, Birgitt Bender ihren Namen gaben, bis zu einer Zulassung der PID unter bes-timmten Bedingungen, wofür die FDP-Politikerin Ulrike Flach und der CDU-Abgeordnete Peter Hintze mobilisiert hatten. Eine Mit-tel- und Mittlerposition nahm der SPD-Abgeordnete René Röspel ein. Er wollte die PID nur unter sehr strikten Be-dingungen zulassen.
Dass dieser Vorschlag durch-fallen würde, hatte sich am Morgen abgezeichnet. Kurz nach Eröffnung hatte das Parlament eine Abweichung von der Geschäftsordnung beschlossen. Nicht eines na-ch dem anderen, sondern über alle drei Gesetze solle auf einmal abgestimmt wer-den. Beim „Stimmzettelver-fahren“ fällt der Vorschlag als erster durch, der die we-nigsten Unterstützer hat. Do-ch es zeigte sich, das Fla-ch/Hintze schon in der ersten Abstimmung der drei Ent-
würfe eine Mehrheit von 306 der 596 abgegebenen Stim-men hatte. 228 hatte das PID- Verbot verlangt, 58 für die Röspel-Lösung gestimmt. Die Schriftführer registrier-ten drei Enthaltungen, eine Nein-Stimme.
Bei dem Vorsprung war die Abstimmung über den Fla-ch/Hintze-Entwurf nur noch eine Formalie. Sitzungspräsident Eduard Oswald (CSU) verkündete um 13.40 Uhr das Ergebnis. 594 der 620 Abgeordneten hatten abgestimmt, 326 voti-erten für die Zulassung der PID, 260 dagegen, acht en-thielten sich. Applaus und strahlende Gesichert bei den Befürwortern, Glückwünsche an Frau Flach.
„Auslese würde zur gesetzli-ch-gesellschaftlichen Norm“
Drei Stunden Zeit hatte das Parlament sich für die Debat-te reserviert. Es wurden vier. Viele Argumente waren be-kannt aus der ersten Lesung im April, aus den Fachbera-tungen, wo Fachleute Vor- und Nachteile referiert hat-ten. Die CDU hatte die De-batte auf ihrem Parteitag in Karlsruhe durchexerziert. 51 Prozent stimmten damals für ein PID-Verbot. Die Partei-vorsitzende Angela Merkel war für das Verbot, öffentlich dafür geworben hat sie aber weder in Karls-ruhe noch im Bundestag.
Dafür schritten 37 andere Abgeordnete ans Rednerpult. Argumente Pro und Contra gab es in jeder Fraktion. E-motionen wurden gezeigt
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und Autoritäten zitiert, wie die Nationale Akademie der Wissenschaften oder der E-thikrat. Der hatte sich im Frühjahr nicht zu einer ei-nhelligen Meinung durchrin-gen können. Dreizehn von 26 Mitglieder waren für die PID, elf lehnen sie ab. Der Deutsche Ärztetag sprach sich für die PID aus, die ka-tholischen Bischöfe lehnten die Methode ab, die Evange-lische Kirche in Deutschland hielt sowohl ein Verbot als auch den Röspel-Entwurf für ethisch vertretbar.
Etwa 170 Abgeordnete hat-ten sich bis zuletzt keinem Antrag angeschlossen. Um ihre Zustimmung zu erhalten, wurde aufgeboten, was das Parlament zu bieten hat. Persönliche Zeugnisse, theo-logischer Sachverstand, be-hindertenpolitische Experti-se, ärztlicher Rat. Die Ärztin Ursula von der Leyen (CDU) nahm als einziges Kabi-nettsmitglied das Wort und warb für die PID, indem sie an die Mühen und Ängste der Paare und Frauen erinnerte. Ihr Parteifreund Rudolf Hen-ke, Arzt und Vorsitzender der Krankenhausärzteverbands Marburger Bund, sprach für das Verbot. Harald Terpe, Mediziner und Grünen-Abgeordneter, warnte vor einem Paradigmenwechsel: „Die Auslese würde zur ge-setzlich-gesellschaftlichen Norm“.
„Mangelnde Liebe zum Kind“
Karl Lauterbach (SPD) bez-weifelte, dass es sich beim
Embryo in der Petrischale bereits um einen Menschen handelt. Im übrigen warf er den Verbotsanhängern vor, sie unterstellten den PID-Befürworten einer mangeln-den Liebe zum Kind. Das war eine der wenigen Situa-tionen, wo es einmal lauter wurde und Zwischenrufe aus dem Halbrund des Plenarsa-als Richtung Sprecherpult geschleudert wurden. Wenig später sollte die Grüne Kers-tin Müller den Verbotsanhängern unterstel-len, sie führten ein Nachhut-gefecht zur Regelung über den Schwangerschaftsabbru-ch. So viel Schärfe war sel-ten.
Ilja Seifert (Linke), seit ei-nem Badeunfall in den sech-ziger Jahren an den Rollstuhl gefesselt, zitierte Ängste Be-hinderter, „per Gesetz als vermeidbar zu erscheinen“. Paaren mit unerfülltem Kin-derwunsch riet er zur Adop-tion. „Das ist die Alternative, nicht die Vorentscheidung im Reagenzglas.“ Seine Kolle-gin Erika Molitor (FDP) warb für die PID.
Die Abgeordnete Maria Mi-chalk (CDU) berichtete in die Stille des Saales, dass sie ein Kind tot geboren und drei Fehlgeburten erlitten habe; heute ist sie Mutter dreier Kinder. Sie nahm es als Be-leg dafür, dass man die Natur „nicht vergewaltigen“ dürfe. FDP-Mann Erik Schweikert erinnerte sich an die kompli-zierte Geburt seiner Tochter, an Gespräch mit anderen Eltern vor dem Brutkasten der Frühgeborenenstation und das Plenum daran, man
mache „ein Gesetz für weni-ge Hundert Menschen, nicht für die Allgemeinheit.“
Ein Punkt, den viele nicht so stehen lassen wollten. Die Vorschläge der PID-Befürworter seien zu unge-nau, die Begriffe nicht defi-niert. Es komme nicht darauf an, ob es 200 oder 2000 Fälle seien, ereiferte sich Andrea Nahles (SPD). Entscheidend sei, dass Kinder mit der PID einer „gentechnischen Qualitätskontrolle“ unterzo-gen würden. Ein Dammbruch sei das. Jens Spahn (CDU) widersprach: „Das ist eine langsam anschwellende Flut.“
Die drei Gesetzentwürfe zur Präimplantationsdiagnostik
Der Bundestag hatte am Donnerstag über drei Geset-zentwürfe zu entscheiden, in denen geklärt werden sollte, ob und wie weit der Gebrau-ch der Präimplantationsdiagnostik (PID) zugelassen wird. Bei der PID handelt es sich um ein Verfahren zur gentech-nischen Diagnose von küns-tlich befruchteten Eizellen vor deren Einpflanzung in die Gebärmutter. Dadurch soll das Risiko späterer Er-krankungen geklärt werden. Eltern, die gesundheitlich vorbelastet sind oder schon ein krankes Kind geboren haben, sollen mithilfe von PID darüber entscheiden können, ob sie das Risiko eingehen wollen, sich für ein Kind zu entscheiden, das eine schwere Krankheit hat oder sie bekommen kann, oder ob sie wollen, den Em-
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bryo vernichten zu lassen. Laut Bundesärztekammer würden etwa 200 Paare im Jahr die PID nutzen.
Beschränkte Zulassung
Der am Donnerstag besc-hlossene Gesetzentwurf von Ulrike Flach (FDP), Peter Hintze (CDU) und etwa 220 weiteren Abgeordneten wich am weitesten von der bishe-rigen Regelung ab. Der Text beinhaltet, PID in Ausnahmefällen zulassen. Voraussetzung ist dabei ent-weder, dass das Kind wegen der genetischen Disposition der Eltern mit hoher Wahrs-cheinlichkeit an einer sch-werwiegenden Erbkrankheit leidet. Nicht verboten ist auch eine PID zur Feststel-lung einer schwerwiegenden Schädigung des Embryos, „die mit hoher Wahrscheinli-chkeit zu einer Tot- oder Fehlgeburt führen wird.“ Die beiden Ausnahmen bedingen einander nicht. Der Text si-eht eine Reihe weiteren Vorschriften vor: die qualifi-zierte Beratung der Mutter, deren schriftliche Zustim-mung, das Votum einer E-thikkommission, Durchfü-hrung der PID in lizensierten Zentren, zentrale Dokumen-tation, Berichterstattung der Bundesregierung. Die Abge-ordneten begründen ihren Vorschlag unter anderem mit dem Wohl der Frau. Die PID sei gegenüber einem späteren Abbruch der Schwangers-chaft ein weniger schwerer Eingriff.
Zulassung im extremen Aus-nahmefall
Den Versuch eines Mittel-wegs versuchte der nicht erfolgreiche Gesetzentwurf des Abgeordneten René Röspel (SPD) und 35 Unters-tützer, darunter Bundestagspräsident Norbert Lammert (CDU) zu beschrei-ten. Der Gesetzentwurf sah vor, die PID nur dann zulas-sen, wenn „bei den Eltern oder einem Elternteil eine genetische oder chromoso-male Disposition diagnostizi-ert ist, die nach dem Stand der medizinischen Wissens-chaft mit hoher Wahrschein-lichkeit eine Schädigung des Embryos, Fötus oder Kindes zur Folge hat, die mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit zur Tot- oder Fehlgeburt führt.“ Vo-raussetzungen wären auch hier gewesen eine Bera-tungspflicht, das positive Votum einer Ethik-Kommission, Beschränkung der PID auf lizensierte Zen-tren, Dokumentations- sowie Berichtspflichten. Der Text sprach sich dafür aus, dass ein Arzt bei der künstlichen Befruchtung mehr als drei Eizellen der Frau befruchten darf. Das ist nach dem Em-bryonenschutzgesetz die höchst zulässige Zahl, sie reicht aber für eine PID nach Expertenangaben nicht aus. Stattdessen seien sieben oder mehr nötig. Im Text von Fla-ch/Hintze wird das Problem ausgeklammert. Es heißt, man gehe davon aus, dass Ärzte die Regel sowieso ni-cht einhielten. Hier könnte der Grund für eine neues
Klageverfahren liegen. Röspel hielt ein Verbot der PID für theoretisch denkbar, lehnte eine Freigabe der An-wendung der PID zur Fests-tellung schwerer Erbkran-kheiten hingegen ab, weil diese dazu führe, dass auf Dauer die PID in immer me-hr Fällen angewendet werde.
Verbot der PID
Nicht nur theoretisch sondern praktisch verbieten wollte die PID der ebenfalls erfolglose Gesetzentwurf einer knapp 200 Abgeordneten großen Gruppe um Johannes Sin-ghammer (CSU) und Birgitt Bender (Grüne). Sie wollten im Gesetz über genetische Untersuchungen bei Mens-chen (GenDG) ein Verbot verankern. „Die Durchfü-hrung der PID wird unter Strafe gestellt.“ Die Strafan-drohung sollte Ärzten, Bio-logen und anderen Angehörigen von Heilberu-fen gelten. Sie begründeten das Verbot damit, dass eine beschränkte Zulassung der PID nicht die Grundfrage beantworten kann, „welches Leben gelebt werden darf und welches nicht“. Eine Beschränkung auf einzelne Fälle sei faktisch unmöglich, wie Erfahrungen in anderen Staaten belegten. Jede Ab-grenzung des „Lebenswer-tes“ aufgrund einer prognos-tizierten Lebenserwartung sei ethisch nicht tragbar. Zu den Unterstützern des Antrags gehörten Bundeskanzlerin Angela Merkel (CDU). (a-mi.)
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR •
FRANKSURTER ALLGEMEINE (BL) • FEUILLETON • 7/7/2011 • 19:30:35
Kritik an der DFG: Undurchsichtige Auftragsforschung
Verleger und Wissenschaftler fordern eine Neuordnung der Deutschen Forschungsgeme-inschaft. Die Institution steht in der Kritik. Gefährden ihr Gutachterwesen und undurch-sichtige Finanzströme die Wissenschaftskultur?
Kritik am Erscheinungsbild der größten forschungsfördernden Einri-chtung Deutschlands, der Deutschen Forschungsgeme-inschaft (DFG), ist zwar ni-cht neu, doch trotzdem selten und vor allem bisher erstaun-lich folgenlos geblieben. Kri-tiker werden gern als un-dankbar oder als enttäuschte Querulanten stigmatisiert. Verleger und Wissenschaftler riefen darum jetzt auf einer Tagung im Berliner Ensem-ble dazu auf, endlich die überfällige öffentliche Debat-te über DFG-Strukturen, das anonyme und darum nicht nachvollziehbare Gutachter-wesen, die undurchsichtigen Finanzströme und die Rolle des Wissenschaftsrates dabei zu beginnen.
Sie führen zur Begründung schwere Versäumnisse an und kritisieren die Förderpolitik der DFG s-charf, die an einen Geheim-bund erinnere, der wenig von Kritik und Rechenschaftsbe-richten halte. Er betrachte mit Sorge die zunehmend undurchsichtige Rolle der DFG in der Wissenschaftspo-litik, die mit ihrer ursprüngli-chen Zweckbestimmung im-mer weniger zu tun habe, sagte der Heidelberger Ver-
leger Georg Siebeck in Ber-lin. Er vernehme in Gesprächen mit vielen seiner Autoren und Herausgeber immer wieder ein großes Unbehagen an der DFG, do-ch wage kaum jemand, dies offen auszusprechen.
Siebeck wirft der DFG vor, sich von ihrem Hauptgeldge-ber, dem Bund, zunehmend instrumentalisieren zu lassen. Wer zum Beispiel Eliteuniversitäten aus der Taufe heben wolle, müsse diese und ähnliche Projekte zuerst politisch, also im Bundestag, diskutieren und gegebenenfalls das Grund-gesetz ändern. Denn das Grundgesetz weise die Or-ganisation von universitärer Forschung und Lehre immer noch den Ländern zu.
Transparenz gefordert
Die DFG sei zwar die größte die Wissenschaft fördernde Institution, aber eben nicht „die“ Wissenschaft. Wer wissen wolle, wie die DFG öffentliche Mittel verteile, werde darauf verwiesen, dass sie als Verein keinerlei Of-fenlegungspflicht unterliege. Das schaffe Misstrauen. Die Macht anonymer Gutachter widerspreche zudem den
Prinzipien des wissenschaf-tlichen Diskurses.
Verleger wie Georg Siebeck und Wissenschaftler halten darum „äußerste Transpa-renz“ für geboten. Auch da-rüber, wer für welche Ents-cheidung verantwortlich ist. Mit einem inzwischen daue-rhaft auf ihre Finanzierung angewiesenen neuen System von Wissenschaftsverlagen und Open-Access-Portalen grabe die DFG längst an den Fundamenten einer unabhängigen Wissenschaft, sagte der Verleger.
Demoralisierung des fors-chenden Individuums
Geradezu absurd aber sei jene von der DFG gezüchtete „Antragsforschung“, die den Erfolg eines Forschungspro-jektes daran messe, ob sein Ergebnis möglichst genau mit seinem Antrag zusam-menpasse. Die Tatsache, dass in den Gremien der DFG, der Ministerien und der Großforschungseinrichtungen immer wieder dieselben Namen auftauchten, beunru-hige viele. Nur Transparenz könne den Verdacht entkräften, so Siebeck, dort würden „sachfremde Meh-rheitsentscheidungen“ getrof-
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fen oder sich gar gegenseitig Pfründen zugeschoben.
Der Literaturwissenschaftler Roland Reuß - er initiierte den „Heidelberger Appell“ - kritisierte die DFG-Praxis noch schärfer: „Die durch eklatante Unterausstattung der Universitäten unkontrol-liert wachsende und alles sich unterwerfende Macht des transföderal und opak oligarchisch agierenden Forschungsförderungsapparats ist nicht nur eine konkrete politische Gefahr, weil sie die Chance der Erforschung radikal neuer Ansätze und damit letztlich auch die Möglichkeit gesellschaftlich notwendiger Transformatio-nen minimiert. Sie demorali-siert vor allem das forschen-de Individuum, die Basis jeden wissenschaftlichen Fortschritts.“
Allianz der Einschüchterung
Reuß erinnerte daran, warum die Deutsche Forschungsge-meinschaft 1951 als einge-tragener Verein - wie der ADAC oder Schalke 04 - neu gegründet wurde: „Man zog, aus der Erfahrung der zurüc-kliegenden Jahre, eine Kons-truktion vor, die sich politis-cher Einflussnahme besser sollte entziehen können.“ Begleitet von mehr Zentra-lismus, sei daraus jedoch inzwischen ein Problem ge-worden, sagte Reuß: „Je me-hr Geld in diesen Verein ge-pumpt wurde, desto größer wurde die Versuchung der Geldgeber, den Vorzug des deutschen Vereinsrechts, interne Entscheidungen nach außen abzudichten, gegen die
durchaus ehrenwerten Absi-chten der Gründer auszumanövrieren.“
Es geht um sehr viel Geld dabei, um Summen zwischen 2,2 Milliarden und 2,7 Milli-arden Euro im Jahr, die ver-teilt und ausgegeben werden. Wofür, bleibt im Dunkeln, Ungefähren. Eine Offenle-gungspflicht dem Parlament gegenüber gibt es nicht, wie 2008 überraschend bekannt wurde, nach einem Bericht des Datenschutzbeauftragten an den Bundestag. Die Vere-insform der DFG werde da-mit zu einem „zentralen Her-rschaftsinstrument“, das über die Forschungsförderung in das Wissenschaftssystem „lenkend“ eingreife. Anders aber als etwa bei einem Ve-rein wie „Schalke 04“, wo jeder Unterstützer Mitglied werden könne und damit Einfluss habe, könnten ein-zelne Wissenschaftler dies nicht.
Noch nicht einmal der „Deutsche Hochschulver-band“, größter Zusammensc-hluss der Universitätslehrer, sei Mitglied des Gremiums, sagte Reuß. Dass die DFG als „Stimme der Forschung“ spreche, sei nur Behauptung, sie verweigere vielmehr die „Diskussion mit der wissens-chaftlichen Basis in allen zentralen Fragen“. Die in der DFG vertretenen Wissens-chaftsinstitutionen, eklatant abhängig von der Politik, bezeichnete Reuß als „eine nach außen tretende Allianz der Einschüchterung“.
Reform des Gutachterwesen
Wie schwach sie legitimiert sei, zeige sich vor allem im Umgang der DFG mit Rück-fragen und Monita. Kritik sei nicht vorgesehen. „Man will partout gläserne Forscher, die Institution selbst indes verhängt sich wie die Kaa-ba.“ Zu fordern sei darum, dass auf der Website der DFG in jährlichen Berichten genau beziffert werde, wel-che Gelder in welche Fach-bereiche für welche Projekte ausgegeben werden, sämtliche Anträge dokumen-tiert und die Gutachten, ob zustimmend oder ablehnend, „vollständig und nicht a-nonymisiert“ einsehbar wer-den.
Des Weiteren forderte Reuß, dass dort auch die Ernennun-gen und Wahlen, die Verfle-chtung der Gremien genau erklärt werden. Kungeleien, sagte Reuß, würde so ein Riegel vorgeschoben, und Interessenkonflikten wie im Fall des Rektors der Universität Freiburg, der sich dank seiner Mitgliedschaft in mehreren Gremien gleichsam selbst berate, um das, was er beraten habe, dann als Rich-tlinie mitzubeschließen und schließlich zu beforschen, wäre der Nährboden entzo-gen.
Die Verleger und Wissens-chaftler fordern eine grun-dlegende Reform des Guta-chterwesens und eine Neu-bestimmung der Rolle der Fachreferenten. Diese rei-chen die Förderanträge an anonyme Gutachter weiter. Jeder Fachreferent könne so „durch die Zuteilung eines Antrags an diesen oder jenen
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Gutachter jedes Projekt dur-ch den Vorgang schleusen oder auch scheitern lassen“. Damit der Gutachterprozess durchsichtig werde, müsse die Anonymität der Gutach-
ter aufgehoben und ein Ap-pellationsweg bei abgelehn-ten Anträgen eingerichtet werden, sagte Reuß. „Wer als Wissenschaftler nicht bereit ist, mit seinem Namen zu
bürgen, hat als Gutachter in einem für wissenschaftliche Projekte so wichtigen Pro-zess nichts verloren.“
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • LE FIGARO (FR) • ACTUALITÉ • 7/7/2011 • 14:33:00
Fille Kadhafi: plainte classée sans suite Le parquet de Paris a classé sans suite une plainte dépo-sée par la fille du dirigeant libyen Mouammar Kadhafi après la mort de quatre membres de sa famille lors d un bombardement de l Otan fin avril sur Tripoli, a-t-on appris aujourd hui auprès de son avocate, Me Isabelle Coutant-Peyre.Cette plainte pour "assassinat" et "crimes de guerre" avait été déposée le 10 juin et visait l Otan, "les officiers militaires fran-çais" intervenant dans l opé-ration de l Otan, "le ministre de la Défense" Gérard Lon-guet et "le président de la République, chef des armé-es" Nicolas Sarkozy.
Elle a été classée sans suite le 30 juin, en vertu du code de la Défense, qui prévoit qu un militaire qui "exerce des me-sures de coercition ou fait usage de la force armée" dans le cadre d une opération "se déroulant à l extérieur du territoire français" n est "pas pénalement responsable". "Cet argument ne tient pas la route. Elle ne prend pas en compte les crimes de guerre qui sont commis" en Libye, a estimé Me Coutant-Peyre, en annonçant son intention de déposer une nouvelle plainte, avec Constitution de partie civile cette fois, pour "obte-nir la désignation d un juge d instruction".
La fille de Mouammar Ka-dhafi accuse l Alliance atlan-tique d avoir tué le plus jeune fils du dirigeant libyen, Seif al-Arab, 29 ans, et trois de ses petits-enfants, Seif (2 ans), Carthage (2 ans) et Mastoura (4 mois), ainsi que des amis et voisins, au cours d un raid effectué le 30 avril. Deux autres plaintes ont été déposées pour ces mêmes faits début juin par trois avo-cats agissant également au nom d Aïcha Kadhafi, Mes Luc Brossollet, Jean-Charles Tchikaya et Dominique Atd-jian, l une à Paris, l autre devant le parquet de Bruxel-les et le parquet fédéral bel-ge.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • LE FIGARO (FR) • ACTUALITÉ • 7/7/2011 • 06:34:00
Inde/corruption: démission d'un ministre Le ministre indien du Texti-le, Dayanidhi Maran, a dé-missionné aujourd hui à la suite de soupçons de corrup-tion pour des faits remontant à l époque où il était ministre des télécommunications, ont rapporté les médias.La police indienne a indiqué mercredi que Dayanidhi Maran, minis-
tre des télécommunications de 2004 à 2007, aurait pu avoir manipulé la vente de licences de téléphonie mobile de 2e génération (2G) en faveur de sociétés dont il était proche. La démission de Dayanidhi Maran est un nouveau coup dur pour le Premier ministre
Manmohan Singh alors qu un vaste scandale dans le secteur des télécommunications a provoqué la démission du ministre détenant ce porte-feuille à la suite de Dayani-dhi Maran. La police fédérale (CBI) a indiqué début juin mener une "enquête préliminaire" con-
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cernant les activités Dayani-dhi Maran. L enquête vise à "voir s il y a des preuves d association de malfaiteurs ou de violation des règles", selon une porte-
parole de la CBI, sans plus de précision. Selon les derniers éléments transmis mercredi par la po-lice à la Cour suprême, Da-yanidhi Maran est sopuçonné
d avoir forcé un homme d affaires à vendre des parts dans le groupe Aircel Tele-coms à une autre société pro-che de la famille Maran.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • LE FIGARO (FR) • ACTUALITÉ • 7/7/2011 • 11:40:00
Report du procès des époux Lavier Le tribunal correctionnel de Boulogne-sur-Mer a reporté au 26 janvier le procès des époux Lavier pour violences sur mineurs et corruption de mineurs, après avoir jugé recevable jeudi une question prioritaire de Constitution-nalité (QPC) déposée par les avocats de la défense.Il revi-ent à présent à la Cour de cassation de choisir ou non de transmettre la QPC au Conseil Constitutionnel.
Les avocats de la défense contestent une disposition du code de précédure pénale, qui permet à un tribunal d examiner des éléments de procédure sans attendre qu il soit statué sur leur éventuelle nullité. L article 459 du code de pro-cédure pénale prévoit que, sauf rares exceptions, le tri-bunal doit joindre les questi-ons de nullité au fond. C est-à-dire que le tribunal doit se prononcer sur les questions
de nullité en même temps qu il se prononce sur le fond du dossier. Les avocats de la défense estiment qu examiner des éléments de procédure, qui risquent fort d être déclarés nuls, est contraire à la Cons-titution, à la présomption d innocence et au droit à un procès équitable. Les époux Lavier font partis des personnes suspectées de viols sur mieurs puis acquit-tés à Outreau en 2005.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • FORBES.COM (US) • NEWS • 7/7/2011 • 14:15:21
Separation Of Church And State Limits Neither Churches Nor States Schools, courts and the pu-blic square were often over-tly Christian and had been since their colonial begin-nings. Few Americans would have tolerated a coercive central government infrin-ging on their rights to post religious symbols on local schools, courts or anywhere else.
Americans built society from the ground up. Many had fled
oppression. The colonies instituted local self-government indigenously to confirm the rights resident in their persons and property. Few would have willingly been dispossessed by Wa-shington of the very free-doms that they had just secu-red from London.
Here men could and did rise as their efforts merited. Commoners were unshackled
from feudal paralysis and freed to find God individual-ly. Both the economy and church thrived. Alexis de Tocqueville observed that Americans intertwined indi-vidual liberty with vibrant faith. “It is impossible to make them conceive the one without the other.”
Even non-Christian founders thought religion essential. None would have wished to
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upend the very basis for edu-cation, law or culture. The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 states: “Religion, mora-lity, and knowledge, being necessary to good govern-ment and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means of education shall forever be encouraged.”
Americans understood free-dom without morality quic-kly devolves into debau-chery. Whether from sincere faith, or, prudence instilling an honest, law-abiding, res-ponsible and hardworking populace, all esteemed bibli-cal morality as the bedrock of self government. George Washington believed, “Reli-gion and morality are indis-pensable supports” for “it is impossible to rightly govern the world without God and the Bible.”
The phrase “separation bet-ween church and state” was reintroduced by former Klansman Hugo Black, histo-rically one of our most libe-ral Supreme Court judges. In the 1947 Everson v. Board of Education, Justice Black invoked Thomas Jefferson stating, “The First amend-ment has erected ‘a wall of separation between church and state.’ . . . that wall must be kept high and impregna-ble.”
Thomas Jefferson thought differently. The Danbury Baptists wrote to him congra-tulating his election and ob-jecting to the First amend-ment. They thought it impli-ed government dispensed
what was not government’s to give. Jefferson agreed.
His reply clearly applied “Separation of Church and State” to the establishment and not to the free exercise of religion. As he expressed, what communities did and how they worshipped were not federal affairs. Jefferson later said the central govern-ment was “interdicted from intermeddling with religious institutions.” Such were state matters.
Freedom of religion was par-tly moral – protecting our most cherished liberty – and partly pragmatic. Religious animosity tears society asun-der, particularly when church is affixed to government. With freedom of conscience assured, conflict becomes less likely. The First a-mendment was an insightful compromise between church and state, federal and local authorities. The framers desi-red to avoid the controversies which engulfed Europe.
As James Madison warned in Federalist 10, “The latent causes of faction are thus sown in the nature of man; . . . A zeal for different opinions concerning religion, concer-ning government, and many other points, . . . ambitiously contending for pre-eminence and power . . . divided man-kind into parties, inflamed them with mutual animosity, and rendered them much more disposed to vex and oppress each other than to cooperate for their common good.”
Thus the Constitution de-creed that Washington had no occasion or authority to interject itself into matters as obviously local as doctrines of faith. Congress was not empowered to establish a church because the framers feared that concentrated po-wer, whether favored religi-ons, standing armies, ban-king monopolies, or an ove-rarching federal government, invited tyranny.
Church and state were dis-tinct in that the Federal Go-vernment could not elevate one denomination over o-thers. Nor could government and its flawed inhabitants usurp divine authority by harnessing politics to the church. Faith is no civil con-tract, but a personal matter not to be profaned by poli-tics.
State controlled churches frequently exploited this la-tent power for evil. The Spa-nish Inquisition didn’t origi-nate in the Vatican, but the Castilian court. It was not of the church, but the king. By Philip II, Spain had the ma-kings of the first police state infused with the ill-gotten moral authority of a tyranni-cal clergy.
Much of our bill of rights was meant to prevent dicta-torships such as Cromwell’s, which married church and state in such manner as to mar many of the freedoms our forefathers sought to en-shrine.
The framers witnessed the incessant wars of the mother
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continent and understood official churches and centra-lized power fomented abuses. Having two or three compe-ting factions spurred strug-gles between the parties to secure power, but divesting authority to innumerable smaller jurisdictions without the prospect of any gaining control promoted peaceful freedom.
Episcopalians in Virginia would live amicably next to Catholics in Maryland, Qua-kers in Pennsylvania or Bap-tists in their midst. None saw cause for contention because
there was no threat that o-thers would gain dominion over them or any prospect that they might gain such dominion themselves. Rival-ry was unnecessary because “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion.”
Establishment has been rede-fined. Limitations on go-vernment have been altered into restrictions on religious expression, which clearly violates the amendment’s next clause: “prohibiting the free exercise thereof” and third clause “abridging the
freedom of speech.” Mean-while, Washington publicly imposes politically correct secular religions like worshi-ping diversity or the envi-ronment.
Are our rights inalienable or contrivances from courts? Is government still limited or its power undefined? Is the state answerable to the peo-ple or are we but subjects? Do our rights descend from God or derive from man?
America must decide.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • FORBES.COM (US) • NEWS • 7/7/2011 • 13:57:57
An African Dictator's Son And His Very Lavish Toys Teodorin Obiang and a fema-le friend The irony: The West African nation of Equitorial Guinea is one of the smallest countries in Africa, but its third largest exporter of oil, and it has one of the highest per capita in-comes in the world. Still, over 70% of the country’s population lives in extreme poverty. Equatorial Guinea ranks very poorly in the United Nations human development index: most citizens lack access to clean drinking water, and about 20% of its children die before the age of five. The remaining 80% of the chil-dren have to deal with a low standard of education. But Teodorin Nguema Obi-ang, the 41 year-old son of the country’s President, is unaffected. Two weeks ago,
Global Witness did a report on how the eccentric playboy splashed $20 million of sus-pect funds to purchase art from the estate of the late Yves Saint Laurent. Global Witness had already reported on his high spending ways: back in 2006, it detailed how the dictator’s son spent over $30 million to acquire a mansion in California. The story can be found here: http://www.globalwitness.org/library/african-minister-buys-multi-million-dollar-california-mansion. Teodorin, who serves as E-quitorial Guinea’s minister of Forestry and Agriculture (even though he spends very little time in the country), is one of Africa’s most lavish spenders. Over time there’s been plenty of evidence of his outrageous spending from
various sources. In 2006, a journalist from the Sunday Times of London reported that Teodorin, during a wee-kend in South Africa spent nearly $1.5 million on two Bentleys — an Arnage T and a Mulliner — and a Lambor-ghini Murcielago as well as two luxury houses. So, while his official salary as a minister stands at a mo-dest $6,500 a month, he is apparently able to afford: Two lavish homes in Cape-town, South-Africa Homes in Buenos Aires, Ar-gentina, London and the we-althy 16th arrondissement of Paris A mansion in Malibu, Cali-fornia that reportedly cost over $30 million A car collection that includes a Bugatti Veyron, a Lambor-ghinis Murcielago, 2 Ben-
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tleys- an Arnage T and a Mulliner and an Aston Mar-tin Vanquish A Gulfstream V Jet that re-portedly cost $35 million An art collection purchased from the estate of the late Yves Saint Laurent, which sources say is worth $20 mil-lion Don’t ask me where the mo-ney comes from, but your guess is as good as mine. Teodorin loves the finer things in life. In 2006 he sta-ged a Christmas party for his girlfriend at the time, Grammy award-winning Hip-hop act, Eve, aboard Tatoosh, the 300-foot yacht owned by Microsoft billio-naire, Paul Allen, spending over $400,000 to rent the boat. But while renting a yacht is cool enough, it’s
never as much fun as owning your very own. So in Febru-ary this year he commissio-ned Kusch Yachts, the Ger-man yacht-maker, to build him one of his own. If or when built, the yacht (currently operating under the codename ‘Project Zen’) will cost an estimated $380 million, according to reports from the Los Angeles Times and other sources. It will feature such luxuries as a movie theater, restaurant, bar, swimming pool and a security system with floor motion sensors and finger-print door openers. However, construction on the yacht has not begun. Teodorin’s father, Teodoro Obiang seized power through a bloody coup in 1979 and for the past 32 years has pre-
sided over a despotic go-vernment notorious for its flagrant disregard for human rights, oppression of journa-lists and extreme levels of corruption. The bulk of the country’s wealth is sourced primarily from its oil revenu-es generated by multinational oil companies like Exxon-Mobil, but is unevenly distri-buted among the President, his family and close associa-tes. The rest of the populati-on suffers in silence. And as if the people of Equa-torial Guinea haven’t had enough of retrogressive go-vernance in the past 32 years, Teodorin is currently being groomed to replace his father as Equatorial Guinea’s next president. What a future! Follow me on Twitter @EmperorDIV
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • FORBES.COM (US) • NEWS • 7/7/2011 • 18:16:36
Why Is Obama's State Department Uneasy About Democracy? RABAT, Morocco—This past weekend Americans weren’t the only people cele-brating their freedom.
On July 1, Morocco, became the first Arab country to pea-cefully vote itself into free-dom–complete with a bica-meral congress, elected pre-sident, protections for religi-ous minorities (including the long-established Jewish community) and equal rights for women.
Yet the response from Wa-shington was… cue the cric-kets.
The noisy silence is telling. President Barack Obama has said nothing about the first Arab country to become a democracy without U.S. tanks rumbling through its streets or mass uprisings of its citizens. Nor have con-gressional Republicans said much.
Washington, especially O-bama’s State Department, has a democracy problem.
Too many see democracy promotion as a Bush-era pri-ority, others see democracy as “cultural imperialism,” and still others see dangers, not opportunities. The fear is that the Muslim Brotherhood or some other radical Islamist group may come to power.
The democracy doubters couldn’t be more wrong. The 19th century classical liberal thinkers were right about universal values being uni-versal and people having a natural longing for natural rights.
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Only by denying ordinary people their rights to freedom of speech and peaceful as-sembly is mass support of extremists born. Give people rights and an outlet and the extremists will sidelined. Of course, this must be done gradually and with care, as Morocco has done steadily since 2000.
The Morocco democracy referendum won with the participation of 73.46% of eligible voters, according to Morocco’s Constitution council, the government body that supervised the refe-rendum. By contrast, the most recent national election (for an assembly with far weaker powers) attracted only 37.5% of eligible voters. Almost three-quarters of Mo-roccans did not see demo-cracy as a foreign import, but as a natural right long dela-yed in arriving.
And the huge turnout was a remarkable rebuke to the radical Islamists who called for a boycott. Al Qaeda’s North African wing, Al Qae-da in the Magreb (AQIM), has repeatedly thundered its opposition to democracy, which, in their view, substi-tutes the views of the majo-rity with the strict Sharia law of God. They lost, over-whelmingly.
Some 97.5% of voters voted yes, indicating that almost three-quarters of adult Mo-roccans want real, Western-style democracy. Another 1.5% voted no, with the ba-lance casting blank or spoiled ballots.
But Washington’s mindset is mired in the late 1960s and 1970s, when many of the senior policy makers gradua-ted from college. Perhaps they read too much Marx and too little Mill, leaving them mentally unprepared for a complex world.
Thus, the few official state-ments from the State De-partment have been clueless and damaging.
In the run-up to the July 1 referendum, a State depart-ment spokesman used a sin-gle tepid adjective to descri-be the move toward the Arab world’s first peaceful demo-cratic revolution: “encoura-ging.”
When I went to the Casa-blanca office of Ahmed Cha-rai, publisher of L’Observateur and number of other Moroccan newspa-pers and magazines, I could tell the adjective still stung. His English was good enou-gh to know that “encoura-ging” is what you say about a D student who has finally managed a C+.
Over the next few days, I heard that word “encoura-ging” parsed by a number of other prominent Moroccans, including the Minister of Interior Saad Husar, who oversees the nation’s internal police forces. The word see-med insultingly small and careful; a word best reserved for a development in North Korea.
It is not a word for a drama-tic shift from an absolute
(though relatively gentle) monarchy with a weak con-sultative assembly to a Cons-titutionally limited monar-chy with a strong, sovereign parliament and an elected president who can remove executive branch officials without entreating the king.
On the campaign trail, Ba-rack Obama promised to en-gage the world without Bu-sh’s swagger. Instead, he offers the foreign policy of President Woodrow Wilson; a professor’s policy that is better at lecturing than liste-ning.
Later, on July 1, the day of Morocco’s historic referen-dum, a State Department spokesman managed to sque-ak out a slightly longer sta-tement: “We congratulate the people and the Moroccan leadership on the peaceful conduct of the referendum,” said Mark Toner, a spokes-man for the State Depart-ment, during the depart-ment’s daily press conferen-ce.
And that’s it. Thanks for not rioting.
A few months ago, the State department seemed to see the big picture. Secretary of Sta-te Hillary Clinton hailed the King’s proposed transition as “a model for other countries in the region” that has “great promise, first and foremost for Moroccan people” in March 2011.
Significantly, Mrs. Clinton said these words at a joint press conference at State
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with her Moroccan counter-part, Taib Fassi-Fihri. When forced to be polite, the di-plomats can do their job. Too bad she didn’t repeat these words when the referen-dum’s results poured in.
Of course, there are non-ideological reasons for Wa-shington’s bland response.
One reason for Washington’s virtual silence is timing. Mo-rocco’s democracy referen-dum was held during the July 4th weekend, when senior decision makers are away.
Another reason: Long lines of Muslims peacefully voting are of little interest to net-work television producers or print reporters. Just ask the Iraqis or the Afghans. Their messy, historic transitions to democracy (of sorts) got comparatively little attention. And most of it was devoted to the specter of violence from Al Qaeda and related terror groups. Take away the threat of bomb blasts and interest shrinks to nearly ze-ro. If it doesn’t bleed, it do-esn’t lead. Without media coverage, government offici-als are content to be silent.
Finally, Morocco has long been a stable ally of the Uni-ted States. Indeed, it was the first nation to formally re-cognize the American repu-blic. The kingdom has been a front-line ally in the wars on terror and narcotics. Unlike other African countries, it is not a pitiful theatre of geno-cide, civil war or fly-clouded refugees. Unlike other Arab lands, it is not a persistent
enemy of Israel or America at the U.N. or in other inter-national bodies. It is akin to Denmark, small, friendly, relatively prosperous and therefore boring.
But these reasons are, upon consideration, unsatisfactory. The referendum was not a surprise; policy makers knew about it for months and could easily have had a prepared statement ready. Lack of U.S. media attention doesn’t prevent State from weighing in on events in Ivory Coast or Sudan. And events affecting our boringly reliable allies get commented on all of the time.
No, the problem is deeper. The multicultural mindset comes with crippling relati-vism and misplaced humility. Who are we to say how o-thers should live? They act as if multiculturalism was so-mething other than a holding strategy deployed by center-left groups until their new majorities are finally eligible to return the Left to power in Europe and America. (Once in power, the tune changes.) Instead, they treat multicultu-ralism as a genuine philoso-phy, a means of re-ordering American foreign policy.
So we reach this strange im-passe where the Obama ad-ministration is more comfor-table preventing genocide in Libya (with bombs) than in promoting democracy in Mo-rocco or elsewhere (with kind words).
Instead, the Obama Adminis-tration should be champio-
ning the Morocco model—peacefully adopting a plura-listic model with equal rights for non-Muslims and wo-men—to the rest of the Arab world. In it, the king of Jor-dan should see a way to keep his throne while setting his people free. If the Syrian dictator, who has killed hun-dreds of people in the past few weeks, wants a peaceful resolution, this is it. If Ku-wait and the other Gulf shei-khdoms want to move be-yond embryonic assemblies into full democracy, here is the way.
It is not the referendum itself that is important, but the 10-year liberalization process that produced more than a half-dozen political parties and institutions ready to e-xercise power democratical-ly. While a referendum to-morrow might be a disaster (consider Algeria in 1992, when radical Islamists won the election and touched off a civil war that devoured more than 100,000 lives), a patient march to democracy can work. Morocco’s vote this past weekend shows that it can.
The alternatives are worse: civil war (Libya, Yemen and perhaps Sudan), chaos (Tuni-sia), military rule masquera-ding as democracy (Egypt), or dangerous instability acce-lerated by Iranian or Qatari influences (Yemen, Bahrain).
Usually silence is safest. Not this time. The Obama Admi-nistration should be loudly praising every people that peacefully finds their way to
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freedom, starting with Mo-rocco.
American words are both cheaper and more valuable than American bombers.
Richard Miniter’s latest book is Mastermind: the Many Faces of 9-11 Architect Kha-lid Shaikh Mohammed.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • FORBES.COM (US) • NEWS • 7/7/2011 • 19:11:16
Whatever Happened To Health Care Reform?
Appearing at a recent confe-rence sponsored by Campus Progress, President Bill Clin-ton took on his own party for running away from the Af-fordable Care Act during the 2010 elections.
Good for Clinton.
It’s time that someone with the stature of our 42nd presi-dent reminds Democrats of the spineless judgment they exercised when permitting the GOP to win the message war that directly led to the GOP victories of 2010– no matter how misleading the message may have been.
In Clinton’s address, the ex-President highlighted some of the ‘greatest hits’ of the GOP’s false attack beginning with the wholly untrue asser-tion that the ACA ‘cut’ Me-dicare.
Then there was, ‘They cut Medicare.’ Remember that one? That’s the most interes-ting thing of all. In reality what they did was to reduce the amount of increase given to certain Medicare services, particularly the Medicare Advantage program, which is
the private company … and used the money to close the doughnut hole for the senior citizen drug program and to add years to the Medicare trust fund. But nobody knew it.
Via Politico
Right.
Notice how easy it was for Clinton to explain this? Would it have killed the De-mocrats to do the same rather than allow the GOP narrative to take hold – if for no other reason than to mount some sort of a defense against the successful Republican ons-laught of November, 2010?
It wasn’t like the electorate had already forgotten about health care reform, thus al-lowing the Democrats to let sleeping dogs lie in the hope that the issue would just go away.
What’s more, I’m fairly con-fident that much of the Ame-rican public would have ma-naged to grasp the difference between cutting back on a program like Medicare Ad-vantage and an actual reduc-tion in Medicare benefits.
The Advantage program, which charges the govern-ment approximately 12% more for the same services offered directly by Medicare while offering participants a free pair of eyeglasses or a spa membership in return and was already scheduled to experience a similar reducti-on in their government pay-ments in 2010, is where the overwhelming majority of the Medicare savings came from in the ACA. That is quite a bit different than ac-tually cutting back on Medi-care benefits.
Had the Democrats stood up for their own votes, not only might they have cut into the GOP electoral rout, but they would have found themsel-ves far better positioned to remind their constituents, upon the introduction of the Ryan Medicare Plan, that it was the Democrats who were telling the truth all along when it comes to who is real-ly on the side of protecting Medicare.
Clinton went on to point out the private health insurance company scams wherein the health insurers instituted hu-
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ge increases in premium rates before the 2010 election, claiming that Obamacare had necessitated the increases.
Then they released their fi-nancial statements for 2009 — before the passage of the law — and you know what happened in 2009? The for-profit insurance companies’ profits increased in that hor-rible year 26 percent. You cannot turn truth into power if you don’t have the facts and people don’t connect the dots.
Via Politico
Right again.
While I recognize that the past is past, what continues to amaze is the Democrats’ failure to learn anything from the mid-term elections. Run-ning away from reform did them no good whatsoever, yet in the time that has pas-sed since November, Demo-crats have done nothing to turn around the public per-ception and become the he-roes rather than the bums.
With all the talk of repeal that drove the dialogue of the first months of the GOP con-trolled House disappearing from the public discussion, the Democrats – including the Obama administration – seem all too willing to join in with their adversaries and pretend that health care re-form never really happened. By doing this, they have mis-sed an opportunity to make some headway while the op-position is distracted by more important things – like pro-
tecting millionaires from paying a bit more in taxes while they seek to kill off the last vestiges of what makes America a decent society.
I think I liked it better when the Republicans were making a big fuss over repealing O-bamacare.
At least the GOP ravings that health care reform was the first step towards the insidi-ous socialism that is, appa-rently, invading our shores required the Democrats to put up some measure of re-sistance and keep the benefits of the ACA in the public eye.
Indeed, with the exception of a few non-profit agencies devoted to continuing the drive to reform our ailing health care system, such as the highly effective ‘Health Care For America NOW’ (HCAN) under the capable direction of Ethan Rome, the members of the Democratic Party continue to run away from health care reform as fast as their little legs can carry them. In fact, there are organizations with paid staff operating with the knowled-ge and approval of the White House and the DNC that can’t seem to accomplish much more than holding a weekly meeting in order to pretend they actually do so-mething. Despite the high priced political talent at the head of these groups, and funding from any number of sympathetic Democratic stalwarts, I have yet to see so much as one television ad meant to remind the public that health care reform must
remain a living, breathing national priority that we sim-ply cannot afford to forget.
While some see the political benefits of letting health care reform drift quietly into the background, the ACA, which accomplished only a part of what many of us would have liked to see in a reform bill, was sold as a ‘first step’ to-wards a more equitable heal-th care system for all Ameri-cans while providing some immediate protections aga-inst health insurance com-pany abuses.
Doing it in steps was, accor-ding the President, the only way to go as pushing through more dramatic reforms, such as the Public Option, was simply not possible under the current rules of the political game.
I believe President Obama was right about that.
Important social legislation typically comes to life in small bursts rather than with a big bang. The original le-gislation creating Social Se-curity was extremely limited in its reach with many of those who now receive this important benefit not inclu-ded in the initial plan.
And while our President may have benefitted from a Con-gress controlled by his own party during the health care reform effort, the rules of the game are far different than the days when President Johnson could ram through
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huge Medicare and Medicaid programs -not to mention The civil rights Act – in one fell swoop.
How is it different?
The filibuster.
In Johnson’s time, the mino-rity party could not take such easy advantage of this Senate rule that so badly perverts the ‘majority rule’ concept of American government by allowing that minority party to block important legislati-on.
Still, in order for ‘first steps’ to turn into ‘next’ steps, it is essential to continue the pro-cess of informing and educa-ting the public so that mo-mentum towards greater re-form is not lost.
It is difficult to see where there remains any momen-tum towards continued re-form.
While there will always be something new that fuels the narrative drama that is our
national debate – complete with the end of the second act cliffhangers typically found in television procedu-ral dramas that are now a staple of our legislative pro-cess- there is little point in getting change started if you are just going to bail out on it when the heat gets turned up just a few degrees.
As we approach the end of our latest episode of kabuki theater, which I like to call “Dancing On The Debt Cei-ling”, is there any chance that health care reform will re-appear on the national agen-da or has it already been re-legated to becoming a sum-mer re-run that nobody wants to watch having already seen what they believe to be the ending?
The likely answer is that we can only hope for a renewal of the discussion if the GOP views Obamacare as a useful talking point in the coming election.
Those who understand that our current health care sys-
tem remains in a Code Red scenario should very much hope that this will be the case and that the President will finally take the opportunity to explain why the ACA was not only a good thing – but an essential piece of legisla-tion.
Out of sight is, indeed, out of mind. And out of mind me-ans that our deeply troubled health care system will con-tinue to deteriorate until it reaches the stage where the opportunity for implosion will create that legislative cliffhanger that will provide enough entertaining drama to once again command our attention.
Sadly, by the time that hap-pens -and it will happen – it will probably be far too late for the show to have a happy ending.
contact Rick at [email protected]
Twitter @rickungar
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • FORBES.COM (US) • NEWS • 7/7/2011 • 09:12:31
Surprise, Surprise: Pension Cuts Are Legal
Rich Danker For the past year or so, as the public pension crisis has be-en exposed across the coun-try, unions have cited the law as the reason that states can-not restrain their retirement system costs. Pension deals
between government and workers are ironclad, their legal theory went, and com-pensation can’t be trimmed even for workers’ future ye-ars of service. So when three states, Colorado, Minnesota and South Dakota, cut the
cost-of-living allowances (COLA) in their pension formula last year, their re-form efforts were expected to be scuttled by the courts in favor of the union plaintiffs. Instead, judges last week in Colorado and Minnesota
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threw out the suits and there-fore opened the door to fur-ther reform. In Denver, Dis-trict Judge Robert Hyatt de-creed that saving the state’s pension system from spira-ling out of control “is a legi-timate governmental interest” which neither side in the case disputed in their briefs. His counterpart in Minnesota, Judge Gregg Johnson, wrote that the retirees “have not met their burden to show unConstitutionality beyond a reasonable doubt” in re-gards to the COLA change. The New York Times noted that before these rulings pu-blic pensions were conside-red “bulletproof”, but now “the legal tide may be chan-ging for public pensioners.” For most policymakers, pen-sion reform so far has meant changing the model to cut the costs of future workers. This is necessary, but doesn’t put a dent in the unfunded liabili-ties held by the states, which have been calculated by so-me economists to be as high as $3 trillion. The retirement systems in twelve of those states are so bad that they are on course to run out of mo-ney by the end of the decade.
Cutting the COLA is one of the reforms needed (along with rolling back excessive pension accruals, eliminating the practice of “spiking,” and raising the retirement age) to stave off pension insolvency. Along those lines, the Ame-rican Legislative Exchange Council, an organization of nearly 2,000 conservative state legislators, earlier this year adopted model legislati-on drafted by the American Principles Project that caps pension payouts at the priva-te sector median. By green-lighting the COLA adjust-ments, the two court rulings signal to lawmakers that they may proceed to do what’s needed to make their retire-ment systems sustainable. If states don’t act to bring down their unfunded liabili-ties, they’ll have to fall back on a combination of spending cuts below socially accepta-ble levels and tax increases above what is economically tolerable in order to direct revenue into pension pa-youts. It will be a wealth transfer from younger wor-kers to government retirees. It makes no sense, but this is the outcome of a defined
benefit retirement system run amok. There is relatively little case precedent for pension reform, but recently we’ve seen as-sumptions turned on their heads. Vallejo, Calif., wouldn’t go so far as to tou-ch pensions in its bankruptcy organization plan, but a small town in Alabama cut off payments when it ran out of money. COLAs, like the rest of vested workers’ pensions, were thought to be legally untouchable by most pensi-on-watchers until those two judges ruled otherwise. South Dakota is still waiting for the same affirmation, and New Jersey Gov. Chris C-hristie last week signed a law eliminating his state’s CO-LA. During the next round of state legislative sessions, expect to see more lawma-kers and governors take ag-gressive action. The law is ultimately foun-ded on common sense, and common sense on this issue dictates that public pensions shouldn’t be straightjackets on state governments. Rich Danker is Project Direc-tor for Economics at Ameri-can Principles Project, a Wa-shington policy organization
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • FORBES.COM (US) • NEWS • 7/7/2011 • 12:42:24
King Obama: Are We In Danger Of An Imperial Presidency? Are we in danger of an impe-rial presidency? I just can’t seem to pin down the liberal line on that question. Many of the liberal voices that were shrieking “wolf” when Presi-dent George W. Bush was in office now employ the same tongues in enthusiastic presi-dential boot-licking, kowto-wing before the White House and offering craven support for every whim of presidenti-al ambition. Case in point: former For-bes.com columnist, Bruce Bartlett. He asserts that O-bama is legally permitted, under a bizrre interpretation of the 14th amendment, to ignore the Congressional debt ceiling set by statute. His columns on this topic have granted Bartlett semi-divine status on MSNBC and the ultimate digital apotheo-sis for ex-conservatives, a column addressing this topic published on the New York Times web site. This idea has traveled the establishment world, not just the graying lady and the hig-hly exclusive (if you go by audience size) cable network, but also such liberal and es-tablishment venues as the New Republic and the Atlan-tic. Chuck Schumer has im-plied that the president mi-ght, in fact, follow the advice given in these columns and borrow above the legally settled limit.
They better have a good s-trong case. After all, the Congressional powers regar-ding taxes, spending and borrowing are among the clearest and most well esta-blished matters in Constitu-tional history. Aside from the enormous amount of ma-terial in the British common law tradition (which the Constitution explicitly u-pholds) about the primacy of the legislative branch in mat-ters of taxing and borrowing, there is the actual text of Ar-ticle 1, Section 8 of the Constitution itself: The Congress shall have Po-wer To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the Uni-ted States; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the Uni-ted States; To borrow money on the credit of the United States Article 1 is dedicated to the enumerated Congressional powers. It contains the autho-rity to borrow money. Article 2 is dedicated to executive branch powers, and says no-thing at all about borrowing authority. As you can see above, the Constitution lists taxing, spending, defense and bor-rowing powers together. This fits perfectly with the histori-cal background out of which the American founders deri-
ved their principles of public finance. The Briti-sh/American freedom traditi-on held that the branch of government closest to the people, the legislature, would constitute a brake on the war (and welfare) powers of the distant and remote executive. The British king could decla-re war on anyone he cared to, but only Parliament could tax or borrow to fund it. The king routinely kept Parlia-ment out of session, allowing them to meet only when he needed to money to go to war. This approach to public debt is well established in com-mon law history, and all of the debates by both federalist and anti-federalist writers assume the same basic un-derstanding as the plain text of the Constitution. The notes of the proceedings of the Constitutional Conven-tion assume it, as do the Fe-deralist Papers which were written in order to persuade the people to vote for it. No-ne of the sycophants has pro-duced a single quote from any supporter or detractor of the 14th amendment to sup-port the notion that it was intended to give the executi-ve branch the authority to usurp Congressional jurisdic-tion from the Congress. On behalf of the executive branch’s alleged unlimited borrowing power, we have not arguments, but rather
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wishes — or simply will. This is the will-to-power vs. the Constitution. Such an understanding of the separation of powers would do more than roll us back to the days before 1776. After all, King George did not cla-im the right to ignore Parlia-ment in his borrowing. No king after the beheaded Char-les I claimed such a right. The battle of Runnymede was fought over just this is-sue. The Magna Charta was the pact that took from the
King the right to tax or to borrow unilaterally. Bartlett et al would not roll us back 236 years to colonial status, but rather 800 years to serf status. And we won’t stand for it. We won’t be under any legal obligation to pay it back. And anyone who lends us money above and beyond the amount allowed by law would be doing so at their own risk. Under the doctrine of odious debt it should be treated as a personal liability
of Barack Obama and Timo-thy Geithner, not as an obli-gation of the people whose Congress did not approve it. Just how far so-called inde-pendent journalists and pu-blic intellectuals will stretch credulity, logic and their own credibility to subvert the rule of law and curry favor with the most powerful man in the world is a sorry story that will have to wait for the next column in this series.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • DIARIO VANGUARDIA (PY) • EDITORIAL • 7/7/2011 • 10:55:26
Las cárceles no cumplen su misión y ayudan a la expansión de la violen-cia Se supone que la cárcel tiene como objetivo promover la recuperación del delincuente como una persona útil a la sociedad. Ese objetivo, según todos los indicios, se halla cada día más lejano en el sistema penitenciario vigente en el Paraguay. Es notorio que los delincuen-tes, al dejar las cárceles por uno u otro motivo, se rein-corporan inmediatamente a sus actividades al margen de la ley. Las reincidencias son tan numerosas que, por lo menos desde el punto de vis-ta estadístico, se puede decir que el régimen penitenciario es un inmenso fracaso que necesita ser revertido para que la sociedad no esté en permanente peligro de ser atacada por los inadaptados sociales.
De un tiempo a esta parte, según se constata en la in-formación diaria, las fugas se multiplican con una celeridad pasmosa. En algunos casos, tal es la debilidad de los me-canismos de seguridad, que podría pensarse que solo la extrema torpeza de los dete-nidos les impide recuperar su libertad por la vía más rápida y masiva. Existe una necesidad impos-tergable de reformular pro-fundamente la política de contención criminal. Ello supone una reorganización del sistema de prisiones para que sirvan efectivamente a la recuperación de seres huma-nos que, en principio, pare-cen irremediablemente con-denados a una vida marginal signada por la violencia. Hombres que ingresan a la cárcel por “robar gallinas”,
abandonan las instituciones penitenciarias convertidos en máquinas de matar, decididos a borrar a cualquiera que se le cruce en el camino. Jóve-nes patoteros drogadictos, se convierten en motobandis, los violadores en asesinos y así sucesivamente. Los lugares de detención son verdaderas fábricas de delin-cuentes, que convierten a personas en entes subhuma-nos, cargados con resentimi-entos, frustraciones y supues-tas deudas que cobrar a la sociedad. Se deben tener en cuenta las conclusiones de estudios sobre los dramas de la vida carcelaria. Colegios de abogados de muchos países afirman que el motivo central del desinterés de los gobiernos en este ám-bito surge del hecho cierto de que los ciudadanos encarce-
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lados no votan. Y la política de captación de los electores, generalmente, se basa más en operaciones aritméticas que en la solución de problemas que se agravan con el tiempo. La política anticriminal debe incluir, además, el tema del hacinamiento de seres huma-nos con su correlato de vio-lencias y humillaciones. La
convivencia de rateros con asesinos no resiste el menor análisis, y por ende debe mo-dificarse imperiosamente. La espiral de violencia es cada vez mayor, nadie está a salvo de las garras de asesinos, violadores y asaltantes que matan por un teléfono celular o por un calzado deportivo.
De nada sirve potenciar a la Policía, si el sistema carcela-rio no funciona, el Poder Judicial se muestra benévolo con los delincuentes y la propia sociedad no reacciona y no exige respuestas a un gobierno que está cada vez más alejado de las preocupa-ciones y necesidades del pu-eblo.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • DIARIO VANGUARDIA (PY) • JUDICIALES • 7/7/2011 • 10:36:47
Lugo alienta invasiones en busca de apoyo popular El abogado Mauro Barreto, asesor del consultado de Bra-sil en Alto Paraná, denunció que los policías tienen “orden superior” para no desalojar a los invasores de las tierras en Ñacunday. Acusó al presi-dente Lugo de apoyar las ocupaciones como medida desesperada en busca de vo-tos para su reelección. “Sí, eso está corroborado”, mani-festó Barreto al ser abordado respecto a la implicancia de Lugo en las invasiones en Ñacunday, Alto Paraná. El profesional indicó que las pruebas constituyen la falta de cumplimiento de las órde-nes de desalojo, la inacción de la Fiscalía y las declara-ciones algunos jefes policia-les de la zona, quienes asegu-ran que sólo reciben órdenes directas del presidente Lugo. El subcomisario Lovera ase-guró que por este motivo no despejan las tierras invadi-das, indicó el abogado, quien mencionó que habría una grabación de la conversación entre él, los colonos afecta-
dos y el uniformado. “Hay una orden superior. Es fácil deducir que hay algo”, insis-tió. Con esta situación, el presi-dente Lugo busca adherentes para su campaña de reelecci-ón, refirió. “Deducimos que como ya no tiene ningún apoyo político de partidos tradicionales, está buscando el apoyo popular”, refirió. La-mentó que el Gobierno dilate la solución del proble-ma con planteamientos de mesas de diálogo. INCERTIDUMBRE Y PREOCUPACIÓN Los colonos afectados por las invasiones están desespera-dos porque sus tareas se en-cuentran interrumpidas por la crisis, refirió. Comentó que los propietarios ya no saben dónde recurrir, debido a que agotaron instancias en el Po-der Judicial. Indicó que a-guardarían hasta el 10 de julio a que el Gobierno tome una decisión y una postura clara. De lo contrario evalua-
rían despejar sus tierras por sus propios medios, agregó. Barreto señaló que constitu-yen un grupo reducido quie-nes encabezan las invasiones en Ñacunday. El número de ocupantes crece debido a que “hay un grupo que está pidi-endo sumas a cambio de 25 hectáreas”, refirió. Indicó que hay labriegos que per-manecen en el sitio debido a la promesa de que la zona será otorgada a los invasores. Suman alrededor de 100 las personas que reclaman unas 12.000 hectáreas de tierra, que -según ellos- son exce-dentes y no propiedad priva-da. El abogado desmintió que exista excedente alguno en las propiedades de los colo-nos. Mencionó que se hicie-ron varias mensuras judicia-les que avalan sus declara-ciones. El grupo invasor permanece en el sitio desde abril pasado con apoyo de José Ledesma, gobernador de San Pedro, y el senador Sixto Pereira, agregó. FONDOS ADICIONALES
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El vicepresidente de la Re-pública, Federico Franco, dijo que el Estado debe recu-perar las tierras de Antebi cué para cedérsela a los cam-pesinos y destinar los recur-sos adicionales provenientes de Itaipú en el arraigo de los labriegos. Federico Franco dijo tras reunirse con la mesa directiva del Senado que “ba-jo ninguna circunstancia se puede aceptar la invasión (de las tierras de Tranquilo Fave-ro); creo que tenemos una solución, he puesto a consi-deracoon del presidente (de la República, Fernando Lu-go) y el Consejo de Ministros
las tierras de Antebi, cuyos ocupantes, en su mayoría cuenta con recursos”. El vicepresidnete agregó que los ocupantes de la tierra de referencia “jamás abonaron al Estado por el usufructo, y asi como somos exigentes con los campesinos, debemos serlo también con los otros, recuperar esas tierras y dárse-las a los paraguayos, los ocu-pantes no son los verdaderos beneficiarios de la reforma agraria”. Consultado sobre la versión de que el gobernador de San Pedro, José “Pakova” Ledesma, estaría promovien-do las ocupaciones, señaló
que “eso es lo que dice la prensa”. En otro momento manifestó que le pidió a Lugo “encar-garme del tema de Antebi, que es la gran solución para esto, tenemos demasiados recursos, este dinero que viene del Brasil perfectamen-te se puede usar para eso, trabajar con arraigo”. Insistió en que “no se necesita inva-dir ninguna propiedad, no se hizo la reforma agraria, no abonaron nada en concepto de arrendamiento”, con res-pecto a las tierras de Antebi cué.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • DIARIO VANGUARDIA (PY) • JUDICIALES • 7/7/2011 • 10:32:20
López Perito da la razón a sin tierras El jefe de Gabinete, Miguel López Perito, expresó que parte de las tierras reclama-das de la propiedad de Tran-quilino Favero están en situ-ación de “indefinición legal”. “Estamos hablando de la finca 4.036 de Ñacunday. Las tierras reclamadas están en una situación de indefini-ción legal. El Poder Judicial debe definir si esas tierras son del Estado o de quién”, dijo Miguel López Perito refiriéndose a la propiedad de Tranquilino Favero. “Yo convoqué a pedido del Presidente al Poder Judicial, Indert, MOPC, Ministerio del
Interior, Procuraduría, a fin de llevar a cabo una reunión para analizar el conflicto. Los ocupantes presentaron documentos sobre el pedido que plantean, no así los pro-ductores, quienes no acudie-ron a la convocatoria”, agre-gó. En otro momento, sostuvo que se llegará al fondo de la cuestión, agregando que “hay colonos brasileños en tierras que no corresponden, por lo tanto no pueden estar. Así si fueron engañados en su bue-na fe, se va a respetar la ley”. Consultado si serían afecta-dos los productores que tra-
bajan en la zona desde hace más de 20 años, expresó que no se puede generalizar. “El Poder Judicial deberá hacer una mensura sobre una finca madre reclamada ya que hu-bo alteración de documen-tos”, dijo. “En este caso (de Favero) no puedo hablar de otros casos, es absolutamente falso que Sixto Pereira y Pakova Le-desma estén implicados, no se puede hablar de ocupaci-ón, de invasión en estos luga-res. No se trata de esta campaña de que el gobierno está conspirando”, indicó.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • DIARIO VANGUARDIA (PY) • LOCALES • 7/7/2011 • 13:35:14
Gobernador defiende a los jueces que le dan impunidad El gobernador del Alto Para-ná, el colorado cartista Nel-son Aguinagalde, en una clara injerencia en el Poder Judicial, brindó su respaldo a los magistrados del Alto Paraná suspendidos por mala actuación y dio instrucciones a los ministros de la Corte cómo deben proceder con ellos. El objetivo es defender a los jueces Raúl Insaurralde y Norma Gamarra de Martínez, que dan impunidad al gober-nador y a su entorno en los procesos por negociados y otros ilícitos. La misiva de dos páginas fue enviada al presidente de la Corte Su-prema de Justicia, el minis-tro Juan María Benítez Riera y a los otros integrantes del máximo tribunal de nuestro país, el pasado 4 de julio. Aguinagalde expresa en principio, su preocupación por los hechos que se susci-tan en la administración de justicia con la suspensión de varios jueces por mala actua-ción. Después, el gobernador colo-rado cartista dicta una espe-cie de cátedra a los miembros de la Corte sobre procedimi-
ento judicial indicando que “dentro de un procedimiento judicial cualquiera sea su naturaleza o fuero, necesari-amente se establece el requi-sito especial del juez natural. Así tenemos los principios básicos del debido proceso, consagrado en la Constituci-ón Nacional’’, dice una parte del escrito. En los siguientes párrafos el gobernador sigue dando cá-tedra sobre cuestiones neta-mente jurídicas, sacando a relucir lo que el denomina juez natural, que “es la ga-rantía que posee toda persona a ser juzgada por un tribunal constituido con anterioridad a la ocurrencia del hecho delictual o generador del reclamo ante los estrados judiciales’’. Después señala que la sus-pensión de 8 jueces de la zona genera una mora judici-al que, según Aguinagalde “preocupa a la población esteña. Acto seguido el gobernador revela el objetivo de su misi-va y dice que “brinda su apo-yo a todos los magistrados de la Circunscripción Judicial del Alto Paraná y Canindeyú, pues los mismos deben gozar
planamente de todos los de-rechos y atribuciones que la Ley les confiere siendo so-lamente estos sus únicos pa-trones a quienes deben obe-decer’’. Claramente, el gobernador Aguinagalde busca dar su respaldo político como go-bernador y la de su movimi-ento Honor Colorado, lidera-do por Horacio Cartes, a los jueces Raúl Insaurralde y Norma Gamarra de Martínez. El primer magistrado citado, junto la fiscal Juliana Gimé-nez, dieron impunidad a Jor-dan Peralta, asesor del go-bernador y quien maneja los negociados en la Gober-nación. El citado Pereira fue procesado por usurpación de función pública. Entretanto, la jueza Norma Gamarra de Martínez dilata en forma grosera y aplicando las disposiciones legales a su antojo para evitar que Agui-nagalde sea juzgado por lesi-ón de confianza en un nego-ciado de G. 3.000 millones en la construcción de aulas y en la entrega de alimentos inservibles a escolares. Am-bos procesos están en el juz-gado a cargo de la magistra-da Norma Gamarra.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL PERUANO (SP) • OPINIÓN • 7/7/2011
Fortalecimiento del Estado unitario Carlos Ponce Rivera Profe-sor de Derecho Constitu-cional El Estado moderno es pro-ducto de una larga evolución que implicó el reconocimien-to de la igualdad ante la ley, la separación de funciones y el sistema representativo como mecanismos para po-der garantizar la convivencia en común. El poder del Esta-do absolutista medieval fue reafirmándose en la medida que se debilitaba el Estado estamental, en el cual los ordenamientos jurídicos se superponían unos sobre o-tros, creando privilegios en función al origen o la clase social de las personas. Así, se generaba una suerte de inseguridad jurídica que impedía el desarrollo social y económico hundiendo a las sociedades en una permanen-te inmovilidad y pobreza material. Al consolidarse el poder esta-tal, mediante la figura del Rey, la Nación comenzó a unificarse de tal forma que los cuerpos sociales cobraron un grado superior de desar-rollo y conciencia colectiva que les permitió comenzar a abrazar proyectos asociati-vos. Siguiendo a Hegel, era el espíritu elevado a su máxima expresión al convertirse en un ente garante de la libertad de las personas que eran li-bres solo en cuanto ciudada-nos.
Hoy, ese modelo de organi-zación es puesto en duda, y frente a la idea tradicional que basa al Estado en el uso de su "soberanía", surge a-quella que plantea que esta debe regresar al pueblo (al estilo roussoniano) y que la Nación puede definirse so-lamente a partir del origen e identificación étnicos. En el caso peruano, el pro-blema es que esa reconoci-miento simplemente es im-posible, salvo para algunas minorías que, por diferentes causas, siempre han sido excluidas del Estado formal. La solución que se ha plante-ado desde algunas posiciones políticas es crear naciones Estado en torno a la identifi-cación geográfica del lugar en donde estas minorías constituyen mayoría pobla-cional, lo cual implicaría una necesaria escisión del territo-rio de la República y su bal-canización, condenándonos a un estado de conflicto per-manente y a la inviabilidad, apareciendo como Estado fallido. El Perú ha sido siempre un Estado unitario, esto por ne-cesidad histórica, porque somos una sociedad con ten-dencia a la fragmentación y que no se termina de amal-gamar en un solo proyecto nacional. Sin un poder concentrado habríamos desaparecido co-mo país hace mucho, y la idea de federalizar la Repú-blica siempre ha sido recha-
zada precisamente por la razón antes mencionada de que somos un país con ten-dencia a la escisión y porque ello implicaría la creación de ordenamientos jurídicos di-símiles y discriminatorios abriendo el paso a la segre-gación y la confrontación abiertas. En el Estado unitario hay una sola Constitución que se yergue no como un proyecto de vida social sino como un mecanismo que hace posible la vida en común, para ello se necesita no solo de una autoridad consciente de que tiene que hacerla respetar, sino también de una sociedad que se sienta parte de ese orden al cual debe someterse voluntariamente. Solo de esa manera se evitará regresar al Estado feudal en el cual existían ciudadanos que se reclamaban con privi-legios que la mayoría no te-nía; en una sociedad pluricul-tural, las diferencias se respe-tan, pero el orden jurídico reclama igualdad en el trato porque, a esta alturas de la globalización, todas tienen pleno conocimiento acerca de qué es bueno y qué no. El Estado unitario y constitu-cional debe garantizar la primacía de la Constitución por encima de toda norma jurídica, el respeto a los de-rechos humanos, pero, ade-más, la viabilidad de la Naci-ón en cuanto proyecto, así como de una cultura de valo-res democráticos que garan-
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ticen la vida en común; eso, es necesario decirlo, es tarea de las autoridades, pero tam-
bién de los ciudadanos, quie-nes finalmente somos los destinatarios de las decisio-
nes y en quienes se expresan los efectos de estas.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL PERUANO (SP) • DERECHO • 7/7/2011
Ocma afianza lucha anticorrupción
Anuncian investigación a magistrados de La Libertad y Lambayeque [Trujillo] En su lucha contra la inseguridad ciudadana, la Oficina de Control de la Ma-gistratura (Ocma) investiga a jueces de los departamentos de La Libertad y Lambaye-que, en el norte del país, que otorgaron cuestionables be-neficios penitenciarios a pe-ligrosos delincuentes, expre-só el jefe de esta entidad, Enrique Mendoza Ramírez. Según informó el magistrado, son 64 reos los que fueron liberados en La Libertad y 15 en Lambayeque. De estos, agregó, se calcula que el 80 por ciento estaba preso por robo agravado y el resto por homicidio y tráfico ilícito de drogas.Luego de iniciar las investigaciones se determinó preliminarmente que para el caso de La Libertad se orde-ne la recaptura de 32 benefi-ciados para que purguen su condena en prisión; mientras que en Lambayeque, de los 15 liberados, se dispuso la recaptura de 11.Esto debido a que después de acceder al beneficio de semilibertad o libertad condicional no se han reportado al Instituto Nacional Penitenciario (Inpe) para informar y justificar sus actividades, pese a que es una de las reglas de conducta impuestas al beneficiario.En una visita anterior del perso-
nal de la Ocma se determinó al respecto que el Inpe tam-bién tenía responsabilidad al no informar oportunamente a los juzgados sobre dichos incumplimientos. Todas las instituciones involucradas –señaló– deben ser conscien-tes de las decisiones que to-man y de la responsabilidad que implica dar libertad a un delincuente. Este debe estar en la condición de individuo reinsertado a la sociedad.En ese sentido, indicó que se ha recomendado cambiar los criterios que el juez usa para aprobar un beneficio peni-tenciario, los cuales ya no solo se basarán en los infor-mes psicológicos presentados sino, también, en el propio criterio del magistrado de acuerdo con los antecedentes del condenado."Esta campaña no es para impedir la salida de un recluso que verdaderamente amerita su libertad, es más bien para que el juez garantice que el bene-ficiado no volverá a delin-quir", expresó el magistrado, después de ser distinguido en la comuna trujillana por su contribución con la justicia peruana.
Trujillo entrega medalla de la ciudad a magistradosLa Mu-nicipalidad Provincial de
Trujillo condecoró con la medalla de la ciudad y un diploma de honor al presi-dente de la Corte Suprema de Justicia, César San Martín Castro, y al jefe de la Ocma, Enrique Mendoza Ramí-rez.Dicho reconocimiento se les otorgó por su aporte al fortalecimiento del sistema judicial peruano, la lucha contra la corrupción y el combate frontal contra la inseguridad ciudadana, señalan las resoluciones de alcaldía que decretan las dis-tinciones.A la ceremonia no pudo acudir el titular del Po-der Judicial, quien se dis-culpó a través de una misiva que fue leída ante el audito-rio. Sin embargo, las autori-dades cumplieron con el acto protocolar de entregar ambas distinciones a Mendoza Ra-mírez.Después, el jefe de la Ocma dijo que su institución, creada hace 33 años, ha cumplido un papel importan-te en el control de quienes imparten justicia en el país y con las herramientas e ins-trumentos puestos en marcha se ha avanzado.Por su parte, el alcalde de Trujillo, César Acuña, afirmó que "este es el reconocimiento a dos hom-bres que han hecho mucho por el Perú". "Este país nece-sita justicia y esto se logrará
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con jueces justos, honestos y transparentes", enfatizó.A la cita acudieron diferentes au-toridades de los ámbitos local y regional. También, el pre-sidente del directorio de la empresa Editora Perú, Otto Egúsquiza Roca.
Otros casos
1 El jefe de la Ocma, Enrique Mendoza Ramírez, detalló
que a escala nacional, por otros casos, ya hay 36 jueces destituidos. "Estamos traba-jando para imponer la paz social en el país y junto al Poder Judicial se están to-mando las medidas correcti-vas necesarias".
2 Exhortó además a los ma-gistrados a formar una barre-ra ante el aumento de la peli-grosidad y ser estrictos en el
cumplimiento de sus funcio-nes, sin vulnerar los derechos de las personas implicadas en los actos delincuenciales.
3 Las investigaciones dura-rán entre cuatro y cinco me-ses. Al final, recién se cono-cerá si hay jueces implicados y, de ser así, serán sanciona-dos, tal y como manda la ley.
TJ • BUSINESS TRAVEL MAGAZINE (SP) • HOT NEWS • 7/7/2011 • 09:08:00
Justiça homologa a venda pela Veplan do hotel Rio Palace para a BHG S.A. A BHG S.A. - Brazil Hospi-tality Group comunicou que o Tribunal de Justiça do Rio de Janeiro homologou ontem, por unanimidade, o Instrumento Particular de Promessa de Compra e Ven-da celebrado em 26 de agosto de 2010, conforme aditado em 2 de setembro de 2010, entre a BHG e a Veplan Ho-téis e Turismo S.A., para aquisição do hotel Rio Palace (atualmente "Sofitel"). A
aquisição já havia recebido a aprovação do Comitê dos Credores devidamente habili-tados no processo de recupe-ração judicial da Veplan, em reunião realizada em 3 de setembro de 2010. Considerado um dos princi-pais hotéis da cidade, o Rio Palace possui área construída total de 57.811 m², 388 apar-tamentos com varanda, 10 salas de eventos para até 2.000 pessoas, 13 salas de
reunião no business center, dois restaurantes, bar, aca-demia de ginástica e estacio-namento no subsolo. Com a aquisição do empreendimen-to, a BHG totalizará em seu portfólio 1.530 quartos no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, de 3, 4 e 5 estrelas, além de 40 salas de eventos. A BHG não anunciou quando assumirá a operação do empreendimen-to.
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TSE • JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • PRENSA LATINA (AR) • NOTÍCIAS • 7/7/2011 • 09:34:00
São dois candidatos presidenciais guatemaltecos rejeitados Guatemala, 7 jul (Prensa Latina) Os candidatos presi-denciais guatemaltecos cujas inscrições foram rejeitadas são hoje duas, após o ser um ex-pastor evangélico cuja antiga condição supostamen-te o limita por lei para ir às eleições de setembro. O aspi-rante Harold Caballeros, da coalizão de Visão com Valo-res (VIVA)-Encontro por Guatemala, deixou aquele trabalho na congregação reli-giosa em 2006 e criou a pri-meira desses agrupamentos para as eleições do ano se-guinte. A Caballeros acabou-se-lhe então o tempo para fazer oficial a VIVA como partido. Segundo o Registro de Cida-dãos (RC) do Tribunal Su-premo Eleitoral (TSE), ape-sar de ter renunciado a sua igreja mantém-se a proibição constitucional porque fazer para aspirar à presidência.
Depois de conhecer ontem a decisão da RC, Caballeros pensou em possíveis pressões de outras organizações polí-ticas e anunciou a apresenta-ção de um recurso de nulida-de para a sentença ante os magistrados do TSE. Por esta mesma situação tem transitado a candidata de outra coalizão, a da Unidade Nacional da Esperança (U-NE) e Grande Aliança Na-cional (VONTADE), Sandra Torres, ainda que por outro motivo. À ex-primera dama lhe impu-tam fraude de lei ao divorciar do presidente Alvaro Colom com o objetivo de optar ao cargo, pois constitucional-mente está proibido façam-no familiares próximos ao mandatário em funções, in-cluído o cônjuge. UNE-A-VONTADE apre-sentou todas as apelações permissíveis ante as autori-
dades eleitorais e agora re-correrá às judiciais, em pri-meiro lugar a Corte Supre-ma de Justiça. De não prosperar também não sua intenção de inscrever a Torres, à aliança lhe ficará então ir ao Corte de Consti-tucionalidade, última proba-bilidade estabelecida. Apesar de não ser oficial sua candidatura, a postulada pela UNE-VONTADE persiste em seus percursos pelo país como parte de sua campanha proselitista e na cada ato a-firma a segurança em que não só conseguirá ser aceite, senão também em um triunfo no sufrágio. No entanto, Torres ocupa a segunda posição nas pesqui-sas de intenção de voto dos eleitores com boa margem por embaixo de Otto Pérez Molina, do Partido Patriota.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • PRENSA LATINA (AR) • NOTÍCIAS • 7/7/2011 • 13:23:00
Apresentam no Chile projeto de lei sobre plebiscito Santiago de Chile, 7 jul (Prensa Latina) Deputados de diferentes seto-res políticos apresentaram um projeto de reforma cons-titucional com o fim de ins-tituir no país a figura do ple-biscito para dirimir conflitos de relevância nacional. A iniciativa é da autoria do
legislador socialista Marcelo Schilling e foi refrendada por representantes das bancadas de todos os partidos oposito-res e também do oficialista Renovação Nacional, além de congressistas independen-tes. Lança-se assim mesmo em um contexto de crise política
no país sul-americano, mar-cado pelo dissenso das posi-ções entre o Executivo e am-plos setores da sociedade a respeito do modelo educa-cional em Chile. Precisamente o movimento cidadão, que encabeçam as federações estudiantiles e o gremio magisterial, aboga
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por um referendo nacional que consideram deixará ver em forma clara a rejeição majoritária dos chilenos à educação de mercado. O deputado e presidente do Partido Comunista de Chile, Guillermo Teillier, destacou que no Chile há um vazio institucional e que se de-monstra hoje em dia, quando
o povo pede mudanças pro-fundos em temas como edu-cação, médio ambiente, e-quidad social e inclusive clama por outra Constituição que anule aliás a atual, apro-vada em ditadura. Concordou com Teillier, o deputado independente Ser-gio Aguiló, que ressaltou a
urgência de legislar a partir do reclamo da comunidade. Se for aprovado o projeto, o plebiscito poderia solitarlo o presidente da República; a cada uma das Câmeras por separado com o acordo pelo menos de dois quintos de seus membros e também a cidadania com 500 mil assi-naturas acreditadas.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • PRENSA LATINA (AR) • NOTÍCIAS • 7/7/2011 • 13:31:00
Sentença corrobora responsabilidade britânica de crimes no Iraque Londres, 7 jul (Prensa Lati-na) A sentença acusatório contra Reino Unido do Tribunal Europeu de direitos huma-nos pela responsabilidade do exército britânico no Iraque poderia abrir uma avalanche de demandas ao Ministério de Defesa, consigna hoje o jornal The Guardian. Como força estrangeira de ocupa-ção, os militares britânicos eram responsáveis por pes-quisar os abusos e crimes perpetrados contra civis ino-centes, opinou nesta quinta-feira o corte de Estrasburgo. A sentença supõe a possibili-dade de prosseguir as inves-tigações e audiências públi-cas em Reino Unido sobre a participação das tropas britâ-nicas em Basora e em outras cidades iraquianas, depois da invasão anglo-estadunidense em 2003. De acordo com o quotidiano londrino, a decisão terá tam-
bém envolvimentos de longo alcance para as operações militares em todo mundo, ao estender a responsabilidade para além dos limites territo-riais de Reino Unido e fora da Europa. O Governo do então premiê trabalhista Tony Blair não só é acusado de arrastar ao país europeu a uma guerra ilegal e injusta contra Iraque, senão também de se abster a levar a cabo investigações sobre a matança de civis por parte das tropas de ocupação. A demanda chegou ao Tribu-nal de Estrasburgo por advo-gados de cidadãos iraquia-nos, cujos familiares foram assassinados, violados, tortu-rados ou desaparecidos por soldados britânicos entre 2003 e 2006. Os arquivos secretos -batizados como os diários de guerra no Iraque- revelados a fins de 2010 pelo portal Wi-kileaks corroboran o envol-
vimento de Reino Unido em sistemáticas violações de direitos humanos e em cri-mes de civis. Reino Unido assumiu em particular a autoridade e res-ponsabilidade com a segu-rança no sudeste do Iraque e em tais circunstâncias existe um vínculo jurisdiccional entre esse país e as pessoas que morreram durante as operações levadas a cabo por soldados britânicos entre maio de 2003 e junho de 2004, sustentou o Tribunal Europeu. Para Eric Metcalfe, diretor do grupo Justiça, as disposi-ções enviam mensagens cla-ros sobre os deveres do go-verno britânico em virtude da proteção dos direitos huma-nos, os quais não podem ser deslocados por resoluções do Conselho de Segurança da ONU, acotó.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL UNIVERSAL • OPINIÓN • 7/7/2011
5 de julio de 1811
Ese día decidimos también crear el Estado moderno, con un gobierno representativo y limitado FRANCISCO JOSÉ VIR-TUOSO S.I
La fecha nos remonta a nues-tros orígenes fundacionales como república moderna. Ese día dejamos de ser súbditos del Rey de España para asu-mirnos como ciudadanos libres. Le quitamos la sobe-ranía al monarca español y se la entregamos a la sociedad para que ella decidiera sus fines colectivos, su forma de Estado y sus medios de gobi-erno. Fue una gesta civil, llevada a cabo mediante la deliberación y la representa-ción popular de las provinci-as. Se debatieron doctrinas y posiciones políticas, que la opinión pública, con acceso a la lectura, pudo seguir en los medios escritos de la época. Finalmente el Supremo Con-greso de los Representantes de las Provincias Unidas de Venezuela toma la decisión de la independencia política y se inicia la redacción de lo que será nuestra primera Constitución.
La República que se inicia el 5 de julio duró muy poco.
Bolívar en su Manifiesto de Cartagena, se encargó de fustigarla duramente, califi-cándola de artificio aéreo, un ejercicio que tenía filántro-pos y filósofos por legislado-res y gobernantes. Como alternativa frente al republi-canismo civil emergió el re-publicanismo militar: solo la fuerza de las armas y una férrea estructura militar de gobierno pueden garantizar la construcción de una repú-blica libre y soberana.
El fracaso de nuestra Primera República se convirtió en la causa de su olvido, y frente al militarismo y caudillismo consiguiente, lo que los ve-nezolanos recordamos del 5 de julio es solo la Declaraci-ón de Independencia, olvi-dándonos que ese día deci-dimos también crear el Esta-do moderno, con un gobierno representativo y limitado.
Consagramos la soberanía popular en manos del pueblo. Eliminamos el régimen es-tamental para sustituirlo por una sociedad de ciudadanos solo regidos en pie de igual-
dad por la Ley y la Constitu-ción. Consagramos también las libertades políticas y civi-les como principios de con-vivencia. Establecimos los derechos del hombre y del ciudadano como la base que garantiza la soberanía popu-lar. Estos se convirtieron en banderas reivindicativas de viejas aspiraciones que per-manecían reprimidas. La Primera República fue tam-bién un modelo de transfor-mación y cambio social.
Este modelo de sociedad libre y pacífica, en donde el poder político está sometido a los ciudadanos, en donde la prosperidad se alcanzará gra-cias a la virtud y a la capaci-dad para la industria y el li-bre intercambio, sigue siendo una aspiración a 200 años de su proclamación. Hacer de este legado una convicción colectiva es una condición imprescindible para alcanzar nuestros sueños de felicidad pública y llevar adelante las transformaciones necesarias para ello.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL UNIVERSAL • OPINIÓN • 7/7/2011
Gabinete de sombra
Necesitamos con urgencia solidaridad tras la única causa común: salvar el país del caos RUTH CAPRILES
Se requiere calma, cordura y organización unitaria entre los sectores de la oposición en estos momentos de vacío de poder provocado por la enfermedad presidencial y cuando los grupos oficialistas se matan entre ellos, radicali-zando el discurso, copiando el acostumbrado lenguaje incendiario del Presidente para sustituirlo y permanecer en el poder a toda costa. La irresponsabilidad de los sec-tores oficialistas que llaman a las armas debe ser lección del comportamiento a evitar y sugerencia para una acción defensiva prudente y organi-zada. Necesitamos que la oposición se una, más que para dirimir diferencias elec-torales, para constituir un gabinete sombra que pueda dar respuesta a las necesida-
des de la población en medio del caos provocado por la pugna oficialista. Tenemos por delante una situación crítica. Estaremos año y me-dio sin gobierno; o a medias gobernados por los cubanos entre la gritería y el despeda-zamiento oficial.
Necesitamos la Constitución de un gabinete sombra de emergencia, que estime las acciones correctivas de los desatinos oficiales; que a-tempere la violencia, que llame a la cooperación ciu-dadana para preservar la pro-ducción y la paz nacional. Se necesitan voces tranquiliza-doras, que nos transmitan esperanza y nos ayuden a creer en nosotros mismos y nuestra capacidad de recupe-ración. Se necesita que algui-en nos hable de la recons-
trucción del país, de forma mesurada y realista.
Necesitamos creer en la opo-sición y ahora es el momento para mostrar al país que más allá de las diferencias electo-rales, los candidatos están dispuestos a organizarse y cooperar en un movimiento unitario. Todos los movimi-entos por la libertad en la historia han tenido éxito sólo cuando han logrado confor-mar un movimiento unitario; cuando las aspiraciones per-sonales han cedido en aras de una organización diseñada racionalmente para triunfar. Ya habrá tiempo para resca-tar espacios individuales. Necesitamos con urgencia solidaridad tras la única cau-sa común: salvar a Venezuela del caos.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL UNIVERSAL • OPINIÓN • 7/7/2011
El Presidente de la matemática borrosa RICARDO GIL OTAIZA Con Hugo Chávez nunca se sabe por dónde llegan los tiros, su talante impredecible hace que vivamos inmersos en una ambivalencia rayana en la locura. Hasta hace po-cas horas el país entero daba por descontado su retorno en
lo inmediato, al extremo de que algunos de sus más alle-gados colaboradores afirma-sen que su viaje a Venezuela sería en unos 180 días. Luego otro de los "suyos" afirmó a los medios que en 90 días se estimaba su llegada. Sin ir muy lejos ayer nomás se nos
mostró un video en el que podíamos ver al Presidente merendando con sus hijas, hablando de su infancia, de los papagayos y de los vagos recuerdos en la Barinas natal, como quien se instala desde la nostalgia para hacer un recuento de su vida. Mientras
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nos hacíamos la idea de una ausencia transitoria, que a todas luces contravenía lo establecido en la Constituci-ón, ¡pum!, aparece de la na-da, llega en la madrugada del lunes 4 de julio y "sorpren-de" a los incrédulos, como una figura fantasmal que irrumpe en la realidad para decirnos que no son tan pre-cisos sus linderos con la fic-ción. Después de casi trece años de altibajos, de idas y regresos, de mentiras y me-dias verdades, de ensalmes y de insultos, no nos debería sorprender que una vez más se nos haga pasar a los vene-zolanos como a conejillos de indias, lanzando al voleo globos de ensayo para ver qué pasa y cuál es nuestra reacción. Este talante de lo complejo, que se mueve a través de un espectro bastan-te amplio de posibilidades y argumentos, nos llega a la razón como un mero apunte de lo poco que importa a la casta política dominante lo que la sociedad piense, desee y pregunte. Objetos de burla —a la usan-za de quien se mofa de su contrincante en medio del juego, cambiándole las re-glas, moviéndole las piezas cuando se voltea, o simple-mente mintiéndole de manera descarada para "despistar-lo"—, así nos sentimos frente a una situación que en cual-
quier nación civilizada servi-ría como acicate de unión de voluntades y como punta de lanza de los objetivos teleo-lógicos del colectivo, que deberían ser también los del gobernante. Si como lo ex-presa Edgar Morin, nuestras sociedades aún no se bajan de las ramas, de allí el caos y la desazón (incertidumbre) reinantes; nosotros como país nos encontramos en las ra-mas más altas, de allí nuestro atraso y nuestra mentalidad de rancho. No en vano casi tenemos récord mundial de constituciones redactadas, promulgadas y violadas de la historia. De allí nuestra pé-sima fama de "pillos", que aquí la rebautizamos como "viveza criolla", de la que nos vanagloriamos por cierto. De allí nuestro "folclorismo", que nos hace pasar ante el mundo como unos tremendos sinvergüenzas sin credibili-dad alguna. El país requiere con urgencia que se le hable claro en torno a la salud del Presidente, y del futuro inmediato. El país pensante (y no el ignorante, que recibió impávido la en-fermedad y la muerte del infame Juan Vicente Gómez, quien gobernó varios días desde el más allá) reclama con derecho el que se activen en esta imprevista crisis (y vacío de poder) los meca-nismos constitucionales y
que todo discurra como debe ser: desde la legalidad y la civilidad. Los venezolanos tenemos la experiencia no tan lejana de la abrupta salida del presidente Pérez y la manera diáfana cómo se echaron a andar los procesos que con-dujeron a una transición en-cabezada por el insigne com-patriota Ramón J. Velásquez, quien llevó a la nación hasta puerto seguro en impredeci-bles condiciones políticas, económicas y sociales. ¿A qué le teme el presidente Chávez que no termina de agachar el dedo para que el vicepresidente se encargue de los asuntos de Estado du-rante su larga y dura conva-lecencia? ¿Acaso cree Chá-vez en la reedición de la his-toria de los queridos compa-dritos Cipriano Castro y Juan Vicente Gómez? ¿Olfatea Chávez la aparición de otro Juanchito, de algún Vicentico o de algún Eustoquio barinés, que como buitres estén a la espera de cuando la luz se apague para caerle encima a la torta? Es posible... Entramos de nuevo en el campo de lo complejo, de la densa trama de la vida, que como bumerán retorna para recordarnos que en política dos más dos no son cuatro. Matemática borrosa, ni más ni menos.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL UNIVERSAL • OPINIÓN • 7/7/2011
El fin del chavista todopoderoso THAYS PEÑALVER No haré referencia a la en-fermedad del Presidente por-que al no informarnos sobre lo que tiene en realidad, dón-de y cuál es el pronóstico real, nos ha dejado claro que no quiere que lo sepamos. De lo que sí voy a hablar es de las caras de los otrora todo-poderosos, de la pelea a bo-tellazos que todos vimos y de las duras críticas que se les han hecho. Por primera vez los vimos desnudos de todo poder, por primera vez los vimos haciendo cálculos, insultándose entre ellos y tratando de descuartizarse entre si, porque a diferencia de la oposición, la enferme-dad los había agarrado por sorpresa. Los vimos pálidos como si no hubiera mañana y otros se mandaban a callar en vivo y directo. Unos llama-ron a la lucha armada: ¡To-dos en fila, larguémonos al tribunal de La Haya de una buena vez! Lo que ya hace mérito para acabar en la Cor-te Penal Internacional. Mi-entras otros trataban inútil-mente de llamar a la unidad y otros más les contestaban: ¡Cállate! "Aquí quien manda es Chávez". Luego vimos a Noam Chomsky explicarle al mundo, lo que ya todos sabí-amos, menos los todopodero-sos. Sobre cómo la juez Afi-uni fue detenida "las inade-cuadas condiciones de su encarcelamiento, el tratami-ento degradante que sufrió", "el ensañamiento contra su
persona" y como ella había sido "víctima de actos de violencia y humillaciones que representan un agravio a su dignidad humana". No sin antes concluir "en tiempos en que el mundo se ve sacudido por clamores de libertad, la detención de Afiuni sobresa-le como una flagrante excep-ción". Esta es en esencia la peor crítica que le han podi-do hacer al chavismo. Por eso los nuevos comunistas como Mészáros piensan so-bre casos como el nuestro, que no se trata de socialismo, sino de autoritarismo, como "Allende en Chile" o "Suhar-to en Indonesia" y que cuan-do estos hablaban de "socia-lismo y dicen ser los repre-sentantes del mundo libre y de la democracia", es "un insulto al intelecto y un in-sulto a la razón". Es tiempo de que los "cara pálidas" revisen la historia. Una vez Gómez fuera del poder, los líderes principales se refugiaron en el exterior para ser olvidados, pero los que abusaron "en nombre de la Ley" terminaron arruina-dos, algunos se suicidaron y muchos murieron en prisión, o hasta de hambre. Con Pérez Jiménez fuera del poder, los líderes se marcharon para ser olvidados y algunos fueron detenidos en el exterior, in-cluido Pérez Jiménez al que John F. Kennedy puso en prisión y lo envió a San Juan de los Morros, donde pasó 5 años de calabozo en calabo-
zo. Si Pedro Estrada logró fugarse a París, sus todopo-derosos murieron en la ruina más absoluta, algunos se suicidaron y el promedio de sus tiempos en prisión fue de 14 años. La diferencia es que hoy no habría Estados Unidos, ni Unión Europea, ni París y mucho menos la España del PP. Hoy los norteamericanos a los que los todopoderosos arrancaron arbitrariamente sus propiedades y los españoles, franceses, etc., no piensan olvidar que les arre-bataron todo por cuanto ha-bían trabajado, que fueron perseguidos y algunos hasta asesinados. Pero tampoco habrá voces comunistas, ni canciones de Silvio para el-los. Y para los que piensan huir hacia adelante llamando a las armas, lo que les pasará "ya está cantado en La Ha-ya". Chávez ahora sí tiene una dura batalla por delante y sus todopoderosos, una larga reflexión de que nada es e-terno. No se trata de "recu-lar" sino de entender que aún se puede hacer mucho, por-que ésta fue la campanada para comprender "como de-cía algún filósofo" otro "error fundamental": el peor nego-cio que hizo la revolución bolivariana, fue regalarle a su "enemigo" el Estado de De-recho. [email protected] @thayspenalver
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR •
EL UNIVERSAL • OPINIÓN • 7/7/2011
El Centenario de la Dependencia PER KUROWSKI Agua mucho la celebración del bicentenario de la decla-ración de nuestra indepen-dencia de España, el saber que en poco tiempo debemos recordar el centenario del inicio de nuestra dependencia del petróleo, aquella iniciada el 31 de julio de 1914 con el reventón de Zumaque 1. Nuestra profunda dependen-cia del petróleo, que solo va en crescendo, es económica, política y psicológica. Eco-nómica por cuanto no hemos tenido el carácter para domar los vaivenes de las resultas petroleras, por lo que siem-pre estamos expuestos a los latigazos del mercado. Política por cuanto no hemos tenido el coraje de ejercer nuestros derechos como ciu-dadanos dueños de las resul-tas petroleras, sintiéndonos siempre más cómodos bus-cando a un Gran Cacique para que los ejerza en nom-bre nuestro... para luego te-ner que hacerle a éste enre-vesadas reverencias a fin de que nos devuelva por lo me-nos algo, o preferiblemente más de lo que nos correspon-dería de esas resultas. Psicológica por cuanto para ocultar nuestra dependencia hablamos de la industria pe-trolera y celebramos en alto nuestras pasadas y superadas independencias... para que a nadie se le ocurra el celebrar un Día del Petróleo que po-dría desnudarnos y mostrar
que, profundamente adictos, ni siquiera tenemos la decen-cia de pertenecer a unos Pe-troleros Anónimos. Especialmente duro debe ser el día de independencia ante-rior, la de España, para todos quienes deben estar consci-entes que de no encontrarse en un país de dependientes petroleros dependientes del cacique de turno, y ante éste haberse rendido en los térmi-nos más absolutos que una rendición pueda implicar, no tendrían posibilidad de espe-rar que algunos, fuera de sus más intimo círculo de sufri-dos amigos, se calasen sus discursitos patrios. Si de verdad queremos lograr la independencia de los ve-nezolanos, el próximo Cen-tenario de la Dependencia sería una maravillosa ocasión para promulgar La Liberado-ra... si es que no la promul-gamos hoy mismo, como sería lo más aconsejable. Esa Liberadora colocaría las resultas petroleras en un fon-do petrolero manejado por ciudadanos sin vinculación política... desde el cual se traspasaría al país resultas petroleras por montos que puedan ser digeridos por la economía sin producir inges-tas inflacionarias o excesivos gases que se esfuman en im-portación suntuarias. Igual-mente La Liberadora prohibi-ría cualquier endeudamiento público que implicase una hipoteca explícita o implícita
sobre las futuras resultas pe-troleras. Esa Liberadora limitaría las resultas que puedan anual-mente ser traspasadas al Es-tado, al no exceder el monto menor del 15% de las expor-taciones nacionales, del 4% del PIB, o del 25% que reci-be el Estado de los ciudada-nos directamente por concep-to de pago de impuestos... lo último para evitar las dudas sobre quién es el verdadero soberano. Esa Liberadora determinaría que cualquier repartición adicional de resultas solo podría ocurrir mediante su entrega directa en partes i-guales a los ciudadanos, los verdaderos sembradores del petróleo. Esa Liberadora nos tranquili-zaría al determinar que el agrandar el futuro de nuestro país estará siempre en manos de nuestros hijos y nietos, sin necesidad de angustiarnos por la posibilidad de verlo desangrar en peleas sobre qué tribu habrá de imponer su cacique a los demás. Solo esa Liberadora podrá garantizar que el interés de los ciudadanos en defender la Constitución supere el inte-rés de sus gobernantes en violarla. [email protected] http://radicaldelmedio.blogspot.com http://www.petropolitan.blogspot.com
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL UNIVERSAL • NACIONAL Y POLÍTICA • 7/7/2011
Estudiantes visitan a Afiuni y exigen su libertad plena
Llegaron desde los estados Táchira, Mérida, Sucre y Zulia. Se apostaron frente al edifi-cio donde reside María Lourdes Afiuni para entregar un documento de solidaridad y exi-gir su libertad. ALICIA DE LA ROSA
Ayer fue un día movido para la jueza María Lourdes Afiu-ni. Comenzó en la madruga-da cuando efectivos de la GuarDia Nacional Bolivari-ana (GNB), le notificaron su traslado al Palacio de Justicia para comenzar el juicio que se lleva en su contra. Luego, recibió la visita de un grupo de estudiantes del interior del país para solidarizarse con su causa y al final de la tarde, la decisión del juez, Alí Fabri-cio Paredes: prohibido tomar el sol en el jardín de su resi-dencia. Los efectivos llega-ron a la 5:30 a.m. para reali-zar el traslado pero Afiuni se negó, reiterando su posición de no acceder a un juicio mientras Paredes sea el juez de la causa.
Su hermano Nelson Afiuni explicó que la magistrada se plantó frente a los efectivos e invocó el artículo 350 de la Constitución que establece la desobediencia civil.
A las 6:00 a.m., a través de la red social Twitter, Afiuni notificaba: "Funcionarios de la GN respetando mi volun-tad y apegados a la Consti-tución Nacional, y previo levantamiento de acta, no
realizó traslado a Palacio de Justicia".
Estudiantes se solidarizan
Un grupo de estudiantes de los estados Táchira, Mérida, Sucre y Zulia se apostó fren-te al edificio donde reside Afiuni para entregar un do-cumento de solidaridad y exigir su libertad.
La dirigente estudiantil, Gaby Arellano, leyó el do-cumento donde expresa que Afiuni representa para la juventud la justicia y la va-lentía. Exigen al Gobierno que "respete los derechos humanos de una mujer que ha sido privada de libertad sólo por cumplir con la Ley".
Al final de la tarde, la defen-sa informó a la redacción que Paredes prohibió la salida de Afiuni al jardín de su casa todos los días por una hora para recibir sol y mejorar su salud.
Carta al Presidente
José Amalio Graterol, abo-gado defensor de Afiuni, dirigió una carta pública al presidente Hugo Chávez so-licitándole que manifieste ante los jueces del país su falta de interés en este caso, a
fin de que se pueda verificar una verdadera justicia.
"Presidente, le pido que tome en cuenta la situación de mi defendida y haga saber a los jueces, que usted no tiene interés en la causa que se sigue contra María Lourdes Afiuni, solo así se podrá sos-tener en Venezuela la justici-a", dice la misiva enviada ayer a El Universal.
En la carta, Graterol le recu-erda a Chávez que la salud de Afiuni está deteriorada y que hasta ahora no se ha logrado obtener la autorización de un tribunal para que la jueza reciba una atención médica completa.
"De todos es conocida la desigual batalla que la defen-sa de Afiuni ha dado con el objeto de lograr desde hace más de 8 meses que se le practiquen exámenes médi-cos, debido a dolencias per-sonales. A pesar de ello, to-davía al día de hoy el juez que conoce la causa y que afirma ser leal incondicio-nalmente a su persona, le ha negado la necesaria atención médica, otorgándole parci-almente la posibilidad de recibir asistencia profesio-nal", dice el documento.
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"Espero señor Presidente que estas notas que le envío sir-van para que los jueces que se limitan a complacer sus
deseos, y olvidan el fin su-premo de la justicia entien-dan que por encima de todo continuamente vivimos dra-
mas humanos y que la inten-sidad de nuestra vida está en amar lo libre en el ser huma-no".
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL UNIVERSAL • NACIONAL Y POLÍTICA • 7/7/2011
Tribunalicios exigen al TSJ que les mejore sus ingresos también
Transparencia critica que magistrados se den cestatickets por Bs 10 mil al mes JUAN FRANCISCO A-LONSO
La decisión de la directiva del Tribunal Supremo de Justicia, de otorgarle a los 32 magistrados una tarjeta de alimentación de 10 mil bolí-vares mensuales, no sentó bien ni entre los jueces ni entre los trabajadores tribu-nalicios. ¿La razón? Los primeros no han recibido ningún incremento en cinco años y los segundos esperan desde hace semanas que el organismo les informe si les aumentará sus ingresos, se-gún lo estipulado en el decre-to presidencial, que en mayo pasado ajustó el tabulador de la administración pública en 45% en promedio. "Mientras que a nosotros, quienes tra-bajamos en los distintos juz-gados, no nos mejoren nues-tras condiciones socioeco-nómicas rechazamos cual-quier mejoría para quienes laboran en el TSJ, pues ellos ya tienen unas condiciones muy favorables", afirmó Ed-gar Romero, secretario del Sindicato Nacional de Traba-jadores Tribunalicios (Sin-trat), quien recordó que des-de hace más de cuatro años
las discusiones relacionadas con la nueva contratación colectiva del Poder Judicial están paralizadas y que en ese tiempo los más de 30 mil empleados activos y 8 mil jubilados han recibido úni-camente un aumento de 10% en sus ingresos.
La molestia de los alguaciles, abogados asistentes y secre-tarios es compartida también por los jueces, dos de los cuales fustigaron la decisión del máximo juzgado. "Nues-tros salarios son los mismos desde el año 2006. ¿Cuándo será el día que el TSJ se acu-erde de nosotros?", dijo uno, mientras que la otra señaló: "Esto es una burla. No a-guantaron ni seis meses el recorte que les impuso la Ley de Emolumentos, pero noso-tros sí debemos soportar años con los salarios congelados".
Piden resolver las demandas
La directora de Transparen-cia Venezuela, Mercedes de Freitas, quien en reiteradas ocasiones criticó la legalidad y la conveniencia de aprobar la Ley de Emolumentos, la cual fijó en 12 salarios mí-
nimos los ingresos mensuales de las máximas autoridades del Estado, se sumó al coro de voces que cuestionaron la resolución de la directiva del TSJ de otorgarle una especie de "cestaticket" a sus respon-sables.
"Los magistrados antes de aprobarse unos dineros adi-cionales, por cualquier vía, han debido responder las demandas que han recibido en estos meses contra la Ley. Si la decisión del TSJ es le-gal ellos no pueden estarse dándose recursos adicionales, pero si se dan recursos es porque reconocen que esa ley no es legal y que ellos mis-mos tienen problemas para cumplirla", afirmó, al tiempo que dijo: "Ese dinero debería usarse para mejorar la gesti-ón de los tribunales y del propio TSJ. Hay muchas carencias en el Poder Judi-cial, los alguaciles, por e-jemplo, no tienen medios para entregar las boletas de citación o para trasladar a los imputados dentro de los tri-bunales".
En el Supremo replican
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En el máximo juzgado de-fendieron la legalidad de la tarjeta de alimentación que recibieron los 32 magistra-dos. "Este beneficio no se trata propiamente de un bono por alimentación, aunque esa sea la aplicación práctica. Asimismo tampoco se otorgó en base a la Ley de Alimen-tación de los Trabajadores ni, sino de la propia Ley de E-molumentos", aseveró uno de los beneficiarios de la medi-da, quien apeló al último
aparte del artículo 4 del tex-to.
La norma antes citada esta-blece: "Quedan exentas de las disposiciones de este artí-culo (el cual dice que los emolumentos son los suel-dos, bonos, dietas o primas) las asignaciones que perciben los sujetos regulados por esta Ley (altos funcionarios del Estado) para el cumplimiento de las funciones inherentes al
cargo en el ámbito nacional e internacional".
Ayer el pleno del TSJ sostu-vo su tradicional reunión, pero las fuentes consultadas aseguraron que ninguno de los magistrados planteó la necesidad de discutir la po-lémica generada por esta asignación ni tampoco se habló del posible incremento salarial a los trabajadores tribunalicios.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL PAIS (ES) • ESPAÑA • 7/7/2011
Garzón, elegido miembro del Comité Europeo contra la Tortura J. M. LÁZARO
El Comité de Ministros del Consejo de Europa ha elegi-do al magistrado Baltasar Garzón nuevo miembro español del Comité para la Prevención de la Tortura y los Tratos Inhumanos o De-gradantes (CPT).
El CPT está integrado por expertos independientes en-cargados de supervisar las condiciones de detención en los 47 países miembros del Consejo de Europa mediante visitas e informes periódicos. Los miembros del CPT actú-an a título individual, no en representación de los Estados de los que son originarios.
Desde su suspensión de fun-ciones por el Supremo, Gar-zón ha sido designado asesor de la Fiscalía del Tribunal Penal Internacional, y del Gobierno colombiano dentro de la misión que la OEA tie-ne
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE ECONOMIST (LO) • THE AMERICAS • 7/7/2011 • 07:49:11
Politics in Venezuela: The Bolivarian patient
Venezuela’s president returns, but his illness raises many questions about the country’s political future HUGO CHÁVEZ does resur-rection rather well. On June 30th, haggard and grim-faced, Venezuela’s president admitted in a 15-minute vi-deo recorded in Cuba that he
was receiving treatment after the removal of a cancerous tumour. Although he claimed to be recovering well, his language belied the optimis-tic message. He spoke of
having faced an “abyss” and of the “steep path” back to health. During the 24 days he spent in a Havana hospital, no medical bulletins were issued, despite the fact that
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he spent hours under anaes-thesia and four days in inten-sive care. No interim presi-dent was sworn in.
The lack of information on his condition led many, both friend and foe, to assume the worst. But in the early hours of July 4th a much more che-erful Mr Chávez arrived back unexpectedly in Venezuela. Pronouncing himself, via Twitter, “at home and very happy”, he summoned his followers to greet him at the presidential palace later in the day.
Twice before in the past two decades the former army officer has been out for the count. In 1992 he was jailed after leading a failed coup attempt against an elected government. Ten years later he was briefly ousted from power, only to return in tri-umph less than two days la-ter. He invoked both these memories in his video mes-sage from Cuba, suggesting that once again he would overcome adversity.
He badly wanted to return before July 5th, the 200th anniversary of Venezuela’s declaration of independence. For Mr Chávez, who venera-tes Simón Bolívar, an inde-pendence hero, the date holds an almost mystical signifi-cance. “I couldn’t fail to show up at the bicentennial celebration,” he said from the palace balcony. But he ad-ded: “Let no one believe that my presence here means we have won the battle” against cancer. Rather than presiding in person, he appeared at the
independence-day celebrati-on via video link.
Mr Chávez may well make a full recovery. Nevertheless, the events of the past mon-th—and above all the secrecy surrounding them—raise doubts as to whether he will be fit enough to campaign for another term in a presidential election due in December 2012 (in 2009 he won a refe-rendum abolishing term li-mits). That has heated up an incipient battle for the suc-cession.
Diosdado Cabello, a former vice-president who as an army officer took part in the 1992 coup attempt, leads a powerful faction on the right of Mr Chávez’s United Soci-alist Party of Venezuela (PSUV). His rivals include Nicolás Maduro, the foreign minister, and Elías Jaua, the vice-president and former student radical who has been part of the inner circle for much of Mr Chávez’s 12 years in power. The presi-dent’s elder brother, Adán, governor of their home state of Barinas, is another poten-tial contender. He bid for attention while the president was in hospital, by saying that force, not just elections, might legitimately be used to retain power. Adán, along with Hugo’s daughters, ap-peared on the palace balcony when the president returned, as ministers were forced to watch from below. A cabinet reshuffle is in the works, according to Mr Jaua.
While the president conva-lesces, he will need to de-
monstrate that he still has fire in his belly, or ambitious PSUV faction leaders may well openly start to conspire against one another. A for-mer PSUV leader, the late General Alberto Müller Ro-jas, once described the party as a “nest of scorpions”. It would be characteristic of Mr Chávez if he now unleashed some radical measures, such as a new wave of expropria-tions of private companies. Cuba’s Fidel Castro, Mr Chávez’s mentor and ally, wrote this month that the foes of Venezuela’s president face “surprises”. But Mr Chávez’s ailment has also been a nasty surprise for Cu-ba, which relies on him for cheap oil (see article).
Even before his illness, Mr Chávez faced a battle in next year’s election. The economy is only just emerging from a two-year recession. Together with inflation, crime and collapsing public services, that has sapped his support. Polls still give him an appro-val rating of close to 50%. Fully fit, Mr Chávez is a formidable campaigner. But without him, the “Bolivarian revolution” looks doomed. “Without Chávez, there’s no revolution nor anything re-sembling one,” Mr Cabello said in March.
Venezuela’s opposition, too, must adapt to these uncerta-inties. Gathered in the De-mocratic Unity coalition, it plans to select a presidential candidate in a primary in February. But if Mr Chávez is unable to contest the elec-tion, and especially if the
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PSUV were then to split, some opposition leaders mi-ght be tempted to go it alone. There have been calls to bring forward the date of the primary, but they have so far been rejected. The opposition has stressed that the Consti-tution must be respected; it called, without success, for
Mr Jaua to take the reins temporarily.
Over the past 12 years Mr Chávez has concentrated power in his own hands. O-ther nominally autonomous institutions, such as the legis-lature and the courts, are led by acolytes, as is the army and the state oil company,
PDVSA. Saying that he wan-ted to rule until 2031, the president has been careful not to designate a successor. He has made sure that he is the only arbiter. If he can no longer play that role, turbu-lent times lie ahead.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE ECONOMIST (LO) • THE AMERICAS • 7/7/2011 • 07:49:11
Security in Colombia: Never-ending AS DEFENCE minister for almost three years under Pre-sident Álvaro Uribe, Juan Manuel Santos led the crack-down on the guerrillas of the FARC. Their numbers fell from around 18,000 in 2002 to 8,000, and they were dri-ven from areas in central Colombia that they had held for decades. Soon after Mr Santos took over as president last August, the security for-ces killed the FARC’s top military commander, Jorge Briceño (nom de guerre,“el Mono Jojoy”) in a ground and air operation that destro-yed his headquarters. Now there are some worr-ying signs that the FARC is bouncing back. Those who remain in the outfit are the radicalised hard-core, accor-ding to Rafael Guarín, the deputy defence minister. They are concentrating on attacking security forces u-sing landmines and hit-and-run snipers. Last month the FARC kidnapped four Chi-nese oil workers and ambu-shed an army unit guarding a
bridge in Caquetá depart-ment, killing two civilians. On June 29th the guerrillas erected a roadblock on the main road between Medellín and the Caribbean coast. When police arrived, they detonated a bomb, killing a police chief. According to Mr Santos, these attacks are a response to pressure from the state. On July 3rd the government said that Alfonso Cano, the FARC’s commander in chief, had narrowly escaped a raid on his camp three days earli-er, for the third time in recent years. But the ELN, a smaller and often underestimated guerrilla group with around 2,000 members, is also sta-ging a modest comeback. It has ended an internecine war with the FARC and increased its involvement in the drug trade. Last month it placed a car bomb in Cauca, killing one person; it killed three soldiers in a clash in Norte de Santander; and it is alleged to have massacred eight civili-ans in Nariño.
The uptick in guerrilla vio-lence has been paralleled by a rise in activity by former paramilitary groups, recycled as criminal bands. They are behind recent attacks on hu-man-rights activists and so-me massacres of villagers. Kidnapping is up 16% in 2011, and Mr Santos himself says he does not believe the low official figure for extor-tion “because of what I hear and perceive.” These attacks come as the army’s morale is being un-dermined by several judg-ments by Colombia’s courts, some of them questionable. One ordered the government to pay almost $1m to three conscripts who were woun-ded in a FARC attack on an army base in 1996, in which 31 soldiers were killed and 60 captured. The court ruled that the state had failed to prepare the soldiers properly or to protect them. The Su-preme Court determined that information found on computer hard drives in a raid on a FARC camp just
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over the border in Ecuador in 2008 was not admissible, barring the prosecution of several politicians for alleged ties to the guerrillas. Last month an Ecuadorean judge charged five Colombian ge-nerals over the raid. Colom-bia does not recognise Ecua-dorean jurisdiction in the case. Critics of Mr Santos, who increasingly include Mr Uri-
be, say the government has let down its guard on secu-rity. “Not true,” says the pre-sident, citing the capture of more than 10,000 criminal suspects since he took office. Colombia remains much sa-fer than it was a decade ago, and the murder rate continues to decline. Foreign invest-ment is pouring in. But Mr Santos has acknowledged that Colombians feel less
safe than they are in reality. Although 76% of respon-dents in poll last month by Invamer-Gallup approved of the president’s performance, 62% disapproved of his han-dling of security. That in itself is a small victory for the FARC—and a reverse for Mr Santos.
Matérias do dia 08/07/2011
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • FRANKSURTER ALLGEMEINE (BL) • POLITIK • 8/7/2011 • 17:30:00
Kommentar: Im Schutz des Staates Dass eine reichliche absolute Mehrheit des Bundestages die Zulassung der PID besc-hlossen hat, leitet eine weitergehende Änderung der deutschen Rechtsordnung ein. Nicht nur das Gendiagnostikgesetz passt nicht mehr - sondern auch die geltende Abtreibungs-regelung.
Von Georg Paul Hefty
Wie nirgends sonst kommt bei ethischen Grundsatzfra-gen der Bundestag an die Grenzen seiner Möglichkeiten. Zum einen sind die Abgeordneten dank dem Grundgesetz allein ihrem Gewissen verpflichtet und in diesen Sonderfällen tatsächlich frei von Weisun-gen ihrer Fraktions- und Par-teiführungen. Zum andern treffen die Abgeordneten jedoch keine Entscheidung über ihr persönliches Verhal-ten, sondern sie bestimmen das künftige Verhalten des Staates. Und da wird es sch-wierig.
In der Debatte über die Zu-lassung oder das Verbot der Präimplantationsdiagnostik wurde von den Befürwortern einer Zulassung oft ins Feld geführt, es solle den Eltern bei der künstlichen Befruch-tung geholfen werden. Wäre das ein zwingendes Argu-ment, dann könnten die Ab-geordneten nie für Regelun-gen stimmen, die den Bür-gern Lasten auferlegen und Grenzen setzen.
Die SPD-Abgeordnete Na-hles hatte vielmehr Recht mit ihrem Hinweis, dass die Aufgabe des Staates es ist, das - in diesem Fall begin-nende - menschliche Leben zu schützen. Denn wen hätte das neue Leben, das von den
Eltern und den betreuenden Ärzten nicht bedingungslos akzeptiert wird, als Beschüt-zer, wenn nicht den Staat und dessen Gesetze?
Die geltende Abtreibungsre-gelung passt nicht mehr in die Systematik
Das Grundgesetz schützt die Würde des Menschen und das Recht auf Leben. Dass die befruchtete und zur PID vorgesehene Eizelle vollumfänglich menschliches Leben ist, hat niemand so glaubwürdig bestätigt, wie ausgerechnet die Befürworter der PID: ihre rhetorische Besorgnis, die Diagnostik unter Auflagen zu stellen, ergibt nur dann einen Sinn,
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wie die CDU-Abgeordnete Winkelmeier-Becker hervo-rhob, wenn der Untersu-chungsgegenstand - der an-gebliche Zellhaufen - nicht irgendeine Sache oder eine Privatangelegenheit ist.
Dass trotzdem eine reichliche absolute Mehrheit des Bun-destages die Zulassung der
PID beschlossen hat, leitet eine weitergehende Änderung der deutschen Re-chtsordnung ein. Nicht nur das noch ziemlich junge Gendiagnostikgesetz passt nicht mehr.
Auch die geltende Abtrei-bungsregelung, die ihre Re-chtfertigung aus einem lei-
blich manifesten Konflikt zwischen Embryo und Mut-ter bezog, passt nicht mehr in die Systematik. Dies ist viel schwerwiegender als die Frage, ob es künftig bei we-nigen hundert PID-Fällen bleibt. Bei der Abtreibungs-regelung geht es um eine Hunderttausender-Größenordnung.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • FRANKSURTER ALLGEMEINE (BL) • POLITIK • 7/7/2011 • 16:26:00
Sudan: In schwierigen Missionen
Wenn am Samstag der Staat Südsudan entsteht, stellt die Unmis in Khartum ihre Arbeit ein und nimmt die Unmiss in Juba ihre Arbeit auf. Nirgends gibt es mehr „Blauhelme“ als in Sudan. Präsident Baschir würde sie am liebsten alle los.
Von Andreas Ross, New York
In keinem Land der Welt sind so viele Blauhelm-Soldaten im Einsatz wie in Sudan. Zu den mehr als 10.000 Soldaten und Polizis-ten der 2005 gegründeten Mission Unmis, die das Frie-densabkommen zwischen Nord- und Südsudan über-wacht, kam 2008 die Darfur-Truppe Unamid. Sie war die Frucht zäher Verhandlungen mit der Regierung Omar al Baschirs in Khartum und wurde dadurch ein Zwitter: Hinter dem offiziellen Etikett „Hybridmission“ verbirgt sich ein Gemeinschaftswerk von Vereinten Nationen und Afrikanischer Union, in des-sen Rahmen derzeit fast 18.000 Soldaten und etwa 5000 Polizeikräfte Dienst tun (nebst mehr als 1000 aus dem Ausland entsandten Zi-vilisten).
Vor einer Woche nun hat der UN-Sicherheitsrat noch eine dritte Truppe autorisiert: 4200 Blauhelm-Soldaten sollen das kleine, eigentlich demilitarisierte Gebiet von Abyei schützen. Nord- wie Südsudan beanspruchen die ölreiche Region, in der es kürzlich zu so heftigen Kämpfen kam, dass eine Neuauflage des Bürgerkriegs nicht mehr ausgeschlossen schien. Westlichen Staaten sind die immensen Kosten der drei Missionen ein Dorn im Auge. Und trotzdem s-trebten sie einen vierten Su-dan-Einsatz an.
Dieser Einsatz soll an diesem Freitag auch mandatiert wer-den - aber dafür darf sich die erste Mission von diesem Wochenende an nur noch mit ihrer Abwicklung befassen. Denn am Samstag wird sich Südsudan für unabhängig erklären. Dann soll es eine
Resolution des Sicherheits-rats geben, die wohl den Ein-satz von bis zu 7000 Solda-ten und 1000 Polizisten in einer neuen „UN-Mission für Südsudan“ genehmigt, die manche Doppel-S-Mission nennen, weil sie wohl Un-miss heißen wird. Doch Bas-chir hat sich geweigert, für eine Übergangszeit auch no-ch die alte Unmis fortbeste-hen zu lassen.
In drei Jahren soll Unmiss die Lebensfähigkeit Südsu-dans sichergestellt haben
Er will, jenseits von Darfur und Abyei, keinen Blauhelm-Soldaten auf dem Territori-um seines geschrumpften Staates mehr dulden. Viele in den UN fürchten deshalb Schlimmes für die nördlich der neuen Grenze liegenden Provinzen Südkordofan und Blue Nile, in denen neue Kämpfe aufgeflammt sind.
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Die dort vorherrschenden Ethnien fühlen sich überwie-gend Südsudan verbunden. Schon bisher war die in ihrer Bewegungsfreiheit von Khar-tum stets eingeschränkte Unmis kaum in der Lage, wirksam gegen die Gewalt vorzugehen. Doch bald wer-den die UN in diesen Gebie-ten die Lage nicht einmal mehr gründlich beobachten können.
Der Ausgang des Referen-dums im Januar, als sich fast alle Südsudanesen für die Teilung aussprachen, konnte niemanden überraschen. Do-ch noch am Mittwoch ver-brachten die Botschafter der 15 Sicherheitsratsmitglieder in New York mehr als vier Stunden mit Verhandlungen über die Unmiss-Resolution. Auch danach blieb unklar, ob sich die federführenden A-merikaner mit ihrer Forde-rung durchsetzen würden, der neuen Truppe „alle notwen-digen Mittel“ zum Schutz der Zivilbevölkerung zu gewähren.
Gerade nach der Aufregung über den Nato-Einsatz in Libyen und das robuste Vor-gehen Frankreichs und der UN in der Elfenbeinküste lassen sich mächtige nicht-westliche Nationen nicht damit besänftigen, dass die Aufgabe der Mission eher weich formuliert werden soll: Die Unmis ist demnach zur „Erhaltung von Frieden und Sicherheit“ da, um Bedin-gungen zu schaffen, unter denen die Regierung in Juba den neuen Staat „effektiv und demokratisch“ regieren kann.
Sie soll auf Einhaltung der Menschenrechte achten.
Doch wer kontrolliert die Grenze? Die Amerikaner warnen vor unbemerkten Waffen- und Truppenbewe-gungen. Robuste Grenzkon-trollen wollen viele UN-Staaten ohne Zustimmung Nordsudans aber nicht vor-sehen. Am Mittwoch wurde eine Kompromissformel ge-funden. Demnach wird der Unmiss eine Berichtspflicht für ihre Patrouillen in den „hot spots“ des Einsatzgebi-ets auferlegt - mithin auch im Grenzstreifen. In New York kursiert die Vorstellung, dass die Unmiss nach drei Jahren die Lebensfähigkeit des neu-en Staates sichergestellt ha-ben soll. Dabei steht in dem Wüstenland noch viel weni-ger Infrastruktur zur Verfü-gung als beispielsweise 1999 im Kosovo. Immer wieder haben sich die UN selbstkri-tisch auferlegt, keine überzo-genen Erwartungen an ihre Missionen zu richten. Doch gerade in Sudan haben die UN ihre eigenen Lehren im-mer wieder in den Wind ges-chlagen.
Schon mit dem Selbstschutz überfordert
So hadern viele Mitgliedstaa-ten mit ihrem Eilbeschluss zu Abyei. Zwar hat der Siche-rheitsrat selten so rasch und so zupackend auf eine Krise reagiert. Doch das haben nicht die UN, sondern der ehemalige südafrikanische Präsident Thabo Mbeki eingefädelt, der mit Khartum und Juba verhandelte. Ein-flüsterer war dabei der
äthiopische Ministerpräsident Meles Zenawi, dessen Land sämtliche Soldaten stellt. Ein Einsatz mit nur einem Trup-pensteller, der überdies noch ein direkter Nachbar ist, wi-derspricht den Prinzipien der UN. Allen ist klar, dass die Soldaten nur deshalb formal dem UN-Kommando unters-tellt wurden, weil dann die Staatengemeinschaft die Fi-nanzierung übernehmen muss - die faktische Befehls-gewalt wird von Addis Abe-ba ausgehen.
Schon in Darfur hatten sich die UN von Khartum diktie-ren lassen, welche Nationen überhaupt zur sogenannten Friedenserhaltung beitragen durften. Mit der zwar großen, aber schlecht ausgebildeten und noch schlechter ausges-tatteten Truppe kann Baschir leben. Manche in New York sagen, die Soldaten seien trotz ihres geringen Aktions-radius schon mit dem Selbstschutz überfordert: Es fehlen Hubschrauber, es fehlt an Aufklärung. Andere be-teuern, ohne die Blauhelm-Präsenz hätte es noch viel mehr Massaker gegeben.
Der vom Internationalen S-trafgerichtshof per Haftbefe-hl „gesuchte“ Baschir hat jedenfalls reichlich Erfa-hrung, wie er mit den UN umspringen kann. „Dass wir uns jetzt auch bei der Unmis nicht durchsetzen konnten, könnte ihn zum Versuch ver-leiten, jetzt auch die Darfur-Truppe loszuwerden“, ora-kelt ein hoher UN-Mitarbeiter.
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Andere afrikanische Staats-chefs schauen genau zu. Den kongolesischen Präsidenten Kabila etwa haben die UN voriges Jahr nur mit Verren-kungen davon abgebracht, die Blauhelmsoldaten aus seinem beileibe nicht befrie-deten Land zu werfen. Die westlichen Nationen, die zwar kaum Soldaten stellen, aber die Einsätze zu mehr als neunzig Prozent bezahlen, ziehen zwar nicht gern ges-cheitert ab. Doch auch im UN-Generalsekretariat geben Diplomaten zu, dass die Kos-ten für Einsätze in Ländern wie Kongo oder Haiti arg hoch dafür seien, dass sich die Nationen offenkundig gar nicht helfen lassen wollten.
Gereizte Stimmung zwischen Geldgebern und Truppenstel-lern
Fast hätten die UN am vori-gen Freitag allen rund 120.000 Soldaten und Poli-zisten aus sämtlichen 15 UN-Friedensmissionen den Ab-zug befehlen müssen. Die
ganze Nacht hindurch ve-rhandelten die Staaten in New York über das Geld, das die Truppensteller bekom-men. Die Gruppe der 132 Entwicklungs- und Schwellenländer (G 77) folg-te in der Vollversammlung dem Ansinnen der großen Truppensteller Indien, Pakis-tan, Bangladesch sowie Bra-silien und forderten 57 Pro-zent mehr Geld. Das Gege-nangebot von Amerikanern, Japanern und Europäern be-trug 0,5 Prozent. Die Geber sind zum einen zugeknöpft, weil sie den Weg nicht nach-vollziehen können, den ihre Beiträge nehmen.
Manche Regierungen lassen es in ihren Etats versickern und schicken trotzdem schle-cht ausgebildete und unter-bezahlte Soldaten in die Einsätze. Andere haben aus Fehlern gelernt und investie-ren nun viel in die Einsatz-vorbereitung. Inder und Bra-silianer klagen besonders laut, dass jeder UN-Einsatz für sie heute ein
Verlustgeschäft bedeute. Zum anderen mussten vor allem die europäischen UN-Botschafter feststellen, dass sie von ihren unter Sparz-wang stehenden Regierungen heuer an die ganz kurze Lei-ne genommen werden. Sel-ten, so ist auf beiden Seiten zu hören, sei die Stimmung zwischen Geldgebern und Truppenstellern so gereizt gewesen.
Deshalb nahmen es die Ge-ber auch ernst, als die Entwicklungsländer drohten, ihnen ihre Finanzforderung per Mehrheitsbeschluss auf-zuzwingen. Die neue Bud-getperiode war am Freitag-morgen schon sieben Stun-den alt, als der Haushalt dank Verabredung einer Einmal-zahlung und einer Vertagung des Grundsatzstreits kurz nach Fristende doch noch im Konsens verabschiedet wur-de. Sonst hätten sämtliche Missionen ihre Arbeit sofort einstellen müssen. Am meis-ten hätte sich darüber wohl Omar al Baschir gefreut.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • FRANKSURTER ALLGEMEINE (BL) • FEUILLETON • 7/7/2011 • 19:30:35
Kritik an der DFG: Undurchsichtige Auftragsforschung
Verleger und Wissenschaftler fordern eine Neuordnung der Deutschen Forschungsgeme-inschaft. Die Institution steht in der Kritik. Gefährden ihr Gutachterwesen und undurch-sichtige Finanzströme die Wissenschaftskultur?
Kritik am Erscheinungsbild der größten forschungsfördernden Einri-chtung Deutschlands, der Deutschen Forschungsgeme-inschaft (DFG), ist zwar ni-cht neu, doch trotzdem selten
und vor allem bisher erstaun-lich folgenlos geblieben. Kri-tiker werden gern als un-dankbar oder als enttäuschte Querulanten stigmatisiert. Verleger und Wissenschaftler riefen darum jetzt auf einer
Tagung im Berliner Ensem-ble dazu auf, endlich die überfällige öffentliche Debat-te über DFG-Strukturen, das anonyme und darum nicht nachvollziehbare Gutachter-wesen, die undurchsichtigen
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Finanzströme und die Rolle des Wissenschaftsrates dabei zu beginnen.
Sie führen zur Begründung schwere Versäumnisse an und kritisieren die Förderpolitik der DFG s-charf, die an einen Geheim-bund erinnere, der wenig von Kritik und Rechenschaftsbe-richten halte. Er betrachte mit Sorge die zunehmend undurchsichtige Rolle der DFG in der Wissenschaftspo-litik, die mit ihrer ursprüngli-chen Zweckbestimmung im-mer weniger zu tun habe, sagte der Heidelberger Ver-leger Georg Siebeck in Ber-lin. Er vernehme in Gesprächen mit vielen seiner Autoren und Herausgeber immer wieder ein großes Unbehagen an der DFG, do-ch wage kaum jemand, dies offen auszusprechen.
Siebeck wirft der DFG vor, sich von ihrem Hauptgeldge-ber, dem Bund, zunehmend instrumentalisieren zu lassen. Wer zum Beispiel Eliteuniversitäten aus der Taufe heben wolle, müsse diese und ähnliche Projekte zuerst politisch, also im Bundestag, diskutieren und gegebenenfalls das Grund-gesetz ändern. Denn das Grundgesetz weise die Or-ganisation von universitärer Forschung und Lehre immer noch den Ländern zu.
Transparenz gefordert
Die DFG sei zwar die größte die Wissenschaft fördernde Institution, aber eben nicht „die“ Wissenschaft. Wer wissen wolle, wie die DFG
öffentliche Mittel verteile, werde darauf verwiesen, dass sie als Verein keinerlei Of-fenlegungspflicht unterliege. Das schaffe Misstrauen. Die Macht anonymer Gutachter widerspreche zudem den Prinzipien des wissenschaf-tlichen Diskurses.
Verleger wie Georg Siebeck und Wissenschaftler halten darum „äußerste Transpa-renz“ für geboten. Auch da-rüber, wer für welche Ents-cheidung verantwortlich ist. Mit einem inzwischen daue-rhaft auf ihre Finanzierung angewiesenen neuen System von Wissenschaftsverlagen und Open-Access-Portalen grabe die DFG längst an den Fundamenten einer unabhängigen Wissenschaft, sagte der Verleger.
Demoralisierung des fors-chenden Individuums
Geradezu absurd aber sei jene von der DFG gezüchtete „Antragsforschung“, die den Erfolg eines Forschungspro-jektes daran messe, ob sein Ergebnis möglichst genau mit seinem Antrag zusam-menpasse. Die Tatsache, dass in den Gremien der DFG, der Ministerien und der Großforschungseinrichtungen immer wieder dieselben Namen auftauchten, beunru-hige viele. Nur Transparenz könne den Verdacht entkräften, so Siebeck, dort würden „sachfremde Meh-rheitsentscheidungen“ getrof-fen oder sich gar gegenseitig Pfründen zugeschoben.
Der Literaturwissenschaftler Roland Reuß - er initiierte
den „Heidelberger Appell“ - kritisierte die DFG-Praxis noch schärfer: „Die durch eklatante Unterausstattung der Universitäten unkontrol-liert wachsende und alles sich unterwerfende Macht des transföderal und opak oligarchisch agierenden Forschungsförderungsapparats ist nicht nur eine konkrete politische Gefahr, weil sie die Chance der Erforschung radikal neuer Ansätze und damit letztlich auch die Möglichkeit gesellschaftlich notwendiger Transformatio-nen minimiert. Sie demorali-siert vor allem das forschen-de Individuum, die Basis jeden wissenschaftlichen Fortschritts.“
Allianz der Einschüchterung
Reuß erinnerte daran, warum die Deutsche Forschungsge-meinschaft 1951 als einge-tragener Verein - wie der ADAC oder Schalke 04 - neu gegründet wurde: „Man zog, aus der Erfahrung der zurüc-kliegenden Jahre, eine Kons-truktion vor, die sich politis-cher Einflussnahme besser sollte entziehen können.“ Begleitet von mehr Zentra-lismus, sei daraus jedoch inzwischen ein Problem ge-worden, sagte Reuß: „Je me-hr Geld in diesen Verein ge-pumpt wurde, desto größer wurde die Versuchung der Geldgeber, den Vorzug des deutschen Vereinsrechts, interne Entscheidungen nach außen abzudichten, gegen die durchaus ehrenwerten Absi-chten der Gründer auszumanövrieren.“
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Es geht um sehr viel Geld dabei, um Summen zwischen 2,2 Milliarden und 2,7 Milli-arden Euro im Jahr, die ver-teilt und ausgegeben werden. Wofür, bleibt im Dunkeln, Ungefähren. Eine Offenle-gungspflicht dem Parlament gegenüber gibt es nicht, wie 2008 überraschend bekannt wurde, nach einem Bericht des Datenschutzbeauftragten an den Bundestag. Die Vere-insform der DFG werde da-mit zu einem „zentralen Her-rschaftsinstrument“, das über die Forschungsförderung in das Wissenschaftssystem „lenkend“ eingreife. Anders aber als etwa bei einem Ve-rein wie „Schalke 04“, wo jeder Unterstützer Mitglied werden könne und damit Einfluss habe, könnten ein-zelne Wissenschaftler dies nicht.
Noch nicht einmal der „Deutsche Hochschulver-band“, größter Zusammensc-hluss der Universitätslehrer, sei Mitglied des Gremiums, sagte Reuß. Dass die DFG als „Stimme der Forschung“ spreche, sei nur Behauptung, sie verweigere vielmehr die „Diskussion mit der wissens-chaftlichen Basis in allen zentralen Fragen“. Die in der
DFG vertretenen Wissens-chaftsinstitutionen, eklatant abhängig von der Politik, bezeichnete Reuß als „eine nach außen tretende Allianz der Einschüchterung“.
Reform des Gutachterwesen
Wie schwach sie legitimiert sei, zeige sich vor allem im Umgang der DFG mit Rück-fragen und Monita. Kritik sei nicht vorgesehen. „Man will partout gläserne Forscher, die Institution selbst indes verhängt sich wie die Kaa-ba.“ Zu fordern sei darum, dass auf der Website der DFG in jährlichen Berichten genau beziffert werde, wel-che Gelder in welche Fach-bereiche für welche Projekte ausgegeben werden, sämtliche Anträge dokumen-tiert und die Gutachten, ob zustimmend oder ablehnend, „vollständig und nicht a-nonymisiert“ einsehbar wer-den.
Des Weiteren forderte Reuß, dass dort auch die Ernennun-gen und Wahlen, die Verfle-chtung der Gremien genau erklärt werden. Kungeleien, sagte Reuß, würde so ein Riegel vorgeschoben, und Interessenkonflikten wie im Fall des Rektors der
Universität Freiburg, der sich dank seiner Mitgliedschaft in mehreren Gremien gleichsam selbst berate, um das, was er beraten habe, dann als Rich-tlinie mitzubeschließen und schließlich zu beforschen, wäre der Nährboden entzo-gen.
Die Verleger und Wissens-chaftler fordern eine grun-dlegende Reform des Guta-chterwesens und eine Neu-bestimmung der Rolle der Fachreferenten. Diese rei-chen die Förderanträge an anonyme Gutachter weiter. Jeder Fachreferent könne so „durch die Zuteilung eines Antrags an diesen oder jenen Gutachter jedes Projekt dur-ch den Vorgang schleusen oder auch scheitern lassen“. Damit der Gutachterprozess durchsichtig werde, müsse die Anonymität der Gutach-ter aufgehoben und ein Ap-pellationsweg bei abgelehn-ten Anträgen eingerichtet werden, sagte Reuß. „Wer als Wissenschaftler nicht bereit ist, mit seinem Namen zu bürgen, hat als Gutachter in einem für wissenschaftliche Projekte so wichtigen Pro-zess nichts verloren.“
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • FRANKSURTER ALLGEMEINE (BL) • POLITIK • 8/7/2011 • 16:49:20
Panzer für Saudi-Arabien?: Opposition scheitert mit Anträgen im Bun-destag Die Opposition ist mit dem Versuch gescheitert, die angebliche Genehmigung von Rüs-tungsexporten nach Saudi-Arabien zu widerrufen. Kanzlerin Merkel würdigte die „große strategische Bedeutung“ des Empfängerlandes. Auch die FDP forderte eine Stellung-nahme zu dem Geschäft - das noch nicht genehmigt ist. Bundeskanzlerin Merkel (CDU) hat die „große strate-gische Bedeutung“ Saudi-Arabiens gewürdigt. Vor dem Hintergrund anhaltender Kritik auch innerhalb der Koalition über den erwoge-nen Export von Panzern sag-te die Kanzlerin im Sender Sat 1, Riad sei ein wichtiger Partner im Kampf gegen den Terrorismus und gegen eine nukleare Bewaffnung Irans sowie im Nahost-Friedensprozess. Allerdings gebe es „erhebliche Defizite im Menschenrechtsbereich“.
Der außenpolitische Sprecher der FDP-Bundestagsfraktion Stinner rügte die Informati-onspolitik der Bundesregie-rung. Wenn eine Entschei-dung des Bundessicherheits-rats über eine Panne, welche die Regierung zu verantwor-ten habe, an die Öffentlichkeit gelange, müs-se diese auf die Diskussion reagieren, sagte Stinner der Zeitung „Rheinische Post“. „Die Kanzlerin und die betei-ligten Minister können sich dann nicht mehr schablone-nhaft hinter das Schild ,geheim‘ stellen“, fügte er an. Die Regierung hat Medien-berichte über die Lieferung von 200 Leopard-2-Kampfpanzern an Saudi-
Arabien mit Verweis auf die Geheimhaltung der Beratun-gen des Gremiums nicht bestätigt.
Gegenüber der „Mittelbaye-rischen Zeitung“ wies die Kanzlerin den Vorwurf man-gelnder Offenheit zurück: „Transparenz über gelieferte Waffen und Rüstungsgüter ist gegeben, indem dies de-tailliert jedes Jahr im Rüs-tungsexportbericht nachgele-sen werden kann, der auch dem Bundestag vorgelegt wird.“ Die Regierung leiste „selbstverständlich ihren Beitrag, um die demokratis-che Entwicklung“ in der ara-bischen Welt zusammen mit ihren Partnern weiter zu un-terstützen. Verteidigungsmi-nister de Maizière (CDU) sagte im WDR, Saudi-Arabien sei „für uns ein Stabilitätsanker in der Regi-on“, der trotz eines politis-chen Systems, das er ableh-ne, „für uns ein wichtiger Partner ist“.
„Geschäft wird nicht in den nächsten zwei, drei Jahren ablaufen“
Die Opposition scheiterte am Freitag im Bundestag mit dem Versuch, die Bundesre-gierung aufzufordern, die
angebliche Genehmigung zu widerrufen. Nach Informati-onen der F.A.Z. hat sich der Bundessicherheitsrat zwar mit der Sache beschäftigt. Der formal dafür zuständige Wirtschaftsminister hat aber noch keine Genehmigung erteilt.
Die Abgeordneten der Regie-rungsfraktionen lehnten Anträge von SPD, Grünen und Linken am Freitag ab, die angebliche Exportge-nehmigung zu widerrufen. Im Bundestag wies Stinner darauf hin, dass es auch in der schwarz-roten und der rot-grünen Regierungszeit Rüstungslieferungen nach Saudi-Arabien gegeben habe. Der SPD-Vorsitzende Gabri-el sagte dazu, man habe sich aber immer an die Devise gehalten, keine Panzer an Riad zu liefern.
Der Vorsitzende der Unions-fraktion im Bundestag, Kau-der (CDU), hatte zuvor in einem ARD-Interview ange-deutet, er rechne nicht mit einer schnellen Lieferung von Panzern an die Saudis: „Wenn das Geschäft jemals zustande käme, wird das ni-cht in den nächsten zwei, drei Jahren ablaufen“, sagte er. Im Augenblick gebe es keine
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neuen Waffenlieferungen, mit denen in der Region Kri-eg gegen die Bevölkerung geführt werden könnte. Der SPD-Abgeordnete Dieter Wiefelspütz kündigte an, sich einer geplanten Verfassungs-klage des Grünen-Politikers Ströbele womöglich anzuschließen.
In der Koalition wird unter-dessen darüber gerätselt, wer ein Interesse daran gehabt habe, Informationen aus der geheimen Sitzung des Bun-dessicherheitsrates an die Medien weiterzuleiten. Die jetzige Debatte schade der Regierung insgesamt, vor allem aber dem ohnehin an-geschlagenen Außenminister Westerwelle (FDP), der sich in seiner Arabien-Politik blamiert sehe. Noch empha-tischer als die Kanzlerin hatte Westerwelle sich mit der Demokratiebewegung in Nordafrika solidarisiert.
Verschlusssache Rüstungs-kontrolle
Gesetzliche Grundlagen der im Grundgesetz festgelegten Bestimmung, dass „zur Kri-egsführung bestimmte Waf-fen“ nur mit Genehmigung der Bundesregierung in Ver-kehr gebracht werden dürfen, sind das Kriegswaffenkon-trollgesetz (KWKG) und das Außenwirtschaftsgesetz (AWG). Die Exportgeneh-migung für Güter, die sowohl zivil als auch militärisch nutzbar sind („dual use“), obliegt nach dem AWG dem
Bundesamt für Wirtschaft und Ausfuhrkontrolle. Ge-nehmigungen für den Export von Rüstungsgütern nach dem KWKG erteilt das Bun-deswirtschaftsministerium.
Wenn sicherheitspolitische Interessen in Fällen von Rüs-tungsexporten in Staaten berührt sind, die weder der EU noch der Nato angehören, berät sich der Wirtschaftsminister entweder auf dem Wege der Ressor-tabstimmung oder aber im Bundessicherheitsrat mit dem Bundeskanzler und den maßgeblichen Ministern. Dieses geheim tagende Gre-mium gibt eine politische Linie vor; die Genehmigung selbst erteilt der Wirts-chaftsminister. Im aktuellen Fall, dem im Raum stehen-den Export von 200 Leopard-2-Kampfpanzern an Saudi-Arabien, hat sich der Bun-dessicherheitsrat mit dem Fall befasst, eine Genehmi-gung durch den Wirtschafts-minister wurde aber nach Informationen dieser Zeitung noch nicht erteilt. Die Regie-rung veröffentlich jährlich einen Rüstungsexportbericht für das abgelaufene Kalen-derjahr. Der Bundestag kann aber auch Anfragen über Genehmigungen im laufen-den Jahr stellen.
In den aus dem Jahr 2000 stammenden „Politischen Grundsätzen der Bundesregi-erung für Rüstungsexporte“ heißt es, diese würden nicht
genehmigt, wenn der „hinrei-chende Verdacht“ besteht, dass die Militärgüter zur in-ternen Repression oder zu sonstigen Menschenrechts-verletzungen missbraucht werden können. Im neuesten vorliegenden Rüstungsex-portbericht für das Jahr 2009 sind indes Lieferungen von „Gewehren“, „Bestandteilen von Maschinenpistolen“ und „Munition“ nach Saudi-Arabien aufgeführt. Liefe-rungen von Rüstungsgütern nach Riad hat es auch unter der rot-grünen und der sch-warz-roten Regierung gege-ben, im Jahr 2000 etwa „Tei-le für Waffenzielgeräte“, im Jahr 2004 unter anderem „Gewehre“ und „Munition“.
Der Bundessicherheitsrat ist ein Kabinettsausschuss und wird vom Bundeskanzler geleitet. Ständige Mitglieder sind neben diesem und dem Leiter des Bundeskanzle-ramts die Bundesminister des Äußeren, der Finanzen, des Inneren, der Justiz, der Ver-teidigung, für Wirtschaft sowie für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit. Selbst die Geschäftsordnung des Gre-miums ist als Verschlusssa-che eingestuft. So konnte der Regierungssprecher am Frei-tag die Beantwortung der Frage verweigern, ob die Kanzlerin das Recht habe, die Geheimhaltung in Einzelfällen aufzuheben. (sat.)
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • FRANKSURTER ALLGEMEINE (BL) • POLITIK • 8/7/2011 • 16:49:20
Rüstungsgeschäft: Merkel nennt Saudi-Arabien „wichtigen Partner“ Bundeskanzlerin Merkel (CDU) hat die „große strate-gische Bedeutung“ Saudi-Arabiens gewürdigt. Vor dem Hintergrund anhaltender Kritik auch innerhalb der Koalition über den erwoge-nen Export von Panzern sag-te die Kanzlerin im Sender Sat 1, Riad sei ein wichtiger Partner im Kampf gegen den Terrorismus und gegen eine nukleare Bewaffnung Irans sowie im Nahost-Friedensprozess. Allerdings gebe es „erhebliche Defizite im Menschenrechtsbereich“. Der außenpolitische Sprecher der FDP-Bundestagsfraktion Stinner rügte die Informati-onspolitik der Bundesregie-rung. Wenn eine Entschei-dung des Bundessicherheits-rats über eine Panne, welche die Regierung zu verantwor-ten habe, an die Öffentlichkeit gelange, müs-se diese auf die Diskussion reagieren, sagte Stinner der Zeitung „Rheinische Post“. „Die Kanzlerin und die betei-ligten Minister können sich dann nicht mehr schablone-nhaft hinter das Schild ,geheim‘ stellen“, fügte er an. Die Regierung hat Medien-berichte über die Lieferung von 200 Leopard-2-Kampfpanzern an Saudi-Arabien mit Verweis auf die Geheimhaltung der Beratun-gen des Gremiums nicht bestätigt. Gegenüber der „Mittelbaye-rischen Zeitung“ wies die
Kanzlerin den Vorwurf man-gelnder Offenheit zurück: „Transparenz über gelieferte Waffen und Rüstungsgüter ist gegeben, indem dies de-tailliert jedes Jahr im Rüs-tungsexportbericht nachgele-sen werden kann, der auch dem Bundestag vorgelegt wird.“ Die Regierung leiste „selbstverständlich ihren Beitrag, um die demokratis-che Entwicklung“ in der ara-bischen Welt zusammen mit ihren Partnern weiter zu un-terstützen. Verteidigungsmi-nister de Maizière (CDU) sagte im WDR, Saudi-Arabien sei „für uns ein Stabilitätsanker in der Regi-on“, der trotz eines politis-chen Systems, das er ableh-ne, „für uns ein wichtiger Partner ist“. Die Opposition scheiterte am Freitag im Bundestag mit dem Versuch, die Bundesre-gierung aufzufordern, die angebliche Genehmigung zu widerrufen. Nach Informati-onen der F.A.Z. hat sich der Bundessicherheitsrat zwar mit der Sache beschäftigt. Der formal dafür zuständige Wirtschaftsminister hat aber noch keine Genehmigung erteilt. Die Abgeordneten der Regie-rungsfraktionen lehnten Anträge von SPD, Grünen und Linken am Freitag ab, die angebliche Exportge-nehmigung zu widerrufen. Im Bundestag wies Stinner darauf hin, dass es auch in
der schwarz-roten und der rot-grünen Regierungszeit Rüstungslieferungen nach Saudi-Arabien gegeben habe. Der SPD-Vorsitzende Gabri-el sagte dazu, man habe sich aber immer an die Devise gehalten, keine Panzer an Riad zu liefern. Der Vorsitzende der Unions-fraktion im Bundestag, Kau-der (CDU), hatte zuvor in einem ARD-Interview ange-deutet, er rechne nicht mit einer schnellen Lieferung von Panzern an die Saudis: „Wenn das Geschäft jemals zustande käme, wird das ni-cht in den nächsten zwei, drei Jahren ablaufen“, sagte er. Im Augenblick gebe es keine neuen Waffenlieferungen, mit denen in der Region Kri-eg gegen die Bevölkerung geführt werden könnte. Der SPD-Abgeordnete Dieter Wiefelspütz kündigte an, sich einer geplanten Verfassungs-klage des Grünen-Politikers Ströbele womöglich anzuschließen. In der Koalition wird unter-dessen darüber gerätselt, wer ein Interesse daran gehabt habe, Informationen aus der geheimen Sitzung des Bun-dessicherheitsrates an die Medien weiterzuleiten. Die jetzige Debatte schade der Regierung insgesamt, vor allem aber dem ohnehin an-geschlagenen Außenminister Westerwelle (FDP), der sich in seiner Arabien-Politik blamiert sehe. Noch empha-
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tischer als die Kanzlerin hatte Westerwelle sich mit der Demokratiebewegung in Nordafrika solidarisiert. Verschlusssache Rüstungs-kontrolle Gesetzliche Grundlagen der im Grundgesetz festgelegten Bestimmung, dass „zur Kri-egsführung bestimmte Waf-fen“ nur mit Genehmigung der Bundesregierung in Ver-kehr gebracht werden dürfen, sind das Kriegswaffenkon-trollgesetz (KWKG) und das Außenwirtschaftsgesetz (AWG). Die Exportgeneh-migung für Güter, die sowohl zivil als auch militärisch nutzbar sind („dual use“), obliegt nach dem AWG dem Bundesamt für Wirtschaft und Ausfuhrkontrolle. Ge-nehmigungen für den Export von Rüstungsgütern nach dem KWKG erteilt das Bun-deswirtschaftsministerium. Wenn sicherheitspolitische Interessen in Fällen von Rüs-tungsexporten in Staaten berührt sind, die weder der EU noch der Nato angehören, berät sich der Wirtschaftsminister entweder auf dem Wege der Ressor-tabstimmung oder aber im Bundessicherheitsrat mit dem
Bundeskanzler und den maßgeblichen Ministern. Dieses geheim tagende Gre-mium gibt eine politische Linie vor; die Genehmigung selbst erteilt der Wirts-chaftsminister. Im aktuellen Fall, dem im Raum stehen-den Export von 200 Leopard-2-Kampfpanzern an Saudi-Arabien, hat sich der Bun-dessicherheitsrat mit dem Fall befasst, eine Genehmi-gung durch den Wirtschafts-minister wurde aber nach Informationen dieser Zeitung noch nicht erteilt. Die Regie-rung veröffentlich jährlich einen Rüstungsexportbericht für das abgelaufene Kalen-derjahr. Der Bundestag kann aber auch Anfragen über Genehmigungen im laufen-den Jahr stellen. In den aus dem Jahr 2000 stammenden „Politischen Grundsätzen der Bundesregi-erung für Rüstungsexporte“ heißt es, diese würden nicht genehmigt, wenn der „hinrei-chende Verdacht“ besteht, dass die Militärgüter zur in-ternen Repression oder zu sonstigen Menschenrechts-verletzungen missbraucht werden können. Im neuesten vorliegenden Rüstungsex-
portbericht für das Jahr 2009 sind indes Lieferungen von „Gewehren“, „Bestandteilen von Maschinenpistolen“ und „Munition“ nach Saudi-Arabien aufgeführt. Liefe-rungen von Rüstungsgütern nach Riad hat es auch unter der rot-grünen und der sch-warz-roten Regierung gege-ben, im Jahr 2000 etwa „Tei-le für Waffenzielgeräte“, im Jahr 2004 unter anderem „Gewehre“ und „Munition“. Der Bundessicherheitsrat ist ein Kabinettsausschuss und wird vom Bundeskanzler geleitet. Ständige Mitglieder sind neben diesem und dem Leiter des Bundeskanzle-ramts die Bundesminister des Äußeren, der Finanzen, des Inneren, der Justiz, der Ver-teidigung, für Wirtschaft sowie für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit. Selbst die Geschäftsordnung des Gre-miums ist als Verschlusssa-che eingestuft. So konnte der Regierungssprecher am Frei-tag die Beantwortung der Frage verweigern, ob die Kanzlerin das Recht habe, die Geheimhaltung in Einzelfällen aufzuheben. (sat.)
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE GUARDIAN (LO) • NEWS • 8/7/2011
Racist stop-and-search powers to be challenged
Court gives woman go-ahead to take controversial section 60 to task over allegations it discriminates against black people Vikram Dodd
The high court has agreed that a full legal challenge can
be brought against a police stop-and-search power alle-ged to be used in a racist way
against African-Caribbean people.
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The challenge follows offi-cers stopping and searching a 37-year-old woman with no convictions, after they clai-med she was holding onto her bag in a suspicious way.
The woman, Ann Roberts, ended up being held down by officers on the floor in front of other people, handcuffed and taken to a police station where she was wrongly accu-sed of being a class A drug user and placed on a treat-ment programme under the threat of arrest if she failed to attend.
Roberts was stopped under section 60 of the 1994 Cri-minal Justice and Public Or-der Act, brought in to tackle illegal raves. The power al-lows police to stop and sear-ch people without having a reasonable suspicion they are involved in criminality.
Roberts, a special needs as-sistant, argued that a dispro-portionate number of black Londoners are searched in violation of article 14 of the European convention on human rights, which bans discrimination.
Her lawyers say statistical evidence implies that a black person is more than nine ti-mes more likely to be sear-
ched than a white person. They go on say section 60 is "incompatible" with three articles of the convention: 14, 5, which protects the ri-ght to liberty and security, and 8, which protects the right to private and family life.
Police say section 60 is a valuable tool which has been used to tackle areas plagued by violence.
On 9 September 2010 Ro-berts was on a bus when an inspector found she had in-sufficient money for her journey on her prepaid Oys-ter card.
Police were called when she could not produce identity documents.
According to her lawyers, she was searched under sec-tion 60 after a police officer took the view she was hol-ding on to her bag in a man-ner that suggested she had something to hide.
She was told the area she was in was a "hotspot" for gang violence and the possession of knives. Few, if any, acts of gang violence are committed by married women in their mid 30s.
Roberts asked to be searched in a police station rather than in public in case it was seen by young people with whom she worked.
Police refused and when they tried to seize her handbag a struggle followed which led to officers restraining her on the floor.
Three bank cards with diffe-rent identities were found in her bag. She explained they were in her name, her maiden name – having recently mar-ried – and her son s name.
She was told she was being arrested on suspicion of fraud and taken to Tottenham poli-ce station.
She was subjected to a drugs test which she was told sho-wed small amounts of crack cocaine, but a later test sho-wed she was clear.
After being put in a cell, she was interviewed and told she was no longer suspected of fraud but was being detained on suspicion that she had obstructed a police search.
Later a caution was adminis-tered for obstruction.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE GUARDIAN (LO) • NEWS • 8/7/2011
LettersPalestinians launch campaign to embargo arms sales to Israel Today marks seven years since the international Court
of Justice ruling that the apartheid wall being built by
Israel in the occupied West Bank is illegal and should be
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torn down. Yet the wall con-tinues to be built, cutting children off from schools, farmers from their land and families from each other, devastating virtually every aspect of Palestinian life. A military embargo of Israel is long overdue. Today, Palestinian civil soci-ety and its supporters world-wide are launching a global campaign for a comprehensi-
ve, military embargo against Israel, similar to that impo-sed against apartheid-era South Africa. The UK go-vernment continues to sell millions of pounds of arms to Israel in violation of its own arms export policy. In 2010, the UK government appro-ved licences for arms exports to Israel worth £23.7m. The government also buys military equipment from Is-
rael which is "battle-tested" against Palestinians living in the occupied territories. By selling arms to Israel the UK is giving direct material sup-port for Israel s aggression and sending a clear message of approval for its actions. A complete arms embargo bet-ween the UK and Israel must be implemented immedia-tely.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE GUARDIAN (LO) • COMMENT IS FREE • 8/7/2011
US collusion in the Gaza blockade is an affront to human rights
My daughter s death shows the cruelty of an America that won t protect its own and is complicit in harming Palestinian civilians• Stephen Pollard: This time Israel got it right Cindy Corrie
When Greek authorities pre-vented the US ship the Au-dacity of Hope leaving its port in Athens this week, they dealt a blow to a group of brave and principled Ame-ricans who were trying to carry thousands of letters from US citizens to those who wait on Gaza s shores.
I know many of the people who were on this boat, and my family s letter was part of their cargo. In 2003 my dau-ghter Rachel Corrie made her journey to Gaza and was run down and killed by a US-made Israeli military Cater-pillar D-9 bulldozer. She was trying to protect a Gazan family and their home, one of thousands illegally destroyed in Israeli military clearing operations.
Now my family is on a paral-lel journey with those acti-vists as we return this week to Israeli court to confront Colonel Pinhas Zuaretz, the commanding officer of the Gaza Division s Southern Brigade in 2003. His testi-mony should shed light not only on actions of troops responsible for Rachel s kil-ling but also on the Israeli military s broad failures as an occupying power to protect civilian life and property.
This week s flotilla was tra-velling to Gaza, as Rachel did, to stand with Palestini-ans against oppression and illegal occupation and for a just, enduring peace.
Some liken the action to tho-se of "freedom riders" who 50 years ago journeyed bra-vely to the American south to
oppose racist laws that kept blacks and whites from sit-ting together on buses. The flotilla participants are pursu-ing Israeli and US policy that provides access and egress for Gazans commensurate with what other peoples en-joy in their homelands. They demand freedoms for Gazans that we in the US celebrate for ourselves but are compli-cit in denying to Palestinians.
A senior administration offi-cial in 2010 told our family that the blockade of Gaza was a "failed policy". He emphasised that the attack on the first flotilla that claimed nine lives (including a US citizen) was tragic, but had created movement for lesse-ning restrictions for Gaza.
Some members of Congress have declared the "impri-
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sonment" of Gazans a greater threat to Israeli security than rockets from Gaza. Neverthe-less, a year after the Israeli commando attack on the Ma-vi Marmara, the US has been unwilling or unable to influ-ence Israel to make many of the changes still needed.
In 2003 Israeli prime minis-ter Ariel Sharon promised President Bush a "thorough, credible, and transparent" investigation into my daugh-ter s killing. The US go-vernment s position continu-es to be that the promise has gone unfulfilled. In 2008 the Department of State wrote: "We have consistently re-quested that the government of Israel conduct a full and transparent investigation into Rachel s death. Our requests have gone unanswered or ignored."
After eight years, our family remains engaged in prolon-ged court proceedings see-king accountability that the US government has been unable to secure – though it has no difficulty sending Israel $3bn annually in wea-pons that do the damage.
The US government has fai-led repeatedly to obtain ac-countability for its own citi-zens and Palestinian civilians harmed by Israel. Now, it is an accomplice in manipula-ting policing of the Mediter-ranean and maintaining Israel s naval blockade of Gaza. It has thwarted and threatened citizens acting in the nonvio-lent tradition of our most revered champions of hu-man rights. Much of the world is watching, disgusted with US abandonment of its own and with its collusion in the imprisonment of the peo-ple of Gaza.
Gaza flotillas reflect the wor-ld s embrace of the Palestini-an cry for freedom – and most immediately their cry for an end to the blockade and siege of Gaza. Israel and the US may slow or stop the boats, but in doing so, will only find themselves increa-singly isolated. Civil society is acting and will continue to until the US government and others catch up. Only when we apply to Israel/Palestine a framework of international law, human rights, and a belief in freedom and equa-lity for every human being, is
there realistic hope for a sus-tainable resolution and peace.
During the course of our lawsuit those not on the wit-ness stand often figure most in my thinking. Palestinian and Jewish Israelis have sup-ported our family s needs for legal assistance, housing, translation, medical care and companionship. I treasure memorable conversations over meals in homes and Haifa neighbourhood cafes, and the friends who come to be with us at court. Whatever the eventual judgment from the legal system, Israeli sup-porters have made clear that what happened to Rachel, and to many others in this poisonous conflict, should not have occurred and should not continue.
Rachel did the right thing going to Gaza – taking all of us with her. Her example is best served by supporting those who journey there in the same brave spirit, acting upon values articulated in our own Declaration of Indepen-dence, rather than circum-venting them as our govern-ment seems bound to do.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE GUARDIAN (LO) • COMMENT IS FREE • 8/7/2011
The right wants to set the clock back on abortion and gay rights. I say: hands off
Why is allowing people control over their own sexuality something that so many conser-vatives do not like? Suzanne Moore
With David Cameron s pati-na of social liberalism shi-ning brightly even in the most improbable of circums-tances, it is easy to forget we are in the midst of a deeply illiberal era. Yes, I know the "country has gone to the dogs" schtick. I hear them barking. The Tory party has been hijacked by wet, drippy types and real Tories want their party back. Still, below the radar all kinds of deeply reactionary proposals are being ushered through this parliament.
America s much-vaunted culture wars never materiali-zed here, as we lack the C-hristian right of the US, but we do have our own home-grown evangelicals. These people are quite desperate to set the clock back on every-thing from abortion to gay rights. These may be quite separate issues, but somehow both are threats to the nuclear family. Why is allowing pe-ople control over their own sexuality something that so many conservatives do not like? These are the same pe-ople who bemoan the nanny state, but would stop women deciding when they want to reproduce. The conservative party at prayer (the CofE) –
though Rowan Williams ap-pears now on its provisional wing – is still getting its knickers in a twist over gay marriage. Meanwhile, earth-shatteringly, Brian Sewell, the world s poshest man, has watched Coronation Street and is appalled at its rampant homosexuality, asking if Manchester is now the "So-dom of the north". I do hope so, as I am going there for this year s Tory party confe-rence.
This assault on gay rights and abortion rights is part of the obsession with the unar-guable but abstract concept of the "traditional family". Politicians pay lip service to the fact that families come in all varieties, but then spend inordinate amounts of time trying to engineer us into the nuclear fantasy. This societal ideal requires an enormous amount of buttressing, but there you are.
Why people doing what they like privately is so deeply undermining to "the family" is a mystery to me. But I am liberal, and accept that con-servatives come in many different forms. They often profess to care deeply about women. Especially young women of the underclass who need saving from them-
selves. MPs Nadine Dorries and Frank Field are such people, and have tabled a-mendments to the health and social care bill. Their propo-sals on new counselling re-quirements for women see-king abortions pave the way for anti-choice organisations to intervene. Their argument is that abortion providers have a vested interest in en-couraging women to proceed with terminations. This does not tally at all with my expe-rience of having an abortion, or being with someone ha-ving one. The counselling was something to be got t-hrough, as my mind had been made up. I did not need to be questioned on whether I wan-ted another child or whether my mother could help out, as she was dead.
Did I want to carry a baby to term and have it adopted? No, I didn t. Not because adoption is bad – in fact, my mother was left in a Salvati-on Army hostel at the age of six months – but it was not right for me in any way. Martin Narey, former head of Barnado s, has also swung into the argument, describing adoption as a "golden opti-on". Of teenage mothers, which are the girls he seems to be talking about, he says, "Adoption should be a third
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option to abortion or keeping the child."
Yes, it s true that once abor-tion became legal in 1967, fewer babies were put up for adoption. But to make wo-men go through pregnancy and give up their babies smacks of inhumanity. It happened in the good old days, and it happens in Ame-rica. It happened when I had my first child. The woman in the next bed to me was young, but her labour was short, and she showed me how to change a nappy when I was clueless. Three days after giving birth she took to her bed and wept and wept. The nurses said it was becau-se she had been brought the wrong lunch. But I knew why, and I and her parents were the only ones who did. She told me that she had got pregnant at 14, been sent away, had the child and been forced to give it up. Years later, in a happy relationship and having given birth to her lovely baby, she was grie-ving the secret loss of her first. It was devastating to behold. I still think of her.
Dorries, as we know, wants to turn back the clock on sex education, preaching absti-nence. I won t say too much about her, as she asked on her blog: "Suzanne Moore. Mad or bad?" A former col-league asked if he could tick both boxes. Suffice to say, Dorries and her allies are pushing an anti-choice agen-da on abortion. The discus-
sion on late abortion is al-ways difficult – 147 were carried out last year. The circumstances of these cases are horrible. They often in-volve domestic abuse, foetal abnormality and mental ill-ness. The British Medical Association supports keeping the limit at 24 weeks. No one pretends this is easy, but late abortion, though rare and traumatic, is one of the pro-paganda tools of the anti-abortionists. So too are the pictures of the cute babies born with cleft palettes, though often scans picking these up also pick up other, more serious abnormalities. Medical facts are short on the ground here. The line of counselling that Dorries and Field want to promote will tell women that abortion in-creases their chances of can-cer and may lead to inferti-lity. If any of us need to be reminded what happens when you make abortion illegal, we either go back to the time when young women died of septic abortion, or indeed look at Ireland, which merely exports the problems. Twelve women a day from that small country come here for abortions.
In all the years of pro-choice events I have attended, I have seen a real change in attitu-des. This is not reflected by this government, which is seeking to push through these anti-choice counselling pro-posals without legislation or debate. There is a demo to-day, and it will be interesting
to see how the atmosphere is altered. When I went to spe-ak-outs in the 80s and 90s, it was all very confessional, even teary. Now women stand up without shame and say, "Yes, I have had an a-bortion. And what a great relief it was." Some feel guilt for not feeling guilty.
Be aware that those pursuing the anti-abortion line are also those who want to reinterpret sex education so that children are taught only about traditi-onal families, and that the only context for sex is within marriage. And sex, of course, means only heterosexual sex. They are not interested in telling young people facts about their rights, as well as their responsibilities, around whatever kind of sex they want to have. Abstinence, heterosexuality and marriage is what is being preached. My moral position is not theirs. I want people to be given unbiased information. Those who seek to control their own bodies, whether gay or straight, male or fema-le, mothers or child-free women, need to make com-mon cause.
Under cover of economic crisis, those who would push back your hard-won rights advance in the shadows. The right wants the right to regu-late what you and I may do. I say, get your hands off my body. This is a violation, make no mistake.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE GUARDIAN (LO) • NEWS • 8/7/2011
Pakistan hits back at US commander over journalist s murder claim
Islamabad denounces as irresponsible comments by Admiral Mike Mullen that it sanctio-ned Syed Saleem Shahzad s killing Julian Borger
Pakistan has lashed out at America s top-ranking mili-tary officer, Admiral Mike Mullen, on Friday, saying that its relations with the US have been further damaged by his remarks blaming the Islamabad government for the killing, torture and mur-der of a Pakistani journalist.
The chairman of the joint chiefs of staff shocked Isla-mabad by saying publicly what US officials had con-firmed only in private: that the Pakistani government had "sanctioned" the killing of Syed Saleem Shahzad, the investigative reporter for Asia Times Online whose mutilated body was found on 30 May in a canal 40 miles from the capital. He had been writing about jihadist infiltra-tion of the Pakistani military.
Pakistan s information minis-ter, Firdous Ashiq Awan, told a news conference Mul-len had made an "extremely irresponsible and unfortunate statement".
"This statement will create problems and difficulties for the bilateral relations betwe-en Pakistan and America. It will definitely deal a blow to our common efforts with regard to the war on terror,"
she said, without going into details.
The row comes at a time when ties between the two countries have not recovered from the US raid that killed Osama bin Laden on 2 May in the central Pakistani town of Abbottabad. Pakistan s armed forces are smarting from the humiliation of the special forces mission, which was carried out without their permission or knowledge. After discovering the al-Qaida leader near a military academy in a town full of retired officers, the US rema-ins suspicious that he had been helped by members of the Pakistani government, army or the Inter-Services Intelligence spy agency.
Since the raid, Islamabad announced it was stopping US drone flights launched from its soil, although US officials said the flights, ai-med at tracking down and killing al-Qaida members and other militants, had been suspended in April, after a row over Islamabad s arrest of a CIA contractor, Ray-mond Davis, who shot two Pakistani nationals in Lahore in January.
It is unclear whether Mullen s remarks were approved beforehand by the White House or whether they sim-
ply reflected the frustration of a senior officer approa-ching retirement in two mon-ths, who invested considera-ble time in cultivating relati-onships with his Pakistani counterparts.
US and British intelligence officials believe that apart from a small department dea-ling with foreign agencies, the ISI s conduct is beyond the influence of the civilian government in Islamabad and its western allies.
Washington and London are anxious the poor human rights record of the Pakistani security services may have helped to entrench extreme jihadism in Pakistani society.
The Barack Obama adminis-tration has given off-the-record briefings that blame the ISI for Shahzad s abduc-tion and killing – an allegati-on the ISI has rejected.
In his public remarks at a Pentagon briefing on Thurs-day, Mullen hwas less speci-fic about the branch of go-vernment involvement, but left no doubt over who he thought was culpable. "It was sanctioned by the govern-ment," he said. "I have not seen anything to disabuse the report that the government knew about this."
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He added that he thought Shahzad s killing was part of a pattern of eliminating trou-blesome journalists. "His [death] isn t the first. For whatever reason, it has been used as a method historical-ly", adding that it raised wor-
rying questions about Pakis-tan s future. "It s not a way to move ahead. It s a way to continue to, quite frankly, spiral in the wrong directi-on." The Pakistani govern-ment has set up a judicial commission to investigate
Shahzad s death. It has re-quested copies of the journa-list s email and mobile phone records and has summoned the assistance of 16 "promi-nent personalities" from the media and human rights organisations.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE GUARDIAN (LO) • NEWS • 8/7/2011
Eight things you need to know about South Sudan
The basics on the world s newest country, from its national flag to its people s fondness for wrestling Xan Rice
• After considering various names including Azania, Nile Republic and Kush Republic, the government settled on the safest choice: the Republic of South Sudan, or Ross.
• The national flag is the sa-me as that used by the rebel army, the SPLA, and consists of horizontal black, red and green stripes, separated by two thinner white bands. The thick stripes represent the black people, their blood and fertile land. White is for pea-ce. The blue triangle at the flag s hoist symbolises the Nile, and the yellow star in-side it the unity of the 10 states.
• With several hundred lan-guage groups, South Sudan is one of the most linguistically diverse countries in Africa. English and Arabic were the official languages, but after independence only English will be retained as an official working language, according to the transitional Constitu-tion.
• A fish eagle appears on the coat of arms, while the sym-bol of the government is a secretary bird.
• Chosen through a competi-tion, the national anthem comprises four short stanzas and lasts a little more than a minute.
• Football and basketball are increasingly popular sports, but the most popular traditio-nal pastime is wrestling.
• The South Sudan pound will enter circulation in the coming months.
• There is no official national dish, as food varies widely throughout the states. In the east, Ethiopian-style dishes are common; in the north, fuul – cooked and mashed fava beans – is popular. El-sewhere, meals based around sorghum, beans and someti-mes goat meat are common.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • SPORTS WEDNESDAY • 8/7/2011
Court Rules Lockout by N.F.L. Can Go On By JUDY BATTISTA
Progress toward a new N.F.L. labor deal slowed Friday when a federal appe-als court gave the league a narrow victory, ruling that its lockout of players could con-tinue. But the court left open the question of whether the N.F.L. could be sued for anti-trust violations.
According to one person bri-efed on negotiations, the ti-ming of the court’s opinion — issued in the morning — was “awful” and “not help-ful” to the talks, unsettling them just as the sides hoped to finish discussions on the revenue split, the heart of the dispute.
The decision emboldened the hawks among both parties, the person said, inspiring some owners to want more concessions from players, and some on the players’ side to want to press their case, with the prospect that the court could allow antitrust damages.
Talks ended early in the eve-ning, but the N.F.L. said work would continue over the weekend, with lawyers and staff drafting language for a potential agreement. Face-to-face negotiations resume Monday with lawyers and staff, though owners and players may not join until later in the week.
The N.F.L. has identified July 15 as a deadline to avoid canceling the Hall of Fame game, the first preseason game, scheduled Aug. 7. The league would probably need at least a week, and perhaps two, after an agreement in principle is reached to have it entirely completed and ap-proved. Only then would free agency be allowed to start.
Friday’s talks were described as fragile, with the sides re-maining close to completing work on the revenue split. The benefits for retired pla-yers and the rookie wage system — which is being resisted by many agents who make much of their money from negotiating lucrative rookie contracts — have e-merged as bigger hang-ups to completing a deal.
“Still on track, but not mo-ving as fast as expectations,” the person said of negotiati-ons.
The ruling vacated a prelimi-nary injunction by a district court last spring that briefly lifted the lockout. The deci-sion, by the Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit in St. Louis, was not surprising because the same three-judge panel earlier issued two de-lays of the injunction, and had said during oral argu-ments in June that it would most likely issue a ruling that would not entirely please either party.
Both sides had assumed the court would hold its decision with negotiations in advan-ced stages. They issued a joint statement, saying the ruling did not change their “mutual recognition that this matter must be resolved t-hrough negotiation.”
“We are committed to our current discussions and rea-ching a fair agreement that will benefit all parties for years to come, and allow for a full 2011 season,” the sta-tement said.
The opinion also sent back to the district court the question of whether the lockout appli-ed to rookies and free agents.
William Gould, the former chairman of the National Labor Relations Board and now a professor at Stanford Law School, said he interpre-ted some of the language in the court’s decision and its description of facts as signa-ling that it did not believe the N.F.L. would have antitrust liability and that it would be difficult to win damages in an antitrust case.
“They didn’t hold that, but you look at their language — the way they describe what happened,” Gould said. “It is a big victory for them. They haven’t swept the table, but it looks like they would.”
Others thought the N.F.L.’s victory was not as complete.
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“This is an immediate victory for the league but still leaves it at some antitrust risk — a perfect way for the court to give both sides additional incentive to settle and reach a new collective bargaining agreement,” said Gary Ro-berts, the dean of the Indiana University School of Law in Indianapolis, who has been
analyzing the lockout for the NFL Network.
There was also the question around the league Friday if the appeals court ruling mi-ght spur the United States District Court Judge David Doty to soon announce his decision on damages in the so-called lockout insurance
television contracts case. That decision is expected to award a significant amount of money to players, althou-gh the league would appeal it. Doty, like the Court of Appeals, was believed to be holding his decision while negotiations continued.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR •
THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • NATIONAL • 8/7/2011
Anthony Verdict Sets Off Spate of New Legislation By ROBBIE BROWN The jury has spoken, the pu-blic has seethed and now it is time for politicians to offer their opinions on the verdict that dominated the news. Their view? Not in my state. Legislators in more than a dozen states have introduced bills that would make it a felony for a parent to not report the death or disappea-rance of a child within a cer-tain window of time. Such legislation would have cri-minalized the behavior of Casey Anthony, the Florida woman acquitted on Tuesday of killing her 2-year-old dau-ghter, Caylee. Ms. Anthony did not report her daughter missing for 31 days. “Justice did not prevail in Florida,” said State Repre-sentative Richard Henderson, a Kentucky Democrat. “Maybe this will change a deranged person’s mind in the future. Or maybe it will just give the judicial system another weapon in its arsenal to seek justice.”
Following a longtime practi-ce, the bills are named after the young victim in the case. Like Jessica’s Law and Me-gan’s Law, which punish sex offenders, and Kyleigh’s Law, which promotes safe driving, these are called Ca-ylee’s Law. “When lawmakers name it after a sympathetic figure, especially a child, it increa-ses the likelihood that people will vote for it on an emotio-nal level,” said Kevin Unde-rhill, a San Francisco lawyer and legal blogger. But he warns that the bills cover very rare situations and could be overused. He offered the example of a parent whose child runs away from home. The push for Caylee’s Law began hours after the verdict. A 30-year-old, unemployed woman in Durant, Okla., named Michelle Crowder created a petition on Tuesday on the Web site Change.org calling for action from ever-yone from state representati-
ves to members of Congress to President Obama. It has now received more than 700,000 signatures. Ms. Crowder, who has two daughters, said in a telephone interview she could not beli-eve it was legal for Ms. An-thony to not report her dau-ghter’s disappearance for a month. “Abandoning a child is illegal. Abuse is illegal. But not reporting a child missing is somehow O.K.?” she asked. That was equally surprising to State Representative Mi-chael Stinziano, an Ohio Democrat. At first, he worri-ed about appearing to capita-lize on public furor over the verdict, but he received so many e-mails from constitu-ents that he said he felt com-pelled to act. Mr. Stinziano has been working on a bill. “The question everyone ke-eps asking is: ‘Is this bill just a fad?’ ” he said. “Having it named Caylee’s Law captu-res attention. But this is so-
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mething legislatively we should absolutely enact.” In Maryland, State Senator Nancy Jacobs is also propo-sing a bill after receiving e-mails from constituents, Reu-ters reported.
At a federal level, legal ex-perts say, Caylee’s Law has little future. The Constituti-on prohibits Congress from intervening in a local matter like a missing child.
Not that it would matter in many cases. “Most parents don’t need a law of any kind telling them what to do when their child disappears,” Mr. Underhill said.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • NATIONAL • 8/7/2011
Pentagon Shift Ends Ousters Under ‘Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell’ By SEAN COLLINS WALSH WASHINGTON — The Pentagon instructed the mili-tary on Friday to stop remo-ving personnel who are gay from service and to begin accepting applications from homosexual recruits who are otherwise qualified to serve. The policy shift, announced in a memorandum from De-fense Undersecretary Clif-ford L. Stanley, follows t-hrough on a court ruling Wednesday that reinstated an injunction on the military’s “don’t ask, don’t tell” policy, which banned gay people from serving openly in the military. The policy, implemented during the Clinton adminis-tration, was repealed by Congress in December. Since then, the Defense Depart-ment has been working to implement the change, but the status of current gay ser-vice members remained un-clear. On Wednesday, the United States Court of Appe-als for the Ninth Circuit issu-ed an injunction that would prevent the old policy from
being enforced, which led to Friday’s announcement. Gay rights advocates said they were happy that the mi-litary would not treat homo-sexuals differently during the transition. “Anything that ends the discharges under ‘don’t ask, don’t tell’ is good for the military and makes our country safer,” said Mi-chael Cole-Schwartz, a spo-kesman for the human ri-ghts Campaign. Aubrey Sarvis, executive director of Service Members Legal Defense Network, which advocates for gay members of the military, said the provision regarding ap-plications to join the service would not have a large im-pact. The “don’t ask, don’t tell policy” prevented the military from asking about orientation during the appli-cation process, he said, so the only people who were rejec-ted upon entry were those who voluntarily offered that information in an interview. “The one time and the only time the service cannot ask you about your sexual orien-tation is when you enter,”
said Mr. Sarvis, an Army veteran. On Capitol Hill on Friday, the House voted to stop mili-tary chaplains from officia-ting at same-sex marriages on military bases, even if same-sex marriage is allowed in the state. The measure would cut off money for ma-terials to train chaplains a-bout the new policy. The move was the latest attempt by House Republicans to hinder implementation of the policy’s repeal. Representative Tim Huels-kamp, Republican of Kansas, introduced the item, saying he wanted to ensure that “America’s military bases are not used to advance a narrow social agenda,” ac-cording to The Associated Press. Mr. Huelskamp’s measure was included as an amend-ment to a $649 billion mili-tary spending bill for next year that the House approved Friday. The total represents a $17 billion increase from current military spending but fell about $8 billion short of
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what President Obama re-quested.
The Senate has not yet ap-proved a defense budget bill for next year.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • NATIONAL • 8/7/2011
Alabama: Suit Fights Immigration Law
By JULIA PRESTON Civil rights groups filed a class-action lawsuit on Fri-day against a new state law that cracks down on illegal immigration, saying it would violate the Constitutional rights of United States citi-
zens. The law, which suppor-ters described as the toughest of its kind in the nation, re-quires public schools to re-port students’ immigration status, makes it a crime to give a ride to an illegal im-migrant and bars all contracts
with those immigrants. “This law revisits the state’s pain-ful racial past,” said Mary Bauer, legal director of the Southern Poverty Law Cen-ter, one of the groups brin-ging the suit.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • NATIONAL • 8/7/2011
Shutdown in Minnesota Ripples Out to Day Care By TALYA MINSBERG and TIMOTHY WILLI-AMS LEXINGTON, Minn. — Among the thousands of pe-ople struggling with the state government shutdown here, 14-year-old Skye might be among the most unlikely. She is not a state worker, nor does she receive direct state aid. But because the shut-down has led Minnesota to cut her mother’s child care subsidy, Skye has been draf-ted to be the family baby sitter. Afternoons formerly spent playing softball are now spent looking after two of her younger siblings. “I mean, I went from seeing my friends every day and
hanging out to being home every day to take care of my sisters — it’s hard,” she said. “It put a big down on the summer.” For more than a week, Min-nesota has stopped perfor-ming all services not deemed critical because Gov. Mark Dayton, a Democrat, and the Republican-controlled Legis-lature have been unable to agree on a state budget for this fiscal year. Though the shutdown meant that about 22,000 govern-ment employees became suddenly unemployed, the most significant impact so far for Minnesotans who do not work for the government appears to be in the sort of
everyday thing, like child care for the poor, that had been easy to overlook for those not dependent on it. About 21,000 families with a total of 37,500 children in Minnesota receive day care subsidies that pay about half of the cost of child care at centers or in private homes. An additional 4,000 families are on a waiting list. “Of the things involved in the shutdown, this is the one that could grow into a crisis because of all the people who rely on it,” said Senator John Marty, a Democrat who re-presents a suburban district north of St. Paul. “This pro-gram has done tremendous
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things for women who had been on welfare.” Mr. Dayton has also deemed the program to be critical enough to continue during the shutdown, and his request is being considered by Kat-hleen Blatz, a former Minne-sota Supreme Court justice and the court-appointed mo-nitor who has been deciding during the shutdown what services are essential. The loss of the subsidy, even after only a few days, has had an outsize impact on some of the state’s day care centers, parents and staff members say. At Creative Kids Academy in Lexington, a Minneapolis suburb, the number of chil-dren in day care has dropped to around 30, from 70 before the shutdown. “It’s like a ghost town,” Gretchen Raymer, 29, the center’s director, said Friday in a room full of toys and buckets with children’s na-mes on them that far out-numbered the children pre-sent. Though the center is priva-tely operated, most of the
parents who use it receive the state subsidy. Without that stipend, a parent with two children, for instance, would have to pay $300 or $400 a week, a significant amount for women who often work jobs that pay less than $10 an hour. “Most are single mothers; lots don’t have a lot of family in the state, and they’ve been coming here a few years,” said Ms. Raymer, who said she had twice gone to the Capitol in St. Paul to testify against proposed budget cuts. “They have a limited support system.” The center estimates it will lose $4,000 a week without the stipends. Employees are being encouraged to take vacations, Ms. Raymer said, and she has already laid off a part-time worker. But she said she was mostly concerned about the parents and the children, whom she considers her extended fa-mily. “It’s stressful,” Ms. Raymer said. “We have a close relati-onship with families, and it’s horrible to see what the fami-
lies are going through. How long can they last?” As for Skye, she is more in-terested in saving her sum-mer than in budgets and poli-tics. Her mother, Keri Rosas, 35, a single mother of four, works the night shift at a group home and has depen-ded on Creative Kids Aca-demy to watch her younger children so she can sleep during the day. Ms. Rosas said Ms. Raymer had been very supportive, even provi-ding updates on the shut-down for parents. Ms. Rosas said that her younger children did not un-derstand what was going on but were eager to be with their friends again, and that Skye, her oldest, was just ready to get back to being a teenager. “She is extremely upset,” Ms. Rosas said. “She doesn’t understand why the govern-ment can shut down the way it is.”
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • INTERNATIONAL • 8/7/2011
A $22 Billion Question for India: What to Do With a Treasure? By VIKAS BAJAJ THIRUVANANTHAPU-RAM, India — What should India, rising but still plagued by poverty, do with a newly discovered treasure of gold coins, statues and jewels in the vault of a Hindu temple,
valued at some $22 billion? Enlarge This Image Sanjit Das for The New York Ti-mesThe treasure discovered in the Sri Padmanabhaswamy temple, in India, has brought various suggestions for its use.
Suggestions are pouring in from across the country and the world. Some say it should be used to establish universities and colleges. The man who brought the court case that resulted in the un-veiling wants it handed over
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to the Kerala state govern-ment. Others want a subway system. But here in Thiruvananthapu-ram, the capital of Kerala formerly known as Trivan-drum, many people — inclu-ding the state’s top elected official, Hindus and the royal family that once ruled this part of India and still overse-es the temple — argue that the treasure should remain, largely untouched, at the Sri Padmanabhaswamy temple where it has been housed for centuries. Their attitude partly reflects a suspicion that public officials entrusted with large sums of money will pocket much of it and mismanage the rest. Re-cent scandals, including one involving telecom licenses that cost the government an estimated $40 billion, have reinforced that cynicism. (That scandal has already sent one former minister to jail; on Thursday, another former telecom minister, Dayanidhi Maran, offered to quit the national cabinet in light of allegations that he used his position to benefit companies owned by his fa-mily.) Unlike in much of India, where royal families have used their kingdoms’ assets to build luxuriant palaces, here the royal family has had a reputation for living mo-destly and for its devotion to the Hindu god Vishnu, known here as Padmana-bhaswamy. “They should just measure its value,” said Krishna Kumar, a coconut oil producer who came to pray at the temple
this week. “And then they should leave it here. The ro-yal family will protect it.” Oommen Chandy, Kerala’s chief minister, echoed that sentiment. Even though his idyllic coastal state has a debt of $16 billion and wants to build a subway system in its largest metropolitan area of Kochi, he said the state would not seek to seize the treasure. Rather, the state is digging into its own pockets to secure the temple with dozens of police and com-mando officers and is plan-ning to install a high-tech surveillance system. “This wealth belongs to the temple,” Mr. Chandy said. “Sri Padmanabhaswamy is a symbol of the Kerala culture. The government will not agree with the view that this belongs to the state.” Political analysts say his po-sition will serve him in good stead with Hindus, who make up a little more than half of Kerala’s population. Mr. Chandy is Christian and led the Congress Party and its coalition partners to a narrow victory in state elections re-cently. India’s Supreme Court will ultimately decide who should control the temple’s wealth, which an archeological ex-pert and the royal family say is probably worth less than the $22 billion estimate but is still likely to be monumental. On Friday, the court put off the opening of the last of six vaults under the temple and ordered the state government and royal family to come up with a plan to secure the trea-sure. Previous attempts to
open the vault have been unsuccessful because the entrance is sealed with a thick steel door and granite pillars, said Shashi Bhushan, the archeologist who is also an informal adviser to the royal family. A previous king failed in an effort to enter that vault in 1931. Local legend has it that the vault is filled with snakes, but Mr. Bhushan, who wrote a 120-page history of the temple for the Supreme Court, dismisses those tales as hearsay. He said the court-appointed committee opening the vaults was searching for blacksmiths who may be familiar with ancient metal-lurgical methods to assist them. Mr. Bhushan said most of the temple’s assets were deposi-ted by the royal family and came from the pepper that the Travancore kingdom u-sed to sell to Europeans and others. In times of economic stress, the assets served as a “lender of last resort” to the royals and the debts were later repaid, according to detailed records written on palm leaves, said K. Jaya Kumar, a Kerala government official who is a member of the committee. The first structures in the temple grounds were built in the 800s, though much of the temple that exists today was built in the 1700s. The main sanctuary is a dimly lighted room with a statue of Vishnu lying on Sheshnag, the mul-tiheaded king of snakes. The current leader of the royal family, Sri Uthradom Thirunal Marthanda Varma,
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has stayed away from the public debate about what should be done with the trea-sure. But in an interview at his modest home, he seemed to suggest that it should be preserved for future genera-tions. Wearing a white dhoti, or wrapped pantaloon, and a faded striped shirt, the 90-year-old king looked less like the man sitting on a $22 bil-lion windfall and more like a retired scholar. He has not seen the treasure, he said, but he acknowledged that he had long known that the vaults contained gold and other valuables. Mr. Varma, who said he goes to the temple every morning
to pray, declined to speak about the case because the court has ordered those in-volved not to. But asked if he had a message to convey to the world, he suggested that people be more patient and spend more time comprehen-ding the world. “You can gobble up the thing,” he said, “or you can try to understand it.” The man who brought the case is a lawyer and former intelligence officer, T. P. Sundara Rajan, who is a de-votee of the temple. He con-tends that the royal family has mismanaged temple as-sets and protected them poor-ly. He declined to be intervi-ewed, citing the court order.
One Kerala politician, a for-mer minister of education and culture, said the large size of the temple’s assets proved that the royal family had done a good job preser-ving them. But he suggested that leaving aside the items that may have religious or archeological significance, the treasure could be used to help better society by fun-ding education — a traditio-nal activity of religious insti-tutions. “Teaching the new generati-on is the most important res-ponsibility of society,” said the former minister, M. A. Baby. “Along with the chur-ch, there should be the chur-ch school.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • INTERNATIONAL • 8/7/2011
Pakistani Troops Ordered to Use Bullets to Quell Karachi Turmoil By SAHAR HABIB GHA-ZI KARACHI, Pakistan — The federal government gave paramilitary and other secu-rity forces shoot-on-sight orders against gunmen who have plunged this sprawling southern port city into four days of ethnic and political violence that has left more than 70 dead, including 18 people on Friday. More than 1,100 people have been shot dead in what are known as targeted killings in battles between ethnic groups in Karachi since the start of the year, according to the hu-man rights Commission of Pakistan. But this week’s violence has been the most
sustained, said Zohra Yusuf, the chairwoman of the com-mission. “It is extremely disturbing,” Ms. Yusuf said. “The absen-ce of law enforcement agen-cies is very clear. It seems to be a poor response from the government.” After four days of intense bloodletting, the federal go-vernment on Friday finally called in 1,000 soldiers from the Frontier Constabulary, a paramilitary force, to sup-plement the forces already deployed in the city: the po-lice and the Sindh Rangers, a force governed by the Pakis-tan Army. The new forces and the Rangers were given orders to shoot on sight.
“Let me make it very clear that there is no operation planned,” Interior Minister Rehman Malik told reporters as he arrived in Karachi late Thursday night. “But defini-tely there will be targeted actions in the affected areas.” Karachi, a city of immi-grants, has a long history of political and ethnic violence. The city’s political fault lines mirror ethnic lines, and the violence has been confined to low-income areas dominated by two groups, the Pashtuns and the Muhajirs, which are aligned with competing par-ties. The Pashtuns tend to support the Awami National Party, or A.N.P., and the Muhajirs,
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Urdu-speaking people who immigrated from India in 1947, are aligned with Kara-chi’s strongest political party, the Muttahida Qaumi Mo-vement, or M.Q.M. Karachi has been a traditional stron-ghold of the M.Q.M. But a wave of Pashtun mi-grants in recent years has challenged the city’s demo-graphic and political balance as the Pashtuns demand their share of political representa-tion. The main political groups also frequently have links to criminal gangs who control lucrative smuggling and black-market syndicates. “This is a bloody turf war,” said Cyril Almeida, a colum-nist with Dawn, a leading English daily newspaper in Pakistan. “On the one side you have the M.Q.M., who believe they own the city, and on the other side you have the A.N.P.” Pockets of Pashtuns and Mu-hajirs often reside right next to each other, and it is at tho-se intersections that the worst violence has broken out. “We are taking all possible measures,” said Karachi’s
police chief, Saud Mirza. “Wherever there are ethnic interfaces in the city, we are deploying precautionary for-ces.” On Thursday, the M.Q.M. called a protest strike of workers, as politicians criti-cized the government res-ponse as inadequate. Since then, shops have pulled down their shutters, public trans-portation workers have par-ked their vehicles and gas stations have closed across the city. “Despite all our efforts of peace and tolerance, it is very apparent that the enforce-ment agencies and the Ran-gers, who operate under ins-tructions from provincial and federal government, have decided not to provide pro-tection to Karachites,” an M.Q.M. politician, Mustafa Kamal, said in a statement. “As a result, dozens of inno-cent citizens lost their lives in open attacks and targeted killings.” The Pakistani news media reported that a 6-year-old girl had been killed after being caught in a “hail of bullets”
as she walked home from school and that two public buses had been sprayed with bullets that killed at least 12 people and wounded 30. The attacks on the buses we-re aimed mainly at Muhajir passengers and appeared to be in retaliation for the kil-ling of five Pashtuns on Thursday, Dawn reported. Ms. Yusuf, the human ri-ghts Commission’s chair-woman, is not confident that the additional security forces will dampen the underlying causes of the violence. A leading national politician, Imran Khan, said it was up to the three ruling parties in Karachi — the A.N.P., the M.Q.M. and the Pakistan Peoples Party, which leads the federal government — to take responsibility and arrest the people from their parties who are behind the violence. “Can Rehman Malik cure cancer with an aspirin?” Mr. Khan said in a televised news conference.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • INTERNATIONAL • 8/7/2011
Pakistan Condemns Mullen’s Statement on Journalist’s Killing By JANE PERLEZ ISLAMABAD, Pakistan — The Pakistani government issued an angry denunciation on Friday of the statement by the Obama administration’s top military official that the killing of a Pakistani journa-
list was sanctioned by the nation’s authorities. The chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Adm. Mike Mullen, told reporters in Wa-shington on Thursday that he had seen nothing to disabuse a report this week that the
“government knew about this.” In response, Pakistan’s mi-nister of information, Firdous Ashiq Awan, said that Admi-ral Mullen had made an “ex-tremely irresponsible and unfortunate statement.”
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“This statement will create problems and difficulties for the bilateral relations betwe-en Pakistan and America,” Ms. Awan said. “It will defi-nitely deal a blow to our common efforts with regard to the war on terror.” In an article on Tuesday, The New York Times said the Obama administration belie-ved that Pakistan’s powerful spy agency, the Directorate for Inter-Services Intelligen-ce, or ISI, had directed the murder of Saleem Shahzad, a reporter who wrote about the infiltration of militants in the Pakistan army. Admiral Mullen, who is reti-ring in several weeks, told a group of reporters at the Pen-
tagon on Thursday: “I have not seen anything to disabuse the report that the govern-ment knew about this.” He added: “I would not be able to walk in and say, you know, here’s the string of evidence I have to confirm it.” But Admiral Mullen sugges-ted that the killing would not help relations between the United States and Pakistan. “It’s not a way to move ahe-ad,” he said. “It’s a way to continue to, quite frankly, spiral in the wrong directi-on.” The body of Mr. Shahzad, who wrote for the Web site Asia Times Online, was found two days after he di-
sappeared from Islamabad on May 29. The ISI has denied it was involved in the killing. Im-mediately after the discovery of the journalist’s body, with 17 wounds that were, accor-ding to an autopsy report, inflicted with a blunt instru-ment, several journalists and human rights activists said the spy agency was the prime suspect. Under pressure from Pakis-tani journalists, the civilian government established a commission of investigation to look into the murder. Its findings are expected early next month.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • INTERNATIONAL • 8/7/2011
Envoys Stay in Syrian City Where Protests Continue By ANTHONY SHADID BEIRUT, Lebanon — Tens of thousands of Syrians on Friday poured into a square that has emerged as a focus of defiance in Hama, Syria’s fourth-largest city, as the French and American ambas-sadors stayed there for a se-cond day in what their coun-tries called a gesture of sup-port for demonstrators and Syrian officials lambasted as interference. The protests in Hama, re-markable scenes that evoked demonstrations in Egypt and Tunisia earlier this year, con-tinued for a second week. Though Syria’s two largest cities, Damascus and Aleppo,
have yet to experience simi-lar protests so far, other large cities — Dayr az Zawr in the east and, to a lesser extent, Homs, south of Hama — had demonstrations on Friday that participants said were bigger than in past weeks, according to activists, resi-dents and images they fil-med. The scale of the protest in Hama posed no immediate threat to President Bashar al-Assad, but it thrust his lea-dership into territory thus far uncharted in the rebellion: it is unclear how the govern-ment would confront a mass challenge to its legitimacy in a city that suffered a brutal
crackdown a generation ago and still carries deep symbo-lism. To underscore their peacefulness, protesters in Hama said they carried roses and olive branches on Friday. “They’ll have to answer the question of what do we do now,” Wissam Tarif, execu-tive director of Insan, a hu-man rights group, said of the government. “They want to be in control, but they can’t be in control everywhe-re.” So far, even some of the go-vernment’s supporters ack-nowledge that Mr. Assad’s leadership has yet to forge any real strategy to cope with the most serious challenge in
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his 11 years as president. The government has said it will tolerate peaceful dissent but indicated otherwise in a crackdown in Hama, in whi-ch 16 people were killed du-ring 48 hours this week, ac-cording to human rights Watch. Across Syria, acti-vists said security forces kil-led 15 more people and wounded dozens on Friday, though the government bla-med armed insurgents for at least some of those deaths. A true national dialogue that Syria had proposed for Sun-day, meanwhile, appeared to be stillborn. Leading oppo-nents have said they will stay away, given the violence, suggesting that a government whose intention to reform is questionable will be left tal-king with an opposition it has chosen. “The atmosphere is not sui-table for having such a dialo-gue,” said Hassan Abdel-Azim, an opposition figure in Damascus, Syria’s capital,
who announced that he would boycott the session. The American and French ambassadors, Robert S. Ford and Éric Chevallier, arrived in Hama on Thursday and stayed into Friday, the tradi-tional day for protests. Offi-cials in both countries said the men left in the afternoon, before the protests gathered strength. An American offi-cial said the visits had not been coordinated beforehand. A video posted to YouTube captured a scene unusual for an American diplomat in the Arab world, where resent-ment at American support for authoritarian rulers runs de-ep. In Hama, crowds chan-ting “People want the fall of the regime” cheered what appeared to be Mr. Ford’s vehicle, and some protesters tossed flowers on its hood. In the background was a huge banner that said, “Syria is free, down with Bashar al-Assad.” “Residents feel a kind of protection with the presence
of the ambassador,” said Omar al-Habbal, an activist in Hama. “The authorities wouldn’t dare react with vio-lence.” While most residents intervi-ewed expressed appreciation for the visit by Mr. Ford, a seasoned diplomat and Ara-bic speaker who filled a post this year that had been vacant since 2005, some worried that his presence might allow the government to taint the protests. Others said they were angry that the United States had yet to take a blun-ter stand in calling for Mr. Assad to resign. Unlike their response to the situation in Libya, American officials dealing with Syria have con-tinued to urge Mr. Assad to carry out reforms, although they have warned him that time is running out. 1 2 Next Page » Hwaida Saad contributed reporting from Beirut, and employees of The New York Times from Damascus, Syri-a.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • EDITORIALS, OP-ED AND LED • 8/7/2011
Death Penalty, Still Racist and Arbitrary By DAVID R. DOW LAST week was the 35th anniversary of the return of the American death penalty. It remains as racist and as random as ever. Several years after the death penalty was reinstated in 1976, a University of Iowa law professor, David C. Bal-dus (who died last month),
along with two colleagues, published a study examining more than 2,000 homicides that took place in Georgia beginning in 1972. They found that black defendants were 1.7 times more likely to receive the death penalty than white defendants and that murderers of white vic-tims were 4.3 times more
likely to be sentenced to dea-th than those who killed blacks. What became known as the Baldus study was the center-piece of the Supreme Court’s 1987 decision in McCleskey v. Kemp. That case involved a black man, Warren McCleskey, who was sentenced to die for murde-
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ring a white Atlanta police officer. Mr. McCleskey ar-gued that the Baldus study established that his death sentence was tainted by raci-al bias. In a 5-to-4 decision, the Supreme Court ruled that general patterns of dis-crimination do not prove that racial discrimination operated in particular cases. Of course, the court had to say that, or America’s capital justice system would have screeched to a halt. Georgia is not special. Nationwide, blacks and whites are victims of homicide in roughly equal numbers, yet 80 percent of those executed had murdered white people. Over the past three decades, the Baldus study has been replicated in about a dozen other jurisdic-tions, and they all reflect the same basic racial bias. By insisting on direct evidence of racial discrimination, the court in McCleskey essenti-ally made the fact of pervasi-ve racism legally irrelevant, because prosecutors rarely write e-mails announcing they are seeking death in a given case because the mur-derer was black (or because the victim was white). In Texas, though, they do come close. In 2008, the dis-trict attorney of Harris County, Chuck Rosenthal, resigned after news emerged that he had sent and received racist e-mails. His office had sought the death penalty in 25 cases; his successor has sought it in 7. Of the total 32 cases, 29 involve a nonwhite defendant.
Since 1976, Texas has carri-ed out 470 executions (well more than a third of the nati-onal total of 1,257). You can count on one hand the num-ber of those executions that involved a white murderer and a black victim and you do not need to use your thumb, ring finger, index finger or pinkie. Well, you might need the pinkie. On June 16, Texas executed Lee Taylor, who at age 16 beat an elderly couple while robbing their home. The 79-year-old husband died of his injuries. Mr. Ta-ylor was sentenced to life in prison; there he joined the Aryan Brotherhood, a white gang, and, four years into his sentence, murdered a black inmate and was sentenced to death. When Mr. Taylor was executed, it was reported that he was the second white per-son in Texas executed for killing a black person. Actu-ally, he should be counted as the first. The other inmate, Larry Hayes, executed in 2003, killed two people, one of whom was white. The facts surrounding Lee Taylor’s execution are cause for further shame. John Ba-lentine, a black inmate, was scheduled to die in Texas the day before Lee Taylor’s exe-cution. Mr. Balentine’s law-yers argued that his court-appointed appellate lawyer had botched his case, and that he should have an oppor-tunity to raise issues the law-yer had neglected. Less than an hour before Mr. Balentine
was to die, the Supreme Court issued a stay. Lee Taylor’s lawyers wat-ched the Balentine case clo-sely; their client too had re-ceived scandalously bad re-presentation, and, they filed a petition virtually identical to the one in the Balentine case. But by a vote of 5-to-4, the justices permitted the Taylor execution to proceed. If there were differences between the Balentine and Taylor cases, they were far too minor to form the boundary between life and death. But trivial distinctions are commonpla-ce in death penalty cases. Justice Lewis F. Powell Jr., one of the five justices in the McCleskey majority, retired from the court in 1991. Fol-lowing his retirement he said he had voted the wrong way. If Justice Powell had chan-ged his mind a year sooner, Warren McCleskey, who was executed in Georgia in 1991, would still be alive. And because of a vote from a single Supreme Court justi-ce, John Balentine lives whi-le Lee Taylor died. When capital punishment was brie-fly struck down, in 1972, Justice Potter Stewart said the death penalty was arbi-trary, like being struck by lightning. It still is, and it’s the justices themselves who keep thro-wing the bolts. David R. Dow, a professor at the University of Houston Law Center, is the author, most recently, of a memoir, “The Autobiography of an Execution.”
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • BUSINESS DAY • 8/7/2011
Europe Explores Passage of Consumer Rights Bill
By KEVIN J. O’BRIEN BERLIN — In Austria, con-sumers can demand repairs, but not exchanges or refunds, when they receive a defective product. If a factory fire or strike in France delays deli-very of a purchase by weeks or even months, some con-sumers must simply wait. They have no legal right to cancel the purchase. When it comes to what is called contract law in the European Union, the single market is actually a patch-work of 27 national legal codes offering varying de-grees of protection to consu-mers and merchants. Those differences, and the costs of overcoming them, have limi-ted cross-border trade prima-rily to multinational compa-nies with the legal staffs to negotiate the maze. This autumn, the European Commission is expected to propose creating a single European Union contract law that consumers and mer-chants can use to supersede national laws, in some cases offering better terms and more protection. The author of the proposal, Viviane Reding, the commis-sioner for justice, funda-mental rights and citizen-ship, said the alternative — and optional — legal regime would encourage cross-border purchases. Currently, only 7 percent of European
consumers make purchases across borders. That is usually because con-sumers are uncertain of their rights under foreign contract laws, or because many small and midsize businesses, wary of the costs of adapting their sales contracts to several national legal regimes, refuse to serve foreign markets, she said. “We need to do something to give consumers more pur-chase options, and to give merchants greater access to more markets,” Mrs. Reding, a conservative from Luxem-bourg, said in an interview. “An optional E.U. contract law would have the effect of opening up the single market, giving traders and consumers the opportunity to transact in a secure environment.” Mrs. Reding led the drive in 2007 to cap mobile phone roaming charges for consu-mers across the European Union. She said the new ini-tiative was modeled in part on the Uniform Commercial Code used in the United Sta-tes, the set of common rules that have been used by all 50 states since 1952. Mrs. Reding said she develo-ped the idea for the European proposal in part after consul-ting with experts at the Ame-rican Law Institute in Phila-delphia. “We could learn a lot from America about how to utilize and develop a sin-gle market,” she said.
But in Europe the proposal, which Mrs. Reding plans to present in October to the European Parliament and Council of Ministers, faces opposition from some law-makers who question whe-ther a new legal framework will cost more than it is wor-th. Associations representing contract lawyers and national consumer rights groups, whose livelihoods depend in part on advising on how to navigate the fragmented sta-tus quo, also say they are skeptical. But the proposal gained mo-mentum in May in a public consultation that attracted comments from 500 compa-nies, governments and inte-rest groups. Small-business groups, like the Federation of Small Businesses in Britain, spoke out in favor of the change, which they said would lower the costs of do-ing business and open new markets for small companies. Mrs. Reding would need a majority of the Council of Ministers and the Parliament for the law to be enacted. If approved, it would be up to merchants to decide whether to offer it to consumers. On June 8, the European Par-liament, in a nonbinding vo-te, endorsed the concept. On July 7, the presidents of the 27 national Supreme Courts in the European Union sent a letter to Mrs. Reding in sup-port of the approach. So did a
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German lawyers’ group and the multinational companies Audi, eBay and LVMH Moët Hennessy Louis Vuitton. “The single market in Europe has been in place for many years, but only big busines-ses have been able to benefit, not small businesses, because they have the resources and legal staffs to navigate the fragmented landscape,” said Andrew Cave, a spokesman for the Federation of Small Businesses, which represents more than 200,000 British companies. “This would al-low small businesses for the first time to take advantage of the E.U. single market.” But even in Britain, one of the largest European expor-ters, the plan remains contro-versial. Mr. Cave said Brita-in’s conservative-liberal go-vernment coalition, along with governments in Den-mark and the Czech Repu-blic, criticized the proposal
during the commission’s public consultation. Opposi-tion in Britain, Mr. Cave said, is being led by the main lawyer’s group, the Law So-ciety, and the Confederation of British Industry, which represents large businesses. Discussions to resolve the impasse are taking place with the government and relevant interest groups behind the scenes, Mr. Cave said. A spokeswoman for the Law Society and the Confederati-on of British Industry said the group was still soliciting its members to take a positi-on on the issue. “We are hopeful that we will be able to convince the go-vernment of the benefits of this proposal to British small businesses and exporters,” Mr. Cave said. Malcolm Harbour, the cha-irman of the European Parli-ament Committee on Internal Market and Consumer Pro-
tection, one of several parli-amentary panels that will consider the legislation this autumn, said he was skepti-cal the proposal would achi-eve its intended effect. “My overall view about this is I am not sure that the cost-benefits of what are required to put this into effect are worth it,” said Mr. Harbour, a representative from Wo-king, England. Mrs. Reding said her staff was preparing the details of the proposal, which would emphasize the voluntary na-ture of the regime and its benefits. All European Union consumers, for example, would gain the right to re-funds and exchanges, not just repairs, in the case of defec-tive merchandise, and also the right to cancel contracts when merchants did not deli-ver on time, among other things.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • BUSINESS DAY • 8/7/2011
French Court Puts Off Decision in Lagarde Case By LIZ ALDERMAN PARIS — A French court on Friday gave Christine Lagar-de, the new managing direc-tor of the International Mo-netary Fund, her second re-prieve in a month from a potential investigation into whether she abused her au-thority as France’s finance minister before taking her new job. But the court left open the possibility of future legal proceedings against her.
As Ms. Lagarde prepared to hold her first I.M.F. board meeting on Friday to consi-der another $3 billion in e-mergency financing for Gre-ece, the French Court of Justice, which oversees the actions of ministers in office, said it would delay until Aug. 4 a decision on whether to look into her handling in 2007 of a court case invol-ving a French tycoon.
It was the second time in a month that the court had postponed a ruling. A court official said one of the judges had recused himself, Reuters reported. The delay means another month of legal uncer-tainty hangs over Ms. Lagar-de. “It’s a bit surprising,” said Christopher Mesnooh, a partner in international busi-ness law at Field Fisher Wa-terhouse in Paris. “Given the
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high-profile conditions under which she replaced her pre-decessor at the I.M.F., one might have thought the court would have wanted to provi-de legal certainty today, to allow Madam Lagarde to commence her functions with a clear mind.” Ms. Lagarde ushered in a new era at the I.M.F. on Tu-esday as the first woman to hold the post of managing director, one of the top posi-tions in international finance. She met at the fund’s head-quarters in Washington with employees still ruffled by the resignation of her predeces-sor, Dominique Strauss-Kahn, after he was charged with the sexual assault of a hotel maid in New York. Her contract contains a section on conduct and ethics that requi-res her to “strive to avoid
even the appearance of im-propriety.” At issue in the French court case is whether Ms. Lagarde abused her authority as fi-nance minister in one of France’s longest-running legal dramas. In 2007, she ordered that a dispute between Bernard Tapie, a flamboyant French businessman and friend of President Nicolas Sarkozy, and Crédit Lyonnais, a state-owned bank, be referred to an arbitration panel. The pa-nel ultimately awarded Mr. Tapie a settlement of about $580 million, including inte-rest. Mr. Tapie, a former chief of the Adidas sports empire and a former Socialist minister who changed political loyal-ties to support Mr. Sarkozy’s 2007 presidential campaign,
accused Crédit Lyonnais in 1993 of cheating him when it oversaw the sale of his stake in Adidas. Mr. Sarkozy suggested that the Finance Ministry, which was overseeing the case be-cause Crédit Lyonnais was a ward of the French state, move the case to arbitration. Ms. Lagarde defended her role in the case again this week, telling French televisi-on that she had “exactly the same confidence and peace of mind” whether the court decided to pursue investiga-tions or not. If the court decides later to investigate, Ms. Lagarde will have to gird for a possibly lengthy legal process, al-though she would not neces-sarily be required to be pre-sent in France.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • LE MONDE (FR) • À LA UNE • 8/7/2011 • 14:42:48
Pas encore adoptée, la carte d'identité biométrique est déjà critiquée L Assemblée nationale a a-dopté en première lecture, jeudi 7 juillet, une propositi-on de loi qui prévoit la mise en place d une nouvelle carte d identité. A l image du pas-seport, cette dernière devrait contenir des données d iden-tité classiques, mais aussi certaines données biométri-ques du titulaire. Pour la ma-jorité, ce dispositif devrait permettre de lutter contre les usurpations d identité, consi-dérées comme un délit depuis la loi Loppsi 2, qui touche-raient, d après un sondage du
Credoc (Centre de recherche pour l étude et l observation des conditions de vie), envi-ron 4 % de la population française. Si cette nouvelle carte d i-dentité est validée définiti-vement, elle devrait conduire à la Constitution d un vaste "fichier central biométrique" contenant toutes les données des titulaires, soit "potentiel-lement 45 à 50 millions de personnes". Un élément qui provoque la colère de l oppo-sition, qui dénonce la créa-tion d un "fichier policier",
non plus "dans une démarche de reconnaissance d identité, mais dans la logique d un fichier de recherches crimi-nelles". PLUS DE DONNÉES COL-LECTÉES Cette nouvelle carte d identi-té contiendra, dans une "puce régalienne", les noms, pré-noms, sexe, date et lieu de naissance, adresse, taille, couleur des yeux, empreintes digitales et photographie du titulaire. Mais le citoyen français devra désormais
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donner les empreintes de huit de ses doigts, contre deux pour la carte d identité actu-elle. Ces données seront authenti-fiées grâce à leur enregistre-ment sur une base centrale, la base TES (titres électroni-ques sécurisés), déjà utilisée pour les passeports biométri-ques. Elles devraient être conservées dans le fichier central pendant une période de quinze ans, selon le minis-tre de l intérieur, Claude Guéant, même si cette durée n apparaît pas dans la propo-sition de loi. Une seconde puce dite "de services dématérialisés", fa-cultative, pourra également être contenue dans la carte. Cette puce permettra au titu-laire de "s identifier sur les réseaux de communication électronique et de mettre en œuvre sa signature électroni-que". La puce sera lue grâce à un boîtier spécialement fourni, et permettra une iden-tification en ligne qui devrait favoriser le commerce élec-tronique. Les deux puces conserverai-ent les données séparément, de sorte que les opérateurs privés ou les administrations ne pourront pas accéder aux données de la puce "réga-lienne". UN FICHIER CONSULTA-BLE PAR LA POLICE JU-DICIAIRE Si la majorité maintient que l objectif de ce dispositif est de lutter contre les usurpati-ons d identité, cette nouvelle carte d identité pourrait avoir d autres utilités. Le rappor-teur de la proposition de loi au Sénat, Jean-René Lecerf
(UMP), se félicite d ailleurs que "l Assemblée nationale souhaite une utilisation plus large pour des enquêtes de police judiciaire ou pour des cas de reconnaissance de cadavres après des catastro-phes naturelles". La proposition de loi précise en effet que les informations contenues dans le fichier central pourront notamment être consultées dans le cadre de "recherches criminelles sur réquisition de la justice". Un élargissement auquel s était pourtant opposé dans un premier temps le Sénat, mais qui a été adopté en commis-sion. L opposition critique vive-ment ce choix d établir un "lien fort" entre les éléments biométriques et le détenteur de la carte d identité. La dé-putée PS Delphine Batho critique d ailleurs le fait que "le véritable objectif de ce texte" soit "le fichage biomé-trique de la totalité de la po-pulation à des fins de lutte contre la délinquance". Cet élément avait déjà été critiqué lors de la mise en place par décret du passeport biométrique, le 30 septembre 2005. La Commission natio-nale de l informatique et des libertés (CNIL) avait rendu un avis défavorable, estimant que les motivations sécuritai-res "ne justifient pas la con-servation, au plan national, de données biométriques telles que les empreintes di-gitales et que les traitements ainsi mis en œuvre seraient de nature à porter une attein-te excessive à la liberté indi-viduelle". De nombreux re-cours avaient été déposés,
dont l un toujours en cours devant le Conseil d Etat. DES RISQUES AU NIVE-AU DE LA SÉCURITÉ La polémique est d autant plus forte pour la carte d i-dentité biométrique qu elle risque de concerner plus de citoyens français. Si la majo-rité tempère en rappelant que les Français ne seront pas immédiatement soumis à l obligation d adopter la nou-velle carte d identité biomé-trique, leur carte sera néces-sairement remplacée par le nouveau modèle lorsqu elle arrivera à échéance. La question de la protection des données personnelles de la nouvelle carte d identité fait également polémique. Dans une interview à L Ex-press, Jean-Claude Vitran, responsable du groupe de travail "libertés et technolo-gie" de la Ligue des droits de l homme, affirme que les puces "sont lisibles à distan-ce par magnétisme ou grâce à des rayons infrarouges […] et les dernières générations de ces composants sont lisi-bles à des distances de plusi-eurs centaines de mètres !" De plus, elles seraient "faci-les à copier", pour Jean-Claude Vitran, car "il suffit à un pirate de quelques euros et d un lecteur de carte basi-que pour pouvoir les falsifi-er". DÉRIVE COMMERCIALE Lors du débat à l Assemblée nationale, le député socialiste Serge Blisko s est étonné de la mise en place d une secon-de puce, car "on ne peut que s interroger sur ce détourne-ment à des fins commercia-les". La puce pourra en effet
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collecter des données sur les achats réalisés en ligne par le titulaire de la carte. "Le groupe socialiste au Sénat s est interrogé sur le fait que cette deuxième puce services soit gérée par le ministère de l intérieur, car avez-vous besoin, en qualité de ministre de l intérieur, de connaître les habitudes d achat et de con-
sommation ou les allées et venues de millions de cito-yens ?" s est interrogé Serge Blisko. La proposition de loi a été adoptée par l Assemblée na-tionale en des termes diffé-rents de ceux du Sénat. Pour qu elle soit validée, un com-promis devra être trouvé par une commission mixte pari-
taire composée de 7 députés et de 7 sénateurs. Jean-Claude Vitran a par ailleurs déjà annoncé que "quand la loi sera votée, la Ligue des droits de l homme saisira la CNIL [dont l avis n est que consultatif] et déposera un recours devant le Conseil d Etat".Charlotte Chabas
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • LE MONDE (FR) • À LA UNE • 8/7/2011 • 02:32:15
Affaire Karachi : un témoin-clé nie l'utilisation de fonds secrets pour fi-nancer la campagne de Balladur en 1995
Gérard Davet et Fabrice Lhomme
Le juge Renaud Van Ruym-beke, chargé du volet finan-cier de l affaire Karachi, a aujourd hui une conviction, étayée par de nouveaux élé-ments judiciaires : les 20 millions de francs (3 millions d euros) en espèces qui ont alimenté de manière suspecte la campagne présidentielle d Edouard Balladur, en 1995, proviendraient bien de rétro-commissions versées à l oc-casion de marchés d arme-ment. Il peut désormais s appuyer, pour conforter son raisonnement, sur le témoig-nage de Pierre Mongin, actu-el PDG de la RATP et ex-chef de cabinet de M. Balla-dur de 1993 à 1995.
Entendu lundi 4 juillet par le juge Van Ruymbeke M. Mongin a assuré au magistrat que les fonds secrets de Ma-tignon n avaient pas été mis à contribution pendant la cam-
pagne de 1995."Je n ai pas personnellement, dans la gestion de ces fonds, attribué de l argent à la campagne de M. Balladur, confie M. Mon-gin sur procès-verbal (...) Je n ai pas remis d espèces di-rectement à M. Balladur "
Or, le juge Van Ruymbeke a déjà pu établir que ces som-mes, apportées à la banque par liasses épaisses, en gros-ses coupures, ne pouvaient être le fruit de collectes or-ganisées dans les meetings, contrairement à la version présentée par l ancien premi-er ministre et ses proches (Le Monde du 1er juillet). Il ne reste donc au magistrat qu une seule hypothèse de trava-il : les 20 millions de francs suspects auraient été obtenus via des intermédaires impo-sés par le cabinet de François Léotard lors des négociations finales des contrats de livrai-son d armes Agosta et Sawari II signés en 1994. Les fara-mineuses commissions pro-
mises aux intermédiaires se seraient ensuite transformées en rétrocommissions.
Le juge Van Ruymbeke a fait procéder, en début de semai-ne, à l interrogatoire de Nico-las Bazire, ami de toujours de Nicolas Sarkozy et directeur de campagne de M. Balladur en 1995. Les enquêteurs s interrogent sur son rôle exact dans le dispositif, lui dont les liens avec certains intermé-diaires imposés dans les con-trats d armement ont été mis en exergue pendant l enquê-te. Bon nombre de témoins ont également narré aux en-quêteurs sa présence dans la campagne, et mentionné avec force détails le coffre-fort de son bureau, souvent empli de liasses de billets.
Francis Lamy, homme de confiance de M. Balladur, poussé mercredi 6 juillet dans ses retranchements par le juge Van Ruymbeke, a pointé le rôle de M. Bazire,
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actuel bras droit de Bernard Arnault. M. Lamy avait ex-pliqué aux rapporteurs du Conseil Constitutionnel, en 1995, qu une somme de plus de 13 millions de francs ver-sée en liquide sur les comp-tes de campagne provenait de la vente d objets divers, pen-dant les meetings. Une ver-sion jugée fantaisiste par les enquêteurs. "Je suis prati-quement certain que c est M. Bazire qui m a donné ces explications", assure aujourd hui M. Lamy au juge Van Ruymbeke, et ce à plusieurs reprises.
NOUVEAUX SOUPÇONS DE RÉTROCOMMISSIONS POUR UN TROISIÈME CONTRAT D ARMEMENT
Parallèlement à ce versant politique, le magistrat tente de pénétrer les arcanes des marchés d armement. Un haut fonctionnaire, Philippe Bros, commissaire du gou-vernement pour les exporta-tions d armes de 1988 à 1993, lui a confié ses doutes, le 30 juin, sur la licéité des marchés. "Je soupçonnais fortement l existence de re-tours [les rétrocommis-sions](...) parce qu on avait mis en place deux personna-lités politiques, fidèles de M. Léotard, à des postes pour lesquels ils n étaient pas compétents..."
Deux autres hauts fonction-naires, Jean-Louis Porchier et Michel Ferrier, avaient déjà tenu le même discours au juge. M. Ferrier, a par ail-leurs livré une nouvelle piste au magistrat, qui l a interrogé le 30 juin. L ex responsable des transferts sensibles au secrétariat général de la dé-fense nationale, a fait allusi-on au marché "Miksa" , por-tant sur la surveillance des frontières du royaume wa-hhabite, qui fit l objet d un protocole d accord, signé le 12 novembre 1994, entre Charles Pasqua, alors minis-tre de l intérieur — et soutien politique d Edouard Balladur — et son homologue saoudi-en, le prince Naïef Ben Ab-delaziz al-Saoud. Thomson-CSF (devenu Thalès) était chef de file de la candidature française.
A en croire le témoin, la Commission interministériel-le pour l étude des exportati-ons de matériels de guerre (CIEEMG), aurait mis son veto, en 1994, à la signature de ce contrat. "Avez-vous soupçonné le ministre de l intérieur d avoir cherché à financer la campagne prési-dentielle du premier ministre ?", a demandé le juge. "J ai forcément étudié cette ques-tion et j ai transmis aux auto-rités tous les éléments sûrs
dont je disposais et qui aurai-ent pu faire penser à des malversations", a répondu M. Ferrier. Il a affirmé avoir transmis à l époque ses in-formations à la présidence de la République, à Matignon et au ministère de la défense: "Je leur ai adressé un courrier secret défense donnant tous les éléments précis dont je disposais et qui m avaient amené à avoir clairement une position négative en raison de mes soupçons de rétro-commissions ".
Pour Me Olivier Morice, l un des conseils des parties civi-les, "les familles des victimes demandent maintenant que tous ceux qui font partie de la chaîne de responsabilité soi-ent mis en cause par la justi-ce : d Edouard Balladur à François Léotard, sans oubli-er Nicolas Sarkozy, du fait de ses responsabilités à l époque puisqu il était au coeur du système de corruption per-mettant le retour de commis-sions illicites".
Lire l intégralité de cette en-quête dans l édition Abonnés du site et dans Le Monde daté du 9 juillet et disponible dans les kiosques ce vendredi à partir de 13 heures.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • LE MONDE (FR) • À LA UNE • 8/7/2011 • 01:41:37
Une cinquantaine de militants pro-palestiniens bloqués à Roissy
Une cinquantaine de voya-geurs occupaient un terminal de la compagnie Lufthansa à l aéroport parisien de Roissy, vendredi matin 8 juillet, après s être vu refuser l enre-gistrement de leur vol car leur nom figure sur une liste envoyée par Israël de "per-sonnes indésirables". Plusieurs associations de soutien aux Palestiniens ont appelé sur Internet leurs sympathisants à converger vers l aéroport international de Tel Aviv, afin de se ren-dre ensuite dans les territoi-res palestiniens, dont Israël contrôle tous les accès, à l exception de la frontière en-tre la bande de Gaza et l Egypte. Après avoir réussi à tenir en échec une tentative de forcer symboliquement le blocus maritime de Gaza, Israël était sur les dents à l annonce de l arrivée de ces militants pro-palestiniens. Le pays s em-ployait à empêcher leur ve-nue en dissuadant les com-pagnies aériennes de les em-barquer. "LISTE DE PERSONNES INDÉSIRABLES" "Roissy sous blocus, Luf-thansa collabos !" scandaient les voyageurs au terminal 1, à Roissy, où ils devaient em-barquer. "Nous resterons ici tant que la compagnie refuse-ra de nous donner un papier nous signifiant ce refus", a expliqué Mustapha Houa-med, 36 ans.
"Roissy-Charles-de-Gaulle est sous occupation israé-lienne. Nous sommes des gens pacifiques qui n avons aucune intention de semer le désordre à l aéroport Ben Gourion", a déclaré Olivia Zemor, coordinatrice du mouvement Bienvenue Pa-lestine en France. Jeudi, Israël a envoyé aux compagnies aérienne "une liste de personnes indésira-bles" sur son territoire, a ex-pliqué une source aéroportu-aire française. Selon le site d information israélien Ynet, la plupart des personnes figu-rant sur cette liste sont de nationalité française. DÉPLOIEMENT POLICIER Israël a remis aux "compag-nies aériennes une liste de 342 personnes indésirables, les avertissant qu elles seront aussitôt refoulées aux frais des compagnies" a indiqué la porte parole des services de l immigration Sabin Hadad. Suite à cet avertissement "les compagnies ont refusé dores et déjà de prendre à bord quelques 200 de ces passa-gers" a-t-elle précisé. Durant la nuit Israël a déjà refoulé vers les Etats Unis deux mili-tantes américaines, venues par avion, a-t-elle ajouté. La police israélienne était en état d alerte en prévision de l arrivée de ces militants, qua-lifiés de "hooligans" par le ministre israélien de la sécu-rité publique, Yitzhak Aha-ronovitch, qui a prévenu qu
ils seraient expulsés dès leur arrivée. "Plusieurs centaines de poli-ciers ont été déployés pour éviter tout désordre. Ils ont reçu pour consigne d agir avec fermeté et retenue, en arrêtant sur le champ tout fauteur de troubles", a préci-sé le porte-parole de la poli-ce, Micky Rosenfeld. "HYSTÉRIE" Ces policiers, dont des mem-bres de l unité d élite chargée d intervenir en cas d attentat et des garde-frontières, ont été envoyés en renfort des centaines d agents de sécurité opérant régulièrement à l aéroport. "L aéroport n est pas un champ de bataille et en conséquence, les policiers n ont pas été équipés de ma-traques, de grenades lacrymogènes" ou d autre matériel antiémeutes, a toute-fois précisé Micky Rosen-feld. Tout en relevant l objectif dissuasif de la mobilisation policière à l aéroport, les médias israéliens jugeaient celle-ci excessive. La radio publique s alarmait d une une véritable "hystérie" des auto-rités, alors que le quotidien à grand tirage Yediot Aharonot titrait : "Nous sommes deve-nus cinglés", ironisant sur le fait qu un "pays entier est sur les dents en attendant la ve-nue d une militante italienne octogénaire". Un ancien porte-parole de l armée, le député du parti
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centriste Kadima, a déploré pour sa part à la télévision que le pays continue à traiter comme une menace militaire des manifestations de civils non armés, telles qu elles se produisent dans tout le mon-de arabe.
Les organisateurs de Bienve-nue en Palestine ont expliqué vouloir marquer l anniversai-re de la décision, le 9 juillet 2004, de la Cour Internati-onale de justice (CIJ) décla-rant illégale la barrière de séparation construite par Israël en Cisjordanie.
Des centaines de militants sont attendus de France, de Belgique, d Allemagne, du Royaume-Uni, des Etats-Unis et d Italie pour partici-per à cette opération, à l invi-tation de 15 associations pa-lestiniennes, selon les organi-sateurs.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • LE MONDE (FR) • À LA UNE • 8/7/2011 • 03:06:28
Syrie : nouvelles manifestations attendues, Hama sous haute surveillance
Un organisme pour le dialo-gue national, mis en place par le régime, a appelé des opposants et des intellectuels à des consultations le 10 juil-let, pour débattre notamment d amendements prévus de la Constitution et examiner un projet de loi sur le multipar-tisme. Des centaines d habitants ont fui Hama, où 25 personnes ont été tuées en trois jours par les forces de sécurité, alors que de nouvelles mani-festations sont attendues vendredi 8 juillet contre le régime de Bachar Al-Assad. En prévision de la mobilisa-tion à travers le pays, l am-bassadeur des Etats-Unis à Damas, Robert Ford, s est rendu à Hama et compte y rester en vue des manifestati-ons, selon le département d Etat. Il a pour mission "d établir le contact" avec l op-position, selon un haut res-ponsable américain. Le ministère des affaires étrangères syrien dénonce cette présence, une incitation à "faire monter la tension". "NON AU DIALOGUE"
Les militants pro-démocratie se préparaient, vendredi, à une nouvelle mobilisation sous le slogan "Non au dia-logue". "Non au dialogue : quel dialogue alors que le sang a été versé ? Quel dia-logue alors que les villes sont assiégées ? Le peuple veut la chute du régime", écrivent les opposants sur leur page Facebook intitulée "La Révo-lution syrienne 2011". Un organisme pour le dialo-gue national, mis en place par le régime, avait appelé opposants et intellectuels à des consultations pour débat-tre d amendements prévus de la Constitution et examiner un projet de loi sur le multi-partisme. Comme tous les vendredis, après la prière, les militants d Hama, et des différentes vil-les du pays, seront mobilisés en force, déterminés à mener au bout la révolte lancée le 15 mars, malgré la répression qui a déjà fait plus de 1 300 morts. "LES TUERIES DOIVENT CESSER"
Face à la poursuite de la ré-pression sanglante de la ré-volte, le patron de l ONU, Ban Ki-moon, a estimé que "les tueries doivent cesser", alors que le chef de la diplo-matie française, Alain Juppé, a jugé "inacceptable" que le Conseil de sécurité ne puisse condamner la répression du fait de l opposition de Mos-cou. Les autorités tentent de sou-mettre Hama (210 kilomètres au nord de Damas), théâtre de manifestations massives contre le pouvoir où 25 per-sonnes ont été tuées depuis mardi par les forces de sécu-rité, selon les militants. Les chars sont toujours postés aux principales entrées de cette ville de 800 000 habi-tants, sauf à l entrée nord, mais ce sont les forces de sécurité qui procèdent aux opérations à l intérieur de ses murs, selon des militants. Deux civils ont été tués jeudi à l une des entrées de Hama. "Les forces de sécurité ont tiré sur eux les blessant aux jambes puis les ont écrasés
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avec leur véhicule. Ils ont péri en route vers l hôpital." Mais les autorités qui conti-nuent d attribuer les troubles à "des groupes terroristes" et refusent d admettre l ampleur de la contestation, ont appelé par la voix du journal Al-Watan les manifestants à éviter toute confrontation et de dégager les rues afin "d éviter une opération militai-re". BOYCOTT DES COM-MERÇANTS
Par ailleurs, les opposants ont lancé sur leur page Face-book une campagne de boy-cott "des commerçants qui soutiennent le régime assas-sin en Syrie". "Boycottez ceux qui finan-cent le régime", "Ne payez pas le prix de la balle qui est en train de nous tuer", lit-on vendredi sur cette page. Le milieu des affaires dans la capitale, Damas, et dans la deuxième ville de Syrie, A-lep, reste jusqu à présent
fidèle au régime et se garde bien de se mobiliser dans les rues comme c est le cas dans d autres régions. Les militants ont également annoncé qu ils préparaient une mobilisation, le 16 juil-let, à la frontière turque "pour les réfugiés, pour les exilés, pour les souffrances des victimes", en référence aux milliers de réfugiés syri-ens en Turquie qui ont fui les violences de leur pays les deux derniers mois.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • LE MONDE (FR) • SOCIÉTÉ • 8/7/2011 • 11:25:26
Jurés populaires et justice des mineurs : le PS saisit le Conseil constituti-onnel Les députés PS ont annoncé dans un communiqué, ven-dredi 8 juillet, leur décision de saisir le Conseil Consti-tutionnel du projet de loi sur l entrée de jurés populaires dans les tribunaux correcti-onnels et sur la refonte de la justice des mineurs. Les députés socialistes, qui dénoncent "la nouvelle tenta-tive du gouvernement de juger les mineurs délinquants comme des adultes", esti-ment que la partie du texte relative à la justice des mi-
neurs est contraire à la Cons-titution. "Les dispositions du projet de loi violent la jurispruden-ce du Conseil, qui a introduit les trois grands principes de la justice des mineurs, des juridictions spécialisées, des procédures spécifiques et un but éducatif dans le bloc de Constitutionnalité", affirme le groupe socialiste dans son communiqué. Le Parlement a définitive-ment adopté ce texte mercre-di, après un ultime vote de l
Assemblée nationale. L ob-jectif affiché est de "réduire les délais de jugement". Mais les moyens recommandés suscitent la colère des profes-sionnels, qui regrettent de ne pas avoir été consultés et craignent une remise en cau-se du principe de la primauté de l éducatif sur le répressif, instauré par l ordonnance du 2 février 1945. Lire : "Justice des mineurs : ce que prévoit la loi"
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • LE MONDE (FR) • À LA UNE • 8/7/2011 • 12:44:52
Impartialité : comment la Cour des comptes travaille
Claude Guéant et l UMP ne décolèrent pas contre la Cour
des comptes après son rap-port très critique sur la poli-
tique de sécurité de la France depuis dix ans. Soixante-dix
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députés, issus du Nouveau Centre, de l UMP et en son sein du collectif "Droite po-pulaire" ont d ailleurs écrit à Didier Migaud, premier pré-sident de la Cour des comp-tes, pour dénoncer "une for-me insidieuse de politisation" de l institution, jugeant que ce rapport soulève de "lour-des interrogations" sur ses auteurs. "Jamais une telle situation et de tels doutes sur le travail de la Cour n ont été soulevés", assurent les signa-taires, qui demandent "des mesures internes rigoureu-ses".
Les auteurs du rapport de la Cour sont-ils, comme le soupçonnait le député UMP Eric Ciotti jeudi, "des mem-bres proches de l opposition, siégeant ou ayant siégé au sein des instances dirigeantes du PS" ? Une étude plus dé-taillée met en doute cette hypothèse.
Des magistrats et rapporteurs ont effectivement été mem-bres du PS. Eric Ciotti cible des personnes précises. Outre Didier Migaud, ex-député socialiste, le parlementaire vise, selon son entourage, interrogé par Le Monde.fr, le rapporteur du document, C-hristian Martin. Cet énarque, conseiller-maître à la Cour, fut maire socialiste de Dra-guignan de 1995 à 2001, et conseiller national socialiste en charge des services pu-blics jusqu en 2008.
L entourage de M. Ciotti évoque également les cas des magistrats qui ont préparé le rapport : Alain Pichon, qui a présidé les débats dans un
premier temps, fut effective-ment chargé de mission auprès d Edith Cresson, première ministre socialiste, en 1991. Son remplaçant, Jean-Pierre Bayle, fut pour sa part sénateur PS de 1983 à 1992.
Parmi les magistrats qui ont travaillé sur le rapport, les proches du député Ciotti ci-tent encore Gérard Ganser, qui fut conseiller technique de Catherine Tasca, ministre socialiste en charge de la communication dans le gou-vernement Rocard, en 1991.
Mais tous les rapporteurs qui ont participé au rapport ne sont pas marqués à gauche. Mmes Boutereau-Tichet ou Duvillier-Courcol, respecti-vement conseillère référen-daire et première conseillère de chambre régionale des comptes, citées comme rap-porteuses, n ont semble-t-il pas d engagement partisan dans leur cursus. De fait, l essentiel des membres de la Cour ne sont pas des politi-ques mais des magistrats. Et tous prêtent serment de faire leur travail en toute impartia-lité.
Même en ramenant les cho-ses à un aspect politique, la plupart de ces magistrats ont exercé leurs fonctions sous la présidence de Philippe Sé-guin, qui a précédé M. Mi-gaud de 2004 jusqu à sa mort, en 2010, et qui fut l une des figures de la droite dans les années 1980 et 1990. Ces magistrats ont donc eu l occasion de travailler sur d autres rapports critiques, y compris envers la droite.
La Cour des comptes foncti-onne de manière collégiale. Surtout, cette attaque ignore volontairement la manière dont fonctionne la Cour des comptes. Si les rapporteurs sont chargés de finaliser le document qui sera rendu pu-blic, des dizaines de magis-trats travaillent sur un rap-port.
L institution financière que constitue la Cour établit un protocole complexe visant à assurer la plus grande collé-gialité possible à ses produc-tions. Un rapport est constru-it par un ensemble de magis-trats réunis en chambres. Pour ce document-ci, la Cour s est également appuyée sur ses chambres régionales.
Les magistrats de ces cham-bres travaillent et délibèrent de manière collégiale à toutes les étapes de l enquête puis de la rédaction. "Il y a un grand nombre de contrôles par les administrations cen-trales et les chambres régio-nales", assure-t-on Rue Cambon, au siège de l insti-tution.
Le rapport d instruction, première étape avant la Constitution d un projet de rapport public, puis du rap-port lui-même, est soumis à une autre chambre que celle qui a mené l enquête. Au sein de cette chambre, un magis-trat joue le rôle de "contre-rapporteur" et cherche donc à attaquer les éventuelles fail-les du rapport.
De même, un comité du rap-port public et des program-mes assure un suivi des pro-
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jets de rapport public avant publication. Dans ce comité siègent le premier président, le procureur général près la Cour des comptes, qui possède des pouvoirs de veto et de contrôle, et plusieurs présidents de chambre. Les étapes sont donc multiples avant la publication d un rapport de l institution, qui requiert l approbation d un ensemble de magistrats.
Le rapport est soumis à tou-tes les institutions qu il évo-que. Autre garantie de sé-rieux : la partie du "rapport d observation provisoire" qui concerne les différentes ad-ministrations citées ou mises en cause leur est systémati-quement envoyée. Celles-ci disposent de la possibilité de répondre et de contester les écrits de la Cour. Il suffit de se reporter à la fin du rapport sur la politique de la sécurité pour constater que pas un des 33 maires ou présidents de communauté d aggloméra-tion concernés et récipiendai-res du rapport ne l ont con-testé sur le fond. Pas plus d ailleurs que le garde des sce-aux, Michel Mercier.
En revanche, on y retrouve les critiques de Claude Gué-ant, à qui le rapport a été envoyé avant publication, qui conteste "un nombre impor-tant d’inexactitudes, d’erreurs d’analyse, d’oublis et d’appréciations manquant parfois d’objectivité". Il pro-teste également contre "une lecture trop systématique-ment quantitative des res-sources et des moyens dispo-nibles, en omettant la dimen-sion qualitative, qui est pour-tant devenue incontourna-ble".
Le ministre du budget (qui était alors François Baroin) a également contesté les criti-ques de la Cour sur les mo-yens alloués à la sécurité, s élevant en faux contre l idée "selon laquelle les capacités opérationnelles des forces de sécurité auraient été amoin-dries depuis 2007 du fait d un contexte budgétaire peu fa-vorable". Ces appréciations sont délivrées à la Cour avant publication du rapport public définitif. La Cour se doit de les prendre ensuite en compte avant de rendre public son rapport.
D ailleurs, observe-t-on au sein de l institution, "les cri-tiques portent sur le rapport d observation provisoire, mais pas sur l exactitude des faits exposés. Claude Guéant considère que quiconque ne dit pas la même chose que lui s expose à sa colère".Samuel Laurent
Les magistrats de la Cour s insurgent
Fait rare, les magistrats de la Cour des comptes se sont "élevés" dans un communi-qué de presse publié vendredi 8 juillet contre "certaines réactions" politiques. "Ces réactions mettent en cause l impartialité de certains ma-gistrats et rapporteurs et n hésitent pas à évoquer une politisation des travaux de la Cour", juge l association des magistrats de l institution, qui "s élève contre ces asser-tions de nature à jeter un doute sur l indépendance" de la juridiction financière.
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TJ • THE GUARDIAN (LO) • BUSINESS • 8/7/2011
Chain retailers closing 20 stores a day
About 4,000 chain-store shops shut in first five months of 2011, new study reveals
Zoe Wood
The gravity of the high street downturn is spelled out in new research published on Friday which shows UK reta-il chains have been closing stores this year at a rate of about 20 a day.
The alarming statistic comes as closing down sales at TJ Hughes s 57 department sto-res get under way. The Li-verpool-based chain went into administration last week, putting more than 4,000 jobs at risk.
The administrators, Ernst & Young, said they were hol-ding talks with more than 30 prospective buyers, but a-nalysts suggested the chain, nearly a century old, would be broken up and shops auc-tioned.
Tom Jack of Ernst & Young said they were encouraged by the level of interest in TJ Hughes, but needed to sell the mountain of unsold stock sitting in its storerooms in case a buyer failed to materi-alise.
TJ Hughes, which offered large discounts on brands such as Wrangler and LG, is just one the casualties in a bleak year for the sector as weak consumer spending has devastated the high street. The latest figures from ac-
countancy firm Pricewate-rhouseCoopers show 375 retailers went bust in the se-cond quarter of 2011, a 9% increase on the same period last year.
Its analysis, which used figu-res compiled by the Local Data Company, showed cha-in retailers were closing a-bout 4,000 stores in the first five months of this year. Specialist clothing, shoes and jewellers were the most vul-nerable types of shop. Some of that was cancelled out by the expansion of supermar-kets, pawnbrokers and coffee shops, but the national va-cancy rate is still 14.5%.
Home improvement firm Focus DIY, Habitat and fa-shion chain Jane Norman are among the high street chains to have failed in the last two months. On Wednesday the administrators of Homeform, the collapsed kitchen and bathroom showroom group, made 557 staff redundant after they failed to find a buyer for its Möben and Dolphin brands.
The sale of the Sharps Be-droom business saved 96 of its 160 showrooms from clo-sure. Homeform s adminis-trator has cautioned that un-less a white knight buyer emerges, 453 customers who paid their deposits in cash rather than by debit or credit
card – payments totalling £1.5m – would be unlikely to get a refund.
PwC said analysis of recent high-profile retail failures suggested that half of a group s stores would close as a re-sult.
A year ago, TJ Hughes was in the black. The chain made profits of £6.8m on sales of £267m in the year to 30 Ja-nuary 2010, according to the most recent set of accounts filed at Companies House. The documents show the retailer agreed a new £10m loan facility with Lloyds Banking Group that year, with a £3m repayment due in January this year.
The state-backed bank s loan was acquired by Endless in March and it has emerged that it had been sold on to GA Europe, the American restructuring specialist, whi-ch is also running the clo-sing-down sales.
Stephen Robertson, director general of the British Retail Consortium, said: "High s-treets are at the heart of local communities and economies, providing jobs and essential services, but some are in trouble. These figures are further evidence of the tough trading conditions being ex-perienced by non-food retai-lers in particular. The go-
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vernment s review of the high street must result in urgent action."
"Practical steps are needed to protect and promote our high streets so they remain attrac-tive locations where busines-ses of all kinds can thrive. This cannot be left to chan-ce." A proactive approach to
managing our town centres would benefit customers, communities, retailers and other businesses. Priorities should include keeping busi-ness rates down, deterring crime and having good, af-fordable parking and public transport.
"It s encouraging that not all regions are seeing a fall in retail premises; some have seen a net gain thanks to new stores opening. The priority must be protecting that grow-th and helping it spread to all parts of the country, boosting town centres and creating jobs."
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL PAIS (ES) • OPINIÓN • 8/7/2011
Marruecos y la nueva Constitución
ALI SALEM ISELMU
La única novedad que pode-mos resaltar de la nueva Constitución de Marruecos es la figura del nuevo presi-dente del Gobierno que sal-drá del partido más votado del Parlamento, podrá consti-tuir su propio equipo con previa consulta y acuerdo con el monarca, y presentará sus leyes y decretos a los parlamentarios para que sean aprobados.
La nueva Constitución con-solida la figura del rey como máxima autoridad religiosa, judicial y de seguridad dentro de la sociedad marroquí, con
capacidad para disolver el Parlamento e intervenir en caso de que se desate una crisis institucional.
Un verdadero cambio en Marruecos solo se conseguirá si se respeta la voluntad de los votantes a través de sus representantes electos demo-cráticamente; en eso consiste una democracia parlamenta-ria que quiera corregir sus propios problemas y avanzar en la senda reformadora.
Una verdadera democracia solo saldrá de la capacidad de la sociedad civil y su compromiso con una profun-da transición que lleve al país
hacia la consolidación de un Gobierno electo, cuyas deci-siones serán sometidas du-rante el periodo electoral al examen de las urnas.
Un poder inviolable y con capacidad de intervención en todos los asuntos del país deja poco margen a un presi-dente electo en las urnas y sometido a las exigencias de sus votantes, y sin ninguna posibilidad para negociar una solución democrática y justa al conflicto del Sáhara Occi-dental, que tantos años lleva frenando las relaciones entre marroquíes y saharauis.
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PROCURADORIA GERAL • EL PAIS (ES) • INTERNACIONAL • 8/7/2011
La Fiscalía pide la condena de 37 funcionarios de Lula
La solicitud se enmarca en el proceso conocido como mensalão , escándalo de corrupci-ón que en 2005 sacudió el Gobierno del expresidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva y que casi le costó el cargo JUAN ARIAS | Río de Ja-neiro
El fiscal general de Brasil, Roberto Gurgel, ha pedido hoy al Tribunal Supremo del país la condena de 37 de los 38 acusados en el escándalo de corrupción que en 2005 sacudió el Gobierno del ex-presidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva y que casi le costó el cargo.
Tras ser acusados de partici-par en una "cuadrilla" encar-gada de sobornar a los dipu-tados para conseguir su apo-yo en la votación de las leyes presentadas por el Gobierno, las penas solicitadas por la Fiscalía General suman 5.000 años de cárcel. De todos los imputados en el proceso, en manos del Supremo desde hace tres años, solo el exmi-nistro de Comunicación So-cial, Luiz Gusihiken, ha que-dado fuera de la lista de la Fiscalía, "por falta de prue-bas".
En el documento de 300 pá-ginas enviado por Gurgel al Supremo se afirma que el
Ministerio Público "está con-vencido de que las pruebas producidas durante la ins-trucción, junto con los ele-mentos de la investigación, comprueban la existencia del esquema de cooptación de apoyo político descrito en la denuncia".
El documento resalta que se trató de "la agresión más grave que pueda concebirse, realizada contra los valores democráticos". El escándalo conocido como mensalão -porque el soborno a los dipu-tados era mensual- fue el mayor golpe para el Partido de los Trabajadores (PT), considerado hasta entonces como el partido de la ética y que acabó involucrándose en uno de los mayores escánda-los de corrupción de la histo-ria de la democracia de Bra-sil.
Entre las 37 personas para los que la Fiscalía pide con-dena figuran personajes de primer plano de la política, casi todos del PT, que fueron protagonistas durante el pri-mer Gobierno de Lula. Entre
ellos figura el que fuera mi-nistro de la Casa Civil o Pre-sidencia, José Dirceu, consi-derado como el primer minis-tro del presidente Lula, acu-sado de haber sido el cerebro del esquema de corrupción. En el documento se mencio-na que "partiendo de una visión pragmática que siem-pre marcó su biografía, José Dirceu decidió sobornar a los parlamentares federales". Para él, Gurgel pide 111 años de cárcel.
Otro de los personajes de la lista es el actual secretario general del Partido de la Re-pública, Valdemar Costa Neto. Se trata del partido al que pertenecía el recién di-misionario ministro de Transportes, Alfredo Nasci-mento. Ahora cada uno de los 37 acusados deberá pre-sentar su defensa personal. El Supremo ya ha anticipado que necesitará aún de seis meses para preparar la rela-ción final y el voto de abso-lución o condena de los im-putados.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • FORBES.COM (US) • NEWS • 8/7/2011 • 02:38:16
News of the World to Close: What's the Real Danger Here?
Tim Worstall News International (aka Ru-pert Murdoch) is to close the News of the World over the twin investigations into pho-ne hacking and payments to police. The background to the matter can be seen here and here. Putting aside the specific woes of this specific com-pany, there’s a much larger potential problem here. As Andrew Gilligan says, this could lead to a serious threat to the freedom of the press in the UK as a whole. We don’t have anything like the First amendment to protect such freedoms meaning that it would be quite possible for this case to trigger a whole-sale rewriting of the rules. Any such rewriting would, of course, end up being to the benefit of those who write said rules, the politicians. Many politicians nurture huge grievances about that and other stories. The clear danger now is that they will see the public anger about phone hacking as their chan-ce to push through a “new and different regulatory sys-tem” making it harder to do such stories – criminalising
payments for official infor-mation, for instance. As someone who has worked as a press officer for a politi-cal party, believe me, there is real and serious hatred in the political classes for what newspapers and journalists do to them. It wouldn’t be a surprise at all to see new rule outlawing the payment for information. Having a clientele of corrupt police officers feeding you information is clearly beyond what we want any newspaper to indulge in. Yet at times payment for information will make great sense. If the Te-legraph had not been willing to pay for the information about MPs’ expenses then we would never have heard of the story. Nor would there have been wholesale reform of that expenses system, nor would several MPs be cur-rently enjoying themselves in prison for abusing that sys-tem. It is a necessary news gathe-ring tactic at times. But this scandal could open the door for this and other such, in general deplorable but at times necessary and laudable, tactics to be made illegal.
Which would be an unwel-come shift in the balance of power in favour of the State: British taxpayers with a bank account in Liechtenstein whose details were sold to HMRC will not be protected from investigation because the data in question was sto-len, lawyers said today. HMRC confirmed that it paid for a list of British account holders stolen by a former employee from a bank in the tax haven. Reports said the Revenue had paid £100,000 for the list, which is believed to contain around 100 names and could yield as much as £100 million in unpaid taxes. That State quite happily a-grees to pay for stolen infor-mation upon us. It would seem only fair that there be some mechanism by which we might be able to uncover wrongdoing by those who rule us. Yes, up to and inclu-ding paying for stolen infor-mation. After all, what our rulers may do to us in uncovering crimi-nal activity is surely some-thing we may do to our rulers in uncovering criminal acti-vity?
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • FORBES.COM (US) • NEWS • 8/7/2011 • 09:00:16
SEC Puts the Lopsided Hurt on Hertz
Bill Singer The Securities and Ex-change Commission (“SEC”) just published In the Matter of James L. Hertz, an ORDER INSTI-TUTING ADMINISTRA-TIVE PROCEEDINGS PURSUANT TO SECTI-ONS 15(b) AND 15B(c) OF THE SECURITIES EX-CHANGE ACT OF 1934, MAKING FINDINGS, AND IMPOSING REME-DIAL SANCTIONS (Secu-rities Exchange Act of 1934 Rel. # 64831, Administrati-ve Proceeding # 3-14455, July 7, 2011). Rather than be accused of paraphrasing or taking things out of con-text, let me offer you, ver-batim, the guts of the SEC’s Order: [O]n the basis of this Order and Respondent’s Offer, the Commission finds that: 1. Hertz, from 1994 through December 2007, was an em-ployee of J.P. Morgan Secu-rities Inc. (“JPMSI”), a De-laware corporation with its principal place of business in New York, New York. JPM-SI has been registered with the Commission, pursuant to Section 15(b) of the Exchan-ge Act, as a broker-dealer since 1986, and is also, pur-suant to Section 15B(a) of the Exchange Act, a registe-red municipal securities dea-ler. During the relevant time period, Hertz worked in JPMSI’s municipal derivati-ves group, in New York City,
as a vice president and mar-keter of investment agree-ments and other municipal finance contracts. In that capacity, Hertz was authori-zed to act as an agent for J.P. Morgan Chase, N.A. (“JPMC Bank”), in marketing invest-ment agreements and other municipal finance contracts. JPMC Bank is a federally-chartered bank, whose pri-mary regulator is the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency. Hertz, age 53, is a resident of Cranford, New Jersey. 2. On November 30, 2010, in United States v. James L. Hertz, Criminal No. 10-cr-1178, Hertz pled guilty to two counts of conspiracy in violation of 15 U.S.C. § 1 and 18 U.S.C. § 371, respec-tively, and to one count of wire fraud in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1343 before a Uni-ted States Magistrate Judge in the United States District Court for the Southern Dis-trict of New York; his plea allocution was subsequently accepted by the District Court on December 6, 2010. Hertz is currently scheduled to be sentenced on Septem-ber 16, 2011. 3. The criminal information to which Hertz pled guilty charged, among other things, that Hertz engaged in fraudu-lent misconduct in connecti-on with the competitive bid-ding process for the selection of the firms to provide ins-truments in which municipal issuers, in accordance with
federal tax laws and regulati-ons, temporarily invested the proceeds of tax-exempt mu-nicipal bonds. More specifi-cally, the information char-ged that, from as early as October 2001 until at least November 2006, Hertz cons-pired to allocate and rig bids for investment agreements or other municipal finance con-tracts, in violation of Section 1 of the Sherman Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1. The information further charged that, from as early as 1998 until at least November 2006, Hertz, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 371, conspired to defraud the Uni-ted States and an agency the-reof, the Internal Revenue Service of the United States Department of Treasury (“IRS”), by impeding, impai-ring, obstructing, and defea-ting the lawful government functions of the IRS in the ascertainment, computation, assessment, and collection of revenue due and owing from municipal issuers and in e-xercising its responsibilities to monitor compliance with Treasury regulations related to tax-exempt municipal bonds. In addition, the in-formation charged that, as a part and an object of the lat-ter conspiracy, Hertz and other persons devised a s-cheme and artifice to defraud municipal issuers that used a certain unnamed broker and to obtain money and property from these municipal issuers by means of false and frau-dulent pretenses, representa-
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tions and promises, namely a scheme to deprive municipal issuers of money by causing them to award investment agreements and other muni-cipal finance contracts broke-red by the unnamed broker at artificially determined or suppressed rates, and to de-prive municipal issuers that used the unnamed broker of the property right to control their assets by causing them to make economic decisions based on false and mislea-ding information, and for the purposes of executing such scheme and artifice transmit-ted and caused to be trans-mitted certain false and mis-leading information by me-ans of wire, radio or televisi-on communication in inters-tate or foreign commerce any writings, signs, signals, pic-tures or sounds, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1343. IV. In view of the foregoing, the Commission deems it appro-priate and in the public inte-rest to impose the sanctions agreed to in Respondent Hertz’s Offer. Accordingly, it is hereby ORDERED: Pursuant to Sections 15(b)(6) and 15B(c)(4) of the Ex-change Act, Respondent Hertz be, and hereby is bar-red from association with any broker, dealer, investment adviser, municipal securities dealer, municipal advisor, transfer agent, or nationally recognized statistical rating organization, and from parti-cipating in any offering of penny stock. . . Read the full Hertz Order HERE
Hertz is Hurting Okay, so, let’s see if we can agree on some basics of this matter. Hertz was a JPMSI vice pre-sident and marketer of in-vestment agreements and other municipal finance con-tracts, and authorized to act as an agent for JPMC Bank, in marketing investment a-greements and other munici-pal finance contracts. On November 30, 2010, Hertz pled guilty to two counts of conspiracy and to one count of wire fraud in connection with, among other allegati-ons, bid rigging the munici-pal bond process. In conside-ration of his guilty pleas and the underlying crimes, the SEC barred Hertz from fur-ther assocation in what is essentially the securities in-dustry. Thought Piece So — let me ask you? You think that Hertz’s punish-ment from the SEC fit his crimes? You think it’s fair that Hertz be barred from further industry affiliation for bid rigging and other anti-trust and fraud crimes? Let say, for argument’s sake, that we agree that the answer is “yes.” Fine, now for my tirade. You know how I’m always chastizing regulators and prosecutors for having dou-ble standards when it comes to how they relatively lightly they punish the misconduct of the big fish (the large fi-nancial services companies) versus how they come down on the small fry (the smaller financial firms and their in-dividual employees)? I’m
sure that given the somewhat regular drumbeat on that is-sue that emanates from my Street Sweeper column, you sometimes roll your eyes at my jeremiads. Oh no, Sin-ger’s off on another one of his rants! Fair enough. Let me step back and take a deep breath. How about you do the heavy lifting and hauling here? Please re-read my recent S-treet Sweeper column “No Time-Out for UBS. SEC Says All Is Forgiven, For Now.” (Street Sweeper, June 9, 2011) about the SEC’s kindly treatment of a request from UBS to be relieved of some of the burdensome res-trictions on its business — restrictions that would have been imposed because of UBS’s recent multi-million dollar settlement of federal charges of municipal-bond bid-rigging. Yeah, ain’t that the damndest thing? UBS was chafing un-der the collar when confron-ted by the SEC’s possible enforcement of fairly strict limits on its ability to do de-als as a result of its muni bond shenanigans. Hertz — the individual executive — he gets barred from the in-dustry. Period. End of story. UBS? Oh, well, you know how that goes. They pay set-tlement money. Of course, come to think of it, UBS is a publicly traded firm, so I guess the bucks actually co-me out of the shareholders’s pockets. Hey, minor detail. So, anyway, like I was sa-ying, the entire SEC brick wall collapses on Hertz but when it comes to a whale like
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UBS, those bricks don’t e-xactly crush the firm — it’s more like some paint splat-ters the company and then the SEC is asked to pitch in with the clean up, can you lend us a few rags and some turpentine to clean off? And, to make matters worse, it’s
not just UBS that gets this regulatory/prosecutorial sympathy. It’s virtually a tip of the hat to all the big boys down the line. After you’ve read the article linked below, tell me if you think what was good for the goose Hertz turned out to
also be good for the gander UBS. Why did Hertz gets barred by the SEC but UBS received unstrained mercy? READ: “No Time-Out for UBS. SEC Says All Is Forgi-ven, For Now.” (Street Swe-eper, June 9, 2011)
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • FORBES.COM (US) • NEWS • 8/7/2011 • 12:41:09
Your Delta Boarding Pass: More Information For Identity Thieves If you fly Delta, protect your boarding pass because it con-tains valuable information for identity thieves and other criminals. Delta allows reading and updating of TSA secure fli-ght information by using the information shown on a bo-arding pass. This information has been changed for this screen shot. Many travelers discard their boarding pass after flying. If it is subsequently recovered by thieves or potential terro-rists it can provide several pieces of critical data that could cause you a lot of trou-ble as well as affecting airli-ne security. After the recent episode with the Nigerian who managed to bypass se-curity and fly across the U.S. with a day-old boarding pass, I got to thinking about boar-ding pass security and what the TSA can do about it if they would just use their i-magination. So while at LaGuardia air-port this morning I am exa-mining my boarding pass and all the data it contains and
realize that Delta is still prin-ting the entire frequent flier number on the document. Northwest and other airlines stopped that practice years ago when they realized that it could potentially be used to compromise other informati-on in their system. Evidently Delta is not worried about it because not only is the num-ber printed but also the re-cord locator number for the reservation and of course the name of the passenger. As I began accessing Delta’s reservation system I found what I perceive as a serious threat and one that should be fixed immediately. It may also constitute a violation of federal privacy laws invol-ving the protection of Perso-nally Identifiable Information (PII). Now in Atlanta waiting for my next flight, I am sitting in the Delta lounge, intentional-ly using one of Delta’s public access computers rather than my own. I did not want to log in with my laptop becau-se my Delta frequent flyer credentials would come up
automatically and I wanted to enter their computer system without any identity. So, I go to Delta.com and click on Travel Information, Itinerary and check-in. I then enter the Record Locator number for my flight and the name on my boarding pass. The entire itinerary is displayed, inclu-ding flights I have not taken as yet. Then I click on the Update TSA Secure flight informati-on with no PIN or other secu-rity information required. Incredibly, my full name (including middle initial) is displayed together with my date of birth. That is a critical piece of information for iden-tity thieves, just like a social security number, and has been defined as PII by our government. Not only does Delta provide that informati-on, they allow the TSA in-formation to be updated. I guess passengers dates of birth can change! I test the system by changing my DOB. No problem. Un-fortunately this would also allow a fugitive or terrorist to
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fly under someone else’s name with a counterfeit ID with a different date of birth so as not to be matched by Homeland Security within their data bases. The final pieces of data were the last four digits of the cre-dit card that was used to pay for the flight, the type of card, and the amount and date of the charge. Now this may not seem relevant until you consider that some credit card and other systems au-thenticate callers by the same last four digits of the card plus the caller ID from their originating phone number.
Combine these facts with the practices of many credit card companies that provide detai-led account information by automated phone systems when you call from your home number and this can become a real threat. That is because any telephone num-ber can be easily spoofed from any phone, anywhere even though the Truth in Caller ID Act was enacted in 2009 to prevent such fraudu-lent practices As soon as I was able to ob-tain my date of birth from Delta’s web site, I notified one of the attendants in the
Delta lounge. I advised the agent that I had found a po-tentially serious security is-sue in the way Delta handles Personal Identifying Infor-mation and asked that some-one from security contact me. That was more than six hours ago. Of course, I have heard nothing. The ability for anyone that finds a boarding pass to derive personal in-formation about a passenger should never have occurred. As a passenger that has flown more than a million miles on Delta, I expected more from the world’s lar-gest airline.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • FORBES.COM (US) • NEWS • 8/7/2011 • 14:45:15
"Voluntary" Food Marketing Regs Draw Constitutional Scrutiny Martin Redish doesn’t consi-der himself a conservative, but he’s caused more anguish to liberals than Rush Lim-baugh by promoting the First amendment free-speech rights of corporations. Since his first article on the subject in 1971 (“very unpopular,” in Redish’s words) this North-western University Law S-chool professor has helped propel a revolution in legal thinking about the Constitu-tional right of corporations to say what they want. Now Redish is taking aim at proposed “voluntary” marke-ting standards that an intera-gency working group inclu-ding the Federal Trade Commission wants to apply to food processors. He calls them “intimidation of the
food industry, combined with an effort to insulate that in-timidation from judicial re-view.” A Wall Street Journal edito-rial today attacks the propo-sed regs as a stalking horse for private lawyers who will try to use them to sue food companies. This is no idle speculation: The Center for Science in the Public Inte-rest, in cooperation with pri-vate attorneys, has filed class actions against McDonalds for providing toys with Happy Meals, Safeway for falling to take the Big Bro-theresque step of checking the purchase records of shoppers in its Club Card program and notifying them of recalls, and Coca-Cola over Vitamin Water’s slogan
“vitamins + water = all you need” because it doesn’t in-clude a warning that there’s sugar in there, too. This last case, filed in 2009, has sur-vived a motion to dismiss and promises to provide lu-crative fees for a scrum of lawyers in multiple states if Coke decides to stop spen-ding money on discovery and settle. Redish’s beef with the FTC regs is more nuanced. He is a staunch supporter of appl-ying the First amendment to businesses, but not because he thinks businesses deserve the same status as living hu-mans. It’s the humans he’s worried about. By using va-rious measures including “voluntary” standards, regu-lators are trying to censor the
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information available to con-sumers. That’s OK when the censo-ring means prohibiting false advertising, but there are plenty of laws covering that fraudulent activity anyway. It’s less wholesome, Redish says, when a bureaucrat de-cides that there are some facts consumers are better off not knowing. The primary problem isn’t that corporations’ rights to speak are harmed as much as what it says about how go-vernment views its citizens. Government is seeking to control citizens’ lawful choi-ces, not on the basis of free and open debate, but rather by means of the selective suppression of one side of the debate. This is a breach of the basic liberal democra-tic social contract. Indeed, the government says in its FAQ about the volun-tary food regs, without citing any supporting evidence, that “marketing that shifts from focusing on foods that have little or no nutritional value …can have a significant im-pact on public health.” This idea of selective sup-pression was the cornerstone of the majority opinion in the recent Supreme Court case
Sorrell vs. IMS. In that deci-sion the court held unConsti-tutional a Vermont law that prohibited pharmacies from disclosing prescribing data to drug manufacturers, while allowing it to other groups. The law was designed to reduce the ability of drug companies to promote more expensive branded products to doctors and thus encoura-ge the use of cheaper gene-rics.The message, Redish says, is: Government may not keep people in the dark in an at-tempt to ensure that they make the “right” decisions—and the Court so held in a commercial speech case (I think back to my very unpo-pular 1971 article on the sub-ject, and I continue to feel more vindicated every year). Also, in the violent video game case, the Court held that children have full First amendment rights, except in narrowly defined areas, pri-marily sexual expression. You put these two cases to-gether, and there is no doubt that these regulations would be unConstitutional if adop-ted coercively. This is why I want to protect commercial speech; it isn’t primarily a-bout the corporations’ right
to speak (though that is im-portant as well); rather, it is about the government trea-ting its citizens as sheep. But the government knows that, so instead it calls them “guidelines” and contends that they are just “voluntary.” The fact that these agencies have been routinely sending endless subpoenas to mem-bers of the food industry a-bout the content of the foods it markets to kids shows that these aren’t voluntary at all. It is intimidation of the food industry, combined with an effort to insulate that intimi-dation from judicial review. When the First amendment is involved, however, the federal courts don’t buy that sort of argument. The idea of First amend-ment protection for corpora-tions was considered absurd when Redish first broached it. Now it’s settled law. Maybe he will begin to make headway with another crazy idea, that the class action is unConstitutional. So far courts have declined to ac-cept his invitation to break up a multibillion-dollar in-dustry, but revolutions in the law are always slow in co-ming.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • FORBES.COM (US) • NEWS • 8/7/2011 • 15:47:23
Should You Register For California's Amazon Tax? Californians are waking up to a new and harsher sales tax regime from Sacramento designed to capture sorely needed sales tax on online
purchases. The mechanics are likely to be tested in court. Meanwhile, they are worth noting if you are do-
ing—or want to do—business in the golden state. Register Here! Some are comparing California’s new registration rule to signing up
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for an audit. Not fun, and arguably counter-intuitive. Amazon has already said no dice, drawing a line in the Ethernet sand insisting it isn’t required to collect Cali-fornia’s tax. Like so many other “clarifi-cations” of the law, this one arguably charts new territory. Governor Brown signed ABx1 28 on June 28, 2011. It is intended to “clarify” the obligations of out-of-state retailers to collect and remit use tax on sales of tangible personal property to Califor-nia residents. The new provi-sions took effect immedia-tely. Of course, sales and use tax are almost always paid by the buyer. Yet the only effective collection mechanism is get-ting the seller to collect it. That’s where Amazon, O-verstock and the like come in. The idea is to amp up use tax registration. Because the U.S. Constituti-on prevents states taxing “interstate commerce,” no state can force an out-of-state merchant to collect or pay sales/use tax unless it has a “nexus” in the state. But Ca-lifornia’s new “We Need Money” Law may test this concept. The key “clarificati-on” is to expand California use tax registration to large out-of-state retailers previ-ously not required to collect use tax on sales to California customers. The new law specifically provides that a “retailer en-
gaged in business in this sta-te” includes: Any retailer that is a member of a commonly-controlled group and is a member of a combined reporting group that includes another member of the retailer’s commonly controlled group that, pursu-ant to an agreement with or in cooperation with the retai-ler, performs services in this state in connection with tan-gible personal property to be sold by the retailer, inclu-ding, but not limited to, de-sign and development of tan-gible personal property sold by the retailer, or the solicita-tion of sales of tangible per-sonal property on behalf of the retailer. Any retailer entering into an agreement under which a person in this state, for a commission or other conside-ration, refers potential pur-chasers of tangible personal property to the retailer, whe-ther by an Internet-based link or an Internet website, or otherwise provided that both of the following conditions are met: The retailer’s total sales of tangible personal property to California consumers that are referred pursuant to all of those agreements with a per-son(s) in California in the preceding 12 months must be in excess of $10,000. The retailer’s total sales of tangible personal property to California consumers in the
preceding 12 months must be in excess of $500,000. What if your business meets these requirements and is not registered with the California State Board of Equalization? California asks you to fill out and submit an application for a California Certificate of Registration — Use Tax to your nearest district office. You may want to consult a tax adviser first and during this process. Q&A? The SBE is trying to field questions related to this new regime, and has said it you have questions regarding these registration require-ments, you can call 916-227-6600. For more, see: Californians Prepare to Pay Amazon Sales Tax Amazon Tax Attacks California Lawmakers Ap-prove Online Sales Tax Amazon Drops California Associates To Avoid Sales Tax Sales And Use Tax in Cali-fornia Robert W. Wood practices law with Wood LLP, in San Francisco. The author of mo-re than 30 books, including Taxation of Damage Awards & Settlement Payments (4th Ed. 2009, Tax Institute), he can be reached at [email protected]. This discussion is not intended as legal advice, and cannot be relied upon for any purpose without the services of a qua-lified professional.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • FORBES.COM (US) • NEWS • 8/7/2011 • 17:26:14
Auditors and Audit Reports: Is The Firm's "John Hancock" Enough? Write long enough about an industry – especially a regu-lated, utility-like industry such as accounting – and you tend to see the same challen-ges and proposed solutions come up over and over again. The names and faces may change but calls for “reform” follow a cycle that repeats whenever a new major scan-dal occurs. Esteemed members of presti-gious panels bang pots and pans in outrage. Studies duti-fully document suggestions and strongly worded recom-mendations. Perhaps a few incremental adjustments are made, mending the tattered fabric of the business model, but rarely rethinking it or replacing it completely. Veteran public servant and litigator Jim Doty took over the reins at the Public Com-pany Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) February 1, 2011. He’s been kicking tail and taking names ever since. At least in his speeches. Given his insider status – a lengthy career with Washing-ton, D.C.-based law firm Baker Botts LLP, a stint as general counsel of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) from 1990 to 1992, and a role de-fending the PCAOB in their recent case at the U.S. Su-preme Court – he may also be working magic behind the scenes. That remains to be seen.
Doty, and his fellow PCAOB Board members, are keeping a busy travel schedule, put-ting the word out about what they do and why they do it, opening up new lands to ins-pections, holding more open meetings and, putting audi-tors on notice that changes are coming. In a speech to the Council of Institutional Investors in A-pril, Doty reiterated a rene-wed focus by the agency on investors: Embedded in the call for more information from the auditor, is a call for auditors to better serve investors. As I discussed earlier, there are many forces that prevent auditors from seeing inves-tors as their direct or even ultimate masters. Investor protection is what allows the U.S. to enjoy such economic success. Looking ahead, our audits and audit reports ought to better reflect investor needs. We are well aware of the stake that you as investors have in our success. As I said at the beginning, the Council of Institutional Investors is a powerful watchdog of the watchdogs. Keep barking. The reconstituted PCAOB has already rolled out several suggestions for reform in their first six months, inclu-ding the addition of an audi-tor’s discussion and analysis to the existing audit report, clearer language for the audit
report, mandatory auditor rotation, and greater transpa-rency for the activities of the PCAOB. (Disciplinary pro-ceedings and auditor quality critiques are private, per the Sarbanes-Oxley law.) The regulator has also been pres-sured to reveal the names of audit clients referred to when documenting audit failures in inspection reports. One perennial suggestion for improved auditor accountabi-lity and audit quality has not yet resurfaced during the Doty era. Every time a scan-dal occurs, someone eventu-ally asks the question: Why aren’t audit opinions signed by the responsible partner rather than by a faceless firm? The PCAOB approved Audi-ting Standard No. 7, Enga-gement Quality Review on July 28, 2009. They also is-sued a Concept Release on requiring the engagement partner to sign the audit re-port. The suggestion was not a new one. On October 14, 2009, the PCAOB’s Standing Advisory Group (SAG) dis-cussed the concept release and the comments that were received. Auditors have traditionally opposed individual partner signatures for audit reports arguing the engagement partner is already known to the client audit committees and partners already hold
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themselves accountable to their own own high standards of professionalism and ac-countability. Those profes-sional standards are supple-mented by mechanisms that are in place to allow third parties to hold them accoun-table. Like lawsuits. The comment period closed September 11, 2009 and boy oh boy were there a lot of comments. The audit firms arrived en masse to denounce the proposal. Jim Hamilton’s World of Securities Regula-tion had a great summary of their arguments: Ernst & Young (EY): “Re-quiring the engagement part-ner to sign the audit report would not provide apprecia-ble benefit in audit qua-lity…sufficient mechanisms are already in place to heigh-ten the engagement partner’s sense of personal accountabi-lity…supported by a firm’s system of quality control and PCAOB oversight.” PwC parroted EY: “It’s an unsupported assumption that engagement partners, as a class, need to have an increa-sed sense of accountability to achieve improved audit qua-lity…signing the audit report in the firm’s name reflects the reality that the quality of an audit depends on the competence of many people at the firm, as well as the firm’s quality controls…SEC can enforce the securities laws against auditors…” The SAG discussion of the concept release in October 2009 highlighted that previ-ous panels and studies had raised the suggestion before,
the objections were always the same, and nothing ever came of it. The SEC put to-gether a group in 2008 to streamline financial reporting that touched on audit indus-try issues. The Treasury’s Advisory Committee on the Auditing Profession (ACAP), a panel formed after the En-ron scandal, also delivered recommendations in early 2008. Gaylen Hansen: During the Treasury Committee procee-dings and the testimony, the investors felt very, very s-trongly about this…We’ve been over these arguments. I didn’t hear any new argu-ments in the comment letters that we’ve heard during the testimony that came before ACAP or in the discussion that we had last year, or maybe it was the last SAG meeting, on this particular issue. But we’ve been doing what we have for the last hundred years… The Concept Release on Re-quiring the Engagement Partner to Sign the Audit Report is still on the PCAOB standards setting docket. No further public action has been taken on it since 2009. Under the Companies Act of 2006, effective for the whole of the United Kingdom, audi-tors must sign audit opinions in their own name, for and on behalf of the firm, effective with fiscal years starting after April 6, 2008. Since that ti-me, the accounting profes-sion in the U.K. has neither fallen apart nor have indivi-dual partners been attacked by bloodthirsty packs of pit-
chfork-wielding, post-crisis investors. There should be some signi-ficant debate, however, about whether mere auditor signa-tures had any impact on audi-tor accountability and audit quality in the U.K.. Testi-mony in the House of Lords revealed audit firms were very reluctant to issue going concern warnings for U.K. financial institutions that failed or were bailed out or nationalized, going so far to say they were asked to “stand down” by government offici-als. However, we saw the leaders of the largest global audit firms testifying before members of Parliament not the individual audit partners of Royal Bank of Scotland, Lloyd’s, and others. When regulators focus on a limited requirement for indi-vidual auditors to sign audit reports, they risk hearing the same old arguments – and encountering the same old obstacles to reform. More useful, I think, is a bro-ader initiative that speaks to the investor’s need to know who is performing the audit and other critical consulting engagements at companies they own. In addition, cus-tomers for professionals ser-vices, including Audit Com-mittees, have no comprehen-sive or effective way of vet-ting accounting firm partners assigned to the audit, tax, and key risk and compliance ac-tivities at their companies. It’s common for the accoun-ting firms to keep partners on the payroll while under sanc-tions with the SEC until they are reinstated. It’s not unrea-
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sonable for financial services and insurance companies to want to know if the partners proposed for their engage-ment or rotated onto their audit were responsible for some of the major audit fai-lures of the crisis era. It’s investors and their represen-tatives – the Audit Commit-tees – right and responsibility to know if the partner assig-ned to their engagement has been or still is under sanction by the SEC or PCAOB.
I propose a clearinghouse at the SEC that maintains the list of all key public accoun-ting firm partners assigned to audit, tax, internal audit, and risk and compliance enga-gements at all public compa-nies. This database would also contain resumes, inclu-ding prior clients served, licenses, certifications and other credentials, as well as up to date information about whether that partner has been named in disciplinary proce-edings or litigation.
Auditors, and their firms, may claim that this is preju-dicial or could discourage an honest, hardworking partner from working on difficult or problematic engagements. I might ask: What are audit firms hiding? Don’t investors, and Audit Committees, have a right to know everything about the men and women they’re counting on to provide multi-million dollar audit opinions?
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • LE FIGARO (FR) • ACTUALITÉ • 8/7/2011 • 13:17:00
Polémique autour d'un prof gay licencié La direction de l école privée alsacienne qui a écarté un enseignant en raison de son homosexualité s est étonnée aujourd hui que le Défenseur des droits Dominique Baudis l ait accusée publiquement d avoir commis une "discrimi-nation flagrante", sans l avoir entendue au préalable.Hier, M. Baudis était intervenu dans la polémique concer-nant Cyril Couderc, écarté de son emploi d instituteur lors-que son employeur a appris qu il vivait en couple avec son compagnon. "On va évi-demment intervenir parce que là on est dans un cas de discrimination flagrante", avait dit sur Europe 1 le nou-veau Défenseur des droits, dont les services ont été sai-sis cette semaine par M. Couderc.
Aujourd hui, la direction de l école Daniel de Guebwiller (Haut-Rhin), un établisse-ment privé hors contrat, géré par une association protes-tante évangélique, a fait part dans un communiqué de sa "surprise" après cette inter-vention de M. Baudis. "Il est pour le moins surprenant que le "Défenseur des droits" puisse ainsi, sans avoir en-tendu les deux parties et sans disposer de toutes les pièces du dossier, porter un juge-ment aussi grave à l encontre de notre établissement", s insurge l école. "Compte tenu de son expé-rience passée, le Défenseur des droits sait l importance de la présomption d innocen-ce", ajoute l école, en réfé-rence à l affaire Alègre, dans laquelle M. Baudis avait été
mis en cause à tort, en 2003, pour viol et proxénétisme. "Dans ce dossier sensible que certains voudraient instru-mentaliser, il importe d a-vancer avec mesure et sans parti-pris", conclut l école Daniel. Cyril Couderc, qui a enseig-né pendant dix ans dans cette école, en a été écarté en sep-tembre dernier, dans le cadre d une rupture conventionnel-le de contrat (à l amiable). L école, qui accorde une large place à l étude de la Bible, affirme "respecter le choix de vie des homosexuels", mais demande aux enseignants "une cohérence entre ce qu ils vivent et ce qu ils enseig-nent".
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR •
LE FIGARO (FR) • ACTUALITÉ • 8/7/2011 • 14:40:00
Exécution/Texas: Clinton "déçue" La secrétaire d Etat améri-caine Hillary Clinton est "dé-çue" que l Etat du Texas ait procédé à l exécution contes-tée d un Mexicain qui a tou-jours nié les accusations de viol et de meurtre d une ado-lescente, a indiqué aujourd hui la porte-parole de la di-plomatie américaine.Mme Clinton "est vraiment déçue", a déclaré à des journalistes la porte-parole du département d Etat, Victoria Nuland. Malgré les demandes répété-es de sursis de la Maison Blanche et du gouvernement mexicain, l Etat du Texas
(sud) a procédé hier à l exé-cution de Humberto Leal à la prison de Huntsville. La Haut commissaire de l ONU aux droits de l homme Navi Pillay a estimé ce mê-me jour que les Etats-Unis ont violé les lois internatio-nales en procédant à l exécu-tion. Elle "met les États-Unis dans une situation de violation du droit international", a déclaré Mme Pillay dans un commu-niqué. "Ce que l État du Texas a fait est, dans ce cas, du ressort du droit américain et engage la
responsabilité internationale des Etats-Unis", a déploré la chef des droits de l homme de l ONU qui se trouve actu-ellement en visite à Mexico. "Je suis très déçue que ni la Commission des grâces et libertés conditionnelles du Texas ni le gouverneur n aient pris les mesures qui s offraient à eux pour empê-cher cette violation des obli-gations des États-Unis en vertu du droit international", a-t-elle insisté.
STF • PROCURADORIA GERAL • MINISTÉRIO PÚBLICO • PORTUGAL DIGITAL (PT) • NOTÍCIAS • 8/7/2011 • 21:24:00
Mensalão: Advogado de Genoino nega participação do cliente no mensa-lão Brasília - O advogado Luiz Fernando Pacheco, defensor do ex-presidente do PT José Genoino, disse, sexta-feira, que ainda não teve acesso às alegações do Ministério Pú-blico Federal, informa a agência Brasil. Ele disse que soube, pelos jornais, que o procurador-geral da República, Rober-to Gurgel, encaminhou ao Supremo Tribunal Federal
(STF) o pedido de prisão de 36 réus envolvidos no cha-mado mensalão, esquema de pagamento de propina a par-lamentares em troca de apoio ao governo, denunciado no governo Lula. O ex-deputado José Genoino é um dos réus. Argumentando que conhece bem o caso, Pacheco negou que seu cliente tenha cometi-do crimes. Segundo ele, na época, Genoino era o presi-
dente do PT, onde exercia funções estritamente políti-cas, e por isso, claro, manti-nha relações tanto com a base partidária quanto com parlamentares de outros par-tidos. ”E não existe um indi-cativo sequer de qualquer esquema espúrio ou ilegal que possa envolvê-lo em atos de corrupção ativa ou forma-ção de quadrilha”.
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TJ • PORTUGAL DIGITAL (PT) • NOTÍCIAS • 8/7/2011 • 11:21:00
Milhares de metalúrgicos fazem manifestação em Diadema
Protesto em defesa do em-prego e da indústria reúne metalúrgicos na Via Anchie-ta.Da Redação, com agência São Paulo – Milhares de me-talúrgicos participam nesta sexta-feira (8) de um protes-to, em Diadema, região me-tropolitana de São Paulo, em defesa do emprego e da in-dústria nacional. Eles ocu-pam as cinco faixas da pista
local da Via Anchieta, que liga a capital à Baixada San-tista. A manifestação foi organiza-da pelos sindicatos dos Meta-lúrgicos de São Paulo e do ABC Paulista. Além de co-brar do governo medidas para a proteção da indústria nacional, eles reivindicam investimentos em tecnologia e inovação, a redução da taxa
básica de juros e políticas de qualificação profissional. Os sindicatos devem ser mul-tados por ocupar a via. Uma decisão da 3ª Vara Cível do Tribunal de Justiça de São Paulo proíbe a utilização das faixas da Anchieta, sob pena de receberem multa diária de R$ 1 milhão.
STF • CEZAR PELUSO • PROCURADORIA GERAL • PORTUGAL DIGITAL (PT) • NOTÍCIAS • 8/7/2011 • 13:29:00
Procurador-geral encaminha alegações finais do mensalão ao STF Da Redação, com agência Brasília – O procurador-geral da República, Rober-to Gurgel, encaminhou quin-ta-feira (7) ao Supremo Tri-bunal Federal (STF) as ale-gações finais do Ministério Público sobre a Ação Penal 470, que denuncia 38 réus envolvidos no esquema do mensalão. Inicialmente eram 40 réus, mas não estão mais no processo Sílvio Pereira, que fez acordo com o Minis-tério Público, e José Janene, que faleceu.
Nem a assessoria da Procu-radoria-Geral da Repúbli-ca (PGR) nem a assessoria do STF confirmam o teor do parecer divulgado pela im-prensa. De acordo com o jornal Folha de S.Paulo, Gurgel pede a condenação de 36 réus. Ele teria retirado da denúncia original o ex-secretário de Comunicação Luiz Gushiken e Antônio Lamas, ex-assessor do depu-tado Valdemar Costa Neto. De acordo com a assessoria do STF, não há sigilo no
processo e é possível ter a-cesso ao parecer de Gurgel, desde que o pedido seja auto-rizado pelo ministro planto-nista, no caso, o presidente Cezar Peluso. Quando a PGR pede que acusados sejam inocentados no meio do processo, cabe ao STF decidir se arquiva ou não as acusações. Depois das alegações finais do Ministé-rio Público, os réus terão 30 dias para apresentar defesa. Somente após isso o relator irá elaborar o voto.
STF • PROCURADORIA GERAL • MINISTÉRIO PÚBLICO • PORTUGAL DIGITAL (PT) • NOTÍCIAS • 8/7/2011 • 17:24:00
Procurador da República diz que investigações comprovaram existência do "mensalão" Brasília – O procurador-geral da República, Rober-
to Gurgel, afirma que o Mi-nistério Público Federal
está plenamente convencido de que as provas produzidas
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no curso da investigação comprovaram a existência do mensalão, esquema crimino-so voltado para a obtenção de apoio político no Congresso Nacional durante o governo Lula. “Trata-se da mais grave a-gressão aos valores democrá-ticos que se possa conceber. No momento em que a cons-ciência do representante elei-to pelo povo é corrompida em razão do recebimento de dinheiro, a base do regime democrático é irremediavel-mente ameaçada”, diz Gurgel nas alegações finais sobre a Ação Penal 470, que denun-cia 38 réus envolvidos no esquema do mensalão. O parecer final, com 390 páginas, foi encaminhado quinta-feira (7) ao Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF). Inicialmente eram 40 réus, mas não estão mais no pro-cesso Sílvio Pereira, que fez
acordo com o Ministério Pú-blico, e José Janene, que fa-leceu. Gurgel pede a condenação de 36 réus, entre eles, o ex-ministro da Casa Civil José Dirceu; o ex-tesoureiro do PT Delúbio Soares; o ex-presidente do PT José Ge-noino; o suposto operador do mensalão, Marcos Valério; a ex-presidente do Banco Ru-ral Kátia Rabello e o deputa-do Valdemar Costa Neto (PR-SP). O procurador-geral retirou da denúncia original o ex-secretário de Comunica-ção Social Luiz Gushiken e Antônio Lamas, ex-assessor do deputado Valdemar Costa Neto. De acordo com o Ministério Público, o grupo agiu ininter-ruptamente no período entre janeiro de 2003 e junho de 2005 e era dividido em nú-cleos específicos. Em agosto de 2007, o STF recebeu a
denúncia quanto aos crimes de formação de quadrilha, corrupção passiva, corrupção ativa, lavagem de dinheiro, gestão fraudulenta, peculato e evasão de divisas. Para Gurgel, a gravidade dos delitos impõe, como conse-quência, punição adequada aos réus pelos crimes come-tidos. “É relevante a aplica-ção da pena de perda de car-go, função pública ou man-dato eletivo e a cassação de aposentadoria dos réus servi-dores públicos”. Quando a Procuradoria-Geral da República pede que acusados sejam inocen-tados no meio do processo, cabe ao STF decidir se ar-quiva as acusações. Depois das alegações finais do Mi-nistério Público, os réus terão 30 dias para apresentar defe-sa. Somente após isso o rela-tor irá elaborar o voto.
STF • PROCURADORIA GERAL • PORTUGAL DIGITAL (PT) • NOTÍCIAS • 8/7/2011 • 19:25:00
Mensalão: José Dirceu diz que é vítima de farsa São Paulo – O advogado José Luiz de Oliveira, que defen-de o ex-ministro da Casa Civil José Dirceu, classificou como “peça de ficção” o pa-recer do procurador-geral da República, Roberto Gurgel, sobre o escândalo do mensalão. O procurador pe-diu a condenação de José Dirceu e mais 35 réus envol-vidos no escândalo, um su-posto esquema de distribui-ção propina para líderes par-tidários em troca de apoio ao
governo do presidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. Para o advogado, “não há, no processo, nenhuma prova, nenhum fato, nenhuma cir-cunstância que incrimine o ex-ministro”. Ele está con-vencido de que o Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) irá absolver José Dirceu. No blog que mantém na in-ternet, o ex-ministro reafir-mou inocência e disse que aguarda o julgamento com “serenidade". Em comentário
postado após a divulgação do parecer da Procuradoria-Geral da República, Dirceu escreveu: “Sei que, ao final desse doloroso processo, se imporá a Justiça e cairá por terra a farsa montada contra mim”. Dirceu agradeceu, ao final da nota, as manifestação de a-poio que ele diz receber de amigos, militantes e até de cidadãos comuns: “Brasilei-ros que não concordam com o achincalhamento público
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que tenho sofrido nos últi-mos seis anos”. As informa-
ções são da ABr.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • ULTIMA HORA.COM (PY) • POLÍTICA • 8/7/2011
Tuma alaba fallo y habla de extorsión
El diputado colorado Óscar Tuma aseguró ayer que el Tribunal Superior de Justicia Electoral (TSJE), se ganó la confianza de la ciudadanía ante los intentos de presiones y chantajes por parte del ovi-edismo.Fue en relación al fallo emitido por la instituci-ón electoral, que no dio lugar al pedido de Unace sobre las bancas de Óscar Tuma, Víc-tor Yambay y Artemio Barri-os. "Quienes creen que con lla-madas pueden cambiar los designios del país, se equivo-can", señaló el diputado. Fue en alusión directa a las supu-
estas presiones que el presi-dente del Senado, Jorge Ovi-edo Matto, pretendía ejercer sobre los ministros del TSJE. Tuma habló también de las llamadas que Lino Oviedo, líder de Unace, estuvo haci-endo antes de que los minis-tros del TSJE emitieran sus fallos. La Justicia Electoral, según el parlamentario, logró pre-servar la institucionalidad y el cumplimiento de la Cons-titución Nacional, no haci-endo caso "a los pretendidos actos de chantaje".
Expresó además que recibió las felicitaciones inclusive de parlamentarios oviedistas. DEFENSA. Ante lo expresa-do por Tuma, el diputado oviedista José López Chávez reaccionó diciendo que Lino Oviedo hizo mucho por los ahora exintegrantes de Una-ce. "Sus bancas se las deben a Lino Oviedo y eso no pueden negarlo", señaló. López Chávez indicó que el papá de uno de los diputados disidentes fue hasta Oviedo para pedirle perdón por la actuación de su hijo. No es-pecificó quién.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • ULTIMA HORA.COM (PY) • POLÍTICA • 8/7/2011
Agrio debate en el Parlamento
Tras conocerse la decisión de los ministros del Tribunal Superior de Justicia Electoral (TSJE), de que las tres ban-cas son de los legisladores Óscar Tuma, Víctor Yambay y Artemio Barrios, y no del Unace, las discusiones subie-ron de tono entre estos par-lamentarios y los oviedistas. El legislador Artemio Barri-os, exoviedista, apuntó hacia el presidente del Senado, Jorge Oviedo Matto, a quien
calificó como alguien que no maneja la Constitución Na-cional. "No merece presidir el Congreso Nacional", señaló. Habló de las presiones que hubo hacia los tres ministros del TSJE, para que finalmen-te beneficien a Lino Oviedo en la puja por las bancas. Incluso mencionó supuestas llamadas telefónicas por par-te de Oviedo Matto a los al-tos magistrados electorales.
Indicó que el presidente del Senado intentó manipular a los ministros para violar abi-ertamente la Constitución Nacional. "Constatamos la talla moral de los ministros que hicieron cumplir la Carta Magna", refirió el legislador. Acusó al líder de Unace de practicar el nepotismo en el mismo partido. INTENTO. Para el diputado del Unace Ariel Oviedo, el
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fallo del TSJE no sorprende, pero estarán analizando con asesores jurídicos la posibili-dad de llevar el caso a otras instancias.
El único lugar donde el Una-ce puede apelar la decisión de los ministros electorales es en la Corte Suprema de Justicia.
"Hay antecedentes y por eso estamos en ello", dijo el par-lamentario que pasó a filas de la ANR.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • ULTIMA HORA.COM (PY) • POLÍTICA • 8/7/2011
Morales dice que el país no castiga el transfuguismo
Juan Manuel Morales, vice-presidente del Tribunal Supe-rior de Justicia Electoral, afirmó que "nuestro país no castiga lo que en doctrina se conoce como transfuguis-mo". Dijo que esta es la figu-ra que se plantea en el expe-diente, en el cual, el Partido Unace reclamaba a los dipu-tados Óscar Tuma, Artemio Barrios y Víctor Yambay, la devolución de sus bancas.El pleito se produjo porque los tres diputados fueron electos por la lista del Unace y pasa-ron al Partido Colorado. El TSJE dio a conocer ayer, oficialmente, el contenido de su fallo. Según la sentencia, definitivamente, la banca ocupada por los diputados corresponde a ellos y no al partido. Los tres miembros del TSJE, Alberto Ramírez Zambonini (presidente), Juan Manuel Morales (vicepresidente) y Modesto Monges, votaron por el rechazo de la demanda del Unace, aunque el funda-mento de Monges fue dife-rente al de sus colegas. El Unace pidió al TSJE que declare la pérdida de investi-dura de los tres diputados mencionados.
Ramírez Zambonini y Mora-les explicaron que la pérdida de investidura solamente puede producirse por viola-ción del régimen de inhabili-dades e incompatibilidades, previstas en la Constitución; y el uso indebido de influen-cias, fehacientemente com-probado. Otra forma de re-mover a un diputado es por incapacidad física o mental declarada por la Corte Su-prema de Justicia, explica-ron. Ambos sustentaron sus votos en los artículos 201 y 190, entre otros, de la Constituci-ón, que se refieren a los te-mas señalados precedente-mente. Además, explicaron que el Unace fundamenta su pedido de pérdida de investidura en la renuncia de los tres dipu-tados a su partido y, subraya-ron que la Constitución ni la ley dice que la misma sea causal para privarlo de sus cargos. MORALES AGREGA. Mo-rales, que se adhirió al voto de Ramírez, amplió los fun-damentos y, aparte de desta-car que nuestro país no casti-ga el "transfuguismo" afirma que cada diputado, una vez electo, es libre.
Coincide con Ramírez en señalar que la Carta Magna prohíbe el mandato imperati-vo y que un legislador, una vez electo, representa a la nación entera y no al partido. Morales incluso recordó "el viejo principio liberal menta-do ya desde la revolución francesa", del mandato libre para la actuación en el Con-greso. Por su parte Monges, de ori-gen oviedista, demostró su libertad de decisión y sostuvo que la Justicia Electoral es incompetente para aplicar la perdida de investidura y re-comendó que el pedido sea analizado y resuelto en la Cámara de Diputados. Expli-có que si el TSJE juzga el caso, sería una intromisión de este organismo en la inde-pendencia y autonomía del Poder Legislativo. NO HAY PENA APLICA-BLE A LOS DIPUTADOS Las penas que se aplican a una persona deben estar esta-blecidas con anterioridad al hecho que se produce. En el caso de los diputados, que renunciaron al Unace y pasa-ron al Partido Colorado, nin-guna ley establece el castigo por este hecho; por lo tanto, no se le puede aplicar pena
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alguna, explicó el vocero del TSJE, Carlos María Ljubetic. Ljubetic se encargó, ayer, de dar a conocer la copia de la resolución Nº 36/2011, del TSJE, sobre el conflicto por las bancas en Diputados. La demanda había presenta-do el abogado Aarón Hermi-nio Ruiz Díaz Rolón, en re-presentación del Partido U-nace. En la resolución consta el dictamen de la fiscala electo-ral, Norma Cristaldo, que había recomendado al TSJE rechazar la demanda, justa-
mente, porque no existía nin-guna ley que castigue a un diputado por haber renuncia-do a su partido, durante el ejercicio del cargo. Ljubetic destacó que los mi-nistros del TSJE respetaron el principio de legalidad, según el cual, un tribunal, para aplicar una sanción o cercenar un derecho, debe contar con una norma expre-sa, previo al hecho, que esta-blezca las penas. Explicó que en el caso de marras, el Partido Unace pidió que se declare la pérdi-
da de investidura de los dipu-tados Artemio Barrios, Óscar Tuma y Víctor Yambay, por-que renunciaron a su partido, y que el TSJE no encontró sustento legal para dar curso favorable a la petición. Los mencionados diputados actualmente forman parte del movimiento interno de la ANR, denominado Honor Colorado, liderado por el empresario, deportista y polí-tico, Horacio Cartes.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • ULTIMA HORA.COM (PY) • POLÍTICA • 8/7/2011
Diputados envían al JEM a juez que avaló la ocupación
La Cámara de Diputados aprobó ayer la acusación contra el juez de Paz de Ñacunday, Marcos Martínez, por supuesto mal desempeño en sus funciones, y remitió sus antecedentes al Jurado de Enjuiciamiento de Magistra-dos (JEM).Se trata del juez que ordenó que los campesi-nos de la comisión vecinal Santa Lucía de Ñacunday ocupen una propiedad priva-da objeto de mensura judici-al, dando por hecho la exis-tencia de un excedente im-portante de tierra. La argumentación del juez de Paz fue que de esa manera se evitaría que personas agre-miadas en otras comisiones se adelanten y ocupen la pro-piedad solicitada por otra gente. Los campesinos autodenomi-nados sintierra hicieron caso
al oficio librado por Martí-nez, ocupando las tierras situadas en el distrito de Ñacunday, Alto Paraná. EL OFICIO. El juez no solo ordenó la entrada de las fa-milias a la propiedad privada. También comunicó la insta-lación de puestos de control en distintos puntos "para proteger el excedente encon-trado en la mensura judicial". Solicitó además, al jefe de la comisaría del mencionado distrito, el resguardo de las familias ocupantes, para evi-tar que surjan conflictos. A raíz de las resoluciones del juez Martínez, se generó una polémica de alcance binacio-nal, debido a la preocupación por parte del mismo Gobier-no de Brasil por las ocupa-ciones de propiedades perte-necientes a colonos brasi-guayos.
Por tal motivo, el juez de Primera Instancia Hugolino Bogado declaró la nulidad absoluta de la medida adop-tada por el juez de Paz de Ñacunday, y ordenó el levan-tamiento de los puestos de control. A pesar de ello, los campesi-nos de la comisión Santa Lucía de Ñacunday se niegan a abandonar la propiedad, alegando además la existen-cia de un excedente no com-probado aún de tierra. Invo-can los nombres de políticos como sus principales "padri-nos". En la Cámara Baja casi no hubo oposición a la resoluci-ón contra el juez Martínez. Solo el diputado Víctor Ríos pidió que el tema pase a Co-misión. EXIGEN CUMPLIMIENTO
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Además de la acusación con-tra el juez de Paz de Ñacunday, los diputados a-probaron dos proyectos de resolución sobre las ocupa-ciones registradas en el sur de Alto Paraná. Exigieron al Poder Ejecutivo que dé cumplimiento irres-tricto al artículo 109 de la Constitución Nacional, que
garantiza la protección de la propiedad privada. Además, que el presidente de la República, Fernando Lu-go, mediante las institucio-nes, cumpla con la orden de desalojo, emanada por el Juzgado de Primera Instancia de Iruña, a cargo del juez Osmar Vallejos Cárdenas. Instan también al Ejecutivo a tomar las medidas necesarias
ante la situación que se vive en Ñacunday, Alto Paraná, con la ocupación por parte de un grupo de campesinos de una propiedad de colonos brasileños. Los diputados también aprobaron un pedido de informe al Indert para que detalle su actuar en el polé-mico caso.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • ULTIMA HORA.COM (PY) • POLÍTICA • 8/7/2011
MINISTRA MÓDICA ENCABEZA INVESTIGACIÓN
La ministra de la Corte Su-prema de Justicia Gladys Bareiro de Módica es la res-ponsable de investigar los registros y determinar la mensura judicial de las tier-ras que están en litigio en el
departamento de Alto Para-ná.El presidente Fernando Lugo se comunicó ayer con el fiscal Rubén Candia Ama-rilla y el presidente de la Corte, Luis María Benítez Riera.
Los responsables de la comi-sión interinstitucional prome-tieron acelerar el proceso de verificación de los registros de la propiedad.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • ULTIMA HORA.COM (PY) • POLÍTICA • 8/7/2011
La Corte se involucra desde hoy en pelea por títulos de Ñacunday
Los ministros de la Corte Suprema de Justicia (CSJ), Sindulfo Blanco y Víctor Manuel Núñez, estarán reu-nidos, desde las 9.00, en San-ta Rita, con productores y campesinos que tengan con-flictos referentes al terreno reclamado por el empresario sojero Tranquilo Fave-ro.Ambos magistrados de la Corte son superintendentes de la Circunscripción Judici-al del Alto Paraná y Canin-deyú, junto con la ministra Gladys Bareiro de Módica.
El intendente municipal de Santa Rita, Concepción Ro-dríguez, presidente de la A-sociación de Municipalidades del Alto Paraná (Amualpa), confirmó que la reunión será en el salón auditorio de la Junta de Saneamiento local, ubicada en el centro urbano de la mencionada localidad. Para la misma están convo-cados todos los productores y colonos, además de otros sectores que tengan algún problema judicial con su tier-ra, tanto de la zona sur, como del norte del departamento.
El objetivo es tratar de dar una solución a los conflictos con respecto a la doble titu-lación de tierras en la zona de Ñacunday, que genera un enfrentamiento entre varios sectores. CONFLICTO. El caso es que a raíz del enfrentamiento, los distritos de Ñacunday, Santa Rita y Santa Rosa tuvieron que ser declarados en estado de emergencia por las ocupa-ciones de las tierras. Es que existieron órdenes contradictorias, por un lado, el juez de Paz de Ñacunday,
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Marcos Martínez, autorizó el ingreso de varias personas, mientras que, por otro lado, existe una orden de desalojo firmado por el juez en lo Ci-vil y Comercial de Iruña, Hugolino Bogado Medina. Toda esta situación se genera a partir de las irregularidades en los títulos, ya que existen varios duplicados de los
mismos en la Dirección Ge-neral de los Registros Públi-cos. Hay acusaciones mutuas al respecto. SUPERINTENDENTE. Pre-cisamente, con respecto a las órdenes contrarias de parte de los magistrados, ÚH con-sultó al superintendente de Justicia, Rafael Monzón, si
es que se tomaría o no alguna acción. El mismo explicó que al ser una cuestión jurisdiccional es la misma Corte Suprema de Justicia, o en su caso el Jura-do de Enjuiciamiento de Ma-gistrados (JEM), el que tiene potestad, ya que él sólo pue-de investigar hechos admi-nistrativos o disciplinarios.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • ABC COLOR (PY) • POLÍTICA • 8/7/2011
Para juez, Zuni no pidió réplica en forma
El juez Manuel Aguirre dio a conocer ayer el fallo escrito en el que absolvió a la perio-dista de ABC Sandra López, querellada por calumnia y difamación por la ex modelo Zuni Castiñeira.El magistra-do aduce que la afectada nunca pidió su derecho a réplica -que debía partir de la misma-, ya que solo envió dos telegramas colacionados. Aguirre refirió, junto con otros aspectos en los que ratifica la libertad de prensa, opinión e investigación, que la querella afirmó que la au-tora le privó del derecho a réplica y afirmó que dicho extremo se hallaba probado por sendos telegramas cola-cionados dirigidos al diario ABC Color. “En este caso, no se puede calificar a sen-dos telegramas colacionados
como una prueba que tanto la editora y la autora se negaron a conceder dicho derecho, más bien el documento tele-gráfico revela una exigencia con cláusula de acción judi-cial”, refirió el juez. Argumentó que el artículo 14 de la Ley Nº 1/89, que apru-eba la Convención Interame-ricana de Derechos Humanos o Pacto de San José de Costa Rica, junto con el artículo 28 de la Constitución Nacional, establecen que es “de carác-ter operativo y no programá-tico” que una persona afecta-da por una publicación falsa, distorsionada o ambigua exi-ja “su rectificación o su acla-ración por el mismo medio y en las mismas condiciones que haya sido divulgada, sin perjuicio de los derechos compensatorios”.
Agrega: “Generalmente a los efectos aclaratorios, el afec-tado dirige una carta al direc-tor del diario peticionando el derecho a réplica o se consti-tuye en el espacio físico del medio a solicitar que se pu-blique su versión”. El juez destacó que prima “el interés público sobre el parti-cular”, debido a que la inves-tigación realizada por la pe-riodista afectaba intereses de un ente estatal (Copaco) y una firma ligada a Zuni (GAV), y el artículo por el cual se querelló fue una sín-tesis y opinión periodística en torno a esa investigación. Puede leer el fallo completo aquí: http://archivo.abc.com.py/descargables/sd-sandra-lopez262.pdf
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • ABC COLOR (PY) • POLÍTICA • 8/7/2011
Vía libre para la imposición de medidas
El Tribunal de Alzada deter-minó ayer el rechazo de una “aclaratoria” planteada por los abogados Alvaro Arias y Guillermo Weiler contra la resolución Nº 148 de fecha 22 de junio de 2010. Soares logró que por un año la Sala Penal de la Corte Suprema no se expida sobre la recusación del camarista Agustín Lovera Cañete. Fi-nalmente, la máxima instan-cia se expidió en el sentido de que la recusación sea ana-lizada por los colegas de Lo-vera, José Waldir Servín y
Emiliano Rolón, quienes la semana pasada rechazaron el pedido de apartamiento y el fallo quedó firme. La “jugada” de la defensa fue plantear la recusación de Lovera en esta misma “acla-ratoria”, que ahora destraba el proceso para la audiencia de imposición de medidas, que debe ser fijada por el juez Pedro Mayor Martínez. Lo particular del caso es que Soares ya tuvo su audiencia preliminar, donde logró crite-rio de oportunidad con rela-ción a un delito acusado
(producción de documentos no auténticos), sobreseimien-tos definitivos y un provisio-nal (lesión de confianza), al que se le dio trámite de opo-sición. Para algunos, resulta casi innecesario que se le impongan medidas a esta altura. Sin embargo, la Cámara se expidió por la aclaratoria pendiente. Dejó sentado que la declaración indagatoria de un imputado es un medio de “descargo” y que no hacía falta para la aplicación de medidas restrictivas.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • ABC COLOR (PY) • POLÍTICA • 8/7/2011
Coroneles procesados por despojo de plus salarial, aún sin condena A poco más de un año, aún no hay ningún condenado en el caso del robo de sobresu-eldos a instructores del CI-MOE. Varios de los corone-les acusados como responsa-bles devolvieron parte del dinero que habrían despojado a los instructores y lograron salvarse de la cárcel. El mayor Gabriel Gabaglio encabeza el grupo de milita-res procesados por el caso CIMOE que en julio del año pasado acudieron a declarar ante la Justicia Militar. En junio del año pasado el subo-ficial Américo E. Carballo Valdez, hastiado del despojo del plus salarial que sufrían los instructores del Curso de Comandos de Operaciones
Especiales (CIMOE), depen-diente de Tropas Especiales del Ejército (TEE), con asi-ento en Cerrito, Villa Hayes, denunció el hecho ante la Justicia Militar, que motivó el procesamiento y arresto, por un tiempo, de varios co-roneles. Como consecuencia de la denuncia, fueron desti-tuidos el Cnel. Ramón de la Cruz Martínez Rojas y el mayor Gabriel Gabaglio, jefe e intendente girador, respec-tivamente, de las TEE. Además fueron procesados 18 militares, entre los cuales están los coroneles José Al-cides Lugo Acuña, Juan Gar-cete Fernández y Tomás Ins-frán.
En principio, Martínez Rojas, Gabaglio y otros coroneles fueron arrestados en la prisi-ón militar de Viñas Cue, pero luego recuperaron su liber-tad, entre otras cosas, porque devolvieron millonarias su-mas de dinero. Sin embargo, algunos militares señalaron que solo devolvieron lo que habrían despojado durante dos años a los instructores, mientras el presunto ilícito ya se habría estado cometiendo desde varios años atrás. Martínez Rojas inclusive desde fines del año pasado se ha vuelto de nuevo un jefe importante en el Ejército al ser titular del 4º Departamen-to del Ejército, lugar desde donde habría operado, con
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ayuda de otros jefes, para castigar con traslados a los instructores que los denunci-aron, según comentarios en las Fuerzas Armadas. Poco más de un mes atrás, el fiscal militar TCnel. Gumer-cindo Oviedo pidió condena de cuatro años de prisión
para Martínez Rojas, por el presunto despojo y cobro irregular del plus salarial. El agente fiscal también pidió condenas, pero más leves, para varios de los procesa-dos. El presidente de la Suprema Corte de Justicia Militar
(Sucorjumil), Gral. de Brig. Rogelio Cano Mendoza, ex-plicó que la sentencia sobre el caso de los instructores aún se retrasaría algunas se-manas porque son varios los abogados defensores que deberán presentar sus alega-tos finales de defensa.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • ABC COLOR (PY) • POLÍTICA • 8/7/2011
Referéndum ya moviliza al TSJE
El Tribunal Superior de Jus-ticia Electoral (TSJE) se en-cuentra en plena capacitación de sus funcionarios para la ejecución del referéndum del 9 de octubre, ya que surgen varias interrogantes con res-pecto a la enmienda del artí-culo 120 de la Constitución, para que los paraguayos resi-dentes en el extranjero pue-dan acceder al voto. Según Carlos María Ljubetic, asesor del TSJE, la ciudadanía se muestra interesada y realiza permanentes consultas, de
ahí surge la iniciativa de im-pulsar charlas para que los trabajadores estén preparados y puedan responder todo tipo de preguntas de interés. Explicó que las capacitacio-nes consisten en explicar a los coordinadores electorales la importancia de la demo-cracia representativa y a su vez exponer las figuras que la sociología moderna aplica y que están establecidas en la Carta Magna. Se analiza además la manera en que la Justicia Electoral
tratará el prerreferéndum, que representa el trabajo de inscripción de los ciudadanos paraguayos residentes en el exterior. Estos actualmente ya impulsan campañas inte-resantes con fotografías de figuras ilustres del Paraguay que en su momento fueron inmigrantes. Este será el primer referén-dum a realizarse en el perio-do democrático del país, por lo que se necesitarán varios encuentros de capacitación, anunció el TSJE.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • ABC COLOR (PY) • POLÍTICA • 8/7/2011
La banca pertenece al legislador, no al partido
Una vez que se proclame al parlamentario electo, la ban-ca pertenece a la persona y no al partido a través del cual llegó hasta el lugar. Así indi-ca la resolución de la Justicia Electoral sobre el pedido presentado por el Unace para la restitución de banca y sus-
titución por los suplentes contra los diputados Oscar Tuma, Artemio Barrios y Víctor Yambay, quienes se pasaron a la ANR. Carlos Ljubetic, asesor del TSJE, dio a conocer la resolución firmada por Monges, Ramí-rez Zambonini y Morales. El
ministro Modesto Monges (Unace) expuso en parte del considerando de la resoluci-ón que la Justicia Electoral es incompetente para aplicar la pérdida de investidura, Re-comienda además que el pe-dido sea analizado y resuelto en Diputados, ya que por
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imperio de la Carta Magna no debe dejarse de lado la garantía constitucional que establece la independencia de los tres poderes del Estado. Es decir, Monges considera que juzgar el caso en el TSJE sería una intromisión en la independencia y autonomía que son propias del Poder Legislativo.
Por su parte, el titular de la Justicia Electoral, Alberto Ramírez Zambonini (PLRA), manifestó que la investidura constituye el carácter que se adquiere en la toma de pose-sión del cargo de diputado. La pérdida de ella solo puede darse cuando se dan las cau-sales previstas en la Consti-tución Nacional, como la
violación del régimen de inhabilidades y el uso de influencias fehacientemente comprobado. La renuncia al partido a través del cual un diputado resultó electo no está enumerada dentro de las causales de pérdida de inves-tidura. El ministro Juan M Morales (ANR) se adhirió al voto de su colega liberal.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • ABC COLOR (PY) • POLÍTICA • 8/7/2011
Duro cruce entre López y ex oviedistas en Diputados
Un áspero debate se desató ayer en la Cámara de Dipu-tados entre los diputados oviedistas y los tres que re-nunciaron a Unace. El dipu-tado Oscar Tuma valoró la decisión de la Justicia Electo-ral que rechazó el reclamo de sus bancas que hizo el ovie-dismo. El diputado José Ló-pez defendió a Lino Oviedo y aseguró que todos en la bancada le deben sus lugares. La posesión de las bancas de los tres diputados que renun-ciaron a Unace generó ayer un fuerte debate en la Cáma-ra de Diputados al conocerse la decisión de la Justicia E-lectoral de rechazar la de-manda planteada por el ovie-dismo. Este reclamaba las bancas y pedía que los dipu-tados Oscar Tuma, Artemio Barrio y Víctor Yambay sean removidos. El diputado Bar-rios inició la discusión al hacer uso de palabra y mos-trarse contento por el rechazo de la demanda. “Constatamos la talla moral de los ministros que hicieron
cumplir la Constitución Na-cional”, indicó al referirse a la decisión del Tribunal Su-perior de Justicia Electoral que rechazó el reclamo del oviedismo por considerarlo improcedente. El legislador también cuesti-onó al recientemente electo presidente del Senado, Jorge Oviedo, y al líder de Unace Lino Oviedo, a quienes acusó de presionar por todos lados para sacarlo del cargo. Aseguró que el mismo Ovie-do andaba diciendo en el interior que los tres se queda-rían sin sus bancas y que los miembros liberales de la Cor-te, Miguel Bajac y Sindulfo Blanco, ya estaban conversa-dos para gestionar que la Justicia Electoral emita un fallo contra los legisladores que dejaron Unace. “No se puede manipular a la gente e instar a la violación de la Constitución Nacio-nal”, aseguró. El diputado Tuma también habló del tema ante el plena-rio y valoró el coraje que
tuvieron los miembros de la Justicia Electoral. “Quienes creen que con llamadas pue-den cambiar los designios del país, se equivocan”, aseguró. Cuestionó al presidente del Senado, quien “sin siquiera terminar de acomodarse en el cargo de presidente de la Cámara de Senadores quiso extorsionar a líderes de otros partidos, también, para que se den los juramentos de Ni-canor y Grillón”. Se lo deben a Oviedo Ante tanta crítica el diputado oviedista José López Chávez salió a defender a los Oviedo. Aseguró que muchos de los que hoy critican no salían de la casa de Lino Oviedo para pedir un lugar en la lista de parlamentarios. Pidió a los legisladores de Unace no ser cínicos y olvidar que sus lugares se lo deben a Lino Oviedo. Incluso reveló que hace unos días el padre de uno de los legisladores que dejaron U-nace fue a pedir perdón a Oviedo. El diputado Yambay
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pidió a los gritos que diga el nombre de quién fue, pero
López se excusó.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • ABC COLOR (PY) • POLÍTICA • 8/7/2011
Dudan que sea una ocupación
El jefe de Gabinete Civil de la Presidencia, Miguel A. López Perito, dudó ayer a la mañana que se trate de la ocupación de una propiedad privada en Ñacunday (Alto Paraná) por los campesinos porque hasta el momento no se determinó si se trata de un excedente fiscal de un inmu-eble privado.Luego de con-versar con el presidente Fer-nando Lugo, indicó a los periodistas que el Poder Ju-
dicial, específicamente la ministra de la Corte Supre-ma de Justicia, Gladys Barei-ro de Módica, se encargará de investigar el historial de la finca madre 4036 reclamada por los campesinos y el pro-ductor sojero brasileño, Tranquilo Favero. Sin desalojo por ahora Explicó que la Fiscalía Gene-ral del Estado asumió tambi-én el compromiso de recibir un pedido de prejudicialidad
para que no se proceda con-tra los supuestos invasores hasta que se dilucide el tema jurídico que está en manos del Poder Judicial. A su criterio, López Perito dijo que la solución al litigio de tierras es la mensura judi-cial. Informó que el Ejecutivo convocará a los productores preocupados por la invasión y el encuentro se daría la próxima semana.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • ABC COLOR (PY) • POLÍTICA • 8/7/2011
Diputados piden informes sobre las tierras ocupadas
Los diputados pidieron ayer informes al Indert sobre las tierras invadidas en Ñacunday. Reclamaron al Ministerio del Interior cumplir con los desalojos y acordaron llevar ante el Jurado de Enjuiciamiento al juez Marcos Martínez
La Cámara de Diputados en mayoría aprobó ayer una serie de resoluciones en torno al conflicto por tierras en la zona de Ñacunday, departa-mento de Alto Paraná.
Sobre tablas y a pedido del diputado Carlos Soler (PQ), los diputados pidieron infor-mes al Indert sobre las tier-ras. Los legisladores piden saber las medidas y las ac-ciones tomadas por el Indert
con relación a la invasión de campesinos de las tierras ubicadas en el distrito de Ñacunday; si cuentan con antecedentes y documentaci-ón de estas tierras en los re-gistros de la institución y remitir copia de los mismos; si cuentan con antecedentes de mensuras judiciales reali-zadas de estas tierras y el resultado de las mismas.
Además solicitar saber si la comisión vecinal Santa Lucía de Ñacunday fue reconocida como tal y remitir copia de la resolución de reconocimien-to. Informar sobre la confor-mación de la mesa directiva de la comisión, el listado de todos los integrantes de la comisión y la fecha de la Constitución de la misma.
Órdenes de desalojo
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Paralelamente y a pedido del diputado Oscar Tuma, la Cámara aprobó un pedido de informes al Ministerio del Interior sobre el incumplimi-ento de tres órdenes de desa-lojo que pesan sobre las tier-ras. El ministro tiene que explicar los motivos por los cuales no se cumplen las órdenes judiciales.
Al Jurado de Enjuiciamiento
La Cámara también aprobó una resolución por la cual se denuncia ante el Jurado de Enjuiciamiento de Magistra-dos al juez de paz de Ñacunday, Oscar Martínez, por mal desempeño de fun-
ciones. Este juez fue el que estableció que había exce-dentes fiscales en la propie-dad. Por otro lado se rechazó un pedido de juicio al juez Hugolino Bogado, que tam-bién atiende el caso.
Ríos defiende a los jueces
El diputado liberal Víctor Ríos salió ayer a defender a los jueces que están intervi-niendo en las invasiones de tierras en la zona de Ñacunday.
Cuando el diputado Óscar Tuma (ANR) planteó llevar al Jurado de Enjuiciamiento al juez Hugolino Bogado que
habría sobrepasado sus fun-ciones, Ríos se opuso vehe-mentemente. Incluso aseguró que la Cámara no tenía por qué hacer la denuncia y que el caso debería ir a comisio-nes.
Ante esa oposición, la Cáma-ra optó por derivar el caso a comisión. En el caso del juez Marcos Martínez, que está acusado de pedir 50 hectá-reas de tierra en la zona, Ríos estuvo también a punto de evitar que sea denunciado ante el Jurado.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL UNIVERSAL • INTERNACIONAL • 8/7/2011
ONU critica muertes de civiles en lucha antinarcos en México
Ciudad de México.- La Alta Comisionada de Naciones Unidas para los Derechos Humanos, Navi Pillay, está recabando en México testi-monios de "atroces atropel-los" en el marco de la violen-cia desatada por la lucha an-tidrogas, que en muchos ca-sos se dirige a activistas. Pil-lay, que se reunió con magis-
trados de la Corte Suprema, se ha entrevistado esta sema-na en México con víctimas, defensores de derechos hu-manos y activistas como el poeta Javier Sicilia, que lide-ra un movimiento para pedir justicia por los más de 37.000 asesinatos que ha dejado la violencia vinculada con el narcotráfico en lo que
va del mandato de Felipe Calderón (2006-2012), des-tacó Efe. A su vez, ONGs como Am-nistía Internacional y human rights Watch denuncian que el Ejército comete frecuentes abusos que en algunos casos llegan al asesinato, la desapa-rición forzada o la tortura.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL UNIVERSAL • INTERNACIONAL • 8/7/2011
Comisión de la Verdad reveló que Zelaya violó en 2009 la Constitución
Tegucigalpa.- El presidente de Honduras, Porfirio Lobo, se comprometió a aceptar las recomendaciones de la comi-
sión que determinó que Ma-nuel Zelaya fue víctima de un golpe de Estado en 2009 y aconsejó, entre otras, esta-
blecer la figura del juicio político e investigar las vio-laciones a derechos humanos. "Como presidente de la Re-
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pública daré el seguimiento con la participación de todos los sectores para que cada uno contribuya a la edificaci-ón de la Honduras que todos anhelamos", subrayó Lobo, informó Efe. La Comisión, cuyo coordina-dor es el exvicepresidente de
Guatemala Eduardo Stein, señaló que contra Zelaya hubo golpe de Estado, que los sectores involucrados tuvieron responsabilidades compartida, y que el Gobier-no de Roberto Micheletti, sucesor del gobernante der-rocado, fue de facto.
De acuerdo al informe, Zela-ya "atentó contra las normas constitucionales" para esta-blecer "un nuevo régimen" con su idea de celebrar una consultar popular, no prevista en las leyes locales.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL UNIVERSAL • ECONOMÍA • 8/7/2011
Discusión de LOT quedará para el segundo período de sesiones
Reformarán Ley de Seguridad Social para incluir a trabajadores por cuenta propia
SUHELIS TEJERO PUN-TES
El presidente de la Comisión de Desarrollo Social de la Asamblea Nacional (AN), Oswaldo Vera, informó que la segunda discusión de la reforma a la Ley Orgánica del Trabajo se llevará a cabo durante el segundo período de sesiones ordinarias de este año. Manifestó que la instan-cia parlamentaria actualmen-te recoge las observaciones del sector sindical en cada uno de los estados del país y que, apenas ese paso sea cumplido, se definirá el in-forme que será presentado a la presidencia de la AN.
Vera destacó que esperan tener listo el documento para finales de julio. Luego de ello, se publicarán progresi-vamente los capítulos del proyecto de reforma de la LOT a través del foro de la página web www.asambleanacional.gob.ve, a fin de cumplir con el paso de la consulta pública.
El actual período de sesiones ordinarias culmina el 15 de agosto, seguido de un receso, para reiniciar las actividades el 15 de septiembre. El presi-dente de la comisión parla-mentaria indicó que ya para ese mes deben tener listo el texto definitivo que será re-mitido a la plenaria de la AN para su discusión y aprobaci-ón.
Los cambios a la LOT acu-mulan un retraso de 10 años. La reforma constitucional de 1999 ordenó al Parlamen-to que, en un plazo no mayor a un año tras su instalación, debían autorizarse la reduc-ción de la jornada laboral y el regreso a la retroactividad de las prestaciones sociales.
El pasado 1 de mayo el Pre-sidente Hugo Chávez instó al presidente de la AN, Fernan-do Soto Rojas, a aprobar este año la reforma de la LOT, pero recomendó que no se incluyera el recorte de la jornada por "la situación que vivimos y la necesidad de incrementar la producción
nacional para salir del mode-lo rentístico petrolero".
Al ser consultado al respecto, Vera expresó que esa idea ya había sido debatida en la Comisión de Desarrollo So-cial de la AN, pero "hay un mandato constitucional. Ase-guró que no se ha tomado una decisión, pero que "por supuesto, la opinión del líder (Chávez) tuvo un peso im-portante".
Por su carácter orgánico, la reforma de la LOT requiere de una mayoría calificada, es decir, 110 votos para su a-probación. La actual confor-mación parlamentaria con-centra a 98 parlamentarios en el oficialismo y a 67 en la oposición.
En otros aspectos, Vera in-formó que el próximo miér-coles 13 de julio será presen-tado el proyecto de reforma a la Ley de Seguridad Social en la instancia parlamentaria.
Agregó que se trata de la modificación de dos artículos
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para permitir que los trabaja-dores por cuenta propia coti-cen a la Seguridad Social. Detalló que el cambio no aplica para la incorporación voluntaria de personas que deseen completar sus cotiza-ciones ante el Instituto Vene-
zolano de los Seguros Socia-les (IVSS).
Entre tanto, la reforma de Ley del Régimen Prestacio-nal de Empleo se encuentra en fase de consultas. Esta normativa busca garantizar
empleos para los jóvenes en condiciones especiales.
Para este año también está prevista la aprobación de la Ley de Salud y del Sistema Público Nacional de Salud y la Ley de Trasplantes.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL UNIVERSAL • ECONOMÍA • 8/7/2011
Ley de Seguros este año genera un costo de Bs 1,1 millardos
Las empresas tienen que elevar capitales y garantías y aportar al fondo de salud
MAYELA ARMAS H.
En agosto del pasado año entró en vigencia la Ley de la Actividad Aseguradora, y actualmente las empresas están en la fase de adecuaci-ón al marco legal, la cual le genera un costo al sector de 1,19 millardos de bolívares. La presidenta ejecutiva de la Cámara de Aseguradores de Venezuela (CAV), Alesia Rodríguez, señaló que el marco legal obliga a incre-mentar los capitales, ajustar las garantías y las reservas y realizar aportes adicionales, lo que impacta en las compañías, y el costo esti-mado puede representar 86% de las ganancias.
En el foro de Actualidad Fi-nanciera que fue organizado por Venamcham, detalló que por los aumentos de los capi-tales y las garantías se tienen que erogar 97 millones de bolívares y por el ajuste de las reservas el impacto es de 284 millones de bolívares.
El incremento en las contri-buciones a la Superintenden-cia de la Actividad Asegura-dora lleva a las empresas a desembolsar en el ejercicio 611 millones de bolívares. A ello se suma el aporte al Fondo de Salud que se calcu-la en 206 millones de bolíva-res.
En el marco legal se crea un fondo especial que recibirá 1% de las primas, no obstan-te, las autoridades todavía no han precisado la Constituci-ón de ese mecanismo que financiará al sector salud.
Rodríguez destacó que si bien las empresas están en la etapa de adaptación al texto, existen aspectos que requie-ren del reglamento y las normas prudenciales y esas disposiciones no están listas.
"La Ley es ambigua. Del texto gran parte de los artícu-los remiten al reglamento y a las normas y el resto son res-tricciones y sanciones. Por lo tanto, ¿cómo se puede aplicar
una ley sin el reglamento? El texto es complicado".
El análisis que ha realizado la organización sobre la Ley de la Actividad Aseguradora revela que el texto colide con la Ley del Contrato de Segu-ros, la Ley de Contrataciones Públicas, la Ley para la De-fensa de las Personas en el Acceso a los Bienes y Servi-cios y el Código Orgánico Tributario (COT).
Durante el foro, comentó que el texto que regula al sector asegurador "es principalmen-te una ley de salud. Este tema se trasladó a los privados cuando tiene que ser compar-tido con el Estado".
La Ley de Seguros también ordena de las empresas a crear pólizas solidarias, y al respecto, la presidenta del organismo comentó que esos contratos también tendrán impactos en las empresas.
Esos seguros están previstos para los jubilados, pensiona-dos, adultos mayores, perso-
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nas con discapacidad y a-quellas familias de bajos in-gresos económicos hasta 25 unidades tributarias (1.900 bolívares ). Las pólizas debe-rán proteger riesgos como enfermedades, servicios o-dontológicos, servicios fune-rarios y accidentes persona-les.
Más regulaciones
Por otra parte, el abogado Nicolás Badel realizó en el foro una presentación sobre el contenido de la Ley del Instituciones del Sector Ban-cario, en la cual señaló que ese marco legal impone limi-taciones y prohibiciones a la actividad.
Apuntó que el marco legal (vigente desde marzo 2011) otorga potestades discrecio-nales a la Superintendencia
de la Actividad Bancaria en la interpretación de las nor-mativas que están referidas a las limitaciones.
El jurista expresó que aunque el texto declara de utilidad pública la actividad, el Esta-do tiene que garantizar el derecho de la libertad eco-nómica que está previsto en el artículo 112 de la Consti-tución Nacional.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL UNIVERSAL • ECONOMÍA • 8/7/2011
Consideran que mercado inmobiliario está paralizado
Estiman que Ley de Emergencia está sustituyendo la Ley de Expropiaciones
El Ejecutivo Nacional a tra-vés de leyes e intervenciones de desarrollos ha creado un cerco en el sector inmobilia-rio. Irma Lovera, asesora legal de la Cámara Inmobili-aria de Venezuela, señaló que el mercado está paraliza-do ante las medidas que se han tomado, en especial con las expropiaciones y ocupa-ciones de complejos.
En noviembre del pasado año el Gobierno intervino los desarrollos ante las denunci-as que fueron presentadas, pero esas unidades luego de siete meses no se han culmi-nado.
En el foro Actualidad Finan-ciera organizado por Venam-cham, la abogada realizó una presentación sobre las leyes que están afectando a la acti-vidad e indicó que la Ley de Emergencia de Terrenos y
Vivienda (vigente desde ene-ro de este año) es un marco legal que está sustituyendo a la Ley de Expropiaciones, "debido a que una vez decla-rado el interés público se decreta la expropiación, pero no se menciona el procedi-miento y el justiprecio se establece unilateralmente".
Ese texto, agregó, "violenta la normativa municipal urba-nística al atribuir al Ejecutivo Nacional la determinación del uso de la tierra".
Las acciones de intervención, a juicio de Lovera se extien-den con la Ley de Refugios, que indica que "ante la emer-gencia se podrá utilizar tem-poralmente cualquier infraes-tructura física o instalaciones que puedan ser habilitadas como refugios sean públicas o privadas".
La asesora legal de la organi-zación explicó que el cerco es mayor con la Ley del Ré-gimen de Propiedad de las Viviendas de la Gran Misión Vivienda.
"Ese instrumento crea la pro-piedad multifamiliar y la propiedad familiar, pero pro-híbe arrendar y vender las unidades habitacionales. Las propiedades pasan a ser i-nembargables, no suscepti-bles de medidas preventivas ni ejecutivas adminsitrativas ni judiciales".
La vocera de la Cámara In-mobiliaria de Venezuela des-tacó que la Ley contra los Desalojos Arbitrarios trata de igual forma las desocupacio-nes judiciales y las arbitrari-as.
"Ese texto desconoce la auto-ridad de la cosa juzgada y
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somete al Poder Judicial a una minusvalía frente a la administración pública".
Agregó que protege de igual forma a inquilinos, comoda-
torios, usufructuarios y deu-dores hipotecarios, establece la audiencia conciliatoria administrativa obligatoria y condiciona el desalojo a que haya una vivienda disponible
para asignarla a las familias que hayan sido desalojadas.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL UNIVERSAL • OPINIÓN • 8/7/2011
Declaración de Independencia
Para entender lo que somos y debemos ser, tenemos que conocer de dónde venimos
GERARDO BLYDE
Cuando dábamos clases de derecho constitucional, nos alarmaba que la mayoría de los estudiantes de derecho se habían graduado de bachille-res sin haber leído jamás el texto de nuestra Acta de In-dependencia. ¿Cómo es posi-ble que tantos miles de vene-zolanos en sus clases de his-toria nunca hayan leído el documento más fundamental del cual parte toda nuestra historia republicana? Quizás millones de venezolanos pa-sen toda su vida sin haberla leído al menos una vez. Na-cen, viven y mueren sin co-nocer nuestra partida de na-cimiento como nación. Su redacción es impecable en fondo y forma. Inicia su texto invocando a Dios Todopode-roso, consagrando la naciente república a su protección divina. Más adelante, el pro-pio texto vuelve a invocar su protección y auxilio, para que "en el momento en que nacemos a la dignidad, que su providencia nos restituye el ¡deseo de vivir y morir libres!".
Su encabezado devela cómo el proceso de integración en una sola nación devino de la unión de varias provincias, cuyos representantes reuni-dos deliberaron y acordaron conformarla: "Nosotros, aquí los representantes de las Provincias Unidas de Cara-cas, Cumaná, Barinas, Margarita, Barcelona, Mé-rida y Trujillo, que forman la Confederación Americana de Venezuela en el continen-te meridional, reunidos en Congreso, y considerando la plena y absoluta posesión de nuestros derechos, que reco-bramos justa y legítimamente desde el 19 de abril de 1810".
Cada ciudad que se había fundado durante la conquista y la larga etapa provincial, tenía una zona de influencias y conformaba diversas pro-vincias que se agrupaban por la fuerza en la hasta entonces existente Capitanía General. Este documento revela que la voluntad de estas primeras 7 provincias fue la de mante-nerse unidas para conformar una nueva nación, libre e independiente. Nacimos co-mo una Federación. No na-
cimos como un Estado unita-rio al cual nos quieren llevar a juro y en desconocimiento de lo que somos.
El espacio de nuestra colum-na no nos permite transcribir aquí todo el texto del Acta, pero en ella se desarrolla un listado de sólidos argumentos históricos y de derecho natu-ral que justifican ante el mundo la decisión que aquel-los valientes hombres, luego de 300 años de sometimien-to, estaban tomando aquel 5 de Julio. Ser libres de España y de cualquier potencia ex-tranjera; entrar en el concier-to de las naciones como una nueva república, con derecho a ser respetada y a decidir su propia suerte. "En atención a todas estas sólidas, públicas e incontestables razones de política, que tanto persuaden la necesidad de recobrar la dignidad natural, que el or-den de los sucesos nos ha restituido, en uso de los im-prescriptibles derechos que tienen los pueblos para des-truir todo pacto, convenio o asociación que no llena los fines para que fueron insti-tuidos los gobiernos, cree-mos que no podemos ni de-
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bemos conservar los lazos que nos ligaban al gobierno de España, y que, como to-dos los pueblos del mundo, estamos libres y autoriza-dos para no depender de otra autoridad que la nues-tra, y tomar entre las poten-cias de la tierra, el puesto igual que el Ser Supremo y la naturaleza nos asignan y a que nos llama la sucesión de los acontecimientos humanos y nuestro propio bien y utili-dad".
Aquellos representantes de sus provincias, fundadores de la patria, entendían los ries-gos que la declaración de independencia comportaría, de la guerra que se desataría, del riesgo a sus vidas y pro-piedades. Aún así suscribie-ron: "Nosotros, pues, a nom-
bre y con la voluntad y auto-ridad que tenemos del virtuo-so pueblo de Venezuela, de-claramos solemnemente al mundo que sus Provincias Unidas son, y deben ser desde hoy, de hecho y de derecho, Estados libres, soberanos e independientes y que están absueltos de toda sumisión y dependen-cia de la Corona de España o de los que se dicen o dijeren sus apoderados o represen-tantes, y que como tal Esta-do libre e independiente tiene un pleno poder para darse la forma de gobierno que sea conforme a la vo-luntad general de sus pue-blos, declarar la guerra, hacer la paz, formar alianzas, arre-glar tratados de comercio, límite y navegación, hacer y ejecutar todos los demás ac-
tos que hacen y ejecutan las naciones libres e independi-entes".
De allí venimos. Aún hay mucha patria por construir y muchos venezolanos por ser libertados. La Academia Na-cional de la Historia ha he-cho un enorme esfuerzo por digitalizar documentos tras-cendentes de nuestra historia (la Declaración de Indepen-dencia, los Archivos del Li-bertador, entre otros). Con-súltalos en www.anhvenezuela.org. Para entender lo que somos y de-bemos ser, tenemos que co-nocer de dónde venimos. ¡Feliz 200 cumpleaños, Ve-nezuela!
[email protected]// @GerardoBlyde
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR •
EL UNIVERSAL • OPINIÓN • 8/7/2011
Bicentenario y faltas
Quedó en evidencia la poca voluntad democrática del régimen... GERARDO FERNÁNDEZ Escribo este artículo el 5 de julio, cuando se cumplen 200 años de nuestra independen-cia. En primer lugar, la con-memoración de la indepen-dencia es momento para rea-firmar la democracia y la libertad y el régimen perdió la oportunidad histórica para demostrar que somos inde-pendientes y, por lo tanto, libres y democráticos. En la realidad el Gobierno con-memoró su dependencia de Cuba y del comunismo y que
ahora más que nunca somos esclavos de la inseguridad, el hambre, la corrupción y la ineficiencia. La conmemora-ción fue excluyente y parcia-lizada al convertirla en un acto personalista y partidista y presentando una FAN par-cializada e ideologizada. El bicentenario no sirvió para resolver el problema de la vivienda, la inflación, la in-seguridad y otros dramas perversos. Hoy somos menos libres porque nos cubanizan al máximo, somos más de-
pendientes de las importa-ciones, de la crisis, y de la corrupción. En segundo lugar, es un in-con- trovertible hecho comu-nicacional la grave enferme-dad presidencial. Frente a este hecho, el Gobierno no ha respetado la Constitución ni el régimen de las faltas tem-porales del presidente de la República. Ya ha ocurrido en este mes y es posible sigan produciéndose ausencias presidenciales por enferme-dad. En estos casos la Cons-
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titución resuelve, que estan-do el Presidente en incapaci-dad física o mental, como por ejemplo que esté hospitaliza-do, sedado, medicado o en una intervención quirúrgica o que esté de reposo médico en Cuba, debe encargarse el Vicepresidente Ejecutivo. Si no se le encarga es porque se
quiere vulnerar la Constitu-ción o porque el mismo no goza de la legitimidad reque-rida. Dos prohibiciones constitu-cionales que no se pueden relajar: que la sede y el ejer-cicio del Gobierno no se pu-ede trasladar a Cuba y; que hay actos administrativos y
de gobierno que solo puede promulgar el Presidente en Consejo de Ministros. El Bicentenario deja en eviden-cia la poca voluntad demo-crática del régimen y su des-precio por el Estado constitu-cional de Derecho. [email protected]
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR •
EL UNIVERSAL • OPINIÓN • 8/7/2011
La agresión a María Corina
MARCOS R. CARRILLO P. El día del bicentenario de nuestra independencia se celebró, como es costumbre, con un desfile "cívico-militar". Pero lo que debió ser un acto de unión nacional en torno a nuestra historia fue convertido en una fórmu-la de exclusión repudiable. Es repugnante ver marchar a civiles como si fueran milita-res. Es inaceptable utilizar el color de un partido político en una ceremonia en la que todos los venezolanos deben incluirse. Hemos caído tan bajo que sólo hace falta ima-ginarse un acto de esa natura-leza en el que buena parte de los contingentes fueran ves-tidos de blanco gritando "a-delante a luchar miliciano". En la época de la democraci-a, con todos sus contratiem-pos, abusos e irresponsabili-dades, eso era simplemente impensable. Lo que debió ser una fiesta de unidad nacional, se trans-formó en una parada de corte
fascista. Para nuestro estu-por, las consignas de "ejérci-to socialista" se repetían co-mo cosa normal, violando la Constitución abiertamente y reiterando que la mitad del país no es respetada por un ejército que sigue los dictá-menes "del pueblo y del co-mandante -Chávez-", según informó un oficial de apelli-do Alcalá Cordones (acusado por el narcotraficante Ma-kled, por cierto). Lo que qui-ere decir, que es una fuerza armada que no se debe a la obediencia a la Constitución y las leyes, sino al capricho de un hombre. Como consecuencia natural de ese espíritu segregacionis-ta que el gobierno ha impues-to en el país, la diputada Ma-ría Corina Machado fue a-gredida por una horda de militantes chavistas. Ante el atentado "la diputada fue evacuada, como cualquier venezolano", según afirmó el mismo general. Esto repre-senta otra forma de desprecio al pluralismo y es prueba de
un país en el que todo está al revés: Cualquier venezolano tiene derecho a asistir a la celebración de nuestra inde-pendencia sin correr el riesgo de ser agredido por huestes auspiciadas por el gobierno. De modo que el deber no era el de evacuar a la meritoria diputada, sino el de apresar a sus agresores y garantizar la seguridad de todos, indepen-dientemente de su credo polí-tico. En contraposición a una fu-erza armada cuyo comandan-te en jefe huye a Cuba cada vez que se siente mal y cuyos oficiales se han dejado some-ter y humillar por las fuerzas invasoras cubanas a quienes están subordinados y temen reverencialmente, la valentía y la dignidad de María Cori-na Machado se convirtieron en el referente de este 05 de julio. Fue éste un desfile en el que sólo faltó recordar la triste-mente célebre frase de Mil-lán-Astray "muera la inteli-gencia, viva la muerte". A-
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fortunadamente, el coraje de María Corina y su declaraci-ón reconociendo el decoro de parte de un grupo de miem-bros del ejército que la pro-
tegieron de las agresiones, abren una puerta de esperan-za a un país en el que reinen el respeto, la consideración y
exista una fuerza armada que rescate el honor mancillado. [email protected] @carrillomarcos
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR •
EL UNIVERSAL • NACIONAL Y POLÍTICA • 8/7/2011
Solicitarán al Poder Moral investigar a magistrados Comisión de Lucha Social de la MUD exige contratos colectivos
EL UNIVERSAL Maracay.- La Comisión de Lucha Social de la Mesa de la Unidad Democrática (MUD), realizó ayer un en-cuentro en esta ciudad en el que se exigió el respeto a la contratación colectiva, au-mento salarial y seguridad social para todos los trabaja-dores, así como se acordó protestar en la Asamblea Nacional la violación de la Ley de Emolumentos al ha-berse otorgado tickets de alimentación por Bs.10 mil a los magistrados del Tribunal
Supremo de Justicia. Reuni-dos en la sede de Fetraragua, los activistas de oposición acordaron acudir al Poder Moral para proponer una investigación por "faltas gra-ves" al artículo 265 de la Constitución de la Repúbli-ca contra los magistrados que hubieran aceptado ese bono. Enrique Ochoa Antich, coor-dinador de la comisión dijo que la Ley de Alimentación para los Trabajadores, en su artículo 5 establece el monto máximo de los tickets de acuerdo al salario y los ma-
gistrados "sólo podrían reci-bir Bs. 4.402,80 en cupones como máximo". En el acto estuvo la magis-trada del TSJ, Blanca Rosa Mármol de León, quien fue aplaudida por los asistentes haber rechazado ese benefi-cio. Allí se recordó que los magistrados también incurri-eron en violación de la Ley de Emolumentos que prevé sanciones en estos casos. Al acto concurrieron dirigentes universitarios y de la salud, activos y jubilados.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL UNIVERSAL • NACIONAL Y POLÍTICA • 8/7/2011
Estudiantes se proclamaron "Generación del 5 de Julio" en el Panteón
EL UNIVERSAL Al Panteón Nacional, donde reposan los restos de los Pró-ceres de la Patria, acudieron integrantes del Movimiento Estudiantil para proclamarse como "la Generación Bicen-tenaria que construirá la Ve-nezuela posible." Estudiantes de la UCAB, USB, Unimet, Ucsar y USM desplegaron en
las escalinatas frente al Pan-teón una bandera de diez metros de largo, en la cual se leían mensajes escritos por los universitarios sobre el país que sueñan. "Hace 200 años nuestros próceres co-menzaron a sembrar los sueños de un pueblo, que hoy en día nos toca construir a nosotros", aseguró Andrés
Pulido, presidente del Centro de Estudiantes de la Unimet. Para los estudiantes, la Ve-nezuela posible es un país con seguridad, donde preva-lezca la conciliación y el respeto a los derechos huma-nos y la Constitución. "Nada ni nadie podrá detenerlo", dijeron.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • CLARÍN (AR) • CIUDADES • 8/7/2011
Otro paso para hacer una Reserva en terrenos que compró Covelia
Lo lleva la Legislatura provincial tras un fallo del juez Armella que frenó las obras.
Otra mala noticia para Cove-lia. La Legislatura bonaeren-se avanza con el tratamiento de un proyecto para declarar Reserva Natura l el predio de Santa Catalina, reciente-mente adquirido por esa em-presa de recolección de basu-ra, que relacionan con Hugo Moyano, para construir un country.
La sanción legislativa ocurrió horas después de que el juez federal Luis Armella ordena-ra la paralización de las obras porque consideró que el humedal ubicado en el partido de Lomas de Zamora forma parte de la Cuencia Matanza-Riachuelo y consti-tuye un “bien jurídico de notable biodiversidad”. Ar-mella es el responsable de hacer cumplir por parte de los tres Estados –la Nación, la Provincia y La Ciudad–la resolución de la Corte Su-
prema de 2008 para el sane-amiento y reordenamiento territorial de esa cuenca.
El Senado bonaerense aprobó en la última sesión un pro-yecto para proteger las 650 hectáreas que están bajo ad-ministración de la Universi-dad de La Plata desde princi-pios del siglo pasado. La casa de estudios vendió a fines de 2008 –en medio de una fuer-te polémica– 307 hectáreas del sector denominado “po-treros de la laguna” a Covel-lia en 32 millones de pesos.
En principio, la compañía tenía previsto construir una base operativa y un playón para capacitación de los cho-feres. Después, el emprendi-miento habría derivado en un proyecto inmobiliario. Los vecinos de Lomas de Zamora iniciaron protestas y llevaron
el reclamo al parlamento provincial.
La iniciativa aún no es ley porque los senadores incor-poraron una modificación y volvió a Diputados, que ya la había aprobado.
“Incluimos un pedido al Eje-cutivo para que verifique los dominios de las parcelas y el estudio de títulos, antes de declararla reserva”, explicó el senador Roberto Costas (UCR), vicepresidente se-gundo del cuerpo. El legisla-dor aclaró: “Existe acuerdo entre los bloques para apro-bar la propuesta”.
El diputado de la Coalición Cívica, Walter Martello –autor del proyecto– dijo: “Nunca debimos permitir que la UNLP vendiera esas tier-ras a la empresa de recolec-ción de residuos”.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • CLARÍN (AR) • CIUDADES • 8/7/2011
Hubo más de 900 piquetes desde que comenzó el año
El macrocentro y Congreso son las zonas más afectadas. En la Ciudad responsabilizan a la Nación, ya que dicen que debe hacerse cargo, a través de la Policía Federal, de orde-nar el espacio público. Calculan un promedio de doce por día hábil
Por Pablo Novillo
Los continuos piquetes y manifestaciones callejeras que sufren los porteños vol-
vieron a ponerse en el centro de la escena sobre el cierre de la campaña electoral. Se-gún estimaciones realizadas por el Gobierno porteño, en
lo que va del año la Ciudad sufrió más de 900 piquetes , que contribuyeron a reavivar la pelea con el Gobierno na-cional para que se haga cargo
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del ordenamiento del espacio público.
De acuerdo a las cifras que se manejan, en la Ciudad se sufren 12,5 cortes de calles por día . Para llegar a ese promedio se consideraron sólo los días hábiles de mar-zo hasta ahora, porque los fines de semana, feriados y los meses de verano no suele haber piquetes.
Las Comunas más afectadas por los cortes fueron la 1 y la 3. Es lógico: la primera abar-ca los barrios de Constituci-ón, San Telmo, Monserrat, San Nicolás y Retiro ; mien-tras que la segunda es la de Balvanera y San Cristóbal . Es decir, toda la zona del macrocentro y Congreso es la que se ve habitualmente per-judicada por los cortes. Claro que los piquetes los sufren también quienes llegan desde otros barrios, e incluso desde el conurbano, para trabajar en la Capital, ya que padecen un aumento notable en los tiempos de traslado debido a los desvíos que deben poner-se en práctica para evitar los cortes.
Para tener un parámetro más preciso, el Gobierno porteño elaboró una lista de todas las manifestaciones callejeras que se efectuaron entre el miércoles 6 de abril y el lu-nes 13 de junio: en esos 43 días hubo 207 cortes, a razón de 4,8 por día. Sin dudas, el peor día es el miércoles: el 27 de abril y el 18 de mayo, por ejemplo, se registraron 12 cortes cada día.
Si bien los piqueteros eligen diversas esquinas porteñas, hay tres lugares que concen-tran la mayor cantidad de protestas. Dos son clásicos, como la sede del Ministerio de Trabajo, en Leandro N. Alem al 600; o el Congreso, en Callao y Rivadavia . Pe-ro en los últimos tiempos la 9 de Julio se sumó como escenario de piquetes y a-campes, como los que hicie-ron, entre otros, los aboríge-nes Qom o los ex conscriptos en la época de Malvinas.
Para la Justicia contraven-cional porteña, el procedimi-ento para el control de los piquetes fue siempre el mis-mo. La Policía debería evitar el corte de la calle o por lo menos dejar uno o dos carri-les libres. No hace falta, se-gún los fiscales contraven-cionales, que primero exista una orden de ellos, aunque sí deben ser informados.
Pero en el Gobierno nacional siempre insistieron con que la Federal no puede actuar sin la orden de un fiscal, y que además su política es la de no criminalizar ni reprimir las protestas. De todas for-mas, y en plena campaña, la Nación tuvo un discurso me-nos contemplativo y hasta reprimió con carros hidrantes el corte de los docentes de Santa Cruz en Trabajo hace dos semanas.
Cristian Ritondo, presidente del bloque PRO de la Legis-latura porteña, aseguró: “En el año electoral, la Ciudad ya soportó más de 900 piquetes. Es un caos. No puede ser que todos los días quienes ven
afectados algunos de sus de-rechos sientan que sólo a través de los piquetes pueden conseguir respuestas y perju-diquen el normal desenvol-vimiento de la vida de millo-nes de ciudadanos”. Ritondo le pidió a la ministra de Se-guridad Nilda Garré y al candidato kirchnerista a jefe de Gobierno Daniel Filmus que “paren los piquetes en las calles”.
A todo esto, el Gobierno porteño siempre sostuvo que la responsabilidad de contro-lar las manifestaciones calle-jeras es de la Nación y la Federal. Tanto, que cuando creó la Policía Metropolitana descartó de entrada que una de sus tareas fuera el control del orden público. Tampoco en las tomas de viviendas actuaron más que como apo-yo de la Federal.
De acuerdo al artículo 78 del Código de Contravenciones, quien obstruya la circulación de una calle debe ser sancio-nado con uno a cinco días de trabajo de utilidad pú-blica o multa de $ 200 a $ 1.000.
La única excepción es que la protesta se haga “en ejercicio de los derechos constitucio-nales”, pero en ese caso qui-enes vayan a cortar deben pedir una autorización al Gobierno y dejar un espacio libre para la circulación vehi-cular.
Lo cierto es que, pese a que los fiscales contravencionales suelen dar la orden de que se identifique a los organizado-res de los cortes con fotos y
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filmaciones, no fueron mu-chos los casos de piqueteros sancionados. En muchos de ellos, el castigo fue una pro-bation.
Pese a las distintas propues-tas de campaña, el problema persiste y los cortes no se detienen. De hecho, la Gene-ral Paz sufrió dos cortes tota-
les tanto el lunes como el martes, cuando estuvo inter-rumpida cinco horas.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • CLARÍN (AR) • POLÍTICA • 8/7/2011
Duhalde, a la Justicia por la publicidad
El precandidato presidencial por Unión Popular (UP), Eduardo Duhalde, fue ayer personalmente a Tribunales para pedirle a la jueza María Servini de Cubría que declare la inconstitucionalidad de la
ley que impide a los partidos políticos contratar publicidad televisiva por fuera de los espacios repartidos por el Estado. De acuerdo con Du-halde, la nueva norma afecta la “libertad de expresión y la
difusión de las ideas y pro-puestas políticas”. Además, se quejó del dinero que gasta el Gobierno de manera “in-creíble” en “propaganda polí-tica” en los medios públicos.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • CLARÍN (AR) • POLÍTICA • 8/7/2011
Una causa por enriquecimiento, cerrada en un trámite exprés
En 2009 el juez Oyarbide dijo que no hubo delito por el crecimiento del patrimonio K.
Juan Cruz Sanz
La fortuna del ex presidente Néstor Kirchner y la presi-denta Cristina Fernández es el gran talón de aquiles del matrimonio K. En 2003, Kir-chner presentó su primera declaración jurada ante la Oficina Anticorrupción (O-A). Firmó por $ 6.851.810. En 2010, Cristina juró tener un patrimonio de $ 55.537.290.
En siete años, un incremen-to del 710% .
La oposición no tardó en poner la lupa en las cuentas de los Kirchner pero en dici-embre de 2009, el juez fede-ral Norberto Oyarbide cerró
la causa que investigaba a la presidenta y al ex mandatario por enriquecimiento ilícito . Oyarbide centró su decisión en una resolución del cuerpo de Peritos Contadores de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación que determinó que los Kirchner no cometi-eron delitos a la hora de justificar el incremento de su patrimonio durante 2008. En ese año, la fortuna del matrimonio creció un 158% respecto de la anterior decla-ración (Pasó de $ 17.824.941 a $ 46.036.711). Oyarbide sólo tomó en cuenta el peri-taje oficial y lo declarado por el contador, Víctor Man-zanares, perito propuesto por los Kirchner y el contador de
la familia, que además firma las declaraciones juradas de la Presidenta y de su marido.
Veinte días antes de que O-yarbide cerrara la causa, Manzanares fue recibido por el juez, en los tribunales de Comodoro Py. Además, el contador del matrimonio presidencial había sido foto-grafiado en Río Gallegos, tomando un café junto al juez provincial, Santiago Lozada, el primero en cerrar causas que comprometían a los Kir-chner. En el 2008, la declara-ción jurada oficial demostró un negocio que aún hoy tiene sus críticas y su falta de res-puestas. El ex presidente declaró la venta de un ter-
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reno fiscal en El Calafate que habían comprado en 2006 a $ 132.079. Kirchner había sido beneficiado por la municipalidad con la venta de terrenos a $7,5 el metro cuadrado. Dos años después, Kirchner vendió esos mismos terrenos por $ 6.300.000.
Negocio redondo . La deci-sión de Oyarbide tuvo otra sorpresa. El fiscal federal Eduardo Taiano no apeló la medida . Tampoco lo hizo la Fiscalía de Investigaciones Administrativas (FIA) pese a tener un peritaje que demos-traba numerosas inconsisten-cias en las declaraciones. “El incremento patrimonial en relación al último período
fiscal declarado con relación a aquél del año anterior se encuentra justificado en cu-anto a su origen y evoluci-ón”, sostuvo Oyarbide.
En febrero de 2010, la fortu-na K volvió a tener otro capí-tulo. Documentos oficiales mostraron que en octubre de 2008, en plena crisis financi-era internacional, Néstor Kir-chner compró 2 millones de dólares , el límite del tope permitido para personas físi-cas en forma mensual. La oposición acusó ante la Justi-cia a la Presidenta y a su es-poso por el uso de informa-ción oficial para beneficio propio . “Todas las adquisi-ciones de moneda extranjera
fueron efectuadas dentro del sistema reglado por el Banco Central y se depositaron en caja de ahorros en dólares de mi titularidad en entidad bancaria hasta la fecha en que se formalizó el pago de la compra de Hotesur S.A.”, fue la respuesta de Kirchner en el medio de la polémica. La Justicia también cerró esa causa por considerar ausen-cia de delito. ¿Cuál fue el secreto? Compra y venta de inmuebles, adquisición de terrenos a valores que no existen en el mercado y al-quileres de sus 28 propieda-des. Además, la base de toda fortuna: el ahorro.
STJ • DIÁRIO DE NOTÍCIAS (PT) (PT) • NACIONAL • 8/7/2011
Vale e Azevedo vai pedir a liberdade condicional
Vale e Azevedo vai pedir ao Tribunal de Execução de Penas que lhe seja concedida a liberdade condicional e a anulação do mandado de detenção europeu. Luísa Cruz, advogada de Vale e Azevedo, disse à a-gência Lusa que "é segurís-simo que os requerimentos vão ser entregues na próxima semana, o mais tardar até quarta-feira" da próxima se-mana, no Tribunal de Execu-ção de Penas de Lisboa. "Foi fixado o cúmulo jurídi-co em cinco anos e meio de
prisão efeciva e João Vale e Azevedo cumpriu mais de 50 por cento da pena. Estão pre-enchidos todos os pressupos-tos para que a liberdade con-dicional lhe seja concedida", sublinhou. A mandatária do presidente do Benfica - de 3 de Nvem-bro de 1997 a 31 de Otubro de 2000 - lembrou que Vale e Azevedo cumpriu três anos de prisão, o que, sublinhou, "é mais do que metade" do consignado no Código da Execução das Penas e Medi-das Privativas da Liberdade
para a concessão da liberdade condicional. O cúmulo jurídico no âmbito dos processos Ovchinni-kov/Euroárea (seis anos de prisão em cúmulo), Dantas da Cunha (sete anos e seis meses) e Ribafria (cinco a-nos) foi fixado pela 4.ª Vara Criminal de Lisboa, a 25 de Mio de 2009. João Vale e Azevedo alegou que foram considerados "três anos a mais" para a soma da pena de prisão a cumprir e recorreu para o Supremo Tribunal de Justiça (STJ).
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • PRENSA LATINA (AR) • NOTÍCIAS • 8/7/2011 • 11:29:00
Criticam desequilíbrio jurídico contra cinco cubanos presos nos EUA Havana, 8 jul (Prensa Latina) O caso dos cinco antiterroris-tas cubanos presos em cárce-res dos Estados Unidos desde 1998 mostra um profundo desequilíbrio do sistema jurí-dico do país nortenho, afir-mou a advogada Nuris Piñero. "Quando reflito sobre este processo, confirmo que existe uma falta de equilíbrio muito grave, gerada por um conflito entre a justiça e o direito", declarou à Prensa Latina a diretora geral do Escritório de Serviços Espe-ciais e advogada dos familia-res dos Cinco. Fernando González, Ramón Labañino, Antonio Guerre-ro,Gerardo Hernández e Re-né González cumprem seve-ras condenações por informar sobre planos de ações violen-tas contra Cuba realizadas por grupos terroristas basea-dos em território norte-americano. É óbvio que o caso dos Cinco -como se lhes conhece no mundo- é político, para nada é um caso criminoso, pois todas as garantias e os direi-tos que o devem assistir den-tro do sistema judicial norte-americano foram negados.
Graças à solidariedade inter-nacional, depois de fazer-se público o processo,as pessoas amantes da paz ou com vo-cação pela justiça quando recebem informação sobre eles se somam à campanha por sua libertação. Inclusive -acrescentou- mui-tos possuem ideologias dife-rentes à nossa, mas sua hu-manismo permitiu-lhe cons-tatar como foram quebranta-dos seus direitos. Uma pessoa -assinalou a ju-rista- que enfrente um pro-cesso penal tem inocência presumida até que se prove o contrário e se deve respeitar o direito a conhecer de que lhe acusa, mas para os Cinco essas considerações estive-ram ausentes. "No caso dos Cinco, a justiça foi-se pela janela porque a política se apoderou da sala de dar justiça, daí que justiça e direito estejam em um total conflito", sentenciou a advo-gada. As declarações de Piñero foram formuladas no contex-to do V Encontro Internacio-nal: Escola de Verão de Ha-vana 2011 sobre Direito In-ternacional Público e VII
Seminário-Oficina sobre Di-reito Internacional Humani-tário celebrado recentemente. Contra os Cinco apresenta-ram-se 26 acusações por se-parado, 24 deles relativamen-te menores e mais bem técni-cas. Uma das 24 era o não se re-gistrar como agentes estran-geiros ante a Promotoria Ge-ral dos Estados Unidos. Os acusados estiveram de acordo com esta acusação, mas impediram-lhes explicar que sob uma doutrina das leis estadunidenses conhecida como a Defesa de Necessi-dade eles deviam ser perdoa-dos por não ter cumprido com esse tecnicismo. Sua missão implicava a pro-teção de vidas humanas, evi-tar danos a propriedades e prevenir atos terroristas e, segundo as leis norte-americanas, pode-se tecni-camente violar uma regula-ção estabelecida pela lei se está fazendo para evitar um dano maior. Nenhuma acusação envolve-os no uso de armas, atos vio-lentos ou destruição da pro-priedade. lac/joe/bj
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • PRENSA LATINA (AR) • NOTÍCIAS • 8/7/2011 • 15:27:00
Corte Suprema dos EUA negou adiar execução de mexicano Washington, 8 jul (Prensa Latina) O mexicano Humberto Leal García, de 38 anos de idade, foi executado em Texas, ape-sar da preocupação do Go-verno dos Estados Unidos sobre as possíveis conse-quências em suas relações com o país vizinho. Leal re-cebeu uma injeção letal on-tem à noite em uma prisão estatal de Huntsville, pouco depois que a Corte Suprema de Justiça dos Estados Uni-dos recusasse atuar neste caso. Esta causa atraiu a atenção internacional porque, segun-do organizações humanitá-rias, o réu não foi informado
a respeito de seu direito de receber conselho diplomático quando foi preso. Leal García viveu em territó-rio estadunidense desde sua infância. Em 1994 foi decla-rado culpado de violar uma jovem de 16 anos e depois golpeá-la até a morte com um pedaço de asfalto. Ainda que o preso sempre manteve sua inocência, em uma última declaração entre-gue pelo Departamento de Justiça Crimal de Texas, Leal se desculpou perante a famí-lia da vítima e pediu seu per-dão.
O governo do presidente Ba-rack Obama, a ONU e o em-baixador do México nos Es-tados Unidos solicitaram o atraso ou bloqueio da execu-ção, sob o argumento de que se violou a Convenção de Viena. Esse tratado garante a resi-dentes estrangeiros o direito a uma visita de representan-tes de seus governos quando são presos. Mas em sua opinião majori-tária, a máxima instância judicial escreveu que não está obrigada a atuar sobre "leis hipotéticas"
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • PRENSA LATINA (AR) • NOTÍCIAS • 8/7/2011 • 17:48:00
Presidente da União Africana condena ataques a Líbia Addis Abeba, 8 jul (Prensa Latina) Os polêmicos ataques da OTAN contra a Líbia foram condenados hoje pelo presi-dente em exercício da União Africana (UA), Teodoro O-biang, em um comunicado. A resolução 1973 da ONU não prevê a intervenção militar, sublinhou o também manda-tário da Guiné Equatorial, que solicitou "uma anistia" para o líder líbio, Muammar Gaddafi, em alusão ao man-dato de captura emitido na
semana passada pela Corte Penal Internacional. A UA está empenhada em um gerenciamento de media-dora, encabeçada pelo presi-dente sul-africano, Jacob Zuma, o qual é obstaculizado pelas potências ocidentais. Obiang recordou que a enti-dade pan africana em sua recém concluída XVII Ci-meira condenou a interven-ção da aliança atlântica e anunciou que o agrupamento não se propõe a apoiar aos insurgentes libios.
Da mesma forma mostrou-se adverso a que o líder líbio tenha que abandonar seu pa-ís, ainda que deixou saber que também não inclui sua participação nos planos de reformas que executa a UA. As formulações de Obiang foram circuladas em um co-municado do agrupamento integracionista pan africano que tem sua sede central a-qui, o qual cita um texto ofi-cial da Presidência da Guiné Equatorial.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL PERUANO (SP) • DERECHO • 8/7/2011
Evaluarán a vocales del Poder Judicial
Institución convoca la participación ciudadana en este proceso El Consejo Nacional de la Magistratura (CNM) inició un nuevo proceso de ratifica-ción de jueces superiores y supremos con siete años de ejercicio jurisdiccional, a fin de evaluar su conducta e ido-neidad en el cargo, atendien-do la producción jurisdiccio-nal, méritos, informes de colegios de abogados, ante-cedentes sobre su conducta, entre otros. Se trata de los jueces supremos Julio Rodrí-guez Mendoza, Jorge Solis Espinoza y Javier Villa Stein; y, los vocales superiores, Carlos Arias Lazarte, Patricia Beltrán Pachecho, Emilia Bustamante Oyague, Susana Castañeda Otsu, Clotilde Cavero Nalvarte, Sara Eche-varría Gaviria y Carlos Esco-bar. Al respecto, el presiden-te de la comisión de evalua-ción y ratificación del CNM, Pablo Talavera Elguera, ex-presó su confianza que la ciudadanía, a través del me-canismo de participación ciudadana, comunique por escrito a su institución, con documentos sustentatorios, el motivo por el cual los jueces convocados no deben ser ratificados en encargo, ya sea por carecer de buena conduc-ta o por idoneidad."La parti-cipación ciudadana, en el fortalecimiento del sistema
de justicia, constituye un derecho constitucional de carácter individual y colecti-vo, el cual debe ser ejercido por la sociedad civil para lograr una mejor administra-ción de justicia", dijo el juez al explicar los alcances de la Convocatoria Nº 002-2011-CNM.Según la legislación, el proceso de ratificación com-prende a todos los jueces y fiscales en actividad que han cumplido siete años en el ejercicio de su cargo, excepto aquellos que provienen de elección popular. Dicha con-vocatoria se realiza en el cargo titular al que han sido nombrados. Estos, son lla-mados así se encuentren sus-pendidos en el ejercicio de la función, de licencia o por desempeñar funciones en otras instituciones por desig-nación a consecuencia de su condición de magistra-dos.Solo son excluidos del proceso, aquellos jueces y fiscales que habiendo sido convocados hayan cesado en el cargo por fallecimiento, por haber alcanzado la edad de jubilación o formulado su renuncia al cargo titular que ostentan, siempre que ésta última haya sido aceptada antes del inicio de su entre-vista personal.Finalmente, para el cómputo del plazo de
los siete años a que se hace referencia en la Constitución Política, no se considera el período en que el magistrado estuvo con suspensión pre-ventiva del cargo como con-secuencia de una medida cautelar dictada en su contra en un proceso disciplinario o penal, siempre que este haya sido absuelto o se encuentre vigente al momento en que le corresponde ser convocado al proceso.
CronogramaHasta el 2 de agosto se procederá a la eva-luación de la documentación recibida y formulación de los informes individuales por la comisión evaluadora.Del 17 de agosto y hasta que culmi-ne el proceso, se pondrá a disposición de los magistra-dos sujetos a evaluación sus respectivos informes indivi-duales y sus expedientes de evaluación integral y ratifi-cación.Las entrevistas perso-nales de los magistrados su-jetos a evaluación y sesión del Pleno del CNM, a fin de adoptar la decisión final y emitir las resoluciones cor-respondientes en cada proce-so, se realizará del 22 al 23 de agosto.
Fecha:08/07/2011
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL PERUANO (SP) • DERECHO • 8/7/2011
Promueven conciliaciones El Ministerio de Justicia (Minjus) decidió extender la obligatoriedad de la concilia-ción extrajudicial en las pro-vincias de Ica, Chiclayo, Ca-jamarca y Puno, como parte de una política de Estado para promover la solución pacífica de controversias y, de ese modo, evitar que los conflictos lleguen hasta el Poder Judicial. Así, los ciu-dadanos de dichas jurisdic-ciones deberán acudir, de manera obligatoria, a centros de conciliación extrajudicial antes de iniciar un proceso judicial, en cumplimiento del DS Nº 008-2011-JUS.Según la norma, la implementación se realizará este año de ma-
nera progresiva de acuerdo al siguiente calendario oficial: 1 de setiembre en el distrito conciliatorio de Ica; el 4 de octubre, en la jurisdicción de Chiclayo; el 3 de noviembre, en Cajamarca; y, finalmente, el 1 de diciembre, en el dis-trito conciliatorio de Puno. ImportanciaMediante la con-ciliación, los ciudadanos so-lucionan sus problemas, a través del diálogo con la a-yuda de un conciliador, de manera sencilla, rápida y económica. Igualmente, co-adyuva a la disminución de la excesiva carga procesal del Poder Judicial. Entre las controversias que puedan ser solucionadas a través de esta
institución, tenemos a los casos sobre régimen de visi-tas, tenencia de hijos, pensi-ón de alimentos, desalojo, pago de deudas, indemniza-ción, otorgamiento de escri-tura, entre otras.Actualmente, la obligatoriedad de este pro-cedimiento rige en nueve distritos conciliatorios, como son Lima y Callao; Arequipa y Trujillo, Cusco, Huancayo, Santa, Piura, Cañete y Huau-ra. Se ha previsto que en los próximos años la obligatori-edad se ampliará a, por lo menos, tres distritos concilia-torios por año. Fecha:08/07/2011
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • AMBITO FINANCEIRO (AR) • POLÍTICA • 8/7/2011
"No podemos desfinanciar el sistema y poner en riesgo a los jubilados"
Destacó el fortalecimiento del régimen previsional Diego Bossio
El director ejecutivo de An-ses Diego Bossio afirmó que el organismo "respondió en tiempo y forma" a un reque-rimiento de la Corte Supre-ma y destacó el "fortalecimi-ento" del sistema previsional que "hoy cubre a casi 6 mil-lones de jubilados y pensio-nados con una cobertura del 96%".
En declaraciones radiales, Bossio dijo en referencia a la necesidad de mantener la sustentabilidad del Sistema Previsional Argentino, que "lo que no podemos hacer es cosas que quiebren y desfi-nancien el sistema y poner en riesgo a los actuales jubila-dos y pensionados, por eso todas las decisiones que se toman deben hacerse con mucha prudencia".
"Esta es una buena oportuni-dad para explicar a la Corte todo lo que venimos traba-jando, siendo muy rigurosos con la información", afirmó el titular de Anses. "La ver-dad es muy fuerte en este sentido. Cuando uno muestra los números, y qué es lo que se puede hacer y qué es lo que no se puede hacer con los recursos existentes, se empieza a entender que la situación es muy compleja", agregó.
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Días atrás, el Máximo Tribu-nal divulgó una resolución con 11 puntos "requerimen-tos relevantes" que le solicitó a la entidad provisional para saber cuántas demandas por reajuste de haberes aún no fueron pagados a jubilados con fallos favorables.
En respuesta, el funcionario precisó también que de los 60.000 beneficios previsiona-les que Anses tramita mensu-almente, 25.000 correspon-den a la moratoria previsio-nal que continúa vigente y permite regularizar la falta de aportes.
En este sentido Bossio desta-có el fortalecimiento del sis-tema previsional que hoy cubre a "casi seis millones de jubilados y pensionados, y tiene una tasa de cobertura del 96%. Es decir que casi todos los argentinos que es-tán en edad de jubilarse, hoy tienen su beneficio".
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • AMBITO FINANCEIRO (AR) • POLÍTICA • 8/7/2011
El Ejecutivo envió 76 nombramientos de jueces al Senado La presidente Cristina de Kirchner anunció que envió 83 pliegos de jueces, fiscales y dos defensores públicos de todo el país para poner a consideración del Senado, luego de las críticas surgidas por la gran cantidad de va-cantes existentes en la Justi-cia.El anuncio estuvo a cargo del vocero presidencial, Al-fredo Scoccimarro, quien informó que se trata del plie-go de 76 jueces, 5 fiscales y 2 defensores oficiales. A la vez, puntualizó a los perio-distas acreditados en la Casa Rosada que desde el lunes se enviaron los pliegos en tres tandas distintas a la Cámara de Senadores, para que se le brinde tratamiento. La prime-
ra tanda, que se remitió el lunes pasado, incluyó a seis jueces y un fiscal, mientras que el martes se mandó la segunda, en la que se postuló a otros 21 magistrados. Este viernes se remitió la última tanta, con el resto de los 49 postulantes para cubrir la gran cantidad de vacantes en el Poder Judicial. De esta forma, la Casa Rosada busca comenzar a regularizar la situación del Poder Judicial, luego de que trascendiera la preocupación de ese sector por la demora en la designa-ción de cargos en los juzga-dos federales. Los pliegos que el Poder Ejecutivo envió a la Cámara alta fueron recomendados por el Con-
sejo de la Magistratura, organismo encargado de se-leccionar los candidatos. La semana pasada, un matutino porteño difundió que había 146 ternas de jueces selec-cionados para los puestos vacantes, que esperaban que la Presidenta los remitiera al Congreso para ser aprobados desde al menos siete meses. El retraso en las designacio-nes perjudica al 20% de los juzgados nacionales y federa-les, que actualmente se encu-entran sin ningún magistrado a cargo. Esa situación hace que los juzgados permanez-can acéfalos o que las causas sean asumidas por magistra-dos subrogantes.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • AMBITO FINANCEIRO (AR) • INTERNACIONALES • 8/7/2011
Preocupación en EEUU por la ejecución de un mexicano que viola leyes internacionales
Estados Unidos se mostró "decepcionado" por la ejecución de un mexicano en Texas (sur) que no contó con asistencia consular durante el juicio
El gobierno de Estados Uni-dos se mostró "decepciona-do" por la ejecución de un mexicano en Texas (sur) que no contó con asistencia con-sular durante el juicio, un hecho que violó las leyes internacionales según la ONU.
La secretaria de Estado, Hil-lary Clinton, "está muy de-cepcionada con el resultado de este caso", dijo la porta-voz del Departamento de Estado, en rueda de prensa, tras la ejecución de Humber-to Leal, condenado por la violación y asesinato de una adolescente de 16 años.
El gobierno de Barack Oba-ma había pedido a la Corte Suprema que detuviera la ejecución del mexicano de 38 años aduciendo que provoca-ría "un daño irreparable" a los intereses estadouniden-ses.
Leal, que afirmaba ser ino-cente, fue ejecutado final-mente el jueves en Huntsvil-le, la prisión de Texas.
Tanto la Corte Suprema estadounidense como el go-bernador de Texas, el repu-blicano Rick Perry, rechaza-ron los pedidos de clemencia, a los que también se unieron
México, Brasil, Honduras, El Salvador y Suiza, así como la Alta Comisionada de ONU para los Derechos Humanos.
"Si no protegemos los dere-chos de los extranjeros en Estados Unidos nos arries-gamos a no tener acceso a nuestros ciudadanos en el extranjero. Por eso la secreta-ria está preocupada", dijo Nuland.
Leal era uno de los 51 mexi-canos condenados a muerte en Estados Unidos a quienes, según la Corte Internacio-nal de Justicia (CIJ), les fue denegado el derecho de asis-tencia consular, en claro in-cumplimiento de la Conven-ción de Viena.
El gobierno estadounidense buscaba que la ejecución fuera detenida hasta que el Congreso aprobara un pro-yecto de ley para garantizar el cumplimiento de la Con-vención de Viena.
"El caso Leal ilustra por qué es absolutamente importante que el Congreso apruebe esta ley", dijo Nuland.
"Este no es un caso aislado. El tema de la notificación consular sigue siendo una seria preocupación diplomá-
tica y legal", dijo el demócra-ta Patrick Leahy, jefe de la comisión de Justicia del Se-nado, quien abogó por la aprobación de la legislación.
En 2008 Texas también eje-cutó al mexicano José Ernes-to Medellín, lo que originó una nota de protesta del go-bierno de Felipe Calderón.
México condenó en duros términos la ejecución de Le-al. Fue un "claro desacato" a la CIJ, estimó la cancillería.
Estados unidos violó las le-yes internacionales con esta ejecución, afirmó este vier-nes la Alta Comisionada de Derechos Humanos de la ONU, Navi Pillay.
"Lo que ha hecho el estado de Texas es imputable en este caso a la ley de Estados Unidos e involucra la respon-sabilidad internacional de Estados Unidos", dijo Pillay, quien se encuentra en Méxi-co.
Según la Constitución esta-dounidense, los estados tie-nen la potestad de fijar sus leyes y sistemas judiciales, recordó Nuland.
Estados Unidos se mantuvo en estrecho contacto con las
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autoridades mexicanas, quie-nes se mostraron "complaci-das" por el intento de detener la ejecución, dijo Nuland.
"Es importante que nuestros socios internacionales sepan que el gobierno, el Poder Ejecutivo, no estuvo cómodo
con lo que pasó en este ca-so", señaló.
"Si queremos dar el debido apoyo a los estadounidenses que se meten en problemas en el extranjero, debemos dar el ejemplo en este país", dijo Nuland.
Leal siempre mantuvo su inocencia. La defensa asegu-raba que la adolescente mu-rió accidentalmente al caer sobre una roca cuando Leal trataba de ayudarla tras ser violada en una fiesta.
Matérias do dia 09/07/2011
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • ULTIMA HORA.COM (PY) • POLÍTICA • 9/7/2011
Unace accionará ante la Corte por tres bancas El Unace no está dispuesto a acatar la resolución de la Justicia Electoral, que deter-minó que las tres bancas que obtuvo el partido en las elec-ciones pertenecen a los elec-tos. Resultaron beneficiados los diputados Óscar Tuma, Víctor Yambay y Artemio Barrios, quienes pasaron a filas del Partido Colorado. El abogado del oviedismo, Aarón Herminio Ruiz Díaz Rolón, estuvo ayer por la Cámara Baja y anunció que el próximo lunes presentará una acción de inconstitucio-nalidad ante la Corte Su-prema de Justicia. También pedirán una aclara-toria a la Justicia Electoral sobre la resolución que dejó sin tres bancas al partido. De las 15 que obtuvieron en las elecciones del 2008, que-daron solamente con 12. El abogado, para ironizar sobre lo ocurrido, portó un cartelito en el que se declara-ba un comprador de bancas.
"El equipo jurídico está tra-bajando ya sobre eso y va-mos a presentar a más tardar el lunes ante la Corte Su-prema de Justicia, que es la única instancia que queda", dijo. "Lo que esta resolución a priori me está diciendo es que no hay otra vía, o sea que la vía legal no corresponde para restituir la banca lograda en elecciones por el Unace", señaló. "Entonces, voy a salir a bus-car diputados para restituir mi banca, a ver si por ahí le convenzo a alguien y com-pletamos otra vez los 15, o a lo mejor aumentamos tambi-én. Eso es lo que me está diciendo la Justicia Electo-ral", alegó. Insistió en que una de las vías, de acuerdo a la resolu-ción, sería comprar bancas, porque desconocen la votaci-ón. "Voy a esperar que mañana todos los diputados estén
electos, voy a ver a quién le puedo comprar y armar un nuevo partido, y la represen-tación de ese ciudadano que se fue a votar no servirá más de nada", sentenció el aboga-do. COMPRADOR. Mencionó que el cartel que portaba era un mensaje a los que sacaron la resolución, la cual consi-dera "absurda". "Dijeron que la banca era del partido en el caso de Grillón y ahora dicen que la banca es de la persona. Entonces, ten-go que salir a comprar ban-cas para completar mi cupo de 15, para recuperar bancas que gané en las elecciones legítimamente", cuestionó. El Unace había decidido ac-cionar para recuperar las bancas, tras la fuga de Tuma, Yambay y Barrios, teniendo en cuenta el fallo favorable que tuvo el senador del Par-tido Democrático Progresista (PDP), Alberto Grillón.
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Fue justamente el oviedismo el que había reclamado la banca del mismo, y la Justi-cia Electoral había decidido
que la banca correspondía al partido. Sin embargo, los resultados no fueron favorables para la nucleación política.
El propio presidente del Congreso y senador de Una-ce, Jorge Oviedo Matto, a-nunció que se recurriría a todos los resortes legales.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • ULTIMA HORA.COM (PY) • POLÍTICA • 9/7/2011
Titular del Indert dice que informe de mensura judicial fue objetado El ingeniero Marciano Barre-to, titular del Instituto Nacio-nal de Desarrollo Rural y de la Tierra (Indert), sostuvo ayer que el informe de Geo-desia del Ministerio de Obras Públicas, que establece la inexistencia de excedentes en las tierras de Ñacunday, fue objetado y la definición del caso corresponde al Poder Judicial.Barreto no supo decir quién cuestionó el in-forme de mensura judicial elaborado por el ingeniero Arnaldo Barrios, del citado Departamento de Obras Pú-blicas. "Tiene algunas objeciones. No se quién lo hizo porque no tengo en mis manos el informe", refirió. Agregó que es el Poder Ju-dicial el que debe dictar sen-tencia en este caso, atendien-do a que ya no está en ins-tancias del Indert. EXCEDENTES. En otro momento, el titular del Indert apuntó que él nunca sostuvo
que hay excedentes de tierras en Ñacunday, pero sí que hay propiedades que no están ajustadas a sus respectivos títulos. Señaló que el empresario Tranquilo Favero sí justificó el título de 32 mil hectáreas, pero hay otros documentos que deben ser verificados y no es atribución del Indert determinar la falsedad o lega-lidad de los mismos. Respecto a las acusaciones de sectores políticos que le acusan de estar al servicio de los intereses de los campesi-nos apoyados por el gober-nador de San Pedro, José Pakova Ledesma, y el sena-dor Sixto Pereira, dijo que no lo van a acusar solo a él sino al Indert en general de todos los problemas de tierras que se arrastran en el país. Rechazó que los citados polí-ticos tengan incidencia algu-na en sus actuaciones al fren-te de la institución.
"Yo estoy en función al Go-bierno nacional y hago lo que el presidente de la República me dice", recalcó. Sin embargo, dijo que no negaba y tenía que ser cohe-rente, en el sentido de que "conozco a Sixto hace más de veinte años, su hermano fue mi compañero, pero eso no implica que sea manejado por él". Sobre Ledesma apuntó que lo respeta y es un dirigente que tiene su criterio y se identifi-ca con un sector del país. "Ahora, es su responsabili-dad personal lo que hace. A mí no me trajeron aquí ni Pakova ni Sixto Pereira. Vengo porque el presidente de la República tiene confi-anza en mi persona", recalcó. Finalmente, Barreto insistió en que es el Poder Judicial el que debe aclarar el caso de Ñacunday, dictando la sen-tencia que corresponda según los documentos.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • ULTIMA HORA.COM (PY) • POLÍTICA • 9/7/2011
Diputados acompañan reclamo de productores
Los diputados de Alto Paraná Justo Zacarías Irún y Andrés Retamozo también participa-ron de la reunión entre pro-ductores, intendentes y mi-embros de la Corte Supre-ma de Justicia en Santa Ri-ta.Los legisladores expresa-ron su preocupación por el conflicto que afecta al sur del departamento. Dijo que una mensura desde el punto de vista jurídico no se puede equivocar en el resultado. Lamentó que productores que hace 20,30 y 40 años están labrando la tierra ten-gan que estar con el miedo de que en cualquier momento pueden recibir una orden de desalojo. "Estamos hablando de pro-ductores que tienen sus títu-
los de propiedad. En mi lógi-ca no entra esa situación. No entra en mi lógica que una empresa como Globo Ave suspenda su inversión en esta ciudad, porque se está por desalojar la zona industrial, la municipalidad de un país", indicó Zacarías Irún. El legislador dijo que en nin-gún caso se trata de una lu-cha de clases entre paragua-yos y brasiguayos. "El pro-blema de la tierra en el país es una realidad, eso es algo que no se puede negar, pero tampoco se le puede prome-ter una solución permitiendo la invasión de propiedades privadas, ese es el punto", añadió. NO ENGAÑAR. Por su par-te, Sandra Zacarías, inten-
denta de Ciudad del Este, quien también participó de la reunión, pidió al Gobierno no engañar a humildes paragua-yos, prometiéndoles tierras a las que no podrán acceder por las vías legales. "Acá no vamos a mentirnos ni a engañarnos. A esta pobre gente se la está utilizando con miras a las elecciones del 2013", dijo. "Estas personas que están en la zona de Ñacunday no pu-dieron aparecer de la nada. Es evidente que están siendo utilizadas, y lastimosamente muchas de esas personas necesitan de nuestro apoyo, y no que se burlen de ellas. Porque prometerles tierras es mentirles", lamentó.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • LE FIGARO (FR) • ACTUALITÉ • 9/7/2011 • 03:01:00
USA : l'ambassadeur syrien convoqué Les Etats-Unis ont convoqué l ambassadeur syrien après avoir appris que des person-nes manifestant aux Etats-Unis contre la répression en Syrie avaient été filmées par des membres de l ambassade syrienne à Washington, a indiqué le département d Etat.L ambassadeur Imad Moustapha a été convoqué mercredi par un haut respon-sable de l administration a-
méricaine qui lui a fait part de "l inquiétude" des Etats-Unis après avoir "appris que des membres de l ambassade syrienne avaient filmé et photographié des personnes dans des manifestations paci-fiques aux Etats-Unis", indi-que le département d Etat dans un communiqué. Ce nouvel incident intervient alors que les relations entre les Etats-Unis et la Syrie ne
cessent de se détériorer de-puis le début de la répression sanglante de la contestation contre le régime de Bachar al-Assad. "Le gouvernement américain prend très au sé-rieux les informations selon lesquelles des gouvernements étrangers cherchent à intimi-der des personnes exerçant sur le sol américain leur droit à la liberté d expression dé-fendu par la Constitution
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américaine", ajoute le dépar-tement d Etat. Vendredi, l administration américaine s est dite "cons-ternée" par les critiques du régime syrien envers la pré-sence de l ambassadeur amé-ricain Robert Ford dans la ville rebelle d Hama. Wa-
shington avait annoncé jeudi la visite du diplomate dans cette ville située à 210 km au nord de la capitale afin d "établir le contact" avec l opposition dans cette localité assiégée par les chars. La visite du diplomate amé-ricain a suscité l ire des auto-
rités syriennes, selon lesquel-les les Etats-Unis sont "im-pliqués" dans le mouvement de contestation et "incitent à faire monter (la tension), ce qui nuit à la sécurité et à la stabilité en Syrie".
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • LE FIGARO (FR) • ACTUALITÉ • 9/7/2011 • 08:24:00
Sud-Soudan: Salva Kiir premier président Salva Kiir a prêté serment aujourd hui comme premier président du Sud-Soudan, peu après la proclamation de
l indépendance de ce pays qui est devenu la plus jeune nation au monde.Salva Kiir a signé la Constitution transi-
toire et a prêté serment, en jurant de "favoriser le déve-loppent et le bien-être du peuple du Sud-Soudan".
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • LE FIGARO (FR) • ACTUALITÉ • 9/7/2011 • 14:50:00
Libye: la France a dépensé 160 M ? L intervention militaire de la France en Libye a coûté jus-qu ici 160 millions d euros, a déclaré la ministre du Bud-get, Valérie Pécresse, dans un entretien au Journal du dimanche (JDD).Fin juin, lors du salon aéronautique du Bourget, le ministre de la Défense, Gérard Longuet, avait évalué à 100 millions le coût des trois premiers mois de cette opération, lancée le 19 mars et qui mobilise l aviation française au rythme d environ 200 sorties par semaine en moyenne. Début
mai, il était évalué à 50 mil-lions d euros.
"Le coût de notre interventi-on en Libye s élève à ce sta-de à 160 millions d euros", a dit Valérie Pécresse au JDD. "Comparez ce chiffre au budget de la Défense, qui est de 40 milliards d euros. Nous pouvons l absorber", a-t-elle ajouté. Le 21 juin, Gérard Longuet avait précisé que tout dépassement du budget prévu par son ministère serait pris en charge par le gouver-nement et pas seulement par son ministère.
L Otan, qui supervise les opérations, les a prolongées jusqu au 27 septembre.
L Assemblée nationale et le Sénat français doivent se prononcer par vote mardi sur l engagement des troupes françaises en Libye après une déclaration du gouverne-ment.
La Constitution prévoit en effet une telle autorisation du parlement lorsqu une inter-vention militaire dure plus de quatre mois.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • DIÁRIO DE NOTÍCIAS (PT) (PT) • OPINIÃO • 9/7/2011
A Tripolitânia de Kadhafi O Tribunal Penal Interna-cional de Haia, ao emitir um mandado internacional para Kadhafi, força o líder do re-gime líbio a continuar a combater, e a morrer comba-tendo, afastando-o de uma possível negociação de paz, porque, ao fazê-lo, o ditador sabe que irá ser de seguida condenado por crimes contra a humanidade e contra o seu próprio povo.
É pois de esperar que a guer-ra continue na Líbia, e que Kadhafi saiba aproveitar-se das históricas divisões políti-cas do seu país e que tornam difícil um entendimento. As disputas recorrentes entre as mais de 140 tribos são pontos que contam a favor do coro-nel, que para evitar conspira-ções contrata mercenários para combater. Dando sinais de uma grande resistência, o coronel mantém o seu bastião de poder, que não vai ser fácil de tomar porque as tri-bos da região de Tripoli têm privilégios que não querem perder caso os rebeldes to-mem conta do seu território.
Teme-se inclusive que esta situação se mantenha mesmo sem o ditador, porque, tal como alerta Ben Ghalbon, presidente da União Consti-tucionalista Líbia, existe o perigo de o país ficar dividi-do em dois, uma situação que parcialmente já está a acon-tecer com a zona oeste, a Tripolitânia, debaixo do con-
trolo de Kadhafi, e a parte este, a Cirenaica, controlada pelos rebeldes. Resta a zona de Fezzan, a sudoeste, que por enquanto ainda está sob o controlo do coronel.
Curiosamente, foi sempre da região este que partiram as rebeliões contra poderes ins-tituídos, e foram eles os res-ponsáveis pela unificação do território em 1951, dando origem ao Reino Unido da Líbia, um regime monárqui-co constitucional sob a égide de Idris al-Senussi I. Muita desta dinâmica tem partido das tribos de Cirenaica, mas também do movimento Se-nussia, que se diz ter sido o responsável pela instigação à jihad contra as potências co-lonialistas, mas também por ter apelado à união do territó-rio. Esta ordem foi fundada em 1837 por Sayyid ibn as-Senussi e é uma mistura de princípios de várias correntes teológicas islâmicas, desde o Sufismo, ao Salafismo, numa busca pela pureza do Islão. Ainda hoje, e apesar das per-seguições que sofreu quando Kadhafi tomou o poder, é um movimento muito considera-do e respeitado, de tal forma que actualmente se vêem muitos líbios envergando fotografias dos líderes espiri-tuais Senussi. O próprio Ben Ghalbon é simpatizante do antigo regime monárquico constitucional.
O futuro da Líbia é uma grande incógnita, mas adivi-nham-se alguns cenários pos-síveis, sobretudo se a guerra se prolongar e Kadhafi não largar o poder. A cisão em dois é por isso uma das situa-ções plausíveis, até porque o primeiro passo já foi dado pelos 13 países que reconhe-ceram o Conselho Nacional de Transição, o órgão políti-co da rebelião líbia, como o "representante legítimo" des-te país. A Alemanha, a últi-ma a juntar-se ao grupo, de-cidiu, inclusive, abrir uma representação diplomática em Benghazi. O facto de actualmente as duas regiões terem recursos petrolíferos capazes de as sustentarem economicamente torna ainda mais concretizável esta divi-são. Por outro lado, adivinha-se também o regresso à in-fluência do movimento Se-nussi, num revivalismo que se teme ser de fervor islâmi-co. A possibilidade de se recuperar a Constituição de 1951 e de chamar um dos descendentes da antiga famí-lia real para o trono é uma das hipóteses que se tem co-locado ultimamente. A supo-sição de que tudo seria feito sem um sufrágio prévio à população preocupa os mais atentos, mas sossegando es-tes rumores o legítimo her-deiro ao trono, Muhammed as-Senussi, já garantiu que o povo terá sempre de ser con-sultado.
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Qualquer que seja o cenário futuro da Líbia, é importante assegurar uma transição de-mocrática, para que nem a
Tripolitânia de Kadhafi nem a Cirenaica dos rebeldes se tornem em bastiões ditatori-ais ou em fanatismos religio-
sos. O futuro dos líbios per-tence apenas à sua vontade e não pode, nem deve, ser im-posto.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • ABC COLOR (PY) • POLÍTICA • 9/7/2011
Contradice la Carta Magna, afirman La Dra. María Liz García, rectora de la Universidad Metropolitana de Asunción (UMA) y miembro de la A-sociación Paraguaya de Uni-versidades Privadas (APUP), sostuvo que el proyecto de ley de educación superior impulsado por algunos sena-dores y diputados presenta varios errores conceptuales, que incluso contradicen la Carta Magna. “Bajo ningún punto de vista un consejo puede representar al Estado, porque sus funcio-nes son indelegables. Cuando hablamos de educación supe-rior el Ministerio de Educa-ción es el que representa al Estado y es el órgano rector
de la educación paraguaya en todos sus niveles”, afirmó. Indicó que “las políticas pú-blicas” que según el proyecto de ley debe delinear el conse-jo son atribuciones exclusi-vas del Poder Ejecutivo, a través del Ministerio de Edu-cación. Así también aseguró que el proyecto de ley presenta di-versas equivocaciones con-ceptuales. Autonomía Otra inconstitucionalidad contenida en el proyecto de ley es la que pretende otor-garle autonomía a los institu-tos superiores, según mani-festó la rectora.
“El Artículo 79 de la CN es muy claro al señalar que las universidades son autóno-mas, y en ningún momento se refiere a los institutos su-periores”, sostuvo. En ese sentido se refirió tam-bién a la Ley 1264 que de-termina que las universidades se dedican a la investigación y a las actividades de exten-sión en todas las áreas del saber, mientras que los insti-tutos superiores se dedican solamente al estudio de un área específica. Por último, agregó que los principales perjudicados con la aprobación de una ley de-fectuosa serán los estudian-tes.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • ABC COLOR (PY) • POLÍTICA • 9/7/2011
Las invasiones campesinas y el plan B La Dra. María Liz García, rectora de la Universidad Metropolitana de Asunción (UMA) y miembro de la A-sociación Paraguaya de Uni-versidades Privadas (APUP), sostuvo que el proyecto de ley de educación superior impulsado por algunos sena-dores y diputados presenta
varios errores conceptuales, que incluso contradicen la Carta Magna. “Bajo ningún punto de vista un consejo puede representar al Estado, porque sus funcio-nes son indelegables. Cuando hablamos de educación supe-rior el Ministerio de Educa-ción es el que representa al
Estado y es el órgano rector de la educación paraguaya en todos sus niveles”, afirmó. Indicó que “las políticas pú-blicas” que según el proyecto de ley debe delinear el conse-jo son atribuciones exclusi-vas del Poder Ejecutivo, a través del Ministerio de Edu-cación.
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Así también aseguró que el proyecto de ley presenta di-versas equivocaciones con-ceptuales. Autonomía Otra inconstitucionalidad contenida en el proyecto de ley es la que pretende otor-garle autonomía a los institu-tos superiores, según mani-festó la rectora.
“El Artículo 79 de la CN es muy claro al señalar que las universidades son autóno-mas, y en ningún momento se refiere a los institutos su-periores”, sostuvo. En ese sentido se refirió tam-bién a la Ley 1264 que de-termina que las universidades se dedican a la investigación y a las actividades de exten-
sión en todas las áreas del saber, mientras que los insti-tutos superiores se dedican solamente al estudio de un área específica. Por último, agregó que los principales perjudicados con la aprobación de una ley de-fectuosa serán los estudian-tes.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • NATIONAL • 9/7/2011
Redistricting Squeezes G.O.P. Class of 2010
By JAMES WARREN
They are being forced to a-bandon their political homes — just as the crab that out-grows its shell must seek a new one. In fighting a De-mocratic-controlled redistric-ting plan, they join other Illi-nois Republican members of Congress in an unavoidable but still unseemly tale of your democracy at work.
“It’s clearly an outrage; the Democrats overreached and have now opened themselves up to a legal challenge,” said Mr. Walsh, last November’s surprise Tea Party freshman winner in the northwest su-burban Eighth Congressional District.
Their prospects in a federal court fight may be less che-ery than the Republicans believe. But the reason for indignation is beyond dispu-te, namely the predictable ramifications of a rival
party’s redrawing of the sta-te’s legislative and Congres-sional districts.
The number of Congressio-nal districts is a function of population, unlike State Se-nate and House seats, whose number is mandated in the Illinois Constitution. The population of Illinois grew less than that of many other states in the last decade, so its Congressional delegation must drop to 18 from 19.
While Illinois remains a De-mocratic island in a largely Republican Midwest sea, the G.O.P. was a huge Congres-sional winner here in No-vember. Five new Republi-cans won seats, with four topping Democratic incum-bents. One or more of them will now walk the plank.
Democrats did with a compu-ter what they could not do at the polls by drawing lines for 18 new districts. It’s an exer-
cise in which lawmakers seek to secure their jobs by choo-sing their constituents, not the other way around, as mi-ght be naïvely conveyed in grade school civics texts.
So Ms. Biggert has seen her suburban 13th District blown to bits, mostly into four new districts, with even Hinsdale in a new Fifth District with Wrigley Field. That’s becau-se it was drawn to favor Wri-gleyville’s current congress-man, Mike Quigley, a Chica-go Democrat.
It’s much the same for other Republican newbies in the Chicago area, including A-dam Kinzinger, Randy Hult-gren, Robert Dold and Mr. Walsh. Mr. Walsh’s home in McHenry, district office in Fox Lake and hometown of Barrington are all in his exis-ting Eighth District but, un-der the divide-and-conquer map, they’re split among
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new 14th, 10th and 6th dis-tricts, respectively.
Mr. Kinzinger, 33, saw his domain obliterated. His Man-teno home was placed inside a district meant to favor Re-presentative Jesse L. Jackson Jr. of Chicago, whose city-dominated area will incon-gruously include rural towns like Aroma Park, Buckin-gham and Herscher in far-away Kankakee County
He could run a political sui-cide mission against Mr. Jackson. Or he can move and run in a new 16th District G.O.P. primary against Re-presentative Donald Manzul-lo, the longtime Republican officeholder — or hope that Mr. Manzullo, 67, retires.
Legally, you need not live in your district, but it’s smart politics. Most of the Repu-blican incumbents are saying little about strategy, but Mr. Walsh’s choice appears clear since a new Eighth District is drawn to favor a Democrat, with chunks of DuPage and
Cook Counties and a bit of Kane County.
He could run against another Republican in a new 10th, possibly Mr. Dold, and then face a very competitive race against a Democrat. Or he could run in a G.O.P. pri-mary in a new 14th against Mr. Hultgren and have a bet-ter chance in a more Repu-blican-friendly general elec-tion.
Led by Speaker Michael J. Madigan, Democratic draftsmen had to avoid legal land mines. Those included ensuring that populations of districts were roughly equal and that “communities of interest,” like blacks and Latinos, don’t see their po-tential influence diluted. Fur-ther, courts hate districts drawn in weird shapes.
The Republican congressmen are generally confident they can win in court, as they did in 1991. They allege an ille-gal patchwork favoring De-mocrats, but some election experts don’t buy it.
Ann Lousin of John Marshall Law School — a nominal Republican — notes that key minority organizations aren’t challenging the map, as they’ve done in the past. And, at first glance, Ms. Lousin finds distinct similari-ties between this map and one drawn as part of a Co-lumbia University Law S-chool project to create non-partisan districts nationwide.
Even with fancy computer software, redistricting is an imperfect process. Some sta-tes’ efforts at nonpartisan commissions haven’t satisfi-ed everyone, either, since somebody ultimately has to pick the pickers, inevitably raising suspicions of bias.
But you can still sympathize with the Hermit Crab Repu-blicans. They’re just trying to stay employed and, some-where, find a new shell.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • INTERNATIONAL • 9/7/2011
Scandals Redefine Rules for the Press in Europe
By ALAN COWELL
PARIS — A widening pho-ne-hacking scandal is promp-ting a broad reassessment of the balance between press
freedom and privacy in Brita-in, even as France grapples with the consequences of its tradition of protecting the powerful.
If Dominique Strauss-Kahn walks free now that the sexu-al assault case against him in New York seems to be wea-kening, will the French pu-blic have a right, or, indeed,
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an appetite to know more than what emerged in Ameri-can courts? And if less-exalted people in Britain feel that their secrets should be protected too, how should they shield themselves from unscrupulous journalists hac-king into their most intimate voice mails?
The questions underscore the contrasts between cultures that, in the past, have made Britain a temple to strident disclosure and France a whispered haven of discreti-on. In both countries, the debate has reached what mi-ght, at first, seem like a tip-ping point.
In London, a tabloid news-paper, The News of the Wor-ld, was accused of eaves-dropping on the cellphones of a kidnapped and murdered schoolgirl, the relatives of people who died in the 2005 London transit bombings and possibly the families of Briti-sh war dead in Iraq and Af-ghanistan.
Such was the public revulsi-on that an embattled prime minister, David Cameron, was forced on Friday to order two separate inquiries — one into the phone-hacking scan-dal itself and the other into the behavior of the freewhee-ling British press. In a news conference, Mr. Cameron insisted that the British press tradition of self-regulation had failed.
“I believe we need a new system entirely,” he said, prompting an outcry on Sa-turday from British journa-
lists who have long resisted statutory restrictions on their freedoms, arguing that the press is able to police its own affairs.
“As a politician, Mr. Came-ron can perhaps be forgiven for trying to shift the blame,” said a columnist, Stephen Glover, in the conservative newspaper The Daily Mail. “He can’t be allowed to shackle a free press.”
Yet, the broad rules remain freighted with ambiguity, governed by two apparently conflicting clauses of the European Convention on human rights: one endorses the right to privacy, another the right to free expression.
In recent months, that legal chasm has been filled by judges’ rulings in favor of high-profile clients seeking to keep their private lives under wraps. But Mr. Came-ron has voiced unease. “It is an odd situation if the judges are making the law rather than Parliament,” he said this year.
On Friday, Mr. Cameron went much further, calling not only for a new form of press regulation, but also for an end to the cozy relation-ships between news organi-zations that are seen as wiel-ding huge influence and poli-ticians who are desperate to harness the support of the press for electoral advantage.
“Of course it is vital that our press is free,” Mr. Cameron said. “That is an essential component of our democracy
and our way of life. But press freedom does not mean that the press should be above the law.
“While it’s vital that a free press can tell truth to power, it is equally important that those in power can tell truth to the press.”
France — like much of Con-tinental Europe — has long chosen a different, less swa-shbuckling attitude toward matters of privacy, offering the powerful a degree of pro-tection that would be unthin-kable in Britain or the United States. French politicians have been able to hide be-hind some of Europe’s tigh-test privacy laws, protected by what amounted to a code of silence about the trans-gressions of the mighty. Se-xual activity among male politicians, indeed, is still seen as a sign of vigor rather than a cause for moral con-cern.
The sexual reputation of Mr. Strauss-Kahn, for instance, was known to many journa-lists but rarely publicized. The extent of that knowledge emerged only when he was arrested in New York in May and charged with trying to rape a hotel housekeeper at the Sofitel in Manhattan.
Then, just last week in Fran-ce, a novelist, Tristane Ba-non, 32, filed a criminal complaint in which she clai-med that Mr. Strauss-Kahn tried to rape her eight years ago — an accusation that Mr. Strauss-Kahn has dismissed as “imaginary.”
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In France and Britain, the past days and weeks have shown both models of repor-ting to be strained to the po-int of failure, leaving journa-lists in both countries to de-fine the role they ought to play. The epiphany, said A-lan Rusbridger, the editor of The Guardian in London, which has taken a lead in exposing the phone-hacking scandal, represents “the most severe crisis in the past two or three generations.”
And, as the author Christo-phe Deloire put it in Paris, “If tomorrow the French pe-ople, readers or voters, accu-se us again of having kept a secret among ourselves, of accepting different standards for the powerful than for the humble, what will we tell them?”
“It should be our ambition to say nothing but the truth — but the whole truth,” he con-cluded.
In a way, the malaise in both countries represents the logi-cal conclusion to longstan-
ding and contrasting definiti-ons of tolerance. Only when The News of the World stood accused in Britain of hacking the phones of ordinary peo-ple in their moments of pain did public rage ignite. In France, the spectacle of a single powerful man brought low provoked an equally passionate debate.
But as prosecutors revealed doubts about the credibility of Mr. Strauss-Kahn’s accu-ser in New York, many of his allies in the Parisian elite — particularly men — began to talk of a political comeback.
Before the episode at the Sofitel, Mr. Strauss-Kahn was widely viewed as the most likely Socialist Party challenger in France’s presi-dential election next year.
So the question arises: Is France still so magnanimous toward the sexual adventures of the powerful that Mr. S-trauss-Kahn, the former ma-naging director of the Inter-national Monetary Fund, would be permitted to re-
enter public life without an accounting of events that his lawyers say did not involve force or criminal behavior?
Some journalists say the affa-ir will — or at least should — break the mold of silence. “More than ever, the rule of journalism should be to spe-ak out,” wrote the blogger Jean Quatremer, “and the exception should be to rema-in silent.”
But there is some skepticism about whether the culture will change in France to the extent that Mr. Cameron is seeking in Britain. “Journa-lists will pay a bit more at-tention to private lives” of powerful figures, said Lucas Delattre, an author and a former Le Monde correspon-dent, “but not much.”
In Britain, journalists might well conclude that those who claim a right to call the elite to account could soon face much the same scrutiny themselves.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • INTERNATIONAL • 9/7/2011
After Years of Struggle, South Sudan Becomes a New Nation
By JEFFREY GETTLE-MAN
JUBA, South Sudan — The celebrations erupted at mid-night. Thousands of revelers poured into Juba’s steamy streets in the predawn hours
on Saturday, hoisting enor-mous flags, singing, dancing and leaping on the back of cars.
“Freedom!” they screamed.
A new nation was being born in what used to be a forlorn, war-racked patch of Africa, and to many it seemed no-thing short of miraculous. After more than five decades of an underdog, guerrilla struggle and two million li-
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ves lost, the Republic of Sou-th Sudan, Africa’s 54th state, was about to declare its inde-pendence in front of a who’s who of Africa, including the president of the country let-ting it go: Omar Hassan al-Bashir of Sudan, a war-crimes suspect.
Many of those who turned out to celebrate, overcome with emotion, spoke of their fathers, mothers, sons and daughters killed in the long struggle to break free from the Arab-dominated north.
“My whole body feels happy,” said George Garang, an English teacher who lost his father, grandfather and 11 brothers in the war.
By sunrise, the crowds were surging through the streets of Juba, the capital, to the go-vernment quarter, where the declaration of independence would be read aloud. Thou-sands of soldiers lined the freshly painted curbs, tiger patches on their arms, assault rifles in their hands. This new nation is being built on a guerrilla army — the Sudan People’s Liberation Army, whose field commanders are now South Sudan’s political leaders — and the amount of firepower here is unnerving.
By 9 a.m., the sun was dan-gerous. The faces, necks and arms of the people packed thousands deep around a pa-rade stand built for the occa-sion were glazed with sweat. A woman abruptly slumped to the dirt and was whisked away.
“She fainted because she’s happy,” said a man in the crowd. “There will be many others today.”
In a column of black poli-shed steel, one brand-new Mercedes after another, came the African leaders: Robert Mugabe, Zimbabwe’s presi-dent; Jacob Zuma, South Africa’s; Meles Zenawi, pri-me minister of Ethiopia; Te-odoro Obiang, Equatorial Guinea’s president and cha-irman of the African Union; Mwai Kibaki, Kenya’s presi-dent; and Yoweri Museveni, president of Uganda, among others.
But, almost inexplicably, Mr. Bashir, who for years prose-cuted a vicious war to keep the south from splitting off and to prevent this very day from happening, drew the loudest burst of applause when his motorcade rolled in.
“It is not happiness,” explai-ned Daniel Atem, dressed in a suit and tie for the occasi-on, a miniflag flying from his lapel. “If you are talking to your enemy, you cannot say, You are bad.” But, he added, “you know what is in your heart.”
From the mid-1950s, even before Sudan shook off its colonial yoke in 1956, the southern Sudanese were cha-fing for more rights. Sudan had an unusually clear fault line, reinforced by British colonizers, with the southern third mostly animist and C-hristian and the northern part
majority Muslim and long dominated by Arabs.
The southern struggle blew up into a full-fledged rebelli-on in the 1960s and then aga-in in the 1980s, and the Su-danese government respon-ded brutally, bombing villa-ges and unleashing Arab mi-litias that massacred civilians and enslaved southern Suda-nese children. Many of the same scorched-earth tactics associated with the crisis in Darfur, in Sudan’s west, in the mid-2000s, were tried and tested long before that here in southern Sudan. (The International Criminal Court has indicted Mr. Ba-shir on genocide charges for the Darfur massacres.)
The central government also sowed divisions among the southerners, turning ethnic groups against one another. Some of the most unspeaka-ble violence, like the Bor massacre in 1991 when tod-dlers were impaled on fence posts, was internecine.
Christian groups had been championing the southern Sudanese since the 19th cen-tury. And their efforts paid off in 2000 when George W. Bush was elected president of the United States. He ele-vated Sudan to near the top of his foreign policy agenda, and in 2005, the American government pushed the sou-thern rebels and the central government — both war we-ary and locked in a military stalemate — to sign a com-prehensive peace agreement that guaranteed the souther-ners the right to secede.
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On Saturday, one man held up a sign that said “Thank You George Bush.”
The American-backed treaty set the stage for a referendum this January in which sou-therners voted by 98.8 per-cent for independence.
At 1:20 p.m. on Saturday, the southerners officially pro-claimed their freedom.
“Recalling the long and he-roic struggle of our people,” began the legislative speaker, James Wani Igga.
A few minutes later, the flag of Sudan was lowered and the new South Sudan flag (actually quite similar, plus a star) was raised. The masses exploded in one loud roar.
“Mabrook Janoob Sudan!” they yelled. “Congratulations South Sudan!”
South Sudan’s president, Salva Kiir, wearing his sig-nature black cowboy hat gi-ven to him by Mr. Bush, sig-ned the interim Constituti-on. Then the speeches began.
“This is a beautiful day for Africa,” said Joseph Deiss, president of the United Nati-ons General Assembly. “This
is a remarkable achievement, a longstanding conflict has been stopped.”
Perhaps. But South Sudan — Texas-size and with about eight million people — is already plagued by ethnic tensions and rebellions. More than a half-dozen renegade groups are battling the go-vernment, some with thou-sands of fighters. And relati-ons with the north are still dicey. Negotiators have yet to agree on a formula to split the revenue from the south’s oilfields, which have kept the economies of both southern and northern Sudan afloat. And Mr. Bashir’s army has been pounding southern-allied rebels who have refu-sing to disarm just north of the border in the Nuba Mountains, which some a-nalysts worry could drag the whole region back into a full-scale war.
This is why Mr. Bashir’s presence here was such a curiosity. He did sign the peace agreement in 2005, and many southerners, ho-wever mixed their feelings are, are grateful to him for that.
He seemed in a magnani-mous mood on Saturday.
“This moment came through peace,” Mr. Bashir said. “We must respect it.”
He even thanked the United Nations for its hard work and said he wanted to bring peace to Darfur, though he did slip in, “Sudan’s unity would have been better,” but “I convinced myself that unity shouldn’t be through war.”
Mr. Kiir then shared a few words.
“We have waited for more than 56 years for this,” he said. “It is a dream that has come true.”
“This land has seen untold suffering and death,” he ad-ded, somberly. “We have been bombed enslaved and treated worse than a refugee in our own country. We have to forgive, though we will not forget.”
The independence ceremony then wrapped up much in the way the struggle began: with a barrage of very loud can-non shots. The crowd pum-ped their fists in the air and hollered, “South Sudan, oh yay!”
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • EDITORIALS, OP-ED AND LED • 9/7/2011
A Sordid Cast Around Casey Anthony
By FRANK BRUNI
AS a reflection of the crimi-nal justice system, the not guilty verdict for Casey An-thony — who in all likeliho-od bore responsibility for her 2-year-old daughter’s death, but will never pay for that particular crime — was reas-suring. Juries are supposed to presume the innocence of even the vilest defendants. Evidence must outweigh emotion. And in the end the-re simply wasn’t enough lu-cid, specific proof that An-thony had murdered her little girl.
But as a mirror of people’s opportunism, avarice, hypo-crisy and hysterics, the case was galling. In the Anthony trial a system that worked almost too well met a cast of characters almost too bad to be believed, and that’s true not merely, or even mainly, of the Anthonys. It applies just as much to the rogues’ gallery around them.
Take Cheney Mason, the avuncular defense lawyer with the Southern drawl and Santa beard. After the ver-dict, he decided to express his displeasure with reporters and spectators by giving them the finger.
He also berated reporters for their character assassination of Anthony, a harangue that
disregarded her conclusively proved absence of character and ignored a distinction that he, as a lawyer, surely recog-nizes: not guilty doesn’t e-qual innocent. The verdict spoke to the quality of the forensics, not the culpability of the defendant, and certain-ly didn’t transform her into a blameless, persecuted saint. She was not randomly sin-gled out by the news media — not even by Nancy Grace, HLN’s virago of vengeance.
To top it all off, Mason la-shed out at lawyers who go on TV to prattle authoritati-vely about cases they are merely observing from afar. This was especially rich, because as ABC News illus-trated in a delicious little montage, he had done preci-sely that, in regard to the Anthony trial, before he joi-ned her defense team.
That team was led by Jose Baez, an even less savory character. Although he may have a lucrative legal future, he does not have a lucrative legal past.
After graduating from law school in 1997, he couldn’t practice law for eight years because, as The Orlando Sentinel detailed in several articles about him, the Flori-da bar deemed him unfit. He was a deadbeat dad who, by 2004, owed $12,000 in child
support. He also defaulted on a student loan and declared bankruptcy at one point.
Justices of the Florida Su-preme Court, in a ruling backing the bar’s refusal to admit him, noted that he had exhibited “a total lack of respect for the rights of o-thers and a total lack of res-pect for the legal system.” Expensive dating services using elaborate algorithms haven’t produced pairings as apt as his with Anthony.
But he was enterprising. Gi-ve him that. In an effort to make ends meet while barred from the bar, he turned to swimsuit sales, starting two businesses, Bon Bon Bikinis and Brazilian Bikinis. Both failed.
He was admitted to the bar in 2005, but continued to run afoul of it, The Sentinel re-ported. The bar received a complaint about a claim on his Web site that, at the Mi-ami-Dade public defender’s office, he had won 32 of 34 jury trials. This boast failed to mention that when those cases were tried, he was not yet a practicing lawyer, but a helper instead. It has since been expunged from the site.
Rather than answer any of The Sentinel’s questions a-bout that, Baez played the race card, issuing a statement
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that accused the newspaper of “discrimination against a young, hard-working Hispa-nic lawyer.” Diversion is his métier. In his opening re-marks at Anthony’s trial, he said she had been sexually abused by her father and bro-ther. In his closing remarks, he had to leave that out, be-cause he never did get a-round to substantiating it.
No wonder he so thoroughly riled Nancy Grace, who do-esn’t need any riling. While other commentators, respon-ding fairly enough to what they were seeing and hea-ring, put their chips on An-thony’s guilt, Grace bet the whole house on it. Crusaded for it. Brooked no alternate outcome. Ever certain, ever merciless, she’d give 25-to-life to an alleged jaywalker based on the testimony of a 99-year-old with cataracts.
After the Anthony verdict, her wrath was biblical: “The devil is dancing.”
She doesn’t serve the cause of victims with such histrio-nics. She serves the cause of Nancy Grace. And she suc-ceeds only in trivializing everything — and getting ratings. A record 5.2 million
viewers turned to HLN on the judgment day. Apparen-tly many of us share her ap-petite for gross caricatures of good and evil, and come out of this as graceless as she.
And the jurors? How do they come out of it? On the one hand, they commendably wrestled with the distinction between a miserable person and a solid case, according to an interview one of them gave to ABC News. On the other, that juror accepted, as a thanks from the network, a trip to Disney World. Ano-ther juror hired an agent of sorts to canvass the networks for the most lucrative dish-for-dough arrangement.
Enough has been said about the sordid dynamics of the Anthonys. They’re pathetic. No verdict changes that or alters the probability that Casey Anthony will have a wretched future.
Beyond July 17 she may not be stuck in jail, but she’ll be stuck with herself, and will serve a kind of life sentence, just as O. J. Simpson has. Although he beat the one big rap, a host of other recko-nings — civil litigation, soci-al censure — were still to
come. He was as deranged coming out of his trial as he was going in, and that caught up with him. He is currently in a Nevada prison, doing time for armed robbery and kidnapping.
Will it be much different for Anthony, who partied while her daughter was missing, didn’t report the disappea-rance for a month and then concocted a crazy fiction about an imagined nanny’s abduction of the little girl?
Anthony is already being sued by a woman who hap-pens to share that invented nanny’s name. Already being drawn and quartered on Fa-cebook and Twitter. Already contemplating bodyguards. And already back to vam-ping. For a court appearance after the verdict, her long hair was once again undone, and she petted it.
I suspect she’ll be tripped up anew by her narcissism, di-shonesty and icy heart. They’ll doom her. They just don’t happen to be grounds for a murder conviction.
I invite you to follow me on Twitter at twit-ter.com/frankbruni.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • INTERNATIONAL • 9/7/2011
Georgia: Photographers Still Jailed By MZIA KUPUNIA Responding to concerns rai-sed by local rights groups
and photojournalists, Presi-dent Mikheil Saakashvili’s administration denied Friday
that the arrest this week of a group of photographers on suspicions of spying was
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made in retaliation for their journalistic work. Manana Manjgaladze, Mr. Saakashvi-li’s spokeswoman, said the case “is about a serious lea-kage of information from our institutions, not about journa-
lism or media activities.” A civil rights group, the Geor-gian Young Lawyers’ Asso-ciation, asked the Interior Ministry to publicly justify the secrecy concerning the case. One of the four remai-
ning detainees, Giorgi Abda-ladze, a freelancer, has an-nounced a hunger strike, ac-cording to his lawyer. The police released a fifth, a pho-tographer for The Associated Press, early Thursday.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • INTERNATIONAL • 8/7/2011
Pakistani Troops Ordered to Use Bullets to Quell Karachi Turmoil By SAHAR HABIB GHA-ZI KARACHI, Pakistan — The federal government gave paramilitary and other secu-rity forces shoot-on-sight orders against gunmen who have plunged this sprawling southern port city into four days of ethnic and political violence that has left more than 70 dead, including 18 people on Friday. More than 1,100 people have been shot dead in what are known as targeted killings in battles between ethnic groups in Karachi since the start of the year, according to the hu-man rights Commission of Pakistan. But this week’s violence has been the most sustained, said Zohra Yusuf, the chairwoman of the com-mission. “It is extremely disturbing,” Ms. Yusuf said. “The absen-ce of law enforcement agen-cies is very clear. It seems to be a poor response from the government.” After four days of intense bloodletting, the federal go-vernment on Friday finally called in 1,000 soldiers from
the Frontier Constabulary, a paramilitary force, to sup-plement the forces already deployed in the city: the po-lice and the Sindh Rangers, a force governed by the Pakis-tan Army. The new forces and the Rangers were given orders to shoot on sight. “Let me make it very clear that there is no operation planned,” Interior Minister Rehman Malik told reporters as he arrived in Karachi late Thursday night. “But defini-tely there will be targeted actions in the affected areas.” Karachi, a city of immi-grants, has a long history of political and ethnic violence. The city’s political fault lines mirror ethnic lines, and the violence has been confined to low-income areas dominated by two groups, the Pashtuns and the Muhajirs, which are aligned with competing par-ties. The Pashtuns tend to support the Awami National Party, or A.N.P., and the Muhajirs, Urdu-speaking people who immigrated from India in 1947, are aligned with Kara-chi’s strongest political party,
the Muttahida Qaumi Mo-vement, or M.Q.M. Karachi has been a traditional stron-ghold of the M.Q.M. But a wave of Pashtun mi-grants in recent years has challenged the city’s demo-graphic and political balance as the Pashtuns demand their share of political representa-tion. The main political groups also frequently have links to criminal gangs who control lucrative smuggling and black-market syndicates. “This is a bloody turf war,” said Cyril Almeida, a colum-nist with Dawn, a leading English daily newspaper in Pakistan. “On the one side you have the M.Q.M., who believe they own the city, and on the other side you have the A.N.P.” Pockets of Pashtuns and Mu-hajirs often reside right next to each other, and it is at tho-se intersections that the worst violence has broken out. “We are taking all possible measures,” said Karachi’s police chief, Saud Mirza. “Wherever there are ethnic interfaces in the city, we are
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deploying precautionary for-ces.” On Thursday, the M.Q.M. called a protest strike of workers, as politicians criti-cized the government res-ponse as inadequate. Since then, shops have pulled down their shutters, public trans-portation workers have par-ked their vehicles and gas stations have closed across the city. “Despite all our efforts of peace and tolerance, it is very apparent that the enforce-ment agencies and the Ran-gers, who operate under ins-tructions from provincial and federal government, have decided not to provide pro-tection to Karachites,” an
M.Q.M. politician, Mustafa Kamal, said in a statement. “As a result, dozens of inno-cent citizens lost their lives in open attacks and targeted killings.” The Pakistani news media reported that a 6-year-old girl had been killed after being caught in a “hail of bullets” as she walked home from school and that two public buses had been sprayed with bullets that killed at least 12 people and wounded 30. The attacks on the buses we-re aimed mainly at Muhajir passengers and appeared to be in retaliation for the kil-ling of five Pashtuns on Thursday, Dawn reported.
Ms. Yusuf, the human ri-ghts Commission’s chair-woman, is not confident that the additional security forces will dampen the underlying causes of the violence. A leading national politician, Imran Khan, said it was up to the three ruling parties in Karachi — the A.N.P., the M.Q.M. and the Pakistan Peoples Party, which leads the federal government — to take responsibility and arrest the people from their parties who are behind the violence. “Can Rehman Malik cure cancer with an aspirin?” Mr. Khan said in a televised news conference.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • THE FRONT PAGE • 9/7/2011
Wichita Doctor Takes Up Fight for Abortions By A. G. SULZBERGER WICHITA, Kan. — Not long ago, Dr. Mila Means, the physician trying to open an abortion clinic in this city, received a letter advising her to check under her car each morning — “because maybe today is the day someone places an explosive under it,” the note said. There was reason for con-cern: the last doctor to provi-de abortions here was shot to death because of his work. But rather than lower her profile, Dr. Means raised it by buying a car that nobody could miss: a bright-yellow Mini Cooper, emblazoned,
appropriately enough, with lightning bolts. “It’s partly an in-your-face response,” she explained. “You’re looking for me. I’m here.” Two years have passed since this city, for decades the vo-latile epicenter of the natio-nal fight over abortion, was shaken by the murder of Dr. George R. Tiller — a contro-versial figure because of his willingness to perform later-term abortions — by a man who said he wanted to stop the killing of babies. Since then, abortion rights advocates have hoped that someone would take Dr. Til-ler’s place to show that vio-
lence is not an effective way to stop abortions. Despite their vows to redouble their commitment, the murder of Dr. Tiller actually scared people away. Opponents, even those who criticized the killing, have noted with some satisfaction that no abortions have been provided here sin-ce. Now a little-known physician has stepped into this tinder-box environment to take the mantle — indeed, the very instruments — of the man many abortion rights advoca-tes regard as a martyr. But Dr. Means is certainly not the ideological warrior many expected to fill his
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void. She said her decision to start performing abortions was as much about making money for her struggling practice as about restoring access to a Constitutional right. A second effort to establish an abortion clinic is under way, led by a group of pro-minent abortion rights advo-cates. The group has raised money but is still searching for a doctor willing to provi-de abortions in a city where doing so has in recent years required a bulletproof vest and an armored car. “It’s about restoring access and standing our ground,” said Julie Burkhart, a former political director for Dr. Til-ler who now runs the group Trust Women. Troy Newman, the president of Operation Rescue, based in Wichita, said that abortion opponents were committed to blocking another clinic here, and that the level of protest facing anyone who participa-ted in such an efforts would be “beyond anything anyone could imagine.” He spoke with particular disdain for Dr. Means. “We will ensure that this community remains abortion free,” he said. Indeed, the efforts to open new clinics face considerable obstacles. After enacting numerous pieces of anti-abortion legislation this year, the state recently denied li-censes to two of the three remaining clinics in the state, down from 15 two decades ago. (A court has allowed the clinics to continue operating pending the outcome of a
legal challenge to the new regulations.) “It would have been difficult for Dr. Means to provide abortion care in Wichita, period,” said Peter B. Brown-lie, the president of Planned Parenthood of Kansas and Mid-Missouri, which drop-ped plans to open an abortion clinic here after failing to find a local doctor willing to endure the expected harass-ment. “Now it’s doubly diffi-cult.” But Dr. Means decided last summer that she had little choice but to try. She looked at the finances of her solo family practice and figured she might be the poo-rest doctor in the state. Though she lives modestly, she has had continuing pro-blems managing money: her credit card companies have taken her to court, and her checks occasionally bounce. Determined to work alone, she did not have enough pa-tients to cover the bills. Offering abortions seemed the easiest way to keep the doors to her small office o-pen, she said. The need was also there, she felt. The nea-rest provider was more than three hours away, and for the first time patients had been asking her where to go to end a pregnancy. (Statistics kept by the State of Kansas show that the number of women from the Wichita area who received abortions in the sta-te dropped by nearly half.) Having lived in Wichita sin-ce she was a young girl, in-cluding the “Summer of Mercy” two decades ago when thousands of protesters
blockaded clinics, Dr. Means was aware that Dr. Tiller had endured several attacks as well as decades of protest and legal challenges before his death, efforts that also succeeded in closing the o-ther clinics in the city. But she hoped — naïvely, she now says — that she would receive less attention by do-ing abortions part time and only early in the pregnancy. She bought much of Dr. Til-ler’s medical equipment and office furniture for $20,000. Her goal was to continue her family practice and also start performing abortions of fetu-ses up to 15 weeks. By her own admission, it was a sharp reversal for Dr. Me-ans, 54. Though she had grown up supporting aborti-on rights — she remembers her father instructing her that she would have to have an abortion if she got pregnant in high school — she eventu-ally became a regular chur-chgoer who taught abstinen-ce classes to Christian you-ths. In 2001, she even intervie-wed to work at a local preg-nancy crisis center that coun-sels women not to have abor-tions (she did not get the job, according to both parties, because she expressed her belief that abortion was ac-ceptable in cases of rape or incest). A decade later and no longer a regular churchgoer, she disavows her old views as the result of “religious brainwashing.” After buying the equipment last year, Dr. Means found a clinic in Kansas City, Kan., that taught her, free of char-
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ge, how to perform abortions, an arrangement that emerged out of a shared belief that Wichita should have an abor-tion provider. The first time Dr. Means arrived at the clinic, protes-ters outside pleaded with her not to have an abortion. The second time, one shouted, incredulously, “You can’t be pregnant again.” After that, they were calling her by na-me, having conducted back-ground checks using her car registration. Soon protesters were showing up at her home and business. “We already had contacts from the Tiller days, and we got it going again,” said Mark Holick, pastor of Spirit One Christian Ministry, who soon began distributing a flier with her name and ad-dress that described her as accepting “blood money for violently slaying the inno-cent.” (Another Wichita doc-tor who had also been parti-cipating in the training quit.) In the flood of mail urging Dr. Means to reconsider pro-viding abortions, the letter mentioning a possible car bomb arrived from Angel Dillard, a Christian songwri-ter who had befriended Scott Roeder after he was impriso-ned for killing Dr. Tiller. That led the Justice Depart-ment to file a lawsuit against
Ms. Dillard under a federal law protecting access to a-bortion clinics. On the Internet, opponents publicized Dr. Means’s per-sonal history, from her mo-ney problems to her marria-ge. (Her husband, a longtime family friend, is bipolar and gay, she said — they married so he could have health insu-rance. He was also her pati-ent, leading a state medical board to reprimand her.) About 100 of her patients switched to other doctors. Among them was Susan Le-ar, the head of the Pregnancy Crisis Center of Wichita, who had interviewed Dr. Means for a job there a deca-de earlier. At her last appointment in December, Ms. Lear said, Dr. Means spent more than 40 minutes explaining her chan-ge of heart on abortion, spea-king in a confessional tone. “I heard a person who step by step by step had gotten to this place,” Ms. Lear said. “She was on a mission, she knew what she was getting into.” “I said, ‘You’ve made the loneliest choice,’ ” Ms. Lear recalled telling her. Dr. Means’s work in Kansas City ended abruptly last month, after she had perfor-med about 50 abortions, half her training goal, when the
clinic shifted its focus to tr-ying to stay open under the new state regulations that dictate requirements for the size of rooms at abortion clinics, the stocking of emer-gency equipment, medicati-ons and blood supplies, and ties to hospitals. Even before those new res-trictions, there had been an obstacle: her landlord had taken her to court to block her from performing aborti-ons in her offices, and she had been unable to find an-yone willing to rent her new space. Buying or building a facility would cost as much as $1 million; she is setting up a nonprofit organization to raise money. The soonest she could begin offering abortions would be another 12 to 18 months, she said. She says she will persist. She is already receiving calls from women seeking aborti-ons, though she cannot yet provide them. Though her plan to make money has be-come a drain, she has focu-sed increasingly on her belief that women should have easy access to abortion in her ho-metown. Her opponents have predic-ted her defeat. The upside, Dr. Means said: “They’re not harassing me as much.”
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL PAIS (ES) • INTERNACIONAL • 9/7/2011
Pekín maniobra para proteger sus intereses
China, potencia más influyente en la región, respalda a Bashir y corteja al Sur JOSE REINOSO - Pekín
El pasado 28 de junio, 11 días antes de la prevista esci-sión de Sudán, el presidente del país africano, Omar al Bashir, aterrizó en Pekín para rendir una visita estratégica a su principal valedor. Bashir tenía muy claro por qué desa-fiaba la orden de detención internacional que pende so-bre su cabeza para viajar a China en un momento tan delicado. Como también te-nía muy claro el gran interés de Pekín en recibirle. China es el principal socio comerci-al de Sudán, le compra dos tercios de su producción pe-trolera y es su mayor sumi-nistrador de armas. El man-datario africano fue recibido con alfombra roja, y oyó lo que esperaba oír. El presi-dente chino, Hu Jintao, le dijo que seguirá contando con el respaldo económico, político y financiero de Pe-kín.
Bashir calificó a Hu de "ami-go y hermano" y le explicó que esperaba mantener la estabilidad cuando el país africano ya no sea uno sino dos. China quiere asegurarse de que la partición de Sudán no desembocará en choques armados que interrumpan los suministros de petróleo y afecten sus intereses e inver-siones a ambos lados de la nueva frontera. Con este ob-jetivo, ha estado impulsando una transición suave. Y aun-que mantiene estrechas rela-ciones con Jartum, el prag-matismo es ley en los pasil-los del poder en Pekín, y ha estado cortejando también al sur, donde, tras la separación, se quedará alrededor del 75% de la producción de petróleo de Sudán, que asciende a unos 500.000 barriles diarios.
Sudán es la sexta mayor fu-ente de importación de petró-leo para China: 12,6 millones de toneladas el año pasado, frente a los 44,6 millones de
toneladas de su principal suministrador, Arabia Saudí. El comercio bilateral ascen-dió a 8.600 millones de dóla-res, un 35,1% más que en 2009.
Bashir agradeció el apoyo ante la orden de captura dic-tada por la Corte Penal In-ternacional (CPI) contra él por genocidio. Pekín se negó a detener al presidente afri-cano. Los estatutos de la CPI dictan que cualquier país miembro debe arrestarle en caso de visita. Pero China no es signatario del estatuto del tribunal.
Durante la visita, ambos Go-biernos firmaron un pacto de cooperación económica, un proyecto para construir un puente en el este del país, y créditos preferenciales. La petrolera China National Petroleum prometió incre-mentar la cooperación, con objeto de potenciar la pro-ducción de crudo en el norte.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL PAIS (ES) • INTERNACIONAL • 9/7/2011
El país más joven nace hipotecado Sudán del Sur proclama su independencia lastrado por la miseria, el paro y el analfabe-tismo.- Varias milicias armadas amenazan al nuevo Estado JOSÉ MIGUEL CALA-TAYUD
Lubna Winston no puede aguantarse las lágrimas. "Es como un sueño y no me lo creo, pero es real y por eso estoy llorando", consigue decir. Momentos antes, la bandera de Sudán había sido arriada mientras se izaba la de la nueva República de Sudán del Sur, para marcar de forma oficial la indepen-dencia del país más joven del mundo.
Winston, policía de 25 años, nació durante la guerra que enfrentó al norte y al sur de Sudán desde 1983 a 2005. Entonces suena el himno del nuevo país y decenas de mi-les de personas aplauden, saltan y vitorean en el mau-soleo de John Garang, el lí-der del sur hasta su muerte, pocos meses después de la firma de la paz.
Los actos continúan y está previsto que intervenga O-mar al Bachir, el presidente del norte, enemigo del sur hasta el acuerdo de paz y sobre quien pende una orden de captura de la Corte Penal Internacional por crímenes de guerra en Darfur. Pero momentos antes de que Al Bachir empiece su discurso, un apagón deja el sistema de sonido en silencio e impide al presidente sudanés tomar
la palabra. El suceso, muy habitual en Juba, donde no hay agua corriente y la red eléctrica es incompleta y falla a menudo, recuerda que a pesar de los fastos de la independencia, el camino de Sudán del Sur como nuevo Estado está lleno de obstácu-los.
Finalmente, Al Bachir puede hablar y dice que el norte de Sudán va a apoyar al sur y que le va a ayudar a ser esta-ble. "No me creo una pala-bra, es un mentiroso", dice un miembro de la organiza-ción que prefiere no dar su nombre. "Ya verás, en unos meses volverá a haber guer-ra, en Darfur, en Kordofán del Sur, en el Nilo Azul o en Abyei, que es nuestro".
Y es que los problemas que atenazan al país más joven del mundo son numerosos. Norte y sur aún tienen que llegar a un acuerdo sobre la administración de los recur-sos petrolíferos y la tensión se mantiene alta en la nueva frontera, donde hay conflic-tos armados en la región de Abyei y en las montañas Nu-ba, en la provincia de Kordo-fán del Sur.
Por si fuera poco, "todas las clasificaciones de desarrollo económico y humano nos sitúan en los últimos pues-tos", ha reconocido el propio
Salva Kiir en su primer dis-curso como presidente de la nueva república.
Guión de una película de terror
Las estadísticas de Naciones Unidas sobre Sudán del Sur parecen el guión de una pelí-cula de terror. El 85% de la población es analfabeta. El 90% de la gente vive con menos de un dólar al día. Una de cada siete mujeres embarazadas morirá durante el parto y una niña de 15 años tiene más posibilidades de morir dando a luz que de acabar la escuela.
Pero las estadísticas siempre suponen una cierta distancia y frialdad entre los números y la realidad. Una visita al poblado de Gudele, a 20 mi-nutos de Juba por un camino de tierra, pone de inmediato rostro a los problemas de Sudán del Sur.
Allí viven Margaret Daniel, de 30 años, y sus cinco hijos, que regresaron a Juba desde el norte el 3 de diciembre del año pasado. Desde noviem-bre, más de 300.000 ciuda-danos del sur que residían en el norte han hecho el mismo viaje. "En Jartum, trabajaba como enfermera, pero los árabes no me dieron mis pa-peles y aquí no puedo encon-trar trabajo", relata Daniel. Desde que llegaron, no han
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recibido la tierra que el Go-bierno prometió darles y vi-ven en una chabola que per-tenece a un familiar.
"En el norte, teníamos nues-tra casa con electricidad y agua corriente y los niños iban al colegio", recuerda Daniel, que desde que volvió al sur vive de la caridad de sus familiares, ya que no tiene un empleo ni dinero para enviar a sus hijos a la escuela.
Este regreso masivo ha pues-to más presión en una eco-nomía ya de por sí disfuncio-nal. "La gente no ha podido cultivar, la próxima cosecha va a ser muy mala y seis de los 10 Estados de Sudán del Sur tienen un riesgo alto de sufrir hambruna", resume Lise Grande, jefa de asuntos humanitarios de la ONU para Sudán del Sur.
Otro de los grandes retos del sur es el desarme, desmovili-zación y reintegración (D-DR) de 150.000 miembros de las diferentes fuerzas arma-das del nuevo país. "El pro-blema es la ausencia de opor-tunidades económicas", señala William Deng Deng, presidente de la Comisión de DDR de Sudán del Sur. "No-sotros podemos quitarles el rifle y enseñarles a leer y algún oficio, pero si cuando salen no tienen trabajo, hasta podrían suponer un problema de seguridad porque las mili-cias rebeldes podrían reclu-tarles".
Se trata de siete grupos ar-mados que han pasado de estar aliados con las fuerzas del sur a oponerse al régimen de Juba. Más de 2.300 perso-nas han muerto en lo que va de año en enfrentamientos
entre estas milicias y el Ejér-cito, según cifras de la ONU.
Pero no todo es negativo, y hoy en Juba el ambiente es de optimismo y los ciudada-nos del nuevo Estado se ven capaces de superar todas las dificultades. Las celebracio-nes continúan durante el do-mingo y la semana que viene. Como parte de estas, las se-lecciones de fútbol y balon-cesto jugarán sus primeros partidos como representantes de un país independiente. "En el pasado había muchos problemas y lo cierto es que también ahora", dice Majok Mangar, de 20 años, una de las mejores promesas del equipo sursudanés de balon-cesto. "Pero cuando el lunes me vista la camiseta de mi nuevo país y salga a la pista será un sueño hecho realidad y espero que la gente esté orgullosa de nosotros".
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL PAIS (ES) • ESPAÑA • 9/7/2011
Sala: "He pedido hasta la saciedad la renovación del Constitucional" El presidente del Tribunal Constitucional, Pascual Sala, confía en que el Congreso renueve a los cuatro magis-trados que tienen caducado su mandato antes del 1 de septiembre, ya que él ha di-cho "hasta la saciedad" que la renovación debe producir-se "cuanto antes". Sala añadió que ha recordado a los grupos parlamentarios
que tienen la "obligación" de acordar ya esa renovación, y que el retraso de siete meses "debe ser remediado" para que la ley se cumpla.
En la clausura de un curso de verano organizado en El Es-corial por la Universidad Complutense, Sala defendió también el cumplimiento de la ley de banderas, en alusión a la consulta popular que ha
convocado el Ayuntamiento de Lizartza (Gipuzkoa), go-bernado por Bildu, para de-cidir si iza o no en el balcón la enseña española. "Hay una ley de banderas bastante an-tigua, democrática, con arre-glo a la Constitución, que como todas las leyes debe ser cumplida", afirmó.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • FRANKSURTER ALLGEMEINE (BL) • POLITIK • 9/7/2011 • 09:22:45
Streit um das Gorki-Theater: Der Stempel der Geschichte
Seit einundzwanzig Jahren streiten das Land Berlin und die Sing-Akademie um das Gor-ki-Theater. Die 220 Jahre alte Akademie gilt als ältester gemischter Chor der Welt. Vor dem Berliner Kammergericht musste er jetzt eine weitere Niederlage einstecken. Von Henrike Roßbach, Berlin
In der „Sing-Akademie zu Berlin“ scheint man in großen Zusammenhängen zu denken. Groß genug jeden-falls, um nicht klein beizuge-ben in einem Rechtsstreit mit dem Land Berlin, der 1990 begann und inzwischen leicht kafkaeske Züge trägt. Seit 220 Jahren gibt es die Sing-Akademie bereits, die als ältester gemischter Chor der Welt gilt, und seit Donners-tag ist nun auch klar, dass sie noch ein bisschen größer wird denken müssen als bis-lang - mindestens mal bis zu der Ebene des Bundesgeri-chtshofs. Denn vor dem Ber-liner Kammergericht musste sie eine weitere Niederlage einstecken in ihrer Dauerfeh-de mit der Senatsverwaltung.
Flurstück 11, Verkehrsfläche „Platz der Märzrevolution“ (früher „Am Festungsgra-ben/Dorotheentraße“), 1390 Quadratmeter. Und: Flurs-tück 12, Gebäude und Freifläche „Dorotheenstraße 9, 11/Am Festungsgraben 2“, 934 Quadratmeter. Darum geht es. Eigentlich. Es geht aber auch um ein Stück deutsch-deutscher Geschich-te, um die sowjetische Besat-zung, die Teilung der Stadt und die heutige Kulturpolitik.
Es geht um klamme Haushal-te, das Verhältnis von Staat und Bürgertum - und um das Maxim-Gorki-Theater, das heute auf den Grundstücken steht, um die Berlin und die Sing-Akademie so ausdau-ernd streiten.
Im Grundbuch stand weite-rhin die Sing-Akademie
Die Geschichte, der am Don-nerstag im Saal 264 des Kammergerichts ein weiteres Kapitel hinzugefügt wurde, begann 1824 mit einem Ges-chenk. Preußens König Frie-drich Wilhelm III. vermachte der „Singe-Accademie“ das Grundstück am Kastanienwäldchen, „um darauf ein zu ihren Singü-bungen und Versammlungen bestimmtes Gebäude zu erri-chten“. 1827 wurde das „Haus für die Chormusik“ eingeweiht; es war der erste reine Konzertsaal Berlins. Er war für seine Akustik be-rühmt. Paganini, Liszt, S-chumann und Brahms spiel-ten dort, Alexander von Humboldt gab Vorlesungen. Am 22. November 1943 wurde das Haus bei einem Bombenangriff schwer beschädigt. Die sowjetischen Besatzer bauten es nach Kri-egsende wieder auf; später zog das heutige Gorki-Theater ein. Schon 1950 hat-
te die Sowjetische Kontroll-kommission das Theater an die DDR übergeben. Im Grundbuch aber stand weite-rhin die Sing-Akademie, die jedoch seit Kriegsende im Westteil der Stadt probte und deshalb abgeschnitten war von ihrer ursprünglichen Wirkungsstätte. Erst im No-vember 1961 wurde der Vermerk „Eigentum des Volkes“ ins Grundbuch ein-getragen.
Die Frage, um die heute die Gerichte kreisen, ist die, ob jener Stempel aus dem Jahr 1961 eine Enteignung bedeu-tete oder nicht. Das Skurrile ist: Während die Sing-Akademie vor den Verwal-tungsgerichten argumentiert, sie sei enteignet worden und müsse ihr Haus deshalb zu-rückbekommen, kämpft sie vor den Zivilgerichten für das genaue Gegenteil - nämlich dafür, noch immer die Eigentümerin zu sein, weshalb nur das Grundbuch geändert werden müsse. „Es ist eine teuflische Situation“, sagt Georg Graf zu Castell-Castell. Der Jurist ist Vors-tandsvorsitzender der Sing-Akademie und begleitet den Rechtsstreit seit 2003. „Ei-nem Laien ist das eigentlich gar nicht zu erklären“, sagt er - und versucht es trotzdem.
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Das Verhältnis gilt ohnehin als angespannt
1990 hatte die Sing-Akademie beim örtlichen Amt zur Regelung offener Vermögensfragen die Rück-gabe der Grundstücke samt Gorki-Theater beantragt. Sechs Jahre dauerte es, dann wurde der Antrag abgelehnt; 1999 lehnte das Landesamt auch den Widerspruch der Sing-Akademie ab. Darau-fhin reichte sie diese Klage beim Berliner Verwaltungs-gericht ein. 2004 verlor sie auch dieses Verfahren - al-lerdings mit einer für sie äußerst günstigen Urteilsbe-gründung. Das Gericht war nämlich der Ansicht, dass die Sing-Akademie deshalb kei-nen Anspruch auf Rücküber-tragung habe, weil sie nach wie vor die Eigentümerin sei. Weder durch die sowjetis-chen Besatzer noch durch die DDR-Behörden sei sie en-teignet worden. Ihre Ansprü-che müsse sie deshalb vor den Zivilgerichten durchset-zen und eine Grundbuchberi-chtigung verlangen.
Die Sing-Akademie schlug diesen Weg ein, hielt das alte Verwaltungsverfahren aber vorsichtshalber weiter offen. Der Grund: Sollte sie mit der Grundbuchänderung schei-tern, wäre der Prozess vor den Verwaltungsgerichten die letzte Chance, das Haus noch zurückzubekommen oder zumindest eine Entschädigung zu erhalten. Damit aber begann die schi-zophrene Phase des Rechtss-treits: Je nach Gerichtsbar-keit muss die Sing-Akademie seither entweder ihre Enteig-
nung oder ihre nach wie vor bestehende Eigentümerschaft nachweisen.
Zunächst jedoch versuchten das Land und der Chor, sich außerhalb der Gerichtssäle zu einigen. Schwierig war das auch deshalb, weil das Verhältnis ohnehin als an-gespannt gilt. Die Sing-Akademie wirft dem Land vor, nichts übrig zu haben für eine rein von bürgerlichem Engagement getragene Einri-chtung. Und das Land trägt dem Chor nach, dass die Ve-reinigung mit der zu DDR-Zeiten im Ostteil der Stadt gegründeten „Berliner Sin-gakademie“ nicht zustande kam. 2008 scheiterten die Gespräche dann auch - weil die Sing-Akademie an ihrem Eigentumsanspruch festge-halten habe und das Land diesen Anspruch ein für alle Mal klären lassen wollte, lässt André Schmitz, Staatssekretär für Kultur, mitteilen.
Die Sing-Akademie will ni-cht lockerlassen
Die Sing-Akademie verlang-te deshalb vor dem Landgeri-cht die Grundbuchänderung - und gewann. Im Februar 2010 wurde Berlin verurteilt, „seine Zustimmung zur Beri-chtigung des Grundbuchs (...) zu erteilen“. Das Land aber dachte gar nicht daran und legte Berufung ein. Mit Er-folg, wie die Entscheidung des Kammergerichts vom Donnerstag zeigt. Der dortige 28. Zivilsenat nämlich sieht in dem gesamten Geschehen zwischen Kriegsende und den sechziger Jahren eine
Enteignung, weshalb das Grundbuch nicht geändert werden könne. Das Urteil der vorangegangen Instanz hätten sie „rechtlich nicht für überzeugend“ gehalten, be-gründet die Senatskanzlei ihren Marsch durch die Ins-tanzen. Die Grundstücke seien nun mal im Grundbuch als Eigentum des Landes eingetragen. Und aufgeben könne Berlin diese Liegens-chaft von „erheblicher kultu-reller und finanzieller Bedeu-tung“ nur nach einer „eindeu-tigen und abschließenden Klärung der Rechtslage“. Doch auch die Sing-Akademie will nicht locker-lassen. Sie ist entschlossen, vor den Bundesgerichtshof zu ziehen - auch wenn das Kammergericht die Revision erst einmal nicht zugelassen hat.
„Das alles wirft ein erstaunli-ches Licht darauf, was die Bürgerkultur gilt in dieser Stadt - nämlich gar nichts“, empört sich Castell über die Hartnäckigkeit des Landes. Sie wollten das Gorki-Theater ja gar nicht vertrei-ben, fügt er hinzu. Berlin solle der Sing-Akademie lediglich eine Pacht zahlen für die Nutzung des Hauses. Der Sing-Akademie, der un-ter anderem ein bedeutendes Notenarchiv gehört, würde das dauerhaft die wirtschaf-tliche Existenz sichern. Im Gegensatz zu anderen Berli-ner Chören erhielten sie nämlich keine städtischen Fördermittel - und wollten auch gar keine haben, sagt Castell. „Wahrscheinlich aber ist genau das dem Senat
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suspekt. Es ist wirklich un-glaublich schwer, in dieser Stadt eine freie bürgerliche Vereinigung zu führen.“ Das Land dagegen verweist auf seine Finanznot und warnt, dass eine Entscheidung zu-gunsten der Sing-Akademie „erhebliche finanzielle Aus-wirkungen“ hätte. Zwar
könne die Pacht noch nicht beziffert werden. Sie hätte aber „einen erheblichen Me-hrbedarf für den Kulturhau-shalt“ zur Folge. Hinzu komme, dass Berlin auch als Pächter weiter für den Unte-rhalt des Hauses aufkommen solle.
Der zweite Direktor der Sing-Akademie, Carl Frie-drich Zelter, hatte 1816 kons-tatiert: „Das Haupthindernis einer festen Verfassung für die Sing-Akademie ist und bleibt der Mangel eines eige-nen Lokals.“ Seine Nachfol-ger scheinen dies genauso zu sehen.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL UNIVERSAL • ARTE Y ENTRETENIMIENTO • 9/7/2011
Denuncian atropellos en VTV
El Sindicato de Trabajadores acudirá al Ministerio del Trabajo YOLIMER OBELMEJÍAS VALDEZ
Integrantes del Sindicato de Trabajadores de Venezolana de Televisión (VTV) se diri-girán en los próximos días al Ministerio del Poder Popular para el Trabajo para denunci-ar la violación de sus dere-chos laborales, específica-mente, la contratación de camarógrafos españoles du-rante la transmisión del desfi-le del 5 de julio y la no dis-cusión del contrato colectivo durante 21 años. Así lo dio a conocer, el secretario general del ente gremial, Igor Alcalá, el cual integra a más de 700 trabajadores de la planta. "Rechazamos toda contrata-ción de personal extranjero para realizar en el país una
producción audiovisual de esa magnitud, desconociendo así la mística y capacidad de los profesionales de VTV y ocupando nuestras plazas de trabajo, señaló.
Ni antes ni después de la emisión del acto guberna-mental el personal técnico fue informado por alguna autoridad de VTV sobre los motivos de la medida. "Ten-go 10 años en el canal y, po-co a poco, nos han ido des-plazando usando la figura del Sistema Nacional de Medios Públicos, en el cual intervie-nen trabajadores de VIVE, ANTV, Tves y prensa presi-dencial", explicó.
El pasado 6 de abril el Sindi-cato consignó el Proyecto de Contratación Colectiva 2011-
2013 ante el Ministerio del Trabajo y hasta la fecha no ha recibido respuesta por parte del medio. "Estamos haciendo todo lo conducente para hacer valer nuestros derechos y vamos a actuar legalmente para que respon-dan de acuerdo a lo previsto en la Constitución y en la Ley Orgánica del Trabajo", destacó Alcalá.
El dirigente sindical rechazó los ataques propinados al dirigente del grupo JAVU, Lorent Saleh. "No estamos de acuerdo con la violencia. Los trabajadores no partici-pan en esos actos, fueron los guardaespaldas de Mario Silva", expresó.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL UNIVERSAL • INTERNACIONAL • 9/7/2011
Sudán del Sur se convierte hoy en un país libre y soberano
El gobierno de Jartum prometió respetar el resultado del referendo EL UNIVERSAL
Juba, Sudán.- Sudán del Sur se convertirá hoy en un país independiente, gracias a un referéndum que puso fin a cinco décadas de conflicto con el norte y que cortará en dos al país más grande de África. Millones de sudane-ses del sur, así como 30 diri-gentes africanos y altos res-ponsables de otros países asistirán al nacimiento del 54º Estado soberano del con-tinente africano, algo que hasta hace unos meses mu-chos consideraban improba-ble, mencionó AFP.
"Es algo que la gente espera-ba desde hace años. Un mo-mento que celebraremos con júbilo", afirmó Mangar Gor-don Marial, portavoz oficial del gobierno de Sudán del Sur.
Entre 1955, un año antes de la independencia de Sudán (hasta ese momento un con-dominio anglo-egipcio) y 2005, los rebeldes sudistas lanzaron dos guerras contra Jartum con reclamos de au-tonomía.
Los conflictos arrasaron la región, provocaron millones de muertos y generaron una desconfianza durable entre las dos partes del país.
El acuerdo de paz firmado en 2005 por el jefe de los rebel-des John Garang -unos meses antes de su muerte en un ac-cidente de helicóptero- y el presidente de Sudán Alí Os-mán Taha abrió un nuevo capítulo y la vía a un refe-réndum sobre la independen-cia, realizado en enero pasa-do.
Los sudistas optaron unáni-mamente por la secesión en
un voto organizado sin inci-dente mayor y cuyos resulta-dos Jartum prometió respetar.
En el programa de celebra-ciones, organizadas en el mausoleo John Garang en la capital, Juba, hay paradas militares, danzas tradiciona-les, una ceremonia para izar la bandera de la nueva Repú-blica del Sudán del Sur y la firma de la Constitución por su primer presidente, Salva Kiir.
La nueva nación deberá dar respuesta a enormes desafíos, como los enfrentamientos en la frontera que ya provocaron 1.800 muertos este año, indi-cadores sociales que la mues-tran como una de las menos desarrolladas del mundo y negociaciones sobre la sepa-ración de bienes y la rees-tructuración de sectores con Sudán del Norte.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL UNIVERSAL • OPINIÓN • 9/7/2011
Funes: la ruina por América Latina
La historia del FMLN en la lucha armada es sanguinaria, llena de abominables crímenes CARLOS RAÚL HER-NÁNDEZ
El 15 de marzo de 2009, Mauricio Funes, periodista, candidato independiente del Frente Farabundo Martí (F-
MLN), triunfó en las elec-ciones salvadoreñas con 52,2%, sobre 48,7% de Are-na que había gobernado des-de 1992, al terminar el holo-causto de cien mil víctimas creado por la guerrilla. Am-
bos partidos nacen de la guerra. El primero por la fusión de cinco grupos revo-lucionarios, y el otro para hacerle frente. Junto a la Democracia Cristiana, liqui-daron la insurrección. La
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historia del FMLN en la lu-cha armada es sanguinaria, llena de abominables críme-nes entre los miembros de la cúpula. De una dura recon-versión de veinte años hacia el poder, derivó un partido socialdemócrata, que lo se-guiría siendo de no mediar la ruina que camina por Améri-ca Latina. Lavan finalmente su cara con Funes, un social-demócrata al estilo Lula co-mo él se ha definido, y el expresidente Alfredo Cristia-ni lo avaló en la campaña: "Funes genuinamente no es parte del grupo dentro del FMLN que quiere conducir a El Salvador a una dictadura". Pero José Luis Merino alias "Ramiro", líder fundamental, es un "aliado" de las FARC, susurran las computadoras de Reyes. Y ha explicado su estrategia... "es llegar al po-der, conquistarlo a la entera y que esa forma de gobierno no cambie. Por supuesto, no con bayonetas ni con persecuci-ón. Hay ejemplos como Ve-nezuela, que es nuestro mo-delo". Pero se le atravesaron el Congreso, el Consejo E-lectoral, la Corte Suprema de Justicia ¡y Funes!
Meses antes de las elecciones presidenciales, se eligieron los 84 diputados a la Asam-blea Legislativa. El FMLN obtuvo 43,3% de los votos y 37 diputados. Arena 37,7% de votos y 34 puestos. El Partido Demócrata Cristiano (PDC) 7 legisladores, el Par-tido de Conciliación Nacio-nal (PCN) 4, y 1 cada uno Centro Democrático y Frente Democrático Revolucionario.
Arena le arrebató al FMLN su bastión, la alcaldía de San Salvador que había tenido durante cuatro períodos con-secutivos desde 1997. Le quedaron 80 de los 262 mu-nicipios, entre ellos Santa Ana, de gran relevancia polí-tica y económica.
El FMLN intentó obtener el control de la Sala Constitu-cional de la Corte Suprema en un retorcido acuerdo cu-ando Tony Saca aún era pre-sidente, lo que prendió alar-mas e hizo temer que, por alguna razón, Saca fuera sus-ceptible de chantajes. Luego doce congresistas de Arena renunciaron a su partido, se declararon "independientes" y votaron con el FMLN con-tra una investigación que auspiciaba su partido sobre dolo en subsidios agrícolas. Saca niega saber del asunto pero la prensa señala víncu-los entre su gente y la de "Ramiro". Cristiani, y Rodol-fo Parker jefe del PDC, de-nunciaron ofertas de entre US$ 300.000 y US$ 700.000 a diputados para votar con el FMLN, que se acercaba así a la mayoría de dos tercios del Congreso para plantear la Constituyente. Los demás factores, entre ellos el Presi-dente, ha jugado a fondo para que no la alcancen.
Funes enfrenta una feroz campaña de descrédito de la izquierda por haber puesto el ejecútese a una ley aprobada en el Congreso con los votos de los partidos conservadores Arena, GANA, PCN y PDC. Esta ley obliga a la ya co-
mentada Sala Constitucional de cinco magistrados, a deci-dir por unanimidad como todas las demás de la Corte Suprema, hasta su renovaci-ón en julio del año que viene. El Presidente no ha hecho más que firmar la ley legíti-mamente aprobada, en medio de una "ofensiva contra la derecha" que ejecutaba la Sala Constitucional, por ma-yoría, en el camino de la de-sestabilización. Había cance-lado por mayoría la existen-cia de dos de los partidos democráticos, PCN y PDC, se disponía a destituir magis-trados, entre ellos el presi-dente de la Corte, Belardino Gracia, y tomaría medidas contra la dolarización y el TLC.
Los presidentes de la Asam-blea Legislativa, Sigfrido Reyes y del Tribunal Electo-ral, Eugenio Chicas, y el vo-cero oficial Roberto Loren-zana, principales líderes del FMLN, rechazaron la ley sancionada por Funes, en este nuevo paso de alejami-ento del socialismo del siglo XXI. Funes vive una situaci-ón difícil. No se sabe si de ahora en adelante tendrá que gobernar con Arena; y ya que el país ha reducido el creci-miento económico precisa-mente como consecuencia de la prédica izquierdizante con-tra el capital privado. Cum-plir las promesas de justicia social y mejorar la vida de los salvadoreños, solo sería posible si amarra la lengua radical y establece una rela-ción de trabajo con los inver-sionistas.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL UNIVERSAL • OPINIÓN • 9/7/2011
Antes que me desmaye
La presidenta del TSJ pone su cargo al servicio de una tal "revolución" ADOLFO P. SALGUEIRO
Presidente, seguimos traba-jando, aquí estamos SUS instituciones y estamos, pues, sobre todo, firmes en el a-vance de las responsabilida-des que nos ha encomendado y las cuales no vamos a de-fraudar ni ahora ni nunca". La frase que antecede fue publicada en la página 1-3 de "El Universal" el pasado sábado 2 de julio. No perte-nece a ningún funcionario del gobierno de Saddam Hussein ni a un ministro de Mugabe o de Gadafi, ni menos aún a un activista político rojo-rojito emocionado frente al Balcón del Pueblo sino que es atribu-ida a la magistrada Luisa Estella Morales, presidenta del Tribunal Supremo de Justicia y de la Sala Consti-tucional del mismo. Antes de caer desmayados ante tal declaración procuraremos juntar fuerzas para hacer al-gunos comentarios avalados con el poquito de autoridad profesional que nos puede otorgar una permanencia de cuatro décadas en la enseñanza universitaria del Derecho además de la condi-ción de ciudadanos preocu-pados por el país.
En primer lugar entendemos -a menos que ya no sea así-
que las instituciones son de la República, están descritas y acotadas en la Constituci-ón Nacional por lo que luce insólito que la titular del Po-der Judicial (del país, no de Chávez), que tiene la misión de controlar la constituciona-lidad, afirme ante el caudillo convaleciente que sigue tra-bajando para SUS institucio-nes, lo cual -sin necesidad de interpretación alguna- signi-fica que Júpiter es el dueño de las mismas y no la Repú-blica como lo señala la Carta Fundamental.
Continúa diciendo la señora magistrada que ella -y otros más porque conjuga en plu-ral- continúan firmes en el avance de las responsabilida-des que el propio caudillo les ha encomendado. En esas mismas décadas de reflexión jurídica siempre tuvimos claro que el Tribunal Supre-mo de Justicia tiene las res-ponsabilidades que le confie-re la Constitución y la ley toda vez que el "estado social de derecho y de justicia" re-quiere, proclama y exige la independencia de los Poderes del Estado como garantía del equilibrio en el que se sus-tenta la democracia, sea esta representativa, participativa, protagónica o con el adjetivo que se desee.
Vale decir pues que la presi-denta del TSJ, cabeza del Poder Judicial, en nombre del colectivo que representa, pone su cargo al servicio de una tal "revolución" y no al de garantizar la estricta apli-cación de la ley que es lo que la Constitución le encomi-enda. Eso sí, todo ello despu-és de que esos mismos revo-lucionarios (a excepción de cinco) resolvieron adjudicar-se cesta-tickets por el monto de diez mil bolívares mensu-ales seguro que para garanti-zarse su propia "soberanía alimentaria".
Si la cosa es así a esto se lo llevó el diablo y poco será lo que podamos comentar a nuestros alumnos cuando nos preguntan por qué hay tanta diferencia entre lo que estu-dian y la realidad diaria que ven al graduarse.
Expresadas ya las inquietu-des que anteceden nos consi-deramos autorizados para desmayarnos a la espera de volver a ponernos de pie pronto para presenciar y co-mentar la próxima sorpresa que el derecho revoluciona-rio nos depare. ¡Que Dios nos encuentre confesados!
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR •
EL UNIVERSAL • OPINIÓN • 9/7/2011
¿Subordinada al pueblo? NERIO ENRIQUE RO-MERO Un oficial de nuestro Ejérci-to, de muy elevado rango (por quien tengo, por cierto, aprecio en lo personal) acaba de declarar, con motivo de los festejos del 5 de julio, que "la Fuerza Armada Na-cional Bolivariana (FANB) está subordinada al pueblo". Esta afirmación, aparente-mente inocente, es en nuestra opinión problemática porque su significado es confuso. Y en tema tan delicado como el de los principios a los que debe obedecer la institución a la que le están confiadas constitucionalmente las ar-mas, no caben ideas confu-sas. Porque es fácil, aprecia-do general, que de allí se pase interesadamente a cole-gir que el socialismo, por ejemplo, por ser una ideolo-gía que (según sus partidari-os) busca el bienestar del pueblo deba ser la ideología de la institución armada. Al-gunos por su parte podrían entonces proponer que sea el budismo, por buscar la tras-cendencia del ser humano, la filosofía que conviene al pu-eblo. Y usted sabe que no faltan en el planeta quienes digan que es el apego a la ley islámica, por ejemplo, lo que debe regir al gobierno del pueblo. Por cierto, jerarcas del mundo musulmán que han mantenido estrecha afi-nidad con el actual gobierno venezolano, sostienen y apli-
can, a veces a palos y a tiros, ese principio. Muchos como yo creemos que el liberalis-mo económico, con una pru-dente y responsable vigilan-cia estatal es el mejor de los enfoques posibles en el mo-mento histórico actual para la creación de condiciones de bienestar y desarrollo perso-nal y colectivo. ¿Para quién? Para el pueblo. Fíjese, apre-ciado general, que mi ideolo-gía también es para el pue-blo. No pretendo sin embar-go que mis creencias sean las de la institución armada, ni que deban serlo el budismo o el islamismo, para mencionar los otros ejemplos utilizados. Pero tampoco el socialismo, como posiblemente querría usted. Todas estas, y otras que faltan, no son en defini-tiva sino parcialidades; y la que aparentemente usted prefiere es, decididamente, una parcialidad política. Pero esto se convierte en un problema cuando usted mis-mo, en sus declaraciones, afirma que "los oficiales mi-litares se han plegado a los cambios en los nuevos tiem-pos de revolución". Es decir (pregunto) ¿a lo qué el actual gobierno denomina "socia-lismo"? Porque todo se com-plica más cuando usted en el desfile bicentenario se despi-de con la consigna "Patria socialista o muerte". ¿No es esa la consigna de una parci-alidad política... que implica (por una palabra, digo) la
muerte?, ¿de quién? ¿Acaso la de quienes no somos mi-embros de esa parcialidad, insisto, política? De allí, a-preciado general, que con todo respeto me atreva a a-firmar que su declaración de que la Fuerza Armada Na-cional está subordinada al pueblo, puesta al lado de las otras dos (especialmente la de su despedida en el desfi-le), se convierte en el mejor de los casos, en un oscurísi-mo galimatías. Y en el peor... ¡sabe Dios! Mejor entonces apegarnos a la Constitución, que en su artículo 328 dice que la insti-tución armada "está al servi-cio exclusivo de la Nación y en ningún caso al de persona o parcialidad política algu-na". Eso es ley. Y fíjese que dice "la Nación", un concep-to superior al de República, superior al de Estado, y mu-cho más aún, al de Gobierno (sabemos que los gobiernos siempre son pasajeros). Aun-que sea innecesario decirlo, superior también al de parti-do. Creo que es preferible entonces decir que la Fuerza Armada está subordinada a la Nación, y que ya es tiempo de quitarle al léxico de la institución todos esos lemas y adjetivos, verdaderos pe-gostes de tipo político, que por cierto la Constitución no permite. Ojalá haya oídos... Médico y Profesor Universi-tario
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR •
EL UNIVERSAL • NACIONAL Y POLÍTICA • 9/7/2011
Eveling de Rosales: Manuel decidió regresar a Venezuela
La Alcaldesa de Maracaibo no precisó fecha pero dijo es inminente EL UNIVERSAL Sin despejar la incógnita so-bre la fecha precisa cuando el líder fundador de Un Nuevo Tiempo (UNT), Manuel Ro-sales cumplirá su oferta, la alcaldesa de Maracaibo y esposa del también exgober-nador del Zulia, Eveling Tre-jo de Rosales (UNT), afirmó que el dirigente exiliado en Perú ahora sí regresa al país. "Yo no puedo afirmar que será el miércoles. Puede ser el jueves o el viernes. Lo que sí puedo informarles es que Manuel Rosales decidió re-gresar a Venezuela. El arribo del exgobernador del Zulia será más pronto de lo que se
cree. Estoy segura que el pueblo lo espera con los bra-zos abiertos", dijo Eveling Trejo según un boletín de prensa de la Alcaldía de Ma-racaibo. Explicó la funcionaria que Rosales se pondrá a derecho al regresar al país y enfrenta-rá las acusaciones hechas en su contra por la Fiscalía Ge-neral de la República. "Cómo cualquier ciudadano enfrentará la justicia, porque tiene todo el derecho consti-tucional para hacerlo. Manu-el salió del país, porque las garantías en su juicio no es-taban dadas. La historia ha cambiado y el panorama po-
lítico es otro. Vendrán tiem-pos de gloria", dijo la alcal-desa. En cuanto a la partici-pación de Rosales en las e-lecciones primarias de la Mesa de la Unidad, previstas para el mes de febrero de 2012, declinó responder. "No es mí competencia", dijo. "No podemos tener apetenci-as personales. Es hora de que todos estos demonios y fan-tasmas sueltos dejen a un lado sus pretensiones perso-nales y piensen en Venezue-la. El pueblo será quien deci-da su candidato presidencial y seremos respetuosos", ase-guró la alcaldesa .
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL UNIVERSAL • NACIONAL Y POLÍTICA • 9/7/2011
Aguiar llama a romper con el estigma de los caudillos
El ex ministro asegura que la Constitución "nos lanza al basurero" EL UNIVERSAL
Porlamar.- Para Asdrúbal Aguiar, ex ministro de Rela-ciones Interiores, Venezuela tiene que superar la depen-dencia de los caudillos para avanzar hacia el desarrollo. "En la medida que los vene-zolanos sigan invocando a ese gendarme no tendremos la posibilidad de convertirnos en un país de propietarios e iguales", manifestó Aguiar
en el marco de la 67ª asam-blea anual de Fedecámaras que se está celebrando en Margarita.
El también ex magistrado de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (CIDH) recordó que a lo largo de su historia el país ha optado por la sujeción a un líder y no por la consolidación de sus instituciones.
"La hora es buena y es perti-nente en este momento de tantas incógnitas para que antes de quejarnos del Gobi-erno o la oposición (... ) plan-tearnos si estamos dispuestos a archivar a ese gendarme histórico".
El académico expresó que más allá de las denuncias que algunos ciudadanos han rea-lizado en los organismos internacionales por la viola-
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ción de sus derechos de parte del Gobierno nacional, "el gran desafío es cambiar lo que ocurre en el orden inter-no".
En deuda
Al cumplirse 200 años de vida republicana, Aguiar observa: "No hay indepen-dencia ni puede predicarse la soberanía popular allí donde cada hombre no es capaz de valerse por sí mismo y de luchar por su libertad; de exigir que el cuerpo social le otorgue seguridad a su per-sona y a sus bienes; de hacer parte de un país de propieta-rios y no de mendigos o sir-
vientes del autócrata; de in-tegrarse en una sociedad con instituciones y orgánicamen-te participativa, que no dis-crimina, cuyos ciudadanos no usan de las mayorías para liquidar los iguales derechos de las minorías. No hay in-dependencia donde el poder se ejerce a perpetuidad". El ex titular del MIJ advierte que "no hay democracia ni de forma ni de fondo allí donde los militares no se subordi-nan a la autoridad civil o inhiben la participación ciu-dadana confiscándola".
Aguiar sostiene que la Cons-titución de 1999 "nos lanza al basurero de la historia".
"Luego de 1999 los derechos humanos y entre éstos la propiedad son interpretados según las necesidades del Estado y los mandatos de la revolución", alerta el experto legal quien concluye: "entro-niza al gobernante legislador, quien de suyo ata a sí a la Justicia, encarnando al Esta-do y también a los ciudada-nos; y a éstos los hace de-pender - por preferirse - de la seguridad del mismo Estado y de la articulación que éste encuentra con la sociedad a través de los cuarteles".
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • CLARÍN (AR) • POLICIALES • 9/7/2011
A los hombres les aplican penas más bajas que a las mujeres
Por Virginia Messi Ante la ley todos somos i-guales... o deberíamos serlo. Lo cierto es que en el sistema penal persisten las diferenci-as y una de ellas es la de gé-nero: hombres y mujeres no son tratados igual por los jueces en los casos de homi-cidios conyugales o de pa-reja . Esa es la primer con-clusión de un estudio finan-ciado por UNIFEM (una ofi-cina de las Naciones Unidas) y que, a través de la Oficina de la Mujer de la Corte Su-prema de la Nación, será utilizado para la capacita-ción de magistrados . La investigación fue realiza-da por la socióloga Silvia Chejter, del Centro de Encu-
entros Cultura y Mujer, y la abogada Marcela Rodríguez, del Centro Interdisciplinario para el Estudio de Políticas Públicas. Ambas analizaron 144 sentencias, con mujeres y hombres imputados de este tipo de homicidios (incluidas las tentativas). La mayoría (102) fueron dictadas por los 30 tribunales de Capital entre 1993 y 2010. “Las estadísticas convergen: los riesgos de ser asesina-das por sus parejas mascu-linas son más elevados para las mujeres que viceversa ”, comienza el informe. En nú-meros: 66% contra 34%. “Si bien hay más condenas contra varones que contra mujeres, la tendencia se invi-
erte a la hora de valorar la pena: a los hombres se los beneficia con más atenuan-tes . Paradójicamente, a ve-ces los antecedentes de vio-lencia previa son usados co-mo atenuantes”, explicó Chejter a Clarín . Un crimen dentro del matri-monio puede ser penado con prisión perpetua, aunque es posible contemplar “circuns-tancias especiales de atenua-ción”. La investigación de Rodríguez y Chejter revela que esos atenuantes se apli-can mucho más a hombres que a mujeres . De 25 sentencias con varones imputados por el homicidio de sus cónyuges, sólo en cuatro los jueces impusieron
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la pena de prisión perpetua. En cambio, en el caso inver-so, de 11 casos con mujeres imputadas, en 5 se las sen-tenció a la máxima pena . “Habitualmente los tribuna-les carecen de conocimien-tos específicos para apreciar la percepción del peligro de
las mujeres que han padecido historiales de violencia y que se enfrentan a una ‘agresión actual o inminente’”, dice el informe. Otra conclusión: “La lectura de las sentencias muestra que los varones matan a sus pa-rejas como una estrategia
de apropiación, control o sentimiento de pérdida de una posición de dominio . Mientras, para las mujeres, el acto homicida es en la mayo-ría de los casos una estrategia de protección o de autopre-servación, una reacción de sobrevivencia”.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • CLARÍN (AR) • POLÍTICA • 9/7/2011
No aflojan las demandas de jubilados por sus haberes Las demandas judiciales de los jubilados no aflojan. En el primer semestre del año los Juzgados de primera ins-tancia de la Seguridad Social recibieron 41.802 nuevos juicios de jubilados. En tanto, fueron apeladas 19.383 cau-sas que ingresaron a las dis-tintas Salas de la Cámara previsional. En total ingresa-ron 61.185 expedientes en el Fuero previsional, una cifra muy similar a la de igual periodo del año pasado. Esos juicios implican un fuerte pasivo sobre la AN-
SeS ya que la última liquida-ción de sentencias firmes que hizo el organismo previsional arrojó un promedio de $ 158.000 por jubilado bene-ficiado. En tanto, ayer, en referencia a la sustentabilidad del sis-tema previsional, el titular de la ANSeS, Diego Bossio dijo que “lo que no podemos ha-cer es cosas que quiebren y desfinancien el sistema y poner en riesgo a los actuales jubilados y pensionados. Por eso todas las decisiones que se toman deben hacerse con
mucha prudencia”. Y agregó: “Cuando uno muestra los números, y qué es lo que se puede hacer y qué es lo que no se puede hacer con los recursos existentes, se empi-eza a entender que la situaci-ón es muy compleja”. Los reclamos de los jubilados se aceleraron luego de que la Corte Suprema dictaminó, en el caso Badaro, que los haberes jubilatorios por el período enero 2002 a dici-embre de 2006 debieron ha-berse ajustado un 88,3%.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • CLARÍN (AR) • POLÍTICA • 9/7/2011
La Presidenta propuso 76 candidatos para cubrir los juzgados vacantes
Por Lucio Fernández Moores Entre los propuestos están el juez de la valija de Anto-nini y un asesor de Timer-man.
Con más de un año de demo-ra, en algunos casos, la pre-sidenta Cristina Kirchner firmó esta semana los plie-gos de 76 candidatos a juez seleccionados por el Consejo
de la Magistratura y los en-vió al Senado para su apro-bación. El anuncio lo hizo ayer el vocero presidencial, Alfredo Scoccimarro. La Presidenta aún tiene pendi-
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ente de resolución unas 70 ternas de candidatos a car-gos de juez, de acuerdo con las estadísticas del Consejo de la Magistratura.
La falta de nombramiento de jueces había sido motivo de reproche público reiterado por parte de jueces de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación. Incluso hubo gestiones del presidente de la Corte, Ricardo Lorenzetti, y del titular del Consejo de la Magistratura, Mario Fera, ante el secretario de Legal y Técnica de la Presidencia, Carlos Zannini, antes de que éste se enfrascara de lleno en el armado de las listas de candidatos para las eleccio-nes de legisladores naciona-les.
Los pliegos de los candidatos abarcan a varios fueros de la Justicia (básicamente penal, aunque también civil y co-mercial) tanto en la Capital Federal como en el interior del país (Bahía Blanca, Es-quel, Oberá, Salta, San Fran-cisco, Dolores, entre otras ciudades). El vocero presi-dencial añadió que también se remitieron al Senado los pliegos para cinco cargos de fiscal y dos de defensores oficiales.
Scoccimarro detalló que el envío se hizo en tres tandas.
Una el lunes pasado, con los pliegos de seis postulantes a juez y otro a fiscal; la segun-da el martes, con otros 21 cargos de juez; y la última hoy, hasta completar 76 car-gos de juez, cinco de fiscal y dos de defensores oficiales. Sin embargo, hasta ayer a las 19 sólo se les había dado ingreso a las dos primeras tandas. La última llegó des-pués de esa hora.
En la segunda tanda figura el juez que tiene a su cargo la causa por la valija llena de dólares del empresario ve-nezolano-estadounidense Guido Alejandro Antonini Wilson.
Este magistrado es Daniel Petrone, actual titular del juzgado en lo Penal Econó-mico Nro. 2 y a quien ahora la Presidenta propone al Se-nado para ocupar una vacante en el Tribunal Oral Federal 2 de San Martín.
El escándalo de la valija – casi 800 mil dólares que lle-gaban en plena campaña e-lectoral de 2007 y a bordo de un taxi aéreo en el que viaja-ban funcionarios argentinos, como el ex titular del OC-COVI Claudio Uberti- no tuvo grandes repercusiones judiciales para el kirchneris-mo. En Tribunales aducen que la causa se estancó por la
falta de colaboración de los Estados Unidos y Venezuela.
Petrone, como todos los otros candidatos, pasó por un con-curso público y quedó en la terna que el Consejo de la Magistratura elevó al Poder Ejecutivo. La Presidenta también eligió a Alejo Ra-mos Padilla para ocupar el Juzgado Federal de Dolores. Ramos Padilla intervino co-mo abogado querellante en las causas por crímenes de la dictadura en La Plata e inclu-so asesoró en ese rol al actual canciller, Héctor Timerman.
Es hijo del juez penal Al-berto Ramos Padilla , que recientemente tuvo un cruce escrito con el juez federal Ariel Lijo por datos que éste pedía sobre causas contra la empresa Covelia.
Una versión indicaba anoche que en la última tanda de pliegos – la más numerosa- s e encontraban los nombres de tres elegidos para las cuatro vacantes que hay en la Cámara Nacional de Ca-sación Penal, un tribunal al que el fallecido ex presidente Néstor Kirchner supo cuesti-onar públicamente. Los plie-gos deberán ser aprobados ahora por el Senado.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • CLARÍN (AR) • POLÍTICA • 9/7/2011
Caso Noble Herrera: el lunes comenzará el cotejo
La jueza Arroyo Salgado dispuso que finalmente se crucen las muestras de ADN.
La jueza federal de San Isi-dro, Sandra Arroyo Salgado, dispuso que el lunes próximo se inicie, en la sede del Ban-co Nacional de Datos Gené-ticos (BNDG), el cotejo de los mapas genéticos de Mar-cela y Felipe Noble Herrera con toda la base de datos de dicho organismo.
El pasado 17 de junio, los hermanos habían renunciado a su derecho a acudir a la Corte Suprema y habían pedido expresamente que sus perfiles genéticos fueran con-frontados “cuanto antes” con todo el BNDG , para termi-nar con “la persecución que ellos y su madre vienen su-friendo hace 10 años”.
Una semana después, el 24 de junio, se les extrajeron nuevas muestras de sangre y saliva en el Hospital Durand, sede de dicho banco, ante la titular del organismo y los peritos de todas las partes, en una extenuante audiencia de más de 9 horas.
Esta fue la cuarta muestra que entregaron los hermanos en los últimos dos años.
El jueves de la semana pasa-da, en tanto, todos los peritos concluyeron la primera etapa del análisis de ADN: la traza
de los perfiles genéticos de Marcela y Felipe, de los cua-les se hicieron 4 copias que se guardan en el juzgado, la fiscalía y el propio BNDG.
Según señaló la jueza en la resolución, “la materia objeto de decisión -en el presente- ha quedado reducida a la actual viabilidad y, en su caso, alcance del proceso pericial relativo a la compa-ración y/o cotejo de los perfi-les genéticos obtenidos de Marcela y Felipe Noble Her-rera con la información gené-tica de los familiares de los presuntos hijos o hijas de personas desaparecidas que ya integra el Archivo Nacio-nal de Datos Genéticos en-contrándome obligada a con-templar, también en el marco de dicha decisión, aquella información genética de las familias que eventualmente habrán de integrarse en el futuro” .
La jueza señaló también que “las operaciones técnico pe-riciales que individualmente demanda dicho proceso de entrecruzamiento deberán ejecutarse priorizando el en-trecruzamiento con la infor-mación genética pertenecien-te a los grupos familiares García-Gualdero y Miranda Lanuscou, en primer lugar”.
La jueza agregó que “ y ante una eventual exclusión de uno o ambos de dichos gru-pos familiares con la infor-
mación genética reservada en el BNDG correspondiente a todos y cada uno de los res-tantes familiares reclamantes de hijas/os de personas desa-parecidas en forma forzada en el período comprendido entre los años 1976 y 1983, debiendo priorizarse en el examen pericial aquellos casos en que la sustracción del menor habría tenido prin-cipio de ejecución en el año 1976 y sin desatender por ello los grupos familiares que reclaman a menores sustraí-dos o nacidos en cautiverio durante el año 1975”.
El caso Noble Herrera podría haber concluido hace 8 años, cuando los hermanos ofrecie-ron su primera muestra de sangre voluntaria. Esa ex-tracción recién pudo concre-tarse 6 años después, en 2009, por sucesivas apela-ciones de la querella.
Pero luego de ella, los her-manos tuvieron que sufrir dos allanamientos en sus domicilios donde entregaron prendas y objetos personales, una requisa en la vía pública y un nuevo intento de toma de sangre compulsiva, pese a que los peritos determinaron que la anterior era apta.
Con la extracción del viernes 24 en el Durand, Marcela y Felipe entregaron ya 4 mues-tras de ADN, algo sin ante-cedentes en el país.
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El mes pasado, cuando deci-dieron pedir el nuevo análisis y no apelar el fallo a la Cá-mara de Casación -que sí fue apelado por las querellas y la
fiscalía- los hermanos expre-saron que lo hacían para ter-minar el hostigamiento con-tra ellos y su madre, “a la que por su edad y estado de sa-
lud” no quieren seguir expo-niendo a agravios y sufrimi-entos.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • CLARÍN (AR) • POLÍTICA • 9/7/2011
La autonomía porteña va para los 15 años, pero aún está lejos de madu-rar
La figura, que nació en 1996, es fuente permanente de conflictos entre la Nación y la Ciudad. Por Daniel Gutman
La elección de hoy será ape-nas la quinta en la que los porteños elegirán a quien los gobierne. A 15 años de san-cionada la primera Constitu-ción de la Ciudad, ése el be-neficio más concreto que los habitantes de la Capital han recibido gracias a la autono-mía, una criatura que toda-vía no termina de madurar y que sigue siendo objeto de tensión política , como que-dó claro en esta campaña electoral.
Justo en el tema de la seguri-dad, que según las encuestas es la principal preocupaci-ón de los porteños , está la muestra más clara de las idas y vueltas de la autonomía y sus consecuencias: la coexis-tencia de una policía federal y una local en las calles en una sola ciudad, con compe-tencias que nadie termina de definir con precisión, es úni-ca en el país y genera per-manentes reproches y chi-canas entre los gobiernos nacional y local .
Las órdenes judiciales de desalojos de terrenos o vivi-endas tomados, en los que cada gobierno buscó volcar la responsabilidad sobre el otro, son un ejemplo de cómo esa indefinición sobre los roles de cada uno genera problemas concretos, más allá de la discusión teórica .
Aunque la última reforma de la Constitución Nacional, en el año 1994, le otorgó a la Ciudad de Buenos Aires prácticamente el mismo sta-tus jurídico que una provin-cia, la autonomía porteña tuvo casi desde su nacimien-to una sombra negra, que fue la Ley Cafiero . Esa norma, sancionada por el Congreso en 1995 y cuestio-nada por muchos especialis-tas en derecho constitucio-nal, fijó límites estrictos y le prohibió a la Ciudad, entre otras cosas, tener su propia policía.
La Ley Cafiero se modificó sólo en 2007, después de la victoria electoral de Mauricio Macri, que entonces impulsó la creación de la Policía Me-tropolitana, ante la negativa
del Gobierno Nacional de transferir a la Ciudad la Su-perintendencia de Seguridad Metropolitana de la Federal.
Ahora, en campaña, el candi-dato de la Casa Rosada, Da-niel Filmus, promete impul-sar el traspaso de la Fede-ral a la Ciudad con los re-cursos para sostenerla , pero no con una decisión del Gobierno Nacional, sino a través del Congreso, al que le pediría una nueva modifica-ción de la Ley Cafiero si le toca asumir.
Hay otra cantidad de cuestio-nes que estuvieron ausentes de la campaña, pero que se-rán tema ineludible para el gobierno porteño que asuma el 10 de diciembre.
Una de ellas es la transferen-cia de la justicia. A pesar de que el artículo 129 de la Constitución Nacional le otorga a la Ciudad funciones jurisdiccionales, la realidad de hoy es que el Estado porteño apenas tiene jueces contenciosos administrativos y contravencionales, que además ejercen competencia
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sobre una lista restringida de delitos penales, con penas menores.
Mientras en cualquier lugar del país la gente se divorcia o dirime sus conflictos de tra-bajo en juzgados provincia-les, en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires los juzgados civiles y laborales están en manos de la Nació n.
Los millones del juego son otra cuestión sensible. Todas las provincias administran los casinos de sus territorios,
pero en la Ciudad es la Naci-ón la que lo hace. Para peor, el artículo 50 de la Constitu-ción porteña establece que es la Ciudad la que administra y explota los juegos de azar, “no siendo admitida la priva-tización o concesión”.
Esta previsión es ignorada por el Gobierno Nacional , que tiene concesionados tan-to los casinos de Puerto Ma-dero como la sala de juego del Hipódromo de Palermo y los bingos porteños. Un con-venio firmado por las dos
partes reparte el dinero que producido por el juego, cu-ando los estados provinciales se quedan con todo en el res-to del país.
La regulación del subte y el manejo del Registro de la Propiedad Inmueble o de la Inspección General de Justi-cia son otras porciones de poder que la Nación aún no resigna y que reflejan la au-tonomía recortada de la Ciu-dad de Buenos Aires.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • CLARÍN (AR) • POLÍTICA • 9/7/2011
Qué son, para qué sirven y cómo se vota a los comuneros
Se concentrarán en gestión y participación de los barrios porteños. Los CGP, el primer antecedente. Por Martín Bravo
1 El artículo 127 de la Cons-titución porteña define a las comunas como “unidades de gestión política y administra-tiva con competencia territo-rial”. Serán 15, gobernadas cada una por un órgano cole-giado (junta vecinal) integra-do por siete miembros, elegi-dos en forma directa y presi-dido por el primero de la lista con más votos en el distrito. La denominación de cada comuna se definirá en una consulta popular a la que deberá llamar cada junta.
2 Su creación se estableció en la Constitución de la Ci-udad de 1996, pero recién mañana serán las primeras
elecciones para ponerlas en práctica. El artículo 20 de la ley de Comunas (1.777) es-tablecía que se habilitarían boletas separadas en caso de coincidir con otros comicios, pero en este caso los candi-datos a las juntas irán en el tercer tramo luego de los aspirantes a jefe de Gobierno y a legisladores. Los electo-res tendrán la opción de cor-tar la boleta y también se considerará válido el voto a un candidato de una comuna distinta a la de su domicilio.
3 La Constitución asigna a las comunas funciones de “planificación, ejecución y control” en materias exclusi-vas y concurrentes con el Gobierno porteño. Entre las
exclusivas aparecen el man-tenimiento de calles (no ave-nidas) y espacios verdes, la elaboración de un antepro-yecto de presupuesto anual (y su ejecución, luego de ser aprobado), la presentación de proyectos legislativos y de decretos al Ejecutivo, y la administración del patrimo-nio. Entre las concurrentes, la decisión y ejecución de obras públicas con impacto local, la planificación y el control de servicios, respuestas a demandas sociales e imple-mentación de un método de resolución de conflictos.
4 Las comunas no pueden crear impuestos o contribu-ciones, ni endeudarse. La ley de Presupuesto establecerá la
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partida asignada a cada una, y entre las 15 no podrá supe-rar el 5% del total para la Ciudad. Unos 100 millones por año, estimaron desde el oficialismo. También podrán obtener recursos por leyes especiales, donaciones y bie-nes transferidos por la admi-nistración central. Los inte-grantes de la junta cobrarán el 60% del ingreso bruto de los legisladores porteños, es
decir unos 13.500 pesos mensuales . El presidente recibirá un adicional del 10%. También habrá un Consejo Consultivo compu-esto por miembros de entida-des vecinales, ONG y parti-dos, ad honorem.
5 Los comuneros deberán promover mecanismos de democracia participativa en los barrios. Otro nuevo orga-nismo será el Consejo de
Coordinación Intercomunal -integrado por el jefe de Go-bierno o quien éste designe y los 15 presidentes comuna-les- para discutir las políticas locales con el Ejecutivo. El control de gestión y de los actos de la junta comunal dependerá de la sindicatura general y la auditoría general de la Ciudad.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • CLARÍN (AR) • POLÍTICA • 9/7/2011
Comunas: un sistema que arranca tarde y con dudas
Se concibieron para descentralizar la gestión porteña y debían comenzar en 2001. Habrá 15 y entre todas manejarán unos $ 1.500 millones por año. Mañana se elegirán 7 repre-sentantes para cada una. Por Eduardo Paladini
Con diez años de demora, mucha incertidumbre y algu-nas trampitas a su espíritu original. Así arrancará en la Ciudad el sistema de Comu-nas, la principal novedad que trae la elección porteña de mañana, cuando por pri-mera vez los vecinos elegirán a sus representantes barriales. Un sistema tomado de mo-dernas ciudades europeas como París y Barcelona, pero que, tamizado por la política argentina, por ahora produjo tantas promesas y reclamos públicos como chicanas y trabas privadas.
Previstas en la Constitución de 1996, las Comunas se concibieron como un meca-nismo para descentralizar la
administración y sumar al vecino en la toma de decisio-nes.
Debían arrancar como má-ximo en 2001 , pero lo harán recién en diciembre. Entre todas, manejarán un presupu-esto anual de unos 1.500 mil-lones de pesos. En todos es-tos años, siempre tuvieron la lógica del botín político: las pidieron e impulsaron sobre todo las minorías opo-sitoras y encontraron el freno de los oficialismos gestores. La mayoría de los dirigentes duda aún hoy de su efectivi-dad y el vecino común no sabe demasiado de qué se trata.
Esto último era fácil de com-probar anoche en las redes sociales.
Concretamente, lo que la gente elegirá mañana serán los siete “comuneros” que trabajarán en cada una de las 15 zonas en que fue divi-dida la Capital. La “sábana” que encontrará el votante en el cuarto oscuro estará divi-dida en tres: la primera bole-ta será para jefe y vicejefe de Gobierno, la segunda para los legisladores y la tercera y nueva, para los “comuneros”.
Puede haber corte de boleta en cualquier caso.
Primera trampa de la política: la ley original establecía que la lista de Comunas debía ir sola, para evitar el “efecto arrastre” . Incluso, varios partidos proponían que la primera elección comunal fuera separada, para originar
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un debate profundo sobre el sistema y que sus candidatos tuvieran el debido conocimi-ento. Quedará para otra opor-tunidad.
Salvo imponderables, se cree que los partidos que ganen para jefe de Gobierno en cada zona serán los mismos que triunfen en la elección de los comuneros. La relación entre ambos resultados cosa puede ser muy interesante: ¿cómo será la convivencia entre un jefe de Gobierno de un partido y una comuna liderada por otro? ¿ Se repe-tirá el sistema de premios y castigos de la Nación con las provincias? Un muy ti-bio antecedente de la descen-tralización que pueden impli-car las Comunas lo reflejan los actuales Centros de Ges-tión y Participación (CGP). Claro que, cuando entren en vigencia, las primeras absor-berán a los segundos. Desde hace algunos años, como precalentamiento, los CGP ya tienen jurisdicción sobre los mismos barrios que in-cluirán las Comunas: abarcan entre 150.000 y 200.000 vecinos cada uno. L a gran diferencia es que la Comuna funcionará de modo inde-
pendiente, con prespuesto propio (unos 100 millones para cada una). Entre otras cosas, será para arreglar cier-tas calles y espacios públicos que los vecinos deberían marcar como prioritarios.
Cuando se las pensó, también se supuso que en estos nue-vos cargos recalarían vecinos “participativos” o militantes barriales no tan conocidos, como aquellos que surgieron en las asambleas de 2001. No hubo mucho de eso en la confección de las listas, que fueron armadas más como premio político que por arraigo y militancia barrial (ver página 4 ). Nueva tram-pa de la política, con repeti-ción de apellidos conocidos, como Corach y Gullo (hijos).
El PRO, por ejemplo, puso a los directores de los CGP como candidatos.
Toda una señal de cómo le gustaría a Mauricio Macri que funcionaran las Comunas en caso de ser reelecto. Este año, incluso, el líder del PRO directamente impulsó un proyecto para l imitar su accionar y hasta reducir el sueldo de los comuneros,
que superará los 13.000 pe-sos brutos. El proyecto no prosperó ni prosperará.
Claro que la observación no le cabe sólo a Macri. Sus antecesores Jorge Telerman y Aníbal Ibarra tampoco mos-traron demasiado entusi-asmo en compartir la gestión central con dirigentes barria-les de menor rango. Para todos el resultado sería pare-cido: “Un quilombo”.
De todas maneras, en el ma-crismo aseguraban ayer que por la vigencia de muchos contratos, la descentralizaci-ón será paulatina y habrá que esperar varios años para hacer una evaluación.
Mientras, a un solo día del debut, las preguntas se su-ceden y repiten . ¿Se des-centralizará realmente la ges-tión? ¿Los problemas se so-lucionarán más rápido? ¿La convivencia de siete inte-grantes no generará un nuevo foco de burocracia y transa? ¿Los vecinos tendrán ganas de participar y decidir cómo se gasta la plata en su barrio? ¿Los dejarán?
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • LA NACION (AR) • POLÍTICA • 9/7/2011 • 00:00:00
La Presidenta eligió 82 magistrados
Lo anunció ayer por Twitter; llevaba más de ocho meses sin nombrar jueces y aún adeu-da más de 60 pliegos Paz Rodríguez Niell
LA NACION
La presidenta Cristina Kirch-ner anunció ayer el envío de 82 nuevos pliegos para el nombramiento de magistra-dos de la justicia nacional y federal. La mayoría son jue-ces, pero la nómina de los designados esta semana in-cluye también a fiscales y defensores públicos.
Descomprime así la gran cantidad de ternas que te-nía pendientes. Sólo en ma-teria de jueces, 146 vacantes esperaban una designación suya, 67 desde hacía más de un año. Tal como informó el martes pasado LA NACION, la Presidenta estuvo más de ocho meses sin nombrar ma-gistrados y eso generó un profundo malestar en el Po-der Judicial que lo conside-ró, en el mejor de los casos, como un "maltrato" y una muestra de desinterés por la Justicia.
La lista completa de los de-signados no se hizo pública. Anoche, el sitio de Internet del Senado daba cuenta de 27 de esos nombramientos. Cu-brirán vacantes en los fueros penal, civil, comercial, civil y comercial federal, y penal económico. La mayoría son tribunales de la Capital, pero
hay también de Dolores, La Plata, y San Martín.
Se suman a la primera tanda de nombramientos de esta semana, que tal como infor-mó LA NACION el miérco-les, incluyó a cinco candida-tos a jueces federales de dis-tintas provincias y a Javier De Luca como fiscal de la Cámara de Casación.
Con los nombramientos que anunció por Twitter ayer, la Presidenta sigue adeudando más de 60 designaciones de jueces. Corresponden a ter-nas que son, en el mejor de los casos, del año pasado (en lo que va de 2011 el Consejo de la Magistratura no le re-mitió ninguna, de acuerdo con los datos oficiales).
Las demoras motivaron en los últimos tiempos recla-mos reiterados de la Corte Suprema y críticas de la oposición, que acusan al Gobierno de no nombrar jue-ces para debilitar a la Justicia y evitar ser controlado.
La Presidenta no dio respues-ta alguna a los cuestionami-entos. Y el silencio sobre el tema fue compartido por todo el Gobierno. El viernes 1°, LA NACION se comunicó con el ministro de Justicia, Julio Alak, y le consultó so-bre los más de ocho meses sin designaciones. El tampo-
co hizo declaraciones sobre el tema.
La primera información de fuentes oficiales fue ayer. "Algunos datos sobre la de-signación de jueces de los últimos días...", escribió la Presidenta via Twitter. "El lunes 4 de julio ingresaron al Honorable Senado de la Na-ción: 6 pliegos, ayer 21, y hoy 55 más...", agregó. Y en un último tweet afirmó: "Un total de 82 pliegos para su designación, entre jueces, fiscales y defensores públi-cos".
Entre los trámites que el Se-nado ya informó como ingre-sados no está uno clave: el de la Cámara de Casación Fede-ral, máximo tribunal penal. Se trata de cuatro vacantes. Según informó a LA NA-CION una fuente que conoce los entretelones de las desig-naciones, ayer por la tarde estaban definidos tres de los candidatos, pero había algu-nas dudas sobre el cuarto. Ellos serían el ex secretario de Política Criminal Alejan-dro Slokar, el fiscal Mariano Borinsky y la abogada Ana María Figueroa, que no es especialista en derecho penal, sino en derechos humanos.
Entre los elegidos por Cristi-na Kirchner hay cuatro can-didatos a ocupar tribunales orales federal de la Capital:
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Néstor Costabel, Rodrigo Giménez Uriburu, Adriana Palliotti y Jorge Gorini. También, tres postulantes para tribunales orales federa-les de San Martín: Daniel Petrone (el juez penal eco-nómico que instruye la causa de la valija de Antonini Wil-son), Germán Castelli (juez federal de Morón) y Claudia Morguese. Además, la Presi-denta eligió para la vacante de juez en lo penal económi-co a Juan Galvan Greenway y, para un tribunal oral de ese fuero, a Luis Imas. Y optó, para el juzgado federal de Dolores, por Alejandro Ra-mos Padilla (abogado de de-rechos humanos, hijo de un juez y hermano del secretario de Derechos Humanos bona-erense). Para dos juzgados en lo civil y comercial federal
designó a Patricia Barbado y a Horacio Alfonso.
Todos ellos, y los otros 70 elegidos, necesitan para completar el trámite el acu-erdo formal del Senado.
NUEVA SITUACIÓN
Un sistema frenado. La pre-sidenta Cristina Kirchner cumplió ocho meses y medio sin designar ningún juez, lo que demoró la cobertura de las vacantes en los tribunales. Un relevamiento publicado por La Nacion mostró que tenía acumuladas 146 ternas, 67 desde hacía más de un año.
Los primeros nombramien-tos. Esta semana se reactivó el proceso de designaciones
con los primeros seis pliegos que la Presidenta envió al Senado. Son para cubrir va-cantes de jueces en Misiones, Chubut, Córdoba, Salta y la provincia de Buenos Aires. También eligió a su candida-to a fiscal de Casación.
En total, 82. Ayer, a través de su cuenta de Twiter, Cris-tina Kirchner anunció que esta semana firmó, en total, 82 pliegos de jueces, fiscales y defensores oficiales. Dijo que todos fueron remitidos al Senado, que ayer dio a cono-cer 27 de esas designaciones. Cubrirán vacantes de los fue-ros penal, civil, comercial, civil y comercial y penal económico, entre otros.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL PERUANO (SP) • DERECHO • 9/7/2011
Elogia decisión tomada por el Parlamento La nueva ley que restituye los tipos penales del Código Penal sobre los delitos contra la administración pública, aprobada el miércoles por el Congreso, es un paso adelan-te en la lucha contra la cor-rupción, dijo el titular de la Comisión de Alto Nivel An-ticorrupción, Gonzalo García Nuñez. Destacó que el Par-
lamento haya resuelto con prontitud este asunto y aco-gido las propuestas enviadas por el Ejecutivo y el Poder Judicial."Es un paso hacia delante, pero se requiere de un conjunto de otras iniciati-vas complementarias para evitar que existan beneficia-rios de la norma que quedó derogada", manifestó a la
Agencia Andina.Él estimó importante determinar quié-nes se habrían acogido a los beneficios de la norma ante-rior, derogada ayer por el Congreso, a efectos de evitar la impunidad. Por ello, señaló, se dictarían acciones de carácter constitucional.
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Matérias do dia 10/07/2011
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • FORBES.COM (US) • NEWS • 10/7/2011 • 03:22:36
The True Meaning of Separation of Church and State Our nation was predicated on unalienable rights with go-vernance through family, church and community, each rightfully sovereign within its sphere. Human dignity, legal equality and personal freedom reflect biblical valu-es imparted on Western Civi-lization, which retains these values in secular form while expunging their Author from public discourse. Americans are frequently reminded of what the revisi-onists deem our greatest a-chievement: “Separation of Church and State.” Crosses are ripped down in parks. Prayer has been banished from schools and the ACLU rampages to remove “under God” from the Pledge of Allegiance. Moreover, “Se-paration of Church and Sta-te” is nowhere found in the Constitution or any other founding legislation. Our forefathers would never countenance the restrictions on religion exacted today. The phrase “separation of church and state” was initial-ly coined by Baptists striving for religious toleration in Virginia, whose official state religion was then Anglican (Episcopalian). Baptists thought government limitati-ons against religion illegiti-mate. James Madison and Thomas Jefferson champio-ned their cause.
The preamble in Act Establi-shing Religious Freedom in Virginia (1786), affirms that “the Author of our Religion gave us our ‘free will.’” And that He “chose not to propa-gate it by coercions.” This legislation certainly did not diminish religious influence on government for it also provided stiff penalties for conducting business on the Sabbath. Nor did the Constitution inhibit public displays of faith. At ratification, a majo-rity of the thirteen several and sovereign states maintai-ned official religions. The early Republic welcomed public worship. Church ser-vices were held in the U.S. Capitol and Treasury buil-dings every Sunday. The imagery in many federal buildings remains unmista-kably biblical. The day after the First a-mendment’s passage, Con-gress proclaimed a national day of prayer and thanksgi-ving. The inaugural Congress was largely comprised by those who drafted the Cons-titution. It reflects incredible arrogance to reconfigure the bill of rights into prohibiting religious displays on public grounds. Hanging the Ten Commandments on the wall of a county courthouse no more mandates religion than judges displaying the banner
of their favorite sports team somehow equates to Con-gress establishing that team as preeminent. Our forefathers never sought to evict the church from so-ciety. They recognized that the several states did not sha-re uniform values. We lived and worshipped differently. The framers were a diverse bunch with wildly divergent opinions on many issues, but eliminating the very founda-tions of America’s heritage would have horrified them. On few issues was there mo-re unanimity. Where the French Revolution and its official policy of “De-Christianization” quickly devolved into bloodshed and oppression, here freedom flourished. Our independence was seen as the culmination of a march toward liberty, not a rejection of America’s historical cultural moorings. Our forbears embraced tradi-tion and left local autonomy largely intact. Schools, courts and the pu-blic square were often over-tly Christian and had been since their colonial begin-nings. Few Americans would have tolerated a coercive central government infrin-ging on their rights to post religious symbols on local schools, courts or anywhere else.
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Americans built society from the ground up. Many had fled oppression. The colonies instituted local self-government indigenously to confirm the rights resident in their persons and property. Few would have willingly been dispossessed by Wa-shington of the very free-doms which they had just secured from London. Here men could and did rise as their efforts merited. Commoners were unshackled from feudal paralysis and freed to find God individual-ly. Both the economy and church thrived. Alexis de Tocqueville observed that Americans intertwined indi-vidual liberty with vibrant faith. “It is impossible to make them conceive the one without the other.” Even non-Christian founders thought religion essential. None would have wished to upend the very basis for edu-cation, law or culture. The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 states: “Religion, mora-lity, and knowledge, being necessary to good govern-ment and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means of education shall forever be encouraged.” Americans understood free-dom without morality quic-kly devolves into debau-chery. Whether from sincere faith, or, prudence instilling an honest, law-abiding, res-ponsible and hardworking populace, all esteemed bibli-cal morality as the bedrock of self government. George Washington believed, “Reli-gion and morality are indis-pensible supports” for “it is
impossible to rightly govern the world without God and the Bible.” The phrase “separation bet-ween church and state” was reintroduced by former Klansman Hugo Black, histo-rically one of our most libe-ral Supreme Court judges. In the 1947 Everson v. Board of Education, Justice Black invoked Thomas Jefferson stating, “The First amend-ment has erected ‘a wall of separation between church and state.’ . . . that wall must be kept high and impregna-ble.” Thomas Jefferson thought differently. The Danbury Baptists wrote to him congra-tulating his election and ob-jecting to the First amend-ment. They thought it impli-ed government dispensed what was not government’s to give. Jefferson agreed. His reply clearly applied “Separation of Church and State” to the establishment and not to the free exercise of religion. As he expressed, what communities did and how they worshipped were not federal affairs. Jefferson later said the central govern-ment was “interdicted from intermeddling with religious institutions.” Such were state matters. Freedom of religion was par-tly moral – protecting our most cherished liberty – and partly pragmatic. Religious animosity tears society asun-der, particularly when church is affixed to government. With freedom of conscience assured, conflict becomes less likely. The First a-mendment was an insightful
compromise between church and state, federal and local authorities. The framers desi-red to avoid the controversies which engulfed Europe. As James Madison warned in Federalist 10, “The latent causes of faction are thus sown in the nature of man; . . . A zeal for different opinions concerning religion, concer-ning government, and many other points, . . . ambitiously contending for pre-eminence and power . . . divided man-kind into parties, inflamed them with mutual animosity, and rendered them much more disposed to vex and oppress each other than to cooperate for their common good.” Thus the Constitution de-creed that Washington had no occasion or authority to interject itself into matters as obviously local as doctrines of faith. Congress was not empowered to establish a church because the framers feared that concentrated po-wer, whether favored religi-ons, standing armies, ban-king monopolies, or an ove-rarching federal government, invited tyranny. Church and state were dis-tinct in that the Federal Go-vernment could not elevate one denomination over o-thers. Nor could government and its flawed inhabitants usurp divine authority by harnessing politics to the church. Faith is no civil con-tract, but a personal matter not to be profaned by poli-tics. State controlled churches frequently exploited this la-tent power for evil. The Spa-
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nish Inquisition didn’t origi-nate in the Vatican, but the Castilian court. It was not of the church, but the king. By Philip II, Spain had the ma-kings of the first police state infused with the ill-gotten moral authority of a tyranni-cal clergy. Much of our bill of rights was meant to prevent dicta-torships such as Cromwell’s, which married church and state in such manner as to mar many of the freedoms our forefathers sought to en-shrine. The framers witnessed the incessant wars of the mother continent and understood official churches and centra-lized power fomented abuses. Having two or three compe-ting factions spurred strug-
gles between the parties to secure power, but divesting authority to innumerable smaller jurisdictions without the prospect of any gaining control promoted peaceful freedom. Episcopalians in Virginia would live amicably next to Catholics in Maryland, Qua-kers in Pennsylvania or Bap-tists in their midst. None saw cause for contention because there was no threat that o-thers would gain dominion over them or any prospect that they might gain such dominion themselves. Rival-ry was unnecessary because “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion.” Establishment has been rede-fined. Limitations on go-
vernment have been altered into restrictions on religious expression, which clearly violates the amendment’s next clause: “prohibiting the free exercise thereof” and third clause “abridging the freedom of speech.” Mean-while, Washington publicly imposes politically correct secular religions like worshi-ping diversity or the envi-ronment. Are our rights inalienable or contrivances from courts? Is government still limited or its power undefined? Is the state answerable to the peo-ple or are we but subjects? Do our rights descend from God or derive from man? America must decide.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • FORBES.COM (US) • NEWS • 10/7/2011 • 07:14:34
NUTS: Hackers Target Government, Apple and Samsung Continue Bat-tle Hackers continued their wa-ve of attacks, targeting seve-ral politicians including Pre-sident Obama, while Apple attempts to put a stop to Samsung’s sales in the U.S. News Under the Sun is a weekly column rounding up all the events on in the mobi-le industry. Want the news but don’t want it every day? Subscribe to our weekly Fa-cebook or Twitter page. Hackers Shift to Political Figures Hacker group “Script Kiddi-es” gained access to the
Twitter account of Fox News and posted a fake message about the assassination of President Obama. White House officials quickly assu-red the nation of the presi-dent’s safety. Meanwhile, hacktivist group Anonymous targeted Orlando Mayor Buddy Dyer by pos-ting photos of a Guy Fawkes mask hanging outside his home, as well as a photo-shopped image of two head-less police officers. The thre-ats accompanied attacks on the city’s police websites.
Anonymous is proclaiming its disapproval with Orlan-do’s new policy against fee-ding the homeless without a license. Besides political targets, An-tiSec, a mix of Anonymous and former LulzSec hackers, broke into an Apple server and collected 26 administra-tive usernames and pass-words. The group claims to have gained entry through a security flaw in third-party software. The recent spate of attacks prompted European officials
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to form the International Cy-ber-Security Protection Alli-ance, or ICSPA, in an effort to protect organizations aga-inst future attacks. On a positive note, Sony re-launched its PlayStation Network and Qriocity music services in Japan after a 11-week blackout. Nearly 100 million accounts were com-promised due to the attacks in April. Apple Versus Samsung: The Saga Continues Apple filed a complaint with the International Trade Commission, asking for a ban on Samsung products in the U.S., claiming four of Samsung’s devices — the Galaxy S 4G, Infuse 4G, Droid Charge and Galaxy Tab 10.1 tablet — violated its iPhone and iPad patents. In response, Samsung denied the allegations and said it will continue to sell its pro-ducts until it is legally pre-vented to do so. The ITC filing hints may offer a faster settlement between the war-ring companies, since it takes less time to decide than the courts. Apple’s App Store Breaks Records, Other Break Secu-rity Apple’s App Store platform is expected to surge with apps and e-books at a rate of 39 percent over the next t-hree years, reaching an esti-mated $13 billion in revenue by 2013. After debuting in 2008, users have downloaded 15 billion apps. There are now more than 200 million iOS devices worldwide, each with an ave-rage of 75 apps.
In total, more than 425,000 apps are currently available in the App Store. However, the Apple’s popu-larity has made it a target among hackers. The com-pany acknowledged a secu-rity flaw in iOS, allowing attackers to infect users’ de-vices with malicious softwa-re and give them administra-tive privileges. Hackers may gain access to information like passwords, online banking data, e-mail and contact information, as well as a person’s camera or calls. In the courtroom, a judge rejected Apple’s request to stop Amazon from using the “AppStore” name. Apple claims customers may confu-se Amazon’s “AppStore” with Apple’s “App Store.” Amazon is allowed to use its AppStore term up until a trial date for October 2012. In future products, Apple filed two patents related to augmented reality and trans-parent touch screens. The AR patent gives Apple a way to populate live photos and vi-deo feeds from iPads and iPhones with digital informa-tion, allowing users to easily identify unknown objects and places. The transparent screen patent allows Apple to overlay real-time images with digital data, hinting at improved iPad features in the future. Cloud Competition Gets Crowded Swedish-based Spotify is joining the fray in the U.S. The music-streaming service had planned to launch mon-ths ago, but licensing negoti-
ations with major record la-bels delayed its debut. Meanwhile, Amazon offered unlimited Cloud Drive and Player storage, allowing u-sers to host as much music as they wish for a $20 annual fee. Consumers unwilling to pay can still host up to 5-gigabytes of music files, as well as upload unlimited files purchased from Amazon. They also receive a free 20-gigabyte storage locker for photos and video. Verizon Caps Data, Introdu-ces New Phones Verizon ended its unlimited data plans, ushering in tiered plans starting at $30 a month for 2-gigabytes of data. Customers already with un-limited contracts can keep their plans for the duration of the contract, but new custo-mers must sign up for capped data plans. The carrier said about 95 percent of its customers con-sume less than 2-gigabytes per month, suggesting users will pay the same under the limited plans. Meanwhile, Verizon plans to sell the Droid Bionic on Au-gust 4. The phone packs a 1-gigahertz dual-core chip, 512-megabytes of RAM, a 4.3-inch screen and 8-megapixel camera. It also unveiled the Motorola Droid 3, which will debut later this summer for $200 with a two-year contract. The device will run on Android 2.3, along with a dual-core processor, 4-inch display, including an 8-megapixel camera capable of capturing 1080p video.
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Google+ Sees Familiar Face, NFC Goes Social Google last week launched its Google+ social network, amid positive reviews. And its most followed member so far is none other than Face-book CEO Mark Zuckerberg. So far, Zuckerberg amassed over 21,000 followers, bea-ting even Google co-founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin, both with less than 15,000 followers. Google also launched a Goo-gle+ app for Android, which includes a mobile payment component. The app is still in beta, but Nexus device ow-ners can now scan near-field communication, or NFC, tags and post information as a status update on their Goo-gle+ accounts The features blends the world of mobile payments with location check-in sites like Foursquare and Facebook. The Internet giant is in the courtroom as well. Transce-nic filed a complaint against Google, Microsoft and A-OL’s MapQuest, claiming Google’s street view-perspective technology, used in Google Maps, violates its patent for collecting and ma-nipulating panoramic ima-gery. The Louisiana company is seeking unspecified damages in Federal Delaware District Court. HTC Sees Profits Rise HTC posted record sales due to the popularity of its An-droid phones and a surge in demand from Asia. The company shipped about 11 million units in the April-
June period, more than dou-ble the total from a year ago. HTC is pushing ahead by buying chip-designer S3 Graphics for $300 million. The deal gives HTC a portfo-lio of 235 patents, which it can use to protect itself in the increasingly-heated patent infringement arena, as well as provide it with technology to improve its smartphone lineup. Nortel Sale Under Investiga-tion Canadian regulators are in-vestigating the winning $4.5 billion bid for bankrupt tele-com Nortel. Canadian Industry Minister Christian Paradis said the results of the auction, inclu-ding its 6,000 patents, are subject to the Investment Canada Act, which require the country to gauge whether any foreign investment or acquisition more than $312 million benefits or hurts the country. A group of major companies including Apple, Microsoft, Sony, Ericsson and Research in Motion won the auction for patents relating to 4G, Wi-Fi, search engines and other telecom areas. Facebook, Skype Team Up for Video Calling Facebook announced a part-nership with Skype to bring video chat to its 750 million users. The move beefs up Facebook’s offerings before a showdown with Google+. To use the service, people need to download a plugin for their browsers. ISPs Cracking Down on Pi-racy
Internet service providers partnered with entrainment companies to curb online piracy. ISPs agreed to a six-strikes warning program to reprimand those suspected of downloading copyrighted music and movies from sites like BitTorrent. The Copyright Alert System will monitor users of illegal file-sharing services. If users are caught sharing copyrigh-ted files, the alert system will send users’ ISP a notice to dole out punishment. ISPs can then issue up to six war-nings before reducing users’ Internet speeds or suspending services until illegal file-sharing stops. Government Deals with On-line Sexual Material, Cell Phones in Cars Judge Ralph Beistline struck down an Alaska law that aims to hold adults criminal-ly liable for distributing se-xually explicit material to minors over the Internet. Beistline sided with the group of plaintiffs that filed a lawsuit last August, saying such a law violates the First amendment. The judge agreed, saying the Internet lacks a reliable me-chanism for verifying the age of Internet users. Meanwhile, the Governors Highway Safety Association, or GHSA, concluded cell phone use while driving in-creases the chance of cra-shing. The group studied over 350 scientific papers released since 2000, and found a link between texting and higher risks while dri-ving, but it remains inconclu-
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sive on how to prevent pho-ne-related car crashes. But, the GHSA did agree with a ban on cell phone use for teenaged drivers, who are the highest risk for crashes. Meanwhile, New Jersey ru-led tracking one’s spouse by GPS legal and not an invasi-on of privacy. The case originated when Kenneth Villanova’s wife suspected he was cheating but couldn’t confirm this as the private investigator she hired was unable to follow the suspected husband. She then placed a GPS unit in the glove compartment of the vehicle they owned together, eventually tracing him to another woman’s driveway. Nokia Firesale, Store Closure Nokia announced it will cut prices on its current line of smartphones, including the popular N8, C7 and E6 mo-dels, by 15 percent in Euro-pe, as it readies the release of its Windows phones next year. Nokia claims these cuts are normal and part of on-going business. Meanwhile, the company is shutting down its Vertu lu-xury mobile phone stores in Japan. The company said it will continue to do business with Japanese craftsmen on products sold in other mar-kers. Microsoft Targets Samsung Microsoft is seeking $15 for each Android device Sam-sung sells because of alleged patent infringement. If Mi-crosoft demands payment, Samsung may be looking at a shelling out $45 million to Microsoft for past Galaxy S 2 sales alone.
Samsung aims to negotiate a lower fee of $10 per device, in exchange for a deeper partnership with Microsoft to create smartphones using the Windows Phone platform. It’s a Sad World for RIM RIM fell to third place be-hind Apple and Google. The once-strong company now controls just 24 percent of the market, behind Apple’s 26 and Google’s 38, accor-ding to ComScore. Last week, the company a-greed to conduct an indepen-dent study to determine the effectiveness of a leadership change, much to the chagrin of investment firm of Glass Lewis & Co. The investor had wanted to conduct a vote over whether to split up RIM’s executive roles at this year’s sharehol-ders meeting. The firm says a change, not a study, is nee-ded to fix the company. Sprint May Finally Get i-Phone Sprint may add the iPhone to its lineup before Christmas, according to Citadel Securi-ties. If so, the company may attract customers since it is the last U.S. carrier to offer unlimited data plans. The iPhone is expected to boost Sprint’s fortunes, espe-cially if it struggles to survi-ve in a post-AT&T and T-Mobile merger. Cell Phones May Not Cause Cancer After All A group of experts from the U.S., U.K. and Sweden found no convincing eviden-ce linking cell phone use to cancer. The group also added there is little evidence to suggest radio signals trigger
tumors. But committee can-not definitively say there is no connection at all between the two. Meanwhile, a group of rese-archers are using smartpho-nes to diagnose cataracts. A team of MIT scientists developed the Catra System, which allows a user to look through an eyepiece that sli-des onto a smartphone or other mobile devices like tablets. The patient sees lines on the screen and pushes a button when the lines start to cloud. If there are enough lines that look cloudy, Catra diagnoses the cataract and recommends treatment. Samsung Profits Dip, Sends Nexus S to Space Samsung profits took a signi-ficant hit, even after the suc-cess of its Galaxy tablets. The company’s ongoing dis-pute with Apple casts doubt on the company’s future, especially if Samsung is for-ced to pay Apple for patent infringement. Meanwhile, the company’s Nexus S phone joined rival Apple’s iPhone in space abo-ard the Atlantis space shuttle. The device is set to conduct several experiments with its computing power and came-ra. Obama Holds Twitter Town Hall Meeting President Barack Obama received nearly 170,000 questions and comments at his Twitter town hall mee-ting. The event was modera-ted by Twitter co-founder and chairman Jack Dorsey. More than a quarter of the questions dealt with jobs, while 10 percent were about
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education. This was the first-ever online, live presidential town hall meeting. Ebay Strengthens PayPal Service Ebay purchased mobile pay-ment provider Zong for $240 million. Ebay plans to con-nect the service’s 3.2 billion users and 250 wireless carri-ers with PayPal. Shoppers use Zong to pay for items with their mobile pho-nes by entering their mobile phone numbers, which Zong
then verifies the transaction and charges the customer’s cell phone bill. Japan Strikes… Metal Japanese researchers reporte-dly found gadolinium, luteti-um, terbium and dysprosium in the mud beneath the Paci-fic Ocean near Hawaii. These are the same metals needed to make iPhones, iPads and other gadgets. Experts believe the find could total billions of tons of materials, which could be
more than 1,000 times the amount found in land sources locally mostly in China. News Under the Sun is a weekly column rounding up all the events on in the mobi-le industry. Want the news but don’t want it every day? Subscribe to our weekly Fa-cebook or Twitter page. This post originally appeared at Mobiledia.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • FORBES.COM (US) • NEWS • 10/7/2011 • 11:19:40
Death for Bigger Cars Will Mean More Deaths
When the federal govern-ment announces new fuel economy standards for cars later this year here is some-thing you’re unlikely to hear: “And by forcing companies to meet these new, arbitrary standards it will lead to smal-ler, lighter vehicles and thou-sands of people will die who otherwise would have lived.”
This is the dirty little secret of those who wish not simply to suggest but mandate car companies do away with larger vehicles to the greatest extent possible. Simply put, bigger vehicles save lives. “The death rate in 1-3-year-old minicars involved in mul-tiple-vehicle crashes during 2007 was almost twice as high as the rate in very large cars,” according to the Insu-rance Institute for Highway
Safety. (Find a copy of the study here.)
Larger vehicles are particu-larly important for families who desire safety for their children. “The National Re-search Council concluded in 2002 that 1,300 to 2,600 ad-ditional crash deaths occur-red in 1993 because of vehi-cle weight reductions to comply with federal stan-dards,” notes the Insurance Institute. “Car size and wei-ght are crucial to protecting people in crashes.” Particu-larly since at least half of crashes do not involve other vehicles, forcing more people to drive smaller cars would simply mean more deaths, beyond the impact of head-on collisions.
Sam Kazman of the Compe-titive Enterprise Institute
points out the latest research from the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety shows SUVs (sport utility vehicles) over 4,500 pounds have a one-third lower death rate than cars below 2,500 pounds.
However, as the Wall Street Journal (July 7, 2011) repor-ted, “Future U.S. government fuel economy regulations could saddle auto makers with steep fines or even bar the sale of certain models.” The Obama administration is planning to “roughly double the corporate average fuel economy from current fleet levels to 56.2 miles a gallon by 2025.” Phasing in the new rules would start within 6 years.
The federal government alre-ady fines auto companies for,
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in essence, selling cars that Americans want to buy, ra-ther than meeting the prefe-rences of what amounts to government overseers of the auto industry. Companies view these fines as the price of doing business. But the Wall Street Journal noted, “Bigger fines could signifi-cantly raise the cost of vehi-cles. And there is a chance car makers would not be able to sell in the U.S. their least-efficient models, typically large sedans or SUVs with eight-cylinder engines.”
Some argue these new stan-dards are important for the environment. But economist Bjorn Lomberg has pointed out that even if everyone in America drove a Prius the environmental impact would be negligible.
Others argue the new rules would reduce our “depen-dence on foreign oil.” The problem with that argument is to the extent America is “dependent” on foreign oil, it’s only because Congress and the President have not supported greater exploration in the United States.
More importantly, it makes no sense to argue we need higher fuel economy stan-dards to prevent oil imports. The “United States” does not import large amounts of oil as a government entity. Ins-tead, the decision to buy ga-soline for our cars is made by millions of consumers every day. If many consumers cho-ose to spend their money on gas to fill up the tank of a larger vehicle, rather than spend the money on, for e-
xample, a new flat-screen TV, then that’s the business of individual Americans – not the federal government.
A good reason why a father or mother may wish to buy a larger vehicle is because they care about the lives of their children, and (obviously) care about them more than anyone who works in the Environmental Protection Agency.
Here is a suggestion for Congress: an amendment or bill that states the following: “New standards for fuel eco-nomy cannot go into effect unless it is demonstrated su-ch standards are unlikely to increase traffic fatalities, including the deaths of child passengers.” That would ma-ke the tradeoff clear for all Americans.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • FORBES.COM (US) • NEWS • 10/7/2011 • 18:48:16
GOP Passes Up Generational Conservative Victory In Order To Protect The Wealthy Oh, the irony.
After generations of conser-vative dogma based solidly in the belief that fundamental changes to America’s enti-tlement programs are essen-tial to the economic survival and betterment of the nation, that goal is now, finally, wi-thin the reach of the true be-lievers.
Yet, remarkably, this drama-tic change in national directi-on is being permitted to slip
right through conservative fingers by the very people whom those ensconced on the right should be counting upon to bring home this great philosophical victory.
The fulfillment of the con-servative dream is not vani-shing from sight because Nancy Pelosi and the forces of progressivism are prepa-red to defend entitlements to the death. Nor is it happening because the President of the United States has counted up
the votes and decided that messing with entitlements will cost him re-election.
It is not even the result of “bleeding hearts” like me rising nobly in defense of the needy and downtrodden.
Significant entitlement re-form, long the goal of the fathers of modern day con-servatism, is being flushed down the drain by the very Republican Party that has
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long battled to bring that goal to reality.
Somewhere in Connecticut, William F. Buckley Jr. is turning over in his grave.
On Saturday, Speaker of the House John Boehner an-nounced that the ‘grand bar-gain’ – rumored to bring $4 trillion in debt reduction over the next ten years through a mixture of entitlement re-form, defense cuts and a me-asure of revenue increases resulting from cleaning up the tax code to get rid of so-me of the corporate entitle-ment programs that result in lower taxes and higher subsi-dies – is now off the table.
Apparently, Boehner could not sell the GOP Congres-sional Caucus on a deal that involved anything in the way of revenue increases- not even in exchange for accom-plishing reforms for which his party has fought since the days of FDR and his “New Deal”.
True conservatives should not blame Boehner for this heresy as it appears that he is no happier with the position he is being forced to take than the President is with his proposal being rejected by House Republicans who don’t grasp the whole com-promise thing.
What Boehner likely unders-tands – better than those who he is supposed to be leading – is that the GOP is permit-ting the fundamental change, long at the heart of the con-servative cause, to vanish
into thin air and that it is happening in the name of protecting corporate subsidi-es that are the very antitheses of a free market economy – another of the inviolate te-nants of conservative policy.
Subsidies that provide go-vernment incentives to indus-try are as anti-free market as government subsidies and controls that conservatives argue have skewed the costs of health care in America and led to our current crisis.
According to American con-servative scripture, a truly free market requires that pla-yers compete on level ground – not with the edge that co-mes from government han-douts and special tax breaks, whether they be for the bene-fit of a corporation or an in-dividual.
Thus, the GOP is rejecting the opportunity to accompli-sh a landmark, philosophical milestone by protecting a policy that is, in and of itself, a violation of that same con-servative philosophy.
Is the irony of this enough to make even the most ardent conservative believer questi-on what in the world is going on here?
It certainly should be.
Could the explanation for this odd behavior be that the Congressional Republican Caucus has decided to turn its back on what is supposed to be their most fundamental beliefs because their consti-
tuents are demanding that they do so?
Apparently not.
According to the Christian Science Monitor, the GOP Caucus does not appear to have any interest whatsoever in listening to its base.
“Two-thirds (67 percent) approve of making more of high earners’ income subject to Social Security tax, and nearly as many approve of raising taxes on incomes of over $250,000 (66 percent), reducing military commit-ments overseas (65 percent) and limiting tax deductions for large corporations (62 percent),” the Pew Research Center reported last month.
“Notably,” Pew found, “Re-publicans are as likely as Democrats to approve of limiting corporate tax deduc-tions.”
Still, any kind of tax increa-ses – whether it be a greater tax bite on the wealthy or on corporations seen as “job creators” – is off the table as far as large numbers of Re-publican House members are concerned.
Via The Christian Science Monitor
So, the GOP rejection of the debt deal is neither based in the free market philosophy nor the fundamental belief in entitlement reform. It is also not based on meeting their obligations to their constitu-ents.
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So, what is driving their ra-ther remarkable position?
It must be jobs and the eco-nomy.
Surely, the Republicans in Congress are convinced that removing tax subsidies to the oil industry and cleaning up the tax code to get rid of cor-porate welfare that is no lon-ger of any discernable value to the nation will make what is already a very bad jobs situation even worse.
Except that it turns out that you have to search long and wide to find an economist who supports this notion.
The other argument that ad-vocates of tax cuts for the rich make is that many small-business owners would be see their taxes go up and thus would be discouraged from hiring workers. The facts do not support this. “Only 3 percent of small-business owners are in the top brac-ket,” notes Roberton Willi-ams, a senior fellow with the Tax Policy Center, which is sponsored by the Brookings Institution and the Urban Institute. And, he adds, “They are not all what we think of as job-creating small businesses. A lot of them are hedge-fund managers and law-firm partners.” So other than perhaps a few restaura-teurs on Manhattan’s Upper East Side, the workforce is unlikely to be affected.
Via Newsweek
So, while Eric Cantor conti-nues to try and sell his base on this argument, it’s pretty hard to find anyone who knows anything about eco-nomics who actually is bu-ying the pitch.
If it’s not philosophical dogma or fulfilling their o-bligation to those who elec-ted them and it’s not the eco-nomy and/or jobs, what exac-tly is their problem?
I don’t know about you, but I can only think of one other explanation – fealty to the wealthy corporations and wealthy individuals who ke-ep your Republican leader-ship rolling in the campaign cash so they can remain in their powerful jobs.
Now, if you believe this is a good enough reason to risk the financial stability of the nation – and possibly the world – then it’s all good.
Personally, I’m a little con-cerned.
I fear we are witnessing one of the most perverse and dangerous games our leaders have ever embarked upon. I’m stunned by the sheer audacity of these elected of-ficials so ready to play chic-ken with the financial lives of so many simply to benefit a very few.
But what really amazes are the millions of middle class Americans who continue to believe that these officials
are somehow acting in their best interest.
As curious as I am to see what will ultimately come of this game, my curiosity is far more peaked by the possibi-lity that these middle class Americans might finally un-derstand that the Republicans they sent to Congress work for the big corporations and care little for their needs and problems.
Should that light bulb (in-candescent or otherwise) finally turn on, these folks should be assured that no-body is expecting them to run into the waiting arms of the Democratic Party. They might, however, wish to qui-etly send their Congressional representatives a message indicating that they would prefer not to be abandoned so that Exxon might keep the government checks flowing in.
If these middle-class Ameri-cans could just this once grasp what is being done in their name and communicate their rejection to the behavior of the leaders they have elec-ted, the rest of us would ge-nuinely appreciate it.
contact Rick at [email protected]
Twitter @rickungar
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE GUARDIAN (LO) • NEWS • 10/7/2011
Betty Ford obituary
Former first lady who founded the famous addiction treatment centre named after her Harold Jackson
Betty Ford, who has died at the age of 93, was perhaps the only politically involved person to emerge with a vas-tly enhanced reputation from the tangled American politi-cal scandal known as Water-gate. Not that she played any part in the main drama; she was unwittingly thrust into the script when an embattled Richard Nixon selected her husband, congressman Ge-rald Ford, to replace Spiro Agnew, disgraced for corrup-tion, as vice-president.
The move was as great a shock to her as to the rest of the country, and even more so when Nixon s resignation in August 1974 brought her into the White House as first lady. The reality of her new situation was brought home with a thud. Within 24 hours she found herself as hostess at a state banquet for King Hussein of Jordan. Always a strong individual, she set about her new role in charac-teristic fashion. "I was an ordinary woman who was called on stage at an extraor-dinary time," she said later. "I was no different once I became first lady than I had been before. But, through an accident of history, I had become interesting to peo-ple."
She pulled no punches in her early encounters with the press and other media, offe-ring opinions on subjects ranging from women s right to choose abortion, the need to appoint women to the Su-preme Court, the urgency of supporting the Constitutio-nal amendment on equal rights (then under debate in 50 state legislatures), and the possibility of her daughter becoming involved in pre-marital sex. It was that de-termination and honesty that eventually led to the addicti-on treatment centre that bore her name and became her legacy.
The contrast with the butto-ned-up, apolitical stance of her predecessor, Pat Nixon, brought the inevitable natio-nal furore, and various presi-dential advisers suggested that Gerald Ford should rein in his wife as soon as possi-ble. He declined, commen-ting she was fully entitled to her own views. Within we-eks, in fact, public opinion swung through 180 degrees when Betty revealed that doctors had discovered a lump in her right breast and that she faced a mastectomy. Such candour was unprece-dented and more than 55,000 messages of support poured into the White House. Betty s progress through surgery and recuperation was closely
followed, and her frank ac-counts were held responsible for a surge in screenings and early remedial treatments.
Her independent nature had been evident from her earli-est years. Born Elizabeth Bloomer in Chicago, and brought up in Grand Rapids, Michigan, she displayed an early talent for dance and began to study seriously at 14. Her progress was such that, by the age of 20, she was offered tuition by the choreographer Martha Gra-ham in New York, joined her teacher s auxiliary company for performances at Carnegie Hall and worked as a fashion model to earn extra cash. It was not a life that appealed to her mother and there were running family rows before Betty reluctantly returned home. Within a year she had married an old school swee-theart and left home, though the marriage was soon ended by mutual consent. In 1948, she married Gerald Ford, a lawyer fresh out of the war-time navy and just embarking on his political career.
She settled into the classic role of a Washington wife, eventually involved with three sons and a daughter, the parent-teacher association, the local church and all the chores of American politics. She also had lonely periods when her husband was away
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nursing his congressional district in far-off Michigan. At the age of 46, she suffered a pinched nerve which left her bedridden for several weeks. Then she developed arthritis and was prescribed powerful analgesics to help her cope with the two condi-tions. She became addicted to the pills and, under the strain of life in the White House, also took to the bot-tle.
She refused to acknowledge her problem, which her dau-ghter graphically described years later. "Going shopping could turn into a day-long wait while she got ready, and after a cocktail before dinner, Mother would doze off befo-re the meal was even over." Eventually, when Gerald
Ford was defeated in the 1976 election, her family convinced her that she must seek medical help. In April 1978 she went into the Long Beach naval hospital to be treated for her addictions and, in November that year, told the whole story in her autobiography, The Times of My Life.
When her well-documented recovery was completed in 1982, she founded the Betty Ford Centre in Rancho Mira-ge, California, dedicated to the treatment of alcohol and chemical dependency. The industrialist Leonard Firesto-ne organised much of the funding for the not-for-profit organisation, and Betty be-came chair of its board, wor-king tirelessly till the age of
87 to raise money and con-vince the American public of the need for its services. The centre s philosophy was ba-sed on peer relationships, and many celebrities, including Elizabeth Taylor, Liza Min-nelli and Mary Tyler Moore, checked in. This endeavour – the organisation has now treated more than 90,000 people – and her long record of campaigning for women s rights brought numerous a-cademic and national awards. Her husband died in 2006 and she is survived by her children.
• Elizabeth Anne Ford, US first lady and addiction tre-atment centre founder, born 18 April 1918; died 8 July 2011
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE GUARDIAN (LO) • NEWS • 10/7/2011
LetterAbortion law Suzanne Moore alerts readers to amendments to the health and social care bill proposed by Frank Field and Nadine Dorries (Column, 9 July). These amendments would require women seeking abor-tion to discuss their decision with unqualified members of organisations that have an ideological opposition to
reproductive freedom. Unfor-tunately, the situation is more urgent than the article descri-bes – Dorries and Field have approached the Department of Health directly to explore the possibility of enacting these changes without parli-amentary scrutiny. In all are-as of medicine, patients should be enabled to make
informed decisions after re-ceiving unbiased information from appropriately trained professionals; the care of women requesting abortion should be no different. Dr Richard Lyus Doctors for a Woman s Choice on Abortion
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE GUARDIAN (LO) • COMMENT IS FREE • 10/7/2011
Health: The malady lingers on
Reining in the Conservative right s deep urge to dismantle the NHS was bound to be a four-year project Things are far from healthy in the English health service. For all the grand talk about cutting bureaucracy, there are rumblings about a new mega-board with 3,500 staff and the working title, NHS En-gland. For all the promises to listen to the professions, the physician Sir Roger Boyle has just quit as national heart disease director, citing the government s wrongheaded-ness. And for all the slogans about putting patients first, we report today on signs that many waiting times are cree-ping up.
For patients, of course, dela-yed diagnostics can, in ex-tremis, make the difference between life and death. But as other gales blew through Westminster s corridors last week, there was no sense of crisis in committee room 10, where MPs were quietly re-considering the detail of An-drew Lansley s rewritten health and social care bill. While the opposition were opposing as normal, the coa-lition seemed to be operating on the assumption that the
extraordinary political fix that it had cooked up a few weeks before had removed all sting from the legislation. Having heard David Came-ron admit to past mistakes and declare his love for the service, it might be tempting for Nick Clegg and the Libe-ral Democrats to sit back and bask in the rare sense of ha-ving halted the Tory train.
That would be a temptation to resist at any time: reining in the Conservative right s deep urge to dismantle the NHS was bound to be a four-year project, not a four-week one. It needs particular resis-tance just now because of the lashings of fudge which were served on the side with the coalition s compromise. Af-ter Mr Lansley s legislative pause, Professor Steve Field produced a summary report for the coalition which sug-gested "removing" the duty on regulator Monitor to pro-mote competition, but this was based on a more detailed report by Sir Stephen Bubb which emphasised the impor-tance of promoting "diversity
of supply", which in plain speak means more private provision. Many of the e-merging ministerial amend-ments can be read in diffe-rent ways, and there are whispers that while the drive to privatise has been struck off the face of the bill, it could be reintroduced throu-gh the back-channel, by twe-aking the powers and duties on commissioners.
In a significant speech last week, Shirley Williams dam-ned parts of the hastily reco-oked bill as "confusing, obs-cure and ambiguous", and argued cogently that mud-dled policy at the top is com-pounding the difficulties of managers charged with over-seeing retrenchment on the ground. The coalition grea-sed its way out of a fix using the oil of ambiguity, but the Lords will be determined to clear up the slick, even if the Commons isn t bothered. The sooner Lib Dem MPs turn their minds to the detail, the better.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE GUARDIAN (LO) • NEWS • 10/7/2011
Rights groups fear wave of deaths as Thailand faces new drugs crack-down
Pledge by PM-in-waiting as methamphetamine addiction rockets echoes brother s 2003 war on gangs Tania Branigan
At first the tablets made life easier for Santhisuk: they helped him endure the long hours lugging heavy fabric bales in a Bangkok textiles factory.
Gradually he noticed he was angrier and more aggressive on the days he skipped them. But it was only when arres-ted for a third time – and sent to rehabilitation at a Buddhist temple – that he admitted his addiction to methampheta-mine. Now clean, the 19-year-old labourer is worrying about what will happen when he leaves the sanctuary of Wat Saphan and returns ho-me.
"It will be difficult because all my friends still take it. Drug use is so widespread now that everybody thinks it s normal," he said.
Monks at the temple in Klong Toey, one of Bangkok s poorest areas, say they have seen a huge increase in ad-diction rates. The problem has spread far beyond the Thai capital.
The number of methamphe-tamine users in Thailand will reach 1.1 million this year, the head of the country s an-ti-drug police told the Guar-
dian - equivalent to one in every 60 citizens. The num-ber of users has soared by 100,000 annually over the last five to six years, said Lieutenant-General Atitep Panjamanond.
Yingluck Shinawatra, the prime minister in waiting, has already pledged "a new war on drugs" to eliminate them within 12 months, a-larming human rights groups who fear a repeat of her brother s 2003 crack-down.
More than 2,500 people died in three months after Thaksin Shinawatra ordered police to draw up blacklists of suspec-ted dealers and act "decisi-vely and without mercy". Though the police blamed gang crime for most of the deaths - they said 68 were shot by officers "in self-defence" - human rights groups say there is compel-ling evidence of extra-judicial killings. A commit-tee later reported that more than half the dead, including a nine-year-old boy, had not been involved in the drugs trade.
But the campaign was hugely popular and as drug use rises, many want a return to tough action.
"Personally, I think the kil-lings were a good thing. If you leave it to the courts [de-alers] just cycle in and out of prison," said Aminna Bedin-lae, 84, who lost her son to drugs and now runs anti-abuse programmes in Klong Toey, where 46 residents were shot.
Substance abuse had always been rife in the Bangkok slum, but in the past glue-sniffing was more common, said the 84-year-old. "Now they start off sniffing glue at six or seven and move on ... [Methamphetamine] is more expensive so they get invol-ved with crime – theft or burglary– and it makes them more aggressive.
"My neighbour s son steals from the family and demands 300 baht [for drugs] every day. If she hasn t got it, he hits her." Drivers and labou-rers have long relied on me-thamphetamine tablets – known here as yaba or "crazy drug" – to sustain them t-hrough gruelling work ses-sions.
But Atitep said recreational use was extremely common and that children as young as 13 are taking it, with five- and six-year-olds being used as mules. Last month the
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public health minister said 6,700 children aged 7 to 17 were rehabilitated in the first half of this year.
Experts warn regular use can lead to addiction and psychi-atric problems, and say the drug is associated with vio-lent and aggressive behavi-our. Atitep said about 70% of methamphetamine comes across the Burmese border and blamed ethnic militias for churning out more drugs to fund their fight against the regime. The price of a tablet has fallen to as little as 150 baht (£3) in places; half the 2004 price. His department seized 33m tablets in 2009, and 60m last year.
"That doesn t give me plea-sure, because there is a lot more supply," the police chi-ef said. "Today we seize 1m tablets. Tomorrow they pro-duce 2m."
One of his teams had just seized 30,000 tablets in Na-khon Pathom province. But officers who traced the gang bosses behind the deal disco-vered they were already jai-led and had continued to tra-de via smuggled mobile pho-nes.
Atitep said changes in values and society were contributing to increasing drug use. O-thers say the economic fall out from 2008 s global downturn, and the distraction of authorities by political turmoil, have exacerbated problems. Some allege that corrupt officers are facilita-ting the trade.
At Wat Saphan, monks fear another crackdown would only push problems under-ground.
"When Thaksin came along it was brutal. There was sho-oting — bam, bam, bam – and were the results worth it?" asked one monk, Phra Kru Manit. "Do you know who the kingpins are? Do you know which officials are involved? Deal with that, then deal with the problem on the streets." The real solu-tion lay in rehabilitation pro-grammes and better educati-onal and economic opportu-nities for residents, he ar-gued.
Yingluck told AFP before the election that she would "han-dle the drugs policy with care [for] human rights".
Montira Kantapin, a spokes-woman for Yingluck s Puea Thai party, said a working group was considering opti-ons.
"No one is disputing the go-vernment s desire to take on the drugs industry. It is the means we are concerned a-bout," said Benjamin Zawac-ki, Amnesty International s south-east Asia researcher.
Sunai Phasuk of fellow cha-rity human rights Watch said Yingluck s pledge to eradicate drugs was the group s biggest concern.
The outgoing government had identified suspects in a similar way but "with the Democrats approach they are sent to a bootcamp facility [without proper medical help to quit]; with Thaksin s ap-proach they might end up dead," he said.
He said that many of those killed in the 2003 crackdown had been "victims of perso-nal revenge or sloppy catego-risation". One couple was shot dead after acquiring suspicious wealth; it later emerged that they had won the lottery.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE GUARDIAN (LO) • NEWS • 10/7/2011
Woman sacked for having grey hair
Employee sues for discrimination claiming she was fired over her refusal to dye her sil-ver locks Ed Pilkington
Sandra Rawline s hair turned grey when she was in her early 20s. She stuck with it, proudly displaying her shoulder-length locks with their natural silver streaks. "This is who I am," she said.
But it seems that who she was, when it comes to grey hair in the workplace, was not satisfactory to her Texan employer. In August 2009 her boss approached her and told her to confect a more "upscale image" to go with her real estate firm s move to a new headquarters in Galle-ria, Texas.
Rawline, 52, said she was told to come to work wearing "younger, fancy suits" and lots of jewellery. And she
had to dye that hair – her boss even offered to do the colouring.
When she refused, the Hous-ton Chronicle reports, she was fired within a week and replaced by a woman 10 ye-ars her junior. She has sued for discrimination in the Houston courts.
Rawline told the paper her hair colour had never been an issue until that point since she joined the firm, Capital Title, in 2003. "I was really working hard for them," she said, pointing out that she won the outstanding emplo-yee award in 2004 and 2005.
Since being forced out of the company, Rawline s income has fallen from $48,000 (£30,000) as a manager in
Capital Title to $30,000 as a customer service worker in another firm.
Capital Title, which acts as a clearing house for property deals, dismissed her allegati-ons of age and hair discri-mination as "completely baseless and preposterous". The company s chief execu-tive, Bill Shaddock, told the Chronicle: "I d hire a 150-year-old individual if they were worthy."
But Rawline said there had never been any complaints about her performance before she was so abruptly sacked. Her Houston-based lawyer, Robert Dowdy, said: "I don t think anyone should be em-barrassed or humiliated for growing older."
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE GUARDIAN (LO) • NEWS • 10/7/2011
NHS waiting times: one women s agonising delay
A special needs teacher says the wait she endured for surgery on her back problem was inhumane and unspeakable Denis Campbell
Mary Salisbury, a retired special needs teacher, was advised to have back surgery in June 2010. But the opera-
tion did not happen until March 2011, even though NHS rules say it should have been carried out within 18 weeks.
"My back trouble began in 2009. I had an MRI scan in February 2010 at St Mary s hospital in Newport on the Isle of Wight, where I live. But I then had to wait until
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early June to see the consul-tant, as he only visits the island once a month from Southampton. He immedia-tely recommended an opera-tion called a laminectomy to relieve the pressure on the nerve between my fourth and fifth vertebrae, which was being crushed and causing me severe pain, a condition called a lumbar stenosis.
"The consultant said the wai-ting time was about 12 we-eks. First, I was told the sur-gery should be in September or October, and then No-vember or December. But I was never given a definite date. Every time I rang Sou-thampton General hospital the operation receded further and further into the distance. Just before Christmas, I was told it would be 31 January, but that was cancelled. So were three subsequent opera-tions, two of them on the day
after I d stayed in Southamp-ton the night before and arri-ved as instructed at 7.30am.
"The surgery finally happe-ned on 23 March this year – 42 weeks after I d first seen the consultant, but a year and six weeks after I d had the MRI scan. I ve been sorted now, happily. But the wait I had to endure for treatment was inhumane and unspea-kable. I was in a lot of pain, but I wasn t being treated. They said priority cases were being treated. Why wasn t I a priority? I was in serious pain and distress, couldn t sleep properly and became depressed. I d always been a healthy person and never needed the NHS beforehand. Yet when I needed it, it wasn t there for me.
"That long wait was comple-tely outrageous. It took a year out of my life and had a
huge impact. I couldn t travel to see my children in the nor-th of England or even go up to London to see exhibitions, which I love. I wondered: will this wait ever end?
"I should have been treated within 18 weeks: that s in the NHS Constitution. But nei-ther my doctor, the hospital or primary care trust told me that . Why not?
"I m angry with the health secretary Andrew Lansley for saying that the 18-week treatment target wasn t effec-tive. He airily dismissed it as unimportant and said the NHS didn t need to abide by it. In fact, 18 weeks would be absolutely fine – if they abi-ded by it. The government must know that a lot of peo-ple are waiting way over the 18 weeks in pain and dis-tress, like me, but they just aren t admitting it."
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE GUARDIAN (LO) • NEWS • 10/7/2011
Christian MP sets up inquiry into religious discrimination
Amid General Synod discussions on religious freedom, Gary Streeter calls on colleagues to examine hate crime and equality Riazat Butt
A select committee-style inquiry on Christianity is to be held in order to clarify how the law affects belie-vers, amid increasing claims of religious discrimination and persecution.
The public hearings, schedu-led to last for about three
months this autumn, will invite peers and politicians to examine legislation on hate crime and equality and eva-luate whether changes are needed.
The inquiry is the idea of Gary Streeter MP, a Christi-an who chairs the cross-party group Christians in Parlia-ment. He said that, while
there was religious freedom in Britain, some groups were "whipping up an alternative view and generating fear" where there did not need to be any. He said: "That fear is growing, that voice is gro-wing. There is a particular problem. In the last 12 mon-ths, we have had legal cases that provoked concern. These now need to be tackled."
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Christian Legal Centre, whi-ch is at the forefront of repre-senting those who feel they are being discriminated aga-inst in the workplace because of their beliefs, said earlier this year it had about 50 ca-ses on its books and received up to five calls a day from Christians seeking to take action against employers for failing to respect their faith.
Their clients have included Colin Atkinson, an electrici-an who wanted to display a crucifix in his van, and Owen and Eunice Johns, who refu-sed to tell foster children in their care that homosexuality was acceptable.
Streeter said the panel would invite submissions from legal professionals, businesses, individuals and social policy groups from faith and non-faith backgrounds.
"The outcome of our inquiry might be that the law needs to be nudged back in certain areas and we won t shy away from saying so," he said.
"The public at large don t care what we do but, in the Christian community, there is a measure of concern about the issue. They will be plea-sed to see Christian parlia-mentarians doing something. They will be pleased to re-
ceive some reassurance that the fear whipped up is not necessary.
"It s only people of the C-hristian faith running up into the law; secularists aren t doing that. We are not put-ting one group of people a-bove one another."
The MP s move came as the Church of England grappled with the issue of religious freedom at this weekend s General Synod meeting in York.
The chair of its public affairs council, Dr Phillip Giddings, told the legislative arm of the Church of England that some employers had "interpreted the law in ways which seem to assume that reasonable respectful expressions of faith, are, almost by definiti-on, offensive".
He said: "This is a cause of great concern. We shall con-tinue to monitor the emer-ging case law on how far employers can lawfully limit the ability of Christians to manifest their faith in the workplace."
Synod member Alison Ruoff asked if he was aware of an increasing marginalisation of Christians, leading to perse-cution. Giddings replied: "I
am well aware that many Christians believe that to be the case. We are reflecting those views in our dealings with government."
The bishop of Bradford, Nick Baines, welcomed the in-quiry: "It will be a good thing to have people in parli-ament doing this kind of thing. They can nail down some of the myths.
"I don t believe Christians are being persecuted. Having said that, I do think there is still a degree of religious illiteracy which is prejudiced against Christians in some circumstances. To say we re being persecuted is nonsen-se."
Trevor Phillips, who chairs the Equality and human ri-ghts Commission, claimed last month that the person most likely to "feel slighted" because of their religion was an evangelical Christian.
In an interview with the Sun-day Telegraph, he said there were a lot of Christian acti-vist voices who appeared "bent on stressing the kind of persecution that I don t think really exists in this country".
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE GUARDIAN (LO) • NEWS • 10/7/2011
Focus of phone-hacking investigation shifts to Les Hinton
Top aide to Rupert Murdoch faces questions on whether he saw 2007 internal report on widespread hacking Dan Sabbagh and Polly Curtis
Les Hinton, Rupert Murdoch s lifelong lieutenant and clo-sest adviser, faces questions over whether he saw a 2007 internal News International report, which found evidence that phone hacking was more widespread than admitted by the company, before he testi-fied to a parliamentary com-mittee that the practice was limited to a single reporter.
News of the existence of the 2007 report – the conclusions of which were kept hidden from the public, MPs and police – came as Murdoch, chairman and CEO of News Corporation, arrived in the UK to deal directly with the rapidly developing crisis.
The collection of memos that formed the inquiry were sent to the Metropolitan police earlier this year. This step came after executives who had joined NI more recently discovered its existence and sent it to the Operation Wee-ting team investigating News of the World phone hacking.
Despite the alleged conclusi-ons of the memos, NI execu-tives repeatedly went on the record to say hacking was confined to a single "rogue reporter" – and gave eviden-
ce to parliament that that was the case.
Hinton, who then ran NI, which is owned by News Corp, spoke to the Commons culture committee looking into the Goodman affair on 6 March 2007. He was asked whether the News of the World had "carried out a full, rigorous internal inquiry" into phone hacking and whe-ther he was "absolutely con-vinced" the practice was li-mited to a single reporter.
The Guardian understands that Hinton was among five NI executives who had ac-cess to the report. The then News of the World editor, Colin Myler, and legal coun-sel, Tom Crone, are also un-derstood to have seen it.
Hinton – an employee of Murdoch for 52 years – was succeeded by James Murdo-ch, who it is understood had no knowledge of the 2007 internal inquiry until recen-tly. He joined NI from BSkyB, where he had been chief executive. Also in the dark was Rebekah Brooks, who at the time was editing the Sun.
The NI investigation began after Clive Goodman, the News of the World s former royal editor, and Glenn Mul-caire, its £100,000-a-year
private investigator, were jailed for hacking into pho-nes belonging to aides of Prince William and Harry. It was conducted with the help of lawyers Harbottle & Le-wis, and was led by NI s di-rector of legal affairs, Jon Chapman, who has since left the company.
Lawrence Abramson, mana-ging partner of Harbottle & Lewis, wrote to Chapman to say that they had not found anything irregular in their examination of the internal emails.
The letter, which was presen-ted to the select committee, concluded: "We did not find anything in those emails which appeared to us to be reasonable evidence that Cli-ve Goodman s illegal actions were known about and sup-ported by both or either of Andy Coulson, the editor, and Neil Wallis, the deputy editor, and/or that Ian Ed-mondson, the news editor, and others were carrying out similar illegal procedures."
The NI investigation was based on the examination of 2,500 emails: on Sunday night, however, there were reports that only 300 of those emails had been passed on to Harbottle & Lewis.
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While pressure seemed to be growing on some senior NI executives, Murdoch gave a very visible show of support to Brooks when he appeared with her on Sunday night outside his London home. Asked what his priority was, he smiled, gestured to Bro-oks and said: "This one." Brooks is set to be intervie-wed by police as a witness in the coming days.
The scandal continues to grip Westminster and Scotland Yard. Sir Paul Stephenson, the head of the Metropolitan police, is to make an apology over the force s "institutio-nal" failings in its investiga-tion of the scandal.
As one of News Corporation s biggest investors, Yackt-man Asset Management, insisted that buying BSkyB was not a "make or break" deal for the company, the government was scrambling to find a way to postpone a decision on the deal without exposing it to a multimillion-pound judicial review.
Labour is threatening to table a motion on Wednesday cal-ling for a delay until after the police inquiries are comple-ted if the prime minister does not take action. Nick Clegg is to tell Lib Dem MPs that they can back the motion if it is legally compliant.
The government has consis-tently said it cannot drop the BSkyB deal because it has already satisfied a plurality test and any other reasoning would leave it exposed to judicial review. But it was
becoming increasingly clear it would have to find a way or face a rebellion in the Commons that could result in a standoff between the legis-lature and the judiciary.
Ed Miliband, the Labour leader, told the BBC s An-drew Marr show: "I say this to the prime minister candi-dly. Over the next 72 hours I hope he changes his position on this because I don t want to force this to a vote in the House of Commons.
"But I think he s got to un-derstand that when the public have seen the disgusting re-velations that we ve seen this week the idea that this orga-nisation, which engaged in these terrible practices, should be allowed to get that 100% stake without the cri-minal investigation being completed and on the basis of assurances from that self-same organisation, I m afraid that won t wash with the pu-blic."
His office said they had until Tuesday night to table the motion, and would use the next 48 hours to get "as mu-ch political support as we can".
Jeremy Hunt, the culture secretary, who is in charge of taking the decision on BSkyB, will consult his law-yers to see what impact a parliamentary vote could have on his quasi-judicial role in ruling on BSkyB. There were suggestions from the Lib Dem benches that the Tories could even back the Commons motion if it provi-
ded a way out. However, No 10 sources said that they would not speculate on a motion when they hadn t yet seen the wording.
Such a motion, which would be tabled during Labour s opposition day debate on Wednesday, would result in a resolution in the Commons, which although not legally binding could put intolerable pressure on the government to postpone the deal. The decision had already been kicked into the long grass after Hunt s department re-ceived a reported 200,000 responses to a consultation.
Philip Hammond, the trans-port secretary, when asked on Sky News about the a-ward of a 100% stake in BSkyB to News Internatio-nal, said: "Well, I understand that people would be very concerned about that and I think probably many of us would be very concerned, but we have to operate within the law. The government can t just change the rules in mids-tream – if we did we d un-doubtedly be taken to court and we d probably lose so we have to tread very carefully within the law."
With Labour leading the charge against NI, the Lib Dems sought to regain their reputation for standing up to the Murdoch empire. In op-position they had been the only party voicing concerns about journalistic practices at News International.
The energy secretary, Chris Huhne, confirmed that Clegg
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had warned Cameron in the days after the coalition was formed against hiring Andy Coulson, the ex-editor of News of the World, to be his director of communications.
An aide to Clegg said that if the motion resolved the legal issues, he would back it: "If it s legally compliant then any motion that states the obvious will receive Liberal
Democrat support. Nick thinks that it s preposterous that everything going on couldn t influence such a decision."
Lord Oakeshott, the Lib Dem peer and close ally of Vince Cable, who was stripped of the responsibility for the BSkyB merger after a Tele-graph sting recorded him saying he had "declared war"
with Murdoch over the mer-ger plans, said: "Lib Dems from the cabinet to council-lors … are totally united. We want to block the BSkyB bid and then break up the Mur-doch empire. He s far too powerful – we don t let Tes-co have 40% of the market. This is not just about bloc-king the bid, it s about en-ding a serious danger to our democracy."
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE GUARDIAN (LO) • NEWS • 10/7/2011
Met police boss to apologise for institutional failures on phone hacking
Scotland Yard s most senior officer is expected to admit blanket shortcomings in the Met and the Crown Prosecution Service Amelia Hill
The head of the Metropolitan police is to apologise publi-cly for "institutional" failures in his force s investigation of the unfolding phone-hacking story.
Sir Paul Stephenson has been urged by senior advisers to make the apology in an at-tempt to stifle further criti-cism over the police s refusal to take the scandal seriously, despite growing concerns and allegations over many years.
Scotland Yard s most senior police officer is expected to make the announcement on Wednesday. He is said to be prepared to admit blanket shortcomings in the Met and the Crown Prosecution Ser-vice.
Stephenson is also expected to apologise specifically for his own failure to take the allegations of hacking seri-ously after the News of the World s former royal corres-pondent Clive Goodman and a private investigator for the paper, Glenn Mulcaire, were jailed in 2007.
But the mea culpa is being seen by some as a cynical attempt to distance himself from his increasingly embat-tled assistant commissioner, John Yates, the officer he appointed to review the ori-ginal inquiry.
Stephenson has stood by Ya-tes until now, and is unders-tood not to have questioned his initial assessment of the case two years ago. "They are in this together," said a police source.
But the admission by Ste-phenson that the police were deeply at fault for not stop-ping the hacking is seen by some as implicitly cutting loose the man who was once his closest friend and ally.
Yates admitted on Sunday that his 2009 decision not to reopen the investigation into News International had been "a pretty crap one", which he now deeply regretted.
In an interview with the Sun-day Telegraph, Yates said Scotland Yard s reputation had been "very damaged" by its repeated failures to hold News International to ac-count over the scandal.
Yates, who is already facing calls for his resignation, ad-mitted that he had had the opportunity to reopen the
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case in 2009 amid growing disquiet about the scandal, but he chose not to do so after just eight hours conside-ration.
He had confided to collea-gues that he could not give the hacking case his full at-tention when he had been made responsible for running the security operation for next year s Olympics – whi-ch he regarded as his priority.
But despite 11,000 pages of material from Mulcaire s private records being in poli-ce possession, Yates made the now notorious decision – after limited consultations with other senior detectives and Crown Prosecution law-yers – that there was no evi-dence that could lead to fur-ther convictions.
He was forced to acknowled-ge that the evidence that led to the shock arrest of Andy Coulson, the NoW s former editor, and the re-arrest of Goodman had come from Mulcaire s notebooks, as did the evidence for the arrests in April of this year of Ian Ed-mondson and Neville Thurl-beck, the former news editor and chief reporter of the pa-per.
Mulcaire s notebooks are now known to contain such explosive information that officers with Operation Wee-ting, the investigation set up to reinvestigate the hacking scandal, have spent many hundreds of hours combing the papers. Their efforts have identified around 4,000 vic-
tims, all of whom are to be contacted.
Stephenson s apology this week is confirmation of Ya-tes s admission that the who-le scandal – specifically cla-ims that officers were paid money by the NoW for in-formation – has been "a very damaging episode for us".
Yates acknowledged that the force must now work very hard to rebuild the public s trust – not least because the police face a slew of civil actions by possible victims of phone hacking who accuse the Met of failing in their duty of care by neglecting to inform them their names ap-peared on Mulcaire s list.
Lord Prescott, the former deputy prime minister, La-bour MP Chris Bryant, and Brian Paddick, a former de-puty assistant commissioner of the Met, are among those preparing to mount a judicial review into claims that the police deliberately misled them in 2006 over evidence their mobile phones had been hacked.
The Labour MP Tom Wat-son, who has been highligh-ting News International s wrongdoing for two years, has called on Rupert Murdo-ch to give evidence to the Commons select committee.
"After James Murdoch s sta-tement, in which he admitted that a parliamentary commit-tee had been misled, I will insist that Rupert Murdoch, James Murdoch and Rebekah Brooks come to the culture,
media and sport committee to explain themselves," said Watson, who revealed the NoW may have targeted the families of the girls murdered by Ian Huntley in Soham.
"Rupert Murdoch is the most powerful media mogul in the UK and he has never answe-red questions in parliament." Savage criticism
John Yates will this month hear the findings of a new report into allegations that he misled parliament over the phone-hacking scandal at the News of the World.
The report into the handling of the phone-hacking inves-tigation by Scotland Yard and the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) is expected to be scathing of the increasin-gly beleaguered officer.
Yates, one of Scotland Yard s most senior police officers, is said to be singled out for "savage" criticism in the re-port, to be published later this month by the Commons culture, media and sport committee.
The report focuses on claims by Yates in 2009 that there were just 10 to 12 victims of the NoW s phone hacking.
Yates told the committee that the CPS had said phone hac-king was only illegal if voi-cemails had been intercepted before they had been listened to by their intended recipient.
Lord Macdonald, the former director of public prosecuti-ons, is also expected to be
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criticised in the report. He advised Scotland Yard on its original investigation and was head of the CPS during the initial inquiries when critics maintain it was aware of the true scale of the phone hacking.
He is now advising News International on how it han-dles legal claims brought by victims of the NoW s phone hacking.
Yates told the committee that the CPS had said phone hac-king was only illegal if voi-cemails had been intercepted before they had been listened to by their intended recipient.
Lord Macdonald, the former director of public prosecuti-ons, is also expected to be criticised in the report. He advised Scotland Yard on its original investigation and was head of the CPS during
the initial inquiries when critics maintain it was aware of the true scale of the phone hacking.
• This article was amended on 11 July 2011. A sentence incorrectly stating that Lord Macdonald is advising News International on civil phone-hacking claims was removed.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • OBITUARIES • 10/7/2011
Jimmy Roselli, Italian-American Singer, Dies at 85
By MARGALIT FOX
He was a skinny Italian-American kid from Hoboken, N.J., who could croon like an angel. Before long, his sin-ging made women swoon and grown men cry. For de-cades, he sang standards to adoring crowds worldwide, including, notably, “My Way.”
He had brown eyes.
Jimmy Roselli, a pop singer widely known as the other crooner from Hoboken, spent his life in the long, slim sha-dow of Francis Albert Sina-tra. But in many traditional Italian-American communiti-es in the Eastern United Sta-tes he was as fiercely venera-ted as Sinatra, if not more so.
Mr. Roselli, who continued performing until he was near-ly 80, died on June 30, at 85.
The cause of his death, at his home in Clearwater, Fla., was complications of a long-time heart ailment, his agent, Alan Salomon, said.
Almost entirely self-taught, Mr. Roselli had a lush, quasi-operatic tenor and impecca-ble diction. He belonged to the generation of Italian-American pop singers that besides Sinatra included Per-ry Como, Dean Martin (né Dino Crocetti) and Tony Bennett (Anthony Benedet-to).
But though he sang in storied nightclubs like the Copaca-bana in New York, appeared on television and made do-zens of recordings, Mr. Ro-selli was far less well known than they.
This obscurity, he long main-tained, was brought about through the combined efforts
of Sinatra, with whom he had an enduring feud, and local underworld figures, who, when they weren’t weeping along to his sentimental Itali-an hits, were, he often said, threatening him with a hit of another kind.
But in the end, the single greatest impediment to Mr. Roselli’s career appears to have been Mr. Roselli him-self. Through a combination of Constitutional abrasive-ness, Old World suspicion of the entertainment business and a deep-seated fear of success, people who knew him have said, he managed to torpedo nearly every oppor-tunity that came his way.
Michael John Roselli was born in West New York, N.J., on Dec. 26, 1925. His mother died two days after giving birth to him; his fa-ther, a prizefighter, abando-
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ned him soon afterward. He was reared in a cold-water flat in Hoboken by his grand-father, a longshoreman who spoke only Italian, and his four aunts. (The young Mr. Roselli was known as Mic-key until he was in his 20s, when an agent, thinking the name unrefined, changed it to Jimmy.)
By the time he was 9, he had developed a fine voice. Carr-ying a shoeshine kit, which gave him plausible access to local saloons, he sang for change. At 13, he won first prize on the radio talent show “Major Bowes’ Original Amateur Hour.” At 18, he went into the Army, serving in Europe during World War II.
He began his career in ear-nest after the war. He became known for English-language standards like “There Must Be a Way” and “When Your Old Wedding Ring Was New” but was most famous for lachrymose Neapolitan songs like “Torna a Surrien-to” (“Come Back to Sorren-to”) and “Malafemmena” (“Bad Woman”), which he rendered in fluent Neapolitan dialect.
In performance, his ready emotionalism stood in stark contrast to Sinatra’s studied cool. “He was not a nuanced singer; he was a heartfelt singer,” David Evanier, the author of “Making the Wise-
guys Weep: The Jimmy Ro-selli Story” (1998), said in an interview on Wednesday. “Jolson was his hero, and he sang many Jolson songs.”
By Mr. Roselli’s own ac-count and many published ones, mobsters adored him — at least some of the time. “He sang at John Gotti Jr.’s wedding, and he sang the wiseguy anthem ‘Little Pal’ ” — a song popularized by Jolson — “about how when Daddy goes away, you have to be a good little boy to your mother,” Mr. Evanier said. “His greatest fan was Carlo Gambino, who cooked for him.”
At other times, though, Mr. Roselli appeared to bite the hands that fed him by refu-sing to share his earnings. “They ran all the clubs,” Mr. Evanier explained. “They’d skim off the top, and they weren’t able to do that fre-quently with him.”
By the late 1960s, Mr. Rosel-li had antagonized enough people to have committed a measure of professional sui-cide. Among them was Sina-tra, whose mother Mr. Rosel-li was said to have offended after he demanded a large fee to sing at a charity benefit she was organizing. Sudden-ly, according to many publi-shed accounts, his recordings vanished from jukeboxes, club dates dried up and he received little radio play.
There were other instances of seeming self-sabotage. Sa-ying he was being underpaid, he quit a seven-show boo-king on “The Ed Sullivan Show” after only three shows. On similar grounds, he passed up appearances on “The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson,” a role in “The Godfather: Part II” and many other offers.
Think of the exposure, his friends would say. From ex-posure, Mr. Roselli replied, you get pneumonia.
He did appear on Broadway, sharing an old-style vaude-ville bill with the comedian Pat Cooper at the Palace Theater in 1969, and he sang at Carnegie Hall.
Mr. Roselli’s first marriage, to Angeline Giuffra, ended in divorce. His survivors inclu-de his second wife, the for-mer Donna Tumolo; a daugh-ter, Anne, from his first mar-riage; and a grandchild.
Late in life, Mr. Roselli en-joyed something of a renais-sance. He sang regularly in Atlantic City, commanding, Mr. Evanier said, $100,000 a night or more. And even now, he said, in many a New York Italian restaurant, Mr. Roselli beams down from a framed photograph on the wall as his voice wells up from the jukebox.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • SPORTS WEDNESDAY • 10/7/2011
At All-Star Game, Politics and Passion Are Also in Play
Demonstrators plan to pass out white ribbons; Phoenix plans to pass out chains. By GEORGE VECSEY
So it goes in the old immi-gration game. For all the ho-peful blather that the weal-thiest players would take one for a cause, baseball is arri-ving in broiling Phoenix, ready for the Home Run Derby and all the feel-good ceremonies and the All-Star Game itself on Tuesday.
The proposed boycott to pro-test Arizona’s immigration law, known as S.B. 1070, which would tighten the sur-veillance and prosecution of suspected illegal immigrants, has long since turned into a peaceful wearing of white ribbons and passing out of literature and perhaps some personal criticism of the law from a few players with soci-al awareness.
To show his respect for the tasteful lowering of tension, Sheriff Joseph M. Arpaio of Maricopa County said he planned to use one of the county’s chain gangs to clean up the area around Chase Field near downtown Phoe-nix.
“You think I put the chain gang in the desert where no one could see them?” Sheriff Joe was quoted saying Wed-nesday by The Arizona Re-public. “I’ve never done that,” he added, noting that the chain gang members, all
convicted of crimes, will have volunteered for their cleanup duty.
Work crews like this are qui-te normal for major events, Sheriff Joe reassured the world. Most likely, he added, any chain gang would inclu-de illegal immigrants. He used chain gangs of D.U.I. offenders during Super Bowl XLII and unveiled a winking neon “Vacancy” sign outside a jail during Super Bowl XXX. Why should Sheriff Joe change now, just because fans all over the baseball diaspora will have their eyes on Phoenix for a couple of days?
Welcome to Arizona, ground zero of the debate over ille-gal immigration. When Ari-zona’s controversial law was passed in 2010, baseball had long since awarded the 2011 All-Star Game to Phoenix. There was some chatter a-bout moving the game, and a few Latino players blurted that they just might boycott the game.
“Unfortunately, they did not move the game,” said Luis Avila, the president of So-mos America (We Are Ame-rica), the umbrella group of 25 groups protesting the Ari-zona law.
Major League Baseball and Commissioner Bud Selig,
who has a home in Arizona, did not immediately move the game elsewhere, the way N.F.L. Commissioner Paul Tagliabue had moved the 1993 Super Bowl several years in advance when Ari-zona refused to make Martin Luther King’s Birthday a paid state holiday.
•
In one sense, baseball was taken off the hook last April when a federal court ruled against the strictest portions of S.B. 1070. For the mo-ment, critics of the bill can-not claim that Adrian Gonza-lez of the Red Sox or Jose Bautista of the Blue Jays are likely to be hauled into the pokey for looking vaguely, in the eyes of some police offi-cer, like somebody who had just crossed the border wi-thout papers.
But they could arrive for the game unable to miss the cha-in gangs being displayed by Sheriff Joe just outside the team bus. Welcome to Phoe-nix, everybody.
The latest evidence is that immigration from Mexico to the United States is declining as more Mexicans stay home to work and to be close to their families. The state is appealing the federal decisi-on to the Supreme Court, which has recently upheld
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another Arizona bill that pe-nalizes hiring illegal immi-grants.
Critics of the bill will stand as witnesses in the hot sun (a high of 103 is forecast) and will pass out white ribbons and antibill literature to pa-trons heading into the air-conditioned sanctuary of Chase Field.
“We are a diverse state,” said Avila, 28, who came from Queretaro, Mexico, a decade ago to study at the University of Arizona and is now an American citizen and a paid community organizer who volunteers his free time for Somos America.
“We are against knee-jerk talk,” Avila said. “We are against divisive rhetoric.”
Avila says he expected some of the many Latino players in the game to wear ribbons on their street clothes and to speak out against the bill. Major League Baseball has given signals that the players are free to air their personal opinions during the All-Star celebration. Avila says he expects several retired Latino players to attend and speak against the bill.
Two people who will attend the All-Star Game are Rachel Robinson, the widow of Jac-kie Robinson, and Sharon Robinson, the daughter of Jackie and Rachel. Sharon said she planned to wear a white ribbon because “I am totally opposed to the legisla-tion.”
But she is showing up, partly because she is a consultant for Major League Baseball on an essay contest for chil-dren called Breaking Barri-ers. This year’s winner is Meggie Zahneis, 13, from West Chester, Ohio, who has a rare neurological disability and wrote an essay tracing her many opportunities to the promise of America.
“Listening to stories told by my grandma, I realize that back in her day, women didn’t have the same career opportunities or rights as men,” the young woman wrote. “Now that the road has been paved by pioneers such as Susan B. Anthony and Martin Luther King Jr., anyone can grow up and be our president, as proven by Barack Obama.”
Since the All-Star Game be-came caught up in the tensi-ons over immigration, the name of Jackie Robinson has been bandied about, as some sort of Che Guevara in spi-kes.
“I can’t speak for him, but the fact is, we are going,” Sharon Robinson said for herself and her mother, 88, who is still a force. She said that her father always sho-wed up to play, and to play hard, but that he would su-rely have used the forum of the All-Star Game to make his point about the Arizona bill.
Jackie Robinson’s most vis-ceral protest came as a young second lieutenant in Texas during World War II, when
he refused to move to the back of the bus and went through a court-martial (he was acquitted) before leaving the service. In his early years with the Brooklyn Dodgers, he heard a lot of the ugly comments, but in short order, he began speaking out, from the bully pulpit of a hard slide or a few pointed re-marks to reporters after a game. And in his retirement, he was a Republican, a busi-nessman and an activist du-ring the civil rights era — a presence, not an absence.
“My father marched with Dr. King down south, he went to the church in Birmingham where the little girls were killed,” Sharon Robinson said the other day. “He took the whole family to the Mar-ch on Washington in 1963. I was 13, and I remember how hot it was, and I heard Dr. King speak. Later we held a jazz concert in our house in Connecticut to raise money for Dr. King, who came to our house.”
Roberto Clemente became America’s great Latin spor-ting hero the moment his flimsy charter plane crashed into the sea off his native Puerto Rico on New Year’s Eve in 1972, while he was ferrying goods to earthquake-stricken Nicaragua. Having been around the Pirates du-ring the turbulent 1960s, I can guarantee that if Clemen-te were alive today, he would be showing up in Phoenix, with something to say.
The Major League Baseball Players Association, whose
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current membership is about 30 percent Latino, has oppo-sed the bill from the begin-ning. But the executive direc-tor, Michael Weiner, has not urged players to skip the ga-me or to take any unified action.
•
“The Major League Baseball Players Association opposes this law as written,” Weiner
said in a statement Friday. “We hope that the law is re-pealed or modified promptly. If the current law goes into effect, the M.L.B.P.A. will consider additional steps necessary to protect the ri-ghts and interests of our members.” But he never mentioned the words boycott or protest.
It was always a dodgy propo-sition to expect highly diver-
se millionaire ballplayers to be way out ahead of the rest of us. The issue belongs to Americans like Luis Avila and millions of other Ameri-cans, particularly those who live near the Mexican border and are entitled to their own views on immigration and S.B. 1070. The All-Star Ga-me goes on, with white rib-bons and chains.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • NEW YORK • 10/7/2011
Judge Rules Ex-Firefighter Cannot Sue Over Mosque
By COLIN MOYNIHAN
A Manhattan judge has dis-missed a lawsuit by a former New York City firefighter who is trying to stop the construction of an Islamic community center in Lower Manhattan.
The former firefighter, Timo-thy Brown, sought to over-turn a decision by the New York City Landmarks Pre-servation Commission to deny landmark status for a 150-year-old building on Park Place that would be demolished to make way for the center.
The building, which once housed a Burlington Coat Factory store, was damaged in the Sept. 11, 2001, attack that destroyed the World Trade Center two blocks a-way. Developers of the cen-ter, known as Park51, hope
to erect a new building that would include a swimming pool, an auditorium and a mosque.
In a decision issued on Fri-day, Justice Paul G. Feinman of State Supreme Court in Manhattan wrote that Mr. Brown was “an individual with a strong interest in pre-servation of the building” but added that Mr. Brown lacked any special legal standing on its fate.
The community center pro-ject was proposed by a deve-loper, Sharif el-Gamal; the imam of a nearby mosque, Feisal Abdul Rauf; and his wife, Daisy Khan. Critics of the project contended that it was wrong to place a mosque so close to where the 9/11 attack was carried out by Muslim extremists. After a hearing in March, Mr. Brown
called the developers “un-American.”
Supporters of the project, including Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg, have maintained that under the Constitution, no one has the right to dictate where a house of worship may be located.
In court papers, Mr. Brown’s lawyers suggested that the decision to withhold land-mark status had been influ-enced by the mayor.
A lawyer for the city called that argument “a conspiracy theory” and said the land-marks commission had fol-lowed proper procedures.
The decision removed what would appear to be the last legal challenge to the project, but the development faces other obstacles. Mr. Gamal has acknowledged, for ins-
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tance, that he has not raised much of the $100 million needed to build the center.
Jack Lester, a lawyer for Mr. Brown, said on Sunday: “We believe the brave men and
women who risked their lives have standing to preserve the monuments and historic buildings at ground zero.”
Mr. Gamal’s lawyer, Adam Leitman Bailey, called the
decision “a victory for Ame-rica” and said: “Despite the tempest of religious hatred, the judge flexed our Consti-tution’s muscles enforcing the very bedrock of our de-mocracy.”
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • INTERNATIONAL • 10/7/2011
No Extradition for Chad Leader By REUTERS DAKAR, Senegal (Reuters) — Senegal on Sunday sus-pended a decision to send Hissène Habré, the former Chad leader, back home to face trial for crimes commit-ted while he was in power in the 1980s.
Madicke Niang, Senegal’s foreign affairs minister, said the decision had been made after the intervention of Na-vanethem Pillay, the United Nations high commissioner for human rights, who earli-er on Sunday called on Sene-gal not to extradite Mr. Ha-
bré unless he was guaranteed a fair trial and not face tortu-re or execution. Mr. Habré, 69, who was ous-ted in a coup in December 1990, has lived in Senegal since then. Chad has accused him of thousands of killings and other atrocities.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • INTERNATIONAL • 10/7/2011
Offering Slow, Small Changes, Morocco’s King Stays in Power
By NADIM AUDI
RABAT, Morocco — With the pace of democratic chan-ge stalled or staggering under violent crackdowns in the Middle East and North Afri-ca, Morocco’s recent decisi-on to alter its Constitution provides what some see as an alternative to the bloody con-frontations that have marked the Arab Spring.
Morocco’s decision — in the form of a referendum to give more powers to elected lea-
ders — was offered as a uni-que answer to the insistent calls for democratic change that have swept through Arab countries since Tunisians unexpectedly toppled their longtime dictator in January.
For now the electoral victory in Morocco remains largely symbolic. King Mohammed VI proposed the referendum himself, but the revisions to the Constitution it allowed ensure that he maintains ne-arly absolute political power and unquestioned control
over the military. And the Constitution’s ability to bring real change to this cen-turies-old monarchy will largely depend on how the text is applied to everyday politics.
But supporters of the new Constitution argue that mo-ving slowly may be the su-rest way to achieve sustaina-ble change, and analysts say that even baby steps may be enough to inspire others in the region to follow suit e-ventually. At the least, the
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events in Morocco provide a striking counterpoint to those in Egypt and Tunisia, where leaders’ concessions appea-red to work against them, emboldening protesters.
“It’s a peaceful revolution, and the major difference with other countries in the region is that protesters never called for the fall of the regime,” said Mokhtar El Ghambou, who is helping to found Ra-bat International University. “There was no bloodshed. I think it shows there are two options; the first one is radi-cal change, the second is change with continuity.”
For some, that is a good thing. For others, Morocco’s example is troubling, provi-ding ammunition for rulers and counterrevolutionaries intent on breaking the mo-mentum for sweeping reform that was in protesters’ favor for months.
“If the Egyptian revolution fails to bring change, with places like Morocco in mind, there will be a big backlash against the revolutions,” Mr. El Ghambou said.
Morocco’s evolution was inspired by many of the same issues that birthed the revolu-tions in Egypt and Tunisia.
The kingdom, on the western edge of North Africa, has a large population of restless young people, many of them unemployed, and the country is troubled by a level of ne-potism reminiscent of Tuni-sia’s and a yawning gap bet-ween rich and poor.
At first, the nation’s reaction to the stunning news from Tunisia and Egypt tracked with those of others in the region. Protesters took to the streets with their grievances, and the government cracked down, sometimes violently.
But the narrative diverged from there. Government tro-ops beat demonstrators, but did not fire on them, and the protesters themselves were more interested on pushing their king toward a true Constitutional monarchy than pushing him out.
Mohammed VI already had a well of good will to draw on. He is considered forward-thinking and a gentler leader than his father, King Hassan II. Early in his reign he took steps to modernize the king-dom, including promoting a family law that raised the age for women to marry and al-lowed them to seek a divor-ce.
With the rise of radical Is-lam, however, the king slo-wed the pace of change, frus-trating many of his subjects. Over time, he was also accu-sed of tolerating corruption and of allowing advisers and former schoolmates to amass fortunes from state contracts.
He began to propose major changes again only after pro-tests roiled major Moroccan cities this year. He proposed the Constitutional changes that went to a vote on July 1, and pardoned scores of pri-soners who the opposition said were jailed for their po-litical beliefs.
Under the new provisions, which fell short of demands for a real Constitutional monarchy, the prime minister will still be appointed by the king, but will now need to be chosen from the party with the parliamentary majority. In a change from the past, the prime minister will be char-ged with appointing govern-ment ministers, but the king still needs to approve those choices.
The Constitutional changes — and the reality that 98 percent of an unusually high turnout of voters approved them — has left some Mo-roccans, especially on the left, disillusioned.
“The king gives the impres-sion of giving the keys to the prime minister, while kee-ping a copy in his pocket,” wrote Karim Boukhari, editor and publisher of the franco-phone weekly Tel Quel. “Morocco deserves much better, and right now.”
Members of the February 20 Movement for Change, whi-ch coordinated the country’s demonstrations, have vowed to keep up weekly protests.
“This text is not acceptable, it was cooked up in the hall-ways of the palace,” said Zineb El Rhazoui, a journa-list and human rights advo-cate, who is active in the protest movement. “It’s all cosmetic.”
Whether Morocco’s example can be replicated is an open question. Relative to its nei-
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ghbors, the country was more open to reform.
Analysts said that other mo-narchies, including those in the gulf, were unlikely to follow suit in good part be-cause their populations were both wealthier and more con-servative, and therefore less likely to agitate for demo-cracy.
The leaders of two other A-rab countries, Jordan and Algeria, have at least sugges-ted political reforms, but it is unclear if they will move ahead.
The situation in Jordan more closely mirrors Morocco’s: it is a monarchy with close ties to the United States, and King Abdullah II has recen-tly reshuffled his cabinet to try to appease protesters. But analysts said regional realiti-es might doom more signifi-cant changes, especially as Syria descends further into chaos, with the government unable to quell unrest despite a fierce crackdown.
“They’re closely watching the situation in neighboring Syria, and are very worried about being destabilized by events there,” said Muham-mad Abbas Nagi of the A-hram Center for Political and Strategic Studies in Cairo, a government-financed resear-ch center. “They’re not com-fortable with what could
happen if they start answe-ring the protesters’ calls for change.”
It is also in Jordan’s econo-mic interest to maintain close ties with countries like Saudi Arabia, which balks at chan-ge in the region and sent tro-ops into Bahrain to support the monarchy after weeks of protests. A recent offer to consider including Jordan as a member of the Gulf Coope-ration Council has been per-ceived as an effort to buttress the monarchy and keep Jor-dan in the fold.
But even if no country fol-lows Morocco’s example in the near future, the king’s ability, at least so far, to sa-tisfy critics and still maintain power presents an alternative for reformers searching for new ways to wrest power from leaders who have clung to their positions for deca-des..
“On one side, you have Lib-ya, which is exactly where Arab populations want to avoid going; on the other, you have this Moroccan counterpoint, which showed it was possible to absorb dis-content through reforms,” said Haoues Seniguer, a pro-fessor and researcher at Lyon’s Institute for Political Studies. “What is certain is that some governments might
be inspired by this successful strategy to diffuse protests.”
In the end, whether others follow Morocco’s lead may depend in part on whether the country’s experiment turns out to be a true templa-te for change.
One of the first tests of the king’s commitment to reform will come after parliamentary elections, expected this fall. Detractors will be watching closely to see whether the elections are fair and whether he chooses as prime minister someone anxious for reform or someone who is merely acceptable to the winning party.
For the king’s many suppor-ters, the changes may be im-perfect, but they are the best way forward.
“People in Egypt are still throwing rocks at each other, and we already have a new Constitution,” said Rachid Benmami, 55, as he sat in a coffeehouse in Casablanca, Morocco’s economic capital. “The king knows what’s go-od for his people,” he said, removing an aging picture of Mohammed VI from his wal-let.
“We thank God for our king,” he said as he kissed the picture.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • EDITORIALS, OP-ED AND LED • 10/7/2011
Underpaid Judges? To the Editor:
Re “Judges Quitting at Unu-sual Rate as Salaries Lag” (front page, July 5):
I have practiced public-interest law for nearly 40 years and have always been disturbed by the argument that judges are underpaid. Serving as a judge is public service, and public service means commitment to the community.
The quality of a judge does not, and should not, depend on the amount of judicial compensation or how closely it matches the extravagant earnings of attorneys at elite law firms.
Public-interest lawyers earn one-third to one-half of what judges do. We also have kids to support and send to colle-ge, but we manage to do it. Even so, our take-home pay is typically higher than an average American’s, for whi-ch we are grateful.
I am firmly convinced that judges, who receive modera-te pay, are more likely to understand the problems of day-to-day life of most Ame-ricans than those in salary brackets far beyond the dre-ams of their compatriots.
JAMES C. HARRINGTON
Director, Texas civil rights Project
Austin, Tex., July 5, 2011
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • NEW YORK • 10/7/2011
A Vigorous Prosecution of Strauss-Kahn Is Urged
By NOAH ROSENBERG
As the sexual assault case against Dominique Strauss-Kahn teetered on the brink of collapse, several supporters of his accuser gathered in Harlem on Sunday to urge the Manhattan district attor-ney, Cyrus R. Vance Jr., to pursue the case “vigorously.”
“Today is a very important day because it is a time for us to guarantee that justice is done,” said State Senator Bill Perkins, a Democrat, who was joined at an afternoon news conference by other politicians and members of
various advocacy organizati-ons.
Several speakers, including Assemblyman Eric A. Ste-venson, a Bronx Democrat, joined Mr. Perkins in a pas-sionate defense of the accu-ser, a housekeeper at the So-fitel New York who said she was attacked there by Mr. Strauss-Kahn.
The speakers also condem-ned the news media for fur-thering what they described as a calculated effort to dis-credit the woman, an immi-grant from Guinea.
Mr. Vance is said to be con-sidering dismissing the char-ges against Mr. Strauss-Kahn, the former managing director of the International Monetary Fund, when the case is taken up again in Ma-nhattan Supreme Court next Monday. The case faltered when prosecutors discovered the woman had lied about her immigration, her experiences in her homeland and her fi-nances.
At the news conference, the housekeeper’s supporters exhorted prosecutors to focus on the evidence, rather than the woman’s past.
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Last week, Mr. Perkins sent a letter conveying similar sen-timents to Mr. Vance; he said Sunday that he had not recei-ved a response.
In the letter, Mr. Perkins wrote: “To preserve the prin-ciple of due process, the decision to bring charges should be decided on its me-rits, not the character of the victim or the victimizer. If anything less than due pro-cess is delivered in this case, then justice will have been unduly denied.”
Asked if race had played a part in the weakening of the case against Mr. Strauss-
Kahn, Mr. Perkins said: “This is a very powerful whi-te man; this is a very poor African woman. For us to ignore race would not really be looking at reality.”
Mr. Perkins, who represents northern Manhattan, gestured to the people around him — including a man in a cowboy hat, a woman in traditional African dress, and the current Miss Guinea U.S.A. — cal-ling them “a microcosm, relatively speaking, of the outcry that’s in the commu-nity.”
Mr. Perkins said he hoped the vocal support of this coa-
lition would mobilize other supporters.
A lawyer for Mr. Strauss-Kahn, William W. Taylor III, said: “It’s fine to have a ral-ly, but this woman lied in the grand jury. But the question isn’t whether she has politi-cal support or is a good per-son. No number of rallies is going to change the facts.”
Asked about the letter from Mr. Perkins, Erin M. Dug-gan, a spokeswoman for Mr. Vance said, “The investigati-on is continuing and no deci-sions have been made.”
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • ABC COLOR (PY) • POLÍTICA • 10/7/2011
Abogados agremiados se unen contra el rekutu del Presidente Realizaron una “firmata” en el Palacio de Justicia Adherentes del Colegio de Abogados del Paraguay (CAP), a través de la organi-zación “Defensores de la Constitución”, recolectaron firmas en los pasillos del Palacio de Justicia para evitar que se modifique la Consti-tución Nacional, vía enmi-enda. El rekutu está promo-vido por el oficialismo, en-cabezado por los senadores Sixto Pereira y Carlos Filiz-zola para permitir al presi-dente Fernando Lugo buscar su reelección en el 2013. Esta campaña de oposición es ante el planteamiento que realiza el Frente Guasu, que aglutina a los partidos y mo-vimientos de izquierda.
Los integrantes de “Defenso-res de la Constitución” ase-guran proteger la Carta Mag-na y quien mejor que los a-bogados para defenderla, indicaron los letrados de tri-bunales. La campaña se ini-ció hace dos semanas y, se-gún los datos de los promoto-res están recorriendo todo el país con la carpeta. Los impulsores del pedido de oposición indicaron que se realiza de forma espontánea y sostienen que van a presen-tar al Parlamento el requeri-miento para que se rechace la solicitud de enmienda del Art. 229 de la Carta Magna, que realiza el Frente Guasu, para obtener la reelección indefinida.
La agrupación “Defensores de la Constitución” está con-formada por simpatizantes de los partidos Colorado, Libe-ral Radical Auténtico, Patria Querida, por las organizacio-nes sociales y políticas que postulan ideales republica-nos, explicó la abogada Ma-ría Teresa Peralta. En Palma La agrupación que integra afiliados colorados, liberales, patriaqueridistas y oviedistas estuvieron ayer sobre la calle Palma con sus carpetas de firmas. Varios automovilistas y peatones se acercaron a los promotores para estampar sus firmas contra la modifi-cación de la Constitución Nacional vía enmienda.
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El grupo multipartidario también presentarán al con-
greso el pedido de rechazo de la enmienda.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • ABC COLOR (PY) • POLÍTICA • 10/7/2011
Llano aprovecha el 124º aniversario liberal para dar la espalda a enmi-enda El PLRA cumple hoy 124 años en un ambiente de fuertes divisiones internas. Los llanistas aprovecharán este aniversario para anun-ciar su intención de refor-mar la Constitución... pero en el 2013, con lo que se pondrá punto final al pro-yecto de reelección de Lu-go, ya rechazado también por la ANR. Llano convocó a los liberales para dar a conocer hoy una postura que “cambiará la cara al partido”. El titular del PLRA, Blas Llano, será el orador central del acto a realizarse hoy al costado del Panteón de los Héroes. El líder liberal hará un anuncio histórico, según los dirigentes llanistas. “Ha-brá un antes y un después en la vida del partido en este 124º aniversario, dijo el titu-lar del Directorio partidario. El oficialismo liberal ya a-nunció que durante el acto se dará a conocer el plan de reforma constitucional que impulsará el PLRA para el 2013. Con esto darán punto final a la discusión sobre si
se apoya o no la enmienda de la Carta Magna para legalizar la figura de la reelección de Fernando Lugo, impulsada por el Frente Guasu (concer-tación de agrupaciones de izquierda). “Vamos a proponer la re-forma constitucional para poder incluir la reelección presidencial, además de otros puntos. Entendemos que la enmienda no es el camino legal para el tema de dar un periodo más a los que acce-den a la Presidencia de la República”, explicó el go-bernador de Cordillera, Pedro Milciades Duré, uno de los proyectistas. Aparte de incluir la figura de la reelección, los liberales propondrán varias reformas como el balotaje (segunda vuelta electoral), y un nuevo proceso de elección de los magistrados judiciales, ade-más de la eliminación de la senaduría vitalicia. Con esta posición, Blas Llano intenta-rá mejorar su imagen interna, muy deteriorada por la postu-ra titubeante ante la intención de mantener a Lugo en el poder después del 2013. La
situación empeoró cuando la ANR rechazó el proyecto y el PLRA se mantenía en si-lencio. Un partido dividido El aniversario 124 del PLRA encuentra a un partido divi-dido y en crisis. Las dos principales fuerzas, una lide-rada por Llano (Equipo Jo-ven) y otra por Efraín Alegre (Frente de Integración Libe-ral) se embarcaron en una guerra de desprestigio, con miras al 2013. El conflicto empeoró con el anunció de la izquierda de intentar reelegir a Lugo, previa enmienda constitucional. Mientras los dirigentes del PLRA, y en especial Alegre, repudiaron tal iniciativa, Llano se calló. Este silencio cayó bien en el entorno presidencial, mien-tras en carpas liberales la postura titubeante generó enojos. Blas aprovechó el buen momento con Lugo y operó con ayuda de los socia-listas para que su rival sea destituido de Obras Públicas. El Presidente cedió a las pre-siones y sacó a Alegre.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • ABC COLOR (PY) • OPINIÓN • 10/7/2011
Sudán del Sur y la válida desunión por Eduardo Quintana Sudán del Sur, independiente desde ayer y reconocido co-mo el nuevo primer Estado africano de este siglo, enfren-tará grandes desafíos que lo harán tambalear en su lucha por un buen posicionamiento internacional y bienestar de la población en una región miserable, pero rica en petró-leo. El país nace por conse-cuencia de la lucha intermi-nable con el norte, por con-flictos religiosos y étnicos, además de económicos e históricos. El Sur aportaba el 38% a la economía norsuda-nesa, que además enfrenta una aguda crisis económica y la presión externa, ya que su dictador, Omar al Bashir, tiene orden de captura, dicta-da por la Corte Penal Inter-nacional, por crímenes con-tra la humanidad. Por mucho tiempo, los sur-sudaneses fueron persegui-dos, torturados y hasta ejecu-tados por parte de las poten-cias que dominaron la región o por los gobiernos del Nor-te. Luego de la Independen-cia en 1956, del hasta ayer país más grande del conti-nente negro, el gobierno de Jartum, con mayoría musul-mana, se enfrentó al Sur, cristiano y animista, en suce-sivos conflictos, lo que deri-vó en una inestabilidad polí-tico-económica sin preceden-tes. Las guerras civiles deja-ron alrededor de 2 millones de muertos y unos 4,5 millo-nes de desplazados.
El conflicto acabó práctica-mente con toda la infraes-tructura del Sur y, ahora, los servicios básicos son obsole-tos e inservibles. Con la lle-gada de al Bashir al poder, a través de un golpe de Estado en 1989, se impone duramen-te la sharia o ley coránica, lo que derivó en una gran per-secución y muerte a los cris-tianos y sursudaneses de o-tras religiones tribales. Reci-én en 2005, con un acuerdo de paz, se interrumpió la im-posición de la sharia al Sur y se decidió la autonomía por siete años, lo que tendría que derivar en elecciones y refe-rendos. En enero de 2011 y con el sí de más del 98% de la población sursudanesa, esta región logra la indepen-dencia. La existencia de un nuevo Estado, si bien es preocupan-te para la vigencia de la liber-tad individual, en el caso sursudanés, como el kosovar en el 2008, era totalmente lógica para evitar un baño de sangre masivo y permanente. La independencia es alta-mente necesaria cuando el poder arbitrario se utiliza en contra de los individuos. La secesión, incluso, ayuda a consolidar un clima de respe-to a la propiedad y libertad. Mientras el poder inmoral del Estado esté fragmentado, será más difícil emprender acciones que atenten contra las personas. Si bien es cierto que es mejor que los Estados nacionales se disipen, es loa-
ble también que los gobier-nos tengan menos atribucio-nes para evitar daños mayo-res a la población. La primera gran tarea del gobierno sursudanés será poner en vigencia el respeto a un sistema democrático que recién está naciendo y a con-tinuación destrabar cualquier intento privado de producci-ón e industrialización petro-lera. El nuevo Ejecutivo de-berá, además, alejarse lo más posible del mercado del ura-nio y de la agricultura, si pretende que estas también sean fuentes de inversiones y crecimiento en el país. Lo más probable es que la liber-tad de credo sí sea respetada y usufructuada, incluso por los musulmanes que se encu-entren en esta nueva Repú-blica. La preocupación ahora debe-ría girar también al Norte, ya que el dictador al Bashir ha-bía asegurado que cuando el Sur concretaba su indepen-dencia, volvería la ley corá-nica a dirigir la vida de los sudaneses y con ella, la de-bacle y el terror. Es aquí cu-ando las teorías sobre la mo-ralidad del Estado quedan refutadas y la idea de que la religión ya no es un peligro. Las minorías étnicas sufrirían también el hostigamiento de la dictadura. Los Estados nacionales, si bien garantizan aparentemen-te orden y progreso a los ha-bitantes, lo que más reivindi-can es el sometimiento y el
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agrandamiento del poder para el autoritario de turno. Sudán del Sur es un ejemplo
de rebeldía a la imposición estatista. Para la vigencia de los derechos fundamentales,
otros lugares del mundo de-berán tomar su ejemplo.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • ABC COLOR (PY) • NACIONALES • 10/7/2011
PLRA descarta apoyo a reelección de Lugo El presidente del Partido Liberal Radical Auténtico, Blas Llano, oficializó este domingo su apoyo personal a la reforma constitucional que incluya la figura de la reelección pre-sidencial, entre otros puntos. El hecho descarta que el PLRA apoye la reelección de Fer-nando Lugo por la vía de la enmienda. El apoyo fue confirmado por Llano en su discurso por el 124 aniversario del PLRA.
“La gente ha querido premiar con su voto a quienes con su esfuerzo y dedicación en el ejercicio de su función han hecho algo mejor por el país. Por qué no pensar en la figu-ra de la reelección. Por eso como presidente del PLRA soy partidario de una refor-ma constitucional que nos permita avanzar y profundi-zar nuestra democracia. Co-mo políticos responsables es nuestra obligación escuchar y obrar a favor de los clamores de nuestro pueblo”, dijo Lla-no durante su discurso.
Entre las propuestas del PL-RA para la reforma consti-tucional se incluye la figura del balotage (segunda vuelta en elecciones). Otra de las propuestas incluye la propo-sición de que el Vicepresi-dente de la República sea a
su vez presidente del Con-greso.
“La gente ha visto que la figura del Vicepresidente si bien muy importante para el cumplimiento de la sucesión presidencial está desconecta-da del Congreso y de la rela-ción entre el Ejecutivo con el órgano legislativo. Por qué no pensar en un Vicepresi-dente que sea Presidente del Congreso dando estabilidad política al país”, afirmó Lla-no en el acto realizado en la tarde de este domingo al lado del Panteón de los Héroes.
ALIANZA DE LA NUEVA MAYORÍA DEL PARA-GUAY
Llano también indicó que el PLRA está comprometido en la conformación de una “Ali-anza de la Nueva Mayoría del Paraguay”, que congre-gue a “muchos sectores polí-ticos, incluso a los que no acompañaron el proceso ini-ciado en el 2008”.
“Estamos seguros que el in-terpretar los sentimientos de la gente en el Paraguay nos compromete a relanzar y potenciar la Alianza de la Nueva Mayoría del Paraguay que nos permita continuar este proceso de cambio inici-ado en el año 2008 y llevar a un liberal a la presidencia de la República del Paraguay en el 2013”, manifestó el titular liberal.
“Creemos en un PLRA ga-rante del proceso de cambio, creemos en un PLRA que está abierto y no teme discu-tir con todos los sectores que conforman hoy la mayoría del cambio en el Paraguay. Por esta realidad de hoy es que nos atrevemos a soñar y soñamos bien despiertos y eso nos deja seguros que el cambio en nuestro país va a seguir su profundización en el 2013”, concluyó diciendo Llano.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • ABC COLOR (PY) • LOCALES • 10/7/2011
Técnicos cuestionan proyecto que fija plazos para “estudio ambiental” Técnicos y miembros de ONG criticaron el proyecto de modificación de la Ley 294/93, de impacto ambien-tal. Los senadores proponen fijar plazos legales para que la Seam se expida sobre la necesidad de que las inver-siones tengan o no estudio ambiental. La Seam tarda hasta ocho meses para expe-dirse por falta de más fun-cionarios, se informó. El viernes pasado se llevó a cabo una audiencia pública en el Parlamento nacional con relación al proyecto para modificar la Ley 294/93 pre-sentado por el senador Carlos Roger Caballero Fiorio, del Unace. El objetivo es elimi-nar la gran burocracia que existe en la Secretaría de Medio Ambiente (Seam) en cuanto a la aprobación de los estudios de impacto ambien-tal para realizar todo tipo de emprendimientos privados y públicos. El senador Caballero dijo que la ley no se cumple, en gran medida, por culpa de la buro-cracia que existe en la SE-AM. Precisó que las empre-sas privadas deben cumplir la Ley 294/93 a fin de obtener
créditos y garantías, subsidi-os y excepciones tributarias. Manifestó que esta instituci-ón debe ser más expeditiva para que inversionistas pue-dan cumplir la normativa ambiental, de lo contrario solo perjudica a nuestro país porque se traban las inver-siones productivas. “El objeto del proyecto de ley es dar a los inversores una previsibilidad, tanto ad-ministrativa como financiera, para los proyectos sin des-cuidar el aspecto ambiental y social, que es el punto central de mayor interés. En la Ley 294/93 no se previeron as-pectos tan básicos y funda-mentales, como procedimien-to básico de evaluación de proyecto ambiental y validez de la licencia ambiental”, señaló Caballero. El senador dijo que existe un “vacío legal” en cuanto a procedimiento de la renova-ción de la licencia ambiental, ya que no está previsto en el decreto que reglamenta la Ley 294/93. El titular de la Seam, Oscar Rivas, dijo que el estudio de impacto ambiental es más que un proceso burocrático,
un trámite administrativo, ya que el desarrollo debe garan-tizar el patrimonio ambiental del país. El Ing. Ulises Lovera, direc-tor de control ambiental del ente, dijo que el proyecto alternativo, presentado con-juntamente con la Conader-na, establece un glosario de términos y conceptos sobre medio ambiente, pues no está fijado en la Ley 294/93. Esto siempre ha generado confu-sión a la hora de aplicar la norma, ya que tampoco es claro en el decreto que re-glamenta la ley. El proyecto de la comisión de Legislaci-ón otorga facultades a todos los proponentes, de un plan de inversión, para que recur-ran a la justicia en caso de que la Seam no se expida en un plazo determinado (a de-finirse). Lovera dijo que esto no ayudará a los inversores, ya que, de todos modos, per-derán tiempo en el Poder Judicial para obtener licen-cia ambiental. La redacción alternativa señala que si la Seam no se expide, finiquita-do el plazo, significa la nece-sidad de un estudio.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • ABC COLOR (PY) • INTERNACIONALES • 10/7/2011
El Gobierno de Ecuador impulsa ley antimonopolio QUITO (AFP). El Gobierno ecuatoriano presentará al Congreso una ley contra los monopolios, anunció ayer sábado el presidente Rafael Correa, quien señaló que con ello se busca evitar distorsio-nes como la especulación. “Este es un cambio histórico, esta es la ley que permitirá regular a los monopolios y a la concentración de la activi-dad económica del mercado”, dijo el Mandatario en su in-forme semanal de labores. Correa no precisó cuándo enviará el proyecto a la A-samblea Nacional –de mayo-ría oficialista–, pero anticipó que tendrá carácter “urgente” para que haya celeridad en su trámite.
Asimismo, previó una fuerte oposición del sector privado, especialmente de la banca, a la que acusó de haber blo-queado otras iniciativas simi-lares planteadas en otro mo-mento por su gobierno. “Ha habido nueve intentos de pasar esta ley y siempre ha sido bloqueada por los pode-res fácticos, por las cámaras de la producción, por los bancos, por esas argollas que no tienen ningún control”, sostuvo el Presidente. El gobernante destacó que Ecuador, Bolivia y Paraguay son los únicos países de la región que no cuentan con legislaciones antimonopolio, aunque anotó que estos dos últimos aplican la normativa de bloques regionales como
la Comunidad Andina de Naciones (CAN). La ley servirá “para evitar que un monopolio nos alce los precios indiscriminada-mente”, que algunos sectores “tengan políticas monopóli-cas que atenten contra la li-bertad del ciudadano”, afir-mó Rafael Correa. Un referendo que fue votado el pasado 7 de mayo por ini-ciativa del Mandatario prohi-bió que los bancos y los me-dios de comunicación tengan inversiones fuera de su ámbi-to. La Constitución de 2008, que fuera impulsada por el propio presidente Correa, ya había prohibido a los bancos poseer medios de prensa.
STF • PROCURADORIA GERAL • ABC COLOR (PY) • INTERNACIONALES • 10/7/2011
La democracia estuvo amenazada en Brasil, afirma procurador general El procurador general de la República, Roberto Gurgel, afirmó que la democracia estu-vo “amenazada” con la red de supuestos sobornos montada por el Partido de los Traba-jadores (PT) y descubierta en 2005, lo que puso en su momento en jaque al gobierno del entonces presidente Luiz Lula da Silva. SÃO PAULO (ANSA). Ro-berto Gurgel hizo la afirma-ción al elevar al Supremo Tribunal Federal la acusa-ción formal de la Fiscalía General del país contra 37 personas y dos bancos, inclu-ido a quien considera el “jefe de la banda que sobornó a parlamentarios aliados”, José
Dirceu, ex jefe de ministros de Lula y referencia histórica del PT. El fallo sobre el caso conoci-do como “mensalao” se pro-dujo en medio de un escán-dalo de corrupción por so-breprecios y supuestos so-bornos en el Ministerio de Transportes, donde renunció
el miércoles su titular, Alfre-do Nascimento, jefe del Par-tido de la República (PR), protagonista por el episodio de 2005, ya que admite que usó dinero ilegal para sus campañas electorales. El procurador, al enviar la acusación a la máxima Corte, advirtió en su fallo conocido
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ayer que “en momentos en que la conciencia del repre-sentante electo por el pueblo es corrompida por recibir dinero, la base del régimen democrático está irremedia-blemente amenazada”. Gurgel sostuvo que el mensa-lao tuvo origen en desvío de dinero público a dos bancos de Minas Gerais, donde un publicista llamado Marcos Valerio fue el encargado de repasar dinero al PT, cuya cúpula hasta 2005 lo distri-buyó a partidos aliados. Fue-ron, según Gurgel, 75 millo-nes de reales (48 millones de dólares al cambio actual).
Para el procurador, fueron “sobornos” comandados por Dirceu, quien sostuvo que no existen “pruebas o testimoni-os” en su contra y que es víctima de una “fusión de intereses conservadores que atentan contra el proyecto del PT y la transformación social que representa para Brasil”. Según el diario O Globo, uno de los afectados por la deci-sión de Gurgel, jefe de los fiscales confirmado por dos años más esta semana por la presidenta Dilma Rousseff, es Lula, el líder máximo del PT y de la coalición del actu-al gobierno.
“Se cae la hipótesis de Lula, que decía que el mensalao era una obra de ficción para perjudicar a su gobierno”, dijo el jefe del bloque de diputados del opositor Parti-do de la Social Democracia Brasileña (PSDB). Lula no quiso pronunciarse sobre el caso. “El ex presi-dente está interesado en tra-bajar para el desarrollo social del país, en la nueva clase media formada en su gobier-no”, dijo un portavoz del ex mandatario (2003-2010).
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • ABC COLOR (PY) • INTERNACIONALES • 10/7/2011
Berlusconi debe pagar 560 millones de euros El premier italiano Silvio Berlusconi fue condenado a indemnizar por 560 millones de euros a las Compañías Industriales Reunidas (CIR), del empresario Carlo De Benedetti, a raíz de sobornos pagos por el grupo Fininvest, de su propiedad, para hacerse del con-trol de la editorial Mondadori. MILAN (ANSA). El grupo Fininvest, propiedad del jefe de gobierno italiano, deberá pagar la indemnización por quitarle a CIR en 1991 el control de la editorial Mon-dadori a través de la corrup-ción de un juez y abogados. Los jueces del tribunal de Milán redujeron de un cuarto la sanción pronunciada en primera instancia en octubre de 2009, que condenaba a Fininvest a pagar 750 millo-nes de euros al empresario De Benedetti.
La condena compensa así al grupo CIR por una decisión judicial que permitió en 1991 a Berlusconi hacerse fraudu-lentamente del mayor grupo editorial del país. De Bene-detti tuvo que conformarse con el semanario L’Espresso y el diario de izquierda La Repubblica, muy crítico a Berlusconi. El premier intentó por todos los medios esta semana evitar esta sentencia introduciendo en un plan de austeridad una norma que modifica el códi-
go de procedimiento civil, que suspende las sanciones superiores a 20 millones de euros en apelación hasta que se pronuncie la Corte de Ca-sación (Suprema Corte de Justicia). La medida provocó duras reacciones, ante lo cual Ber-lusconi dio marcha atrás y retiró el proyecto. Fininvest, el imperio econó-mico propiedad de Berlusco-ni, está valorado en 2.500 millones de euros.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • ABC COLOR (PY) • INTERNACIONALES • 10/7/2011
Sudán del Sur, sumido en miseria, proclamó ayer su independencia Sudán del Sur se proclamó ayer oficialmente independiente, separándose del norte tras cinco décadas de conflictos que lo sumieron en una miseria de la que espera salir graci-as a sus reservas petroleras. La comunidad internacional reconoció rápidamente a este nuevo país. JUBA (AFP). La comunidad internacional, con Estados Unidos, China, Rusia y la Unión Europea a la cabeza, reconoció inmediatamente a este nuevo país africano que figura entre los más pobres del mundo, pese a sus vastas reservas petroleras, indican-do su apoyo. Fue el jefe del Parlamento de Sudán del Sur, James Wanni Igga, quien leyó la “declara-ción de independencia de Sudán del Sur” ante decenas de miles de habitantes eufó-ricos. Luego, se izó la bande-ra del nuevo Estado, el 54º de África. Salva Kiir juró como primer presidente del país y firmó la Constitución transitoria, comprometiéndose a “favo-recer el desarrollo y el bie-nestar del pueblo”. “Un día feliz como este no debe verse empañado por los malos recuerdos, pero es importante recordar que esta
tierra ha sufrido durante vari-as generaciones(...) debemos perdonar, aun cuando no olvidaremos”, dijo Kiir. “¡Jamás nos someteremos, jamás!”, corearon miles de compatriotas suyos. El presidente sudanés, Omar al Bashir, acudió como invi-tado de honor. Este mandatario es objeto de una orden de arresto de la Corte Penal Internacional por genocidio y crímenes contra la humanidad en Dar-fur, una región del oeste de Sudán donde sigue librándo-se una guerra civil. En su discurso, Al Bashir afirmó por su parte que el éxito de la nueva república de Sudán del Sur sería i-gualmente un éxito para Jar-tum. Jartum había reconocido el viernes la República de Su-dán del Sur, cuya indepen-dencia fue oficialmente pro-clamada ayer.
Bashir llamó igualmente a la paz y a relaciones fraternales entre el sur y el norte, tras décadas de conflicto: “Es nuestra responsabilidad co-mún construir (una relación) de confianza” para zanjar las “cuestiones en suspenso”, dijo. Cuestiones claves como el reparto de las riquezas petro-leras y el controvertido esta-tuto de las provincias fronte-rizas deben ser aún solucio-nadas entre ambos países. El presidente estadounidense, Barack Obama, anunció poco después que Washington reconoce for-malmente a Sudán del Sur “como Estado soberano e independiente”. La procla-mación de la independencia tuvo como testigos a nume-rosos líderes mundiales, entre ellos el secretario general de la ONU, Ban Ki-moon.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • ABC COLOR (PY) • INTERIOR • 10/7/2011
Rechazan fallo de jueza a favor de una cantera de San Juan del Paraná Miembros de la Junta Municipal de San Juan del Paraná y pobladores se movilizaron en rechazo de una resolución de la jueza Francisca Aquino. Mediante el fallo, la magistra-da permite el funcionamiento de una cantera de piedras con licencia ambiental vencida, sostuvieron. La magistrada violó la autonomía municipal, denunciaron los concejales. SAN JUAN DEL PARANÁ, Itapúa (de nuestra redacción regional). El presidente de la Junta Municipal local, Ro-berto Velázquez (independi-ente), sostuvo que la medida de protesta es por el derecho y la autonomía de los muni-cipios y el por el respeto a las leyes ambientales. El edil cuestionó la resoluci-ón de la jueza Francisca A-quino, quien interina el Juz-gado en lo Civil del cuarto turno de la tercera circuns-cripción judicial de la Repú-blica, con asiento en Encar-nación. La magistrada ordenó a la Municipalidad levantar una suspensión de activida-des a la empresa trituradora de piedras La Roca SRL, presentada por el abogado Fredy Ortega Ullón. La jueza hizo lugar a una medida cautelar presentada por Ortega Ullón. “El martes vamos a presentar una denuncia contra la jueza ante la Superintendencia de la Corte Suprema de Justi-cia porque dictó una resolu-ción sin haber leído el expe-diente, o sin entender sobre legislación ambiental. Hizo lugar a una medida cautelar fundando su decisión en un
estudio de impacto ambiental vencido”, señaló el concejal González. La empresa presentó un estu-dio de impacto ambiental que data del año 2000, que ya está vencido y, por ende, ya no tiene validez. Existe una resolución de la Secretaría del Ambiente (Seam) del año 2005 por la cual se cancelan todas las licencias ambienta-les de los proyectos que no fueron renovadas. En este caso, la empresa presentó una licencia del año 2000 y pidió su renovación, pero sin cumplir con el requisito de hacer un nuevo estudio de impacto ambiental y en con-secuencia está desfasado en el tiempo, acotó Velázquez. El representante comunal señaló que este fue el argu-mento de la Municipalidad para no otorgar el permiso correspondiente a la empresa La Rosa SRL, “pero por una orden judicial se pasa por encima de la autonomía mu-nicipal. Entonces para qué están las normas, para qué tenemos medidas de protec-ción si luego, con una medi-da cautelar, se va a estar vio-lentando las normativas”, se quejó.
Lo más grave de todo esto es el hecho de que aquí está en juego la salud humana. Este tipo de empresas provocan una alta contaminación am-biental con polvo de roca, que está probado es cancerí-geno, dijo el edil. La empresa solicitó por nota un nuevo permiso de habili-tación a la Seam, anexando un estudio de impacto ambi-ental del 2000. Pese a que no tuvo la autorización, continúa operando, explicó. Tranquila Por su parte, la jueza Fran-cisca Aquino señaló que los ediles tienen todos los recur-sos para accionar cuando creen que una resolución les parece agraviante. “Yo estoy muy segura de mi actuación. Cuando le había solicitado a la Municipalidad un informe pormenorizado de por qué no otorgaban a la empresa el permiso para ope-rar, me remitieron un infor-me escueto, sin justificación. Están dados los trámites de que esta gente (la empresa) hizo lo que corresponde, por lo que amerita que se le otor-gue la medida cautelar”, sos-tuvo.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • SÜDDEUTSCHE ZEITUNG (BL) • POLITIK • 10/7/2011 • 06:45:00
Debattenbeitrag zum Panzerdeal mit Saudi-Arabien: Verkaufsschlager "Leo" - welche Werbung für Deutschland! Welche Gründe mögen Deutschland bewegen, ange-sichts des "Arabischen Frü-hlings" Panzer an die herbs-tlichen Autokraten Saudi-Arabiens liefern zu wollen? "Made in Germany" auf in Städten einsetzbaren "Leos" senden ein fatales Signal - und widersprechen der von der Kanzlerin postulieren "historischen europäischen Verpflichtung", den Mens-chen, die für Freiheit auf die Straße gehen, beizustehen. Ende Mai diesen Jahres äußerte die Bundeskanzlerin in einer Regierungserklärung im Bundestag, es sei "eine historische europäische Verpflichtung", den Mens-chen, die in Nordafrika und Teilen der arabischen Welt für Freiheit und Menschen-rechte auf die Straße gingen, zur Seite zu stehen. Dies ges-chah im Lichte des G8-Gipfels von Deauville, als die Staats- und Regierungs-chefs der führenden Industri-enationen ein Hilfspaket für diejenigen arabischen Länder beschlossen, deren Bürger sich gegen vom Westen ges-tützte Führer auflehnten, während letztere ihre Bevölkerungen jahrzehnte-lang unterdrückt hatten. Sollten in diesem Kontext Panzer nach Saudi-Arabien verkauft werden? Wie verträgt sich dies mit der von der Kanzlerin ins Feld gefü-hrten "historischen Verpfli-chtung"? Die innerdeutsche
Debatte konzentriert sich dabei derzeit auf einen hier-zulande zentralen Aspekt: Ist die Geheimhaltung, die der Bundessicherheitsrat geltend macht und mit der er dem Bürger eine öffentliche Be-gründung für seine Entschei-dung verweigert, angemes-sen? Oder sollte nicht das Parlament in einer solch hei-klen Frage informiert werden und offen debattieren können? Für die Breitenwirkung deutscher Außenpolitik in der Zielregion solcher Ents-cheidungen aber, nämlich für die Gesellschaften in der arabischen Welt, ist es völlig unerheblich, ob die Debatte über den Verkauf geheim bleibt oder öffentlich geführt wird. Was dort zählt ist, dass aus Deutschland offensichtli-che und militärische Unters-tützung für die in den arabis-chen Gesellschaften so ve-rhassten gerontokratischen und autoritären Herrscher kommt, deren Militär bekanntermaßen vorrangig im Innern zur Stützung dikta-torischer Herrschaft Verwen-dung findet. Darin liegt eine Kontinuität deutscher, europäischer und US-amerikanischer Außenpolitik gegenüber dem Nahen Osten: Diese beruhte bislang auf der irrigen Prämisse, politische Stabilität sei durch die Stützung autoritärer Regime zu erzie-len, die dem Westen wohl-
gewogen seien. Das Gegente-il ist der Fall: Wo latente Konflikte zwischen Staat und Gesellschaft über lange Zeiträume aufgestaut wur-den, sehen wir als Resultat dieser westlichen Priorisie-rung "politischer Stabilität" heute eben nicht mehr Stabilität, Frieden und Wo-hlstand, sondern Erosion von Staatlichkeit in drei neuen Fällen (Syrien, Libyen und mittelfristig wohl auch in Bahrain) jenseits bereits hinlänglich bekannten Brennpunkte Libanon, Irak, Jemen und Palästina, sowie ausufernde Korruption und einen eklatanten Mangel an nachhaltiger Entwicklung trotz jahrzehntelanger massi-ver Unterstützung wirtschaf-tlicher Reformen. Die Ursachen sind dabei ni-cht primär technischer oder ökonomischer Natur und liegen auch nicht am vorhan-denen Mangel an adäquaten Bildungsniveaus in dieser Region. Sie sind genuin poli-tischer Art. Und während sich die ägyptische Militärführung wieder konso-lidiert und überlegt, wie un-ter ihrer Führung eine Fassa-de von politischem Prozess so organisiert werden könnte, dass dies für westliche Part-ner akzeptabel sei, schreitet die Bundesregierung stramm voraus und verkündet, zwei-hundert Leopard 2A7+ an das diktatorische Regime
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Saudi-Arabiens liefern zu wollen. Saudi-Arabien hat eine so genannte "Sicherheitspart-nerschaft" mit Deutschland, deren Effekt etwa sichtbar wurde, als die Al-Qaida-Gruppe der arabischen Hal-binsel eine Bombe per Paket über Deutschland und Großbritannien in die USA
versenden wollte. Das konnte mithilfe von Informationen aus Saudi-Arabien erfolgrei-ch verhindert werden konnte. Andererseits zählt Saudi-Arabien nach allen gängigen Indikatoren neben Nordkore-a, Libyen, Syrien oder Myanmar zu den weltweit undemokratischsten Regi-men. Die extrem-
dogmatische wahhabitische Variante des Islam erzeugt erhebliche Spannungen im Innern und schafft, in Kom-bination mit der kaum verho-hlenen Zur-Schau-Stellung des Reichtums einer Prin-zenschicht Unmut und Zorn bei der Bevölkerung.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL UNIVERSAL • INTERNACIONAL • 10/7/2011
Reconocen a Sudán del Sur como un república libre
El país tiene reservas petroleras en sus casi 600.000 km2 de extensión EL UNIVERSAL
Juba.- Sudán del Sur se pro-clamó ayer oficialmente in-dependiente, separándose del norte tras cinco décadas de conflictos que lo sumieron en una miseria de la que espera salir gracias a sus reservas petroleras. La comunidad internacional, con Estados Unidos, China, Rusia y la Unión Europea a la cabeza, reconoció rápidamente a este nuevo país africano que figu-ra entre los más pobres del mundo, pese a sus vastas reservas petroleras, asegu-rando que lo apoyarán, des-tacó AFP.
Fue el jefe del Parlamento de Sudán del Sur, James Wanni Igga, quien leyó la "declara-ción de independencia de Sudán del Sur" ante decenas de miles de habitantes eufó-ricos. Poco después fue izada
la bandera del nuevo Estado, el 54º de África.
Salva Kiir juró como primer presidente de Sudán del Sur y firmó la Constitución tran-sitoria, comprometiéndose a "favorecer el desarrollo y el bienestar del pueblo".
"Un día feliz como este no debe verse empañado por los malos recuerdos, pero es importante recordar que esta tierra ha sufrido durante vari-as generaciones... Debemos perdonar, aun cuando no olvidaremos", afirmó Kiir en su discurso.
"¡Jamás nos someteremos, jamás!", corearon miles de compatriotas suyos.
El presidente sudanés, Omar Hassan al Bashir, acudió como invitado de honor.
En su discurso, Al Bashir afirmó por su parte que el éxito de la nueva república de Sudán del Sur sería i-gualmente un éxito para Jar-tum.
La proclamación de indepen-dencia tuvo como testigos a líderes mundiales como el secretario general de Nacio-nes Unidas, Ban Ki-moon, y el presidente surafricano Ja-cob Zuma.
Sudán del Sur, de casi 590.000 km cuadrados y 8,5 millones de habitantes, am-putará a Sudán cerca del 24% de su territorio, del 20% de su población y parte de su riqueza petrolera.
Será el país 193 en ser acep-tado como miembro de la ONU.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL UNIVERSAL • INTERNACIONAL • 10/7/2011
Transición en Egipto corre el riesgo de quedarse estancada
La población reclama a los militares que lleve a cabo el traspaso del poder LEDA PIÑERO
El proceso de transición en Egipto, que se inició el 11 de febrero pasado con la caída del presidente Hosni Muba-rak, afronta el reto de propi-ciar las condiciones necesari-as para que el país árabe no-rafricano se encamine hacia el proyecto político y social que la población, sin vacila-ción alguna, ha pedido a gri-tos. Cinco meses después del derrocamiento de Mubarak, las tensiones persisten ante la percepción de que las refor-mas no se están llevando con el ritmo deseado y de que el anhelado traspaso del poder a un gobierno civil, salido de elecciones libres y populares, tiene cada vez mayores obs-táculos.
Estancamiento
La cairota plaza Tahrir sigue siendo escenario de multitu-dinarias manifestaciones. Luego que la "primavera árabe" diera sus primeros frutos, los egipcios están preocupados porque el Con-sejo Supremo de las Fuerzas Armadas, órgano que tomó el poder tras las revueltas de finales de enero y principios de febrero pasado, no está ejecutando la llamada "hoja de ruta" delineada para la construcción de la democra-cia.
Ello está contribuyendo a que se conforme un escenario en el que pareciera que la revo-lución está estancada, mien-tras siguen insatisfechas las demandas económicas y so-ciales de la población.
"La clave está en que cuánto más tiempo el poder se con-centre en manos de un Con-sejo Supremo de Fuerzas Armadas que no ha sido ele-gido por nadie, más difíciles pueden ser las siguientes etapas de la transición", dijo Haizam Amirah Fernández, investigador principal para el Mundo Árabe del Real Insti-tuto Elcano de Madrid.
Los egipcios exigen a las Fuerzas Armadas que se lle-ven a cabo, cuanto antes, las elecciones legislativas, presi-denciales y la redacción de una nueva Constitución. Pero, esto pasa por la supera-ción de las divergencias sur-gidas en el seno del poder político y religioso.
"El reto está en que las fuer-zas políticas y sociales pue-dan encontrar acuerdos, mí-nimos, pero acuerdos de compromiso para fijar las nuevas reglas del juego", sostuvo el investigador Ami-rah Fernández.
El pasado mes de marzo, los egipcios aprobaron, en refe-rendo popular, un conjunto de enmiendas constituciona-
les que entre otros aspectos flexibilizaron las condiciones para la participación en los procesos electorales y fijaron un calendario para los comi-cios parlamentarios (septi-embre) y presidenciales (fi-nal de año).
Igualmente, se aprobó que el nuevo Parlamento que surja de los comicios, deberá con-formar un comité para la redacción de la nueva Cons-titución.
Panorama complejo
El panorama en Egipto no es tan sencillo. Durante los 30 años de gobierno de Muba-rak, la única plataforma es-tructurada de la oposición fue la de los Hermanos Musul-manes. Más allá de esta or-ganización, actualmente el espectro político está con-formado por una serie de partidos pequeños, laicos, algunos de ellos de reciente aparición. En ese contexto, los Hermanos Musulmanes son los que tienen la mejor capacidad organizativa para encarar con éxito un proceso electoral. De allí que respal-den la realización de las e-lecciones parlamentarias en septiembre.
Por su parte, los partidos laicos abogan por retrasar las elecciones, porque creen que de esa forma se le da la opor-tunidad de organizarse a las
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nuevas agrupaciones políti-cas que están surgiendo.
Unidad ante todo
En un intento por tener una unidad nacional, 13 partidos anunciaron recientemente una alianza para presentar una lista unificada en las elecciones y formar un gobi-erno unitario.
"Los egipcios pidieron ante los ojos de todo el mundo un sistema de buen gobierno que no existía en su país, con separación de poderes, y me-canismos de control", indicó Amirah Fernández.
Muchos egipcios, al igual que la población de otros países árabes, carecen de las perspectivas de tener un buen
empleo y una autonomía e-conómica.
Por otra parte, estudios han arrojado un auge del fervor religioso en la población ára-be más joven en los últimos años.
Si bien es cierto que el temor a que un gobierno de corte islamita llegue al poder está latente, también lo es el he-cho que estos mismos parti-dos están experimentando transformaciones que se po-drían traducir en la posibili-dad de acceder a la gestión de asuntos públicos y de te-ner que pactar con otras fuer-zas políticas.
En cualquier caso, la "revo-lución de los Jazmines" flo-reció en Egipto y lucha por
quedarse. "Con ausencia de resultados la población egip-cia, como otras árabes, ha perdido el miedo", apuntó el investigador del Instituto madrileño.
El espíritu de la revolución que se inició el 25 de enero no ha desaparecido. Los e-gipcios no están dispuestos a perder la oportunidad de ver cristalizados los cambios. Si eso no ocurriera, quién quie-ra que se alce con el poder tendrá que lidiar con movili-zaciones sociales de cientos de jóvenes cuya edad es de 24 o 25 años en promedio y que están conectados con lo que ocurre en el resto del mundo.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL UNIVERSAL • INTERNACIONAL • 10/7/2011
Peligra candidatura de la exprimera dama de Guatemala
Torres se divorció del presidente Álvaro Colom el pasado 21 de marzo EL UNIVERSAL
Ciudad de Guatemala.- La Corte de constitucionalidad de Guatemala propinó un revés a la candidatura de la exprimera dama Sandra Tor-res, al revocar el amparo provisional que le otorgó una Corte de Apelaciones y que le posibilitaba continuar con
su inscripción a los comicios presidenciales. "Utilizaremos los recursos legales que estén a nuestro alcance para que los derechos de la candidata sean respetados", dijo Manu-el Barquín, diputado y abo-gado de Unidad Nacional de la Esperanza y Gran Alianza Nacional, aseguró AP.
Con esta decisión, Torres se volvió a quedar sin posibili-dad de ser inscrita por el Tri-bunal Supremo Electoral como candidata a presidenta en los comicios del próximo 11 de septiembre, cuando se elegirá presidente, vicepresi-dente y Congreso.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL UNIVERSAL • OPINIÓN • 10/7/2011
Súbditos y ciudadanos
La lucha por la independencia del alma venezolana continúa GUSTAVO LINARES BENZO
Doscientos años después la lucha por el alma del venezo-lano continúa, la lucha entre el proyecto ilustrado de cons-truir una república, un país de ciudadanos, y el atavismo monárquico, una nación de súbditos, ya no de los Bor-bones sino de un monarca local con el título de Presi-dente. La lucha, entre mo-dernidad y patrimonialismo, entre libertad y sumisión. Como ha demostrado Caroli-na Guerrero, el proyecto mo-derno había empezado en estas tierras inclusive en la época hispana, con Carlos III y su ministro el marqués de Floridablanca. Una suerte de súbdito ciudadano, híbrido imposible que terminó siendo solo ciudadano en el proyec-to de la independencia. Las ideas de Roscio, el gran ideó-logo de la época, son un hito de esta lucha. Bolívar contri-buyó no poco a mantener las
ideas monárquicas, basta leer el proyecto y los motivos de la Constitución de Bolivia, o la creación de una nobleza ya desde Angostura, el Senado hereditario, ideas nunca a-ceptadas de buena gana y de hecho causa de su caída polí-tica al final de su vida.
Luego de la cierta institucio-nalidad durante la hegemonía de Páez, el caudillismo no es otra cosa que una primitiva forma de monarquía, de re-yezuelos que se reparten el país devastado. Solo la impo-sición violenta de uno de ellos va dando de vez en cu-ando unidad al país, basada en el monopolio militar en un solo ejército nacional, pre-tensión que solo Cipriano Castro logra con la ayuda del benemérito general Gómez. La otra idea fuerza del Liber-tador, el ejército es el pueblo, como a su vez expone bril-lantemente el profesor Urba-neja, una especie de potencia tutora, renace una y otra vez
en nuestra historia, los mili-tares son superiores a los civiles.
El caudillo tiene que ser mili-tar. La Venezuela moderna nace con los caudillos civiles -Betancourt o Caldera- pero no se pueden calificar como tales, pues no son soldados, y además, punto esencial, son varios, su lucha por el poder es electoral y pacífica y lo-gran que las Fuerzas Arma-das se le sometan. Son cau-dillos ciudadanos, mejor, ciudadanos caudillos. La modernidad comienza a ga-narle a los realistas. El retor-no del Rey ocurrió con el milenio. La institucionalidad vuelve a reducirse a un me-tabolismo, a una Corte que no sabe bien las reglas de la regencia o de la sucesión, quizás porque sin el caudillo no hay Estado. La lucha por la independencia del alma venezolana continúa.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL UNIVERSAL • OPINIÓN • 10/7/2011
El espectáculo debe continuar
Una cosa es que nos conduela la enfermedad de Chávez y otra que pretenda convertirla en chantaje MARTA COLOMINA
Este nuevo capítulo de la telenovela oficialista ha lo-grado captar la sintonía polí-tica de la audiencia con tal intensidad que ya la masacre continuada de El Rodeo pa-rece que ocurriera en Afga-nistán". Así resume Fernando Egaña (Tal Cual 07-07-2011) la agenda que ha dominado el espectro nacional desde que el Canciller anunciase que el Presidente había sido operado en Cuba de un abs-ceso pélvico, poco después el propio Chávez oficializase en cadena que tenía cáncer, lle-gara sorpresivamente a Ve-nezuela, asomase su erguida y gesticulante humanidad en el Balcón del Pueblo durante 38 minutos y presidiera a control remoto el desfile sec-tario y estrambótico en cele-bración del Bicentenario de nuestra Independencia. Acto nutrido con funcionarios dis-frazados de rojo y carretea-dos desde todas partes del país, como los de Pdvsa, dos de los cuales murieron y va-rios resultaron heridos cuan-do el autobús que los trans-portaba desde Cabimas per-dió el control en la Lara-Zulia. El mismo desfile en el que los paracaidistas viola-ban la Constitución gritando "somos socialistas y antiim-perialistas" y rendían ver-gonzoso culto a la endiosada
personalidad de Chávez, co-mo lo hicieran días antes la presidenta del TSJ y el mi-nistro de la Defensa. La de-sinformación sobre qué tipo de cáncer padecería Chávez, en que estadio podría encon-trarse y si tal enfermedad le permitiría seguir gobernando, o ser candidato en 2012, han generado muchos rumores y dudas nacional e internacio-nalmente que indignan al propio Chávez (critica que "una minoría enloquecida dude de su enfermedad") obviando que él mismo es el culpable por no dar la infor-mación veraz y oportuna. La Conferencia Episcopal, vari-os gobernadores y la MUD han solicitado respetuosa-mente un parte médico ofici-al que informe sobre el ver-dadero estado de salud del Presidente, como hizo Para-guay, o el rey de España. Sometido a Fidel Castro ide-ológica y afectivamente, la enfermedad del venezolano se ha convertido en un miste-rio y hasta en burla de las agencias internacionales (Reuters: "En la política y la salud, el Dr. Fidel aconseja a Hugo Chávez"). Experimen-tados oncólogos han comen-tado "off de record" lo inusu-al y hasta increíble que es ver dando una arenga de pie en el Balcón del Pueblo y otra desde Miraflores, a quien había salido pocos días antes
de cuidados intensivos des-pués de dos complicadas operaciones, una de ellas para extirparle un cáncer, según confesión presidencial. Algunos explican "esa resur-rección" que sorprende a quienes esperaban verlo muy enfermo, en su pasión por el poder y en la convicción de que sin él su revolución se esfuma como esa pluma al viento a la que alude con frecuencia. Su ausencia de-mostró que ninguno de los suyos podría sustituirlo, dado el alto rechazo y el bajo nivel de aceptación popular. Que-dó claro que sin Chávez su revolución desaparece. Su-memos las pugnas internas entre militares y civiles y el chavismo sin Chávez, y ve-remos las razones de su in-tempestiva llegada, el reanu-dar su show discursivo contra el Imperio, contra los oligar-cas y a reanimar entre los rojitos la falsa idea de que su poder podrá extenderse más allá del 2021, más allá del misterioso y elusivo cáncer.
Chávez está ahora entre la espada y la pared. Porque si sigue considerando la enfer-medad como una batalla na-cional y convirtiéndola en el centro de su show mediático y discursivo (como el fallido tema de la vivienda en el que dijo jugarse el pellejo) los problemas de los restantes 27
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millones de venezolanos van a derrotarlo. Los familiares de los presos de El Rodeo gritaban "Solución" frente al Balcón del Pueblo. Chávez los vio, los ignoró y siguió hablando de "su" enferme-dad, convertida ya en epope-ya. Dice "dar su palabra de aliento a todos los que pade-cen esta enfermedad", pero cruelmente impide recibir tratamiento médico a los pre-sos políticos con cáncer. El Chávez amnistiado por el 4F no es capaz de un gesto de justicia a favor de la jueza
Afiuni y de los otros presos políticos, a pesar de la solici-tud de su admirado Noam Chomsky, ¿va a seguir ha-blando de su innominado cáncer mientras el hampa desbordada asesinó esta se-mana a dos escoltas de dos de sus rojitos connotados para robarles la moto, y a otros 40 más? ¿Va a seguir enorgulleciéndose de los tanques, helicópteros y avio-nes rusos exhibidos en el desfile Bicentenario, que costaron más de $12 mil mil-lones, mientras el INE revela
que bajó el consumo de ali-mentos entre los venezolanos más pobres?
La MUD debe eludir la a-genda presidencial y prepa-rarse para vencer en las elec-ciones de 2012. Porque una cosa es que nos conduela la enfermedad de Chávez y otra que éste pretenda convertirla en un chantaje emocional para que nos olvidemos de sus desmanes y de la urgen-cia nacional de un cambio.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL UNIVERSAL • NACIONAL Y POLÍTICA • 10/7/2011
Presentarán anteproyecto de ley de Medios Populares
Grupos alternativos de la comunicación contarán con su marco legal EL UNIVERSAL
A más tardar el 27 de julio, será introducido a la Asam-blea Nacional (AN) el ante-proyecto de ley de Medios Comunitarios y Alternativos y Comunicación Popular, reseñó AVN. El anuncio lo hizo el vicepresidente de la Comisión Permanente del Poder Popular y Medios Comunitarios y Alternativos, Julio Chávez, en un encuen-tro realizado en el estado
Nueva Esparta para debatir los alcances del texto a ser debatido.
"A finales de julio, recoge-remos las firmas para intro-ducir este importante instru-mento que dotará a la comu-nicación popular de un marco legal para fortalecer y garan-tizar la vigencia del proyecto socialista y la Revolución Bolivariana", explicó.
El parlamentario advirtió que la ley de Medios Comunita-
rios y Alternativos responde a los principios contenidos en la Carta Magna.
"Esta Ley está estrictamente apegada a la Constitución, que se refiere a la comunica-ción libre, plural y sin censu-ra, y estará en permanente revisión para adecuar regla-mentos", expresó.
El diputado aseguró que el debate que se ha dado acerca del anteproyecto, demuestra "una alta aceptación".
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL UNIVERSAL • NACIONAL Y POLÍTICA • 10/7/2011
"Sin Hugo Chávez al frente el PSUV es un barco a la deriva"
"Es importante que AD abra las puertas para apoyar a un candidato que no milite en es e partido" (...) "Yo fui adeco y cuando me dicen que no lo reconozca, respondo que sería una deslealtad negarlo", destaca.
ROBERTO GIUSTI , PA-BLO PÉREZ , GOBE
Basketbolista meritorio du-rante sus años de estudiante, Pablo Pérez dice que el de-porte le enseñó a trabajar en equipo y que, en en el mundo de la alternativa democrática, "quien se considere impres-cindible y sienta que solo puede llegar a cualquier parte (en este caso la presidencia, inferimos), está muy equivo-cado porque todod somos necesarios". Seguro, reposa-do, en un aparte de su su úl-tima visita a Caracas, con-versó con El Universal. -No sé por qué estoy pensando que en esta entrevista vas a anunciar tu precandidatura presidencial.
-Ja... ja... no. Estamos traba-jando, evaluándolo todo. La idea es no cometer locuras. Yo juego mucho con el tiem-po. Algunos dicen que debe ser ya porque se está tardan-do mucho. Pero creo que tenemos tiempo para tomar la decisión.
-Es obvio que lo estás consi-derando.
-Por supuesto. No podemos descartar ninguna opción. Yo debo darle prioridad a mis responsabilidades como go-
bernador porque son muchos los problemas. Pero por otro lado hay una realidad nacio-nal y en ese sentido agradez-co haber sido tomado en cu-enta por el electorado que me ve como opción para asumir la bandera del cambio.En el tema del partido está la aspi-ración de Manuel (Rosales), que se debe respetar y consi-derar. El tienen suficientes atributos y como candidato, en el 2006, reagrupó la alter-nativa democrática.
-Se dice que viene al país en los próximos días.
-Ojalá logre venir pronto.Si es verdad, yo estaría bien contento de tenerlo con noso-tros.
-¿Si Rosales viene, estando al frente de un primer perío-do como gobernador y siendo un hombre joven, con el futu-ro por delante, no sería apre-surada tu candidatura?
-Eso forma parte de la discu-sión. No excluimos ningún escenario. Cada decisión debemos tomarla con clari-dad y firmeza para no caer en el vacío. Esperamos el regre-so de Manuel, luego coordi-naremos la estrategia de un Nuevo Tiempo, decidimos quién será su abanderado y a
trabajar, sea él o sea yo. Lue-go buscaremos las alianzas necesarias, no sólo para ga-nar las primarias sino para afrontar el proceso electoral, con Chávez o sin él.
-¿Cómo son tus relaciones con Rosales si vemos que en el pasado eran de subalterno porque fuiste Secretario de Gobierno y ahora tienes peso político propio?
-Una relación sincera, cordi-al, sin fisuras, de amigos. Imposible negar mi relación con Manuel desde el punto de vista político y mucho menos desde el personal. Nos comunicamos, conversamos. Todo lo que conlleva tener niveles de amistad, a pesar de la distancia.
-Hay quienes enfocan la campaña desde la perspectiva generacional. Se parte de la idea y las encuestas así lo indican, de que la gente quie-re un candidato joven, sin pasado, desvinculado de lo que han denominado IV Re-pública. ¿Compartes esa te-sis?
-En lo personal no la com-parto. Aquí todos somos ne-cesarios y todos tenemos para aportar. Para ser presi-dente es necesario haber na-
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cido en el 69, en el 68, en el 70. Tener menos de 45, de 42 años y tampoco tener más de 55, 60 o 70. Así no podemos trabajar. Seríamos excluyen-tes y no democráticos. Por supuesto, los estudios de opinión son importantes a la hora de establecer lo que piensa el pueblo en ese mo-mento. Pero no podemos hacernos eco de esas exclusi-ones. En mi caso tengo 41 años. Ah, entonces Pablo sí puede. No señor.
-Eso lo dicen las encuestas.
-Hay una realidad y no po-demos nadar contra la corri-ente. Pero lo importante es convertir las primarias en una fiesta democrática, con parti-cipación de tres, cuatro o cuatro millones y medio de electores y se elija un aban-derado que asuma la respon-sabilidad de un cambio real con la participación de todos, absolutamente todos.
-Se insiste en la creación de un bloque que va más allá de la identidad ideológica, como se planteó inicialmente, en contra de Henrique Capriles. ¿Forma parte un Nuevo Ti-empo de ese frente?
-Jamás hemos estado en un frente contra alguien. En un Nuevo Tiempo actuamos en positivo. Siempre hemos respetado la Constitución y la participación. Nunca ju-gamos ni a la zancadilla ni a la puñalada trapera. Que pu-edan existir identidades ideo-lógicas con algunos partidos de la MUD es otra cosa. Pero al final somos un todo y el 13
de febrero debemos salir a hacer campaña electoral.
-Henry Ramos ha advertido que AD puede apoyar a al-guien que no sea dirigente de ese partido. ¿Cómo tomas esa seña?
-Positivamente. AD es un partido con férrea disciplina y que en boca de su secreta-rio general esté abriendo las puertas para apoyar a un no militante de AD, resulta un avance importante y una fle-xibilización de la rigidez disciplinaria.
-¿No fuiste tú adeco?
-Sí, como no. Mi papá toda-vía es adeco. El continúa allí. Yo me fui a un Nuevo Tiem-po.
-Dicen que donde hubo fuego cenizas quedan.
-Chico, tú sabes que jamás he sufrido por eso. Hay quienes me dicen que "no te pongas a decir que fuiste adeco" y yo les respondo, ¿por qué lo tengo que negar? Así mismo nadie puede negar que viene de Copei. Henrique (Capri-les) por ejemplo, fue diputa-do por Copei y eso no se puede esconder. Yo fui Se-cretario juvenil de AD en el Zulia y miembro de la Direc-ción Juvenil Nacional. En la Universidad siempre repre-senté a AD. Si lo negara sería un desleal. Antonio (Ledez-ma) también viene de allí. Eduardo y Oswaldo de Co-pei. Aquí todo el mundo tie-ne una vinculación con esos partidos. ¿No militaba el papá de Chávez en Copei?
Lo importante es comparar lo que hizo la IV República y lo que ha hecho o no este gobi-erno.
-¿Qué atributo puedes ofre-cerle al elector que no tengan tus contrincantes?
-Es un tema de convicción, estilo, discurso y acci-ón.Todos tienen sus méritos y no puedo desacreditarlos. Tal vez yo tenga algunas cosas que no tienen otros. Y viceversa. Por eso debemos complementarnos. Yo adqui-rí experiencia en un estado importante como el Zulia, desde la Alcaldía de Mara-caibo, ocho años en la gobe-nación en diversos cargos y el conocimiento, in situ, de cómo piensan los humildes. Soy un venezolano normal y corriente, de clase media, que estudió en colegio de curas, se graduó en un universidad pública, trabajó en el Poder Judicial, conoció la adminis-tración estatal y los institutos de capacitación.Hay, además, una gestión de gobierno, a pesar de las dificultades fi-nancieras, que se ha caracte-rizado por la inclusión. Sin perseguir a nadie. Y creo que el nuevo presidente debe actuar en esa misma línea.
-Esa respuesta se parece mu-cho a la que podría dar Hen-rique Capriles.
-Hay otros elementos. Dis-curso, fuerza, energía. Henri-que tiene su estilo, yo tengo el mío. En algunas cosas co-incidimos, en otras no. Pero yo lo respeto mucho y tene-mos muy buena amistad.
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-¿Cómo modifica el cuadro electoral el mal de Chávez?
-Todo depende de lo que sufre porque el PSUV perde-ría su líder y se convertiría en un barco a la deriva. ¿Tú te imaginas al PSUV sin Chá-vez de candidato? La diáspo-ra. La realidad es que el PSUV se unifica alrededor de la figura de Chávez.
-Pareciera haber ya una pelea por la sucesión.
-Al parecer. El ala militar, el ala civil, el grupo de los 80, que viene de la UCV. Los de Jaua, los de Maduro. Se dice muchas cosas y a mi no me consta. Sí estoy seguro de
que a falta de Chávez sucede lo que te dije. La dependen-cia del PSUV, en relación con él es mayor que la que pueda haber tenido otro par-tido con su líder fundador.
-¿La posibilidad de que el Presidente no sea candidato no plantea un barajo en la oposición, porque al modifi-carse el cuadro, las caracte-rísticas del candidato de opo-sición deben ser otras?
-Lo primero es darle más solidez a la MUD porque si suscribimos un acuerdo de respeto a sus decisiones na-die puede salir a decir lo con-trario. Ahora, uno no desea que alguien sufra una enfer-
medad terminal. Hay que respetar la condición huma-na. Pero esos son escenarios que lamentablemente se ma-nejan. Así, debemos mante-ner las tres P: presencia, pru-dencia y paciencia. Si el Pre-siente quiere participar y es derrotado, perfecto, Si no se presenta y se le gana, igual. Aquí no se trata de derrotar a nadie sino cambiar un gobi-erno que tiene al país resque-brajado, con cortes eléctri-cos, sin cloacas, ni agua, su-mido en la inseguridad y el desempleo. De eso es que debe hablar el Presidente y no de su dieta de frutas y de yogur.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • CLARÍN (AR) • POLÍTICA • 10/7/2011
Binner también lamentó la ruptura del acuerdo electoral con la UCR El candidato presidencial del Frente Amplio Progresista (FAP), Hermes Binner y el candidato presidencial radi-cal, Ricardo Alfonsín, se lamentan al unísono . No cierran la puerta pero las gestiones para terminar de abrirla parecen truncas. Ayer, Binner volvió a mostrar al-guna señales de arrepentimi-ento por no haber concretado un acuerdo electoral con la UCR. Además, volvió a bus-car un acercamiento con Pro-yecto Sur, el partido de Fer-nando “Pino” Solanas realice una “revisión” de su proyecto nacional para lograr la inte-gración en una sola postula-ción. " Nosotros estamos traba-jando para buscar la inte-
gración, sería sorprendente que no lo lográramos”, anali-zó Binner, quien confió en que “están dadas las condi-ciones para que en algún momento esa síntesis se pro-duzca”. Las ideas y vueltas del cineasta y el gobernador de Santa Fe no dejan lugar a las certezas. En un principio, Proyecto Sur respaldó a Bin-ner en su carrera presidencial pero ante las diferencias en el armado del proyecto nacional decidió tener una candidatura propia y allí situó a Alcira Argumedo como aspirante a la primera magistratura. Des-de Proyecto Sur consideran “imposible”, renunciar a la candidatura de Argumedo. En Santa Fe sostienen que es cuestión de tiempo y de “mi-
rar números”. El último gesto fue el de Binner, que partici-pó del cierre de campaña de Pino en la ciudad de Buenos Aires. Al ser consultado sobre el liderazgo de la presidenta Cristina Fernández en las encuestas, Binner admitió que “en momentos de bonan-za, son favorecidos los ejecu-tivos” pero advirtió que “hay necesidades que no hacen acuerdo con este avance de la construcción de un país me-jor”, dijo en declaraciones a radio Splendid. “Estamos complicados en cuanto al respeto de la Cons-titución, en la necesidad de llevar adelante un proceso productivo con trabajo de-cente, en llevar adelante lo
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que dice el artículo 14 bis”, enumeró el mandatario pro-vincial, que indicó que si bien “valoramos muchas cosas del gobierno actual, no dejamos de valorar que hay una extraordinaria oportuni-dad de seguir creciendo”. Dentro del marco de los a-cercamientos, Alfonsín mani-
festó Rosario su disconfor-midad por la falta de acuerdo con el socialismo, motivado sobre todo por el entendimi-ento bonaerense con Francis-co de Narváez, y hoy Binner se expresó de una manera similar. “ Nosotros también lo la-mentamos , pensábamos que
podíamos encontrar un acu-erdo con un sector amplio del radicalismo”, afirmó Binner, que insistió en que “podía darse un avance en las pro-puestas progresista de la UCR”, pero finalmente no se logró.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • CLARÍN (AR) • POLÍTICA • 10/7/2011
Llegan las Comunas: la gente elige a sus representantes barriales
Serán 7 por cada una de las 15 zonas. Entre todas manejarían unos $ 1.500 millones. Previstas en la Constitución porteña de 1996, con límite para arrancar en 2001, debu-tarán finalmente las Comu-nas. Con el comicio de jefe de Gobierno y legisladores, los vecinos elegirán hoy también a 105 representan-tes barriales . Serán 7 para cada una de las 15 zonas en las que fue dividida la Ciu-dad. Empezarán a trabajar en diciembre.
Las Comunas se pensaron como un mecanismo para descentralizar la adminis-tración central y que el ve-cino pueda opinar sobre el destino de su barrio. Maneja-rán un presupuesto propio: el monto, entre todas, no podrá ser superior al 5% del total del presupuesto de la Ciudad. Según calculan en el ma-crismo, esa cuenta daría hoy un promedio de 100 millones de pesos por Comuna por año.
Según establece la Constitu-ción y la ley que las regla-mentó, las Comunas se en-cargarán de arreglar ciertas calles y espacios públicos que los vecinos deberían marcar como prioritarios. Los 7 miembros de la Junta Comunal cobrarán un suel-do de más de 13.000 pesos brutos , el 60% de lo que gana un legislador. El presi-dente, encargado de la admi-nistración central de la Co-muna, tendrá un 10% de plus. Las decisiones se toma-rán por mayoría (cuatro vo-tos) por lo que son clave los resultados de hoy. Importa no sólo ganar el distrito, sino también tener la mayor can-tidad de miembros posibles en las juntas.
En cuanto a los candidatos, cuando se concibieron las Comunas muchos supusieron que sería la hora de los “ve-cinos participativos” de lle-
gar a una gestión. Sin embar-go, la confección de las bo-letas mostró otra realidad . En el kirchnerismo prevale-ció La Cámpora, en el PRO pusieron a directores de Cen-tros de Gestión y Participaci-ón y a varios peronistas. No faltaron los parientes: desde un hijo del ex ministro Car-los Corach, hasta los herede-ros de los legisladores K “Ti-to” Nenna y Juan Carlos Dante Gullo.
De todos modos, aún hay mucha incertidumbre sobre cómo funcionará este sistema inspirado en modernas ciu-dades europeas y que usará como base a los actuales CGP. La mayoría coincide en que deberán pasar varios años – y hasta varias gestio-nes – para hacer alguna eva-luación. Hoy será apenas el primer gran paso.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • CLARÍN (AR) • OPINIÓN • 10/7/2011
Rebeldías, cuando empieza la carrera Con la elección de hoy en Capital arranca un tramo político muy importante. Podría empezar a perfilarse el escenario final para las presidenciales. La campaña porteña se nacionalizó. Pero la Presidenta no intervino. En el peronismo siguen los coletazos por el armado que hizo Cristina. PorEduardo Van Der Kooy Hay suaves remolinos en el peronismo que hace pocas semanas no existían. Hay señales de disgusto en el am-plio territorio oficialista, in-cluso en kirchneristas, que ya no se ocultan como antes. Esas novedades no parecen llegar en un momento opor-tuno para Cristina Fernández. ¿Por qué razón los respin-gos? Por el modo en que la Presidenta resolvió el armado electoral para octubre. Por el modo personalista, aunque también por el fondo: hubo un relegamiento peronista y una entronización de La Cámpora. En silencio, Cristi-na urdió una trama política novedosa para apuntalar su proyecto de reelección. No queda claro aún, en cambio, si previó algunas consecuencias. La revulsión sucede cuando empieza a desarrollarse un tramo clave del proceso e-lectoral en la Argentina. La votación de hoy en Capital para elegir jefe porteño, con un anunciado balotaje –según las encuestas– el último do-mingo de este mes. En el medio asoma la elección a gobernador en Santa Fe, donde el socialismo de Her-mes Binner hace punta. Lue-go llegará el turno de Córdo-ba, sin candidato kirchnerista y las internas abiertas, simul-
táneas y obligatorias del 14 de agosto. Puede que se trate de un recorrido poco hala-gador para Cristina y su Go-bierno. Ese capítulo de un mes y medio podría permitir verifi-car, entre tantas, tres cosas. El verdadero humor social de los argentinos, ajeno aún al desafío electoral. Se advir-tió en la híbrida campaña en Capital. También, el real potencial de la Presidenta que las encuestas ubican en niveles elevados. Por último, conocer si la sobreoferta de la oposición tenderá a aco-tarse en un par de preferidos, o si ese voto seguirá disemi-nado para allanarle a Cristina el camino de la reelección. Las quejas, los reclamos y hasta algunos portazos cobra-ron intensidad. No es mone-da corriente en el peronismo resignar candidaturas. Lo hizo Carlos Verna, en La Pampa, como postulante a la gobernación. No aceptó im-posiciones de Cristina. Lo propio ocurrió con el sindica-lista Juan Carlos Schmidt, hombre cercano a Hugo Mo-yano, en Santa Fe. El deto-nante fue en esos casos la intromisión de La Cámpora. Antes se había producido la ruptura en Córdoba, por mo-tivos similares, con José Ma-nuel de la Sota. Nadie podrá negarle al peronista cordobés
su elasticidad para cualquier negociación. Pero las exigen-cias de los K colmaron su paciencia. El último desencuentro o-currió con el mandatario de Salta, Juan Manuel Urtubey. Pero en ese desencuentro confluyeron múltiples facto-res que no tuvieron relación, solamente, con la construcci-ón electoral. Afloraron viejos problemas irresueltos del Gobierno que se vienen repi-tiendo –y agravando– desde el 2005. Esos problemas tie-nen que ver con las deficien-cias en la política energéti-ca que se descubren cada vez que una ola de frío atraviesa el país. Salta produce el 18% del total del gas que consume la Argentina. Absorbe para la demanda doméstica una parte ínfima. La semana anterior Enargas dispuso de modo unilateral una fuerte baja de presión en un caño troncal que no sólo afectó a las in-dustrias de la provincia: dejó sin suministro a miles de domicilios. Urtubey recurrió a la Justicia y generó una fricción política con el gobi-erno de Cristina. El gobernador tuvo que ca-pear el enojo de los salteños y, desde hace rato, trata de moderar a los propios pro-ductores de gas. ¿Por qué motivo? El Gobierno les a-
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bona a ellos cuatro veces menos el metro cúbico del fluido respecto del que im-porta de Bolivia. La extrac-ción ocurre en la misma zona geográfica. Las industrias de Salta, como las del resto del país, padecen los cortes de gas cuando ar-recia el frío. O son pasibles de severas multas no bien consumen por encima de las pautas dictadas por Enargas. Desde hace varios años, de esas multas se hace cargo el gobierno salteño. Una com-pensación que suele desagra-dar a Julio De Vido. La política, por supuesto, siempre mete la cola. Urtu-bey tuvo una ventaja sobre algunos de sus pares. Su ree-lección como gobernador sucedió en marzo, cuando Cristina – más allá de lo que dijo– no tenía definida su candidatura ni el diseño elec-toral. Así y todo compitió contra una lista K, que contó con el auspicio de Moyano y De Vido. De todos modos, no logró evitar las presiones de la Ca-sa Rosada para la integración de las listas nacionales. Aun-que logró sortearlas con ma-yor decoro. En los cuatro primeros lugares colocó a políticos de su confianza y a un ultra K. El integrante de La Cámpora quedó como primer suplente. Ese joven, como en otras provincias, tiene sus antece-dentes políticos en la extinta UCeDé. Quizás el pecado mayor de Urtubey no haya sido nada de todo aquello. Su osadía fue proclamar, hace meses, la ambición presidencial para
el 2015 . Un límite en el trán-sito que imaginan Cristina y el kirchnerismo, si al final vencen en octubre. El plan de ellos es la continuidad, a tra-vés de la posibilidad de una reforma constitucional o del hechizo político que sea. El primer ladrillo de la hipo-tética construcción ya fue puesto. La nominación de Gabriel Mariotto como can-didato a vicegobernador de Buenos Aires encierra una amenaza inconfundible para las aspiraciones de Da-niel Scioli. El actual manda-tario esperó que Cristina ab-dicara para convertirse en heredero. Fracasó. Soñó con macerar ese proyecto en el segundo turno en Buenos Aires. Pero el acompañamiento de Mariotto lo empujaría a otra frustraci-ón. Scioli tuvo la semana pasada un anticipo de lo que vendría, si gana, después de diciem-bre. Hizo un plenario con Mariotto y con los jóvenes de La Cámpora. La primera objeción que escuchó refirió a la Policía bonaerense y a la política de seguridad . La ofensiva que lanzó hace tiempo contra él Nilda Garré volverá sin remedio. El cerco contra Scioli podría ser un benefi-cio, tal vez, para los planes de Urtubey. Pero en el recor-rido del gobernador de Salta también lloverán piedras. Su futuro es incierto, como el de todos en el peronismo. Garré fue la ministra nacio-nal que más dio la cara en la complicada campaña de Da-niel Filmus para intentar ar-rebatarle a Mauricio Macri el
gobierno de la Ciudad. El auxilio por la inseguridad llegó tarde y con un penetra-ble tufillo electoral. Resulta extravagante andar por los barrios del sur porteño y ob-servar cómo los gendarmes y los prefectos se cruzan con la Federal y la Metropolitana. No existe plan ni colaboraci-ón de las partes –que Macri reclamó– para un conflicto estratégico, donde el valor en juego es la vida o la muerte. Sólo hay improvisación y mezquindad. El jefe porteño debería estar agradecido, en algún punto, al gobierno de Cristina. Desde el poder K crearon las condiciones adversas que debió soportar Filmus . El caso de Sergio Schoklen-der y las Madres de Hebe de Bonafini. El escándalo en el INADI. La represión a los docentes de Santa Cruz en las puertas del Ministerio de Trabajo. El compañero de fórmula del senador es Car-los Tomada. En ninguno de esos descala-bros podría cargarse culpas al candidato K. Pero, quizá, las cosas sucedieron así porque él mismo aceptó sin chistar reglas estrictas de juego que estableció la Presidenta. Desde aquella unción como candidato, propia de una mo-narca, hasta el sesgo de la campaña. En toda esa campaña Cristina brilló por su ausencia. Filmus habría sido víctima de su propia debilidad. Macri casi no tuvo que rendir cuentas por los errores e incumplimientos de estos cuatro años. Tampoco pagó un precio excesivo, al pare-
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cer, por su serpenteo político. Lanzó sin demasiada convic-ción su proyecto presidencial que declinó apenas advirtió que, para esa lucha, las encu-estas no le sonreían. Todos los trabajos de opinión públi-ca, aunque con distintas dife-rencias, le conceden para la elección de hoy en Capital una clara ventaja sobre el segundo. Ese segundo es Filmus, aunque la discusión no está cerrada. Pino Solanas aparece distan-ciado, pero ningún pronósti-co definitivo puede darse hasta que no se abran las urnas. El cambio de la com-petencia presidencial por la jefatura porteña no le habría dado al diputado de Proyecto
Sur la inyección esperada. Los restantes postulantes cabalgarían más lejos. La discusión que resta ahora se vincula con el casi seguro balotaje. La incógnita radica en saber qué diferencia ob-tendría Macri sobre el segun-do. Los especialistas señalan que una distancia de 10 pun-tos o más sería ilevantable para Filmus. Otro cantar po-dría ocurrir si en el segundo escalón irrumpiera Solanas. “Habría que barajar y dar de nuevo” , explicaba un veterano y confiable encues-tador. Nada es imposible, sin embargo, cuando la ciudada-nía se expresa con libertad. La gobernadora reelecta de Tierra del Fuego, Fabiana Ríos, lo sabe: remontó una
desventaja de casi 10 puntos en la segunda vuelta contra la ultra K Rosana Bertone. Los porteños se vieron priva-dos otra vez, como sucede desde años, de poder discutir sus problemas, de trazar al-gún horizonte para la Ciudad. La campaña volvió a nacio-nalizarse por imperio de Cristina y, sobre el final, también por conveniencia de Macri. El kirchnerismo des-plegó toda la arbitrariedad contra sus adversarios. O sus enemigos, como más le gusta calificarlos. Una marca de su tiempo en el poder que ha hecho de la política una geo-grafía pobre e inhóspita. Copyright Clarín 2011
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • LE FIGARO (FR) • ACTUALITÉ • 10/7/2011 • 06:38:00
Syrie/dialogue: l'opposition absente Une réunion sur le dialogue national, organisée par le régime syrien, s est ouverte aujourd hui à Damas en pré-sence du vice-président Fa-rouk al-Chareh, mais sans l opposition, qui refuse toute discussion tant que les vio-lences se poursuivent. Les participants ont observé une minute de silence à la mémoire des "martyrs", puis l hymne national syrien a retenti. La répression du mouvement de contestation, qui a commencé le 15 mars, a coûté la vie à plus de 1300 civils, selon des ONG.Chareh a affirmé au début de la rencontre que celle-ci visait à préparer une
grande réunion nationale : "Nous allons avoir une réu-nion nationale globale pen-dant laquelle nous annonce-rons la transition de la Syrie vers un Etat multipartite, démocratique, où tous seront égaux et participeront à l édification de l avenir du pays". "Ce dialogue com-mence dans un climat incon-fortable, de suspicion (...) et il y a beaucoup d obstacles naturels ou artificiels qui (empêchent) la transition" vers la démocratie, a pour-suivi le vice-président. "Ce dialogue n est pas une con-cession du gouvernement au peuple, mais c est une obliga-tion pour tous les citoyens",
a-t-il martelé, avant d annon-cer la suppression d ici à une semaine par le ministère de l Intérieur des "obstacles au retour de tout citoyen en S-yrie, ou à un voyage à l é-tranger". "Les circonstances ont empê-ché une application entière des lois récemment promul-guées, comme celle qui a annulé l état de d urgence", a-t-il ajouté. "Il faut cepen-dant reconnaître que sans les sacrifices consentis par le peuple syrien qui a versé son sang dans plus d un gouver-norat, cette réunion n aurait pas pu avoir lieu", a concédé le responsable.
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Les participants doivent dé-battre pendant deux jours de réformes politiques, notam-ment d amendements à la Constitution, en particulier à la clause qui fait du parti Baas "le dirigeant de l Etat et de la société". Des représen-tants du parti Baas, au pou-voir depuis 1963, et des per-sonnalités indépendantes, comme le député Moham-mad Habache, sont présents à la réunion. En revanche, les
opposants au régime du pré-sident Bachar el-Assad ont décidé de la boycotter. Ils réclament avant tout dialogue "le retrait des forces syrien-nes des villes, la libération des prisonniers politiques et des manifestants pacifiques, ainsi qu une enquête sur les crimes commis contre les manifestants", a déclaré un opposant ayant requis l a-nonymat.
Sur le terrain, les contestatai-res veulent aujourd hui la chute du régime et exigent des élections libres, refusant toute discussion avec les au-torités. Dans un discours le 20 juin à l Université de Da-mas, le président Assad avait appelé à un "dialogue natio-nal qui pourrait aboutir à des amendements à la Constitu-tion ou à une nouvelle Cons-titution".
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • LE FIGARO (FR) • ACTUALITÉ • 10/7/2011 • 17:02:00
L'expulsion d'Hissène Habré suspendue Le Sénégal a suspendu la mesure d expulsion, prévue demain, de l ancien président tchadien Hissène Habré à la suite de l opposition de l ONU, a déclaré aujourd hui le ministre sénégalais des Affaires étrangères, Madické Niang."Le Sénégal a décidé de suspendra la mesure d expulsion contre Hissène Habré", a déclaré Madické Niang dans une intervention rentransmise à la radio-télévision nationale RTS. Il a
ajouté que son pays allait engager "des consultations" avec l ONU et l Union euro-péenne pour "trouver une solution". La Haut commissaire de l ONU aux droits de l homme, Navi Pillay, avait appelé di-manche le Sénégal à revoir sa décision de renvoyer l ex-président tchadien dans son pays, prévenant que cette extradition pourrait constitu-er "une violation du droit international".
Le Sénégal avait annoncé vendredi qu il avait décider de renvoyer demain à N Djaména Hissène Habré, exilé à Dakar depuis sa chute en 1990 et poursuivi pour crimes contre l humanité pendant ses huit ans de pou-voir. Dakar avait dit vouloirargué se conformer à la demande de l Union africaine (UA) de "le juger ou l extrader".
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL PAIS (ES) • ESPAÑA • 10/7/2011
El PP quiere impedir el voto de los marroquíes en Ceuta y Melilla
Los populares alertan de que son ciudadanos de un Estado que reivindica la soberanía de ambas ciudades autónomas IGNACIO CEMBRERO
El Partido Popular no quiere que los inmigrantes marro-
quíes voten en 2015 en las elecciones locales de Ceuta y Melilla y va a dar la batalla para impedirlo. Argumenta
que no se puede conceder el derecho de voto a ciudadanos de un Estado que reivindica la soberanía de ambas ciuda-
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des autónomas. Teme, pro-bablemente, que los sufragios de los inmigrantes mermen o incluso pongan en peligro su holgada mayoría absoluta confirmaba de nuevo en ma-yo.
Marruecos aprobó el 1 de julio una nueva Constitución que permite a los extranjeros allí residentes participar en las elecciones locales. Cuatro días después, la ministra de Asuntos Exteriores, Trinidad Jiménez, anunció en Barce-lona: "Vamos a firmar acuer-dos para que ese derecho sea recíproco".
Además de los ciudadanos de la Unión Europea, los de otros países terceros (Co-lombia, Bolivia, Chile, Cabo Verde, Noruega, Islandia, Paraguay, Perú...) han suscri-to acuerdos de reciprocidad con España para que sus in-migrantes puedan votar en las elecciones municipales. Si se añadiese Marruecos a esta lista, unos 550.000 adul-tos marroquíes residentes en España -el número total se eleva a unos 800.000- podrí-
an participar en los comicios. En Ceuta hay unos 3.000 marroquíes, sobre una pobla-ción de hecho de 75.000 ha-bitantes, y en Melilla 6.000, con un número de habitantes similar.
Partidos musulmanes
El número de inmigrantes que acude a las urnas en España es más bien escaso. Es probable que los marro-quíes en Ceuta y Melilla se inclinasen, a la hora de votar, por los partidos mayoritaria-mente musulmanes, el melil-lense CPM y la ceutí UDCE, que constituyen ya la princi-pal oposición al PP, por de-lante del PSOE. Ambos son partidos de izquierdas.
Diputados, senadores del PP y miembros de los Gobiernos locales han salido en tromba para justificar su rechazo al voto marroquí. Alegan pri-mero que los comicios en ambas ciudades son más bien autonómicos y no municipa-les, motivo por el cual no podrían votar.
La Junta Electoral Central ya desestimó este argumento en enero, al examinar el caso de ciudadanos de Noruega, un país que no es miembro de la UE. Dictaminó que "tienen derecho al sufragio activo, pero no al pasivo [la posibi-lidad de ser elegidos], en las Asambleas de las ciudades autónomas", porque estas carecen de capacidad legisla-tiva y son asimilables a un pleno municipal. El Consejo de Estado comparte esta opi-nión.
Francisco Márquez, diputado popular por Ceuta, y otros dos parlamentarios del PP advirtieron el miércoles de las "graves implicaciones" que tendría el voto marroquí. Dejaron caer que su partido vetará cualquier acuerdo de reciprocidad con Marruecos si no se excluye a las ciuda-des autónomas. Como puede resultar difícil excluir solo a esta comunidad, el presidente de Ceuta, Juan Vivas, ha propuesto nada menos que suprimir en su ciudad el voto de todos los extranjeros.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • FRANKSURTER ALLGEMEINE (BL) • POLITIK • 10/7/2011 • 16:25:04
Atomausstieg: Wulff kritisiert Regierung für rasche Energiewende
Christian Wulff hat Kritik daran geäußert, wie die Regierung den Atomausstieg durchge-setzt hat. Das ging „sehr auch am Parlament vorbei“, sagte der Bundespräsident. Bei der Prüfung der Gesetze zum Ausstieg aus der Atomkraft wolle er sich Zeit lassen. Bundespräsident Christian Wulff hat seine Kritik am Vorgehen der Bundesregie-rung und der CDU beim Ausstieg aus der Nutzung der Kernenergie bekräftigt.
Wulff bemängelte am Sonn-tag im ZDF, der Bundestag sei bei der Energiewende unzureichend eingebunden gewesen.
„Das braucht Zeit, Debatten und Streit. Das ging jetzt doch alles sehr, sehr schnell und sehr am Parlament vor-bei.“ Solche Entscheidungen dürften nicht in „Koalition-
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sausschüsse und in bestimm-te Sonderkommissionen, die keine demokratische Rück-wirkung haben“, verlagert werden. Er kündigte an, sich bei der Unterzeichnung der Ausstiegsgesetze Zeit lassen zu wollen. Wegen des ge-planten Ausstiegs bis 2022 müsse er auch eigentumsre-chtliche Fragen prüfen.
Das Ganze sei komplex und brauche Zeit, sagte Wulff. „Die werde ich mir auch nehmen.“ Wulff machte auch seine Distanz zur energiepo-litischen Willensbildung in der CDU deutlich. Der Bundespräsident verwies darauf, dass ein CDU-Parteitag die Verlängerung der Laufzeiten von Kern-
kraftwerken beschlossen ha-be. Deswegen wäre es even-tuell sinnvoll gewesen, sagte Wulff, die Parteibasis auch zum Atomausstieg zu befra-gen.
Über den Atomausstieg selbst gab Wulff kein Urteil ab. Er sagte: „Ein Bundespräsident ist nicht eine Art Oberschiedsrichter, der über den Platz läuft und überall Gelbe und Rote Kar-ten verteilt und alles Tage-saktuelle kommentiert.“
Unterdessen kritisierte der ehemalige baden-württembergische Ministerpräsident Erwin Teu-fel (CDU) den Kurs der Par-teiführung. Auf einer Verans-taltung der Senioren-Union
der CDU sagte Teufel am Samstag: „Wer es mit unse-rer Partei gut meint, folgt nicht blind jedem Kurs.“
In der vergangenen Woche hatte der ehemalige sächsische Ministerpräsident Kurt Biedenkopf (CDU) die Wende in der Energiepolitik ein „politisches Abenteuer“ genannt, weil sie „ohne Be-teiligung der Partei“ vollzo-gen worden sei. Bundeskan-zlerin Angela Merkel (CDU) machte deutlich, bei der Bundestagswahl 2013 wieder kandidieren zu wollen. Der CSU-Vorsitzende Horst See-hofer nannte Frau Merkel „total unangefochten“.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • FRANKSURTER ALLGEMEINE (BL) • POLITIK • 10/7/2011 • 16:03:10
Afghanistan: Karzais Gericht Seit der Jahreswende liefern sich die Abgeordneten im afghanischen Parlament einen politischen Stellungskrieg mit Staatspräsident Hamid Karzai. Könnte man Afghanistan an westlichen Maßstäben messen, müsste man von einer Verfassungskrise sprechen. Von Jochen Buchsteiner
Vor bald zehn Monaten ist in Afghanistan ein neues Par-lament gewählt worden, aber arbeitsfähig ist es noch nicht. Seit der Jahreswende liefern sich die Abgeordneten einen politischen Stellungskrieg mit Staatspräsident Hamid Karzai, in dessen Verlauf immer mehr der jungen Insti-tutionen in Mitleidenschaft gezogen werden. Könnte man Afghanistan an westli-chen Maßstäben messen, müsste von einer Verfas-
sungskrise, wenn nicht einer Staatskrise gesprochen wer-den.
Deren Anfänge reichen bis in den Herbst 2009 zurück, als sich Karzai zum zweiten Mal zum Präsidenten wählen ließ. Dass seine Bestätigung in der Öffentlichkeit nicht mit Glanz und Glorie, sondern mit Betrug und Wahlfälschung verbunden wurde, lastete er vor allem der Wahlbeschwerde-Kommission (EEC) an, die zur Hälfte international be-
setzt war. Vor den Parla-mentswahlen im September 2010 „nationalisierte“ er da-her die EEC und besetzte auch die „Unabhängige Wa-hlkommission“ (IEC) neu. Umso erstaunter soll Karzai gewesen sein, als sich die beiden Institutionen während und nach der Parlamentswahl „effektiver als erwartet“ zeigten, wie Martine van Bijlert vom „Afghanistan Analysts Network“ damals schrieb. Zwanzig Prozent aller abgegebenen Stimmen wurden wegen Manipulatio-
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nen für ungültig erklärt und 21 Abgeordneten die Wahl aberkannt.
Sondergericht für die Wa-hlüberprüfung
Karzai war mit der daraus resultierenden Parlaments-Zusammensetzung unzufrie-den – und brachte nicht nur abwegige Argumente vor. So beklagte er den unrepräsentativen Wahlaus-gang in Ghazni. Unter den elf Abgeordneten, die aus der ostafghanischen Provinz ins Parlament ziehen durften, befand sich kein einziger Paschtune, obwohl der Volksstamm die Hälfte der Bevölkerung ausmacht. Viele waren den Urnen ferngeblie-ben, weil sie mit den Taliban (und deren Boykottaufruf) sympathisierten, viele aber auch, weil sie die Taliban (und deren Drohungen gege-nüber Wählern) fürchteten.
Ende Dezember schuf Karzai per Dekret ein Sondergericht, dem er eine Wahlüberprü-fung antrug. Zuvor hatte er eine entsprechende Empfe-hlung vom Obersten Gericht-shof erhalten (die er wiede-rum, wie viele meinen, in Auftrag gegeben hatte). Während die IEC und das Parlament das neue Gericht ablehnten und auf ihre in der Verfassung verbrieften Re-chte verwiesen, lud Karzai es mit Legitimation auf. Er bra-chte den Obersten Gericht-shof und den Generalstaat-sanwalt sogar dazu, eine Durchsuchung bei der Wahl-kommission zu sanktionie-ren.
Sondergericht legte auch gleich Nachrücker fest
Ende Juni veröffentlichten Karzais Richter schließlich ihr „Urteil“: 62 der 249 Ab-geordneten müssten wegen Wahlbetrugs ihr Mandat nie-derlegen. Welche Nachrüc-ker zu folgen haben, legte das Sondergericht auch glei-ch fest. Nicht nur Karzai, auch die „Unabhängige Kommission zur Verfassung-saufsicht“, die das Sonderge-richt noch im Januar als ille-gal bezeichnet hatte, rief nun plötzlich dazu auf, dessen Urteil zu folgen.
Bislang weigern sich die IEC und das Parlament, die For-derungen zu verwirklichen; die Abgeordneten votierten stattdessen für die Absetzung des Generalstaatsanwalts sowie von sechs Richtern des Obersten Gerichtshofes. Un-terstützt wird die „Wolesi Jirga“ von der internationa-len Gemeinschaft, namentli-ch der Mission der Vereinten Nationen in Kabul (Unama). Doch jüngste Entwicklungen deuten an, dass der Widers-tand schwindet. Am Don-nerstag ließ Karzai verkün-den, dass die IEC eingewil-ligt habe, das Urteil seines Sondergerichts zu prüfen und gegebenenfalls zu realisieren. Sollte die IEC einknicken – bislang äußerte sie sich noch nicht dazu –, stünde nur noch das Parlament gegen Karzai.
Gegner und Anhänger Kar-zais bewerfen sich mit Schu-hen
An die 140 Abgeordnete sol-len sich hinter ihre 62 ums-
trittenen Kollegen gestellt haben. Am Dienstag diskuti-erten sie erstmals über eine mögliche Amtsenthebung Karzais. Die lautstarke De-batte endete damit, dass sich Gegner und Anhänger des Präsidenten mit Schuhen und Wasserflaschen bewarfen. Die Stimmung soll sich so aufgeheizt haben, dass einige Abgeordnete nur noch mit Waffen im Plenarsaal ers-cheinen.
Der naheliegende Verdacht, Karzai wolle durch die Manöver seine Machtbasis im Parlament verbreitern, wird oft vorgetragen, aber nicht von allen bestätigt. So kann etwa der Afghanistan-Experte Thomas Ruttig nicht erkennen, dass sich die eth-nische oder politische Zu-sammensetzung des Parla-ments zu Karzais Gunsten verschöbe, würde das Urteil des Sondergerichts in die Tat umgesetzt.
Finden Parlament und Präsident keine Lösung, dro-hen wenig erfreuliche Szena-rien. Zwei von ihnen nannte die Abgeordnete Fatima Aziz in der „New York Times“: Karzai könnte das Parlament auflösen oder die 62 Abge-ordneten festnehmen lassen. Eine weitere Möglichkeit erwähnte der Leiter der U-nama, Staffan de Mistura, um sie sogleich als „unglücklich für die embryonale Demo-kratie“ Afghanistans zu beze-ichnen. Danach würde Karzai mit Hilfe von Dekreten und traditionellen Stammesver-sammlungen (Loya Jirgas) weiterregieren und das Par-
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lament einfach links liegen- lassen.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • FRANKSURTER ALLGEMEINE (BL) • POLITIK • 10/7/2011 • 15:32:36
Panzergeschäft mit Saudi-Arabien: Das Geheimnis vom Leoparden Wenn Deutschland seinen beliebten Kampfpanzer verkaufen will, führt das oft zu Verwer-fungen an der politischen Heimatfront. Dabei lieferte auch schon Rot-Grün Jahr für Jahr Waffen nach Saudi-Arabien. Von Christiane Hoffmann und Eckart Lohse
Die Beteiligten glänzten dur-ch Abwesenheit. Als das Parlament am Freitagmittag zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von drei Tagen über das Panzergeschäft mit Saudi-Arabien stritt, saßen weder die Kanzlerin noch der Außenminister auf der Regi-erungsbank. Das gab der Opposition in der aufgeheiz-ten Diskussion über Werte und Interessen in der deuts-chen Außenpolitik Grund, sich zu ereifern.
Gregor Gysi für Die Linke und der SPD-Vorsitzende Sigmar Gabriel waren nicht mehr nur in der Sache empört, sondern auch ob der demonstrativen Missachtung durch die Regierung. Während die Opposition ihre rhetorischen Schwergewichte bemühte, schickte die Union Hinterbänkler wie Roderich Kiesewetter mit dem Auftrag in die Arena, ein Geschäft zu rechtfertigen, von dem sie nichts wissen durften.
Denn ob die Bundesregie-rung dem Antrag eines Rüs-tungsherstellers stattgibt, seine Pistolen, Panzer oder U-Boote ins Ausland zu ver-
kaufen, entscheiden eine Handvoll Minister unter dem Vorsitz der Kanzlerin im Bundessicherheitsrat, dem einzig wirklich geheim ta-genden Gremium der Regie-rung. Oder fast geheim. Die Kanzlerin, der Verteidi-gungsminister oder der Uni-ons-Fraktionsvorsitzende und Merkel-Vertraute Volker Kauder, die Spitzen dieser Koalition also, würden sich kaum über die strategische Bedeutung Saudi-Arabiens und die fehlende Kritik Isra-els an den „Meldungen über mögliche Lieferungen von Leopard-Panzern nach Saudi-Arabien“ öffentlich verbrei-ten, wenn diese Meldungen nicht zuträfen.
Opposition: „Die derzeitige Regelung zur Geheimhaltung ist zu eng“
Deswegen fällt es der Oppo-sition in diesen Tagen so leicht, gegen das Prinzip der Geheimhaltung anzurennen, und müssen sich die Abge-ordneten der Regierungspar-teien so quälen, es zu vertei-digen. Sogar Unionsabge-ordnete beklagen „mangeln-de Transparenz“. Und der CDU-Verteidigungspolitiker Ernst-Reinhard Beck sagt, er rechne zwar nicht damit, dass
sich am Prinzip der geheimen Entscheidung etwas ändere, fühlt sich dabei aber als Par-lamentarier, der die Regie-rung kontrollieren soll, „nicht so toll“. Er will, dass wenigs-tens rasch über Ausfuhrge-nehmigungen informiert wird. Denn, so sagt er, wenn es „dumm laufe“, werde das Parlament erst Ende nächsten Jahres durch den Rüstung-sexportbericht über das Panzergeschäft mit den Sau-dis informiert. Der FDP-Außenpolitiker Rainer Stin-ner bemängelt, dass „die Kanzlerin und ihre Minister“ sich „schablonenhaft hinter das Schild geheim“ stellten.
Im Februar hatte die SPD, unterstützt von den Grünen, einen Antrag eingebracht, in dem sie mehr Transparenz forderte. „Die derzeitige Re-gelung zur Geheimhaltung ist zu eng. Sie passt nicht mehr in die politische Landschaft“, sagt der SPD-Abgeordnete Rolf Mützenich, einer der Initiatoren des Antrags. Der wurde vor zwei Wochen ab-gelehnt. In der Debatte ma-chte sich niemand die Mühe, die Geheimhaltung zu be-gründen. Ein Hinweis, dass man es immer so gehalten habe, auch unter Rot-Grün, das war alles.
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Das stimmt und stimmt wie-der nicht, denn auch unter Gerhard Schröder und Josch-ka Fischer war die Gehei-mhaltung löcherig. Gerade ein Jahr regierte Rot-Grün, als Ende des Jahres 1999 der Nato-Partner Türkei der deutschen Panzerschmiede Krauss-Maffei den verloc-kenden Wunsch unterbreite-te, tausend Leoparden zu kaufen. Für die Grünen, die gerade im Kosovo-Krieg ihre pazifistische Unschuld eingebüßt hatten, war das eine fürchterliche Vorstel-lung. Noch bevor der Bun-dessicherheitsrat nur die Ausfuhr eines einzigen Test-panzers genehmigte, machten sie klar, dass „ihr“ Außenminister Fischer dem nicht zustimmen würde.
Schärfere Richtlinien für Waffenexporte
Die Grünen machten einen solchen Aufstand, dass es zu dem geplanten großen Geschäft nicht kam. Doch obwohl sie die junge Regie-rung in eine existentielle Kri-se trieben, gelang es ihnen nicht durchzusetzen, dass künftig die Entscheidungen über Rüstungsausfuhren ni-cht mehr im stillen Kämmerlein getroffen wür-den. „Ich habe schon zu Be-ginn der rot-grünen Regie-rung gefordert, nach dem Streit über die Panzerausfuhr in die Türkei, dass über ge-plante Rüstungsexporte offen und öffentlich informiert wird“, sagt Claudia Roth, die heutige Parteivorsitzende der Grünen. „Leider habe ich mich bei diesem Punkt da-mals nicht durchsetzen
können, dafür aber bei der Frage strengerer Richtlinien für Rüstungsexporte.“
In der Tat wurden im Jahr 2000 die 18 Jahre alten Rich-tlinien für den Waffenexport verschärft. Waren in der Ver-sion aus dem Jahr 1982 die Menschenrechte im Empfängerland nur beiläufig in der Präambel erwähnt, ist ihre Einhaltung in den neuen Richtlinien ein entscheiden-des Kriterium für eine Aus-fuhrgenehmigung.
Der Ankündigung von mehr „Transparenz“ bei Rüstung-sexporten, die Rot-Grün in der Koalitionsvereinbarung von 1998 festgeschrieben hatte, wurden Schröder und Fischer lediglich dadurch gerecht, dass seit 1999 jährlich ein Bericht der Bun-desregierung über die Ausfu-hr von Rüstungsgütern ers-cheint. Schaut man sich diese Bilanzen an, so wird rasch klar, dass auch eine Regie-rung mit grüner Beteiligung auf den Exportschlager Waf-fen nicht verzichtete. Von knapp drei bis auf mehr als vier Milliarden Euro jährlich stieg der Gesamtumfang der Ausfuhrgenehmigungen in den rot-grünen Jahren. Unter Angela Merkel kletterte das Volumen auf mehr als fünf Milliarden Euro.
„Genosse, bedenken Sie die Arbeitsplätze.“
Wenn vor allem die Grünen heute mit moralischer Empörung auf den geplanten Verkauf von Panzern nach Saudi-Arabien reagieren, so müssen sie sich doch die
Frage gefallen lassen, wieso zu ihrer Regierungszeit Jahr für Jahr Pistolen, Gewehre, ja sogar Maschinenkanonen für hohe Millionenbeträge nach Saudi-Arabien geliefert wur-den. Mit solchen Waffen lässt das Volk sich bestens unterdrücken, im eigenen Land oder beim Nachbarn. Zur Wahrheit gehört aller-dings, dass unter Kanzlerin Merkel auch diese Beträge noch einmal deutlich gestie-gen sind.
Deutschland ist mittlerweile der drittgrößte Rüstungsex-porteur der Welt. Zwar ist die Zahl der in der Branche Beschäftigten insgesamt rückläufig, liegt aber nach Angaben des Verbandes der Deutschen Sicherheits- und Verteidigungsindustrie noch bei knapp 100.000. Das ist gerade für die Arbeitnehmer-partei SPD von Bedeutung. So erzählt ein SPD-Bundestagsabgeordneter, als er sich vor einigen Jahren öffentlich gegen ein U-Boot-Geschäft mit Pakistan aus-gesprochen habe, sei der Pro-testanruf nicht etwa von der Werft gekommen, sondern von der IG Metall: „Genosse, bedenken Sie die Arbeitsplätze.“
Israel habe das Geschäft „ausdrücklich unterstützt“
Seit mindestens einem Jahr stand die Anfrage der Saudis schon auf der Agenda des Bundessicherheitsrats. Bisher war eine Entscheidung im-mer wieder vertagt worden. Schon seit den siebziger Ja-hren wirft das saudische Königreich begehrliche Blic-
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ke auf den deutschen Leo-parden. Bisher aber wurden alle Anträge abgelehnt – mit Hinweis auf die Sicherheit-sinteressen Israels. Die haben sich nun offenbar geändert. Schon seit dem Sturz Sad-dam Husseins im Irak ist das sunnitische Saudi-Arabien am Golf zum wichtigsten Gegengewicht gegen das schiitische Regime in Iran geworden. Aber seit dem „arabischen Frühling“ hat Riad aus der Sicht Israels noch einmal an Bedeutung gewonnen.
Denn auf Ägypten, Israels Vertragspartner in der Regi-
on, kann sich Israel nicht mehr wie zu Zeiten Muba-raks verlassen. Der israelis-che Sinneswandel war offen-bar entscheidend für das Panzergeschäft. Jedenfalls unterließ kaum ein Unions-politiker in dieser Woche den Hinweis auf das ausdrückli-che Einverständnis Israels. Der Abgeordnete Kiesewet-ter sagte, dass Israel das Geschäft „nicht nur wünscht, sondern ausdrücklich unters-tützt“ habe.
Wohl um das Parlament nicht allzu sehr zu provozieren, kam die Kanzlerin am Frei-tag zur zweiten Hälfte der
Aussprache dann doch noch ins Plenum, und kurz vor Schluss gab sich sogar Wes-terwelle die Ehre. Ihn bringt das Geschäft ganz besonders in die Bredouille, schließlich kennt seine Außenpolitik bisher vor allem zwei The-men: Abrüstung und die deutsche Unterstützung für den „arabischen Frühling“. Der Außenminister sprach Anfang der Woche in einem dürren Statement von „ve-rantwortungsvollen Beratun-gen“. Er muss es ja wissen. Denn er ist Mitglied im Bun-dessicherheitsrat.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • FRANKSURTER ALLGEMEINE (BL) • POLITIK • 10/7/2011 • 14:16:49
Kommentar: Problemsudan Südsudan ist ohne seinen Gegner Nordsudan nicht lebensfähig. Das könnte wie mit Eri-trea enden - in der Fortsetzung eines zwanzig Jahre alten Krieges. Von Thomas Scheen
Wäre der jüngste Staat der Erde, die Republik Südsu-dan, ein zum Verkauf ste-hendes Unternehmen, würde jeder potentielle Investor müde abwinken: wackliges Geschäftsmodell, keine gesi-cherte Finanzierung, schlecht ausgebildete Belegschaft, mieses Betriebsklima und ein Management, das Mitbes-timmung für Teufelszeug hält.
Staaten funktionieren gottlob anders als Konzerne. Aber am Befund für die Republik Südsudan, die am Samstag nach zwanzig Jahren Krieg mit mehr als zwei Millionen Toten ihre Unabhängigkeit
von Sudan erklärt hat, ändert das nichts.
Zwei Dinge sind es vor al-lem, die Zweifel an der Lebensfähigkeit dieser neuen Nation zwischen Nordsudan, Uganda, Kenia und Kongo säen: die finanzielle Abhängigkeit vom ehemali-gen Feind im Norden und die ethnischen Differenzen inne-rhalb der neuen Nation.
Segen und Problem zugleich: Erdöl
Südsudan ist gesegnet mit Erdöl. Achtzig Prozent der bekannten Vorkommen in ganz Sudan liegen in der neuen Republik, und würden alle Kapazitäten ausgelastet,
könnten alleine im Süden 500.000 Fass täglich gefördert werden. Doch die gesamte Infrastruktur zur Vermarktung dieses Öls, die Pipeline, die Raffinerie, der Erdölhafen von Port Sudan, gehört dem Norden, was be-deutet, dass Khartum dem Süden nach Belieben den Hahn buchstäblich zudrehen kann. Angesichts der zurüc-kliegenden Erfahrungen mit der Vertragstreue der Regie-rung in Khartum, die noch jedes Abkommen gebrochen hat, grenzt es an Fahrlässigkeit, heute zu glauben, die Angelegenheit werde sich schon irgendwie regeln.
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Khartum hat damit ein Druckmittel, wie es wirksa-mer kaum sein könnte: 95 Prozent des südsudanesis-chen Staatshaushalts stam-men aus den Erdölverkäufen, die über den Norden abge-wickelt werden. Was passiert eigentlich im Süden, sollte Khartum tatsächlich die Pi-peline sperren, weil es mit dem Mietzins für seine In-frastruktur nicht zufrieden ist? Die Frage ist leicht zu beantworten und die Antwort furchterregend: Krieg. Es war eben kein „Scherz“, wie der deutsche Außenminister Guido Westerwelle behaup-tete, als der südsudanesische Präsident Salva Kiir ihn bei seinem Besuch in Juba um deutsche Waffenlieferungen bat.
Die nach wie vor ungeklärte künftige Aufteilung der Öleinnahmen ist nur eines von vielen ungelösten Pro-blemen, die Südsudan in die Unabhängigkeit begleiten. Über große Strecken des Grenzverlaufs haben sich Norden und Süden noch ni-cht geeinigt. Es herrscht Un-klarheit darüber, ob die Re-publik eine eigene Währung schafft oder weiter mit der schwindsüchtigen Währung aus den Norden, dem suda-nesischen Pfund, wirtschaftet und sich damit noch tiefer in die Abhängigkeit von Khar-tum begibt. Und eine neue Verfassung gibt es auch no-ch nicht. Das alles hat fatale Ähnlichkeit mit der zunächst friedlichen Trennung von
Äthiopien und Eritrea, die nach wenigen Jahren in einen Krieg umschlug, weil sich beide Seiten nicht auf eine gemeinsame Währung und den Verlauf der Grenze eini-gen konnten.
Archaischer Vielvölkerstaat mit einigen hundert Ethnien
Hinzu kommen die Span-nungen im Innern des neuen Staates. Südsudan ist ein archaischer Vielvölkerstaat mit einigen hundert Ethnien und mehreren Dutzend Spra-chen. Der Leim, der dieses künstliche Gebilde in der Vergangenheit zusammenge-halten hat, war der gemein-same Feind im Norden. Doch den gibt es nun nicht mehr, und prompt tun sich tiefe Gräben auf.
In den Provinzen Jonglei und Unity rebellieren bereits e-hemalige Generäle der süd-sudanesischen Armee gegen die Regierung in Juba und die dort tonangebenden Eth-nie der Dinka, denen sie massive Fälschungen bei den Wahlen im April vergange-nen Jahres vorwerfen. Die neuen Machthaber, von de-nen etliche bereits märchenhafte Reichtümer angehäuft haben, reagieren mit roher Gewalt auf die Re-bellionen und beschuldigen die beiden ehemaligen Generäle Peter Gadet und George Athor, im Solde Khartums zu stehen.
Das ist nur die halbe Wah-rheit. Wogegen Gadet und
Athor sich wehren, ist die Vormachtstellung der Dinka in dem neuen Staat. Sichtba-res Zeichen dieser um sich greifenden Malaise ist die beginnende Spaltung der südsudanesische Armee. Die Loyalität vieler Soldaten liegt eher bei der eigenen Ethnie als bei der Regierung im fernen Juba. Es gibt sogar Stimmen in Juba, die be-haupten, dass die militärische Besetzung der zwischen Norden und Süden umstritte-nen Region Abyei durch nordsudanesische Truppen im Mai bewusst vom Süden provoziert worden war, um dergestalt von den innenpoli-tischen Auseinandersetzun-gen abzulenken und vor al-lem die Armee beschäftigt zu halten.
Die Regierungspartei „Sudan People"s Liberation Move-ment“ (SPLM) rechtfertigt ihre harte Gangart gegen politische Gegner und zu-nehmend auch gegen freie Berichterstattung mit der Sorge um die Stabilität dieses Gebildes namens Südsudan. Damit wirft sie genau das über Bord, was ihr im Krieg die moralische Lufthoheit über den Norden gesichert hatte: der Respekt vor den Menschenrechten, insbe-sondere vor dem Recht auf freie Meinungsäußerung und politische Willensbildung. Ein gelungener Start in die Unabhängigkeit jedenfalls sieht anders aus.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • FRANKSURTER ALLGEMEINE (BL) • POLITIK • 10/7/2011 • 13:59:00
Malaysia: Regierung verteidigt hartes Vorgehen gegen Demonstranten Nach einer mit Gewalt aufgelösten Demonstration in der Hauptstadt Kuala Lumpur hat die malaysische Regierung am Sonntag ihr Vorgehen verteidigt. Das Oppositionsbündnis „Bersih 2.0“ hatte die Proteste wochenlang geplant, es fordert mehr Transparenz bei den Wahlen. Tränengas, Wasserwerfer und 1600 Festnahmen: Die Regierung von Malaysia hat am Samstag eine Demonstra-tion von Regierungsgegnern gewaltsam beendet. Nach Angaben der Veranstalter hatten etwa 50 .000 Mens-chen auf den Straßen der Hauptstadt Kuala Lumpur Wahlrechtsreformen gefor-dert. Die Behörden sprachen von 10.000 Teilnehmern.
Ministerpräsident Najib Ra-zak verteidigte den Polizeie-insatz am Sonntag: „Wir mögen kein Chaos. Wir mögen Frieden. Wir wollen ein Land, in dem die Mens-chen in Harmonie leben“, sagte er nach Angaben der staatlichen Nachrichtenagen-tur Bernama bei einer Ve-ranstaltung im Putra World Trade Centre.
Unter den Verletzten Opposi-tionsführer Anwar Ibrahim
Die Polizei hatte die Innens-tadt in Erwartung der De-monstranten schon frühzeitig abgesperrt und mit Knüppeln und Schutzschilden Stellung
bezogen. Tausende Demons-tranten schlüpften aber durch die Absperrungen und de-monstrierten trotzdem. Da-raufhin brachte die Polizei ihre Wasserwerfer und Tränengas zum Einsatz. Un-ter den Verletzten war nach Angaben aus Oppositions-kreisen auch Oppositionsfü-hrer Anwar Ibrahim, der Tränengas abbekam.
Die Menschenrechtsorgani-sation Amnesty International kritisierte den Polizeieinsatz und forderte die Freilassung der Festgenommenen. Einige Hundert waren am Sonntag zunächst noch in Polizeige-wahrsam. „Als Mitglied des UN-Menschenrechtsrats soll-te Malaysia ein Beispiel ge-ben, wie Menschenrechte respektiert werden“, sagte Donna Guest, zuständig für Südostasien. „Stattdessen sieht es so aus, als unterdrüc-ke die Regierung sie.“
Aktivisten fordern vor allem transparente Wahlen
Das Oppositionsbündnis „Bersih 2.0“ hatte die De-
monstration wochenlang ge-plant, von den Behörden aber keine Genehmigung bekom-men. Die Regierung wollte den Aktivisten lediglich ein Stadion außerhalb der Hauptstadt zur Verfügung stellen. Das lehnten sie ab.
Die Aktivisten fordern vor den nächsten Wahlen, die spätestens 2013 stattfinden, umfassende Reformen. Im Vordergrund dabei: eine transparente Wählerregistrierung, Tinte an den Fingern der Wähler, um doppelte Stimmabgaben zu unterbinden, und gleichen Zugang für alle Parteien zu den überwiegend staatlichen Medien.
Die Regierungspartei UMNO ist seit der Unabhängigkeit 1957 an der Macht. Sie hält trotz wachsender Kritik an den in der Verfassung garan-tierten Privilegien für die Bevölkerungsmehrheit der muslimischen Malaysier ge-genüber Nachfahren der vor mehr als 100 Jahren einge-wanderten Chinesen und Inder fest.
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Matérias do dia 11/07/2011
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • FRANKSURTER ALLGEMEINE (BL) • GESELLSCHAFT • 11/7/2011 • 19:33:00
Sicherungsverwahrung: Der böse Wolf
Rotkäppchen heißt ein Märchen, aufgeschrieben von Charles Perrault und von den Brü-dern Grimm. Ein Wolf frisst das kleine Mädchen. In der schrecklichen Realität ist der Wolf ein Mensch. Ein Kinderschänder, ein Vergewaltiger, ein Mörder. Von Philip Eppelsheim
Die Brüder Grimm veröffentlichten 1812 ein Märchen. Eine Geschichte, seit Generationen bekannt, immer wieder erzählt. Auch heute noch. Sie handelt von Rotkäppchen, von der Großmutter und von dem bösen Wolf. Der Wolf fraß die Großmutter und Rotkäppchen. Ein Jäger rette-te sie aus dem Bauch des Tieres. So ist das im Märchen. Der Wolf starb.
Wölfe. Heinrich Pommeren-ke, Jürgen Bartsch, Erwin Hagedorn, Ronny Rieken, Rolf Diesterweg, Frank Gust. Andere, die in der Öffentlichkeit keine Namen haben. Mörder, Vergewalti-ger, Kinderschänder, Ge-waltverbrecher.
Heinrich Pommerenke hatte viele Namen: Bestie in Menschengestalt. Das Unge-heuer vom Schwarzwald. Pass auf, sonst holt dich der Pommerenke. Pommerenke war 21 Jahre alt, als er einer Frau die Kehle durchschnitt und sich an dem Leichnam verging. Das war im Februar 1959. Einen Monat später tötete Pommerenke wieder.
Dann im Juni 1959. Am 1. und am 8. „Wie ein reißender Wolf durchstreift er ganze Stadtteile“, schrieb die Poli-zei. Als sie Pommerenke festnahm, gestand er mehr als 60 Straftaten.
Morde, versuchte Morde, Vergewaltigungen, versuchte Vergewaltigungen, Überfälle. „Vor Ihnen sitzt kein Mensch, sondern der Teufel“, sagte Pommerenke. Bei der Gerichtsverhandlung sagte der Staatsanwalt: „Im Zuchthaus werden sich neun Tore öffnen, durch die er gehen muss. In die neunte Hölle Dantes muss er hine-in.“ Das Landgericht Frei-burg verurteilte Pommerenke zu sechsmal lebenslanger Zuchthausstrafe.
Resozialisierung als Voll-zugsziel
Pommerenke erzählte Jour-nalisten von seiner schweren Kindheit, dass der Vater ihn ausgepeitscht habe, dass er immer der Dummkopf ge-nannt worden sei: „Ich wurde zu Hause geschlagen, weil ich nicht böse sein wollte.“ Das Bundesverfassungsgeri-cht urteilte 1995, dass es mit der Würde des Menschen
unvereinbar sei, die Chance auf Freiheit auf einen „von Siechtum und Todesnähe gekennzeichneten Lebensrest zu reduzieren“. Man müsse die Entlassung Pommerenkes vorbereiten. Resozialisierung als Vollzugsziel. Doch Pommerenke blieb in Haft, ein Gutachter sah noch 2004 die Gefahr, er könne wieder Straftaten begehen. Pomme-renke starb 2008 im Gefängnis. Manche sahen ihn als Justizopfer. Andere als einen Mann, der immer ein Wolf war.
Jürgen Bartsch war 15 Jahre alt, als er zum Mörder wurde. Das war 1962. Ein Junge, dessen sadistische Neigung bekannt war. Schon vor sei-nem ersten Mord hatte er sich an Nachbarsjungen ver-gangen. Wie ein Wolf sei er „durch das Menschengewühl an Rhein und Ruhr“ gestre-unt. Bartsch sprach kleine Jungen auf Rummelplätzen an, lockte sie in einen Lufts-chutzstollen. Er zog die Jun-gen aus, fesselte sie, befrie-digte sich, quälte sie. Dann tötete er die Kinder und zers-tückelte sie. Das Schneiden des Fleisches empfand er als Orgasmus.
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1966 nahm die Polizei Barts-ch fest. Er war 19 Jahre alt und hatte vier Jungen ermor-det. Die Gerichtsverhandlung 1967 wurde zum „Jahrhun-dertprozess“. Der Journalist Gerhard Mauz schrieb über Jürgen Bartsch: „Wir spre-chen nicht mehr vom ,Tier in Menschengestalt". Das tun wir allerdings nicht deshalb nicht mehr, weil sich eine menschlichere Meinung vom Menschen durchgesetzt hätte (etwa die, dass der Mensch, was immer er tut, ein Mensch ist). Nein, der Tierschutz-Gedanke hat sich durchge-setzt: Wir wollen die Tiere nicht kränken.“
Der böse Wolf: kein Tier, ein Mensch
Ein Wolf - das Tier - macht so etwas nicht. Doch ist es ein Bild, das jedes Kind vers-teht. Der böse Wolf: kein Tier, ein Mensch.
Mauz weiter: „Sie (die Pres-se) erkannte nicht, dass die-ser Jürgen Bartsch nur stell-vertretend für alle Sexualtäter stand . . . Es gab - und es hat inzwischen - eine Fülle von Fällen gegeben, die hinsichtlich der Zahl der Op-fer, hinsichtlich der Tatbege-hung, hinsichtlich des Alters der Opfer und hinsichtlich des Alters des Täters mindes-tens genauso, wenn nicht erregender waren als der Fall des Jürgen Bartsch.“ Vieles wurde über Bartsch berichtet, vieles sagte er selbst: Er sc-hlief noch mit 19 im Bett seiner Adoptiveltern, wurde von der Mutter gebadet, wie eine Puppe behandelt. Ein Pater missbrauchte ihn in
seiner Kindheit. Bartsch sag-te über seine Taten: „Ich würde das durchaus als Zwang bezeichnen. Also das Gefühl, du musst es tun.“ Sein Wunsch sei, Kinder zu zerschneiden, das schlagende Herz zu sehen.
Ein forensischer Psychiater und Rechtsmediziner pflegt im Kollegenkreis zu sagen, er kenne keinen einzigen Fall eines therapierten sadistis-chen Sexualmörders. Sollte ihm ein Kollege doch einen nennen können, werde er ihm eine Kiste seines besten Weines schenken.
Das Wuppertaler Landgericht verurteilte Bartsch 1967 zu lebenslanger Zuchthausstra-fe. Zwei Jahre später ließ der Bundesgerichtshof die Revi-sion zu, Bartsch wurde da-raufhin 1971 zu zehn Jahren Jugendstrafe verurteilt. Er kam in eine Heil- und Pfle-geanstalt. Im gleichen Jahr wurde in der DDR der drei-fache Jungenmörder Erwin Hagedorn festgenommen. Auch er war 19 Jahre alt, hatte mit 17 Jahren begonnen zu morden. Hagedorn wurde 1972 hingerichtet.
Das Problem ist der Kopf
Bartsch, den Prozessbeoba-chter als charmant und intel-ligent bezeichneten, sagte, er leide, er wolle von seinen Phantasien geheilt werden. Man erwog eine triebhem-mende Operation am Gehirn. Die Ärzte lehnten ab. Der „Spiegel“ sprach damals mit einem Psychochirurgen: „Mehrere Gutachter hatten ihm ausgeprägte sadistische
Tötungsphantasien beschei-nigt. Gibt es Möglichkeiten, einen solchen Drang zu min-dern oder zu beseitigen?“ - „Nein. Darüber ist bisher nichts bekannt. Hier hat die Wissenschaft noch keinen entsprechenden Zielpunkt im Gehirn entdeckt.“ Bartsch beantragte schließlich seine Kastration. Er starb 1976 während der Operation.
Hätte die Kastration gehol-fen? Ein Wolf bleibt auch kastriert ein Wolf. Das Pro-blem ist nicht der Hoden. Das Problem ist der Kopf. Die Kastration kann nur hel-fen, wenn der Kopf mitma-cht. Psychiater sagen, eine Paraphilie wie Pädophilie könne man nicht heilen. Sie könne nur kontrolliert wer-den - wenn der Betroffene motiviert ist.
Kastration ist in Deutschland auf freiwilliger Basis möglich. In Polen ist seit Sommer 2010 Kastration bei Kindesmissbrauch vorgesc-hrieben. In Frankreich ist sie Pflicht für Sexualstraftäter. Auch in Kalifornien und Flo-rida werden Wiederholungstäter kastriert.
1980 ermordete Klaus Gra-bowski die sieben Jahre alte Anna Bachmeier. Er war ein vorbestrafter Sexualstraftäter, war wegen des Missbrauchs zweier Mädchen verurteilt worden und hatte sich 1976 kastrieren lassen. Annas Mutter erschoss ihn im Geri-chtssaal.
Rolf Diesterweg war ein kleiner Junge, als er mit ei-nem Stock in den Gedärmen
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überfahrener Katzen rührte. Er war sechzehn Jahre alt, als er ein zwölf Jahre altes Mädchen missbrauchte und erdrosselte. Diesterweg be-kam für diese Tat eine Ju-gendstrafe von sechs Jahren. Er war 34 Jahre alt, als er 1997 ein zehn Jahre altes Mädchen missbrauchte und erdrosselte. Er lebte mit einer Frau und deren beiden Kin-dern zusammen. Er soll sie liebevoll behandelt haben. So sind Täter wie er. Sie bauen sich eine bürgerliche Fassade auf. Tarnung. Unauffällig, sympathisch, charmant. Biedermänner. Psychopathen können die Erwartungen an-derer erfüllen. Sie tun es oh-ne Empathie, sind kalt bis ins Herz.
Vor Gericht sagte Diester-weg, er habe traumatische Erlebnisse in der Kindheit gehabt. Er bereue zutiefst und brauche Hilfe. Der Rich-ter äußerte: „Der Angeklagte versuchte, als krank darges-tellt zu werden, damit er nach dem Aufenthalt in einem psychiatrischen Krankenhaus wieder in Freiheit kommt.“ Diesterweg wurde zu einer lebenslangen Freiheitsstrafe verurteilt. Michael Osterhei-der, Professor für forensische Psychiatrie an der Universität Regensburg, traf Diesterweg in der JVA Celle. „Der sitzt Ihnen gegenüber, charmant, lächelt wie ein Vorstandsvor-sitzender und parliert über sein Leben, über seine Straf-taten und wie schlecht das doch wäre und dass er jetzt zum Glauben gefunden habe und dass er gar nicht verste-hen könne, dass ihn keiner
entlassen wolle, weil er doch jetzt mit Gott in Zwiesprache sei. Dieses Verhalten ist eine manipulative Strategie.“
Glaube an das Gute im Menschen
Diesterweg erzählte Oste-rheider auch, dass er in der Teepause immer Ronny Rie-ken treffe.
Ronny Rieken vergewaltigte ein Mädchen, als er 19 Jahre alt war. Mit 21 vergewaltigte er seine Schwester. Mit 28 missbrauchte und tötete er ein zwölf Jahre altes Mädchen. Zwei Jahre später missbrauchte und tötete er ein elf Jahre altes Mädchen. Rieken vergewaltigte, wurde verurteilt, kam wieder frei und mordete. Diesterweg tötete, wurde verurteilt, kam wieder frei und mordete. Bernhard M. ermordete ein Kind, kam wieder frei und brachte dann ein Kind und eine Frau um. Der Freiburger Sexualstraftäter Rolf L. wur-de 2001 wegen Kindesmiss-brauchs in 27 Fällen zu acht Jahren Freiheitsstrafe verur-teilt. Nach seiner Freilassung verging er sich sofort wieder an drei Minderjährigen. Der Serienvergewaltiger Jörn P. hatte immer wieder Gelege-nheit, sich an Frauen zu ver-gehen.
Armin S. saß wegen sexuel-len Missbrauchs von Kindern und wegen sexueller Nötigung im Gefängnis, nach seiner Entlassung missbrau-chte er ein sieben Jahre altes Mädchen, schlug dessen Kopf gegen einen Baums-tamm und warf das Kind in
einen Fluss. Der „Heidemörder“ Thomas Holst, der drei Frauen ver-gewaltigte, quälte und tötete, bekam, nachdem er ein Mädchen überfallen, bedroht, gefesselt und geknebelt hatte, eine Bewährungsstrafe. Der Glaube an das Gute im Menschen. „Wären seinerzeit die Alarmsignale nicht ver-kannt worden, könnte die Kosmetikschülerin Lara Holz noch leben“, schrieb die Journalistin Gisela Friedrich-sen über den Fall Holst.
Wären die Alarmsignale er-kannt worden. Bei so vielen Fällen lässt sich das rück-blickend sagen.
Eine Schlimme Kindheit macht noch keinen Straftäter
Rieken war verheiratet, er hatte Kinder. Auch er verwi-es auf seine schlimme Kin-dheit: „Ich glaube, dass die ganzen Ursachen dafür in meiner Kindheit liegen.“ Schläge, Missbrauch, Ver-wahrlosung. So sah das auch der Mörder Frank Gust. „Gust hat alle möglichen Angaben gemacht, um dars-tellen zu können, wie schwer seine Kindheit gewesen ist. Nirgendwo konnten diese Hinweise objektiviert wer-den“, sagt Osterheider. „Er hat einen Bruder, der in der gleichen Umgebung groß geworden ist, und der ist ni-cht straffällig geworden.“ Eine schlimme Kindheit, wenn es sie denn gab, macht noch keinen Straftäter.
Professor Gerhard Roth vom Institut für Hirnforschung der Universität Bremen sagt, bei
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allen Gewalttätern finde man frühe Hirnschädigungen. „Traumatisierungen wie se-xueller Missbrauch, schwere Erniedrigungen, Vernachlässigungen, körperliche Gewalt führen zu deutlichen Schädigungen in wichtigen Teilen unseres Gehirns.“ Bei Schwerverbre-chern, unter ihnen wenige Prozent Psychopathen, finde man neben solchen Schädigungen zudem beson-dere genetische Vorbelas-tung. „Es gibt kein Schwer-verbrecher-Gen, aber es gibt genetische Abänderungen, die für eine Traumatisierung empfänglicher machen.“ Schädigungen seien in vielen Teilen des Gehirns vorhan-den. Psychochirurgie sei de-shalb zurzeit aussichtslos, besser seien psychotherapeu-tische Maßnahmen, „aber auch da ist man erst ganz am Anfang“. Betrachte man die Täter rein klinisch-neurobiologisch, sagt Roth, „dann können sie nichts für ihr Tun“.
Freier Wille? Osterheider sagt: „Ich bin kein Freund davon, zu sagen, das ist alles erklärbar, die haben ein Pro-blem mit der Amygdala - so wie es Neurobiologen vertre-ten. Dann kann ich mich trotzdem so verhalten, dass ich sozialadäquat lebe.“
Als Gust acht Jahre alt war, begann er, Tiere zu quälen und zu töten. Für forensische Psychiater ist so ein Verhal-ten ein Warnzeichen - nur, dass sie immer erst mit den Kindern zu tun bekommen, wenn diese schon zu Verge-waltigern und Mördern ge-
worden sind. Männer, die ihre Phantasien seit ihrer Kindheit haben. Zehn, zwan-zig, dreißig Jahre. Die sie ausgelebt haben. Und die ihre Taten wie einen Porno-film vor ihrem inneren Auge ablaufen lassen.
Gust schnitt Tiere auf. Me-erschweinchen, Kaninchen, Pferde. Er betastete die Ein-geweide, mochte das Gefühl, die Wärme, wenn er mit den Händen in die Bauchhöhle fasste. Er träumte, ganz in die Körper zu kriechen. Schließlich stieg er in Leichenschauhäuser ein, s-chnitt Leichname auf. Sie waren ihm zu kalt. Als ihm 2000 der Prozess gemacht wurde, hatte Gust drei Frau-en gequält, bestialisch vers-tümmelt, ermordet - und zu-dem die Tante seiner Frau umgebracht, weil sie zu viel wusste. Wenn er mit seiner Ehefrau schlief, dachte er an seine Taten. Sonst ging es nicht. Sein größter Wunsch war es, einer sterbenden Frau an das pochende Herz zu fassen.
Schutz vor namenlosen Wölfen
Für Osterheider ist er der Prototyp eines sexuellen Sa-disten, „den man sicherlich nicht therapieren kann“. Das sagt auch Gust selbst: „Die Einstellung: Jeder verdient eine zweite Chance, ist im Grunde ja ganz in Ordnung. Doch sollte da irgendwo eine Obergrenze gezogen werden. Eines weiß ich wesentlich genauer als andere: Wer e-inmal aus einer wie auch immer gearteten sexuellen
Motivation heraus gemordet hat, der trägt diese Fähigkeit für immer in sich. Ich bin mir sicher, dass jeder Sexualmörder bei sich bie-tender Gelegenheit wieder zuschlagen würde.“
Nicht therapierbar. Gust, Rieken, Diesterweg werden wahrscheinlich nie wieder in Freiheit kommen. Aber was ist mit den Kinderschändern und Sexualstraftätern, die nicht zu lebenslanger Haft verurteilt worden sind? Wölfe, die keine Namen in der Öffentlichkeit haben.
Einsperrung auf unbestimmte Zeit. Das hat schon 1882 der Völkerrechtsprofessor Franz von Liszt gefordert. Liszt, der für den Einsatz präventiver Maßnahmen im Strafvollzug eintrat, „die der Sicherung, Abschreckung und Besserung“ dienen soll-ten, hatte festgestellt, dass „die Rückfälligen die Meh-rheit der Verbrecher und die Unverbesserlichen die Meh-rheit der Rückfälligen aus-machen“. Gegen die Unver-besserlichen müsse man die Gesellschaft schützen. „Da wir köpfen und hängen nicht wollen und deportieren nicht können, so bleibt nur die Einsperrung auf unbestimmte Zeit.“
„Wegschließen - und zwar für immer“
„Im internationalen Maßstab ist es so, dass die deutschen Richter nicht so drakonisch zulangen können, auch bei Rückfalltätern nicht, wie das in manch anderen Ländern der Fall ist“, sagt Hans-
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Georg Koch, Leiter des Gu-tachtenreferats beim Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches und internatio-nales Strafrecht. In Amerika ist es in manchen Staaten möglich, dass Sexualstraftäter bis zum Le-bensende in Haft bleiben. In einigen Ländern kann die lebenslange Freiheitsstrafe auch bei Vergewaltigung oder Brandstiftung verhängt werden. In Dänemark sieht das Recht eine zwangsweise Verwahrung für gefährliche Straftäter vor. Der Zeitraum ist unbestimmt, Strafverfolgungsbehörden beobachten die Entwicklung der Verwahrten.
Ende der neunziger Jahre wurde in Deutschland die Höchstdauer der Sicherungs-verwahrung von zehn Jahren aufgehoben. 2001 sagte der damalige Bundeskanzler Ge-rhard Schröder: „Ich komme mehr und mehr zu der Auf-fassung, dass erwachsene Männer, die sich an kleinen Mädchen vergehen, nicht therapierbar sind. Deswegen kann es da nur eine Lösung geben: wegschließen - und zwar für immer.“ Im Jahr darauf verabschiedete der Bundestag ein Gesetz, das die im Urteil vorbehaltene und die nachträgliche Siche-rungsverwahrung vorsah.
Professor Rudolf Egg, Direk-tor der Kriminologischen Zentralstelle, sagt: „Sicherli-ch gibt es Personen, die so gefährlich sind, dass man sie, bitte sehr, nie mehr freilässt. Das muss zwar streng geprüft werden, aber wenn diese Prüfungen dann eben positiv
sind, dann dürfen die nicht mehr frei rumlaufen. Aber auch diese Straftäter haben natürlich immer noch Mens-chenrechte und einen Ans-pruch darauf, dass sie human untergebracht werden.“
Am 17. Dezember 2009 be-fand der Europäische Geri-chtshof für Menschenrechte die Praxis der nachträglichen Sicherungsverwahrung für menschenrechtswidrig. Me-hrere Männer kamen frei, zumindest zum Teil „ohne Rücksicht auf ihre Progno-se“, wie der Leiter der JVA Werl, Michael Skirl, über die Entlassungen dort sagte.
Etwa zwei Drittel der 500 in Sicherungsverwahrung be-findlichen Männer seien ni-cht therapierbar, sagt Oste-rheider. Sexualstraftäter mit schweren Sexualdelikten bis hin „zu sexuell motivierten Tötungen“, Gewaltstraftäter mit schwerster Körperverletzung, Totschlag und Mord.
Im vergangenen Mai erklärte das Bundesverfassungsgeri-cht die Vorschriften zur Si-cherungsverwahrung für ver-fassungswidrig. Es betonte: „Das Resozialisierungsgebot, dem das Bild des Grundge-setzes von einem zu freier Selbstbestimmung befähigten Menschen zugrunde liegt, gilt gleichermaßen für den Vollzug der Freiheitsstrafe und der Sicherungsverwa-hrung.“ Zudem bedürfe es eines „freiheitsorientierten Gesamtkonzepts der Siche-rungsverwahrung mit klarer therapeutischer Ausrichtung auf das Ziel, die von dem
Untergebrachten ausgehende Gefahr zu minimieren und auf diese Weise die Dauer der Freiheitsentziehung auf das unbedingt erforderliche Maß zu reduzieren“.
„Nicht alle Wölfe sind glei-ch“
„Wir haben es zumindest theoretisch bei den Siche-rungsverwahrten im Wesen-tlichen mit schweren Gewalt- und Sexualstraftätern zu tun, die aber psychiatrisch schon untersucht wurden und bei denen eine psychiatrische Erkrankung im engeren Sin-ne nicht festgestellt werden konnte. Das heißt, wenn jetzt gesagt wird, wir müssen de-nen Therapieangebote ma-chen, geht das natürlich an der Realität vorbei“, sagt Osterheider. Der vorherrs-chende Tenor, dass man je-dem ein Behandlungsangebot machen solle, sei aus ethis-chen Gründen nachvollzieh-bar, „es ist aber nicht bei allen realisierbar“.
Der Schweizer Journalist Eugen Sorg sagt: „In unseren westlichen Gesellschaften hat sich eine therapeutistische Sicht durchgesetzt. Handelt jemand böse, wird reflexartig nach einer Urkränkung, nach einer Urdemütigung gesucht, die sich in jenem Moment zeigt, in dem das ehemalige Opfer selbst zum Täter wird. Der Therapeutismus bes-timmt die Wahrnehmung der Welt und des menschlichen Verhaltens.“
Mehr als hundert Jahre vor den Brüdern Grimm hatte Charles Perrault „Le Petit
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Chaperon rouge“ veröffentlicht. Seine Geschi-chte endete mit dem Tod von Rotkäppchen. Der Wolf hatte bekommen, was er wollte. Eine Moral ließ Perrault noch folgen: „Man sieht hier, dass kleine Kinder, vor allem kleine Mädchen, schön, wo-hlgeschaffen und hübsch, schlecht daran tun, gewissen Leuten zuzuhören, und dass es nicht verwunderlich ist, wenn der Wolf so viele von ihnen frisst. Ich sage der Wolf, denn nicht alle Wölfe sind gleich. Es gibt auch sol-che, die freundlich sind, die ohne Lärm, ohne Gemeinheit und ohne Wut, sehr zurüc-khaltend, freundlich und
sanft den jungen Damen fol-gen bis zu ihren Häusern, bis in die Gassen. Aber o weh! Wer weiß nicht, dass diese sanften Wölfe von allen Wölfen die gefährlichsten sind.“
Psychopathen können unauffällig, sympathisch, charmant sein. Biedermänner. Aber in Wah-rheit sind sie kalt bis ins Herz. Einer dieser Männer ist Anfang Juli festgenommen worden. Er hat gestanden, die sieben Jahre alte Mary-Jane getötet zu haben, teilte die Kriminalpolizei Suhl mit. Das Mädchen aus Zella-Mehlis war am 24. Juni nicht
von der Schule nach Hause gekommen. Einen Tag später hatten Wanderer das tote Kind in einem Bach nahe der elterlichen Wohnung gefun-den. Bei dem Festgenomme-nen handelt es sich um einen 37 Jahre alten Bekannten der Mutter von Mary-Jane, der wegen Drogen- und Straßenverkehrsdelikten vor-bestraft ist. Laut den Ermit-tlern hat er das Mädchen in seiner Wohnung missbrau-cht. Sie sei im Bach ertrun-ken. Es habe „Gewalt gegen den Hals“ gegeben, die aber nicht tödlich war. Gegen den Mann erging Haftbefehl we-gen sexuellen Missbrauchs in Tateinheit mit Mord.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • LE FIGARO (FR) • ACTUALITÉ • 11/7/2011 • 02:45:00
Rumeurs: Pécresse tacle le PS Valérie Pécresse, invitée ce matin de RTL, est revenue sur les rumeurs qui circulent à l"encontre de Martine Au-bry. "Il faut condamner les rumeurs (...) Moi ca n"est pas ma conception de la politi-que. (...)", a-t-elle expliqué, avant de revenir sur l"attitude des socialistes. "Dans l"histoire récente, il y a eu des rumeurs très graves, no-tamment à l"encontre du gouvernement, dont le PS ne s"est pas beaucoup ému". Alors que l"UMP, de son côté, s"est montré réservé, a-t-elle tenu à rappeler. "Au-
jourd"hui, dans l"affaire DSK, regardez la retenue du gouvernement", s"est ainsi félicitée la ministre du bud-get, qui a conseillé à Martine Aubry de porter ces accusati-ons sur le terrain "judiciaire et pas politique". La ministre est par ailleurs revenue sur le principe de la "règle d"or", qui entend faire inscrire la règle de l"équilibre budgétaire dans le marbre de la Constitution. "La règle d"or c"est dire que l"équilibre budgétaire doit être assuré", a-t-elle expli-qué. "Nous sommes dans une
situation économique très difficile (...) On ne peut plus vivre au dessus de ses mo-yens. Les socialistes ne pour-ront plus se dérober sur cette question. Cette règle d"or, c"est la seule qui protégera les Français", a-t-elle pour-suivie. Interrogée sur la Libye, où la position française semble évoluer, en penchant notam-ment maintenant pour une solution politique, la ministre a simplement tenu à rappeler que "l"avenir de la libye s"écrira sans Kadhafi"
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • LE FIGARO (FR) • ÉCONOMIE • 11/7/2011 • 18:23:00
"Règle d'or": le Sénat adopte le texte Le Sénat a adopté en seconde lecture le projet de loi qui veut inscrire dans la Consti-tution la volonté et les mo-yens politiques de redresser les comptes publics, tout en revenant sur un point central de ce texte dit de la "règle d or", qui inquiétait les parle-mentaires.Le texte a été a-dopté par 180 voix contre 151 et il doit revenir de nou-veau devant l Assemblée nationale mercredi matin, pour un vote conforme. Le projet de loi "prévoit l instau-ration de lois-cadres d équili-bre des finances publiques, dont l objectif serait d assurer de façon pluriannuelle, l é-quilibre des comptes des ad-ministrations publiques".
"C est une loi de protection des générations futures, une loi anti-facilité contre la spi-rale de la dette", a déclaré la nouvelle ministre du Budget, Valérie Pécresse, qui a accu-sé la gauche d être "irrespon-sable" et de "voter contre la jeunesse de ce pays". Surtout, le Sénat a adopté un amendement de la commis-sion des Lois qui supprime le monopole des lois de finan-ces en matière de prélèvements obligatoires. En clair, cela signifiait qu aucune mesure liée à la fisca-lité n aurait pu être adoptée en dehors des projets de loi de finances ou de finance-ment de Sécurité sociale. Les parlementaires craignai-ent pour leur droit de déposer
des amendements. Selon la Constitution, leur droit d initiative est déjà limité, puisqu ils ne peuvent pas faire adopter des mesures qui aggravent la charge publique. Même en cas d adoption dans les mêmes termes mercredi à l Assemblée, le projet de loi de réforme Constitutionnelle devra encore être approuvé à la majorité de 3/5e des dépu-tés et des sénateurs réunis en Congrès à Versailles. A ce jour, aucune date n a été retenue pour cette convocati-on du Parlement en Congrès. L opposition doute que l exé-cutif prenne le risque de con-voquer le Parlement sans être sûr d obtenir la majorité re-quise.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE GUARDIAN (LO) • NEWS • 11/7/2011
Israel passes law banning citizens from calling for boycotts
Law for Prevention of Damage to State of Israel through Boycott means anyone propo-sing boycott could be sued Harriet Sherwood
The Israeli parliament toni-ght passed a law in effect banning citizens from calling for academic, consumer or cultural boycotts of Israel in a move denounced by its opponents as anti-democratic.
The " Law for Prevention of Damage to the State of Israel through Boycott" won a ma-jority of 47 to 38, despite strong opposition and an at-tempt to filibuster the six-hour debate. Prime minister Binyamin Netanyahu did not take part in the vote although the bill had the backing of the cabinet.
Under the terms of the new law, an individual or organi-sation proposing a boycott may be sued for compensati-on by any individual or insti-tution claiming that it could be damaged by such a call. Evidence of actual damage will not be required.
The law aims to protect indi-viduals and institutions in
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Israel and the Palestinian territory it has occupied, ille-gally under international law, since 1967.
It in effect bans consumer boycotts of goods produced in West Bank settlements, or of cultural or academic insti-tutions in settlements. It also prevents the government doing business with compa-nies that comply with boy-cotts.
Israeli civil rights groups immediately issued a letter of protest over the law.
Hassan Jabareen of Adalah, a legal centre for Israeli-Arab citizens, said: "Defining boy-cott as a civil wrong suggests that all Israelis have a legal responsibility to promote the economic advancement of the settlements in the occupi-ed Palestinian territories. This means that Israeli orga-nisations opposing the set-tlements as a matter of prin-ciple are in a trap: any settler can now constantly harass them, challenging them to publicly declare their positi-on on the boycott of settle-ments and threatening them with heavy compensation costs if they support it."
As debate on the bill opened in the Knesset, the Israeli parliament s legal adviser presented an opinion that parts of the proposed law were "borderline illegal".
"The broad definition of a boycott on the state of Israel is a violation of the core te-net of freedom of political expression and elements in
the proposed bill are border-line illegal," Eyal Yinon said.
Among the bill s opponents were dozens of Israeli intel-lectuals, including the cele-brated author Amos Oz, who issued a letter describing the proposed law as the "worst of the anti-democratic bills in the Knesset. The bill will turn law-abiding citizens into criminals".
According to the Association of civil rights in Israel, the bill constituted "a direct vio-lation of freedom of expres-sion". Following the vote, executive director Hagai El-Ad said: "The boycott law will lead to unprecedented harm to freedom of expres-sion in Israel and will bring justified criticism against Israel from abroad. We will all have to pay the price for this atrocious law."
Saeb Erekat, the Palestinian chief negotiator, said the bill would punish those who "re-fuse to recognise the illegal situation associated with Is-rael s settlement enterprise in occupied Palestinian terri-tory".
The bill s sponsor, Ze ev Elkin of the rightwing Likud party, said Israel had been dealing for years with boy-cotts by Arab states but the domestic boycott movement was a "travesty". The law was not intended to silence people but to "protect the citizens of Israel", he said.
"If the state of Israel does not protect itself, we will have no moral right to ask our allies
for protection from such boycotts."
Before the vote, Elkin told the pro-settlement news web-site Arutz Sheva: "I hope the [legislators] will understand that this is a battle between Zionism and the new left."
The law follows moves to boycott a cultural centre and a university in the huge West Bank settlement of Ariel, and the contractual agreement of some Israeli companies not to use material originating in settlements in work on the new Palestinian city of Ra-wabi.
Campaigners also claim that consumer boycotts against produce and goods origina-ting in settlements are gro-wing both in Israel and abro-ad.
There has been a raft of pro-posals over recent years de-nounced by opponents as anti-democratic, including the withdrawal of financing for Israeli films deemed to be critical of government polici-es and attempts to restrict the international funding of campaigning groups.
The Israeli left and rights groups claim the proposals represent a growing intole-rance of dissent in Israel, encouraged by rightwing parties which claim political activity against government policy is part of a campaign of "de-legitimisation" of the Jewish state.
Civil rights groups said they would challenge the new law
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in the courts, putting a spo-tlight on Israel s 44-year oc-cupation. A national cam-
paign was due to be launched by activists .
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE GUARDIAN (LO) • NEWS • 11/7/2011
The Rt Rev Michael Evans obituary
Forthright Catholic bishop who embraced unpopular causes Peter Stanford
As vocations to the Catholic priesthood have all but dried up in western Europe, most church leaders have preferred to bury their heads in the sand and hope that divine providence will provide an answer to empty altars. Mi-chael Evans, bishop of East Anglia, who has died aged 59 of prostate cancer, was one of the few who chose to ad-dress the issue head-on. His diocese, covering Norfolk, Suffolk and Cambridgeshire, is one of the largest geogra-phically in the English Ca-tholic church, but – despite the presence in its midst of the ancient Marian shrine at Walsingham – has one of the smallest congregations of regular worshippers. Just 4% of its population is Catholic, against a national average nearer 10.
With a dwindling band of priests to serve a large num-ber of small parishes and no vocations, Evans decided to push through a painful pro-cess of amalgamations and closures. Announcing a con-sultation with local Catho-lics, he caused offence by writing to the parishes that he
intended to "throw some chilli peppers into your sa-lad".
And he was true to his word. Despite its upbeat title, A Community of Welcome, his plan for reorganisation, pu-blished in 2006, caused con-troversy among those most directly affected. He was accused by some of being "a man in a hurry", willing to disturb long-established pat-terns of worship without suf-ficiently understanding them. The charge of acting quickly was one he did not deny, though he pointed out that "the hurry is not caused by me".
His remarks on the lack of priests in an article the previ-ous year in the Tablet, the Catholic weekly, were equal-ly unwelcome among those who hankered back to a "golden age". For them E-vans committed the cardinal sin of suggesting that the heyday of vocations in the 1940s and 1950s, when every presbytery had three or four resident clergy, may have been an unhappy time becau-se it allowed Catholic pari-shes to fragment round parti-cular priests rather than co-
ming together as a single body.
Not by nature a cautious man, Evans was unusual a-mong his fellow bishops in his willingness to say unpo-pular things and embrace unpopular causes. After 30 years as a member of Am-nesty International, several of them on its council, he made headlines when he resigned from the organisation in 2007 when it shifted from its hi-therto neutral position on abortion to include a woman s freedom to choose to end her pregnancy on a list of essential human rights. A-bortion is banned in all cir-cumstances by the Catholic church.
The previous year Evans had joined a group of Anglican bishops in demanding that the prime minister, Tony Blair, provide compensation for victims of Gulf war syn-drome. And he made a point of speaking up for travelling people when they faced pre-judice and exclusion from local communities.
Born in south London, Evans grew up in Kent and was one of the last to go on to training
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for the priesthood straight from school. As a seminary vice-rector, he was later a-mong those urging potential recruits to do precisely the opposite – experience the world before signing up. Or-dained in 1975, he went on to take a master s in theology at Heythrop College, London University – he was one of the best theologians among the Catholic bishops – before returning to teach at his old seminary, St John s, Woner-sh, in Surrey. He spent six years from 1987 as a univer-sity chaplain in south Lon-don before taking on a large parish in Tunbridge Wells, Kent.
He had, however, caught the Vatican s eye with his work on the unfashionable subject of improving Catholic-Methodist relations and was appointed in 2003 as bishop of East Anglia, an offer he accepted, he said, "with a
joyful though nervous yes". His commitment to ecume-nism remained strong. He was one of four co-presidents of the Christian Muslim Fo-rum set up in 2006 by the archbishop of Canterbury. And he was a vocal supporter of moves to canonise Oscar Romero, the archbishop of San Salvador murdered at his altar by soldiers in 1980. The Vatican had long resisted naming Romero a saint be-cause it saw his championing of the rights of the poor as too political, but under pres-sure from Evans, among many others, Rome is now relenting.
In person, Evans combined the down-to-earth (he was a passionate supporter of Le-eds United football club) with the refined (he was an admirer of the music of Shostakovich). When he was diagnosed with cancer in 2005 and given a gloomy
prognosis, he chose to follow the example of Cardinal Ba-sil Hume, eschewing traditi-onal clerical secrecy around such matters and sharing the news with his diocese. He remained wholly committed to his work and unshakeably strong in his faith to the end.
In January, he wrote to all Catholics in his diocese to share with them his consul-tants verdict that he had only weeks to live. "I am as prepa-red for that as I can be, ac-cepting it as a gift of God s grace … I am sorry for any ways I have failed in my mi-nistry during these years. There remain a number of difficulties on my desk which will need to be handled by others."
• Michael Evans, priest, born 10 August 1951; died 11 July 2011
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE GUARDIAN (LO) • TRAVEL • 11/7/2011
Rio de Janeiro aims to become world capital of gay tourism
Brazilian city s diversity week follows series of gay-friendly government schemes to capi-talise on growing market Tom Phillips
The theatre lights dim and a Brazilian supermodel takes to the stage, tanned legs e-merging from a skintight miniskirt.
In the audience, an A to Z of Rio de Janeiro s great and good: pop stars, sports stars,
soap stars and would-be stars, flanked by an army of local paparazzi. Clutching a microphone, the model ad-dresses the crowd. "My name is Lea and I am a transsexu-al," she says, triggering a frenzy of applause and whis-tles.
The model in question is Lea T, Brazil s first transsexual supermodel. And this is the champagne-soaked launch party for Rio s inaugural di-versity week – a celebration of the city s cultural and eth-nic differences and an at-tempt to position Rio as the global capital of gay tourism.
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"Rio is a city without preju-dice," beams Eduardo Paes, the city s mayor, as he arri-ves at the event. "It is an o-pen city that accepts every-thing with an open heart."
Recent months have seen an avalanche of new lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT)-friendly initiatives in Rio: vocational training courses for transvestites, an-ti-bullying projects aimed at gay and lesbian students and new legislation outlawing discrimination in the city s nightclubs.
In February the mayor an-nounced the creation of a special diversity secretariat headed by Carlos Tufvesson, a gay, multilingual fashion designer.
Rio, says Tufvesson, is not only "the sexiest destination on Earth" but also a place where tolerance is natural. Just as the city staged impor-tant protests against the mili-tary dictatorship during the 1960s, Rio is again blazing a trail for civil rights, he beli-eves.
The initiatives are also a po-tential moneyspinner. Last year, 25% of Rio s tourists, or around 880,000 people, were gay. The city s tourist board hopes to drive that number even higher and has published glossy, rainbow-
coloured brochures packed with pictures of muscle-bound men and slogans ur-ging tourists to "live the Rio sensation".
"Personally I think that an-yone who wants to make money could open any kind of gay establishment in Rio because it is a dead cert re-turn," says Tufvesson. "The-re is a big demand for this market still. Rio is now part of the gay calendar."
In 2007 Buenos Aires stole a march on Rio, opening what it claimed was Latin America s first luxury gay hotel.
But Rio is a "naturally" LGBT-friendly city, Tufves-son says, making "ghettoisa-tion" unnecessary.
"Do we need to have gay restaurants? Gay food? Gay waiters? Here in Rio, my love, you can [kiss anywhe-re]. Otherwise we ll go there and close them down. Our municipal laws are strong."
Resistance to the government s progressive stance remains, predominantly among the religious right. Earlier this month, one Catholic MP at-tacked attempts to alter state legislation that would crimi-nalise discrimination.
"Look, if we are all equal, with the same rights, I also have to have the right to not
want a homosexual employee in my company," the MP said, before being forced to make a public retraction by fellow politicians.
Silas Malafaia, a prominent local evangelist, went a step further last year, erecting 600 advertising hoardings around Rio emblazoned with the phrase "In defence of the family and the preservation of the human race: God made men and women".
But activists irritation at such actions is matched by praise for the government s increa-singly vocal support for gay rights.
"It s really incredible that Brazil – a place that they call a third world country – is doing something that few first world countries have done," Lea T says back at the launch of Rio s diversity we-ek, which has come weeks after the state government organised what it called "the largest gay wedding in the world".
At the reception local politi-cians and 43 ecstatic newly-wed couples celebrated with a rendition of Frank Sinatra s Theme from New York, New York. The singer? Jane Di Castro, one of the city s best-known transvestites.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE GUARDIAN (LO) • NEWS • 11/7/2011
Libya: Paris denies claims it is in direct talks with Muammar Gaddafi
The country s foreign ministry insists claims by Gaddafi s son are unfounded and that Libyan leader must go Ian Black
France has denied claims that it has changed its policy to-wards the Libyan conflict and is negotiating directly with the regime of Muammar Gaddafi, but has called for political flexibility over the terms and timing of his de-parture.
The country s foreign minis-try said on Monday that the Libyan leader must go and insisted there were no direct negotiations with him, as claimed by his son.
The comments followed an interview in which the Fren-ch defence minister, Gérard Longuet, urged the rebels to talk to the government in Tripoli. "We have … asked them to speak to each other," he said on BFM TV on Sun-day.
"The position of the TNC [rebel Transitional National Council] is very far from other positions. Now, there will be a need to sit around a table."
Asked if it was possible to hold talks if Gaddafi had not left office, Longuet replied: "He will be in another room in his palace with another title."
Representatives of the TNC said there had been no chan-ge and dismissed a claim by the leader s son, Saif al-Islam, that Libya was negoti-ating with France.
"The truth is that we are ne-gotiating with France and not with the rebels," Saif al-Islam said in an interview with the Algerian newspaper al-Khabar. "Our envoy to [Nicolas] Sarkozy said that the French president was very clear and told him: We created the [rebel] council, and without our support, and money, and our weapons, the council would have never existed. France said: When we reach an agreement with you [Tripoli], we will force the council to cease fire. "
Gaddafi s chief of staff, Ba-shir Saleh, reportedly met French officials in Paris re-cently. But foreign ministry spokesman Bernard Valero said on Monday: "France supports a political solution, as it has always said. There are no direct negotiations between France and the Gad-dafi regime, though we pass on messages together in con-sultation with the TNC."
Guma el-Gamaty, a London-based spokesman for the TNC, also dismissed the Libyan claims. "It s just ru-mours and speculation," he
said. "These are recycled ideas. Saif is a loose cannon at the moment. He is despe-rate. No one should take his statements seriously."
Any shift by France would be significant since it and Britain are bearing the brunt of Nato s bombing campaign.
British officials said there was now a new emphasis on finding a political exit from the crisis, an issue that is being quietly explored by the UN special envoy for Libya, the Jordanian Abdel-Ilah al-Khatib, who held talks in Tripoli over the weekend about "managing a transiti-on". The sequence of a cea-sefire and Gaddafi s departu-re has yet to be worked out and has been complicated by the arrest warrant for crimes against humanity issued by the international Criminal Court.
"It s not a change of tack but it is about exploring what a political solution would look like," said one diplomat.
Nato s unity and determinati-on over the Libyan crisis has been called into question by a recent Italian call for a sus-pension of attacks after civi-lian deaths caused by alliance errors.
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In the background there is mounting concern and impa-tience in London and Paris that nearly four months of air strikes that have cost billions of dollars have failed to see a rebel victory or the removal of Gaddafi.
The US was quick to signal that it was not prepared to leave Gaddafi in place. "The Libyan people will be the ones to decide how this tran-sition takes place, but we stand firm in our belief that Gaddafi cannot remain in power," the state department insisted in a statement.
International action on Libya intensifies this week with a meeting between the TNC and Nato and EU officials in Brussels and a new session of the international contact group in Istanbul on Friday.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE GUARDIAN (LO) • NEWS • 11/7/2011
NHS waiting times: one woman s agonising delay
A special needs teacher says the wait she endured for surgery on her back problem was inhumane and unspeakable Denis Campbell
Mary Salisbury, a retired special needs teacher, was advised to have back surgery in June 2010. But the opera-tion did not happen until March 2011, even though NHS rules say it should have been carried out within 18 weeks.
"My back trouble began in 2009. I had an MRI scan in February 2010 at St Mary s hospital in Newport on the Isle of Wight, where I live. But I then had to wait until early June to see the consul-tant, as he only visits the island once a month from Southampton. He immedia-tely recommended an opera-tion called a laminectomy to relieve the pressure on the nerve between my fourth and fifth vertebrae, which was being crushed and causing me severe pain, a condition called a lumbar stenosis.
"The consultant said the wai-ting time was about 12 we-eks. First, I was told the sur-gery should be in September or October, and then No-vember or December. But I was never given a definite date. Every time I rang Sou-thampton General hospital the operation receded further and further into the distance. Just before Christmas, I was told it would be 31 January, but that was cancelled. So were three subsequent opera-tions, two of them on the day after I d stayed in Southamp-ton the night before and arri-ved as instructed at 7.30am.
"The surgery finally happe-ned on 23 March this year – 42 weeks after I d first seen the consultant, but a year and six weeks after I d had the MRI scan. I ve been sorted now, happily. But the wait I had to endure for treatment was inhumane and unspea-kable. I was in a lot of pain, but I wasn t being treated.
They said priority cases were being treated. Why wasn t I a priority? I was in serious pain and distress, couldn t sleep properly and became depressed. I d always been a healthy person and never needed the NHS beforehand. Yet when I needed it, it wasn t there for me.
"That long wait was comple-tely outrageous. It took a year out of my life and had a huge impact. I couldn t travel to see my children in the nor-th of England or even go up to London to see exhibitions, which I love. I wondered: will this wait ever end?
"I should have been treated within 18 weeks: that s in the NHS Constitution. But nei-ther my doctor, the hospital or primary care trust told me that . Why not?
"I m angry with the health secretary Andrew Lansley for saying that the 18-week
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treatment target wasn t effec-tive. He airily dismissed it as unimportant and said the NHS didn t need to abide by
it. In fact, 18 weeks would be absolutely fine – if they abi-ded by it. The government must know that a lot of peo-
ple are waiting way over the 18 weeks in pain and dis-tress, like me, but they just aren t admitting it."
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE GUARDIAN (LO) • CULTURE • 11/7/2011
The Earl of Harewood obituary
Grandson of George V whose work with English National Opera helped transform Briti-sh attitudes Tom Sutcliffe
George Lascelles, the seven-th Earl of Harewood, who has died aged 88, was unusu-al for a member of the royal family in deserving a subs-tantial obituary on account of what he did rather than who he was. His overriding con-cern was to help transform British people s attitude to opera, most notably through his work as managing direc-tor of Sadler s Wells Opera (1972-85), via its change of name in 1974 to English Na-tional Opera (ENO) and then as chairman (1986-95). The company, built up by Lilian Baylis during the 1930s, had moved from the Sadler s Wells theatre in north Lon-don to the larger and more central London Coliseum in 1968, and the new title he obtained for it further enhan-ced its status. His previous experience had been at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, first as a member of the board (1951-53, and aga-in 1969-72), then as casting manager on the staff (1953-60).
The fact that he succeeded Stephen Arlen, the force be-
hind the move to the Coli-seum, in charge of the Engli-sh-language company – on Arlen s unexpected death – was a huge endorsement of the policy that Sadler s Wells Opera had been following. It was acquiring a reputation for grand opera and Wagner, for serious singing and con-ducting, that had often been snobbishly regarded as the preserve of Covent Garden.
The competition between the Wells and Sir Georg Solti s Garden, which faintly echoed the royal operatic rows in-volving Lord Harewood s Hanoverian forebears in Handel s day, was good for opera in Britain generally: the Ring cycle conducted by Reginald Goodall in the 1970s, with Norman Bailey, Rita Hunter and Alberto Re-medios, was the jewel in the crown of what became the ENO: but the regent wearing that crown was Harewood. Another fruitful collaboration was with Charles Mackerras, the great pioneer of Janacek and music director from 1970 to 1977, whom Harewood regarded as "probably the most complete opera conduc-
tor of his generation". As managing director of English National Opera North (1978-81), he established a new base in Leeds. Outside the opera house, Harewood was artistic director of the Edin-burgh festival (1961-65), the Leeds festival (1958-74), and the Adelaide festival in Aus-tralia (1988).
His career coincided with the creation of a proper British operatic tradition by Benja-min Britten, virtually single-handed and against all the odds. The peer s patronage of the arts was not just decora-tive or social, but positively enabling. Thanks to his first wife, the pianist Marion Ste-in, daughter of Britten s pu-blisher Erwin Stein, Harewo-od enjoyed a close friendship with the composer, who was 10 years his senior, and his partner, Peter Pears.
Harewood s sincere com-mitment to music and opera, and his acquaintance with many other singers, musici-ans and composers, made a real difference. He was, after all, one of the few royals who genuinely valued British music and knew a great deal
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about it. As Queen Elizabeth herself once put it to the ge-neral director, Peter Jonas, in the royal retiring room at the London Coliseum, on a rare royal visit to the ENO when Harewood was chairman of the company, but equally rarely when her cousin was unavailable to greet her, "Funny thing about George. You know, in most respects he s perfectly normal."
Harewood s innate sympathy for the arts developed into a powerful practical force. He founded Opera magazine in 1950, and also edited, and thoroughly revised, Kobbé s Complete Opera Book (1954) – having damningly reviewed an earlier edition in Opera.
Harewood was in the line of succession to the throne be-cause his mother, Princess Mary, was George V s only daughter, and Princess Ro-yal. When he was born, his grandfather, the fifth Earl, still presided at Harewood House, the beautiful 18th-century Adam family seat off the road between Leeds and Harrogate. George was born in Mayfair, in Chesterfield House at the bottom of South Audley Street – the family s London residence, given up for a more modest "grace and favour" address in Green Street when he was eight. But his childhood was mos-tly spent in Yorkshire, and at Harewood after his father, the sixth Earl, inherited the title in 1929.
It was an idyllic interwar childhood . George and his
younger brother Gerald enjo-yed country pursuits, were coached in cricket by the Yorkshire and England pla-yer Herbert Sutcliffe, and entertained at Windsor by their royal grandparents. He was sent away to school at nine, and added a love of football to his liking for cric-ket.
The two Lascelles boys took part in royal ceremonial such as their grandfather s funeral procession in 1936 and the proclamation of King George VI after the abdication of his elder brother, Edward VIII. George was at Eton college when he was called upon to be a page at the subsequent coronation. He enjoyed his schooldays, won the history prize at prep school, loved music, but never progressed much at the keyboard.
At the age of 19, he was commissioned as a Grenadier Guards officer, and was se-verely wounded and then captured in the Italian cam-paign. He passed through a series of Italian hospitals and German PoW camps, ending up for a time in Colditz be-cause of his "prominent rela-tions", which was a formati-ve experience, though less democratic than it might ha-ve been, since his fellow pri-soners were also all well-connected. In the Spangen-berg camp, near Kassel, he read Grove s Dictionary of Music and Musicians as far as the letter S.
From his mid-teens, he sei-zed every opportunity to at-tend performances. Privile-
ged status gave him an entree to the world he sought to work in, but somehow he managed to combine being a director of the Royal Opera House with doing a kind of rapid apprenticeship as an administrative assistant who was soon heavily involved in casting.
Harewood was, as he admit-ted in his autobiography The Tongs and the Bones (1981), a fundamentally shy man. No doubt this helped foster his considerable ability as a lis-tener. His fascination with performers such as Maria Callas, whom he engaged for many roles at Covent Gar-den, was not the deference of a fan, but the grateful friend-ship of somebody who really knew what the adoption of an artificial role could cost and what benefit it might bring people. He once, in the early 1960s, spent the better part of a whole night driving Carlo Maria Giulini – who had just conducted the young Luciano Pavarotti in Rigoletto – a-round Rome. The maestro was so wound up he could not go to bed, and needed somebody to talk to.
Born into the line of the Bri-tish succession, Harewood was, by contrast and choice, a retainer in the world of music and theatre. In a sense he saw the performing arts as a form of mediation very little different from that of Constitutional monarchy, on whose periphery he was rai-sed. He was fascinated du-ring his time at ENO with operas that dealt with regents and courts.
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The leadership he provided in the arts was very much that of a presiding Constitu-tional monarch, whose mo-ments of positive interventi-on were considered, tactful and carefully supportive of the creative and vital talents with which he was associa-ting. To understand him, ac-cording to the so-called "Po-wer House" team that he brought to prominence at ENO – music director Mark Elder, artistic director David Pountney and Jonas – you had to realise that he took genuine pleasure in the time he spent getting to know per-formers. Well-read, sensitive, and highly intelligent rather than intellectual, he was un-sentimental in dealing with people. But he adored obser-ving how artists felt and thought.
He particularly appreciated the company and character of mezzos and sopranos, just as he loved shooting and fishing and enjoying his Yorkshire estate. Both his wives were musicians – he moved from a pianist to a violinist, and was devoted to his Australian second wife, Patricia Tuck-well, the sister of the horn-player Barry Tuckwell, whom he encountered while at Milan airport.
He treated people with res-pect and civility – though he could pull rank. He had a breadth of vision and sympa-thy, both rare and welcome in the music business. His love of travel and foreign landscapes, as well as of his native Yorkshire, meant that
his leadership had a relaxed and open quality different from the hard focus of more meritocratic managers and impresarios. He would say, at ENO meetings, "I will lie down in the road over this one," if a project dear to his heart seemed threatened. His commitment to the new was unwavering. ENO s reputati-on for daring in its 1980s production style did not al-ways lead to shows he could endorse, but he never questi-oned the policy of renewal.
His renewed enthusiasm for football coincided with his time working on casting at Covent Garden. Just before Christmas 1961, he became president of Leeds United, the team he had supported as a boy. The club at that time was at the bottom of the se-cond division and threatened with relegation. The impro-vement in its fortunes over the following years was not down to Harewood primarily, but to a local businessman, Harry Reynolds, who a few weeks later became its cha-irman. Don Revie had asked Reynolds for a letter of re-commendation to work at another club as player-manager – but instead Rey-nolds brought him in as ma-nager.
In 1964 they were second-division champions, and a year later they nearly toppled Manchester United at the top of the first. Revie, Harewood wrote, "welded together an ensemble – that is what a team is – which was the envy of others, and he and I used
sometimes to talk into the night about how you build football teams and operatic ensembles and then inspire them so that the whole is greater than the sum of the parts".
Harewood was president of the English Football Associa-tion when England won the World Cup in 1966. He was also the first royal in modern times to obtain a divorce and then remarry – with the ne-cessary permission from the Queen under the Royal Mar-riages Act, 1772. He and Patricia finally married, in the US for reasons of legal convenience, in 1967, three years after the birth of their son Mark, and a few days after the divorce had come through. By Marion he had had three sons.
George – as colleagues called him – was unconventional, though not quite as unclass-conscious as he was someti-mes assumed to be. Opera in English, and opera in Britain, benefited from his far-sighted leadership. He was the right royal, in the right place, at the right time. Inde-ed the only thing that was not right about him was his poli-tics, which were liberal and democratic. He is survived by Patricia and his four sons.
• George Henry Hubert Las-celles, 7th Earl of Harewood, opera administrator, festival director and writer, born 7 February 1923; died 11 July 2011
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE GUARDIAN (LO) • COMMENT IS FREE • 11/7/2011
Let them eat doughnuts: the US response to Bahrain s oppression
While the west averts its eyes, Bahrain s people are subjected to brutal suppression Mehdi Hasan
Pity the poor people of Ba-hrain. They have been shot, beaten, tear-gassed – and patronised. On 7 March, at the height of the pro-democracy protests in the tiny Gulf island kingdom, a crowd gathered outside the US embassy in Manama, the capital, carrying signs that read "Stop supporting dicta-tors" and "Give me liberty or give me death". A US em-bassy official emerged from the building with a box of doughnuts for the protesters, prompting a cleric in the crowd to remark: "These sweets are a good gesture, but we hope it is translated into practical actions."
It hasn t been. Syria was sub-jected to sanctions and Libya to air strikes; Bahrain, howe-ver, was rewarded with visits from the Pentagon s two most senior officials – the chairman of the joint chiefs of staff, Mike Mullen, and the then defence secretary, Robert Gates. Disgracefully, at the same time as peaceful protesters were being roun-ded up and imprisoned, both men offered full-throated endorsements of King Ha-mad Bin Isa al-Khalifa s bru-tal regime.
The Sunni Khalifas have ruled Shia-majority Bahrain – officially a Constitutional
monarchy – since 1783. Ba-hrain s prime minister since 1971, Prince Khalifa bin Salman al-Khalifa – the king s uncle – has the dubious distinction of being the lon-gest-serving unelected prime minister in the world. Unem-ployment stands at 15% – the highest in the Gulf – and Shias have long complained of discrimination and disen-franchisement.
The Arab spring reached Bahrain on Valentine s Day; protesters – both Sunni and Shia – arrived in Manama s Pearl Square on 14 February to demand political free-doms, democratic reforms and greater equality for the Shia majority. They were met with rubber bullets and teargas; three days later secu-rity forces switched to live ammunition. Within a few weeks some 2,000 Sunni soldiers from Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emira-tes had arrived in Bahrain, at the invitation of the Khalifas, to impose martial law – and, in doing so, poured oil on the fire of sectarian tensions.
Since February at least 30 protesters have been killed and more than 500 people detained, four of whom died in suspicious circumstances. Meanwhile, up to 2,000 peo-ple across the country have been dismissed or suspended from work – almost all of
them Shia. According to an investigation by al-Jazeera, 28 Shia mosques and religi-ous institutions have been destroyed by the authorities.
Few have been spared the wrath of the Khalifas. Last week friends and relatives of the Bahraini football stars A ala Hubail and his brother Mohammed claim they were beaten and threatened in cus-tody after being arrested in March for their participation in the protests. "You are Bri-tish: imagine David Bec-kham gets arrested and tortu-red. It s unthinkable," a fri-end of Hubail told the Times.
The Orwellian regime in Manama continues to round up people for the most minor of "offences". Last month, for example, the 20-year-old university student Ayat al-Qarmezi was arrested, as-saulted and sentenced to a year in prison – by a military court – for reading out a po-em criticising the king at a rally.
Yet western leaders and journalists continue to cal-lously avert their eyes. Those who itched to drop bombs on Libya have little to say about Bahrain – Misrata, yes; Ma-nama, no. Bahrain is "com-plicated", say our leaders. It isn t. A king has turned his security forces on his own subjects. And the reason the
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US hasn t come out against him is as cynical as it is sim-ple: Sunni-led Bahrain is a strategic ally of the US, a counterweight to Shia-led Iran, and home to the US navy s fifth fleet. Syria isn t. Neither is Libya.
Since September 2001 Ba-hrain has been a key Middle East collaborator in America s so-called war on terror; in 2002 it was designated a ma-jor non-Nato ally by George Bush. And, on a visit to Ma-nama last December – two months before the Khalifas began killing their people – Hillary Clinton, the US se-cretary of state, called Bahra-in a "model partner" and said she was "very impressed by the progress that Bahrain is making on all fronts – eco-nomically, politically, social-ly".
Since February, the failure of western governments to do anything more than go throu-gh the motions of "condem-ning" the violence by Bahra-in s rulers has been a dismal vindication for those of us who have long maintained that in the clash between our interests and our values, the former almost always trump the latter. Nonetheless, the sheer brazenness with which our elected leaders have con-tinued to cosy up to, and apo-logise for, Bahrain s tyrants, is startling. Referring to the Obama administration s deci-sion to emphasise "stability
over majority rule", a US official was quoted in March as saying: "Everybody reali-sed that Bahrain was just too important to fail."
Meanwhile, our queen invi-ted King Hamad to the royal wedding in April, and our prime minister, David Came-ron, welcomed Crown Prince Sheikh Salman bin Hamad bin Isa al-Khalifa to London in May, greeting him on the doorstep of No 10 with a firm handshake and bringing a whole new meaning to the phrase "blood on our hands".
The blood, however, is on all our hands. Successive British governments have supplied the Khalifas with submachi-neguns, sniper rifles, smoke canisters, stun grenades, tear gas and riot shields. These have been deployed, with murderous effect, against unarmed civilians in Pearl Square and Shia villages a-cross Bahrain.
Defenders of the Khalifas say it is wrong to compare coun-tries in the Middle East; Ba-hrain is not Syria, they argue, and the Khalifas are not the Assads. Yet as Joshua Lan-dis, a Middle East expert at Oklahoma University, says: "Bahrain has killed twice as many of its citizens as Syria has, if one adjusts for popula-tion size."
But Bahrain s crimes are ignored and forgotten; in
recent days, the US and UK governments have heaped praise on the government-sponsored "national dialo-gue" between the royal fa-mily and opposition. It is, however, a cruel charade. "How can there be real dia-logue when most [of the op-position] is in jail?" says Kristin Diwan, a Gulf specia-list at American University in Washington DC. In fact, of 300 invited participants, just five are from the main Shia opposition party, al-Wefaq, which gained 60% of the vote in last year s parliamen-tary election. The govern-ment, meanwhile, has invol-ved a huge number of diverse organisations to try to dilute opposition voices. What con-tribution, for instance, will the Bahrain Astronomical Society make to discussions on democratic reform? "It is a joke," Said Shehabi, a Lon-don-based member of the Bahrain Freedom Movement, tells me. "It makes a moc-kery of dialogue."
It is bad enough that we hel-ped arm and equip the brutes of Bahrain and then turned a blind eye to their violence and torture; we must not now allow our leaders to endorse this farcical "national dialo-gue" or further patronise the country s bloodied and batte-red opposition. Bahrainis need democracy, not dough-nuts.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • NATIONAL • 11/7/2011
Overriding the Jury in Capital Cases By ADAM LIPTAK WASHINGTON — Alabama allows judges to reject sen-tencing decisions from capi-tal juries, which sounds like a sensible idea. You might want a mature and dispassio-nate jurist standing between a wounded community’s im-pulse toward vengeance and a defendant at risk of execu-tion. “If you didn’t have some-thing like that,” said Judge Ferrill D. McRae, who spent 40 years on the bench in Mo-bile before he retired in 2006, “a jury with no experience in other cases would be making the ultimate decision, based on nothing. The judge has seen many, many cases, not just one.” Judge McRae, chatting on the phone the other day, re-called having breakfast with Justice Thurgood Marshall at an American Bar Association meeting not long after the Supreme Court reinstated the death penalty in 1976. Justice Marshall was a fierce opponent of the death pe-nalty. But, according to Jud-ge McRae, the justice also saw the wisdom of the over-ride system. “He thought it was better that someone who had seen more than one case was making the decision,” Judge McRae said. What Justice Marshall pro-bably did not anticipate, though, was that judges in Alabama would not use their
power for mercy — that they would, in fact, be even tou-gher than juries. Since 1976, according to a new report, Alabama judges have rejec-ted sentencing recommenda-tions from capital juries 107 times. In 98 of those cases, or 92 percent of them, judges imposed the death penalty after juries had called for a life sentence. More than 20 percent of the people on death row in Ala-bama are there because of such overrides, according to the report, from the Equal Justice Initiative, a nonprofit law firm that represents poor people and prisoners. The overrides in Alabama contri-buted to the highest per capi-ta death sentencing rate in the nation, far outstripping Texas. Judge McRae himself orde-red six defendants executed notwithstanding jury verdicts calling for life sentences, more than any other judge in Alabama in the modern his-tory of capital punishment. But he never rejected a jury’s recommendation of death. Judge McRae said he had tried to determine, in the words of an Alabama law, whether the crime in question was “especially heinous, a-trocious or cruel.” Having seen a lot of cases helped him make that decision, he said. “Juries don’t know,” he said, “what is ‘especially heinous, atrocious or cruel.’ ”
Alabama judges have justifi-ed their decisions to override in favor of death on other grounds as well. Judge Dale Segrest, who retired in 2001, said he had rejected one jury’s recommendation that a white defendant’s life be spared on the ground of raci-al equality. “If I had not im-posed the death sentence, I would have sentenced three black people to death and no white people,” he said at a sentencing hearing in 2000. Judge Charles C. Partin, who sat in Bay Minette, said the defendant before him was probably not mentally disa-bled, a factor that may have figured in the jury’s life ver-dict. “The sociological litera-ture suggests that Gypsies intentionally test low on standard I.Q. tests,” he wrote in a 1990 sentencing order. Florida and Delaware also allow overrides, but they are subject to strict standards. No one has been sentenced to death in Florida as a result of a judicial override since 1999, and no one is on death row in Delaware as a conse-quence of an override. The most recent override in favor of death in Alabama was in March. Judges in Delaware are appo-inted and generally use their authority to reject death sen-tences. Alabama judges are elected, often running on tough-on-crime platforms.
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Overrides are more common in election years. “Not surprisingly, given the political pressures they face, judges are far more likely than juries to impose the dea-th penalty,” Justice John Paul Stevens wrote in a 1995 dis-sent from a decision that u-pheld Alabama’s capital sen-tencing system. Much has changed in sentencing law since then, and it is not clear that the system would survi-ve a new look from the Su-preme Court. One thing that is clear is that Justice Marshall, whatever he
said at breakfast, was appal-led by how things turned out in Alabama. “It approaches the most literal sense of the word ‘arbitrary,’ ” he wrote in a 1988 dissent, “to put one to death in the face of a con-trary jury determination whe-re it is accepted that the jury had indeed responsibly carri-ed out its task.” Alabama jurors are not nota-bly squeamish about the dea-th penalty, and those opposed to it are automatically exclu-ded from service. Deliberati-ons can be agonizing, former jurors say, adding that they
would expect their recom-mendations to count. William Davis, who served on a capital jury that voted for a life sentence, said he did not see the point of the exercise after a judge dismis-sed the jury’s unanimous recommendation as “not helpful.” “If the judge is going to o-verrule the jury,” he said in a court hearing in Montgo-mery last year, “then you don’t need a jury. The jury don’t serve a purpose.”
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • NATIONAL • 11/7/2011
Polygamist, Under Scrutiny in Utah, Plans Suit to Challenge Law
By JOHN SCHWARTZ
Kody Brown is a proud polygamist, and a relatively famous one. Now Mr. Brown, his four wives and 16 children and stepchildren are going to court to keep from being punished for it.
The family is the focus of a reality TV show, “Sister Wi-ves,” that first appeared in 2010. Law enforcement offi-cials in the Browns’ home state, Utah, announced soon after the show began that the family was under investigati-on for violating the state law prohibiting polygamy.
On Wednesday, the Browns are expected to file a lawsuit
to challenge the polygamy law.
The lawsuit is not demanding that states recognize polyga-mous marriage. Instead, the lawsuit builds on a 2003 Uni-ted States Supreme Court decision, Lawrence v. Texas, which struck down state so-domy laws as unConstituti-onal intrusions on the “inti-mate conduct” of consenting adults. It will ask the federal courts to tell states that they cannot punish polygamists for their own “intimate con-duct” so long as they are not breaking other laws, like those regarding child abuse, incest or seeking multiple marriage licenses.
Mr. Brown has a civil marri-age with only one of his wi-ves; the rest are “sister wi-ves,” not formally wedded. The Browns are members of the Apostolic United Bret-hren Church, a fundamenta-list offshoot of the Mormon Church, which gave up poly-gamy around 1890 as Utah was seeking statehood.
Making polygamous unions illegal, they argue, violates the due process and equal protection clauses of the 14th amendment, as well as the free exercise, establish-ment, free speech and free-dom of association clauses of the First amendment.
“We only wish to live our private lives according to our
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beliefs,” Mr. Brown said in a statement provided by his lead attorney, Jonathan Tur-ley, who is a law professor at George Washington Univer-sity.
The connection with La-wrence v. Texas, a case that broadened legal rights for gay people, is sensitive for those who have sought the right of same-sex marriage. Opponents of such unions often refer to polygamy as one of the all-but-inevitable outcomes of allowing same-sex marriage. In his dissen-ting opinion in the Lawrence case, Justice Antonin Scalia cited a threat to state laws “based on moral choices” against “bigamy, same-sex marriage, adult incest, prosti-tution, masturbation, adul-tery, fornication, bestiality and obscenity.”
The head of the Roman Ca-tholic Church in New York, Archbishop Timothy M. Do-lan, made a similar compari-son on his blog on Thursday in an essay criticizing the state’s legalization of same-sex marriage and the possible “next step,” which could be “another redefinition to jus-tify multiple partners and infidelity.”
Such arguments, often refer-red to as the “parade of hor-ribles,” are logically flawed, said Jennifer C. Pizer, a pro-fessor at the law school at the University of California, Los Angeles, and legal director for the school’s Williams Institute, which focuses on sexual orientation law.
The questions surrounding whether same-sex couples should be allowed to marry are significantly different from those involved in cri-minal prosecution of multiple marriages, Ms. Pizer noted. Same-sex couples are see-king merely to participate in the existing system of family law for married couples, she said, while “you’d have to restructure the family law system in a pretty fundamen-tal way” to recognize poly-gamy.
Professor Turley called the one-thing-leads-to-another arguments “a bit of a Consti-tutional canard,” and argued that removing criminal pe-nalties for polygamy “will take society nowhere in par-ticular.”
The Supreme Court suppor-ted the power of states to restrict polygamy in an 1879 case, Reynolds v. United States. Professor Turley sug-
gests that the fundamental reasoning of Reynolds, whi-ch said polygamy “fetters the people in stationary despo-tism,” is outdated and has been swept away by cases like Lawrence.
Douglas Kmiec, a law pro-fessor at Pepperdine Univer-sity, said today’s courts mi-ght not agree with the swee-ping societal conclusions of the 19th-century courts, but noted that more attention has been paid in recent decades to the importance of internal family issues as part of the public policy sphere. Questi-ons of child abuse and spou-sal domination, he said, could figure into a judicial examination of polygamy.
“We’re more sensitive to the fact that a household can be quite repressive,” he said, and so reservations about polygamy “might be even more profound.”
Professor Turley disagreed, noting that “there are many religious practices in mono-gamous families that many believe as obnoxious and patriarchal,” and added, “The criminal code is not a license for social engineering.”
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • INTERNATIONAL • 11/7/2011
Israel Bans Boycotts Against the State
By ISABEL KERSHNER
JERUSALEM — The Israeli Parliament on Monday pas-sed contentious legislation that effectively bans any pu-blic call for a boycott against the state of Israel or its West Bank settlements, making such action a punishable of-fense.
Critics and civil rights groups denounced the new law as antidemocratic and a flagrant assault on the free-dom of expression and pro-test. The law’s defenders said it was a necessary tool in Israel’s fight against what they called its global delegi-timization.
Passage of the law followed a string of efforts in the righ-tist-dominated Parliament to promote legislation that is seen by the more liberal Isra-elis as an erosion of demo-cratic values.
Some critics argued passage of the legislation against boycotts would further dele-gitimize Israel, which is fa-cing increasing pressure over West Bank settlements that Palestinians regard as part of the territory for a future state. Continued construction in the settlements has been a major impediment in attempts to resume stalled peace talks.
The bill passed by 47 votes to 38. It relates to calls for economic, cultural or acade-mic boycotts of the state, its institutions or any area under its control, a reference to occupied territories.
Offenders could face lawsu-its and monetary penalties. Companies or organizations supporting a boycott could be disqualified from participa-ting in bids for government work. Nonprofit organizati-ons issuing boycott calls risk losing tax benefits.
The so-called Boycott Bill was sponsored by Zeev Elkin of the Likud, the conservati-ve party led by Prime Minis-ter Benjamin Netanyahu. Mr. Netanyahu was absent from the vote, as was the defense minister, Ehud Barak, who leads a small centrist faction in the governing coalition.
In an opinion issued earlier on Monday, the legal adviser of the Parliament, Eyal Yi-non, determined that ele-ments of the bill bordered on unConstitutionality and struck at the core of political freedom of expression. Ho-wever, Attorney General Yehuda Weinstein gave the bill his approval.
The speaker of the Parlia-ment, Reuven Rivlin of the Likud, tried to introduce mo-derations in the bill, but they
were rejected. Mr. Rivlin abstained from the vote.
The Association for civil rights in Israel and other human rights organizations said they were preparing to challenge the law in the High Court of Justice. The asso-ciation described the law as “an antidemocratic step, in-tended to create a chilling effect on civil society.”
Ilan Gilon, a legislator from the leftist Meretz Party, said, “I do not know of anything that creates more delegitimi-zation of Israel abroad than these laws.”
Hagai El-Ad, the executive director of the Association for civil rights in Israel, and other opponents of the law have pointed out that Israelis had recently launched their first successful consumer boycott, bringing down the price of cottage cheese. “Why should Israeli citizens be allowed to boycott Israeli cottage cheese, as we have heard and seen in recent we-eks, but be barred from boy-cotting the occupation?” he said in a recent statement.
Last year, Israeli theater ar-tists refused to perform at a new cultural center in the urban settlement of Ariel and in other West Bank settle-ments, causing a public u-proar. They were followed
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by scores of leftist Israeli academics, writers and intel-lectuals who said that they would not lecture at the cen-ter or in any of the settle-ments.
A movement of Palestinians and foreign supporters has
stepped up calls for boycott, divestment and sanctions against Israel. Their cam-paigns have led to a number of cancellations by internati-onal artists.
Mr. Elkin, the sponsor of the legislation, said that its prin-
cipal importance was “the fact that the calls to boycott the State of Israel increasin-gly have come from within our own midst, and that ma-kes it hard to wage a battle against a boycott in the wor-ld.”
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • INTERNATIONAL • 11/7/2011
Crowds in Syria Attack U.S. and French Embassies
By NADA BAKRI
BEIRUT, Lebanon — Pro-government demonstrators attacked the American and French embassy compounds in Damascus, Syria, on Monday, angered over visits by the ambassadors to a cen-tral Syrian city that has e-merged as a flashpoint of the popular uprising against the government.
The demonstrators threw rocks, eggs and tomatoes at the two buildings and tried to storm both compounds. But American Marine guards blocked their way at the Uni-ted States Embassy, and French guards fired live am-munition into the air to drive the attackers away, according to witnesses. Several injuries were reported, but no deaths.
An eyewitness in Afif, the old quarter of the capital where the American Em-bassy is located, said that demonstrators tore down embassy plaques and tried to break security glass. The
witness, who declined to be identified because of the de-licacy of the situation, said the protesters traveled to the embassy in four buses, and that some of them were ar-med.
French officials said that three embassy guards were injured when “well-organized groups” attacked the French compound using a battering ram. An eyewitness said that French guards brie-fly detained one of the pro-testers.
France and the United States have been critical of Syria’s brutal crackdown on pro-democracy demonstrators. France has led the effort to pass a United Nations resolu-tion condemning top officials of President Bashar al-Assad’s government. human rights advocates put the number of deaths at 1,300 since the uprising began ne-arly four months ago.
The United States has stop-ped short of saying the presi-
dent should step down, thou-gh Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton said Mon-day that Mr. Assad had “lost legitimacy” as a leader, using some of the strongest lan-guage by a top American official, The Associated Press reported.
The attacks were a response to a visit by Robert S. Ford, the American ambassador, and his French counterpart, Éric Chevallier, to Hama, the central Syrian city that has become a hub for demonstra-tions. On Monday, protesters also attacked Mr. Ford’s re-sidence, which is several blocks from the American Embassy.
The diplomats went to Hama on Thursday and stayed until Friday afternoon in a show of support for the tens of thou-sands of antigovernment pro-testers who have taken to the streets there. The Hama de-monstrations were among the largest since the popular u-prising started in mid-March,
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and the diplomats were war-mly received there. Scenes from Friday were reminis-cent of demonstrations in Tunisia and Egypt that brou-ght down authoritarian go-vernments there this year.
The Syrian Foreign Ministry summoned both diplomats on Sunday to condemn their visit.
The French and American governments expressed fury on Monday over the attacks, which were widely assumed to have taken place with the government’s tacit approval.
A State Department spokes-woman, Victoria Nuland, called the attackers “thugs” and rejected the suggestion by some in Syria that Mr. Ford had provoked the at-tacks by visiting Hama. “Ambassador Ford is doing his job as a witness, as an observer,” she said. “Our main concern here is that the Syrian government, rather than dealing with its own problems, and rather than addressing the grievances of its own people, is seeking to make distractions around our embassy.”
“We strongly condemn the Syrian government’s refusal to protect our embassy, and demand compensation for
damages,” the State Depart-ment said in a statement on Monday. “We call on the Syrian government to fulfill its obligations to its own citi-zens as well.”
The French government complained about a lack of protection from the Syrian authorities, and said the at-tacks on its embassy were recurring.
Bernard Valero, a spokesman for the Foreign Ministry, said in a statement that the attac-kers destroyed the ambassa-dor’s vehicle and wounded three guards, “and this in front of Syrian security for-ces manifestly in little hurry to stop these violent acts.” He said security guards at the embassy fired three warning shots to dispel protesters.
The State Department also accused a television channel that it said was close to the government of helping to incite “the violent demons-tration.” It did not identify the channel.
In a message posted on the embassy’s Facebook page on Sunday, Mr. Ford condem-ned the crackdown on protes-ters. He called on the go-vernment to respect basic human rights as a way to resolve the crisis.
“We respect the right of all Syrians — and people in all countries — to express their opinions freely and in a cli-mate of mutual respect,” Mr. Ford said in his message. “We wish the Syrian go-vernment would do the same, and stop beating and shoo-ting peaceful demonstrators.”
The attacks came as Syrian officials held a second day of talks meant to pave the way for a broader conference in which authorities said they would announce a multiparty system. The opposition boy-cotted the meeting, saying it would not participate amid the crackdown.
Scott Sayare contributed re-porting from Paris, Brian Knowlton from Washington and J. David Goodman from New York.
This article has been revised to reflect the following cor-rection:
Correction: July 11, 2011
An earlier version of this article misstated the number of deaths estimated to have occurred in the government"s crackdown. human rights activists put the figure at 1,300; 12,000 was the esti-mate for arrests.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • INTERNATIONAL • 11/7/2011
Suspect in Mutilation of an Afghan Woman Is Freed
By ALISSA J. RUBIN
KABUL, Afghanistan — The only suspect arrested in the case of a woman mutilated for leaving her husband has been released, local Afghan officials and the woman’s father said Monday, in a mo-ve that has angered human rights advocates and the woman’s family.
The suspect, Sulaiman, who like many Afghans has one name, was released with the knowledge of the governor in south-central Oruzgan Pro-vince, said the provincial attorney, Ghulam Farouq. Police officials had said that Mr. Sulaiman, the woman’s father-in-law, had confessed to taking part in the mutilati-on in 2009, though Mr. Fa-rouq said he had recently insisted he was innocent.
On Monday, Mr. Farouq ga-ve two different reasons for the release of Mr. Suleiman: that there was no one in Af-ghanistan to press the case against him — because the victim is now in the United States — and that he did not cut off the girl’s nose him-self.
“If someone commits a cri-me, then nobody else should be punished or arrested,” Mr. Farouq said. “The crime was committed by his son, Qua-dratullah, and this innocent
guy was imprisoned for 11 months.”
The governor of Oruzgan Province could not be rea-ched for comment on Mon-day.
The woman, Bibi Aisha, ca-me to national attention when Time magazine used a photo of her on its cover in August 2010, with the suggestion that this was what would happen to women if the West left Afghanistan. A child bride, Aisha (Bibi is an hono-rific; Aisha asked that her family name be withheld) had fled her arranged marria-ge to a Taliban fighter, but was captured and returned to the village where her hus-band, father-in-law and two brothers-in-law cut her nose and ears off after getting ap-proval from the local Taliban mullah, said Aisha’s father, Mohammedzai, who was interviewed by telephone on Monday.
He added that Mr. Sulaiman was one of the people who held down his daughter while her husband cut her. The mutilation took place in Cho-ra, a remote area of Oruzgan Province. Left for dead, Ai-sha fled to the safety of a women’s shelter in Kabul run by the advocacy group Wo-men for Afghan Women, which publicized her plight a year later.
“The man they let out, he was Aisha’s father-in-law,” said Mr. Mohammedzai, his voice cracking as he spoke. “He was there at the time when they chopped off her nose and did the cruelty to her. He was one of the cul-prits and should have been punished, but the government released him.”
“We don’t know who relea-sed him,” he said. “We don’t know at all. It’s either go-vernment weakness or our weakness. We don’t have money to pay the govern-ment and we don’t have so-meone in the government to support us.”
The other perpetrators have not been apprehended becau-se the area is controlled by the Taliban and the police cannot enter it, the police have said. Aisha’s husband, Quadratullah, who is a Tali-ban commander, fled to Pa-kistan or goes back and forth, according to women’s rights advocates who have tracked the case.
With the help of nonprofit women’s groups and the American Embassy, Aisha later went to the United Sta-tes, where a foundation offe-red to finance reconstructive surgery. However, the opera-tions have yet to take place because doctors felt she was still too distraught to handle the multiple surgeries that
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would be necessary as well as the long healing period, said Manizha Naderi, who runs Women for Afghan Women, which has also hel-ped organize Aisha’s care in the United States. Now living in New York and learning English, Aisha has been emotionally distressed, al-though she is gradually stabi-lizing, Ms. Naderi said.
“When somebody goes t-hrough violence like this there’s trauma afterward,” she said. “For a long time she had nightmares that they we-re coming after her again and cutting her nose all over aga-in.”
“It’s very bad he’s out,” Ms. Naderi said of Mr. Sulai-man’s release. “It sends out a message that it doesn’t mat-ter how violent or how cruel the crime is; if you have con-nections or money you can get out on the street. It just shows that the justice system is very weak and corrupt.”
Aisha’s Afghan lawyer, Ni-amatullah Sarabi, said he had not been informed of Mr. Sulaiman’s release until af-terward and that the case he had brought against Mr. Su-laiman had gone nowhere.
Human rights advocates said the release demonstrated the depth of the problems in the country’s justice system.
“Impunity has always been expected” in the justice sys-tem, said Nader Naderi, the deputy director of the Afghan Independent human rights Commission. “Releasing him is a betrayal of the women who seek justice and of the police who tried to arrest them.”
The provincial attorney, Mr. Farouq, who said he was new to Oruzgan Province, said that since he had arrived a few months ago, Mr. Sulei-man had insisted that he was not guilty. “It was a huge
cruelty to keep him for 11 months in prison,” he said.
“I asked my colleagues if he was innocent and the collea-gues said he was not present at the incident, he was outsi-de the country at the time and was arrested when he retur-ned in order to help the poli-ce and attorney to arrest his son.”
Separately, at least four men who worked to remove land mines from western Afgha-nistan were found beheaded on Sunday and Monday. They had been kidnapped with 24 of their colleagues, who were released Monday, according to statements from Afghan officials, the United Nations and the Mine Action Coordination Center of Af-ghanistan.
Abdul Waheed Wafa and Sangar Rahimi contributed reporting.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • EDITORIALS, OP-ED AND LED • 11/7/2011
All Hail the (Democratic) King
By AHMED CHARAI and JOSEPH BRAUDE
IT isn’t news anymore when an Arab ruler facing mass protests pledges sweeping reforms. But Morocco’s July 1 Constitutional referendum may be the most significant development in the Arab
world all summer. For the first time since the Arab S-pring began, a population broadly embraced its leader’s reforms and scaled back an-tigovernment demonstrati-ons. In the weeks before the referendum, over 100,000 people had taken to the stre-
ets; after the vote only about 10,000 did.
A sizable majority of Moroc-cans approved the new Cons-titution, which calls for King Mohammed VI to cede half his power to a prime minister appointed from the parlia-ment’s majority party and
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ensures the rights of women and non-Arabs, including the country’s large Berber popu-lation.
Morocco appears to have found a new model for poli-tical transition. If the Consti-tutional experiment succe-eds, the country will have the opportunity — and responsi-bility — to take on the regio-nal leadership role that has traditionally been played by Egypt.
The major parliamentary opposition parties, including the main Islamist party, en-dorsed the Constitution. Those rejecting it, including a radical Islamist group whi-ch aims to overthrow the king and install a caliph, had the chance to make their ca-ses on public radio and tele-vision. Some officials believe this new openness is serving as a force for moderation. “The more the extremists go on TV, the more ridiculous they look,” said Nawfel Ra-ghay, who manages the country’s broadcasting au-thority. “We should have done this 20 years ago.”
The Constitution’s power split provides a check against Islamists, if they were to win elections. In the event of an Islamist landslide, a new Shariah-minded prime minis-ter would have the authority to appoint all senior civil servants and oversee domes-tic security. However, con-trol over the army and fo-reign intelligence services would rest with the king. The monarch would also retain his traditional role as the
country’s highest religious authority — meaning that he could block attempts to use mosques, the news media and religious education to impose chauvinist religious mores.
This novel arrangement also addresses the historic dilem-ma between values and inte-rests the West has faced in its relationship with Morocco. The country has long been regarded as a constructive player in regional affairs, but its pro-Western authoritarian elite has a troubling human rights record and has cons-trained political and econo-mic opportunity for the coun-try’s impoverished majority. The Constitution could al-low the emergence of new elites and open up the politi-cal arena.
It is important for America and its allies that Morocco achieve this balance at a time when Egypt is not in a posi-tion to serve as a regional powerbroker. Under its for-mer president, Hosni Muba-rak, Egypt served as a bridge between Arab monarchies like Saudi Arabia and Arab dictatorships like Syria and Libya. But today, there is a new Arab political divide — between autocracies and countries undergoing demo-cratic transitions. Morocco, a transitioning government itself and a prospective member of the Saudi-led Gulf Cooperation Council, is uniquely positioned to bridge this divide.
Whereas Mr. Mubarak medi-ated between Israelis and
Palestinians, the new Egypti-an government has yet to form a coherent policy on that conflict, let alone earn the trust of both sides. Mo-rocco, by contrast, has a his-tory of doing so. Years befo-re Egypt normalized diplo-matic relations with Israel in 1980, the Moroccan king Hassan II was a liaison bet-ween Israel and its neigh-bors. The country’s distance from Israel was not a serious disadvantage then, and it is even less so today in the era of instant communication and intercontinental strategic partnerships.
Morocco also has a deep historical bond with the Je-wish people: the king protec-ted 200,000 Moroccan Jews from the Nazis during World War II, and nearly one milli-on Israelis have Moroccan roots — including some se-nior political and military officials. Morocco can ex-tract concessions from both parties to the conflict that Egypt never could.
The Moroccan Constitutio-nal model sets an obvious example for Jordan, whose king also claims some religi-ous authority and remains relatively popular. For the more embattled Sunni king-dom of Bahrain, a similar pact of electoral power-sharing with the Shiite majo-rity may be the only way, in the long run, for Bahrain’s dynasty to survive.
Before the referendum, sco-res of protesters were woun-ded by the police, and one was killed. While this vio-
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lence is deplorable, it is a far cry from that of Egypt, where hundreds died, let alone Lib-ya and Syria, where state security forces have killed thousands.
There is great optimism in Morocco today. Millions
have signaled their desire for freedom and opportunity within a Constitutional fra-mework. If parliament is vigilant in ensuring that the reforms are swiftly applied, Morocco can set an example for peaceful political transiti-ons across the Arab world.
Ahmed Charai is publisher of the weekly Moroccan news-paper L’Observateur. Joseph Braude is the author of “The Honored Dead: A Story of Friendship, Murder, and the Search for Truth in the Arab World.”
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • BUSINESS DAY • 11/7/2011
Amazon Backs End to Online Sales Tax in California
By MATT RICHTEL and VERNE G. KOPYTOFF
SAN FRANCISCO — Ama-zon said Monday that it would back a California bal-lot initiative that would roll back a new state law that forces more online retailers to collect sales tax.
Amazon’s decision to sup-port the proposed referendum pits the world’s biggest onli-ne retailer against the state government, which is loo-king for ways to raise additi-onal revenue to cover budget shortfalls.
The California legislature last month passed a law, now in effect, requiring online retailers to collect sales tax just like merchants physical-ly located in the state. The law was intended to close a loophole that let online retai-lers sell their wares but not collect and pay sales tax to the state.
Two weeks ago, Amazon, hoping it could comply with
the new law and still avoid collecting taxes, severed ties with thousands of California businesses whose Web sites linked to products on its site. California officials say that move does not free it of this year’s tax obligation, estima-ted at $83 million.
“At a time when businesses are leaving California, it is important to enact policies that attract and encourage business, not drive it away,” said Paul Misener, Amazon’s vice president of public po-licy. He also called Ama-zon’s antisales tax position “a referendum on jobs and investment in California.”
Evan Westrup, a spokesman for Gov. Jerry Brown, said Monday that, “Amazon should be spending less time punishing its affiliates, threa-tening lawsuits and collec-ting signatures and more time doing what every other retai-ler does in California every day.”
The collection of online sales tax by states facing budget deficits is an issue that threa-tens to spill across the coun-try. Amazon has been at log-gerheads in various states. The company has severed ties with affiliates in some states, including Illinois, and is in the process of closing a warehouse in Texas.
Amazon currently collects sales tax in New York, even though it says it does not have a physical presence in the state. But it is challenging the state’s law as unConsti-tutional.
Legally, Californians are still responsible for sales tax even when retailers do not collect it. When filing their tax forms, residents are supposed to declare what they owe in so-called use tax. Most don’t, and the state argues that the growth of online shopping is leading to an ever greater loss of revenue.
The state Board of Equaliza-tion, California’s tax collec-
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tor, estimates the unpaid ta-xes at $1.15 billion in the last fiscal year, and estimates it will grow to almost $1.2 bil-lion this year and $1.27 billi-on in 2012.
At the heart of the issue is what constitutes a company’s physical presence. The new California law expands the definition of physical presen-ce to potentially include A-mazon subsidiaries, like an office in Cupertino that de-signs the Kindle book reader and another in Studio City that handles online adverti-sing.
Under the law, if Amazon fails to pay any taxes owed to California, it would be requi-red to pay penalties and inte-rest, like any other tax scof-flaw. Its first payment would be due by Oct. 31.
Amazon says it supports a simplified sales tax structure that would be applied evenly across the country, which would require cooperation from federal and state go-vernments. Some state offici-als say the issue is about mo-re than just tax revenue. They say it’s about fairness to lo-cal retailers competing aga-
inst Amazon but with the added cost to consumers of sales tax.
Supporters of the proposed initiative must now gather around 505,000 signatures to qualify it for the ballot, ac-cording to the secretary of state. A vote could occur during the next statewide election in February 2012.
“Where does Amazon plan to collect these signatures — in front of bricks and mortar retailers that collect sales tax everyday?” asked Mr. Wes-trup.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • BUSINESS DAY • 11/7/2011
California Judge Narrows Toyota Investors’ Lawsuit
A federal judge in California has pared back a lawsuit ac-cusing the Toyota Motor Corporation of inflating its stock price by concealing problems with unintended acceleration in its vehicles.
Judge Dale S. Fischer of Uni-ted States District Court in Los Angeles partly granted Toyota’s motion to dismiss the case, which was filed last year after a series of car re-calls for safety concerns. Judge Fischer rejected claims related to 26 of 33 company statements referenced in the complaint.
“Nothing in the complaint permits a strong inference
that any of the defendants intentionally misled investors about Toyota’s corporate strategy with regard to qua-lity and safety,” Judge Fis-cher wrote in the July 7 ru-ling.
“It is much more plausible that defendants believed To-yota could maintain high quality and safety while cut-ting costs,” she wrote.
The plaintiffs, who are see-king class-action status for the lawsuit, say that Toyota misrepresented or hid facts related to recalls of up to 10 million Toyota and Lexus vehicles at an estimated $5 billion cost to the company.
Toyota recalled the vehicles after complaints that they sped up outside their drivers’ control.
Toyota’s actions caused a $30 billion drop in the com-pany’s stock market value, the plaintiffs contend.
The judge also dismissed claims related to violations of Japanese securities law, saying that the court did not have the power to rule on Japanese law claims.
The Maryland State Retire-ment and Pension System is the lead plaintiff in the law-suit, which consolidates mul-tiple shareholder complaints
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against Toyota. An lawyer for the fund was not immedi-ately available to comment Monday.
“We are pleased that the court has granted Toyota’s motion to dismiss most of the claims in the federal securiti-
es case,” a Toyota spokes-woman said. “The court’s ruling results in dismissal of the overwhelming majority of the case.”
The plaintiffs’ proposed class contains all people and enti-ties that bought or acquired
Toyota stock between May 2005 and February 2010.
The court gave plaintiffs a deadline of July 28 to file an amended complaint.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • SPORTS WEDNESDAY • 11/7/2011
ESPN Sues Ohio State By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
ESPN has sued Ohio State, alleging the university viola-ted state public records law by denying requests for items
related to an N.C.A.A. inves-tigation that has led to the loss of the football coach Jim Tressel and the star quarter-back Terrelle Pryor. The lawsuit filed in the Ohio Su-
preme Court asks justices to order the university to release the records and pay attorney fees and court costs.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • NEW YORK • 11/7/2011
When a Wait of One Day Feels Like One Too Long
By THOMAS KAPLAN
The year was 1936, and Jane H. Todd, a state assembly-woman from Westchester County, went to Albany with a warning: the institution of marriage was under siege.
Too many frivolous youngs-ters were falling in love and eloping on a whim, only to have their marriages end in divorce. These “gin wed-dings,” as Ms. Todd called them, had to stop.
After two years of lobbying, Ms. Todd, a Republican, persuaded her fellow legisla-tors to enact a law mandating
a three-day waiting period between receiving a marriage license and being wed.
The law, and others like it around the country, became so notorious that in 1945 Hollywood made a film, “The Clock,” starring Judy Garland, about a young sol-dier who falls in love during a two-day leave in New York and tries to find a judge to waive the waiting period so he can marry.
Today, New York’s waiting period, which has been shor-tened to 24 hours, is back in the limelight because of the legalization of same-sex mar-
riage. Many gay couples want to get married on the first possible day, July 24, and they are now scrambling — in many cases with the help of municipal officials — to find judges who will wai-ve the waiting period.
“We think of Hollywood movies about changes of mind at the altar, but these are couples that have been together for many, many years and have been waiting impatiently to tie the knot,” said Susan Sommer, the di-rector of Constitutional liti-gation for Lambda Legal, an organization that advocates for equal rights for gay peo-
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ple. “They certainly have had a long time to get to know each other.”
New York is one of about two dozen states that require a waiting period for marria-ges. Over the past seven de-cades, the waiting period has been changed at least eight times, with legislators alte-ring its length to reflect changing mores and, during some periods, to require blo-od tests because of concerns about sexually and genetical-ly transmitted diseases.
But historians say the under-lying motivation for waiting periods can be traced back centuries.
In colonial New England, and before that in Europe, couples were required to an-nounce their impending nup-tials so that anyone with ob-jections could come forward. That practice gave rise to the marriage license, which al-lowed authorities to ensure that people about to wed we-re of the proper age and not already married.
In an effort to prevent rushes to the altar, American states began to impose waiting pe-riods in the early 20th cen-tury.
“Marriage should be some-thing more than a hit-or-miss proposition, and should only be entered into after careful consideration,” Ms. Todd said when she began her lobbying effort in New York.
She added, “Gin weddings — hasty marriages entered
into for the sake of headlines, ‘adventure’ or merely for the purpose of ‘surprising fri-ends’ and adding to the con-versational production of the world — should, as I view it, be discouraged.”
At the time, she said, New York was the only state in the Northeast that did not require a waiting period.
“It was all about trying to put some order upon what refor-mers thought was a chaotic American society,” said Kris-tin Celello, a historian at Queens College who wrote a book, “Making Marriage Work,” about the evolution of marriage in the 20th cen-tury.
Over time, New York and other states also began to require various forms of me-dical testing for couples see-king to get married. From 1938 to 1985, New York required that couples be checked for syphilis, and during the 1970s, officials sought to test for gonorrhea, too, before abandoning the idea.
During the Vietnam War, New York temporarily sus-pended the waiting period for members of the armed for-ces. Around the same time, however, some lawmakers concluded that the three-day waiting period was not enou-gh, and in 1970, the Legisla-ture extended it to 10 days. The state returned to the t-hree-day period in 1981 and shortened it to 24 hours in 1985, the same year it stop-ped requiring a blood test.
Whether waiting periods actually deter overzealous lovebirds from marrying too quickly is hard to discern. After the law’s adoption in 1937, state officials saw it as a success: they reported that the number of couples from outside New York who came to the state to marry had dropped 77 percent by July 1938, compared with the same month the year before.
But today, the State Health Department does not track how many people who obtain marriage licenses follow t-hrough and wed, leaving scholars to rely on anecdotal evidence.
“My impression is that it became more of a bureaucra-tic hoop than an actual effec-tive tactic,” Ms. Celello said.
The law allows judges to waive the waiting period when there is a danger of “imminent death” of one of the people involved, to pro-mote the public interest “by reason of other emergency,” or in cases in which waiting would “work irreparable in-jury or great hardship upon the contracting parties.”
Officials in the Manhattan office of the New York City clerk said they ordinarily handled about 20 waivers per week, often for tourists who want to wed while visiting the city. A spokeswoman for the state court system said there were no statistics on how many people received waivers statewide.
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To mark the first day of legal same-sex marriages, city officials plan to open muni-cipal offices in all five bo-roughs on July 24, a Sunday, to allow couples to apply for marriage licenses. They also plan to have judges available to sign waivers of the 24-hour waiting period and to officiate at on-the-spot wed-dings. Several other New York cities and towns are considering similar steps.
“Only in New York,” said Raoul L. Felder, a celebrity divorce lawyer. “I think it’s going to be a hoot.”
“In the past, no one would sign the thing,” Mr. Felder said of the waivers. “No jud-ge would want to go on the hook for that, because if so-
mething would go wrong, the judge would be blamed. It was designed to protect peo-ple from themselves, and the judges wouldn’t undermine it.”
But equal-rights advocates and matrimonial lawyers said they expected judges to look sympathetically at couples like Douglas Robinson, 60, who works in finance, and his partner of nearly 25 ye-ars, Michael Elsasser, 56, a graphic designer.
Mr. Robinson and Mr. Elsas-ser, who live in Harlem, were among the five couples who filed a landmark lawsuit in 2004 in an unsuccessful at-tempt to win the right to mar-ry in New York. They now hope to wed on the day the
same-sex marriage law takes effect, and they plan to peti-tion to be exempted from the waiting period.
Part of their consternation stems from logistics: their two sons, 22 and 25, cannot get time off work the follo-wing week. But, after a quar-ter-century together and ye-ars of frustration over their inability to marry, the couple also finds the idea of a wai-ting period ironic.
“What on earth could they expect to achieve by making us wait,” Mr. Robinson as-ked, “when we’ve waited our whole life already?”
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • ULTIMA HORA.COM (PY) • POLÍTICA • 11/7/2011
Inminente desalojo en Ñacunday
La Policía espera recibir esta mañana la orden judicial para desalojar a campesinos que ocupan tierras de Tranquilo Favero en Ñacunday, Alto Paraná. Anoche, una fuente poli-cial confirmó el apresto para el operativo.
Por Wilson Ferreira | CI-UDAD DEL ESTE
En las próximas horas los agentes estarían expulsando a los carperos del inmueble que ocupan, de 4 mil hectá-reas, que son parte de 12 mil hectáreas de terrenos arren-dados del empresario sojero Tranquilo Favero por 37 co-lonos, en la zona de Ñacunday. Unas 630 familias se instalaron en el lugar.
Anoche, una fuente de la Comandancia Policial de Alto Paraná confirmó que existe información de que el desalojo se llevará a cabo hoy. De concretarse, la deso-cupación coincidirá con el fin del plazo que los productores habían dado al Gobierno na-cional para resolver el pro-blema.
Consultado al respecto, el intendente de Santa Rita,
Concepción Rodríguez, no confirmó ni descartó que habrá expulsión. Dijo que es un dato que se está manejan-do con mucha prudencia y que lo está siguiendo el abo-gado de los colonos, Alfredo Romero, con quien ayer no pudimos contactar, por lo que no se pudo confirmar quién es el juez que resolvió el desalojo. "No recuerdo el nombre del juez, pero sé que
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hay una orden de desalojo que tiene más de un mes sin cumplir", aseguró Rodríguez.
El encargado de Relaciones Públicas de la Jefatura de Policía del Alto Paraná, Au-gusto Aníbal Lima, indicó que por el momento la de-pendencia no tiene orden alguna de expulsión de car-peros, pero no descartó que la tenga en las próximas ho-ras.
La seguridad en la zona de Ñacunday ahora está a cargo de la Policía local, pues los efectivos de la Agrupación especializada, dirigidos por el subcomisario Erven Love-ra, fueron retirados el vier-nes.
REUNIÓN CON MINIS-TRO. El gobernador de Alto Paraná Nelson Aguinagalde y la Asociación de Municipa-lidades de este departamento, presidida por Concepción Rodríguez, se reúnen esta mañana a las 8.00 con el pre-sidente de la Corte Suprema de Justicia, doctor Luis Ma-ría Benítez Riera.
Los mismos reclamos plante-ados a los ministros de la Corte Víctor Núñez y Sindul-fo Blanco también serán he-chos a Benítez Riera, con-firmó Rodríguez, jefe comu-nal de Santa Rita.
Los intendentes municipales pretenden que la promesa realizada el viernes pasado
por Núñez y Blanco, de revi-sar y dar de baja por los me-dios correspondientes a los títulos falsos que supuesta-mente obran en el archivo de la Sindicatura de Quiebras, tenga el apoyo de todos los ministros de la máxima ins-tancia judicial.
"Queremos que el Banco Central del Paraguay y la Sindicatura de Quiebras de-jen de estar estafando a la gente, llevando a remate títu-los que no tienen un centíme-tro de tierra en Alto Paraná", indicó.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • ABC COLOR (PY) • POLÍTICA • 11/7/2011
En Diputados reimpulsarán los cambios a la Constitución El diputado liberal Víctor Ríos confirmó ayer que re-impulsará en la Cámara de Diputados el proyecto de enmienda constitucional que elimina la figura de la sena-duría vitalicia. Hace tres se-manas, la Cámara Baja había acordado aplazar sin fecha el estudio de todos los pedidos de enmienda que están pen-dientes de estudio.
El proyecto presentado por Ríos hace poco más de dos meses propone derogar el Artículo 189 de la Constitu-ción Nacional que establece las senadurías vitalicias. El artículo constitucional dispo-ne puntualmente que “los ex
presidentes de la República, electos democráticamente, serán senadores vitalicios de la nación, salvo que hubiesen sido sometidos a juicio polí-tico y hallados culpables. No integrarán el quórum. Ten-drán voz, pero no voto”.
De aprobarse esta modifica-ción habilitaría a que los ex presidentes de la República, incluido Fernando Lugo, puedan ocupar el cargo de senador activo sin objecio-nes. Además de eliminar la senaduría vitalicia, Ríos con-firmó también que se está conversando para modificar también el Artículo 162 de la Carta Magna para bajar la
edad para ser candidato a gobernador.
Este pedido de enmienda fue presentado por un grupo de estudiantes de derecho de la Universidad Nacional y ava-lado por el diputado Víctor Bogado (ANR).
El proyecto de enmienda propone modificar el Artícu-lo 162 inciso dos de la Cons-titución para bajar de 30 a 25 años la edad mínima para postularse a gobernador
La intención es aprobar estas modificaciones en las próxi-mas semanas, de manera a incluirlo en el referéndum
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convocada para el próximo 9 de octubre para votar la mo-dificación del Artículo 120
de la Constitución de mane-ra a habilitar a votar a los
paraguayos residentes en el exterior.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • ABC COLOR (PY) • POLÍTICA • 11/7/2011
Elegirán nuevo representante para Consejo de la Magistratura La Cámara de Diputados elegirá a un nuevo representante ante el Consejo de la Magis-tratura. El mandato del diputado oviedista Gustavo Mussi feneció y Unace no tiene los votos para ratificarle en el cargo. Ahora la negociación queda en manos de colorados y aliados. El representante de la Cáma-ra de Diputados ante el Con-sejo de la Magistratura será reemplazado en los próximos 30 días. Actualmente, el cargo es ocupado por el oviedista Gustavo Mussi, quien fue repuesto a finales del año pasado con apoyo de los libe-rales. El Consejo de la Ma-gistratura es el organismo encargado de seleccionar los candidatos a fiscales y jue-ces. El Consejo ya comunicó a la Cámara de Diputados que el mandato de tres años del diputado Mussi está vencido y que por tanto el cargo está vacante. Esta comunicación tendrá entrada oficial en la sesión del próximo jueves. De acuerdo con la ley, a par-
tir de ahí la Cámara tiene un máximo de treinta días para confirmar en el cargo a Mus-si o elegir a un nuevo repre-sentante. El oviedismo en la Cámara de Diputados no tiene los votos para ratificar en el car-go a Mussi. Su alianza con los liberales que lo repusie-ron en el cargo no alcanza para tener la mayoría para su confirmación. Eso deja la discusión en ma-nos de los colorados y sus aliados: Patria Querida, Par-tido Democrático Progresista y Participación Ciudadana (Aída Robles), quienes tienen mayoría actualmente en la Cámara. Según las conversa-ciones previas, el cargo po-dría quedar para un colorado y el suplente sería designado
de uno de los partidos alia-dos. Codiciado La representación de la Cá-mara de Diputados ante el Consejo de la Magistratura es un lugar codiciado por los parlamentarios. En julio del año pasado, la Cámara de Diputados revocó el mandato a Gustavo Mussi (Unace) y en su reemplazo nombró al colorado Hugo Velázquez. Unace, en ese entonces incluso recurrió a la Corte Suprema para tratar de frenar el cambio, pero aun así Velázquez pasó a formar parte del Consejo. Mediante un acuerdo líbero-oviedista, en diciembre del año pasado, Mussi fue repu-esto en el cargo.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • ABC COLOR (PY) • POLÍTICA • 11/7/2011
Fenece plazo y cerrarán rutas ÑACUNDAY, Alto Paraná (Fermín Jara, enviado espe-cial). Productores anunciaron que saldrán con sus maquina-
rias a bloquear las rutas para-lizando las zonas productoras del país y después sitiar A-sunción, en caso de que el
gobierno del presidente Fer-nando Lugo no proceda a desalojar a los campesinos que invadieron unas 12.000
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hectáreas de tierra productiva en Ñacunday. Existe un tenso ambiente en la zona sur del Alto Paraná ante el anuncio de las movilizaciones y las afirmaciones de los seudosin-tierras de que se enfrentarán a la Policía, si les quiere de-salojar. Ayer feneció el plazo que dieron los productores y au-toridades municipales de la zona sur del Alto Paraná, para que el Gobierno dispon-ga el desalojo de los seudo-sintierras, quienes invadieron al menos 12.000 hectáreas de tierras productivas y que aho-ra proyectan ampliar las in-vasiones hasta llegar a ocu-par unas 28.000 hectáreas. Existe un ambiente tenso en la zona de Ñacunday. Los productores dijeron que pri-mero se movilizarán y en caso de que no exista respu-esta del Gobierno, ellos mismos procederán a sacar a los supuestos campesinos de sus tierras con el apoyo de la población. Llegan más policías Mientras los seudosintierras indicaron que van a enfren-tarse a la Policía en caso de que estos quieran desalojar-les, y que están preparados, ayer llegó a la zona un con-tingente de efectivos policia-les, quienes se unieron a los 50 agentes antimotines que ya están en la zona. Indicaron
que es para evitar cualquier desborde. Los seudosintierras de la comisión “Santa Lucía”, qui-enes formaron el asentamien-to “18 de Octubre” o “12 Apóstoles”, tienen el respal-do político del senador Sixto Pereira (Tekojoja) y de José “Pakova” Ledesma (PLRA), gobernador de San Pedro. Ordenan desalojo El juez de Iruña, Osmar Val-lejos, ordenó el desalojo de los invasores. La fiscala de Iruña, María del Carmen Meza, es la encarga-da de hacer cumplir la orden judicial, pero la Policía Na-cional se niega, alegando que existen órdenes contradicto-rias y confusas. Además, la fiscala Meza or-denó la detención de 19 inva-sores que tampoco la Policía cumple. La semana pasada, durante una reunión de dirigentes de la Asociación de Productores de Soja (APS) y de autorida-des municipales, estos indi-caron que la paciencia ya está llegando al límite. Señalaron que si hasta el 10 de julio no había una respu-esta del Gobierno, ellos sal-drían a las rutas a bloquear-las, paralizando las zonas productoras. Lugares de cierre En el Alto Paraná anunciaron que bloquearán las Rutas VI “Dr. Juan León Mallorquín”,
la Ruta VII “Dr. José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia” y la supercarretera de Itaipú. En caso de que no exista res-puesta, marcharán hasta la capital y sitiarán la ciudad de Asunción con sus maquinari-as. El intendente de Ñacunday, Pedro Duarte (ANR), quien es también miembro de la APS, dijo que primero se realizará una reunión entre todos los gremios que agluti-nan a los productores y allí van a decidir el día y la for-ma en que van a realizar las movilizaciones. En Santa Rita los productores y autoridades municipales, durante la reunión con mi-embros de la Corte Supre-ma de Justicia, anunciaron que harán una reunión popu-lar en la que definirán la forma en que harán las movi-lizaciones en caso de que no exista respuesta del gobierno de Lugo. María Magdalena Simón, miembro de la APS de la zona de Iruña, dijo que el ambiente de inseguridad es alto, lo cual se viene arras-trando desde otros gobiernos, pero que empeoró en forma terrible desde el 2008 con Lugo. Señaló que muchos colonos brasiguayos ya han regresado al Brasil debido a la insegu-ridad existente.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • ABC COLOR (PY) • OPINIÓN • 11/7/2011
Hasta cuándo se tolerará el vil chantaje sindical por Julio Alberto Fleitas A. Ante la última decisión de la Cámara de Senadores, que resolvió que la ley de conce-siones de aeropuertos está efectivamente sancionada, no se hizo esperar la virulenta reacción sindical, que nue-vamente amenaza al país con otra huelga general, hasta lograr que el Poder Ejecutivo vete la ley. Cae de maduro que este acto ilegal e ilícito debe ser rechazado rotunda-mente por las autoridades competentes. La Constitución es bien cla-ra cuando en el Art. 3 esta-blece: “El pueblo ejerce el Poder Público por medio del sufragio”, y que “el gobierno es ejercido por los poderes Legislativo, Ejecutivo y Ju-dicial en un sistema de sepa-ración, equilibrio, coordina-ción y recíproco control...”. En ese sentido, los represen-tantes del pueblo paraguayo (senadores y diputados) ejer-cieron sus atribuciones cons-titucionales que no pueden ser revertidas por ningún grupo y menos por la fuerza. Sin embargo, estamos de nuevo ante una nueva coac-ción contra un órgano del Estado. El Código Penal, al referirse a los “hechos punibles contra la existencia del Estado”, en su Art. 269, inciso 1º, pres-cribe: “El que intentara lo-grar o lograra, mediante fu-erza o amenaza de fuerza, menoscabar la existencia de la República o modificar el
orden constitucional, será castigado con pena privativa de libertad (cárcel) no menor de diez años. El inciso 2º determina: “En casos menos graves la pena privativa de libertad será de uno a diez años”. Por otra parte, en cuanto al derecho de la huelga, la Ley 213, Código Laboral, Art. 358, dispone que la misma “es la suspensión temporal, colectiva y concertada del trabajo, por iniciativa de los trabajadores para la defensa directa y exclusiva de sus intereses profesionales”. No obstante, el Art. 366 advierte que será declarada ilegal toda huelga hecha durante la vi-gencia de un contrato colec-tivo y que no se refiera al incumplimiento, por la parte empleadora, de alguna de las cláusulas de ese contrato. El Art. 369 garantiza “la li-bertad de trabajo de los tra-bajadores que no se sumen a la huelga”. Aclara que los empleadores y trabajadores podrán utilizar todos los re-cursos legales para el ejerci-cio de esta garantía constitu-cional. Además, prohíbe a los huelguistas “intentar o impe-dir por cualquier medio el acceso a los lugares de traba-jo o la salida de productos de la empresa, salvo incumpli-miento, por parte del emple-ador, de lo establecido en el artículo 368. El Art. 376 hace una adver-tencia contundente al mandar que la huelga es ilegal: a)
cuando no tenga por motivo o fin, o no tenga relación alguna con la promoción y defensa de los intereses de los trabajadores; b) cuando es declarada o sostenida por motivos estrictamente políti-cos, o tenga por finalidad directa ejercer coacción so-bre los poderes del Estado; c) cuando los trabajadores de servicios públicos imprescin-dibles no garanticen los su-ministros mínimos esenciales para la población, definidos en el artículo 362; y d) en la situación prevista por el artí-culo 366. El 377 advierte que la parti-cipación en una huelga ile-gal, así como la negativa de prestar servicios en las acti-vidades esenciales definidas en el Art. 362, podrán ser sancionadas con el despido del trabajador; y el Art. 378 otorga la facultad a cualquier juzgado en lo laboral a decla-rar la legalidad o ilegalidad de una huelga. Complementando lo anterior, el Código Penal, Art. 218, avisa: “1º El que impidiera total o parcialmente el fun-cionamiento de un ferrocar-ril, el correo o una empresa o instalación que sirva al trans-porte público... será castiga-do con pena privativa de li-bertad de hasta cinco años o con multa. 2º En estos casos, será castigada también la tentativa”. En fin, mientras –por ejem-plo– el aeropuerto interna-cional de Ezeiza, el principal
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de Argentina, habilitaba el sábado último una nueva terminal, operada por la fir-ma concesionaria Aeropuer-tos Argentina 2000 (AA
2000), y diseñada para aten-der un mayor tráfico pasaje-ros, estos sindicalistas de la Dinac, que no sé quién les dijo que son los dueños, si-
guen determinados a conde-nar al Paraguay al más vil de los atrasos en esta materia.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL PAIS (ES) • OPINIÓN • 11/7/2011
Condenados a la marginalidad ANA MARíA CALDERóN ORTH (Presidenta de la AFEM Mentes Vivas)
La Administración, no con-tenta con la discriminación a la que viene sometiendo a las personas con patología men-tal desde tiempos inmemora-bles, sigue haciendo recortes y atrasando pagos a las aso-ciaciones y entidades que se ocupan de hacer el trabajo que el sistema sanitario elude realizar a costa de estas or-ganizaciones.
¿Cómo es posible que una persona con enfermedad mental cobre 347 euros con los que tiene que sobrevivir? Si a esto sumamos la falta de atención adecuada, el resul-tado es una auténtica tragedi-a. ¿Cómo se pretende inte-
grar a este colectivo si se le condena a la marginalidad? Es condenarle a vivir en la pobreza, el abandono y a ser discriminados doblemente.
Teniendo en cuenta que una gran parte de las enfermeda-des mentales, entre ellas la esquizofrenia, sobrevienen en plena adolescencia y sin dar tiempo a la persona a integrarse al mundo laboral, ¿cómo en estos más de 20 años no se ha cambiado esta circunstancia tan dispar entre los que han llegado al mundo laboral y los que, por la en-fermedad, no han podido siquiera aspirar a entrar en él?
La sanidad es un derecho constitucional e inherente a la condición de ser humano,
y mucho más el derecho a la salud mental. España destaca por violar constantemente los derechos recogidos en la OMS en materia de salud mental. En tiempos de crisis se necesita más que nunca el aumento de la inversión en esta materia, y que lleguen a todas las comunidades los mismos medios por igual sin excepción alguna. No pode-mos tolerar que haya comu-nidades en las que el reparto sea desigual y que destaquen precisamente por tener infi-nidad de carencias de estos servicios, sirva como ejem-plo Galicia. Exigimos urgen-temente una revisión de estas pensiones y que se les devu-elva a estas personas la dig-nidad que les ha sido negada.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL PAIS (ES) • SOCIEDAD • 11/7/2011
La Iglesia inscribe como propios miles de inmuebles
Una ley de 1998 permite a los obispos adueñarse de templos de culto de forma opaca - Pueblos de toda España descubren con sorpresa la apropiación CARMEN MORÁN
La Iglesia española viene durante años poniendo a su nombre casas rectorales, viñedos, olivares, atrios, so-lares, pisos que pertenecían a los pueblos o que, en todo caso, nunca se registraron. Y lo ha hecho calladamente, sin que nadie percibiera esta suerte de voracidad inmobili-aria amparada por los artícu-los 206 y 304 de la Ley y el Reglamento Hipotecario. Los obispos pueden emitir certi-ficaciones de dominio como si fueran funcionarios públi-cos. Este privilegio se agran-dó en 1998, cuando el Gobi-erno de entonces suprimió el artículo 5 del reglamento citado, que impedía la misma práctica sobre edificios de culto, iglesias, catedrales o ermitas.
Desde aquel año, también pueden inscribir las propie-dades a su nombre. A eso se llama, en la jerga administra-tiva, inmatricular. Y lo están haciendo a destajo. Puede decirse que en Navarra las jerárquicas sotanas han arra-sado el territorio. A nombre de la diócesis figuran ya ci-entos de templos parroquia-les, ermitas, basílicas, con todo lo que tienen dentro; también tienen a su nombre casas, almacenes y hasta ce-
menterios, garajes o fronto-nes.
¿Solo en Navarra? No. Por toda España se repite el mismo procedimiento, que es tan barato y sencillo para ellos como complejo para un ciudadano particular. Mu-chos alcaldes y particulares han descubierto el caso con sorpresa y luchan ahora por devolver al pueblo el inmen-so patrimonio cultural e in-mobiliario que consideran arrebatado. "Robo" y "expo-lio", repiten cuando se les pregunta por el caso.
"Inconstitucional", dicen los expertos jurídicos. "No sien-do funcionarios públicos, pueden actuar como si lo fueran. Si el artículo 16 de la Constitución no otorga ca-rácter estatal a ninguna con-fesión, ellos no pueden equi-pararse a un funcionario pú-blico", empieza Alejandro Torres, catedrático de Dere-cho Público de la Universi-dad Pública de Navarra.
Torres cita una sentencia de 1993 que declaró inconstitu-cional el artículo 76.1 de la Ley de Arrendamientos Ur-banos. Hasta entonces, un cura podía desalojar a un inquilino de una casa sin tener que probar la necesidad de ocupación. Un padre no podía hacerlo sin demostrar, por ejemplo, que su hijo ne-
cesitaba la casa. La Iglesia sí. Pero aquella sentencia venía a decir que "no se pueden confundir fines estatales con fines religiosos, ni fines pú-blicos con fines religiosos. Ni a la Iglesia con una corpo-ración de derecho público", recuerda Alejandro Torres. "Esa filosofía es trasladable al pie de la letra en el caso de las inmatriculaciones que se están produciendo", asegura.
Puede ser, pero para que uno de estos casos llegue al Constitucional se necesita que un juez plantee una cues-tión de inconstitucionali-dad, o un recurso de ampa-ro. O bien que un particular agote las instancias jurídicas hasta llegar a este tribunal.
"Ellos tienen tiempo y dine-ro, nosotros no", dice el al-calde de Garisoain, Javier Ilzarbe, que solo ha podido salvar una ermita. "Se han quedado con la iglesia de la Asunción, con el atrio, con la casa parroquial, con un solar de esa casa y los restos de otra ermita. Nos dimos cuen-ta hace un par de años, pero no pensamos recurrir, no tenemos posibilidades. Ganas ya tenemos, ya...".
A los alcaldes de los pueblos pequeños, como este de Na-varra, apenas les queda el derecho a la pataleta. "Les cortamos la luz, que siempre
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la habíamos pagado nosotros; ahora la pagan ellos, y aun-que nos siguen pidiendo que les arreglemos cosas ya no les hacemos las obras. En los ochenta les reparamos el te-jado", dice Ilzarbe.
"Para esto se necesita volun-tad política, que los grandes partidos frenen esto o que alguien lo pare en los tribu-nales. Esto está ocurriendo en toda España, es un escán-dalo monumental", dice Jo-semari Esparza, de la Plata-forma navarra Ekimena, cre-ada en 2007 para la defensa del patrimonio en esa comu-nidad.
Pero a los tribunales van los obispos, como hicieron con la ermita del Pilar, en Gari-soain, que el Ayuntamiento se apresuró a registrar antes que ellos. Ganó el pueblo. "Les propusimos que la pro-piedad fuera del pueblo y ellos siguieran con el culto. Nanay, que ellos quieren la propiedad y punto. Encima no pagan ni el impuesto de bienes inmuebles", critica Ilzarbe.
En Huarte, también en Na-varra, el alcalde pidió reunir-se con el obispo. "Se negó y nos recibió el ecónomo. Nos mandó a los tribunales, y ahí estamos. Suerte que tenemos un documento de 1820 en donde la Iglesia da por buena la propiedad del pueblo sobre el templo", dice.
La Conferencia Episcopal Española deja el asunto en manos de cada diócesis. La de Navarra contesta: "La Iglesia no inscribe los edifi-
cios para apropiárselos, sino que los inscribe porque le son propios". Otra cosa, res-ponden en un correo electró-nico, "es que los Ayuntami-entos quieran apropiárselos", por lo que tienen que "defen-derse", aseguran.
"Si los edificios pasan a otras manos no hay garantías de que se sigan destinando al uso para el que fueron crea-dos, como ya ha ocurrido", afirman. Y niegan que pasen a ser suyos solo porque los inscriban. "Cumplimos la ley de 1998: la Iglesia registra lo que es suyo", dicen en el mensaje. Explican también que su gasto en conservación del patrimonio es muy alto: "No es la Iglesia quien se está enriqueciendo con las aportaciones del Estado, sino que es el Estado el que se está ahorrando dinero con las aportaciones de la Iglesia".
Volvamos a Navarra. Y a su catedral. Con dinero público se pagaron millonarias repa-raciones meses antes de que la diócesis la inmatriculara: 15 millones de euros. En 2006, el obispado la hizo suya y pusieron precio a las visitas y a las actividades que allí se desarrollaban, explican en la plataforma. "La Iglesia quiere la propiedad para tres cosas, vender, alquilar o hi-potecar. Sabemos que ya se está vendiendo y alquilando, y desconocemos si se usa para hipotecas", dice Josema-ri Esparza.
Esparza cita un caso singular recogido en el libro que han publicado, el de San Miguel de Lizoain, un templo del
siglo XIII "quemado y desa-cralizado donde el Ayunta-miento iba a montar un cen-tro cívico. En 2003 la Iglesia la inmatriculó, el mismo día que el resto de los templos del valle, y ahora el Ayunta-miento ha tenido que com-prarlo para hacer el centro que planeaba. Un negocio redondo", se indigna Espar-za. Recuerda que antigua-mente las iglesias eran el centro municipal, la escuela, el lugar de reuniones. Todo. "Finalmente, quedó casi en exclusiva como lugar de cul-to, pero nunca fue de ellos. Ahora en Tafalla cobran 300 euros por los conciertos de las bandas que se celebraban tradicionalmente allí. El ne-gocio del futuro de la Iglesia es el inmobiliario", sigue Esparza.
En el libro de la plataforma se analiza también el caso de la capilla de San Fermín, emblemática en Pamplona. "En los archivos se recogen los inmensos esfuerzos que hubo de hacer la ciudad para construirla; tanto que tuvie-ron que suspender las corri-das de toros durante seis años. No puede estar más acreditado que era de propie-dad pública. Pues la diócesis la inmatriculó en 2003. Y hace bien de dinero con ella, por las bodas y otros ritos", explica Esparza.
En Navarra, la plataforma está pidiendo a los alcaldes que saquen normas que im-pidan especular con los ter-renos aledaños a las iglesias, esos que se están inmatricu-lando.
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¿De quién son las iglesias? Hay que bucear en los archi-vos para saberlo, y no siem-pre se tiene constancia. Para la Iglesia, "la posesión pací-fica de bienes inmuebles du-
rante más de 100 años es, jurídicamente, título de pro-piedad suficiente para inscri-birlos legítimamente en el Registro de la Propiedad". Temen que los templos se
usen para otros fines. Pero ese temor no puede extender-se a los frontones, los oliva-res, las casas rectorales, los cementerios. ¿O sí?
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL PAIS (ES) • ESPAÑA • 11/7/2011
Manual de cómo ignorarse a sí mismo
Piruetas administrativas del Supremo y del Poder Judicial anulan los efectos de una sen-tencia del alto tribunal JOSÉ YOLDI - Madrid
¡Qué poderío el del Supre-mo! Es capaz de dictar una sentencia que supone un re-volcón al Consejo General del Poder Judicial y, acto seguido, en una pirueta para ignorarse a sí mismo, hacer todo lo posible para anular sus efectos. Hay que tener mucho sentido del humor para hacer eso, o quizá des-precio por el propio trabajo. Mientras, el Consejo demu-estra, día a día y acto a acto, la naturaleza política de sus decisiones, el cambio de las reglas de juego cuando le conviene a alguno de sus miembros, y que hace tres años que esquiva la Consti-tución al no cubrir la vacante ocasionada por la jubilación de Enrique Bacigalupo en la Sala de lo Penal del Supre-mo, reservada a juristas de reconocida competencia.
Hasta en cuatro ocasiones ha sacado la plaza a concurso y en todas ha quedado desierta, y no porque no haya candida-tos cualificados, como el
catedrático Gonzalo Quintero Olivares o el fiscal Antonio del Moral. Lo que ocurre es que lo de los nombramientos de los cargos judiciales hace tiempo que se ha convertido en un mercadeo, un cambio de cromos y un tráfico de amiguismo. Lamentable y patético. Elijan ustedes el orden.
El 28 de enero de 2010, el vocal José Manuel Gómez Benítez denunció que sus compañeros Margarita Ro-bles, de Jueces para la De-mocracia, y Manuel Alme-nar, de la Asociación Profe-sional de la Magistratura, ideológicamente próximos al PSOE y PP, respectivamente, pactaban entre ellos los nom-bramientos, siguiendo el cri-terio de hoy mi amigo, mañana el tuyo, al margen de la Comisión de Calificación, que es la encargada de hacer el primer filtro de los candi-datos y proponer al Pleno la terna de los mejores.
En aquella ocasión, el desig-nado para un puesto en la
Sala de lo Civil fue Rafael Gimeno-Bayón, que ni siqui-era cumplía los requisitos para el cargo -ya que ni es catedrático, ni profesor titu-lar, ni siquiera doctor y solo llevaba seis años y tres meses como abogado, en lugar de los 15 exigidos- en perjuicio de tres catedráticos de larga y fructífera trayectoria y, al menos dos de ellos, Carlos Lasarte y Juan Roca, referen-cia en esa materia. Claro que ninguno de ellos había sido, como Gimeno-Bayón, mi-embro de Jueces para la De-mocracia e integrante de la Sección 15 de la Audiencia Provincial de Barcelona, donde fue compañero y ami-go de Robles. Seguramente esa circunstancia no tuvo nada que ver con el nombra-miento, pero alguien debería entonces explicar por qué fue elegido un candidato con un currículo tan inferior y sin cumplir los requisitos.
El caso es que poco más de un año después, el pasado 13 de abril, los 36 magistrados de la Sala de lo Contencioso-
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Administrativo del Supremo, por abrumadora mayoría, anularon la decisión del Con-sejo, porque Gimeno-Bayón no llevaba 15 años como abogado. Eso suponía que, al no cumplir los requisitos, no podía ser nombrado de nue-vo, como el Consejo ha he-cho en ocasiones para eludir la decisión del Supremo, cuando la razón de la anula-ción ha sido falta de motiva-ción en el nombramiento o alguna causa similar. La sen-tencia del alto tribunal, ade-más, obligaba al Consejo a votar sobre la terna de cate-dráticos propuesta por la Comisión de Calificación.
¿A que en ese momento pa-recía que el Supremo lo ha-bía previsto todo -Gimeno-
Bayón a la calle y un catedrá-tico de civil de la terna, ele-gido- y no dejaba otras op-ciones?
Pues no. En una pirueta que debería enseñarse en la Fa-cultad de Derecho, en la Es-cuela Judicial y en los MBA de negocios, el Pleno del Consejo ha ejecutado la sen-tencia, certificando que Gi-meno-Bayón no puede ser magistrado de la Sala Civil del Supremo. Al mismo ti-empo, ha votado sobre los tres catedráticos y, a pesar de su indudable categoría, pres-tigio y preparación, no los ha encontrado adecuados y ha dejado la plaza desierta. Qui-zá por años, hasta el siguien-te cambio de cromos.
Mientras tanto, la Sala de Gobierno del Supremo, por unanimidad, ha propuesto al Consejo que como refuerzo de la Sala Civil se incorpore Gimeno-Bayón en calidad de suplente, una categoría que en el alto tribunal no existía, y el Pleno del Consejo lo ha aprobado, con lo cual, el candidato que no cumple los requisitos, se sucede, o me-jor, se suple a sí mismo. ¡Prueba conseguida! ¿No es genial?
Como decía Henry Ford, el gran impulsor de los auto-móviles en Estados Unidos: "El cliente puede comprar un coche del color que desee, siempre y cuando sea negro".
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • LE MONDE (FR) • INTERNATIONAL • 11/7/2011 • 03:24:35
Le Sénégal suspend l'expulsion d'Hissène Habré au Tchad L ancien président tchadien Hissène Habré, réfugié au Sénégal depuis sa chute en 1990 et poursuivi pour cri-mes contre l humanité, devait être renvoyé dans son pays d origine, lundi 11 juillet, pour y être jugé. Mais dimanche, le Sénégal a décidé de sus-pendre son expulsion pour répondre à une requête de l ONU qui s était demandé si une telle mesure ne constitu-ait pas "une violation du droit international". Le Haut commissariat aux droits de l homme et plusi-eurs organisations de défense des droits de l homme avai-ent en effet vivement critiqué
sa possible expulsion au T-chad, doutant qu il puisse y bénéficier d un procès équi-table. Lundi, le ministre des affai-res étrangères sénégalais, Madické Niang, a déclaré que son pays allait engager "immédiatement des consul-tations avec l ONU, l Union africaine et la communauté internationale" pour "qu une solution puisse intervenir rapidement". VERS UNE EXTRADITI-ON DE HABRÉ EN BEL-GIQUE Le Sénégal avait annoncé vendredi qu il allait renvoyer M. Habré à N Djamena, fai-
sant valoir la nécessité de se conformer à la demande de l Union africaine de "le juger ou l extrader". Or, pour le Sénégal, la Communauté économique des Etats d Afri-que de l Ouest (Cédéao), en suggérant en 2010 la création d une juridiction spéciale pour juger Hissène Habré, accusé de crimes de guerre et de crimes contre l humanité pendant ses huit ans au pou-voir (1982-1990), "interdit" au Sénégal de le juger. Lundi, le gouvernement t-chadien a aussitôt réagi en exprimant "ses vifs regrets face à ce revirement du Sé-négal, car toutes les disposi-
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tions ont été prises pour assu-rer la sécurité de Hissène Habré et pour programmer un procès équitable", selon un communiqué du gouver-nement lu par le ministre de la communication et porte-parole du gouvernement, Kalzeubé Pahimi. Selon lui, N Djamena "n exclut pas l hypothèse de transfèrement de M. Hissène Habré en Bel-gique. L essentiel pour le
gouvernement tchadien c est que le procès ait lieu pour rendre justice à la mémoire des victimes et pour conso-ler" leurs familles. L avocat américain Reed Brody, de human rights Watch, s est déclaré heureux que le président Wade ait suspendu cette expulsion mal préparée. "L extradition de Habré en Belgique est dé-sormais la seule option pour
s assurer qu il répondra des accusations contre lui lors d un procès équitable", a-t-il ajouté. La Belgique, qui réclame l extradition d Habré pour le juger, ainsi que plusieurs organisations de défense des droits de l homme, avaient également déploré son renvoi prévu vers le Tchad.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • SÜDDEUTSCHE ZEITUNG (BL) • MEDIEN • 11/7/2011 • 04:28:00
TV-Kritik: Letzter Sonntags-Talk von Anne Will: Schwere Geschütze Kein Wort über Günther Jau-ch, dafür wurde es in Anne Wills letzter Sonntags-Runde ordentlich laut: Die Frage, ob Deutschland Panzer nach Saudi-Arabien liefern darf, erhitzt die Gemüter. Vor al-lem Talkshowdauergast Ar-nulf Baring stänkert auf seine alten Tage gegen alle, die nicht seiner Meinung sind: "Ach, Kinder, ihr seid so simpel!" Auf diesem Platz hatte es Anne Will in der ARD nie besonders leicht: Bevor sie die Nachfolge von Sabine Christiansen im sonntaga-bendlichen Polit-Talk über-nahm, galt sie noch als he-rausragend angenehme Ta-gesthemen-Moderatorin (2001 bis 2007), der es ge-lang, die Nachrichten mit ironischem Lächeln noncha-lant zu verkünden und die Interviewpartner auch mal härter anzupacken. Erfrischend wirkte das da-mals und stand den Öffentlich-Rechtlichen, die gerade dabei waren, ihren
Nachrichten einen jüngeren und lebhafteren Anstrich zu verleihen, gut zu Gesicht. Ihre hochgezogene Augen-braue gelangte zu dieser Zeit zu Berühmtheit. Grimme-Preis, Goldene Kamera und der Deutsche Fernsehpreis waren der Dank. Mit der all-gemeinen Beliebtheit war es allerdings vorbei, sobald sie sich in die Manege des Polit-Talks begeben sollte - obwo-hl sie ihre Sache besser ma-chte als ihre Vorgängerin. Wo Sabine Christiansen von 1998 bis 2007 die Sendung zwar zur wichtigsten politis-chen Talkrunde im deutschen Fernsehen gemacht, den Männerrunden der Macht aber oft genug nicht mehr als ein zartes Lächeln entgegen-zusetzen hatte, war Anne Wills Moderation von An-fang an aus einem anderen Holz: Mit ruhiger Hand führ-te sie freundlich aber bes-timmt ihre Gesprächspartner bisweilen vor, ließ sich we-niger die Butter vom Brot nehmen als ihre Vorgängerin,
insistierte auf Fragen, die sie gestellt hatte, ließ sich nie aus der Fassung bringen - und ließ auch schon mal je-manden so lange reden, bis er sich verplappert hatte, um dann seine Argumentation zu widerlegen. Den Rundfunkräten war das anfangs zu wenig: Sie moni-erten Anfang 2008 in einem eher unüblichen Akt der Kri-tik, die Moderatorin habe die Fakten nicht schnell genug parat, könne Diskussionsverläufen nicht folgen und habe Probleme mit der Faktensicherheit. Anne Will setzte sich durch - und blieb. Bis jetzt: Von September an wird Schwie-germutterliebling Günther Jauch, dann 55-jährig, den Sonntags-Talk übernehmen, Anne Will, 45, muss umzie-hen auf einen weniger pro-minenten Platz am Mittwo-chabend. In ihrer letzten Sendung ließ sie nun noch einmal schwere Geschütze auffahren - im wahrsten Sin-ne des Wortes: Unter der
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Frage, ob Deutschland Kampfpanzer nach Saudi-Arabien liefern dürfe, ging es einigermaßen hoch her. Baring versus Sommer Vor allem Talkshowdauer-gast Arnulf Baring durfte ordentlich stänkern: Der 79-jährige Publizist bezeichnete sämtliche Gesprächspartner, die nicht seiner Meinung waren, wiederholt und vehe-ment als "simpel" und blauäugig und verteidigte lautstark Waffenlieferungen der Bundesregierung auch an Länder mit instabilen Verhältnissen - weil die Welt nun mal nicht so sei, wie man sich das wünsche: "Wer die Menschenrechte für ein absolut verbindliches Instru-ment unserer Außenpolitik hält, wird scheitern. In der Welt haben wir vielleicht knapp 200 Regierungen, von denen 180 des Teufels sind,
alle schlecht, alle undemo-kratisch, unterdrücken und quälen die Leute." Es sei naiv, zu fordern, Deutschland dürfe nur an Bündnispartner und nicht an Länder mit instabilen Verhältnissen liefern. "Wir sind nun einmal Waffenex-porteure", ließ Baring höchst ungeduldig verlauten - und sorgte mehrfach für Lacher im Publikum, als er seinen Nebensitzer, Zeit-Mann Theo Sommer, mal als zu jung und mal als zu alt bezeichnete. Journalist Sommer spielte in der Sendung seinen maßvollen Gegenpart, wobei Baring immer wieder wie ein cholerischer Springteufel dazwischenschoss. Doch Sommer ließ sich nicht beir-ren, mit ruhiger Stimme for-derte der 81-Jährige ehema-lige Herausgeber der Zeit die Bundesregierung zur Offen-
legung ihrer geplanten Waf-fenlieferungen auf. Zwar müssten nicht die Details der Planung des Verkaufs von 200 Leopard 2-Panzern an Saudi-Arabien der Öffentlichkeit präsentiert werden, wohl aber die Ents-cheidung darüber, ob die Waffen geliefert würden oder nicht. Für den Fall nämlich, dass tatsächlich deutsche Panzer an ein Regime verkauft wür-den, die es auch gegen sein eigenes Volk richten könne, sei das eine Katastrophe: "Denen jetzt Panzer zu s-chicken mit sogenannten Räumschilden, gleichsam Demonstrantenbaggern, De-monstrantenschaufeln, nach-dem sie in Bahrain geholfen haben, die schiitische Erhe-bung niederzuschlagen, finde ich absolut fürchterlich."
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • SÜDDEUTSCHE ZEITUNG (BL) • DIGITAL • 11/7/2011 • 08:04:00
Internet-Forschung in Berlin: Google-Institut nimmt Formen an Zehn Mitarbeiter werden künftig am Berliner Internet-Institut die Auswirkungen der modernen Technologien auf die Gesellschaft erfors-chen. Finanziell wird das Projekt dabei mit einem Mil-lionenbetrag von Google unterstützt. Auf die Fors-chung soll das aber keinen Einfluss haben. Ab Herbst soll das "Institut für Internet und Gesellschaft" das weltweite Netz und seine Folgen erforschen. Die Humboldt-Universität (HU), die Universität der Künste
und das Wissenschaftszen-trum Berlin für Sozialfors-chung (WZB) erklärten nun Details des Projekts, das mit 4,5 Millionen Euro vom Su-chmaschinengiganten Google finanziert wird. Zunächst auf drei Jahre be-grenzt, doch werde sich der US-Konzern auch darüber hinaus engagieren, wenn es die wirtschaftliche Lage zu-lasse, sagte Google-Lobbyist Max Senges. In dieser Zeit wolle man aber auch weitere Förderer aquirieren.
Trotz dieser finanziellen Un-terstützung soll die neue Ein-richtung organisatorisch und inhaltlich autonom arbeiten, betonten die Forscher. Das soll die Aufteilung in eine Forschungs- und eine Fördergesellschaft gewährleisten. Der Vorstandsvorsitzende von Google, Eric Schmidt, sagte in einer Videobots-chaft: "Das Institut soll einen Beitrag leisten, um die Veränderungen zu beschrei-ben, die mit der Entwicklung dieser bahnbrechenden Te-
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chnologie verbunden sind." Konkrete Wünsche äußerte er in der knappen Aufzeich-nung jedoch nicht. Los geht es im Oktober mit einer Fachtagung zu den He-rausforderungen des Inter-nets. Das neue Institut werde vor allem "die vom Internet ausgelösten und verstärkten Veränderungen der Gesells-chaft besser verstehen" und "allen Gruppen die Mitges-taltung der digitalen vernetz-ten Zukunft" ermöglichen.
Vier Themengebiete sollen erforscht werden: Internet-basierte Innovationen, Regu-lierung, die Wirkung des Internets auf Recht und Ver-fassung sowie Medienpoli-tik. Das Institut wird an der juristischen Fakultät der HU sitzen und anfangs etwa zehn Mitarbeiter beschäftigen. Einen Zugriff auf die Daten-banken von Google hätten die Forscher allerdings nicht, wie es hieß. Konkret schwebt den Fors-chern vor, die Plattform "Re-
gulation-Watch" zu starten, um die politischen Spielre-geln für das Internet einem internationalen Vergleich zu unterziehen. Auch die Fol-gen, die eine Zensur in Ländern wie China für die jeweiligen Angebote habe, werde erforscht. Google hat selbst Probleme, mit seinen Angeboten in den chinesis-chen Markt vorzustoßen. Der Konzern wehrt sich gegen Zensur.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • SÜDDEUTSCHE ZEITUNG (BL) • POLITIK • 11/7/2011 • 12:01:00
Israel weist deutsche Aktivisten aus: "Es war eng und heiß in der Zelle" 500 bis 600 Palästina-Aktivisten aus dem Ausland im Westjordanland - das war den israelischen Behörden zu viel. Sie fürchteten Provoka-tionen und verhinderten die Einreise von Demonstranten aus Europa und den USA. Für den Berliner Martin For-berg bedeutete das zwei Nächte in Gewahrsam - zeit-weise unter empörenden Be-dingungen. Sonntagnacht wurde er ausgeflogen. Sie wollten im Westjordan-land protestieren, doch statt-dessen verbrachten sie das Wochenende in Abschiebe-haft: Israel hat propalästinensische Aktivis-ten, die sich zu einem soge-nannten Fly-in verabredet hatten, am Flughafen Ben Gurion in Tel Aviv abgefan-gen. 500 bis 600 Teilnehmer aus Europa und den USA hatten sich angekündigt, um auf Einladung
palästinensischer Gruppen an der Aktion "Welcome to Pa-lestine" teilzunehmen. Ein israelischer Demonstrant, der die internationalen Pro-Palästina-Aktivisten begrüßen wollte, zeigt nach seiner Festnahme am Flugha-fen Ben Gurion in Tel Aviv das Victory-Zeichen: Israel wehrte sich gegen Massen-proteste ausländischer Palästina-Aktivisten. In Israel herrscht Demonstra-tionsfreiheit, jedoch behält sich der Staat das Recht vor, "Provokateuren" die Einreise zu verweigern. (Eine Stel-lungnahme der israelischen Botschaft in Berlin finden Sie am Ende des Interviews). Etwa 300 Demonstranten wurden bereits am Abflug gehindert, etwa 120 verbra-chten das Wochenende in Abschiebegefängnissen. Da-runter auch der 53 Jahre alte Journalist Martin Forberg,
der am Sonntagabend nach Berlin ausgeflogen wurde. sueddeutsche.de: Herr For-berg, Sie sind am Freitag mit einer Reisegruppe nach Tel Aviv geflogen, um an der Aktion "Willkommen in Palästina" teilzunehmen. Was hat Sie dazu bewogen? Martin Forberg: Wir woll-ten zunächst einmal den palästinensischen Alltag kennenlernen. Die Idee hinter der Aktion war, auf die Pro-bleme der Menschen in den besetzten palästinensischen Gebieten hinzuweisen. Vor allem auf die mangelnde Bewegungsfreiheit. Und zu-gleich wollten wir das Recht der Palästinenserinnen und Palästinenser unterstreichen, uns zu sich einzuladen. Diese Einladung ging von palästinensischen zivilgesel-lschaftlichen Organisationen aus. Uns war auch wichtig, unser Recht, sie zu besuchen,
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wahrzunehmen. Wir wollten friedlich auf die Menschen-rechtsverletzungen durch die israelische Besatzung hin-weisen. sueddeutsche.de: Dazu ist es nicht gekommen. Wie auch viele andere Teilnehmer wurden Sie am Flughafen Ben Gurion aufgehalten. Is-rael wolle sich vor "Provoka-teuren" schützen, hieß es. Fühlen Sie sich angespro-chen? Forberg: Dieser Begriff ist von der israelischen Regie-rung in Umlauf gebracht worden, um uns zu diskredi-tieren. Auch ich bin kein Provokateur, sondern wie andere Beteiligte ein gemäßigter Mensch, der ver-sucht, Probleme bei der Wurzel zu packen und trans-parent zu machen. Ich bin im Vorstand der Internationalen Liga für Menschenrechte und beschäftige mich seit langem mit Israel und Palästina, auch beruflich. Mir geht es um gleiche Rechte für alle, die dort leben. sueddeutsche.de: Können Sie ausschließen, dass unter
den Teilnehmern gewaltbe-reite Aktivisten waren? Forberg: Ja, das würde ich ausschließen. Unter uns wa-ren Menschen jeden Alters, aus verschiedenen politis-chen Kulturen und sozialen Schichten. Menschen mit verschiedenen Temperamen-ten: hier eher bedächtig, dort etwas bunter. Die Basis war die Gewaltlosigkeit, und die Vielfalt halte ich für bele-bend und allemal für legitim. sueddeutsche.de: Einige Teilnehmer der Aktion konn-ten die Reise gar nicht antre-ten, weil Sie auf einer "sch-warzen Liste" standen. Hat-ten Sie solche Probleme? Forberg: Eine Kollegin be-kam am Vorabend der Reise einen Anruf von der Lufthan-sa. Sie werde in Israel kein Visum bekommen, daher könne man sie nicht mitneh-men. Dass Fluggesellschaf-ten sich hier haben unter Druck setzen lassen, halte ich für skandalös. In diesem Fall wurde sogar der Flug von Berlin nach Frankfurt unmöglich gemacht, was ich zusätzlich problematisch
finde. Bei den anderen Mit-gliedern meiner 13-köpfigen Gruppe gab es keine Proble-me. Wir sind von Frankfurt nach Tel Aviv geflogen und in dieser Maschine waren auch etwa 20 belgische Teil-nehmerinnen und Teilnehmer an Bord. Die Maschine kam gegen 23 Uhr Ortszeit an - mit siebenstündiger Verspätung, da das ursprün-gliche Flugzeug ein technis-ches Problem bekam. sueddeutsche.de: Am Flu-ghafen Ben Gurion sind Sie dann schon erwartet worden. Forberg: Es waren einige Sicherheitsleute zu sehen. Je näher wir der Passkontrolle kamen, umso mehr wurden es. Wir wurden mehrfach von Polizisten angehalten, konnten jedoch zunächst weitergehen. Am Schalter wurden wir nach dem Ziel unserer Reise gefragt. Da habe ich wahrheitsgemäß angegeben, ich sei Tourist und wolle an der Aktion "Willkommen in Palästina" teilnehmen. sueddeutsche.de: Wie haben die Beamten reagiert?
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • CLARÍN (AR) • POLÍTICA • 11/7/2011
Escuelas sin rampas y listados incompletos Por Lucio Fernández Moo-res
Faltaba que dijera “porfi”. La chica, de poco más de 20 años, había llegado diez mi-nutos tarde al Colegio Gua-dalupe, en Palermo, y no pudo votar. “Tenías desde las
8 de la mañana”, le dijo con cara de póker uno de los de-legados del Poder Judicial de la Ciudad en esa escuela. “Es que vengo del interior”, rogó la chica, mientras un hombre de Prefectura le cer-raba la puerta a las 18.10.
Fueron varios los que no pudieron votar, pero no tanto por haber llegado tarde sino porque no figuraban en los padrones. Mucha gente que en los últimos meses tramitó su nuevo Documento Nacional de Identidad (DNI),
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el de color celeste, tampoco pudo hacerlo.
Desde la Justicia nacional ya habían advertido que por las modificaciones de la nueva ley electoral, los cambios de domicilio realizados este año no quedarían computados.
Eso le pasó a otra chica acompañada por su madre en la misma escuela de Palermo.
Otro problema fueron los listados expuestos sobre las
paredes de las escuelas, a la calle. No figuraban todas las hojas. Eso le pasó a este cro-nista. La explicación fue que los presidentes de mesa no tenían suficientes copias y prefirieron entregar las pocos que tenían a los fiscales par-tidarios. El Tribunal Superior de Justicia (TSJ) de la Ciu-dad dispuso una computado-ra por escuela para corrobo-rar la mesa donde uno vota-ba.
Pese a estos pequeños incon-venientes, tanto desde el ma-crismo como desde la oposi-ción y los órganos que con-trolaron el comicio (el TSJ, la Defensoría del Pueblo, Poder Ciudadano, entre o-tros) destacaron que no hubo grandes inconvenientes y que todo fue normal. La Defenso-ría advirtió la falta de ram-pas para discapacitados , como en Rodríguez Peña 747.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL UNIVERSAL • NACIONAL Y POLÍTICA • 11/7/2011
Magistrados del TSJ están entre los peores pagados
Ley de Emolumentos los puso, de un día a otro, en la cola del continente JUAN FRANCISCO A-LONSO
La decisión de la Directiva del Tribunal Supremo de Justicia (TSJ) de otorgarle a los 32 magistrados una tarje-ta de alimentación, por un monto de 10 mil bolívares mensuales, ha vuelto a colo-car en el tapete el debate so-bre los ingresos de los mi-embros del máximo juzgado. Para unos la medida, que tiene carácter retroactivo desde febrero, es una burla a la Ley Orgánica de Emolu-mentos, Pensiones y Jubila-ciones de Altos Funcionarios del Estado, la cual fijó en 12 salarios mínimos el tope que pueden devengar estos servi-dores públicos (16.800 bolí-vares en la actualidad); y para otros demuestra la in-conveniencia de haber apro-
bado dicho texto, por consi-derar que podría terminar siendo un foco de irregulari-dades e incluso actos de cor-rupción.
Lo cierto es que la aplicación del instrumento ha tenido sus consecuencias. Hasta febrero de este año los sueldos de los miembros del TSJ, los cuales oscilaban entorno a los 30 mil bolívares, se encontraban dentro del promedio regional. Sin embargo, todo eso cam-bió a partir de la primera quincena de ese mes, cuando sus remuneraciones fueron reducidas en más de 50% para ajustarlas a la Ley.
En la actualidad los magis-trados venezolanos se encu-entran entre los peores paga-dos de la región. Así lo reve-la un estudio elaborado por
este diario y para el cual se obtuvieron, a través de dis-tintos medios latinoamerica-nos, los ingresos actualizados de los miembros de las cortes y tribunales supremos de once países de la región (ver infografía anexa).
La comparación muestra que los ministros de la Suprema Corte de Justicia de México, con 350 mil pesos, unos 29.800 dólares, no solo si-guen siendo los mejores pa-gados de la región, sino que de paso perciben unos mon-tos comparables con los del presidente de los Estados Unidos, Barack Obama.
Por su parte, los miembros de las cortes Suprema y Consti-tucional colombianas casi cuadruplican a sus homólo-gos venezolanos al recibir
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unos 23 millones de pesos (13 mil dólares).
Pero es que hasta en países más pequeños que Venezuela como Ecuador los jueces del máximo juzgado están mejor pagados, pues cobran unos 5.000 dólares; mientras que los venezolanos apenas per-ciben unos 3.900 a cambio oficial, pero si se calcula al permuta ni siquiera superarí-an a los de países centroame-ricanos como Costa Rica, los
cuales reciben unos 2.500 mil dólares.
En países como Estados Uni-dos o Argentina la aprobaci-ón de una ley como la de Emolumentos sería impensa-ble. ¿La razón? Sus constitu-ciones establecen disposicio-nes que prohiben cualquier disminución de los ingresos de los miembros de la judica-tura mientras estén en ejerci-cio.
En el TSJ la decisión de o-torgarle a los magistrados una tarjeta de alimentación, a modo de compensación por la disminución de sus ingre-sos, tampoco ha sentado bi-en. La magistrada Blanca Rosa Mármol, por ejemplo, no solo la rechazó, sino que exigió a sus colegas de la Sala Constitucional que anu-len la ley que les redujo los sueldos, por considerar que atenta contra la autonomía del Poder Judicial y que viola sus derechos laborales.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL UNIVERSAL • NACIONAL Y POLÍTICA • 11/7/2011
"Chávez no está en condiciones de imponerle nada a nadie"
"El mayor disuasivo para cualquier manotazo es hacer valer el poder civil y el poder de los votos" (...) " Es un secreto a voces que el ungido es Adán Chávez pero no puede nom-brarlo vicepresidente", apunta el secretario general de Acción Democrática.
ELVIA GÓMEZ , HENRY RAMOS ALLUP , SE-CRETARIO GENERAL DE AD
Sin ambages, Henry Ramos Allup expone sus preocupa-ciones urgentes sobre el ines-table panorama nacional, agravado por la enfermedad del presidente Hugo Chávez, que ha hecho -asegura- que sectores del chavismo ade-lanten contactos oficiosos con opositores sobre los que guardó reserva. En esta co-yuntura, el secretario general de Acción Democrática rati-fica la voluntad institucional de la Mesa de la Unidad, pero estima necesario que el
Gobierno haga lo mismo. Formuló un "llamado agóni-co" a los poderes públicos para que inhiban cualquier tentación de "un manotazo".
-Cuando se trata de Mira-flores siempre ha tenido buenas fuentes. ¿Qué sabe de la salud del presidente Chávez?
-La enfermedad torpemente manejada por el Gobierno y parcialmente despejada por el Presidente está incidiendo mucho en el cuadro político. Lo que me informan es que la enfermedad es muy grave y nadie se atrevería a dar un pronóstico que señale que el
Presidente está curado ni tampoco que su deceso sea inminente. Lo que sí sé es que estamos corriendo con las consecuencias de que se haya constituido en este país un régimen unipersonal, au-tocrático, sin separación de poderes y sin sustituciones que mantienen al país en vilo. No sé si va a caer bien lo que digo y hasta parecería mentira, pero lo mejor que puede pasar es que el Presi-dente sea candidato para las elecciones de 2012. Sobre la gravedad de la salud del Pre-sidente no estoy haciendo conjeturas. Es evidente la carnicería que existe en el seno del Gobierno, en el
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PSUV, en las FAN por la sucesión. Eso pasa porque esos sectores o tienen infor-mación o están convencidos de que al Presidente no le queda mucho tiempo de vida. Insisto en el tema: en cual-quier país la ausencia de un Presidente no altera la vida normal porque las institucio-nes funcionan, pero aquí cu-ando el autócrata no está el país queda a la deriva.
-Llamó la atención que en el desfile del Bicentenario, ante la presencia virtual del Presidente, la presencia física del vicepresidente fue ignorada por los militares.
-Es muy grave que las FAN sigan en la eterna tentación de ser el factor determinante en el rumbo político del país. Ese día pusieron al poder civil, al vicepresidente y los invitados, en la fila de atrás y en plan protagónico a los militares, como para decir dónde está la fuerza. Eso a mí me preocupa mucho. Pero es que ellos fueron a desempeñar el rol político que les ha asignado el Presi-dente. Un Presidente que a distancia daba vítores y ex-presaba su complacencia por ese despliegue de fuerzas. Yo quisiera aprovechar en esta hora dramática que está vivi-endo Venezuela -que es dra-mática por mucho que el Gobierno trate de hacer pasar por debajo de la mesa la fe-roz lucha de poder entre las principales facciones civiles y militares en el seno del Gobierno- para hacerle un llamado agónico de atención a las instituciones. Al Tribu-nal Supremo, a la Fiscalía, a
la Asamblea Nacional, a que entiendan su propia tragedia, que es que se haya acabado con la autonomía de los po-deres. Traería mucho sosiego y mucha serenidad si comen-zaran a tomar decisiones jus-tas y que no se los siguiera viendo como apéndices de una autocracia. Que entienda el Gobierno que nosotros no andamos en ninguna jugada que signifique sobresaltos. Los golpes de estado los dan los militares, a los civiles no nos queda otro recurso que el voto y de ese vamos a hacer uso, pero también me preo-cupa que algunos factores determinados que están con-tra el Gobierno creen que el mandado está hecho.
-¿Esa preocupación alude a factores dentro o fuera de la Mesa de la Unidad?
-Dentro y fuera. La informa-ción sobre la enfermedad de Chávez impactó a todos los partidos y es posible que unos estén sacando cuentas alegres. Yo no puedo decir que es el partido A o el parti-do B, pero sí noto cierta an-gustia. Ahora más que nunca debemos preservar la unidad a todo trance y por encima de cualquier aspiración partidis-ta o personal. Y cuando digo unidad llamo la atención so-bre las tentaciones de andar fundando por aquí o por allá organizaciones paralelas, quizás con muy buenas in-tenciones pero que en todo caso debilitan la unidad.
-Chávez no tenía en su plan enfermarse ¿se le escapó el militarismo de las manos?
-Es posible que se le haya escapado, porque Chávez sabe lo mismo que los demás saben: que él no está en con-diciones físicas ni políticas de imponerle nada a nadie. Esa es la verdad. Esa debili-dad en el Presidente que él trasluce y transmite en sus intervenciones es la misma debilidad que perciben todos y cuando eso ocurre todo el mundo se alza.
-¿Entonces quién manda?
-Un Presidente que manda a control remoto pero en la práctica todo el mundo sabe que quien manda no es (Elí-as) Jaua. ¿O es que nos va-mos a hacer la fantasía de que cuando Chávez no esté Jaua manda?
-¿Se sabe quién no manda pero no quién manda?
-Así es. Esa es una excelente frase.
-¿Dónde pone esa situación que describe al resto de los poderes públicos?
-¡Ese es mi llamado agónico a que las instituciones se comporten como tales! La sensación de que las institu-ciones existen y que el Gobi-erno existe legítimamente y se comporta de acuerdo a la Constitución disuade cual-quier intento de gobernar por la fuerza. Ese es el mayor disuasivo para cualquier ma-notazo: hacer valer el poder civil y el poder de los votos. Si eso ocurriera aquí no an-duviera nadie acariciando la idea de hacerse del poder por la fuerza.
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-¿Está el país a las puertas de un golpe dentro del cha-vismo?
-De una situación de facto donde quien va a ejercer el poder son los de la Fuerza Armada con un mascarón de proa que son los del poder civil a quienes dejen ahí de-signados cuando Chávez regrese a Cuba. Porque tie-nen que decir la verdad sin ambigüedades: Chávez va a seguir yéndose a hacerse tratamientos periódicos que no se los va a hacer aquí.
-¿Qué señales ve para que diga que Hugo Chávez está tan debilitado?
-A mí me llamo la atención la alocución que el Presiden-te hizo desde el balcón del pueblo, solamente con su familia y los militares abajo con el público. Así como me llamó la atención cuando desde Cuba no improvisó sino que leyó. Creo que es la primera vez que lo veo. Esos son señales de no permitirse licencias, de no improvisar y de hacer un discurso bien pensado de los cubanos con Chávez o de Fidel y Chávez. Es un secreto a voces que el
ungido es Adán Chávez, por supuesto que no puede nom-brarlo vicepresidente porque no puede violar la Constitu-ción. Por ahí se habla de ci-erta maroma: Jaua accedería a la Presidencia por renuncia de Chávez, designaría a A-dán vicepresidente y luego a su vez renuncia Jaua para que quede Adán de Presiden-te. Yo no veo esta maroma posible pero uno no sabe ahora qué puede pasar. Está cobrando fuerza en el seno del chavismo la tesis de que si no es Chávez I es Chávez II, casi lo mismo que si no es Fidel es Raúl. Como aquí no pueden hacerlo de facto ten-drían que hacerlo electoral-mente: si no es Hugo Chávez el candidato en el 2012 lo sería Adán Chávez. Ahora bien, aún en esa eventualidad la oposición está obligada a mantenerse unida para ganar las elecciones de 2012.
-¿La Mesa no ha analizado este tema?
-No, porque no hemos hecho reuniones. Se han emitido comunicados y declaracio-nes, todas muy sensatas. Yo comparto plenamente todas las declaraciones que ha dado
Ramón Guillermo Aveledo, pero la Mesa como cuerpo se tiene que reunir y decidir. Todas las organizaciones que estamos dentro de la Mesa estamos apostando sólo a una salida electoral.
-¿Ante el peligro de más militarismo qué debe hacer la Mesa?
-Yo no quisiera ni hablar de énfasis en la salida democrá-tica porque todos estamos convencidos de eso, pero lo tenemos que decir otra vez como si nosotros fuéramos sospechosos de andar jugan-do a alguna salida no consti-tucional. Quienes tienen que aclarar son el Gobierno, el PSUV, el Presidente, que ellos no van a incurrir en ningún sobresalto, en ningún autogolpe, en ningún golpe de fuerza, que ellos van a las elecciones de 2012 y que van a respetar los resultados. Quien amenazó públicamente que las FAN no reconocerían un resultado electoral fue el general Henry Rangel Silva que estaba el 5 de julio en primera fila. Las aclaratorias son de aquel lado, no de aquí.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL PERUANO (SP) • POLÍTICA • 11/7/2011
Una posición jurídica y diplomática La presentación de la dúplica que realiza Chile hoy ante la Corte Internacional de La Haya, como respuesta a la réplica peruana por el dife-
rendo del límite marítimo, encuentra al Perú en una me-jor posición por la solidez de sus argumentos, señaló el embajador Hugo de Zela
Hurtado. "Indudablemente que sí lo encuentra en mejor posición, porque los argu-mentos esgrimidos por el Perú son de carácter jurídico,
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histórico, diplomático, que han reforzado enormemente la posición peruana", declaró a Andina.Refirió que según lo trascendido a las expresio-nes del canciller chileno, Alfredo Moreno, Chile agre-gará como argumento adi-cional en su dúplica, la solu-ción del problema fronterizo marítimo entre Perú y Ecua-dor al que llegaron ambas naciones recientemente, con
base en la línea del parale-lo."El acuerdo que se ha lle-gado con el Ecuador consti-tuye un tratado propiamente dicho a la luz del derecho internacional porque se han precisado las coordenadas, los puntos y perfiles físicos tanto del Ecuador como del Perú", dijo.Señaló que debi-do a la presencia de islas en la frontera marítima con E-cuador, Perú en su momento
aceptó aplicar las líneas del paralelo a fin de no quedarse en propiedad con esas islas netamente ecuatorianas."No hay ninguna isla en la fronte-ra marítima con Chile que pueda justificar la posición chilena para que la Corte de La Haya aplique la línea del paralelo, en el frente delimi-tatorio", dijo.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL PERUANO (SP) • POLÍTICA • 11/7/2011
Chile presenta hoy su dúplica por controversia marítima con Perú
Gobierno de Sebastián Piñera supervisó en detalle todo el proceso El gobierno de Sebastián Piñera entrega hoy su dúplica a la Corte Internacional de Justicia de La Haya, en el diferendo de delimitación marítima entre Chile y Perú, con lo que concluye la fase escrita del contencioso jurí-dico. El agente chileno en La Haya, Alberto van Klaveren, será quien entregue la respu-esta de Chile cerrando así la fase escrita del juicio que comenzó en 2008 y cuya fase oral se iniciará a comienzos de 2012.La información pro-veniente de Santiago refiere que el canciller Alfredo Mo-reno supervisó el proceso desde que Perú, en noviem-bre pasado, entregó su répli-
ca en La Haya.Según la pren-sa, Chile centrará su respues-ta en la aceptación por parte de Perú de la carta náutica presentada por Ecuador ante la ONU, lo que a juicio de Santiago es favorable para la postura de ese país.El Estado peruano optó por interponer la demanda apelando al Tra-tado Americano de Solucio-nes Pacíficas, conocido como Pacto de Bogotá, que impone como obligación general a los signatarios resolver sus conflictos a través de medios pacíficos y le confiere juris-dicción a la Corte de La Ha-ya.De acuerdo a los antece-dentes, Perú interpuso la de-manda para establecer el lí-
mite marítimo con Chile por-que el gobierno de ese país considera que la frontera marítima ya se encuentra fijada, merced a dos tratados tripartitos que fueron tambi-én suscritos por Ecua-dor.Lima argumenta que esos acuerdos de 1952 y 1954 solo tienen carácter pesquero, mientras que Santiago los considera instrumentos jurí-dicos que fijan el límite marí-timo.Ambos acuerdos fueron suscritos por los tres países cuando los pescadores, usu-almente artesanales, sobrepa-saban su propio mar territori-al y eran detenidos por las autoridades de la nación limí-trofe.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL PERUANO (SP) • POLÍTICA • 11/7/2011
Confianza en tesis peruana
Tratado de límites marítimos con Ecuador le da mayor solidez, afirma Espera que tribunal no cam-bie la jurisprudencia de fallos anteriores El ex canciller Javier Arias Stella expresó su confianza en que la Corte Internacional de Justicia de La Haya no cambiará la ju-risprudencia sentada en fallos anteriores, respecto a la línea equidistante para la definici-ón de diferendos de delimita-ción marítima. Subrayó que la tesis peruana, que también se sustenta en la delimitación marítima con Chile a través de una línea equidistante, es sólida; más aún con el trata-do de límites marítimos reci-entemente suscrito con Ecu-ador."Esperemos que la tesis peruana salga adelante por su contundencia y los antece-dentes que se vienen dando (en los recientes fallos de la Corte), que motivan a que estemos optimistas, no hay un elemento para cambiar las
cosas", declaró a la Agencia Andina. Trabajo positivo El embajador señaló que el acu-erdo limítrofe marítimo entre el Perú y Ecuador, reciente-mente inscrito en las Nacio-nes Unidas, es un factor que contribuye a la posición pe-ruana dentro del contencioso interpuesto contra Chile. La Haya ha resuelto, mediante sendos fallos, el límite marí-timo entre Colombia y Nica-ragua; Honduras y Nicaragua y, por último, entre Ucrania y Rumania mediante el trazado de una línea equidistante, lo cual respalda la posición pe-ruana en la controversia jurí-dica que sostiene con Chile. Asimismo, calificó de positi-vo el trabajo desarrollado por el agente peruano ante La Haya, Alan Wagner, y resaltó que el diplomático realizó una labor armónica al interés nacional, sin afectar las rela-
ciones con el país sureño. Destacó que el correcto desempeño del equipo de juristas que defienden la cau-sa peruana ante el menciona-do tribunal internacional, el cual logró –dijo– que la con-traparte, Chile, esté dispuesto a aceptar lo que resuelva La Haya. "Las cosas se han con-ducido de manera armónica y se ha llegado al punto en que las dos partes han aceptado que están dispuestas que el asunto lo entienda la Corte y que aceptarán los resultados del fallo", refirió. "Eso (las cuerdas separadas) tuvo su razón de ser en un momento, creo que fue una forma como las autoridades vieron el pro-blema para enfrentar la reali-dad, pero que esa era una posición algo del pasado y no es algo que tenga que conti-nuar", expresó.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • PRENSA LATINA (AR) • NOTÍCIAS • 11/7/2011 • 13:21:00
Reiniciam julgamento na Bolívia por caso genocídio Sucre, Bolívia, 11 jul (Prensa Latina) O julgamento pelo caso cha-mado outubro negro reinicia-se hoje aqui, após a suspen-são solicitada por um dos acusados devido a problemas de saúde. O presidente do Tribunal de Sentença, Ángel Irusta, explicou que o general
Juan Véliz, detido na peni-tenciária de San Roque, da cidade de Sucre, foi quem solicitou a suspensão. O tribunal habilitará, para a continuação do julgamento, nos dias que forem necessá-rios, o funcionamento judici-al da Corte Suprema de Justiça da nação, inclusive se
for pertinente nos sábados e domingos também, manifes-tou antes Irusta. No dia 17 de outubro de 2003, milhares de moradores da cidade de El Alto bloque-aram o envio de combustí-veis a La Paz em rejeição às políticas de Sánchez de Lo-zada, como as de exportar
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gás aos Estados Unidos por um porto do Chile, a cujo país a Bolívia reclama uma saída soberana ao mar, per-dida em 1879. O ex-presidente enviou mili-tares para acabar com os pro-testos, o que derivou em 68 mortes e mais de 400 feridos. A revolta obrigou Sánchez de Lozada a renunciar e fugir do país, buscando abrigo nos Estados Unidos, seguido de Carlos Sánchez, ex-ministro de Defesa; e Jorge Berindoa-gue, titular de Hidrocarbone-tos. Enquanto isso, a Promotoria Geral, diante do conhecimen-to do recente falecimento do ex-ministro de Governo Yer-ko Kukoc, outro acusado, assegurou que não afetará nem influirá em absoluto o seguimento do julgamento pelo massacre de outubro de 2003. Por sua vez, familiares das vítimas do massacre conhe-cido na Bolívia como "outu-bro negro" (2003) condena-
ram manobras para dilatar o julgamento aos responsáveis. Segundo Juan Quispe, presi-dente da Associação dos Fa-miliares das Vítimas de Ou-tubro, trata-se de uma confa-bulação para que a Corte Suprema dissolva-se e dê lugar ao Tribunal Supremo de Justiça, cujas eleições estão previstas em outubro deste ano. Os familiares instalaram uma vigília nas portas da atual Corte Suprema, na cidade de Sucre, detalhou Quispe, e dessa maneira evitarão novas testemunhas que só freiam deliberadamente o processo. Quispe explicou que a mano-bra mais recente se relaciona com o ex-chefe do Exército em 2003, general aposenta-do, Juan Véliz Herrera, réu no julgamento, que se decla-rou doente para não apresen-tar-se nas audiências que foram suspensas há mais de 15 dias. Assinalou que não só há juí-zes corruptos, como também
médicos que dilatam a justi-ça, ao assegurar que há lau-dos que asseguram que Véliz está recuperado. A respeito, pediu que o Tri-bunal de Sentença se mante-nha firme e não se preste a mais suspensões sobre a base de qualquer argumento. Sobre este caso, o promotor Milton Mendoza, disse re-centemente que os três ex-ministros bolivianos, acusa-dos mas refugiados no Peru, poderiam ser extraditados pela mudança de governo quando juramentar o presi-dente eleito Ollanta Humala. Recordou que Mirtha Que-vedo (Participação Popular), Javier Torres Goitia (Saúde) e Jorge Torres Obleas (Fa-zenda) são acusados de ge-nocídio, assim como o ex-presidente Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada e outros membros dessa administração pela morte de mais de 60 pessoas durante a repressão militar de outubro de 2003.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • FORBES.COM (US) • NEWS • 11/7/2011 • 12:38:26
3 Big Banks That Aren't Cheap Enough
Despite cheap valuations, weak chart patterns and the relative weakness of the ove-rall financial sector indicate that big banks like Bank of America, Citigroup, and JP-Morgan Chase are sucker’s bets. The dramatic stock market rally over the past few weeks has caused some analysts and
advisors to recommend some of the beaten-down big banks because their valuations are supposedly attractive. There is always the temptati-on to step in and buy the bar-gains once a well-known company declines sharply. These choices are often made on the basis of projected ear-nings, book value, or some
other fundamental justificati-on. One of the more painful les-sons all investors learn is that a 20%-40% loser in your portfolio can offset the nice gains from the other hol-dings. Of course, this is why risk management is so impor-tant.
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If you can avoid taking a big hit in one stock or one trade, your portfolio has a much better chance to show positi-ve performance. The big banks have been on my “stinker list” for most of the year. In February, my techni-cal appraisal of both Bank of America (BAC) and Citi-group (C), was negative, and I advised having stops in place to avoid having “big losers in your portfolio.” Two technical tools that I find most important when gauging a stock’s potential are the on-balance volume (OBV) and relative perfor-mance, or RS analysis. Stocks that have positive volume patterns and are ac-ting better than a market ave-rage like the S&P 500 are the best stocks to consider bu-ying. So using volume and RS analysis, do the Select Spy-der SPDR – Financial (XLF), Bank of America (BAC), Citigroup (C), and/or JP-Morgan Chase (JPM) deser-ve consideration for your portfolio? Chart Analysis: The Select Spyder SPDR – Financial (XLF) bounced initially from the weekly trend line support in the $14.60 area, but it clo-sed lower last week. A break of weekly support will suggest a drop to the $14-$14.20 area, if not the August 2010 lows at $13.29 The RS analysis has been in a downtrend since early 2010, line b. The violation of support at line c was a strong sign that XLF would conti-nue to be weaker than the S&P 500
The weekly on-balance vo-lume (OBV) is in a well-defined downtrend (line d) and violated support in May, line e Initial resistance is at $15.90-$16 and then at $16.50 after that Bank of America (BAC) has not participated in the mar-ket’s recent strength, as it is just barely above its recent lows at $10.41. Last year’s lows at $10.90 (line g) were violated in June The RS shows a long-term pattern of lower highs and lower lows, as the down-trend, line h, is well establi-shed. The break of RS sup-port at line i preceded the recent decline The weekly OBV made fur-ther new lows in June, and the pattern of lower lows, line k, is negative. Resistance stands at the downtrend (line j) and the declining weighted moving average (WMA) There is strong resistance in the $11.50-$12 area Citigroup (C) has rebounded sharply from its recent lows at $36.76 and has recently tested the $43 area. This is a gain of 17% from the lows, but it has not caused signifi-cant improvement in the te-chnical outlook. The reverse stock split by Citigroup in March prompted me to warn against buying shares (see “Big Banks Flunk Smell Test”). There is initial support for Citigroup in the $40 area with more important support at $37.80-$38 A break below $36.76 (line a) would be very negative
and suggest a drop to the $31-$32 area The RS violated support (line b) in mid-February, and this was followed by a break of OBV support, line 1, in early March The RS has bounced from the lows but still shows a pattern of lower highs and lower lows. It would take some time for the RS to bot-tom out The weekly OBV has just rebounded to its declining weighted moving average and shows no strong signs yet of bottoming JPMorgan Chase (JPM) is trying to hold above long-term support, line e, in the $38.70 area. JPM had only a weak, 6% bounce from the lows and has further resistan-ce in the $42-$42.40 area. The company is scheduled to report earnings on Thursday (July 14). The RS violated support, line g, in April when the stock closed at $44.68. It is drop-ping sharply, thus forecasting further weakness for JPM The weekly OBV dropped below long-term support, line h, in June, and is well below its declining weighted mo-ving average There is short-term support now at $39.70-$40.20, whi-ch, if broken, will signal a drop to $38.70 If this level is broken, the next band of weekly support is in the $35.55-$37.20 area What It Means: The lack of participation by the financial sector is certainly limiting the upside for the major ave-rages like the S&P 500. In addition, the very weak tech-
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nical action in the financial sector reinforces the negative technical outlook for these three big banks. They should be avoided for now, despite what may seem like compel-
ling valuations, as they can always get cheaper. How to Profit: If you are in any of these three stocks or any of the major money-center banks, you should
have stops placed under the recent lows. If these lows are violated, then another wave of selling could push them even lower.
PROCURADORIA GERAL • PORTUGAL DIGITAL (PT) • NOTÍCIAS • 11/7/2011 • 15:22:00
Suspeita de fraude envolve senador do PMDB e Petrobras
MP vai investigar denúncia de fraude em licitação envolvendo Petrobras e empresa de senador Da Redação, com Agência Brasil Brasília - O procurador-geral da República, Rober-to Gurgel, disse hoje (11) que vai investigar as denún-cias de fraude em licitações da Petrobras, que teriam be-neficiado uma empresa do presidente da Comissão de Constituição e Justiça do Senado, Eunício Oliveira (PMDB-CE). “Todos esses fatos que estão sendo notici-ados nos últimos dias serão, sim, objeto de apuração pelo Ministério Público”, afirmou o procurador-geral. Reportagem publicada no jornal O Estado de S. Paulo no fim de semana denuncia que a Manchester Serviços Ltda, empresa de Eunício Oliveira, e a Petrobras seriam responsáveis pela fraude em uma licitação de R$ 300 mi-lhões para contratação de serviços ligados à produção de petróleo e gás no pré-sal da Bacia de Campos. A Manchester, segundo o diário, teria recebido com
antecedência pela Petrobras a relação dos concorrentes na disputa por contrato na área de consultoria e gestão em-presarial. A partir dessas informações, a empresa teria feito acordos para ganhar o contrato. Em nota, o senador disse que está afastado da gestão das empresas dele, inclusive da Manchester, desde 1998 e que, por isso, não interfere nas decisões administrativas, contratuais ou comerciais. “No caso específico da Man-chester, desconheço os per-sonagens das empresas con-correntes citadas na matéria [reportagem] e desafio que alguém apresente prova de interferência minha em con-corrências públicas”, disse o senador em nota. O senador acrescentou que vai buscar na Justiça a reparação dos danos que a denúncia está causando à imagem dele. A Petrobras negou, também em nota, a ocorrência de fraude e de favorecimento à empresa Manchester na lici-
tação. “Foram convidadas dez empresas para participar da licitação e sete apresenta-ram propostas. A escolha das empresas convidadas foi feita com base no cadastro da Pe-trobras, além dos atuais pres-tadores de serviços similares que atuam na região”, infor-mou a estatal. Sobre a desclassificação da oferta da empresa Seebla, que apresentou o menor pre-ço do certame, que viabilizou a vitória da empresa de Euní-cio Oliveira, a Petrobras in-formou que a proposta foi considerada inexequível pela comissão de licitação “por-que apresentou várias incon-sistências, entre elas a alí-quota do Imposto Sobre Ser-viços (ISS) menor que a pra-ticada em Macaé [cidade do norte-fluminense que con-centra as operações na Bacia de Campos] e a omissão dos percentuais de determinados encargos sociais exigidos”.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • AMBITO FINANCEIRO (AR) • INTERNACIONALES • 11/7/2011
El hijo de Gadafi acusó a Francia de controlar a los rebeldes libios
Muamar Gadafi Uno de los hijos del líder libio Muamar Gadafi acusó a Francia de ejercer un control absoluto sobre las fuerzas rebeldes libias y de bloquear cualquier diálogo que no cuente con su consentimien-to. En una entrevista publicada por el diario argelino Al Ja-bar, el segundo hijo de Gada-fi, Seif al Islam, aseguró que el presidente francés Nicolás Sarkozy dijo a un enviado libio que el Consejo Nacional de Transición (CNT) fue creado y apoyado por Francia y que cualquier negociación se llevará con París y no con los rebeldes. El hijo del máximo dirigente libio indicó que el régimen había comenzado unos con-tactos con representantes de los rebeldes en El Cairo, pero que Francia los bloqueó por-que, según él, habían arran-cado sin su conocimiento. No
obstante, no ofreció más de-talles sobre dichas supuestas conversaciones. También se quejó de que París quiere formar un gobi-erno transitorio que acepte la compra de aviones de com-bate Rafale, así como contra-tos con la empresa petrolera Total. También insistió en que Francia no sólo había entre-gado armas a los rebeldes en las montañas del oeste del país, sino que había enviado fuerzas especiales sobre el terreno para coordinar dichos envíos y para enseñar a los rebeldes a manejar el nuevo armamento. Sin embargo, reconoció que estaban negociando con Francia, aunque insistió en que esto se debía a que París asegura que en cuanto alcan-cen un acuerdo, ellos se en-cargarán de que el CNT lo apruebe también.
Seif al Islam, acusado por el Tribunal Penal Internacio-nal de cometer crímenes con-tra la humanidad, negó una vez más la matanza de civiles e hizo hincapié en que en los primeros días de las revueltas sólo murieron 159 personas de grupos islámicos cerca de comisarías y depósitos de armas, y no en manifestacio-nes. Sobre la solución del conflic-to, el dirigente libio indicó que Trípoli apoya la propues-ta de la Unión Africana. "Queremos celebrar eleccio-nes supervisadas internacio-nalmente para formar un go-bierno de unidad nacional. Estamos listos para poner una nueva Constitución", dijo el hijo de Gadafi, que señaló a los rebeldes como los culpables de obstaculizar dicha hoja de ruta africana, debido a que "no han llegado a un acuerdo con París, su amo".
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Matérias do dia 12/07/2011
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL UNIVERSAL • INTERNACIONAL • 12/7/2011
Macri confía en su reelección como alcalde de Buenos Aires El kirchnerista Daniel Filmus negocia apoyos con otros partidos Buenos Aires.- El alcalde de Buenos Aires, Mauricio Ma-cri, se mostró confiado de cara a la segunda vuelta elec-toral en la que competirá con el kirchnerista Daniel Filmus, quien dijo que no pensó en retirarse del balotaje pese a la desventaja. Macri sostuvo que "una ventaja de casi 20 puntos" como la que obtuvo este domingo en la primera vuelta de las elecciones porteñas "da mucha tranqui-lidad", aseguró DPA.
"El voto es independiente y apostamos a la relación con cada vecino", dijo Macri, quien reiteró que en caso de triunfar en la segunda vuelta prevista para el 31 de julio se reunirá con todos los candi-datos presidenciales para definir a qué lista adherirá en las elecciones del próximo 23 de octubre.
"En caso de ser reelecto, in-tentaremos reunirnos con cada uno de los candidatos para escuchar cómo se paran frente a los reclamos de au-tonomía que hace la Ciudad de Buenos Aires y a la voca-ción que tenemos de trabajar en conjunto en distintos te-mas con el Gobierno nacio-nal", entre otras propuestas, dijo el mandatario bonaeren-se.
Macri cree que 47,1% que obtuvo fue a favor de "un gobierno que escucha al ve-cino, un gobierno transparen-te, que explica todas las se-manas lo que hace, por qué lo hace. Que no ha resuelto todo lo que hay que resolver, falta muchísimo más, pero que va por buen camino".
Mientras, Filmus afirmó que "ni por un segundo" pensó en dejar de competir en el balo-taje y anticipó que esta se-mana iniciará una convocato-ria a dirigentes de otras fuer-zas para "construir una nueva mayoría" en la ciudad de Buenos Aires.
En los comicios de este do-mingo Filmus obtuvo 27,78% de los votos y Macri 47,09%. El alcalde no superó el necesario 50% para ser reelecto en primera vuelta.
"De ninguna manera, ni se nos ocurrió por un segundo no presentarnos al balotaje, porque sería desilusionar a la gente que definió con su voto que tiene que haber balotaje y faltar a lo que dice la Constitución", dijo Filmus.
Al ser consultado sobre un posible acercamiento con el candidato de Proyecto Sur, Fernando "Pino" Solanas -que salió tercero con 12,82%-, Filmus dijo: "No
vamos a hacer nombres y apellidos hasta que no ha-blemos con los dirigentes".
El senador destacó el "creci-miento" del Frente para la Victoria (FPV) de la presi-denta Cristina Fernández de Kirchner en la Ciudad. "Es un avance enorme. Es la vez que el FPV ha sacado más votos en toda su historia. Hemos crecido como fuerza política en Buenos Aires. Sacamos mucho más que 2007. Hemos aumentado casi el doble la cantidad de legis-ladores que tenemos en la Ciudad", dijo Filmus.
Con este resultado, el con-servador Macri vuelve a situ-arse como referente de la oposición frente al kirchne-rismo.
La victoria, que consolidó el predominio de la conserva-dora Propuesta Republicana (Pro) en la capital argentina, es "una oportunidad" de a-cercar posiciones con "otros ciudadanos con los cuales puede haber diferencias", dijo Macri.
"Disfruto estos minutos que estoy viviendo y me parece mucho tiempo proyectar de acá a (las elecciones presi-denciales de) 2015", matizó.
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Pro ganó en todos los distri-tos porteños y consiguió 26
bancas en la Legislatura lo-cal.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL UNIVERSAL • INTERNACIONAL • 12/7/2011
Bolivia presentó reclamo marítimo ante La Haya La Paz.- Bolivia dio a cono-cer su reclamo marítimo a la Corte Internacional de Jus-ticia de La Haya, a través de una nota diplomática enviada en el marco de la demanda limítrofe planteada por Perú contra Chile a principios de 2008, dijo la cancillería boli-viana este lunes. Según la cancillería, "la posición de Bolivia en torno a dicho dife-rendo marítimo, manifiesta
como propósito principal, el de hacer conocer a ese alto Tribunal de Justicia Interna-cional, sus criterios respecto a un tema de vital interés para el pueblo boliviano, cual es su derecho al acceso sobe-rano al Océano Pacífico", indica la nota diplomática, reseñada por AFP. El gobierno de Morales dijo varias veces que el proceso entre peruanos y chilenos
puede servir para reforzar su histórico reclamo a Chile por una salida soberana al mar, el que perdió en una guerra en 1879. La cancillería boliviana dijo que dio a conocer a Chile y Perú, por vía diplomática, su posición sobre el litigo que los enfrenta.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL UNIVERSAL • OPINIÓN • 12/7/2011
Su último cuplé EDDIE A. RAMÍREZ S. Escuchar al teniente coronel reconocer que tiene cáncer y verlo poco después intervenir en una concentración de sus partidarios me recordó la película El último cuplé, pro-tagonizada por Sarita Monti-el en los años 50. En dicha cinta, la bella cupletista fue diagnosticada con una en-fermedad del corazón, por lo que los galenos le prohibie-ron volver a cantar. Sin em-bargo, ella prefirió morir en las tablas cantando su último cuplé. Nadie debería morir joven y no digo que Chávez
vaya a morir. Contando con los avances de la ciencia es posible que después de un largo tratamiento logre supe-rar la dolencia y termine sus días rodeado de su familia en Sabaneta. Allí seguramente recapacitará sobre lo que pudo haber hecho en doce años de gobierno si se hubie-se dedicado a desarrollar el país apelando a los mejores recursos humanos, sin destru-ir a la empresa privada, sin sembrar la división entre los venezolanos, sin propiciar la violación de los derechos humanos y respetando la
Constitución. Aunque se sobreponga a la grave enfer-medad, su muerte será políti-ca, aunque quizá llegue a exclamar como Carlos An-drés, cuando fue destituido, que " hubiese preferido otra muerte". Aunque sigue guardando silencio sobre el tipo de cán-cer y su tratamiento, este mismo silencio permite visu-alizar que la enfermedad no es leve. En estas circunstan-cias, más temprano que tarde, tendrá que dejar el poder. Actualmente debe estarse debatiendo sobre qué hacer.
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Tiene dos opciones, una ace-lerar su proyecto para inten-tar que sea irreversible y que su sucesor lo continúe; la otra es tender puentes, orde-nar a sus huestes bajar la agresividad, decretar una amnistía general y entregar el poder a principios del 2013 o antes si las circunstancias así lo determinan. La primera opción, catalizada por elementos como su her-mano Adán y por Jaua, puede ser muy tentadora. Sin em-bargo, tiene que tomar en cuenta que incluso muchos de sus seguidores no estarían de acuerdo y la conflictividad se elevaría a niveles que difí-cilmente puede manejar al-guien con serios problemas de salud. Lo sensato sería
optar por la segunda opción, en la cual ojalá influya la mayoría de los dirigentes del PSUV; ella garantizaría una salida pacífica, con respeto para los líderes del actual oficialismo, quienes continu-arían haciendo vida política y luchando por lo que erró-neamente consideran es posi-tivo para el país. No es pues tiempo propicio para acelerar un proceso que por inviable estaba condenado al fracaso y que con el líder trabajando a media máquina tiene sus días contados. No es necesa-rio que el teniente coronel cante su último cuplé inten-tado salvar lo que fatalmente está condenado al fracaso. Como en botica: Nuevamen-te las hordas rojas agraden a
una mujer, en este caso a la valiente María Corina. Lo menos que puede hacer la Asamblea Nacional es un acto de desagravio y el teni-ente coronel y su ministro del Interior deben pedir discul-pas y condenar la cobarde agresión. Grotesca la figura del general Alcalá y sus 32 kilos de medallas exhibidas en el desfile; se colocó hasta las que recibió en kindergar-ten por asistencia. Bravo por los jóvenes de la "Operación libertad" y tarjeta roja para el Sebin; también para el juez Alí Paredes quien no permite que la juez Afiuni reciba el sol. ¡No más prisioneros po-líticos, ni exiliados! [email protected]
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL UNIVERSAL • NACIONAL Y POLÍTICA • 12/7/2011
PSUV afirma que mandatario puede asumir el Gobierno sin problemas
Aristóbulo Istúriz descartó posible separación temporal del cargo SARA CAROLINA DÍAZ
Plenas facultades tiene el presidente Chávez para asu-mir las labores del Gobierno, enfatizó el Partido Socialista Unido de Venezuela (PSUV) ayer al enumerar una serie de actos privados y públicos en los que ha participado y una serie de decisiones que ha tomado en las últimas tres semanas como Jefe del Esta-do: Supervisar la Misión Vi-
vienda y los actos bicentena-rios, firmar puntos de cuenta "importantes", aumentar sa-lario a médicos, ver el parti-do de futbol de la Vinotinto contra Ecuador y "ligar un gol" que se concretó y hasta "echarle una enjabonada" a la cúpula del partido por un "error" que se fue en la ela-boración de un manual para el despliegue del partido. Todo esto fue narrado ayer por el directivo de la organi-
zación roja, Aristóbulo Istú-riz quien agregó: "El Presi-dente está en proceso de re-cuperación y vean que está trabajando y vemos como durante su tiempo de conva-lecencia no ha dejado de tra-bajar contrario a lo que dice la oposición". Descartó una posible declaratoria de falta temporal del Presidente y de una reforma constitucional.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL UNIVERSAL • NACIONAL Y POLÍTICA • 12/7/2011
Exigen destituir a magistrados que recibieron bonificación
Primero Justicia llevó denuncia por falta grave al Consejo Moral Republicano JUAN FRANCISCO A-LONSO
Las cabezas de los magistra-dos del Tribunal Supremo de Justicia (TSJ) que aceptaron una tarjeta, con 10 mil bolí-vares mensuales adicionales a su salario, reclamó el parti-do Primero Justicia del Con-sejo Moral Republicano. A-yer, los diputados a la Asam-blea Nacional por esa tolda, Juan Carlos Caldera y Julio Borges, acudieron al edificio donde se encuentra el despa-cho de la fiscal general de la República, Luisa Ortega Dí-az, quien ejerce la presiden-cia del máximo organismo del Poder Ciudadano, con el propósito de solicitar la aper-tura del proceso para destituir a los miembros del máximo juzgado.
"Estamos pidiendo algo con lo que estoy seguro todo el país nos acompaña: La califi-cación de falta grave de los magistrados que se embucha-ron un cestaticket de 10 mil bolívares, en violación fla-grante de la Ley de Emolu-mentos", afirmó Caldera, quien no dudó en tildar de "ilegal" e "inmoral" la deci-sión de la Directiva del TSJ de otorgarle a todos los jue-ces de ese organismo unos fondos para compensar la disminución de los ingresos
que sufrieron en febrero pa-sado con la entrada en vigor de la Ley, que fijó en 12 sala-rios mínimos el tope que pueden devengar los altos funcionarios del Estado.
"Nosotros hemos tenido una posición contraria a la Ley de Emolumentos, pues conside-ramos que es una ley incons-titucional, pero mientras no sea declarada así por el pro-pio TSJ es una ley de la Re-pública y por tanto todos los funcionarios deben acatarla", dijo, al tiempo que sentenció: "No puede haber unos fun-cionarios de primera y otros de segunda".
El legislador opositor de-mandó del Consejo, integra-do por la fiscal general, Luisa Ortega Díaz; la defensora del Pueblo, Gabriela Ramírez; y la contralora encargada Ade-lina González que tramiten esta demanda y que "no me-tan la cabeza bajo la tierra como el avestruz".
Caldera saludó la posición asumida por magistrados como Blanca Rosa Mármol de León, Deyanira Nieves Bastidas, Luis Ortiz, Carlos Oberto Velez y Juan José Núñez Calderon, quienes rechazaron el beneficio por considerar que violaba la Ley de Emolumentos; y exigió de
los otros 27 miembros del organismo rector del Poder Judicial que hagan lo mis-mo.
Asimismo reclamó de la Sala Constitucional que resuelva la media docena de acciones que contra el texto que regula los ingresos de los altos fun-cionarios del Estado ha reci-bido.
Magistrados se defienden
Desde el TSJ defienden la legalidad de la asignación y un magistrado aclaró que la misma no está sustentada en la Ley de Alimentación, es decir "no es un cestaticket", sino en la propia de Ley de Emolumentos, la cual "en su artículo 4 permite a los fun-cionarios recibir recursos, aparte de sus sueldos, para cumplir sus funciones".
Ese mismo informante aclaró que los ingresos de los mi-embros del máximo juzgado no son de 16.800 bolívares, como anuncio este diario en su edición de ayer, sino de 12.600. "16.800 es lo máxi-mo que podríamos devengar una vez que el Presidente incrementó el salario mínimo en mayo, pero la ley nos pro-híbe hacer ajustes cada vez que se aumente el salario mínimo", concluyó.
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TSE • PRENSA LATINA (AR) • NOTÍCIAS • 12/7/2011 • 04:51:00
Governo boliviano destaca alcance de eleições judiciais La Paz, 11 julho (Prensa La-tina) As eleições judiciais de ou-tubro próximo na Bolívia são um processo de ruptura por-que o povo elegerá às máxi-mas autoridades que darão justiça, afirmou hoje uma fonte oficial. O vice-presidente Álvaro García, assinalou em conferência de imprensa que a novidade é que for o povo quem decida e não os políticos. Perante três ou quatro pesso-as do governo elegiam aos representantes do ?"rgão Ju-dicial entre seus familiares e pessoas mais afetivas, recor-
dou, ao mesmo tempo que exortou à participação em massa. García apontou que a presen-ça de observadores interna-cionais também permitirá que a experiência boliviana seja replicada em outros lu-gares do mundo. Destacou que nesta terça-feira a Assembléia Legislati-va Plurinacional (ALP) ses-sionará para iniciar a seleção de 125 candidatos ao ?"rgão Judicial. O funcionário público expli-cou que durante a jornada efetuarão a revisão da trajetó-ria dos candidatos.
Segundo fontes oficiais, de-pois da seleção dos postulan-tes, o Tribunal Supremo Elei-toral (TSE) se encarregará da difusão dos méritos e trajetó-ria dos letrados para que par-ticipem em igualdade de condições. Uns cinco milhões de bolivi-anos elegerão o próximo 16 de outubro às máximas auto-ridades que darão justiça na nação andina, em um fato considerado inédito porque decidirá o voto popular e no que se busca de democratizar a justiça da nação andina.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • PRENSA LATINA (AR) • NOTÍCIAS • 12/7/2011 • 23:25:00
Bolívia vai a tribunais internacionais por demanda marítima La Paz, 12 jul (Prensa Lati-na) A Bolívia foi ao Tribunal Internacional de Justiça de Haia para que o órgão avalie sua demanda marítima com o Chile, e alertou sobre seus direitos quando se desenvol-ve um diferendo similar entre Santiago e Peru. Segundo o vice-chanceler, Juan Carlos Alurralde, citado hoje por meios da imprensa, entre eles o jornal estatal Cambio, se procedeu à chamada reserva de direitos a respeito do a-cesso soberano ao Oceano Pacífico arrebatado por tro-pas chilenas numa guerra do século XIX.
O Peru também exigiu do Chile a soberania de uma zona marítima de aproxima-damente 37.900 quilômetros quadrados no Pacífico. Essa zona está próxima à linha da Concordia, em Ari-ca, por onde se poderia esta-belecer um corredor geográ-fico para permitir uma saída ao mar da Bolívia, segundo disse a ex-chanceler chilena e atual congressista Soledad Alvear. Nesse contexto, no dia 8 de julho, uma delegação dirigida pelo Diretor de Reivindica-ção Marítima, Rubén Saave-dra, apresentou para conhe-cimento da Corte de Haia, a
nota diplomática através da qual o Estado Plurinacional fez conhecer sua posição, afirmou o diplomata. A chancelaria boliviana tam-bém informou a seus homó-logos do Peru e do Chile so-bre o conteúdo da nota di-plomática apresentada em Haia. No dia 23 de março, no ato central que marcou os 132 anos da perda do acesso ma-rítimo, o presidente Evo Mo-rales anunciou que seu país irá aos tribunais e organis-mos internacionais para fazer cumprir sua demanda. Por isso, o Executivo dispôs a criação da Direção de Es-
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tratégia Marítima, entidade encarregada de viabilizar os trâmites correspondentes.
A Bolívia perdeu sua costa de 400 quilômetros sobre o Pacífico e um total de 120 mil quilômetros quadrados
de terras na chamada Guerra do Pacífico (1879), contra o Chile.
PODER JUDICIÁRIO • PROCURADORIA GERAL • PORTUGAL DIGITAL (PT) • NOTÍCIAS • 12/7/2011 • 04:52:00
Sabatina de procurador-geral da República no Senado é adiada para a-gosto
Com o adiamento, Roberto Gurgel deverá ficar alguns dias fora do cargo de procura-dor-geral Da Redação, com Agência Brasil
Brasília - A sabatina do pro-curador-geral da Repúbli-ca, Roberto Gurgel, no Se-nado ficou para agosto. Con-forme havia prometido, a oposição apresentou um pe-dido de vista que, segundo o regimento da Casa, adia a sabatina por uma semana. Como o Senado entra em recesso parlamentar a partir do dia 17 e só volta no dia 2 de agosto, Gurgel terá que aguardar até o próximo mês para ser sabatinado e ter sua indicação de recondução ao cargo votada na Comissão de Constituição e Justiça (CCJ) e no plenário.
O pedido de vista apresenta-do pelo senador Demóstenes Torres (DEM-GO) pegou o governo de surpresa. Quando o líder do Democratas anun-ciou, esta manhã, que exigi-ria o cumprimento do regi-mento, o líder do governo, senador Romero Jucá (PMDB-RR), cogitou pedir uma quebra de interstício para que a votação pudesse ocorrer nesta terça-feira (12).
Mas, para isso, seria necessá-rio a unanimidade do plená-rio da comissão, o que não foi alcançado.
“O governo não contava com esse pedido de vista. Como é uma recondução, seria praxe votar no mesmo dia [da leitu-ra do relatório]”, disse Jucá, negando que a presidente Dilma Rousseff tenha demo-rado para enviar a mensagem de recondução de Gurgel ao cargo.
Segundo ele, a sabatina ocor-rerá na semana de retorno aos trabalhos, assim como a votação em plenário, caso o nome de Gurgel seja aprova-do pela CCJ.
Com o adiamento, Roberto Gurgel deverá ficar alguns dias fora do cargo de procu-rador-geral. Seu mandato acaba no dia 22 de julho, e ele deverá ser substituído temporariamente pelo vice-presidente do Conselho Su-perior do Ministério Público, Eugênio Aragão.
Ontem, quando esteve no Senado, Gurgel disse que
haverá prejuízo no adiamento de sua posse, porque uma “presidência interina é sem-pre precária”. Mesmo assim, a oposição manteve a sua posição. Para Demóstenes Torres, o erro foi do governo em não ter enviado a mensa-gem antes, e o regimento do Senado deve ser preservado.
“Nós queremos sabatiná-lo corretamente, com tempo, como ocorreu com todos os outros”, disse Torres, negan-do que tenha havido retalia-ção da oposição pelo fato de Gurgel ter arquivado o pedi-do de investigação sobre o ex-ministro da Casa Civil Antonio Palocci.
Apesar disso, o senador opo-sicionista não poupou críticas ao procurador-geral. “Eu já disse e repito que no caso Palocci ele não agiu como homem de Estado e sim co-mo homem de governo”, declarou o senador.
Outro oposicionista, o líder do PSDB, senador Álvaro Dias, disse que o breve perí-odo de substituição não será prejudicial porque também
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há recesso no Poder Judici-ário. “Nesse período de julho
há um recesso nos tribunais superiores. Não há, portanto,
comprometimento em adiar-mos a sabatina para agosto”.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE GUARDIAN (LO) • COMMENT IS FREE • 12/7/2011
Torture: crimes with impunity
Human Rights Watch reports that there are solid grounds to investigate George Bush, Dick Cheney and Donald Rusmfeld It is often said that only by confronting the past can nati-ons construct a better future. Germany, Spain, Argentina, Chile and South Africa have put themselves through the wringer of historical self-examination. Putin s Russia has yet to. It is, though, easi-er to point the finger at dark episodes embedded in the past than to apply the same scrutiny to recent history. To be both liberal and democra-tic is to be axiomatically part of a club that examines itself. Not so, argues human rights Watch. Exhibit A? Barack Obama s record in investiga-ting the allegations of detai-nee abuse authorised by his predecessor, George W Bu-sh.
The wrongdoing of that ad-ministration is today broadly, although not universally, acknowledged. Waterboar-ding has been declared as torture by the attorney gene-ral Eric Holder. Enhanced interrogation techniques are no longer used. The CIA has closed down its programme
of secret detention centres. Unidentified planes no lon-ger land at odd hours at Prestwick Airport with unk-nown human cargoes (al-though rendition-type questi-ons have been raised about a Somali interrogated aboard a US warship for two months). There are still 171 detainees in Guantánamo Bay, and military commissions still exist, but in general it is fair to say the most egregious practises of the Bush war on terror have ceased. Far from enhancing security, the wis-dom in Washington today is that these practises endange-red it .
The crimes are there for all to see, but the people who orde-red them, sanctioned them and bent the Geneva conven-tions for them, walk free. Two weeks ago, the search for accountability hit the buf-fers when Mr Holder an-nounced that a two-year revi-ew by a specially appointed prosecutor determined that any further investigation into the mistreatment of nearly
100 detainees was not war-ranted. Criminal proceedings will be launched only about the deaths of two suspects in CIA custody. This is no sur-prise as the probe was limi-ted to unauthorised acts, and could not examine authorised acts like waterboarding.
HRW today says that there are solid grounds to investi-gate George Bush, Dick Cheney, Donald Rumsfeld and George Tenet for autho-rising torture and war crimes and that the roles of the for-mer national security adviser Condoleezza Rice and for-mer attorney general John Ashcroft should also be exa-mined. Nothing will happen in the US, where the rule of law has been rebooted rather than applied. But this impor-tant report could provide grounds for the arrest of sus-pects abroad under universal jurisdiction. Political incon-venience should not be con-fused with criminal liability. If it is, justice is for other nations to apply.
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TJ • THE GUARDIAN (LO) • BUSINESS • 12/7/2011
High street spending rises but housing market still in doldrums
• Retailers buoyed with 1.5% increase in June sales • Property market still beset by fal-ling prices and low interest Larry Elliott
Deep price cuts and an early start to the summer sales lifted high-street spending last month as Britain s retai-lers sought to combat the impact of rising taxes and modest pay rises on consu-mer behaviour.
Despite the troubles of well-known names such as Jane Norman, Habitat and TJ Hu-ghes, the British Retail Con-sortium (BRC) said the value of sales in June was 1.5% higher than a year earlier, when activity slumped fol-lowing a surge in spending in April triggered by warm weather and the spate of bank holiday weekends.
Two separate reports relea-sed on Tuesday highlight the depressed state of the UK s housing market. The Royal Institution of Chartered Sur-veyors (Rics) reported weak activity and falling prices, while the accountants PwC predicted that it would take until 2020 before property prices recovered to their pre-crash levels.
The BRC reported that like-for-like sales – which take account of the increase in retail floor space – were sli-ghtly lower than in June 2010 but Stephen Robertson, the organisation s director
general, expressed relief that the trading position for shops and stores had not been wor-se.
"Given June s spate of shop closure announcements and weak company results, these figures are not as bad as they could have been, but it shows just how tough times are when total sales growth of 1.5% is regarded as not that bad.
"And remember, the higher VAT rate is making the year-on-year comparison look better than it really is, while retailers are coping with hi-gher costs because of increa-sed utility bills, rates and the burden of regulation. Sales continue to be under huge pressure from the squeeze on disposable incomes produced by rising inflation and low wage growth. Underlying conditions are still tough but being masked by a minor revival in non-food sales driven by price cuts and clea-rance events starting earlier this year."
The City believes the latest inflation figures due out on Tuesday will show that the annual rise in the cost of li-ving as measured by the con-sumer prices index (CPI) remained unchanged at 4.5% last month.
Rics housing spokesperson, Alan Collett, said: "The hou-sing market was pretty flat during June. Buyer interest in purchasing property remains relatively low across much of the UK and the volume of new stock coming to the market has slackened. With continued uncertainty over the jobs market and the eco-nomy, this subdued picture is set to continue. London, ho-wever, remains a market a-part with sales and prices showing a greater degree of resilience."
According to reports from UK surveyors, house prices at a national level continued to slip during June. The gap between firms reporting fal-ling prices and those saying they were rising stood at 27 percentage points, little changed from the balance of 28 points in May.
John Hawksworth, chief eco-nomist at PwC, said the mar-ket was likely to stay in the doldrums. "We expect avera-ge UK house prices to drift down further over the next year and then enjoy only a modest recovery over the next few years. This reflects the dampening impact of declining real income levels and continued tight credit conditions for first time bu-yers in particular.
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"Later in the decade, howe-ver, we do expect stronger house price growth as supply shortages reassert themselves and credit availability gradu-ally returns to more normal levels, But it will be a long slow road to recovery." he said.
The consultancy firm CEBR said the UK was likely to face a prolonged period of sluggish economic growth that would result in the go-vernment missing its targets
for cutting the UK s budget deficit.
Scott Corfe, an economist at CEBR, activity would incre-ase by 1.2% in 2011 and by less than 2% in each year from 2012 to 2014. 2013, much weaker than currently being forecast by the inde-pendent Office for Budget Responsibility. The CEBR said slow growth would re-sult in borrowing being £25bn higher in 2015-16 than
the £29bn currently pencilled in by the OBR.
He said: "The budget deficit will decline, but nothing like as fast as the Office for Bud-get Responsibility has been projecting and therefore as a result the chancellor will miss his target of eliminating the budget deficit within the current parliament," Corfe said.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR •
THE GUARDIAN (LO) • NEWS • 12/7/2011
George W Bush should be prosecuted over torture, says human rights group
Human Rights Watch claims Obama administration failing to act on evidence , and also names Cheney and Rumsfeld in report Chris McGreal
A US human rights group has called on foreign go-vernments to prosecute Ge-orge W Bush and some of his senior officials for war cri-mes if the Obama administra-tion fails to investigate a growing body of evidence against the former president over the use of torture.
The New York-based human rights Watch said in a report released on Tuesday that the US authorities are legally obliged to investigate the top echelons of the Bush admi-nistration over crimes such as torture, abduction and other mistreatment of prisoners. It
says that the former adminis-tration s legal team was part of the conspiracy in prepa-ring opinions authorising abuses that they knew to ha-ve no standing in US or in-ternational law.
Besides Bush, HRW names his vice-president, Dick Che-ney, the former defence se-cretary, Donald Rumsfeld, and the ex-CIA director, Ge-orge Tenet, as likely to be guilty of authorising torture and other crimes.
The group says that the in-vestigation and prosecutions are required "if the US hopes to wipe away the stain of Abu Ghraib and Guantánamo
and reaffirm the primacy of the rule of law".
HRW acknowledges the bro-ad allegations are not new but says they should be given fresh attention because of growing documentary evi-dence with the release of previously classified papers, admissions made in books by Bush and others, and from a leaked International Commit-tee of the Red Cross report that details illegal practices by the former administration.
The author of the HRW re-port, Reed Brody, says the issue also deserves renewed scrutiny because the Obama administration has all but
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abandoned its obligations. "It s become abundantly clear that there is no longer any movement on the part of the Obama administration to live up to its responsibilities to investigate these cases when the evidence just keeps piling up. Just this year we have the different admissions by Pre-sident Bush that he authori-sed waterboarding," he said.
HRW says Bush and his se-nior officials are open to pro-secution under the 1996 War Crimes Act as well as for criminal conspiracy under federal law.
"There is enough strong evi-dence from the information made public over the past five years to not only suggest these officials authorised and oversaw widespread and se-rious violations of US and international law, but that they failed to act to stop mis-treatment, or punish those responsible after they beca-me aware of serious abuses," it said.
Among the accusations in the report are that Bush approved waterboarding, ordered the CIA secret detention pro-gramme and approved illegal abductions of individuals delivered to foreign countries for torture, known as renditi-ons.
The report described Cheney as "the driving force behind the establishment of illegal detention policies and the formulation of legal justifica-tions for those policies" in-cluding torture. Rumsfeld is said to have "approved ille-
gal interrogation methods that facilitated the use of torture by US military per-sonnel in Afghanistan and Iraq", and Tenet "oversaw the CIA s use of waterboar-ding", and that the agency also "disappeared" detainees by holding them in incom-municado detention in secret locations.
HRW says an investigation should also examine roles played by Bush s national security adviser, Condoleez-za Rice, and the then attorney general, John Ashcroft, and administration lawyers in crafting the legal justificati-ons for torture.
HRW calls on foreign go-vernments to act if the US fails to. "Under international law any country has jurisdic-tion over torture and war crimes," said Brody.
The organisation noted that over the past two decades an increasing number of coun-tries, particularly in Europe, have applied universal juris-diction laws in prosecuting individuals responsible for crimes in Rwanda, the Bal-kans and Africa. The US itself used the principle of universal jurisdiction to pro-secute "Chuckie" Taylor – son of former Liberian dicta-tor Charles Taylor, now on trial before an international tribunal – for torture in Libe-ria.
Asked if foreign leaders, such as Bush s ally, Tony Blair, were also vulnerable to prosecution, Brody said there was a difference between
political responsibility and criminal liability for directly ordering abuses. But he said that the political complicity of some European countries makes it necessary for them to act.Reported roles
President George Bush: He has publicly admitted that in two cases he approved the use of waterboarding. Bush also authorised the "illegal CIA secret detention and renditions programmes, un-der which detainees were held incommunicado and frequently transferred to countries such as Egypt and Syria where they were likely to be tortured".
Vice President Dick Cheney: "The driving force behind the establishment of illegal de-tention and interrogation policies, chairing key mee-tings at which specific CIA operations were discussed, including the waterboarding of one detainee, Abu Zubay-dah, in 2002."
Defence secretary Donald Rumsfeld: "Approved illegal interrogation methods and closely followed the interro-gation of Mohamed al-Qahtani, who was subjected to a six-week regime of coer-cive interrogation at Guanta-namo that cumulatively ap-pears to have amounted to torture".
The CIA director, George Tenet: "Authorised and over-saw the CIA s use of water-boarding, stress positions, light and noise bombard-ment, sleep deprivation, and other abusive interrogation
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methods, as well as the CIA rendition program".
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE GUARDIAN (LO) • NEWS • 12/7/2011
The law and corporate power Many words have been writ-ten about the closure of the News of the World, the effect on many journalists, and the loss of its self-proclaimed public service in exposing "scandal" (Report, 11 July). It reminded me of the 60s, when Arnold Weinstock used his individual power to close one of the world s most ad-vanced electronics manufac-turing companies, with disas-trous effect on the industry. These individuals only have this power because successi-ve governments have suppor-ted them as "modernisers", and the media has promoted them as free marketeers. We need to ask why the free market requires unions to ballot members before they can disrupt the public for a day of strike action, while their employers can disrupt the public for years by clo-sing an operation, be it a newspaper, a factory, or a care home, virtually overni-ght. If we believe in the free market, then all actors in that market must be equally free. Owen Ephraim Chelmsford, Essex • Martin Kettle (Comment, 8 July) says "media barons of the 21st century are the trade union barons of the mid-20th, holdouts against the rule of law and fairness". Whatever else they might be
accused of, union leaders believed in the rule of law. There is no equivalence bet-ween today s owners of the fourth estate (the press) and the leaders of the erstwhile fifth estate (the unions). Dr Dave Lyddon Keele University • Geoffrey Robertson calls for an urgent public inquiry into the behaviour of our tabloid press and suggests the recently retired judge, Lord Hoffmann, as a possible cha-ir (A newspaper is gone, 8 July). I hope not. Lawyers in general, and Lord Hoffmann in particular, do not have a happy record when trying to grapple with the ethics of journalism. In 1989 a young journalist called Bill Goodwin was hauled into the high court where the then Mr Justice Hoffmann ordered him to name his source for a story he had written about the fi-nancial problems of a com-puter company. Mr Goodwin politely refused to do so, explaining that journalists have an ethical duty – and the right under the 1981 Con-tempt of Court Act – to pro-tect the identity of their sour-ces. The case went from high court to appeal court and eventually the House of Lords. At every stage, the judges put the interests of a
commercial company ahead of the journalist s ethical duty. Mr Goodwin was sent back to the high court, where Mr Justice Hoffman fined him £5,000. Happily, in 1996, the Euro-pean court of human rights found, on appeal, that Hoff-man and a slew of other jud-ges were wrong and that Mr Goodwin was entitled to pro-tect his sources. Geoffrey Robertson will recall the ca-se, since he was Mr Goodwin s barrister in Strasbourg. Jacob Ecclestone Diss, Norfolk • The government claims that there is a toxic "compensati-on culture", fuelled by "no win no fee" cases (Report, 30 March). It should be noted that the bringing to account of sections of the press and police over phone hacking has been achieved by a com-bination of investigative journalism and civil cases. These hard-fought cases have forced reluctant defendants to disgorge documentary evidence which has exposed wrongdoing. These cases will have been mainly funded on a "no win no fee" basis. Professor John Peysner University of Lincoln • You say ( Media, 11 July) that Ofcom is not truly inde-pendent of government and is waiting to take over press
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regulation from the PCC. In fact, Ofcom is accountable to parliament and independent of government. CEO Ed Ri-chards was appointed by the independent non-executive directors of the Ofcom board, and not the Department for Culture Media and Sport. And while we have a legal duty to be satisfied that bro-adcast licence-holders are "fit and proper" and we are con-
tacting the relevant authoriti-es investigating hacking cla-ims, we have no responsibili-ties for press regulation and we are concentrating only on our job in hand. Clayton Hirst Director of communications, Ofcom • We have been repeatedly warned that foreign powers are trying to hack into our key institutions. The allegati-
ons that News International successfully hacked into Gordon Brown s personal data (Report, 12 July) repre-sents just such a breach of national security. I therefore assume the security services were employed to identify the perpetrators. And if not, why not? Gavin Greenwood Brighton
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE GUARDIAN (LO) • COMMENT IS FREE • 12/7/2011
News International scandal: Politics resurgent
It was heartening to see parliamentarians begin to recognise that a malady which began with the intimidation of elective power can only be remedied through its reassertion
The kowtowing of the politi-cal class to the Murdochs has been dismal, but it is familiar enough. Any suspicion that the police were similarly deferential would take things to another and more distur-bing level, undermining e-very assumption about the integrity of public authority. The MPs who quizzed past and present top Metropolitan police officers seemed genu-inely mystified as to why New Scotland Yard had seen fit to open and shut the re-markable NoW files in such short order. They were trou-bled by the failure of the po-lice to inform victims that they may have been hacked and by the extraordinarily cursory 2009 "review" of the original investigation. And they heard a former head of counter-terrorism describe
News International as a "ma-jor global organisation with access to the best legal advi-ce, [which was] ... delibera-tely trying to thwart a crimi-nal investigation". It was heartening to see par-liamentarians begin to recog-nise that a malady which began with the intimidation of elective power can only be remedied through its reasser-tion. Back in 2009, Rebekah Brooks declined to dignify the culture committee with her presence, and – accor-ding to one former member – it was fear of reprisals which deterred MPs from pushing matters further. But Tuesday s request for a date with both Brooks and the Murdochs was accompanied by talk of commanding them to the bar of the Commons. Today, the whole house will have its say
in an opposition day debate. Plainly worded and to the point, Labour s motion calls on Murdoch to withdraw the bid for BSkyB. Even now, Whitehall s technocrats may be briefing ministers that such a resolution is impotent, citing the reference to the Competition Commission. But this Whitehall view is blinkered in so many way, it is hard to know where to begin. The notion of Jeremy Hunt meting out disinterested jurisprudence was always absurd. He has himself commented on the oddity of an elected politician taking on this role and he has gone out of his way to be accom-modating to NI. Over the last eight days the ersatz wig has tumbled from his head. Politics is the art of the pos-sible, and neither ministers
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nor regulators – nor, indeed, international corporations – can ignore the possible fore-ver. News Corp s buying back of its own stock to ar-rest the slide in its share price is only one reminder of that. The company has reaped a whirlwind of rage which, by Monday, had forced it to seek shelter in the Competi-tion Commission. By expres-sing the clear will of the peo-ple – that the takeover cannot be countenanced – the Com-mons would be fulfilling one of its principal democratic functions, even if there were no further effect. But it could very well be that there will be consequences, even if News Corp itself is too bra-
zen to concern itself with what the people think. Both the Competition Commission and Ofcom, the latter the prospective applicators of the "fit and proper person test", would want to reflect and weigh the concerns of parli-amentarians. Both bodies are, quite properly, subject to judicial review if they overs-tep the law by acting irratio-nally. To act irrationally in public law is, however, to act in a manner which no reaso-nable person could counte-nance. The approach of the people as a whole is arguably pertinent to this sort of a test, and so MPs would do well to express the nation s sense that letting the deal proceed
just now would be outright perverse. Every Lib Dem would have wanted to follow Ed Mili-band into the lobbies tonight, even before reports started to emerge that the Conservati-ves, too, would want to back the motion. No matter that, a week ago, David Cameron told the house that it would be entirely improper to con-nect phone hacking and the BSkyB bid. This week has proved an ocean of time in politics. By pitching the po-pular will against the disgra-ced popular press, MPs can on Wednesday night perform a useful service.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE GUARDIAN (LO) • COMMENT IS FREE • 12/7/2011
Egypt s revolution is stuck in a rut, but we still have the spirit to see it through
Egypt s military government has placed obstacles in the way of reform that can only be overcome by a collective effort of will Ahdaf Soueif
You could say our revolution has stalled. Or you could say a revolution is not an event, but a process – and that our process needed a push. As I write the revolution is once again gathering pace in Ta-hrir Square in Cairo, Arbaeen Square in Suez and Qaed Ibrahim in Alexandria, and streets and squares across Egypt. A march has been called for 6pm, and various escalatory activities are un-der consideration.
With hindsight, we left the streets too early. We were victorious, and yet we left with nothing. When we ma-naged to push out Hosni Mu-barak and the army took o-ver, we should have stayed and demanded that power be vested in a government of the revolution. But we had no defined "leadership" that could speak on our behalf to the military, and we had no government in waiting ready to take power. But that was also the beauty of our revolu-tion; our leaderless, authen-
tic, grassroots, peaceable revolution.
We have ended up with Scaf – the supreme council of the armed forces – as acting pre-sident. Not a problem, except that they ve stripped our ca-retaker cabinet of power. The interests of the revolution coincided with the interests of the highest levels of the army in one area: removing the possibility of Mubarak s son Gamal coming to power. The revolution achieved that. Gamal Mubarak is in Tora
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prison, awaiting trial for pro-fiteering, along with his bro-ther and some members of his once extremely powerful parliamentary "strategy committee". Illustration by Belle Mellor
The army promised to protect the people and implement the aims of the revolution. But really, with Gamal Mubarak out of the picture, the inte-rests of the military top brass were with the continuation of the old regime, with perhaps some minor sprucing up. So first they tried hard to hold on to the cabinet that Hosni Mubarak had left in place, headed by General Ahmed Shafiq. When the people rejected that, the military accepted our candidate for caretaker prime minister Pro-fessor Essam Sharaf, but stripped him even of the po-wer to change his office staff.
And so on every front the revolution has met obstacles. Our great aims cannot be achieved overnight – but our demands for "bread" and "social justice" can be helped along by some measures. Yet an attempt to impose tax on profits made by speculating on the stock exchange has been blocked. An attempt to halve the subsidy granted to fuels used in cement factories (which sell their goods at a profit of 65%) was blocked. Meanwhile, we are told that there s no money to provide a minimum wage, and that no one can find out what the maximum – government em-ployee – wage is in order to cap it.
Our declared aim of "human dignity" requires the disman-tling and restructuring of the ministry of the interior and the entire security apparatus that has humiliated the citi-zenry for so long. It hasn t happened, and the ministry now refuses even to carry out normal policing duties. Offi-cers either clash with citizens and protesters, or shrug and say: "You didn t like how we did things, now sort yoursel-ves out. Go find your own stolen car." The hated state security service, which was meant to have been dissolved after protesters stormed its offices and seized files, has re-emerged as the "national security service". And the unConstitutional central security forces have been redeployed on the streets. The 500,000-strong baltagiya – paramilitary forces, long in the pay of the interior minis-try, who achieved their finest hour on 2 February in camel-mounted attacks on protes-ters – are still out there, wre-aking havoc, although we suspect they re now being paid by "the remnants" (of the old regime) rather than directly by the police. The security situation discourages tourism, and so also holds up our economic recovery.
And we also have a raft of problems and issues created by the way the police – and now the military – have dealt with the revolution: we have some thousand shaheeds (martyrs) killed since 25 Ja-nuary; another 800 young people have been blinded by shots to the eyes; 1,400 have
received disabling injuries; and a further thousand are missing – probably killed. Nobody – not one police officer, paramilitary thug or sniper – has been found guilty of these crimes. And yet the army, rushing in to arrest protesters or suspected trouble-makers, is quick to put them – young civilians – on military trial and sentence them. There are now more than 10,000 young people given sentences of one to five years by military courts.
The new wave of protests that is re-energising the revo-lution has as its impetus the demand for justice: trials for the Mubaraks and their reti-nue, and for the killers of our children. And a rejection of military trials for civilians. But at its heart is the despera-te need to push our revoluti-on out of the rut it s in.
Scaf has just announced that it will continue to run Egypt and warned anyone against attempting to vault to power. General Mohsen el-Fangari – who was acclaimed in Febru-ary when he accorded our young martyrs a military salute – had shoes raised to him on Tuesday when he frowned and waved a finger in our faces.
We have now invited Scaf to share power with a civilian government: not, this time, a caretaker government, but a revolutionary government that will start the process of implementing the great social aims of the revolution, and that will oversee our progress
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to free and fair elections in the autumn.
Our spirits are still high. We still believe the revolution will prevail. We are in a bet-ter place now than we have been for the last 40 years. The country, for all its trou-bles, is more at ease with itself. Innovative forms of collective action – unions and syndicates – are sprin-ging up. People are carrying
the principles of the revoluti-on into the workplace. For instance Cairo University s faculty of arts defied the uni-versity president when he insisted on his right to appo-int a dean; it conducted elec-tions and chose a young fe-male professor of English literature for the position. Other colleges have followed suit. Stages and songs and street art are springing up all
over our cities. People e-verywhere are talking and debating fearlessly – and what a wealth of opinion and energy and eloquence there is here.
Thousands of families have paid a terrible price for brin-ging us even this far. To be-gin to make sense of this sacrifice, we have to go fur-ther; we have to make sure this revolution works.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE GUARDIAN (LO) • NEWS • 12/7/2011
Syria criticises US after embassy attacks ratchet up tension in Damascus
State media condemns Hillary Clinton s denunciation of Bashar al-Assad and additional evidence of interference Ian Black
Syria lashed out on Tuesday at US criticism of Bashar al-Assad s regime after attacks on the US embassy in Da-mascus marked a new low in the often tense relations bet-ween the two countries.
France called for an urgent meeting of the UN security council after its diplomatic mission in the Syrian capital was also stormed on Monday – though after nearly four months the council has still not yet condemned the go-vernment repression because of opposition by Russia and China. The French prime minister, François Fillon, said it was "no longer accep-table" that a resolution on Syria was being blocked.
Denunciation of Assad by Hillary Clinton brought con-demnation by Syrian state media. It cited "additional evidence" of "flagrant" inter-ference by the US, which was urged to refrain from acts "provoking the Syrian people s emotions and pride".
Monday s incidents followed deliberately high-profile vi-sits by the US and French ambassadors to Hama, a fo-cus of protests where resi-dents fear a new crackdown by the regime.
Robert Ford s trip met with mixed reaction outside Ha-ma, where it was largely welcomed, but many in the capital were angered by the embassy attacks. "It is not right," said one Damascus
taxi driver. "This will give us a bad image abroad."
Some analysts interpreted Clinton s remarks about As-sad s loss of legitimacy as evidence that the US is lo-sing faith in his ability to hold on to power. References to hopes for reform made in previous speeches were conspicuously absent.
"President Assad is not in-dispensable and we have absolutely nothing invested in him … remaining in po-wer," the secretary of state said in Washington. "Our goal is to see that the will of the Syrian people for a de-mocratic transformation oc-curs."
Syrian protesters continue to show resilience as demons-
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trations continue in cities including Latakia, while ac-tivists launched "Free Detai-nees Tuesday", posting pictu-res and descriptions of some of the imprisoned online.
Some 15,000 people are in detention, activists say, with many at risk of torture. They include human rights moni-tor Najati Tayara from Homs.
There are some signs that the repression is taking its toll on regime forces. Syrians who have been briefly arrested report security personnel telling them they are tired. The army has remained sup-portive of the regime, but human rights Watch has reported a number of defecti-ons. Seventeen soldiers were killed after 35 tried to escape to Turkey at the weekend, the US-based group said. Several videos of defecting soldiers,
expressing solidarity with the revolution, have circulated in recent days.
Few Syrians placed much hope in a three-day govern-ment-organised "national dialogue". The trial run for a more extended session was boycotted by opposition figu-res.
Nour Ali is a pseudonym for a journalist in Damascus
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • NATIONAL • 12/7/2011
Florida: Naval Reservist Enters Diversion Program By SUSANNAH NESMI-TH A Navy reservist agreed Tu-esday in Federal District Court in Miami to enter a pretrial diversion program to avoid conviction on a pass-port violation that could ha-ve prevented him from be-coming the American citizen he says he believed he alre-
ady was. Petty Officer Elisha L. Dawkins would not reveal the terms of the agreement, saying only that, going for-ward, he wants to continue his military service and finish his nursing degree. Petty Officer Dawkins, who was born in the Bahamas and raised in Miami, was indicted in March, while he was ser-
ving at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba. Before serving in the Navy, he was in the Army, and both branches believed he was a citizen when he enlisted, as did the State De-partment when it issued him a passport, in spite of a de-portation order dating to 1992.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • INTERNATIONAL • 12/7/2011
Libyan Rebels Accused of Pillage and Beatings By C. J. CHIVERS ZINTAN, Libya — Rebels in the mountains in Libya’s west have looted and dama-ged four towns seized since last month from the forces of Col. Muammar el-Qaddafi, part of a series of abuses and apparent reprisals against
suspected loyalists that have chased residents of these towns away, human rights Watch said Tuesday. The looting included many businesses and at least two medical centers that, like the towns, are now deserted and bare.
Rebel fighters also beat peo-ple suspected of being loya-lists and burned their homes, the organization said. The towns that have suffered the abuses are Qawalish, which rebels seized last we-ek, Awaniya, Rayaniyah and Zawiyat al-Bagul, which fell
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to the rebels last month. So-me of the abuses, human rights Watch said, were di-rected against members of the Mashaashia tribe, which has long supported Colonel Qaddafi. The organization’s findings come as support for the war has waned in Europe and in Washington, where Republi-cans and Democrats alike have questioned American participation on budgetary and legal grounds. They also raise the prospect that the NATO-backed rebel advances, which have stalled or slowed to a crawl, risk being accompanied by fur-ther retaliatory crimes that could inflame tribal or facti-onal grievances, endangering the civilians that NATO was mandated to protect. Rebel officials in the moun-tains have played down the looting and arson in recent days. In an interview on Sunday, Col. Mukhtar Far-nana, the region’s senior commander, said that repri-sals were not sanctioned and that he did not know any details about them. But human rights Watch said the same commander shared details with its inves-tigators and conceded that rebels had abused people suspected of being collabora-tors as towns changed hands. “People who stayed in the towns were working with the army,” the organization quo-ted him as saying. “Houses that were robbed and broken into were ones that the army had used, including for am-munition storage.” The commander added, “Those
people who were beaten were working for Qaddafi’s briga-des.” He also said that his forces were under orders not to loot, and that if it were not for those orders “people would have burned these towns down to the ground.” A rebel near Qawalish on Tuesday confirmed Colonel Farnana’s view, saying that the rebels had instructions not to “break anything or burn houses,” but that orders ran up against the realities of waging war with a nonpro-fessional, quasi-military for-ce. “Before we liberate an area, we do have intelligence in-formation about the people who were helping the army in the local town,” said the rebel, Hatam Idris. “So we do know these people, and their homes. And when we liberate a town, we go strai-ghtaway to those homes.” The houses often have am-munition or weapons in them, he said, and often are ransacked and burned. “So-me people do this individual-ly,” he said. He described steps that might protect the homes as imprac-tical, given the rebel army’s structure and limited man-power. “We can’t just keep guarding and looking after these homes,” he said. Colonel Farnana said that some rebels had been arres-ted and punished for these crimes. His claim could not immediately be confirmed. Rebel conduct in the war has been mixed. Many captured pro-Qaddafi soldiers have received medical treatment in
rebel hospitals and have been kept in detention centers that nongovernment organizati-ons have been allowed to visit. But Colonel Qaddafi’s soldi-ers have also been beaten at the point of capture, and so-me have been shot, including several prisoners in the besi-eged city of Misurata who were shot through the feet, either as a punishment or as a means to prevent escape. Rebels have also been seen by journalists repeatedly fi-ring makeshift rocket laun-chers indiscriminately into territory or towns held by the Qaddafi forces. Such rebels actions, howe-ver, have paled next to the abuses of Colonel Qaddafi’s forces, which have fired on unarmed demonstrators and used artillery, rocket batteries and mortars against many rebel-held cities and towns. Phones taken from dead or wounded soldiers have yiel-ded images that strongly suggested that some of Colo-nel Qaddafi’s units have exe-cuted detainees. The colonel’s forces have also ransacked and looted homes and businesses on many fronts throughout the war. Rebels repeatedly cited the army’s abuses when discus-sing the ransacking of the recently looted towns. Some of the results of rebel advances were visible in the past week in three abandoned villages that rebels call libe-rated. In two of them — Qa-walish and Awaniya — shops had been looted. All of the residents were gone.
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Hours before human rights Watch released its findings, and urged rebel authorities to respect and protect civilians and their property, another grim scene emerged between the villages of Um al-Jersan and Qawalish. In a deep concrete basin rela-ted to the region’s water pi-peline, at least five bodies
were found rotting in a heap. Three cloth bindings were on the ground near them, as if some of them had had their arms or legs bound. The dead men appeared to be wearing green military uni-forms, and to have been kil-led and hidden some time ago. Several pistol and rifle cartridges littered the ground
nearby, and local residents pointed to a mound of rocks and freshly turned dirt and said another rotting body was buried there. It was not clear if the men had been killed by Colonel Qaddafi’s forces, by rebels or someone else. Nor was it clear why they had been hid-den from view.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • SPORTS WEDNESDAY • 12/7/2011
Not Ready to Change Baseball History? By RICHARD SANDO-MIR “The Curious Case of Curt Flood,” a new HBO Sports documentary (Wednesday, 9 p.m.), raises a tantalizing question: what if Flood’s legal challenge to baseball’s reserve clause had had a bet-ter advocate before the Uni-ted States Supreme Court than Arthur J. Goldberg, a former associate justice? Flood lost the case by a 5-to-3 vote. Would a better argu-ment have swayed two justi-ces to rule against Major League Baseball? Had Flood won, free agency would pro-bably have arrived a few years before it was achieved in arbitrators’ rulings in favor of Catfish Hunter, and for Andy Messersmith and Dave McNally. Goldberg looked like an ideal choice to deliver an oral ar-gument before some of his former colleagues on the court. He was a successful labor lawyer and former ge-neral counsel to the United
Steelworkers of America. He was a baseball fan who carri-ed a coffee urn as a vendor at Wrigley Field in the 1920s. Flood needed a lawyer who could deftly argue against the reserve clause, which tied players unilaterally to their teams until they traded or discarded them. Players had no rights to sell themselves to the highest bidders in this relationship, as Flood learned when he was traded by the St. Louis Cardinals in 1969 to the Philadelphia Phillies. He refused to report to the Phillies, starting him on his legal odyssey. To Flood, the reserve clause equaled indentured servitude. But he and Goldberg were facing a Supreme Court that in 1953 had strengthened baseball exemption from antitrust laws and gave fur-ther backbone to the reserve clause in a ruling against a Yankees farmhand, George Toolson.
The court looked to Congress to change baseball’s legal status. Goldberg had one of the worst days of his career on that March day in 1972. He did not deliver pointed, per-suasive arguments. He lost his place. He did not answer justices’ questions directly. He clumsily listed Flood’s season-by-season batting averages. He went past his allotted time. He repeated himself. He spoke as if he did not understand baseball, citing the several “Golden Gloves competitions” Flood won for his excellent work as a center fielder. Brad Snyder, the au-thor of “A Well-Paid Slave,” about the Flood case, wrote that Justice William Brennan cringed at watching his fri-end’s struggles. David Stebenne, Goldberg’s biographer, said Goldberg admitted that he had not pre-pared the way he should ha-ve, incorrectly assuming that the justices who had served
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with him would see the error of sticking by past decisions — and not wait any longer for Congress. “His mental picture was this was a case ripe to be overtur-ned,” Stebenne said. “He was utterly surprised that it went the other way.” Goldberg’s sense of kinship with friends like Brennan and William O. Douglas led him to give a half-hearted effort that stunned those watching. “He was politely going t-hrough the motions and was aware that the colleagues he served with were aware of it,” said Stebenne, a history professor at Ohio State who-se book “Arthur Goldberg: New Deal Liberal” was pu-blished in 1996. Stebenne said he had lengthy conversa-tions with Goldberg, who told him that “the intensity of the questioning startled him; he was over his head.” Ste-benne quoted Goldberg sa-ying, “If I had understood the
nature of the challenge, I would have prepared better.” Perhaps a great oral argu-ment would have affected the justices’ private deliberations before Justice Harry A. Blackmun wrote the majority opinion against Flood. In one strange episode detailed by Snyder, Justice Potter Ste-wart, a Cincinnati Reds fan, made a request of Blackmun, a Minnesota Twins fan, befo-re signing onto the majority: add Eppa Rixey, who pitched for the Reds in the 1920s and ’30s, to his opinion’s ope-ning section on baseball’s history, with its list of more than 80 famous and obscure baseball figures who might have inspired Philip Roth’s baseball satire, “The Great American Novel.” With Rixey’s inclusion, Ste-wart joined the majority, as did Chief Justice Warren Burger. In a concurring opi-nion, Burger voiced “grave reservations” about uphol-ding the Toolson decision,
but still wrote, “Courts are not the forum in which this tangled web ought to be uns-narled.” As “Curious Case” shows, Flood had exiled himself to Majorca, Spain, by the time the Supreme Court ruled. The decision coincided with, or accelerated, the further unraveling of his life; he drank and smoked too much; he moved to Andorra, where he was arrested for trying to shoplift; and was shortly af-ter treated for alcoholism in a psychiatric hospital in Barce-lona. Penniless, he returned to the United States. Eventually, he turned his life around and received belated recognition from players who profited from his efforts aga-inst the reserve clause. He could have used such bac-king from his contemporari-es, none of whom supported him in federal court when he first sued baseball in 1970. E-mail: [email protected]
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • NEW YORK • 12/7/2011
Pride, and Sadness, as a Nation Is Born By MATT FLEGENHEI-MER It was a day long awaited, but Jane Kani Edward could not bring herself to fully em-brace the moment. For Dr. Edward, like many of the few Sudanese immigrants living in the New York metropoli-tan area, July 9, the day that the Republic of South Sudan became an independent state,
carried mixed emotions. She had lost her father and three brothers in the five-decade struggle for independence, in which millions died. “We raise the flag; we sing the new anthem,” said Dr. Edward, a professor at For-dham University who first left southern Sudan in 1992 on an academic scholarship. “But at the same time, so
many close relatives passed away during the war. I miss them.” Other expatriates struggled to process the image of Sudan’s president, Omar Hassan al-Bashir, being showered with ovations in Juba, where the official separation from his nation was read aloud on Saturday. Mr. Bashir, who for years led brutal cam-
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paigns to prevent secession, has been indicted on genoci-de charges by the Internatio-nal Criminal Court in The Hague in connection with the massacres in Darfur. “It was Bashir who ended the war, and it was Bashir who signed the peace agreement,” said Philip Ujama, of Tren-ton, who emigrated from the town of Wau in southern Sudan in 2003. “He deserves praise for that.” Mr. Ujama spent Saturday evening among fellow immi-grants from southern Sudan, including Dr. Edward, at Temple Beth-El in Hillsbo-rough, N.J., which voluntee-red its space for the celebra-tion. Northern New Jersey is home to a few pockets of southern Sudanese refugees, Dr. Ed-ward said. Very few live in New York City, local Suda-nese groups say. According to a census survey with an estimate for 2005-9, about 2,000 metropolitan-area resi-dents were born in Sudan, though it is likely that only a small fraction came from the south. For immigrants from the nor-th, the separation was tinged with even greater sadness. Gouma Mahamat, an electri-cian in Brooklyn who emi-grated from northern Darfur, did not join his wife and five children last week on a trip to
Khartoum, the Sudanese ca-pital, to see family and to witness the separation. “I have friends I love in the south,” said Mr. Mahamat, who has lived in Kensington since 1987. “Now they’re not my countrymen.” Speaking by phone from Khartoum, Mr. Mahamat’s daughter Amal, who will be entering the 10th grade at Edward R. Murrow High School in Midwood, recalled the tensions surrounding the official separation last wee-kend. Seldom-seen relatives bemo-aned the split. Local resi-dents instructed the family to stay inside, with the threat of post-secession skirmishes lurking. And on Monday, Amal marveled at a T-shirt she saw on the street that read, in white letters against a black backdrop, “Team North.” Her brother, Ashraf, 10, who is entering the fifth grade at Public School 179 in Ken-sington, said he felt grateful to witness history up close, despite the family ambiva-lence and culture shock. “Khartoum is nice, but it’s hot and dirty, not like Broo-klyn,” he said, before stop-ping to reconsider. “Well, Brooklyn is pretty hot.” Relatives in Khartoum also lament the separation, Ashraf added, because Sudan has
surrendered its status as the largest African country to Algeria. South Sudan, home to about eight million people, is roughly the size of Texas. But such labels mean little, immigrants from southern Sudan said, when weighed against the prospect of inde-pendence, which was backed by nearly 99 percent of vo-ters in a referendum in Janu-ary. Dr. Edward said she hoped the separation would allow her to take her two children, ages 20 and 11, back to the land of her birth someday. Mr. Ujama called July 9 “our July 4th.” “We raised the flag, and it will never come down,” he added. Jane Alley, who fled the city of Kajo Keji for Paterson, N.J., in the early 1990s, said that for all the immediate obstacles — ethnic and rebel violence, high infant morta-lity rates, widespread illite-racy — the technical distinc-tion between building a new nation and rebuilding an e-xisting one sent a powerful message. “We’ve lost generations t-hrough wars,” Ms. Alley said. “I consider myself quite lucky to get to see the Repu-blic of South Sudan.” She paused, drawing out the words anew: “The Republic of South Sudan.”
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • NEW YORK • 12/7/2011
Settled in Albany, Gay Marriage Draws Opposition By THOMAS KAPLAN Laura L. Fotusky, the town clerk in Barker, N.Y., a small community north of Bin-ghamton, looked at the ca-lendar, looked at her Bible and knew what she had to do. She drafted a letter to the Town Board and said she would resign on July 21, t-hree days before same-sex marriage becomes legal, be-cause she could not in good conscience issue marriage licenses to gay and lesbian couples. “I believe that there is a hi-gher law than the law of the land,” she wrote. “It is the law of God in the Bible.” Ms. Fotusky’s resignation is the starkest illustration yet that the same-sex marriage debate, although settled in Albany, is continuing to roil New York. As gay couples around the state make final preparations for a wave of nuptials that begins in less than two we-eks, opponents are organi-zing a round of protests and bracing for what they fear will be discrimination aga-inst those who think same-sex marriage is wrong. Roman Catholic schools in Brooklyn and Queens have stopped inviting all lawma-kers, and have stopped ac-cepting personal donations from lawmakers who voted for same-sex marriage. And on July 24, the first day that gay couples will be per-mitted to wed, opposition
groups are planning rallies in Albany, Buffalo, New York City and Rochester to begin what they say will be a mul-timillion-dollar campaign to push for an amendment to the State Constitution that would outlaw same-sex mar-riage. “There’s a lot of discontent out there,” said the Rev. Ja-son J. McGuire, the executi-ve director of New Yorkers for Constitutional Free-doms, which tried unsuccess-fully to persuade lawmakers not to approve same-sex mar-riage this year. Mr. McGuire and other op-ponents of same-sex marria-ge predicted complications for wedding industry profes-sionals like caterers, photo-graphers or florists, who mi-ght not want to provide their services to gay couples but fear legal repercussions for refusing. The opponents had sought to include protections in the same-sex marriage legislation for private bridal-related businesses, but did not succeed. They are seeking to protect business people like Clifton S. McLaughlin, 45, the pre-sident of Christian DJ Enter-prises in the Bronx, who said in an interview that while no same-sex couples had inqui-red yet about his services, he would decline their business if any did. “I would just let them know that I love them as God’s creation,” Mr. McLaughlin
said, “but based on my Chris-tian faith and my belief in God and what the Bible tea-ches, I cannot and I don’t support gay lifestyles.” Brian S. Brown, the president of the National Organization for Marriage, a national group that lobbies against same-sex marriage, said he did not consider the enact-ment of New York’s law to be a final defeat. “The notion that you pass same-sex marriage and the issue goes away, that’s one of the biggest lies told by proponents for redefining marriage,” Mr. Brown said. Instead, he described July 24 as simply the beginning of a new chapter in a long fight, though one fraught with un-certainty. “The people of New York want to vote on this issue,” Mr. Brown said. “They don’t believe the process was ei-ther transparent or fair, and it basically stole the right of the people of New York to vote.” The National Organization for Marriage has pledged to spend at least $2 million in 2012 seeking to defeat seven lawmakers who provided the pivotal votes to pass same-sex marriage — and whose photographs are now featu-red on the group’s Web site. So far, in about two weeks, the organization has raised about $60,000 toward its goal, but Mr. Brown said there was no doubt that it would ultimately spend mil-
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lions advocating against sa-me-sex marriage and the lawmakers in New York who made possible its passage. In the Roman Catholic Dio-cese of Brooklyn, Bishop Nicholas A. DiMarzio has instructed Catholic schools and parishes not to invite state lawmakers to speak or be present at any ceremonies. A spokeswoman said the ban would remain in effect “for the foreseeable future.” Our Lady of Mount Carmel parish in Williamsburg has already rejected a $50 dona-tion from Assemblyman Jo-seph R. Lentol, a Democrat, who said he had made simi-lar annual contributions to the church for at least a quar-ter-century. Mr. Lentol, who voted in favor of same-sex marriage, said the pastor in-cluded a copy of Bishop Di-Marzio’s instructions when he returned his check. “I don’t fault him for that at all,” Mr. Lentol said of the bishop. “He has a perfect right to do what he did, just as I have a perfectly legiti-mate right to enact a civil law of the state in order to protect the rights of all individuals.” Opponents face long odds against overturning same-sex marriage in New York. A-mending the State Constitu-tion generally requires legis-lative approval, but the Le-
gislature has expressed its support for same-sex marria-ge. And there is no referen-dum or initiative process in New York State. A spokesman for the New York State Catholic Confe-rence declined to comment on whether the state’s church leaders planned any further advocacy against same-sex marriage in the near future, though last week, Archbi-shop Timothy M. Dolan of New York posted another blog entry in which he de-fended the church’s stance. But the archbishop also s-truck a conciliatory tone. “We tried our best to insist from the start that our goal was pro-marriage, never an-tigay,” he wrote, adding “If I have offended any of you in my strenuous defense of mar-riage, I apologize, and assure you it was unintentional.” City and town clerks are in an unusual position, because they are government offici-als. On Long Island, the Nas-sau County district attorney, Kathleen M. Rice, sent a sternly worded letter to clerks last week, warning that they could be subject to criminal prosecution if they declined to issue marriage licenses to same-sex couples. “I want to ensure that our local officials appreciate that there will be ramifications in
our county for exercising a personal, discriminatory be-lief, rather than doing their job,” Ms. Rice said Tuesday. And on Tuesday, asked about Ms. Fotusky’s resignation as clerk of Barker, in Broome County, Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo expressed a similar view. “The law is the law; when you enforce the laws of the state, you don’t get to pick and choose,” the governor said at an appearance in Ma-nhattan, adding, “If you can’t enforce the law, then you shouldn’t be in that positi-on.” As a result, opponents of same-sex marriage said they believed other town clerks would resign in coming we-eks. At least one other clerk, in Volney, near Syracuse, has publicly expressed concerns about processing the paper-work to allow gay couples to wed. Ms. Fotusky, a Repu-blican, said she had submit-ted her resignation on Mon-day because she otherwise would have no choice but to issue marriage licenses to gay couples. “Because protections were not provided for us to be able to practice our freedom of religion in our jobs,” she said in a telephone interview, “then I had to choose betwe-en my God and my job.”
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE GUARDIAN (LO) • NEWS • 12/7/2011
Libyan rebels make gains against Gaddafi forces in western mountains
Weeks of fierce fighting sees troops consolidate positions less than 100 miles from Tripoli and raise hopes of a breakthrough David Smith
A flattened lamp-post, two neat rows of bullets and a no-left-turn sign lying on the tarmac road mark the frontli-ne in Libya s western moun-tains.
Nearby are seven young men, leaning against a battle-scarred building they say was once a guardhouse for Italian soldiers during the second world war. Another sits on a rock, gazing into the desert of no man s land in search of Muammar Gaddafi s forces, said to be little more than a mile away.
The advance in the Nafusa mountains has raised hopes of a significant breakthrough for rebels striving to reach Tripoli and topple Gaddafi. Whereas the battlefields in eastern Libya have reached a virtual stalemate, rebel soldi-ers have seized 25 miles of this arid, hot, rocky terrain in recent weeks, putting go-vernment troops on the de-fensive.
But it is a hard campaign, an attritional struggle unlikely to meet Nato s timetable for an end to the war, especially with a further slowdown ex-pected for Ramadan next month. The rebels are forced to consolidate their incre-
mentalgains before they can think about moving forward.
The young men guarding the frontline post at Qawalish said Gaddafi s troops tried to retake it two days ago and subject them to a nightly bombardment of Grad roc-kets, peaking from 11.30pm to 4am.
"We are not scared," said a 21-year-old, who gave his name as Ahmed, half-an-hour after another rocket had thudded into the earth ne-arby. "We are OK, we just take these things, we get used to it. It s the Gaddafi army who s afraid."
Sitting on a wooden crate of ammunition and wearing a Valencia football shirt, army trousers and trainers, Ahmed said he was risking his life for two reasons: "Demo-cracy. Freedom."
Qawalish fell to the rebels a week ago as, mile by mile, they gradually push from west to east along the moun-tain ridge. On the road to the frontline the Guardian saw a series of ghost towns which were home to thousands of residents during peacetime. There were wrecked shop fronts and petrol stations, abandoned mosques, concre-te buildings blackened by fire, cars blown upside down
and tanks and rocket laun-chers apparently destroyed by Nato air strikes.
Government soldiers who were not killed or captured during these battles appeared to have fled, leaving a trail of abandoned uniforms, boots and weapons still visible in the shade of trees where they once camped. Along roads the rebels used to move in on Qawalish, government forces planted 240 anti-personnel mines and 72 anti-tank mi-nes, say human rights Wat-ch.
The road passes through checkpoints that consist of mounds of earth and impro-vised road blocks: a plastic bin, car seat, tyre, gas canis-ter and a dining chair.
At one a yellow fluorescent jacket was hoisted on a pole, arms outstretched like a sca-recrow. At another, a painted sign said: "Welcome to Free-doom," which may or may not have been a misspelling. Revolutionary graffiti and the red, black and green co-lours of the rebels are every-where.
The next major prize, about 30 miles away, is Gharyan, a heavily fortified city 60 miles south of Tripoli along a go-vernment-controlled road. A previous uprising in Gharyan
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was brutally crushed but it is believed that rebel sympathi-sers remain. Capturing it would sever a crucial supply route to the capital and could potentially break the will of Gaddafi s army. Colonel Ju-ma Ibrahim, of the military council in western Libya, said: "Gharyan is the capital of the western mountains. When we finish Gharyan, all the western mountains are under our control. There is no other way to Tripoli."
Asked if his men were capa-ble of taking Tripoli, Ibrahim insisted: "It will be so easy, more than Gharyan. We would have a clear road to Tripoli. I have contact with people around Tripoli, in Zawiya, Zuwarah and Al Aziziyah, and they are wai-ting for us. When we get to Gharyan, we can open many frontlines."
He added: "There will be an uprising in Tripoli. When we are near, they will think they can move."
Speaking in Zintan, a town that spent two months under
siege but where the streets now bustle with rebel ord-nance, Ibrahim gave an up-beat assessment of when the capital would fall. "Less than one month, inshallah."
But just as in Benghazi and Misrata, this is an ersatz army of former doctors, en-gineers, students, taxi drivers and teachers, in need of trai-ning and weapons. They are highly dependent on hardwa-re captured from Gaddafi s forces, some of which they repair or upgrade with the help of technical manuals they find on the internet.
Al-Fitouri Muftah, a member of the local military council in Kikla, one of the closest towns to the frontline, war-ned: "We don t have enough weapons and bullets to captu-re Gharyan. We don t have anything except what we capture from the Gaddafi forces."
He estimated that one in 10 of the rebels rifles had been passed down by grandparents who fought Italians in the Nafusa mountains. "The old
weapons work OK," he said. "They re better than no-thing."The 60-year-old, pre-viously a government soldier, called on Nato to do more. "Nato s performance is weak. Nato is necessary for us to take Gharyan. If we don t get that support, it will be very difficult."
As Muftah spoke, the rumble of Nato planes overhead in-dicated that Gaddafi s troops would leave their positions and run for cover, affording Kikla a respite from enemy fire.
But shortly afterwards, when it appeared that Nato had left, the boom of another ordnan-ce explosion could be heard from a nearby hill.
Muftah, treading on a dusty doormat that bore Gaddafi s face, said rockets still land on Kikla every day, including around 30 on Monday alone. "Gaddafi just wants to des-troy the town," he said. "He wants to kill as many rebels as he can."
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • ULTIMA HORA.COM (PY) • POLÍTICA • 12/7/2011
Comisión del Senado dictamina mañana sobre la enmienda
La Comisión de Legislación de la Cámara Alta emitirá mañana su dictamen con re-lación al proyecto de enmi-enda constitucional presenta-do por el Frente Guasu para la reelección del presidente
Fernando Lugo.El pedido de la modificación de la Carta Magna por vía de la enmien-da para permitir la reelección fue presentado hace dos se-manas ante el Senado.
El pasado 27 de junio, Carlos Filizzola y Sixto Pereira hici-eron entrega al entonces titu-lar del Congreso, Óscar Gon-zález Daher de 36 biblioratos conteniendo la firma de más de cien mil personas, a favor
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de la enmienda constitucio-nal. El titular de la Comisión de Legislación, Marcelo Duarte, dijo que mañana este orga-nismo se expedirá sobre el punto. Se estima que luego de ello, el proyecto pasará a la Comi-sión de Asuntos Constitucio-nales para su estudio y poste-rior dictamen. Por tanto es posible que la plenaria ya se expida en el transcurso de la siguiente semana. Si bien esta semana la Cáma-ra de Senadores tiene previs-to conformar las diferentes comisiones asesoras perma-nentes, es casi un hecho de que el legislador patriaqueri-dista continúe al frente de la comisión de legislación. REVISIÓN. Duarte dijo que todos los problemas relacio-nados a la Constitución Na-cional y que son llevados a la comisión de legislación por
la dirigencia política solo tienen que ver con intereses personales. "Las cuestiones de fondo que hacen a la administración de Justicia, la competencia de la Corte, del Jurado de Enjuici-amiento de Magistrados, el Consejo de la Magistratura, la forma de designar a los miembros de la Corte Su-prema y el Tribunal Superior de Justicia, todas esas cosas deberían ser revisadas ya con los 20 años de nuestra Cons-titución", se quejó el legisla-dor. Sostuvo que algunos artícu-los de la Carta Magna deben ser revisados de manera co-ordinada para que se hagan concordar los artículos, y de esa manera evitar las malas interpretaciones. "La redacción debería ser concordante, clara y además tenemos la experiencia de
qué funciona y qué no fun-ciona", aclaró. El patriaqueridista dijo que toda la sociedad debería po-nerse de acuerdo a través de sus interlocutores, las organi-zaciones civiles y partidos políticos, a los efectos de ir a alguna constituyente con un consenso previo. Duarte dijo que existen temas mucho más importantes que una eventual reelección a través de la enmienda. Sostuvo, a modo de ejemplo, las facultades que tiene la Corte Suprema de Justicia en el orden administrativo, "que nada tienen que ver con su obligación de impartir justicia". "La reelección es una conse-cuencia de tener un sistema que no funciona. Cada vez que un presidente quiere la reelección, entonces le preo-cupa la reforma; antes no", sostuvo.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • ULTIMA HORA.COM (PY) • POLÍTICA • 12/7/2011
Lugo planteó en la cumbre depoderes mejorar el catastro Durante la cumbre de pode-res convocada ayer por el presidente Fernando Lugo, en el Palacio de Gobierno, se habló de un trabajo conjunto para corregir problemas his-tóricos en materia de tenen-cia de tierras y mejoramiento de los servicios de catas-tro.Miguel López Perito, jefe del Gabinete Civil de la Pre-sidencia, ofició de vocero tras la reunión que congregó a Lugo; al titular de la Corte Suprema de Justicia, Luis
Benítez Riera; y a los presi-dentes del Senado, Jorge Oviedo Matto, y de Diputa-dos, Víctor Bogado. Otros participantes de la reu-nión, a más de López Perito, fueron el fiscal general, Ru-bén Candia Amarilla; el pro-curador general de la Repú-blica, Enrique García, y el asesor jurídico de la Presi-dencia, Emilio Camacho. López Perito dijo que no se trata de un nuevo catastro de propiedades, pero señaló que
hasta ahora se tiene solo el 12 % de la superficie nacio-nal catastrada (Itapúa y Alto Paraná), aunque subrayó que tampoco se tiene seguridad plena en ese sentido. Indicó que para mejorar los catrastros se recurrirá a los gremios que tienen datos al respecto. Recordó que se han vendido propiedades en dos, tres, cin-co y diez oportunidades, por lo que es urgente dilucidar
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todo eso, inclusive el concep-to de tierras malhabidas. Mientras la solución se dila-ta, colonos y ocupantes de Ñacunday siguen en pie de guerra por unas tierras que, hasta ahora, ningún poder del Estado determinó a quién pertenecen. URGIMIENTO. López Peri-to indicó que se urgirá para que la mensura de las tierras en cuestión esté en tres días. También señaló que el Gobi-erno no minimiza las amena-zas de los productores, quie-nes dicen que ya se acaba el tiempo, pero advirtió que el Ejecutivo no se dejará mani-pular por amenazas. Insistió en que todos deben cumplir la ley y que nadie está por encima de ella, sean productores u ocupantes.
PLANTEO DE LUGO. El jefe de Gabinete indicó que, a propuesta de Lugo, se deci-dió analizar medidas de fon-do para casos similares que se puedan producir. Explicó que lo que se plantea básicamente es un esquema de coordinación, a fin de que trabajen conjuntamente el Poder Judicial con la Fisca-lía, porque los informes que está recabando el Poder Ju-dicial, para el esclarecimien-to de los títulos, también tie-nen que ser procesados por la Fiscalía. PRODUCTORES SERÁN ESCUCHADOS HOY Según informó López Perito, el Gobierno se reúne hoy con los productores de la zona de Ñacunday, quienes reclaman pérdidas millonarias a causa
de las ocupaciones que impi-den la cosecha de sus pro-ductos, así como el cultivo previsto para esta época del año. El jefe del Gabinete Civil de la Presidencia no confirmó la hora ni el sitio de la reunión, ni quiénes estarán convoca-dos para dialogar con los productores. Solo insistió en que la reunión se desarrolla en la fecha. Dijo además que también se prevé una reunión con los denominados carperos que ocupan las tierras en litigio del Alto Paraná. No precisó fecha, pero señaló que la negociación se realiza-rá "oportunamente". Las ne-gociaciones con los carperos se realizarán mañana, en un sitio a confirmar.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • ULTIMA HORA.COM (PY) • POLÍTICA • 12/7/2011
Los policías andan sacando fotos
La Policía de Alto Paraná se limitó ayer a realizar un rele-vamiento de datos, mediante filmaciones y tomas fotográ-ficas, en la zona ocupada por carperos en las tierras de colonos brasiguayos en Ñacunday, según informó el comisario Omar Campuzano, jefe departamental de Opera-ciones de la Policía, quien justificó el procedimiento diciendo que existe un proto-colo que cumplir para casos de desalojo. Los datos fueron remitidos a la Comandancia de la Policía, añadió.En con-ferencia de prensa, el minis-
tro del Interior, Federico Acuña, anunció que ayer a la tarde se enviaron 4.000 efec-tivos a la zona de Ñacunday, ya que estiman que la cifra de ocupantes de las tierras asciende a 2.000 personas, entre adultos y niños. "Ratificamos nuestra firme voluntad de cumplir las dis-posiciones judiciales, no solo en el caso de Ñacunday, sino todas las órdenes emanadas del Ministerio Público y del Poder Judicial", dijo Acuña, quien estuvo acompañado del comandante de Policía, co-misario Idalino Bianconi.
El ministro explicó que antes del envío del contingente policial para ejecutar la orden de restitución y desalojo, firmada por el juez Civil de Santa Rita, Rafael Jacobo, en las tierras de Tranquilo Fave-ro en Ñacunday, se llevó a cabo un trabajo de campo que permitió tener datos a-cerca de la cantidad de per-sonas que se encuentran ocu-pando las fincas de colonos brasiguayos. Al insistírsele al ministro sobre por qué se demoraba tanto el cumplimiento de una orden judicial, Acuña trató
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de justificar la inacción poli-cial. Curiosamente, la semana pasada se registró en Santa Rita, localidad cercana a Ñacunday, un aparatoso ope-rativo policial, encabezado
por un fiscal, para desalojar a un grupo de brasiguayos que ocupaban una propiedad que es requerida judicialmente por otra persona. En esa oca-sión, los policías se traslada-ron en cuatro colectivos al
lugar para cumplir el desalo-jo, que no se pudo realizar debido a que los colonos se opusieron y cerraron la ruta de acceso con sus maquinari-as.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • ABC COLOR (PY) • POLÍTICA • 12/7/2011
Ávalos, al Jurado El diputado Jorge Ávalos Mariño será elegido mañana nuevo presidente del Jurado de Enjuiciamiento de Magis-trados.De esta manera, el abogado Enrique Bacchetta dejará la presidencia tras cuatro períodos consecutivos. Los miembros del Jurado acordaron por consenso la elección de Ávalos Mariño, liberal, quien responde al sector liderado por el presi-
dente de ese partido, Blas Llano. La vicepresidencia es una cuestión a determinar. Actu-almente está a cargo del mi-nistro de la Corte Suprema de Justicia, Sindulfo Blanco. El pasado diciembre hubo un intento de remover del cargo a Bacchetta y reemplazarlo por el diputado liberal César López. Se argumentó que Bacchetta fue uno de los responsables
de la conformación de una terna colorada para la Fisca-lía General del Estado. Sin embargo, Bacchetta logró capear el temporal y comple-tó su mandato de un año. Ávalos Mariño es uno de los representantes de la Cámara Baja, junto a López. El último diputado presidente del Jurado fue Mario Morel Pintos, colorado al igual que Bacchetta.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • ABC COLOR (PY) • POLÍTICA • 12/7/2011
Para hoy prevén informe de registro público sobre las tierras en conflic-to Se reunieron ayer los tres poderes del Estado para ana-lizar el conflicto de tierras en Ñacunday. El jefe de gabine-te, Miguel López Perito, dice que por imperio constitucio-nal el Gobierno está obligado a dar garantías para órdenes de desalojo. En la fecha ten-drían un informe del registro público sobre la propiedad en cuestión. Y en un mes pro-
meten un informe completo sobre las tierras en litigio. El titular de la Corte, Benítez Riera; el presidente Fernando Lugo; el titular de la Cámara de Senadores, Jorge Oviedo Mato, y el titular de Diputa-dos, Víctor Bogado.El presi-dente Fernando Lugo reunió ayer a los titulares de los tres poderes del Estado y al fiscal general, Rubén Candia Ama-rilla, para tratar el conflicto
de tierra en Ñacunday y los que se avecinan. En palabras del jefe de gabinete civil Mi-guel Ángel López Perito, la cumbre de poderes se convo-có para el caso específico de coordinar informaciones y acciones, y para analizar “medidas de fondo para ca-sos similares que se puedan producir tanto en este caso como en el futuro”. Es un esquema de coordinación, a
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fin de trabajar conjuntamen-te, “concretamente el Poder Judicial con la Fiscalía, por-que los informes que está recabando el Poder Judicial para el esclarecimiento de los títulos tienen que ser proce-sados de alguna manera por la Fiscalía también y tomar las medidas convenientes”, subrayó. Y como adelantán-dose a posibles preguntas, señaló que “en ningún mo-mento se plantea ninguna excepción con respecto a la vigencia de nuestro marco jurídico, el respeto irrestricto a la propiedad privada”. Dijo que la idea era trabajar con-juntamente para corregir problemas históricos que tiene nuestro país “en materia de tenencia de la tierra y me-jorar sobre todo los servicios de catastro y, en fin, todas las medidas que puedan colabo-rar a que se esclarezcan los casos de conflicto en esta materia”. Como primera medida, para el día de hoy anunció que se estaría presentando el infor-me del registro público, para esclarecer el caso. En las
tierras de Ñacunday, cuya propiedad reivindica Tran-quilo Favero, unas 600 fami-lias exigen más de 20.000 hectáreas que dicen no ser de este empresario. Orden de desalojo Consultado si el Gobierno garantizaría la efectivización de una orden de desalojo de los ocupantes, respondió tex-tualmente: “Bueno, un gobi-erno que no garantice los derechos constitucionales no es un gobierno. No tiene por qué estar vigente”. Sobre la amenaza del tracto-razo, dijo que la ley era igual para todos y que, por lo tan-to, “ningún ciudadano está por encima de la ley. O sea, los productores van a tener que cumplir la ley, así como manda la Constitución”. En un mes Por su parte, el procurador general de República sostuvo que en un mes aproximada-mente se tendría un informe completo de la situación le-gal de la propiedad y tenen-cia de las tierras de Ñacunday, tarea para la cual también se comprometió a la
Escribanía Mayor de Gobier-no. Hacer respetar la ley “Nin-guna versión alarmista como se ha propalado al respecto de este tema Ñacunday y también en otros momentos va a cambiar el rumbo de este gobierno de hacer respe-tar la ley y de mantener como se ha mantenido un nivel relativamente bajo de ocupa-ciones, con relación a otros gobiernos”, dijo ayer el jefe del gabinete civil Miguel A. López Perito. Con relación al estado de las propiedades rurales, indicó que es una madeja difícil de desenredar: “Ustedes saben que se han construido título sobre título; se han vendido propiedades dos, tres, cinco y 10 veces, y dilucidar todo eso, dilucidar inclusive el concepto de tier-ras malhabidas cuando que no hay referentes suficiente-mente claros para decir esta persona pudo haber compra-do, tenía la capacidad de compra o no, eso es muy difícil desde el momento que no hay siquiera un registro de un ingreso de las personas”.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • AMBITO FINANCEIRO (AR) • POLÍTICA • 12/7/2011
Cristina presentó el digesto jurídico argentino y lo envió al Congreso pa-ra su aprobación
La presidenta Cristina Fer-nández de Kirchner anunció el envío al Parlamento del primer digesto, que depura y ordena las más de 32.000 leyes y decretos, y afirmó que "es una tarea que nos
debíamos y marca una políti-ca de Estado"."Me siento muy orgullosa de haber fir-mado el proyecto de ley re-mitiendo el primer digesto argentino desde que somos país. Es el primer cuerpo
normativo desde 1853 a la fecha, y contempla las 32.234 leyes que había. Que-daron en pie 3.134 leyes, menos del 10%", informó la Presidenta. En el Salón de Mujeres Argentinas de la
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Casa Rosada, Cristina expli-có que el trabajo de depura-ción y ordenamiento del sistema legal argentino fue encargado a la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad de Buenos Aires en 2005, para el que trabajaron 200 profe-sionales hasta 2009, y luego fue sistematizado por funcio-narios del Poder Ejecutivo. "Podemos decir con mucho orgullo que es un inmenso acto de calidad y orden insti-tucional. Es el ordenamiento jurídico del país, plasmado y remitido al Parlamento para su control", enfatizó. Ade-más, señaló que las más de tres mil leyes consideradas para que queden vigentes en el digesto se sistematizaron en 26 materias, de modo tal que cuando resulte aprobado
en el Congreso de la Nación se podrá ingresar por materi-a, por ejemplo penal, y se encontrarán todas las de esa asignatura. "Es una tarea que nos debíamos y marca una política de Estado. No es casual que nos acompañen los presidente y vicepresi-dente del Poder Judicial (en referencia a Ricardo Loren-zetti y Elena Highton de No-lasco, respectivamente, pre-sentes en el acto). Y remiti-éndolo a su tratamiento al Poder Legislativo", destacó. Cristina agradeció y felicitó a "todos los profesionales" involucrados en el proyecto y recalcó que fue "una tarea de los argentinos, que logramos un digesto del Bicentenario", se trabajó "en forma ardua, tenaz y profunda y se llegó al
objetivo que parecía imposi-ble". En ese sentido, recordó las discusiones que acarreaba el tema durante la Convenci-ón Constituyente de 1994, y en la Cámara de Diputados y el Senado cuando la jefa del Estado era legisladora. Ade-más, nombró ejemplos de algunas de las leyes y decre-tos vigentes que estaban desactualizadas y descon-textualizadas para la época, como la ley 94 de 1864 en la que se penaba a los funciona-rios que azotaran gente, o el decreto que ordenaba los fusilamientos de 1956. Acompañaron a la Presidenta el jefe de Gabinete, Aníbal Fernández; el ministro de Justicia, Julio Alak; y el se-cretario de Legal y Técnica, Carlos Zannini, entre otros.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • FRANKSURTER ALLGEMEINE (BL) • GESELLSCHAFT • 12/7/2011 • 06:39:29
Strafverfahren in New York: Kein Schmerzensgeld für DSK Die Kaution in Höhe von sechs Millionen Dollar, die Dominique Strauss-Kahn hinterlegen musste, hat der frühere Direktor des Interna-tionalen Währungsfonds (IWF) mit der Aufhebung des Hausarrests zurückerhal-ten. Entschädigung für die kostspielige Rund-um-die-Uhr-Bewachung in einem New Yorker Appartement durch eine private Siche-rheitsfirma, die Strauss-Kahn mit Hilfe seiner vermögenden Frau Anne Sinclair zahlte, kann der
Franzose jedoch nicht erwar-ten. Unabhängig davon, wie das Strafverfahren gegen Strauss-Kahn wegen versuchter Ver-gewaltigung, erzwungenem Oralverkehr und Freiheitsbe-raubung eines Zimmermädchens ausgeht, sei nicht damit zu rechnen, dass er Entschädigungs- oder auch Schmerzensgeldansprü-che wegen Zerstörung seiner beruflichen Karriere durch-setzen könne, sagen Fachleu-te wie der amerikanische Strafrechtsprofessor Douglas Berman.
Während das amerikanische Rechtssystem berühmt-berüchtigt dafür ist, dass ge-gen Privatleute und Unter-nehmen Schadenersatzsum-men erstritten werden können, die hierzulande un-denkbar wären, sind die Re-gelungen äußerst restriktiv, wenn es um Ansprüche ge-gen den Staat wegen Strafverfolgungsmaßnahmen geht. Ein Gesetz, das ähnlich dem deutschen "Gesetz über die Entschädigung von Strafverfolgungsmaßnahmen" Ersatz von
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Vermögensschäden, etwa Verdienstausfall bei Arbeits-platzverlust, und zudem fi-nanziellen Ausgleich für immaterielle Schäden, vorsi-eht, existiert in den Vereinig-ten Staaten weder auf Bunde-sebene noch in den Einzels-taaten, die in erster Linie für das Strafrecht zuständig sind. Die Staatsanwälte und der Richter, die Strauss-Kahns Verhaftung veranlasst hätten, genössen weitgehende Immunität gegen etwaige finanzielle Forderungen, sagt der amerikanische Strafre-chtsprofessor Larry Ribstein. "Selbst zu Unrecht Verurteil-te haben nur unter sehr engen Voraussetzungen Anspruch auf Entschädigungszahlungen", ergänzt der Strafrechtler Bruce Green. Die New Yorker Staatsan-waltschaft prüft derzeit, wie weiter verfahren werden soll, nachdem herauskam, dass das Zimmermädchen Nafis-satou Diallo mehrfach fals-che Angaben machte und angeblich mit ihrem Freund, einem mutmaßlichen Rauschgifthändler, besprach, wie es gelingen könne, fi-nanziellen Vorteil aus dem Skandal zu ziehen. Kenneth Thompson, der Anwalt Dial-los, hat den leitenden Be-zirksstaatsanwalt Cyrus Van-ce aufgefordert, das Verfa-hren an einen Sonderermit-tler abzugeben. Eine Spre-cherin der Anklagebehörde wies das Ersuchen jedoch umgehend als "vollkommen unbegründet" zurück. "Völlig zu Recht", sagt Strafrechts-professor Alan Michaels, ein früherer New Yorker Staat-
sanwalt. Denn die Berufung eines Sonderermittlers sei für Fälle gedacht, in denen zu befürchten sei, dass der zuständige Ermittler wegen eines Interessenkonflikts befangen sei. Doch könne keine Rede davon sein, dass Vance die Zweifel an der Glaubwürdigkeit des ange-blichen Opfers publik gema-cht habe, weil er parteilich sei. Als der Hausarrest gegen Strauss-Kahn wegen der neuen Erkenntnisse über die Belastungszeugin aufgeho-ben wurde, war überwiegend von einem Debakel der Sta-atsanwaltschaft die Rede. Vor allem Chefankläger Vance geriet in die Kritik; er sei zu hastig und zu hart ge-gen Strauss-Kahn vorgegan-gen. Aber auch Kritiker lo-ben den Bezirksstaatsanwalt dafür, dass er nicht zögerte, Informationen über frühere Falschaussagen und fragwür-dige Kontakte Diallos zu offenbaren. Ein solches Vor-gehen der Staatsanwaltschaft, mit dem die Ermittler das Scheitern ihrer Anklage ris-kierten, erlebe man höchst selten, sagen amerikanische Strafrechtler wie der New Yorker Anwalt Lawrence Goldmann, ein Fachmann für Strafprozessrecht. Dazu muss man sich in Erinnerung ru-fen, dass der amerikanische Strafprozess viel stärker als der deutsche auf Konfronta-tion zwischen Verteidigung und Staatsanwaltschaft ange-legt ist. Wenn Vances Vorgänger Robert Morgenthau, einer der berühmtesten Staatsanwälte Amerikas, seinen früheren
Assistenten mit dem Hinweis verteidigt, im Fall Strauss-Kahn ginge es um die Ermit-tlung der Wahrheit unabhängig davon, wer am Ende Sieger und Verlierer sei, so entspricht dies kei-neswegs dem gängigen ame-rikanischen Verständnis vom Strafprozess. Viele Staatsanwälte nähmen es nicht allzu genau mit der Verpflichtung, potentiell entlastende Beweise zu of-fenbaren, sagt Strafrechtspro-fessor Berman. Dabei hatte der Oberste Gerichtshof s-chon 1963 gerügt, dass ein Verstoß gegen das Verfas-sungsrecht auf ein faires Verfahren vorliege, wenn die Staatsanwaltschaft entlasten-de Umstände nicht offenbare. Sollte Vance das Verfahren gegen Strauss-Kahn tatsächlich wegen Zweifeln an der Glaubwürdigkeit Dial-los einstellen, bedeutet das allerdings nicht zwangsläufig das Ende der juristischen Auseinandersetzungen. The-oretisch könnte dann dem Zimmermädchen ein Straf-prozess wegen Meineides sowie ein Verfahren wegen falscher Angaben im Asyl-verfahren bis hin zur Abschi-ebung in ihren Heimatstaat Guinea drohen. Doch weisen amerikanische Fachleute daraufhin, dass die Hürden für eine Verurteilung wegen Meineides in New York sehr hoch liegen. Auch zeigten sich die Ermittler oft zurüc-khaltend, gegen Frauen vor-zugehen, die zu Unrecht be-haupteten, zum Sex gezwun-gen worden zu sein. So wer-de befürchtet, tatsächliche
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Opfer würden sich scheuen, die Täter anzuzeigen. Die Anwälte des Zimmermädchens haben auf die Vorwürfe gegen ihre Mandantin bislang durch Vorwärtsverteidigung reagi-ert. So reichten sie Verleum-dungsklage gegen die "New York Post" ein, da das Bou-levardblatt das angebliche Vergewaltigungsopfer auf der Titelseite als "Hure" be-zeichnet hatte. Offen ließ Anwalt Thompson, ob er auch gegen Strauss-Kahn zivilrechtlich vorgehen wer-de. Allerdings könnte sich
durch eine solche Klage, bei der es um Ansprüche in Millionenhöhe gehen dürfte, das Bild von dem angebli-chen Vergewaltigungsopfer weiter eintrüben; die Chan-cen auf einen erfolgreichen Strafprozess gegen den Fran-zosen könnten dadurch wei-ter sinken. Sollte die Anklage aber oh-nehin fallengelassen werden, so spekulieren amerikanische Juristen, werde der Anwalt des Zimmermädchens womöglich versuchen, S-trauss-Kahn über das ameri-kanische Deliktsrecht doch
noch als Sexualstraftäter zu entlarven, da hier weniger strenge Beweisanforderun-gen gelten als im Strafrecht. Spektakulärstes Beispiel da-für ist der Fall O. J. Simpson. Nach dem äußerst kontrover-sen Freispruch des ehemali-gen Footballstars vom Vor-wurf des Mordes an seiner Frau Nicole und deren Fre-und, hatte ein Zivilgericht Simpson wegen der Tat zur Zahlung von 33,5 Millionen Dollar an die Hinterbliebe-nen der Opfer verurteilt.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • FRANKSURTER ALLGEMEINE (BL) • POLITIK • 12/7/2011 • 17:45:17
Informationsfreiheit: Durchleuchtet
Transparenz ist das Gebot der Stunde. Damit lässt sich Korruption bekämpfen, und Ma-cht braucht Kontrolle. Doch Transparenz ist nicht immer der höchste Wert. Wenn alles öffentlich sein soll, wer wird sich dann noch für die Res publica einsetzen? Von Reinhard Müller
Angela Merkel kann weiter-texten. Sie musste ihre ge-sammelten elektronischen Nachrichten bislang noch nicht öffentlich machen wie die ehemalige amerikanische Vizepräsidentschaftskandidatin Sarah Palin. Bisher wurde vor Gericht nur darüber ges-tritten, wie viele Einzelheiten die Bundeskanzlerin über ein Essen zu Ehren des Chefs der Deutschen Bank, Acker-mann, herausgeben muss. Aber das könnte erst der An-fang sein.
Im Zuge der in Deutschland recht neuen Informations-freiheitsgesetze wird man-ches ans Licht kommen, was
bisher hierzulande als selbstverständlich geheim galt. Während die amerika-nische Öffentlichkeit auf-grund des „Freedom of In-formation Act“ von 1966 davon erfuhr, dass der texa-nische Gouverneur George W. Bush im Schnitt fünfzehn Minuten auf die Prüfung ei-nes Todesurteils verwandte, dass er von neun bis siebzehn Uhr im Büro war und mittags zwei Stunden joggte, blieb deutschen Journalisten ein Einblick etwa in den Ter-minkalender Klaus Wowe-reits verwehrt.
So gar nichts offiziell zu er-fahren
Heute ist Transparenz das Gebot der Stunde. Sie ist angesichts der „wachsenden Informationsmacht des Staa-tes“ eine wichtige Vorausset-zung für die „effektive Wa-hrnehmung von Bürgerrech-ten“, wie es der deutsche Gesetzgeber schon 2005 formulierte. Und in der Tat: Es ist nicht auf Anhieb ein-zusehen, warum etwa zum Panzergeschäft mit Saudi-Arabien so gar nichts offizi-ell zu erfahren sein soll.
Doch Transparenz ist nicht immer der höchste Wert. Wenn alles öffentlich sein soll, wer wird sich dann noch für die Res publica, für die öffentliche Sache einsetzen? Wenn alles auf den Tisch
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gelegt werden muss, dann findet sich bald niemand me-hr, der an diesem Tisch Platz nehmen will. Spitzensportler müssen mittlerweile rund um die Uhr für unangemeldete Doping-Kontrollen zur Ver-fügung stehen, müssen sich an- und abmelden wie Freigänger oder einst die DDR-Besucher. Gewiss, für Sportler ein frei gewähltes Schicksal. Das gilt auch für Politiker.
Aber die Bereitschaft zu die-sem Beruf ist für das Land nicht ganz unerheblich. Wer tut sich das noch an? Wer promoviert wurde, muss da-mit rechnen, dass seine Dok-torarbeit so gründlich durc-hleuchtet wird wie die keines Wissenschaftlers oder Publi-zisten. Dass auch Wissens-chaftler heiß auf Titel sind und mitunter ebenfalls dank ihrer Netzwerke mit inhaltli-ch eher dünnen Werken Kar-riere machen (wollen), geht leicht unter. Das öffentliche Aufsehen ist weit größer, wenn - bisher haben sich fast noch in jedem Plagiatsfall die Beschuldigungen als zutref-fend herausgestellt - promi-nente Politiker oder ihnen Nahestehende an den Pranger gestellt werden können.
Muss der Kommunalpolitiker den geschenkten Kugelsc-hreiber ablehnen?
Weil sie ohnehin korrupt sind, wie ein beliebtes Vorur-teil lautet? Sie seien so leicht zu schmieren, so wird bis-weilen unterstellt, wie die
Abgeordneten in Syrien oder Sudan, wie in den Ländern also, die ebenso wenig wie Deutschland die UN-Konvention gegen Korrupti-on ratifiziert haben. Tatsächlich stellt das gelten-de Recht nur den Stimmen-kauf unter Strafe und erfasst nicht ohne weiteres wirts-chaftliche Verflechtungen. Diese strafrechtlich zu fassen ist nicht einfach - und eine fehlende Regelung noch kein Beleg für eine leichte Beste-chlichkeit deutscher Politi-ker. Die müssen sich auch ohne UN-Konvention aus vielen Richtungen durchleu-chten lassen.
Transparenz ist eine der bes-ten Maßnahmen zur Korruptionsbekämpfung. Die Durchleuchtung müssen sich dann aber auch Lobbyisten gefallen lassen. Macht brau-cht Kontrolle, gewiss. Aber Wiefelspütz und Westerwelle sind nicht mächtiger als die Herren über Deutsche Bank und Daimler; von Informationssupermächten wie Google zu schweigen. Und das allgemeine Korrup-tionsstrafrecht erfasst schon jede (auch immaterielle) Leistung, die einen Amtsträger objektiv bessers-tellt und auf die er keinen Anspruch hat. Dazu zählt natürlich auch die schwer greifbare „Klimapflege“. Muss also der Kommunalpo-litiker jeden geschenkten Kugelschreiber ablehnen? Das würde im Alltag nicht nur als lächerlich, sondern
auch oft als brüskierend emp-funden.
„Nur die Neugier eines bes-timmten Publikums“
Wie weit soll Transparenz also gehen? Soll aus dem gläsernen Politiker auch der gläserne Mensch werden? Auch das Private liegt heute nahezu vollkommenen offen - jedenfalls, wenn man Poli-tiker ist. Selbst der Europäische Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte, der die Pressefreiheit für Prinzessin-nen gern einschränkt, wenn eine Veröffentlichung „nur die Neugier eines bestimm-ten Publikums“ über das Pri-vatleben befriedigen will, nimmt Politiker davon weit-gehend aus.
Gewiss: Mitleid ist fehl am Platze. Politiker streben ans Licht und müssen das aushal-ten. Hans Magnus Enzens-berger schrieb in der Frank-furter Allgemeinen Zeitung vor bald zwanzig Jahren, dass die Spitzenpolitiker „wie alle Randgruppen, wie Alkoholiker, Spieler und Skinheads“ jenes „analytis-che Erbarmen“ verdienten, das nötig sei, „um ihr Elend zu begreifen“. Mehr Transpa-renz bedeutet wohl mehr Kontrolle, vielleicht aber auch noch mehr Geheimhal-tung, und zwar von der Art, die keiner merken soll. Ge-wiss aber auch, wie die Ter-minkalender von Sarah Palin bis Klaus Wowereit zeigen dürften, weitere Einblicke in das Elend.
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Una buena señal anticorrupción Jorge Zavaleta Alegre Pe-riodista Una buena señal para el Perú es el anuncio del nuevo gobi-erno para profundizar la lu-cha contra la corrupción, uno de los más evidentes flagelos que limita el desarrollo con equidad de sus 30 millones de habitantes. La Comisión de Alto Nivel Anticorrupción del Perú- CAN - respalda por unanimi-dad la modificación de la reciente Ley 29703, para impedir que los delitos contra el patrimonio del Estado sean burlados. La Sala Plena de la Corte Suprema de Justicia median-te una urgente iniciativa le-gislativa busca que el Con-greso evite la impunidad de los actos de corrupción de la administración pública. Además, la CAN solicita que la Fiscalía de la Nación in-terponga una acción de in-constitucionalidad ante el Tribunal Constitucional (TC) contra la mencionada Ley 29703, para que se elimine del sistema jurídico, no sólo a partir de la fecha en que se expida la sentencia, sino también para atacar los posi-bles efectos de la "retroacti-vidad benigna" en que algu-nos puedan ampararse en la norma aún estando derogada.
A tales decisiones se suma la elección del actual titular del Consejo Nacional de la Ma-gistratura (CNM), el doctor ingeniero Gonzalo García Núñez, como nuevo Presi-dente de la CAN, quien ten-drá una inmensa responsabi-lidad, en tanto reemplaza al doctor César San Martín Cas-tro, notable magistrado, co-nocido por haber presidido el tribunal que juzgó y condenó al ex presidente Fujimori a 25 años de prisión por delitos contra los derechos humanos y corrupción generalizada. El jurista San Martín consi-dera que García Núñez, por su experiencia, trayectoria profesional y la función que cumple, ayudará a promover una cultura contra la corrup-ción y la institucionalidad del país. La función de la CAN será articular los esfuerzos de la sociedad civil y llevarlos hacia objetivos concretos, eficientes y rápidos. García Núñez es profesor universitario con cuarenta años de experiencia, especi-almente en la UNI, Universi-dad de Grenoble y en el Insti-tuto Geopolítico Rennes con la Cátedra de las Américas. Ha sido decano del Colegio de Ingenieros y ha participa-do en varias propuestas de lucha contra la pobreza, la
construcción de ciudades saludables y un adecuado balance y manejo de la diver-sidad jurídica, dentro del concepto del Pluralismo Ju-rídico. Lo más importante en la a-nunciada dinámica de la CAN será la mayor partici-pación de las instituciones sociales, donde cada una desarrolle un conjunto de medidas que sean ejecuta-bles, al igual que normas contra la corrupción; y en especial medidas disciplina-rias en la administración pú-blica. Para lograr la transparencia de una gestión se espera la modernización de las institu-ciones, acortar los procesos, incorporar tecnologías de información y mejorar la gestión pública. Se trata de construir una eficiencia para evitar el mecanismo dilatorio que permite la corrupción. Las sanciones eficaces no deben generar rehabilitacio-nes y reingresos de los mis-mos que cometieron irregula-ridades. Solo una acción sincronizada entre todos los poderes del Estado –Ejecutivo, Legislati-vo, Judicial– la CAN podrá entregar un paquete de medi-das eficientes, rápidas y efi-caces.
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Esperan con serenidad
Ministro se muestra complacido con la labor realizada ante Corte El Gobierno chileno asumirá con "serenidad" el inicio de la etapa oral de la demanda limítrofe que se encuentra en la Corte Internacional de Justicia de La Haya, señaló el canciller de ese país, Al-fredo Moreno. "Asumimos el inicio de una nueva etapa oral con serenidad y plena confianza en los argumentos
de nuestro país", precisó Mo-reno, en declaraciones repro-ducidas por el diario chileno El Mercurio. El canciller chileno se mostró muy "satis-fecho" con el trabajo realiza-do en la dúplica y refirió que el gobierno ha rebatido "uno por uno" los argumentos ex-puestos por Perú tanto en su memoria como en la répli-
ca.Ratificó que la dúplica contiene "diversa evidencia empírica", donde supuesta-mente se demuestra que Chi-le, Perú y Ecuador han respe-tado los acuerdos pesqueros de 1952 y 1954, que Santiago considera como tratados y que los favorece en su argu-mentación.
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Plantean retiro paulatino de inmunidad parlamentaria
Eliminarla de golpe no sería conveniente, pues dejaría desprotegidos a legisladores El Congreso debería evaluar la posibilidad de eliminar la inmunidad parlamentaria a los legisladores, pero de una manera progresiva, en cor-respondencia con la corriente mundial al respecto, opinó el director ejecutivo de Refle-xión Democrática, José Éli-ce. El especialista señaló que el Perú no puede estar exento de esa tendencia, pero tendría que hacerse de una manera paulatina, porque, "lamenta-
blemente, en el país la políti-ca está muy judicializada, y podría haber excesos".Élice consideró que eliminarla "de golpe" no resultaría conveni-ente, porque dejaría despro-tegidos a los legisladores ante cualquier denuncia, por más infundada que sea. Op-ciones Refirió que tampoco es una buena opción dejar que la Corte Suprema sea la instancia que levante la in-munidad, y no el Congreso,
como sucede en muchos paí-ses del mundo, porque abriría un permanente conflicto en-tre ambos poderes.Asimismo, Élice recomendó al futuro Parlamento eliminar la Junta de Portavoces, en la que es-tán representados los voceros de las bancadas parlamenta-rias porque duplica las fun-ciones de la junta directiva, en la que también están los representantes de las banca-das.
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Afinan paso siguiente Luego de la presentación de la dúplica del gobierno chile-no, la Corte Internacional de Justicia (CIJ) de La Haya se reunirá para decidir la fecha de inicio de la fase oral del proceso, la misma que puede durar de dos a tres semanas, comentó el cancil-ler José Antonio García Be-launde. "La corte se reúne y decide en tal fecha tener la fase oral. Esta suele ser de
dos a tres semanas, en que los abogados de las partes explican a la corte todo lo que tienen estos documentos llamados memorias, contra-memorias, réplicas y dúpli-cas."El titular de Torre Tagle resaltó que culminada esta fase oral, que en nuestro país se conoce como audiencia pública, los magistrados de la CIJ "se quedan estudiando los documentos y preparando
la sentencia".Explicó, en ese sentido, que el gobierno de Chile, al igual que el perua-no, ha tenido ocho meses para preparar y presentar su dúplica en respuesta a nues-tra réplica sobre el diferendo marítimo entre ambas nacio-nes."Todo esto es un proceso muy largo, empezó en enero 2008 y terminará a mediados de 2013", destacó.
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Chile presentó dúplica en 75 ejemplares
Agentes de La Moneda buscan probar que acuerdos pesqueros son tratados Los agentes chilenos ante la Corte Internacional de Jus-ticia de La Haya entregaron ayer la dúplica de su país, como respuesta a la réplica peruana, con lo que concluye la fase escrita sobre el dife-rendo marítimo. El equipo integrado por los agentes Alberto Van Klaveren, María Teresa Infante y el embaja-dor chileno ante La Haya, Juan Martabit, presentó al
tribunal, 75 ejemplares del documento de cerca de 300 páginas y cuatro anexos. Van Klaveren aseveró ante la prensa que en el documento, Chile aporta "antecedentes nuevos" al proceso, aunque evitó dar detalles del conte-nido de la documentación por tratarse de material privado. No obstante, indicó que los nuevos elementos están diri-gidos a probar el vínculo
existente entre la práctica y los acuerdos pesqueros –que Chile considera supuestos tratados– de 1952 y 1954."Creemos que hay un principio básico que es el respeto a los tratados interna-cionales. Tenemos tratados que nos vinculan con Perú y también con Ecuador sobre nuestra delimitación maríti-ma", precisó.
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Canciller precisa lectura sobre la Carta Náutica
Chile hace una interpretación equivocada, señala Espera dar a conocer al país la labor que se realiza en La Haya El canciller José Antonio García Belaunde, señaló ayer que la lectura de Chile sobre la Carta Náutica de Ecuador que establece el límite marí-timo con el Perú, está "muy equivocada", al considerarla como argumento para pre-tender hacer valer los conve-nios pesqueros de 1952 y 1954, como tratados de lími-tes. Refirió que, a partir del 2 de mayo del presente año, existe un acuerdo reconocido por Perú ante las Naciones Uni-das sobre el límite marítimo con el Ecuador, que establece cuáles son las aguas interio-res de cada país, y es "el úni-co acuerdo" al respecto con Ecuador. "Eso no existía antes (un acuerdo de límite marítimo), y no existe tal cosa entre Pe-rú y Chile", dijo.
En declaraciones a Canal N, el diplomático refirió que una vez que se levante la reserva del caso, todos los peruanos podrán conocer el trabajo realizado por la Cancillería, porque es una memoria bien hecha y hay documentos que sustentan la memoria y la réplica presentadas ante la Corte Internacional de Jus-ticia de La Haya. Indicó que personalmente se encargó de informar a los diferentes grupos políticos de los pasos que se han venido dando, y recibió el respaldo, porque la política emprendi-da ante la Corte Internacio-nal de Justicia de La Haya, "ha sido un tema de Estado". En ese sentido, señaló que supone que el trabajo reali-zado "se va a mantener" en el próximo gobierno, y expresó su seguridad de que el Perú logrará ganar la disputa del límite marítimo con Chile. "Yo afirmo la seguridad de que la vamos a ganar (la cau-
sa peruana ante La Haya), tenemos la razón que nos ampara", subrayó. Sustentación ante la ONU • Los acuerdos pesqueros de 1952 y 1954 fueron suscritos por Ecuador, Chile y Perú cuando pescadores artesana-les sobrepasaban su mar ter-ritorial y eran detenidos por las autoridades de la nación limítrofe. • Para evitar que ello ocurrie-ra, las tres naciones andinas optaron por concertar un a-cuerdo sobre explotación y conservación de las riquezas marítimas del Pacífico Sur (1952), y el convenio sobre una zona especial fronteriza marítima (1954). • Sin embargo, pese a que Chile insiste en el carácter limítrofe de ambos tratados, Ecuador presentó el 5 de mayo los documentos oficia-les que ratifican sus límites marítimos con Perú, sin mencionar a los acuerdos de 1952 y 1954.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL PERUANO (SP) • DERECHO • 12/7/2011
Callao avanza con la descarga procesal
Alistan digitalización de expedientes y registro de firmas biométricas Los Juzgados Transitorios de la Corte del Callao realiza-ron, por iniciativa propia, una jornada extraordinaria de descarga procesal con el ob-jetivo de resolver el mayor número de procesos judicia-les. Dicha labor se inició con la visita inopinada del titular de esta corte, Daniel Peirano Sánchez, quien destacó que haciendo eco al llamado que hiciera a los magistrados al iniciar su gestión en contri-buir con la descarga procesal, este se hiciera efectivo y sea asumido como compromiso siguiendo los lineamientos trazados por el presidente del Poder Judicial, César San Martín Castro.Calificó como positivo el balance de esta jornada realizada por primera vez en el Poder Judicial, la
misma que próximamente se descentralizará en otras sedes de esta corte. En esta sesión se efectuaron diligencias, audiencias, lecturas de sen-tencias y otros trámites en los once juzgados transitorios de la avenida La Marina en La Perla.Esta medida tendrá como resultado la agilización de los procesos, la solución de más expedientes y el lide-razgo del Callao a escala nacional en el Plan Nacional de Descarga Procesal, di-jo.Respecto a los nuevos retos de esta jurisdicción, el magistrado adelantó que vie-nen trabajando en la digitali-zación de expedientes judici-ales, en la puesta en marcha de las notificaciones electró-nicas y en la implementación de un registro de firmas bio-
métricas que eviten la su-plantación de personas.
Investigaciones
El titular de la Corte del Cal-lao, Enrique Peirano, aseguró que su administración apoya-rá de manera efectiva cual-quier investigación que se realice en torno a denuncias por actos de corrupción con-tra magistrados de ese distri-to judicial."Evidentemente que vamos a apoyar toda investigación. Si se da el caso de alguna irregularidad funcional, apoyaremos no solo una investigación sino cualquier operativo que lleve a esclarecer la denuncia", dijo.
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PJ busca equilibrio con el derecho a la información
Difusión de las comunicaciones privadas estará exenta de pena Siempre que atiendan a claras situaciones de interés público Un proyecto de ley para mo-dificar el Código Penal en lo referido a la interceptación, interferencia y difusión de comunicaciones privadas, presentó la Sala Plena de la Corte Suprema de Justicia al Congreso de la República,
para su pronto debate. La iniciativa legal, de esa mane-ra, plantea la reforma del artículo 162 del Código Pe-nal, cuya enmienda permitirá a los medios de comunicaci-ón (agentes de difusión), poder divulgar este tipo de
comunicaciones, atendiendo a claras situaciones de interés público, que solo ellos evalu-arán. Así como para evitar la co-misión de un delito o para denunciarlo públicamente, a fin de que el órgano constitu-
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cional competente para in-vestigar, actúe de oficio. “Tratándose de actos de difu-sión, el juez podrá, según las circunstancias del caso, de-clarar exento de pena al a-gente cuando, desde un razo-nado criterio de proporciona-lidad, resulte evidente que este ha actuado en interés de causa pública o para evitar o denunciar la comisión de un delito perseguible de oficio”, refiere el texto aprobado por el Poder Judicial. La propuesta plantea también endurecer la pena para “el que ilícitamente intercepta, interfiere o difunda de cual-quier manera, comunicacio-nes, conversaciones o imáge-nes privadas”. Así, será re-primido con pena privativa de libertad no menor de tres ni mayor de seis años y de 180 a 360 días de multa, re-comienda el texto. Dicha condena tampoco po-drá ser menor de seis ni ma-yor de diez años, ni de 380 a 500 días multa, cuando el agente es funcionario, el deli-to se realice utilizando medi-os de comunicación, cuando es cometido por lucro, o por
dos o más personas, o por el integrante de una organizaci-ón criminal. Respecto a las personas jurí-dicas, que todas aquellas organizaciones involucradas en la realización, favorecimi-ento o encubrimiento del delito, serán sancionados con las consecuencias accesorias que corresponda según el artículo 105 del Código Pe-nal. Para el titular de la Corte Suprema de Justicia, César San Martín, el objeto de este proyecto es dar respuesta a los graves problemas de cor-rupción y comisión de diver-sos delitos que pudieran pre-sentarse, con la finalidad de evitar la impunidad ante este tipo de situaciones, descar-tando cualquier intento de la judicatura de una supuesta evaluación judicial previa a la difusión de la información obtenida mediante intercep-tación. Un avance sustancial Luis Lamas Puccio. Penalista Esta propuesta legislativa lo que persigue es encontrar un punto de equilibrio entre el derecho a difundir un audio y
el control de los audios pro-ducto de la difusión, a excep-ción de que se trate de interés público. Entonces, eso se deja a criterio de los jueces y, quien es objeto de una de-nuncia por difusión de un audio, tendrá que demostrar que efectivamente se trataba de un interés público o de un hecho de carácter delictivo. Por tanto, es un avance sus-tancial porque no busca des-merecer a la libertad de pren-sa, pero sí ejercer un control racional, para evitar la ocur-rencia de estos actos, sin nin-guna connotación de carácter público, pero sí con un senti-do amarillista. Interés público Según la iniciativa, el delito propuesto admite, en caso de difusión de comunicaciones privadas, una exención de pena, aceptada por la doctri-na y la jurisprudencia. Ella se presenta cuando el agente actúa en interés de causa pública. Igualmente, que el agente haya sido ajeno al proceso de su obtención.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL PERUANO (SP) • DERECHO • 12/7/2011
Plantean retos a seguir para la reforma procesal penal
Magistrado califica de positiva la aplicación progresiva de este modelo En entrevista con el Diario Oficial El Peruano, el vocal evalúa también los avances y desafíos que encara el actual proceso de implementación progresiva del nuevo Código
Procesal Penal (NCPP) en el país.
El NCPP ya lleva casi cinco años de vigencia, ¿qué es lo mejor y qué debería corregir-
se en esta reforma progresi-va?–Bueno, la vigencia pro-gresiva del NCPP nos mues-tra dos tipos de problemas que debemos superar. Por un lado, la no siempre oportuna
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facilitación de recursos para la implementación en las diferentes instituciones que participan en este modelo. Luego, el surgimiento de enfoques de interpretación diferentes en torno a una misma institución, lo cual ha ido creando pequeñas escue-las de aplicación del código. Tenemos a las cortes de La Libertad, Arequipa y Huaura, como las que lideran líneas de opinión, que no siempre coinciden en una misma ins-titución.¿Esto debe superar-se?–Hay que dar los recursos oportunamente, consolidar criterios de interpretación homogéneos y producir una jurisprudencia de casación que permitan superar las des-viaciones en la interpretación de las normas. Igualmente, fortalecer la capacitación no tanto de jueces y fiscales sino de las otras instituciones, aun el segmento policial o la ac-tividad de la defensa no va al mismo compás. Es más, en-tendemos que esta capacita-ción debe ser concurrente, vinculando a jueces, fiscales y policías en una interacción más dinámica.¿El balance es positivo?–Me parece que sí, la población ya lo va enten-diendo, pese a que inicial-mente se afirmaba que este NCPP favorecía a la crimina-lidad o que era muy benevo-lente, con el tiempo transcur-rido nos ha ido mostrando sus ventajas, como el acele-rar los juicios y la calidad de las resoluciones, aunque ob-viamente también se tiene dificultades y vacíos.¿Cuáles son esos vacíos?–Por ejem-plo, no tenemos reglas claras para la determinación de la
pena en juicio oral. El NCPP se preocupó mucho por la definición de la culpabilidad, pero no dejó un espacio para la discusión de este tema. Entonces, hace falta una eta-pa complementaria, luego de la declaración de culpabili-dad, que podría ser de deter-minación de la pena, donde las partes nuevamente discu-tan frente al juez los alcances de la pena pedida por el fis-cal, a la luz de las circuns-tancias que el caso ha permi-tido conocer y que, luego de ese debate, el juez esté en condiciones de realizar una exposición clara de la sanci-ón impuesta. Nuestra pobla-ción mide a la justicia penal por el tipo de sanción que aplica. Es importante, enton-ces, que estas tengan una justificación y un espacio de discusión adecuados dentro del nuevo modelo proce-sal.Aún falta el gran reto que es Lima. ¿Cómo encararlo?–En efecto, nos falta el gran reto que es Lima, un ámbito no solo geográfico sino soci-al importante y que perso-nalmente creo que debería desarrollarse ya una estrate-gia de preparación frente a ese paso, que se dará en bre-ve. Ahí es donde vamos a demandar un mayor interés y esfuerzo de todos los secto-res, principalmente del gobi-erno y del Parlamento. Preci-samente, en la reunión que sostuvimos recientemente con el presidente electo, Ol-lanta Humala, este manifestó su interés en apoyar la reali-zación de este modelo, con el objetivo esencial de que la justicia llegue a todos los peruanos.¿A qué se compro-
metió el presidente electo?–Fundamentalmente, en el apoyo de lo que será su ges-tión como presidente del Po-der Ejecutivo, pero también de la bancada de su partido para desarrollar una agenda común con el Poder Judici-al, que entendemos será una puerta abierta importante para que podamos mejorar las oportunidades, consolidar los avances y superar las dificultades de este proceso de reforma, que aún va a tener muchos años más de implementación.
NCPP da herramientas para encarar la criminalidadSi bien para usted el balance de la aplicación del NCPP es positivo, existen algunas ob-servaciones de la población cuestionando cierta benevo-lencia frente a la criminali-dad, ¿cómo revertir esa per-cepción?–La expresión ga-rantista significa justamente eso: un código que define garantías, que no son otras que las recogidas por la Constitución. Se entiende que el proceso debe desarrol-larse en líneas de igualdad, partiendo de una presunción de inocencia del procesado, asegurar el derecho de defen-sa y de prueba, los equilibri-os entre quién acusa y resiste la acusación, lo cual no es negativo. Diría que lo que se entiende como tal es la prac-tica de estas normas, que unidas a veces a una funda-mentación no muy clara de las decisiones adoptadas, pueden llevar a confusión a la población, pero cuidado, el NCPP tiene todo un libro y varios capítulos para proce-
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dimientos que enfrentan la criminalidad organizada. Entonces, se tiene todo un arsenal de medidas al respec-to. El tema es que hay que usarlas y desarrollarlas ple-namente en la praxis judicial, del Ministerio Público y de la PNP. Eso debiera ser el con-trapeso a esa visión de un garantismo excesivo.¿No se está usando?–Estimo que aún hay una praxis que no se a-dentra en la aplicación de estas nuevas institucio-nes.¿Se está optando más por la terminación anticipada...? –Quizá porque son las partes más inmediatas y convencio-nales, pero el NCPP también tiene entrega vigilada, agen-tes encubiertos, interceptaci-ón de comunicaciones, cola-boración eficaz, entre otras herramientas para enfrentar a la criminalidad organizada. Es más, existe todo un libro sobre cooperación judicial internacional en materia pe-nal. Vale decir que esta parte del NCPP todavía no se es-trena en la dimensión desea-da.
Enmiendas al Código PenalA 20 años de vigencia del Có-digo Penal, usted menciona la necesidad de realizar en-miendas a este cuerpo legis-lativo. ¿Cuáles serían las prioridades?–El debate pree-lectoral puso de relieve algu-nos temas que deben ser a-genda de discusión en el ám-bito penal. Por ejemplo, si el Perú debe considerar impres-criptible los delitos contra la administración pública, si los actos de posesión de drogas para el propio consumo de-ben ser objeto de un tratami-
ento diferente al actual, si los problemas de los delitos de aborto, deben volver a ser examinadas. Igualmente, la situación concerniente a nue-vas formas de criminalidad organizada, pues la sociedad civil reclama que exista des-de la ley un manejo más téc-nico de estas manifestacio-nes, pero obviamente tambi-én se demanda toda una polí-tica que integre los diferentes niveles de prevención y de control de estas formas delic-tivas.
Balance de labor legislativa es deficitarioEl Parlamento está por terminar un nuevo período legislativo de cinco años. Como magistrado y docente, ¿qué podría destacar de esta labor?–Me preocupa mucho el quehacer del Con-greso y no solo de este perio-do que está por concluir. Mí experiencia como profesor universitario y de aficionado a los temas penales, me ha permitido encontrar siempre en el Parlamento una orienta-ción muy clara en materia penal, pese a que cuenta con brillantes asesores y a que hubo iniciativas muy tras-cendentes, los defectos con que cuentan los resultados legislativos nos permiten observar que sería menester en el futuro, dedicar mayor análisis y rigor técnico a la elaboración de leyes pena-les.¿improvisación legal?–Diría que los problemas y vacíos de las normas se de-ben justamente a que desar-rollamos una práctica de im-provisación de disposiciones penales, las cuales además como se promulga de manera
dispersa, no siempre alcan-zan a desarrollar una línea sistemática coherente. Así, tenemos normas que crean delitos, a veces, innecesarios o que ya pueden estar cubier-tos por otras figuras preexis-tentes. En otros, las penas resultan incoherentes, dupli-can delitos o disposiciones para una misma materia. Me parece que, como ocurre en otros países, si el Congreso desarrolla procedimientos que le permitan afinar el ca-rácter técnico de su produc-ción legislativa en materia penal, los resultados serán más óptimos. De momento, el balance sería deficitari-o.¿No hay nada destacable en este período?–Bueno, algo que es muy sintomático, co-menzó con mucho interés y esfuerzo de los congresistas involucrados, pero que luego fue cediendo a los problemas de coyuntura, me refiero a la revisión del Código Penal que, incluso, se llegó a pro-ducir una parte general que planteaba aportes muy im-portantes, como la construc-ción de reglas para la deter-minación de la pena, criterios para el tratamiento penal de personas jurídicas y, en la parte general, se abordó el tema del aborto, entre otros. Pero ahora, ad portas de cer-rarse definitivamente este Congreso, en su actividad legislativa, pues no se logró tener un documento final o al menos que se haya hecho público. Nuestra invocación es que, a 20 años del Código Penal esa revisión debe con-tinuar y concretarse en una propuesta de enmiendas par-ciales al código actualmente
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vigente que, sirva como ade-lanto a lo que quizá más ade-
lante pueda ser una reforma total.
Fecha:12/07/2011
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • CLARÍN (AR) • POLÍTICA • 12/7/2011
“Haber perseguido a dos inocentes es una tragedia institucional” ¿Cuál fue la reacción frente los primeros resultados del cotejo? Estamos moderadamente contentos, no triunfalistas. También estamos tristes por-que para nosotros es una tra-gedia institucional que dos personas inocentes como Marcela y Felipe -al decir inocentes digo sin ninguna imputación-, hayan sido per-seguidos por el Estado na-cional durante estos últimos cinco años de manera directa con el objeto de lograr un consentimiento viciado para obtener una medida de prue-ba que es inconstitucional y viola sus derechos. ¿A qué se refiere con perse-cución directa? A lo que pasó, por ejemplo, cuando el 24 de marzo de 2010, la presidenta Cristina
Fernández sugirió que Ernes-tina Herrera de Noble era una apropiadora o cuando el jefe de Gabinete Aníbal Fernán-dez dijo que “las víctimas no tienen derechos” en uno de los tantos programas públi-cos de propaganda guberna-mental. Afirmar eso es no conocer la Constitución que está para proteger esos dere-chos. ¿Cuál es la situación judicial de Ernestina Herrera de No-ble después de este resulta-do? La imputación que tiene, sin ningún elemento concreto de sospecha, es la de apropiaci-ón de menores en la dictadu-ra militar. Con el hipotético resultado negativo del cotejo de todas las muestras, existe un derecho a que la causa se resuelva en un plazo razona-
ble. Es una garantía constitu-cional prevista en la Consti-tución y en todos los tratados internacionales que Argenti-na ha firmado. No se puede mantener abierta una causa a la espera de que algún día algo pase. ¿Qué piensa del silencio de la organización Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo frente al pri-mer resultado de los análisis? Me parece valorable de su parte que no emitan opinión hasta que se termine todo el cotejo. Y con respecto a A-buelas en general, que se hayan apartado de lo que había sido su política habitu-al que era no participar en política partidaria y en este caso lo hayan hecho, no inva-lida todo lo bueno que han realizado en los últimos tre-inta años.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • CLARÍN (AR) • POLÍTICA • 12/7/2011
Una estrategia de hostigamiento Los abogados de las familias querellantes nunca aceptaron el análisis que, en 2003, o-frecieron Marcela y Felipe Noble Herrera. El mismo fue avalado por la Justicia y ape-lado por los letrados de las
familias García-Gualdero y Miranda-Lanuscou. Incluso llegó a la Corte Suprema, que lo convalidó. Pero luego el Gobierno impulsó una ley que fue el vehículo para se-guir aplazando la respuesta.
En el medio de la causa se sumó como letrado de la fa-milia Lanuscou el abogado Pablo Llonto, un ex emplea-do de Clarín enfrentado con el diario. Llonto llevó ade-lante una fuerte campaña
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contra la directora de Clarín y sus hijos. En julio de 2010, cuando ya Marcela y Felipe habían dado tres muestras de ADN, dijo: “como el Grupo Clarín está cada vez más dispuesto a poner obstáculos, evidente-mente ellos tienen algún tipo de información que indicaría que no quieren de ninguna manera llegar al análisis”. Y en mayo de ese año llegó a afirmar: “Está comprobado que los hijos de Noble son apropiados”.
Hace tres semanas, luego de que los hermanos pidieran una nueva extracción dijo: “Estamos acostumbrados a que nos quieran hacer tram-pa”. Pocos días antes, en un cues-tionamiento directo a la vo-luntad de los hermanos, L-lonto dijo que los abogados y Clarín “utilizaban a Marcela y Felipe como un escudo para proteger a Ernestina Herrera de Noble”. Las de Llonto se suman a las declaraciones de políticos y periodistas del kirchnerismo
que en estos últimos años no dudaron en lanzar frases co-mo “apropiación”, “robo de bebés” y hasta “delitos de lesa humanidad” pese a que no existe ningún dato que vincule a las adopciones de Marcela y Felipe con famili-as de desaparecidos, y a que la directora del diario fue sobreseída de irregularidades en las adopciones. En los últimos días, Llonto venía cambiando su postura. El viernes dijo al diario ofi-cialista BAE, “la expectativa que tenemos es nula”.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • CLARÍN (AR) • POLÍTICA • 12/7/2011
Caso Noble Herrera: el primer cotejo de ADN dio negativo Se confirmó que Marcela y Felipe no tienen vínculo bio-lógico con las familias que los reclamaban desde hace años como supuestos hijos de desaparecidos. En 2003 los hermanos ya habían dado muestras para la prueba que recién se hizo ayer La Justicia comprobó ayer que los perfiles genéticos de Marcela y Felipe Noble Her-rera no coinciden con los de las dos familias querellantes en la causa por la filiación de los dos hermanos, lo que deja en claro que no tienen víncu-lo biológico. Tal como lo dispuso la jueza federal de San Isidro, Sandra Arroyo Salgado, la compara-ción de ADN se llevó a cabo en el Banco Nacional de Da-tos Genéticos (BNDG), que funciona en el hospital Du-
rand, en presencia de la jue-za, la fiscal Rita Molina y peritos de todas las partes. El trámite de ayer por la mañana es el primero que se realiza luego de que la Justi-cia aceptara el pedido de los hermanos Noble Herrera de ofrecer nuevas muestras de ADN para compararlas con todas las del Banco Nacional de Datos Genéticos, donde familiares de desaparecidos buscan a bebés nacidos du-rante la dictadura o apropia-dos. Los perfiles de Marcela y Felipe Noble Herrera fue-ron comparados con los de las familias Lanoscou-Miranda y los Gualdero-Garcia, querellantes en esta causa desde hace diez años. La agencia oficial de noticias Télam había publicado la información sobre los resul-
tados negativos de las mues-tras de los hermanos Noble Herrera, pero minutos más tarde eliminó llamativamente la publicación de su sitio web. El cable original se pu-blicó a las 14.49 en la cable-ra, y 11 minutos después se reescribió esa nota y se subió al portal que tiene en Inter-net. Luego se dio de baja el ca-ble. La inexistencia de lazos bio-lógicos con estas dos familias podría haberse confirmado hace ocho años, cuando los hijos de la directora de Cla-rín, Ernestina Herrera de Noble, ofrecieron realizarse una muestra de ADN para compararlas con ambas fami-lias. El examen fue ofrecido en 2003, ordenado por la Justicia en 2004, y luego
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ratificado por todas las ins-tancias judiciales, incluso la Corte Suprema. Pero el análisis no pudo con-cretarse por las sucesivas apelaciones de los abogados de estas dos familias querel-lantes, que se opusieron hasta hoy a la modalidad ordenada por los jueces. Ocho años después, el BNDG confirma el resultado negativo al ter-minar la primera etapa de cotejo que incluyó sólo a las familias querellantes. Luego vendrá una segunda etapa de cotejo con los 54 casos de nacimientos produ-cidos entre 1975 y 1976, que comenzará hoy, y después con la totalidad del BNDG. Tanto Marcela y Felipe -que escribieron una carta abierta en 2010- como sus abogados, siempre sostuvieron que no había ningún elemento que pudiera vincularlos con personas desaparecidas. De hecho, por las fechas de sus adopciones resultaba imposi-ble que tuvieran vínculo bio-lógico con las familias Gar-cía-Gualdero y Miranda-Lanuscou. En el caso de Marcela, además, su grupo sanguíneo difería del de Ma-
tilde Lanuscou, que fue secu-estrada en septiembre de 1976, meses después de la adopción de Marcela. Sin embargo, ambas familias siguieron sosteniendo su que-rella hasta el día de hoy, e incluso el abogado de una de ellas, Pablo Llonto, tuvo una permanente actitud de ataque a los hermanos y a su madre, Ernestina Herrera de Noble. Estos pasos pudieron llevarse adelante luego de la decisión tomada por Marcela y Felipe de no apelar un fallo de la Cámara de Casación que los obligaba a otra extracción compulsiva y su entrecruza-miento con un número limi-tado de familias. La resoluci-ón establecía que debía con-frontarse el ADN con los registros de familiares de desaparecidos hasta el 13 de mayo de 1976, en el caso de Marcela, y hasta el 7 de julio del mismo año, en el de Feli-pe, teniendo en cuenta la fecha de su adopción. El 17 de junio, los hermanos presentaron a través de sus abogados un escrito a la jue-za en la que pidieron que su ADN se compare “cuanto antes” con todos los perfiles
genéticos del BNDG . Lo hicieron a pesar de que en todos estos años nunca tuvie-ron indicio alguno de poder tener vinculación biológica con desaparecidos. Los hermanos adoptaron esta decisión para “poner fin al acoso y la persecución que ellos y su madre vienen su-friendo desde hace diez años” , y que se volvió más brutal desde hace tres, con presiones y hostigamientos oficiales que no respetaron en absoluto sus derechos. Para poner fin a esta perse-cución, ambos concurrieron el 24 de junio al BNDG, donde se les tomó nuevamen-te muestras de sangre y sali-va. Fue la cuarta vez que ofre-cieron muestras, algo que sin precedentes en el país. El trazado de su perfil gené-tico se concluyó el 31 de junio pasado. La jueza San-dra Arroyo Salgado decidió que la primera comparación se realizase con las muestras de las familias querellantes, que tal como se comunicó ayer, dio resultado negativo.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • LE FIGARO (FR) • ACTUALITÉ • 12/7/2011 • 08:49:00
Egypte: l'armée veut garder son rôle L armée égyptienne a déclaré aujourd hui qu elle ne "re-noncerait pas à son rôle" et a émis une mise en garde aux manifestants qui contestent sa gestion de la transition politique du pays. Le Conseil suprême des forces armées
(CSFA) a, dans un message télévisé, souligné qu il ne "renoncerait pas à son rôle dans la gestion des affaires du pays durant cette période critique de l histoire de l Egypte". Le CSFA, qui diri-ge l Egypte depuis la chute
du président Hosni Mouba-rak le 11 février, ajoute qu il ne "déviera pas de son rôle national".Ce conseil d une vingtaine de généraux, dirigé par le maréchal Hussein Tan-taoui, réaffirme sa volonté d organiser des élections légis-
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latives, puis faire adopter une nouvelle Constitution et tenir une présidentielle afin de remettre le pouvoir aux civils. Il se déclare également favorable à la liberté d ex-pression "garantie pour tous, dans le cadre de la loi". Le CSFA émet également une mise en garde implicite aux manifestants qui depuis
vendredi critiquent la manière dont ils dirige le pays, et mettent aussi en cau-se le premier ministre de transition Essam Charaf. L armée prévient contre "la dérive de certains manifes-tants par rapport à une ap-proche pacifique, qui porte atteinte aux intérêts de la population et fait obstruction
aux institutions de l Etat". Les manifestants critiquent la lenteur des réformes depuis la chute du président Mouba-rak, et réclament une purge de la police ainsi qu une jus-tice plus ferme et plus rapide à l égard des anciens dirige-ants.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • LE FIGARO (FR) • ACTUALITÉ • 12/7/2011 • 16:00:00
Première bougie pour la Droite populaire
Le collectif de la Droite Po-pulaire, regroupant une qua-rantaine de députés UMP se revendiquant comme "anar-chistes de droite", a célébré son premier anniversai-re,deux jours avant la Fête nationale du 14 juillet, autour de "saucisson", "vin rouge" et autres produits du terroir. Une dizaine de députés UMP ont fait à l Assemblée un "bilan" de l action du collec-tif depuis sa fondation, le 14 juillet 2010, date symbolique pour ces "Gaulois" qui font de la "Nation" et la "laïcité" leurs valeurs cardinales.Sur le permis à points, la déché-ance de nationalité, le droit d
appel de la victime lors d un acquittement aux assises, la Droite Populaire a "été écou-tée mais peut-être pas enten-due", ont dit ces élus, parlant d amendements adoptés mais "rejetés en commission pari-taire" ou "flingués par le Conseil Constitutionnel". Interrogés sur le sens de l appel à un apéritif "saucis-son, vin rouge", renvoyant aux fameux "apéros saucis-son, pinard" des groupes d extrême droite Riposte Laïque et Bloc identitaire, les députés ont réfuté "toute provocation". "Ca fait 25 siècles qu il y a du vin en France! On ne va
pas empêcher les gens de boire un coup de rouge, c est aberrant, c est du terrorisme intellectuel!", s est exclamé Jacques Myard, qui se veut le chantre de la laïcité. A ceux qui les accusent de mordre sur le FN, ils répondent : "on existait avant". Ils ont été interpellés par une poignée d assistants parle-mentaires de l Union syndi-cale des collaborateurs par-lementaires (USCP-UNSA Assemblée nationale), qui ont brandi le premier article de la Constitution, pour "rappeler que la France est une République".
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • LE FIGARO (FR) • ÉCONOMIE • 12/7/2011 • 16:29:00
Hermès/droits de vote:l'Adam déboutée L Association des actionnai-res minoritaires (Adam) a été déboutée mardi par le tribu-nal de commerce de Paris de
sa demande de renvoi au fond sur les droits de vote des membres de la famille Hermès, réunis au sein d un
holding pour contrer les ap-pétits du géant du luxe LV-MH.L Adam avait saisi fin mai le juge des référés juste
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avant l assemblée générale de Hermès afin qu il décide ou pas de priver des membres de la famille de leurs droits de vote, pour ne pas avoir décla-ré de franchissement de seuils avec la Constitution du holding. L audience ayant été repous-sée à ce mardi pour une ques-tion de procédure et l assem-blée générale d Hermès ayant eu lieu comme prévu, l asso-ciation présidée par Colette Neuville réclamait que le juge des référés utilisent la procédure dite de "la passe-relle" pour saisir directement le juge du fond afin qu il statue sur ce dossier "suffi-samment longtemps en a-
mont de la prochaine assem-blée". Pour Mme Neuville, il s agit au-delà du cas Hermès de faire "valoir le droit pour tout le monde c est-à-dire la pri-vation des droits de vote en cas d action de concert non déclarée et de franchissement de seuil non déclarés". Le tribunal l a déboutée en arguant notamment qu il n y avait plus de caractère d ur-gence, une des conditions pour utiliser la passerelle. Il a reconnu cependant le droit d agir de l Adam, contesté par les avocats de la famille Hermès et ceux de la société éponyme.
L Adam peut à présent, si elle le souhaite, saisir direc-tement la justice au fond sur la question des droits de vote. Hermès soutient depuis le début qu il n y a pas lieu de faire de déclaration d action de concert ni de franchisse-ment de seuils la famille dé-tenant avant et après le hol-ding la grande majorité des actions. Les deux parties attendent à présent une autre décision de justice. La Cour d Appel, saisie encore par l Adam, doit se prononcer le 15 sep-tembre sur un autre volet du dossier et qui concerne une décision de l AMF en faveur d Hermès.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • LE MONDE (FR) • À LA UNE • 12/7/2011 • 15:41:21
Enlèvement de Gilad Shalit : deux juges désignés en France pour enquê-ter Deux juges français ont été désignés pour instruire une plainte pour "enlèvement et séquestration" déposée par les parents de Gilad Shalit, jeune soldat israélien détenu dans la bande de Gaza et ayant la nationalité française. Les deux juges d instruction René Cros et Céline Hilden-brandt ont été désignés "la semaine dernière" pour en-quêter sur l enlèvement du jeune homme, capturé il y a cinq ans à la lisière de la bande de Gaza, a précisé une source proche du dossier. Les parents de Gilad Shalit, Noam et Aviva Shalit, avai-ent porté plainte avec Cons-
titution de partie civile le 6 juin auprès du doyen des juges d instruction du tribu-nal de grande instance de Paris pour obtenir l ouverture d une information judiciaire. Cette plainte n était pas dé-posée explicitement contre le Hamas, mais elle identifiait clairement le mouvement islamiste comme ravisseur de Gilad Shalit, capturé alors qu il faisait son service militaire en Israël. "Nous sommes contraints de saisir la justice française car les ravisseurs de mon fils ont ignoré les appels répétés de la communauté internationale en faveur de sa libération",
avait déclaré le père de Gilad Shalit lors du dépôt de la plainte. "Il n a aucun droit humain, ce qui est en contra-diction avec le droit interna-tional", avait-il ajouté, assu-rant chercher "tous les mo-yens", "en Israël comme en France", pour ramener son fils "à la maison". Gilad Shalit a été capturé le 25 juin 2006 par un com-mando de trois groupes ar-més palestiniens de Gaza, dont l un relevant du Hamas, qui vient récemment de scel-ler un pacte de réconciliation avec le Fatah du président de l Autorité palestinienne, Mahmoud Abbas.
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Sa libération a paru proche en 2009 avec un projet d é-change du tankiste israélien contre des prisonniers du
Hamas, mais les négociations ont échoué en raison d un désaccord sur l identité des détenus concernés. Depuis
son enlèvement, Gilad Shalit est détenu au secret et la Croix-Rouge n a jamais été autorisée à lui rendre visite.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • LE MONDE (FR) • À LA UNE • 12/7/2011 • 14:57:49
Jeu de dupes autour de la "règle d'or" budgétaire
L Assemblée nationale s ap-prête à adopter, mercredi 13 juillet, un projet de loi Cons-titutionnel, déjà validé lundi par le Sénat... Mais députés et sénateurs savent que ce texte n aboutira vraisembla-blement jamais. Le gouvernement propose en effet de mettre en place une "règle d or" budgétaire, qui inscrirait dans la Constituti-on l objectif de maîtrise des dépenses publiques. Selon cette règle, toutes les questi-ons relatives à la fiscalité seraient désormais traitées au travers des seules lois de finances et de financement de la sécurité sociale. Le texte mettrait en place des "lois-cadres d équilibre des finances publiques", qui, selon l exposé des motifs du texte législatif, "programme-ront l évolution de l ensem-ble des finances publiques et auront ainsi un champ identi-que à celui de nos engage-ments européens en matière de déficits publics". En clair, il s agit de définir pour plusieurs années l évo-lution globale des dépenses et des recettes publiques afin
d obliger une réduction des déficits et de l endettement, sur le modèle des critères européens dits "de Maastri-cht" : Aucune mesure nou-velle ayant un coût sur les finances publiques ne pour-rait être adoptée sans que soit trouvé un revenu équivalent. REFUS DU PS Mais son adoption dans les mêmes termes par les deux assemblées ne suffit pas : pour être inscrite dans la Constitution, cette "règle d or" budgétaire suppose une réunion du Congrès (l en-semble des députés et des sénateurs) et le vote des trois cinquièmes de ses membres. "Compte tenu de l aggravati-on de la situation des mar-chés financiers", il pourrait se réunir à l automne, a esti-mé François Fillon sur Euro-pe 1. Or, à elle seule, la droi-te ne dispose pas de cette majorité des trois cinquièmes. Les socialistes ont répété mardi qu ils ne voteraient pas ce texte. "Quelqu un pense-t-il vraiment que si l on vote la règle d or, cela va mettre fin à la crise financière ?" dé-
nonce mardi le porte-parole des députés socialistes, Alain Vidalies. "On se moque un petit peu du monde, franchement. Quand on fait passer le défi-cit budgétaire de 40 à 140 milliards (...) quand on a doublé la dette de la France de 900 milliards à 1 800 mil-liards en dix ans, on ne va pas expliquer qu on va impo-ser à ses successeurs des règles", a également fustigé Martine Aubry, sur RTL. François Hollande, sur la même ligne, juge que le chef de l Etat "invente une règle d or pour les finances publi-ques, alors que son gouver-nement a plombé les défi-cits", et qu il est donc "mal placé pour revêtir la tenue de capitaine des pompiers". Mais la majorité entend bien faire de ce refus du PS un exemple de son "irresponsa-bilité" en matière fiscale. "Si les socialistes devaient voter contre, on verrait un camp majoritaire uni sur les finan-ces publiques", juge ainsi un membre de la majorité, inter-rogé par Reuters.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • FORBES.COM (US) • NEWS • 12/7/2011 • 18:54:33
Banks Should Love the Fed's Durbin Amendment Ruling Tim Chen In late June, the Federal Re-serve issued its final regula-tions on debit interchange fees, handing both large banks and smaller credit uni-ons a victory. Although the financial industry fought the Durbin amendment from its inception, their lobbying ef-forts during the Fed’s open comment period paid off when the rules swung decisi-vely in their favor. Interchange fees will be cap-ped at 21 cents plus 0.05% of the transaction’s value. Issuers can charge an additi-onal 1 cent if they comply with certain fraud protection policies and procedures. Issuers must allow each debit transaction to be processed on at least two unaffiliated networks (for example, Visa and MasterCard). The final ruling reflects subs-tantial changes from those proposed earlier this year. When the Fed opened the issue for comment, it sugges-ted a strict 12-cent cap and an implementation date of July 21st. It offered two al-ternatives for the “network exclusivity” provisions: Al-ternative A, the selected op-tion, would require each de-bit card to be able to be pro-cessed on at least two inde-pendent networks. Alternati-ve B would require two in-dependent networks for each verification method, PIN and signature, for a total of four networks to each card. Banks
and credit unions preferred the first alternative: less competition means higher prices. All in all, the final ruling and the Fed’s accom-panying explanations were decidedly favorable to finan-cial institutions. Interchange fee cap rises by 75% The first, and most decisive, victory came with a signifi-cantly higher swipe fee cap. Banks warned that a 12-cent ceiling, down more than 70% from the average 44 cents, would force them to levy more fees on checking ac-counts and eliminate popular debit rewards programs. They argued that 12 cents would not cover the cost of fraud protection. The Federal Reserve justified the increase to a 21-cent cap by saying that the new cap accounted for network processing fees, fraud prevention and protec-tion losses, and fixed proces-sing costs. It also justified the added charge of 0.05% of the tran-saction by saying that the amount corresponds to the average cost of fraud protec-tion. The ad valorem charge, it says, would incentivize card networks to better their fraud protection technology. At the moment, issuers and networks have no reason to do so. They argue that high interchange fees are neces-sary to recoup high fraud costs: a rewards credit card, say, deserves a higher swipe
fee than a debit card with a lesser value. If cards become safer, they lose their justifi-cation. The Fed initially put the cost of fraud protection at 12 cents. The reassessed cost, especially the ad valorem charge that accounts for vari-able costs, is testament to banks’ lobbying efforts. Two networks: a particular victory for credit unions Credit unions and small community banks were espe-cially concerned about the network processing provisi-on. Written into the original legislation was an exemption for banks with assets under $10 billion from debit swipe fee cap. Those small banks, though, feared that a two-tier pricing system would not survive market forces. Limi-ting the number of proces-sing networks per debit card, however, increases the likeli-hood that banks would truly be exempt from the cap. The Fed originally proposed two options for network proces-sing: Each debit card can be pro-cessed on two unaffiliated networks (for example, Visa and MasterCard). Each debit card must have two networks per method of verification, which at the moment is limited to PIN and signature. This would add up to four networks altogether. Visa has already committed to honoring the two-tier pri-cing system, so if the second network complies as well,
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small banks and credit unions will not see a reduction in interchange fees. The Federal Reserve argued that the second option – the one favored by retailers – was technologically difficult and might discourage new, better verification systems. While it refused to require networks to honor the small bank exemption, it argued that the limited competition would accomplish the same objective. Prepaid debit escapes regula-tion The final victory for banks and credit unions is the e-xemption of prepaid debit cards from the interchange fee cap. The federal govern-ment pays out some of its benefits in the form of pre-paid debit, and feared that card issuers would drop the suddenly less profitable cards if the cap applied. This e-xemption means that prepaid debit cards will earn just as much in interchange revenue as regular debit does now. Issuers and networks, then, have an incentive to promote prepaid debit cards. The push has already started: it American Express released a new prepaid debit card with markedly fewer fees than the typical card. However, to reload the card, users must have a checking account or AmEx credit card (meaning they have no need for a pre-paid card) or pay $4.95 to Green Dot in order to reload with cash. This simple fee knocks the AmEx prepaid down from one of the chea-
pest prepaid cards to one of the most expensive, though a spokeswoman said that the company hopes to allow di-rect deposit later this year. Despite the failure of a bill that would delay the Durbin amendment’s implementati-on, banks and credit unions can declare victory in the drastically eased restrictions. Retailers will see savings, but not as much as they ex-pected. The Federal Reserve believes that merchants in competitive markets will be forced to lower prices and will pass the savings onto customers, while those in less competitive markets would hold onto more of their revenue. The Fed is “uncertain” whether the sa-vings from retailers would be enough to offset higher fees levied by banks, and whether consumers will actually be-nefit. Ruling draws ire from both sides Neither banks and their allies nor the Durbin amend-ment’s supporters were plea-sed with the Fed’s ruling. Matthew Shay, president and CEO of the National Retail Federation, said in a state-ment, “American consumers suffered a major loss today. We are extremely disappoin-ted that the Federal Reserve chose to be influenced by special interests and ignored the will of Congress and American consumers.” The NRF and other merchant coalitions had lobbied to ke-ep the proposed regulations intact.
Eased restrictions notwiths-tanding, community banks and credit unions were far from reassured. “This harsh, below-cost price cap will be incredibly detrimental to community banks and their customers over time,” said the Independent Community Bankers of America, which had argued that interchange fees were necessary to fund both fraud prevention and well-liked debit rewards pro-grams. Senator Dick Durbin (D-Illinois), the original sponsor and namesake of the Durbin amendment, cautiously prai-sed the fee cap but vowed to continue the fight. In a sta-tement published just after the Fed’s announcement, Durbin wrote: The rules announced by the Federal Reserve today will finally make swipe fee re-form a reality and…will give small businesses some relief from the unreasonably high fees that the Visa and Mas-terCard duopoly fix on behalf of the nation’s biggest banks. I am disappointed, however, to see that the Federal Reser-ve has yielded to the big banks in certain parts of its final rulemaking. The infla-ted cap and extended delay that the Fed announced today will unnecessarily take mo-ney out of the pockets of consumers and small busi-nesses, [but] I will do every-thing in my power to ensure that Main Street comes out ahead of Wall Street.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL PAIS (ES) • OPINIÓN • 12/7/2011
Desamortización al revés La separación entre Iglesia y Estado que consagra la Constitución de 1978, y que se creía un mandato de obli-gado cumplimiento en cual-quier desarrollo legislativo, no cuenta para la legislación hipotecaria. El artículo 304 del reglamento de esa ley autoriza a los obispos a emi-tir unilateralmente certifica-ciones de dominio sobre los bienes que la Iglesia conside-re suyos; y esa facultad se amplió a partir de 1998 a edificios de culto, ermitas, catedrales y otros bienes que forman parte del patrimonio cultural de España.La noticia en otros webswebs en español en otros idiomas Esa legislación no solo atribuye a los "diocesanos respectivos" el carácter de funcionarios públicos como en los mejores
tiempos del antiguo régimen o del nacionalcatolicismo franquista, sino que da cober-tura legal a la Iglesia para proceder a una "desamortiza-ción" al revés de la llevada a cabo por Mendizábal en la primera mitad del siglo XIX. Desde hace algunos años, la Iglesia está inmersa en una frenética operación de recu-peración de un patrimonio que dice ser suyo sin prueba alguna que lo demuestre, para desesperación de alcal-des y vecinos de muchos pueblos que cuestionan esa propiedad, costeada en mu-chos casos con dinero públi-co. A falta de que los jueces to-men cartas en el asunto y frenen al menos los casos más escandalosos, la defensa frente a la acción unilateral
de la Iglesia queda en manos de Ayuntamientos con esca-sos recursos o de plataformas locales surgidas para hacer frente a lo que consideran un expolio patrimonial de su comunidad. En todo caso, mejor sería que algún Gobi-erno decidiera acabar con el anacrónico privilegio regis-tral otorgado a los obispos, en lugar de ampliarlo, como hizo el Gobierno de Aznar en 1998. La Iglesia alega que inscribe lo que es suyo, sin que ninguna instancia del Estado garantice que así es. ¿Acaso son también suyos viñedos, olivares, solares, pisos, almacenes, garajes, frontones y un largo catálogo de otros bienes inmobiliarios sin registrar?
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Matérias do dia 13/07/2011
TRT • FRANKSURTER ALLGEMEINE (BL) • POLITIK • 13/7/2011 • 17:45:08
Bilkay Öney: Alle Quoten erfüllt In Stuttgart darf Bilkay Öney Dutzende Stellen im neuen Integrationsministerium beset-zen. Kritik kommt nicht nur vom Rechnungshof. Auch Genossen haben aus Berlin nicht nur Gutes über die von den Grünen zur SPD gewechselte Ministerin gehört. Von Rüdiger Soldt
Wenn es um Integration geht, muss man der neuen baden-württembergischen Integrati-onsministerin Bilkay Öney nicht mit Kuschelpädagogik kommen. „Ich gehe schon mal in ein türkisches Männerkaffeehaus und forde-re die Männer auf, ihre Frau-en gut zu behandeln. Ich ha-be auch schon Berliner Ju-gendlichen scharf widerspro-chen und an die Verhältnisse in der Türkei erinnert, wenn sie deutsche Polizisten als Nazis verunglimpft haben“, sagt die 40 Jahre alte im os-tanatolischen Malatya und in Berlin-Spandau aufgewach-sene Politikerin.
Ihre Eltern sind linke Kema-listen und Aleviten, die vor vierzig Jahren nach Deutsc-hland kamen und türkische Einwandererkinder in den Regelklassen unterrichteten, die nach dem Anwerbestopp an den deutschen Schulen geschaffen worden waren. Viele türkische Einwanderer hatten ihre Kinder damals nach Deutschland geholt, weil sie ihre Familien daue-rhaft zusammenführen woll-ten.
Politisch sozialisiert wurde Frau Öney bei den „Pfadfin-dern“, Dort, so sagt sie, habe
sie gelernt, soziale Verant-wortung zu übernehmen. „Antirassismus und Gerech-tigkeit“ seien wichtige The-men für sie als Jugendliche gewesen. Nach dem Abitur studierte sie an der Technis-chen Universität Berlin Be-triebswirtschaft. Erste beru-fliche Erfahrungen sammelte sie in einer großen Bank, doch die Arbeit in einer Fi-liale habe sie gelangweilt. Schließlich bewarb sie sich bei dem staatlichen türkis-chen Fernsehsender TRT als Assistentin der Geschäftsführung. Sie über-setzte Verträge und fand dann per Zufall Spaß an der journalistischen Arbeit. Seit 1994 war sie Mitglied der Grünen, im Jahr 2006 schaff-te sie den Einzug in das Ber-liner Abgeordnetenhaus.
„Sie ist pfiffig, gleichzeitig aber auch sehr sehr unvorsi-chtig“
Weil eine SPD-Abgeordnete zu den Grünen gewechselt war, stand für den Regieren-den Bürgermeister Klaus Wowereit (SPD) und seine rot-rote Koalition auf einmal die Mehrheit auf dem Spiel. Weil sie eine schwarz-grüne Koalition verhindern wollte, entschloss sich Bilkay Öney, von den Grünen zur SPD zu wechseln und Wowereit zu
retten. Die Grünen sollen gar nicht traurig gewesen sein über den Verlust. Warum, das sollten vor allem die SPD-Mitglieder im Kreisver-band Mitte und vor allem in der Abteilung Bellevue bald zu spüren bekommen. Doch weil in Berlin im Herbst gewählt wird, mag niemand aus dem Berliner Kreisver-band öffentlich über Bilkay Öney reden. Jedenfalls waren viele sehr überrascht, dass der baden-württembergische SPD-Landesvorsitzende Nils Schmid die türkischstämmige Politikerin nach Stuttgart holte und ihr den Aufbau eines neuen Ministeriums übertrug.
„Sie ist pfiffig, gleichzeitig aber auch sehr sehr unvorsi-chtig“, sagt ein Genosse aus der Berliner SPD. Einige halten sie auch nicht für mi-nistrabel. Im Berliner Ortsve-rein gab es um ihre Person jedenfalls ordentlich Zoff - die „Abteilung“ habe kurz vor der Spaltung gestanden. Das lag am Streit über ihre Kandidatur zur Abgeordne-tenhauswahl in diesem Herbst. „Sie spricht sozial-demokratisch nicht als Mut-tersprache, gegen sie trat ein Mann an, der aus Nordrhein-WeSTFalen stammt und die SPD von unten versteht“, berichtet ein SPD-Mitglied.
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Schließlich ließ sich der Konflikt nur durch einen für die SPD äußerst ungewöhnlichen Kompro-miss lösen: Bilkay Öney be-kam als Spitzenkandidatin von Berlin-Mitte einen Platz auf der Kreisliste, aber kei-nen Wahlkreis. „Sie ist in der Berliner SPD nie richtig an-gekommen, man kann Zwei-fel haben, ob sie in Stuttgart jemals richtig ankommt.“
Dass sie überhaupt auf der Kabinettsliste der SPD in Stuttgart landete, hat auch mit der Frauenquote zu tun. Angeblich soll es für das Ministerium einige Bewerbe-rinnen gegeben haben, aber Schmid entschied sich offen-bar auch auf Anraten seines früher in Berlin tätigen Spre-chers Daniel Abbou für die fernsehtaugliche Journalistin. Schmid machte sie zur ersten sozialdemokratischen Inte-grationsministerin und schuf das erste Landesministerium in Deutschland, das sich nur um Integrationsfragen küm-mern soll - und das in einem Land, das zwar den höchsten Einwandereranteil aller Flächenländer hat, das aber schon wegen der wirtschaf-tlichen Prosperität weniger Integrationsprobleme als die meisten anderen Länder hat. Frau Öney sagt selbst, die Migranten in Baden-Württemberg seien in einer sehr komfortablen Situation.
In den Koalitionsverhan-dlungen handelte Schmid, der mit einer Deutschtürkin
verheiratet ist, das zusätzliche Ministerium he-raus, nachdem die Grünen wegen „Stuttgart 21“ auf ein eigenständiges Verkehrsres-sort nicht verzichten wollten. 45,5 Stellen darf Frau Öney jetzt besetzen, obwohl es im Justizministerium schon eine Stabsstelle für Integration gab.
Der Rechnungshof rügte am Montag die Personalpolitik der grün-roten Koalition. Schmid hält seine Entschei-dung, ein neues Ministerium zu schaffen, dennoch nach wie vor für richtig: „Integra-tion ist eine zentrale gesells-chaftliche Herausforderung. Wir haben es geschafft, ein Thema so zu positionieren, wie es angemessen ist in ei-nem Flächenland mit der größten Einwandererquote. Außerdem haben wir verein-bart, dass es keine dauerhafte Aufstockung des Personals in den Ministerien gibt“, sagte Schmid am Dienstag.
Im SPD-Landesverband gibt es aber seit der Vorstellung des Kabinetts Anfang Mai ein Unbehagen über Schmids Personalauswahl. Kritisiert wird die Berufung eines ver-waltungsunerfahrenen „SPD-Netzwerkers“ aus Berlin zum Ministerialdirektor in Sch-mids Ministerium. Sorgen macht vielen Genossen auch die Integrationsministerin. Sie will ihre ersten politis-chen Vorschläge zwar erst in einigen Wochen machen, aber die Diskussionen aus
Berlin-Mitte sind natürlich auch vielen SPD-Funktionären im Südwesten zu Ohren gekommen.
Das Erfrischende an Bilkay Öney ist ihre Direktheit und ihr Mut, sich die Floskels-prache erfahrener Berufspoli-tiker nicht zu eigen zu ma-chen. Sie spricht die Proble-me in aller Deutlichkeit an - auch wenn sie über Einwan-derung spricht. „Das Tarzan-Deutsch vieler Migranten nimmt niemand ernst“. Sie sagt auch ganz unverblümt, was sie von Thilo Sarrazins Buch „Deutschland schafft sich ab“ hält. Bei einem mus-limischen Bevölkerungsanteil von fünf Prozent sei eine Diskussion über eine Islamisierung Deutschlands, wie sie Sarra-zin angestoßen habe, einfach „Quatsch“. Gleichwohl gebe es Integrationsprobleme. „Durch Sarrazin ist etwas Brodelndes an die Oberfläche gekommen, jetzt muss man mit diesen Thesen umgehen“, sagt sie. Die Mi-nisterin lehnt es ab, die Bes-chützerin der "armen kleinen Migranten" zu sein.
Nils Schmid, der auch stell-vertretender Ministerpräsident ist, spricht fließend türkisch. Falls es in den nächsten Monaten mal zu Krisengesprächen kom-men könnte, kann Schmid zumindest sehr deutlich wer-den, ohne das es alle anderen im Raum befindlichen Ge-nossen verstehen.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • FRANKSURTER ALLGEMEINE (BL) • POLITIK • 13/7/2011 • 10:17:39
Informationsfreiheit und Transparenz: Durchleuchtete Politiker Angela Merkel kann weiter-texten. Sie musste ihre ge-sammelten elektronischen Nachrichten bislang noch nicht öffentlich machen wie die ehemalige amerikanische Vizepräsidentschaftskandidatin Sarah Palin. Bisher wurde vor Gericht nur darüber ges-tritten, wie viele Einzelheiten die Bundeskanzlerin über ein Essen zu Ehren des Chefs der Deutschen Bank, Acker-mann, herausgeben muss. Aber das könnte erst der An-fang sein. Im Zuge der in Deutschland recht neuen Informations-freiheitsgesetze wird man-ches ans Licht kommen, was bisher hierzulande als selbstverständlich geheim galt. Während die amerika-nische Öffentlichkeit auf-grund des „Freedom of In-formation Act“ von 1966 davon erfuhr, dass der texa-nische Gouverneur George W. Bush im Schnitt fünfzehn Minuten auf die Prüfung ei-nes Todesurteils verwandte, dass er von neun bis siebzehn Uhr im Büro war und mittags zwei Stunden joggte, blieb deutschen Journalisten ein Einblick etwa in den Ter-minkalender Klaus Wowe-reits verwehrt. Heute ist Transparenz das Gebot der Stunde. Sie ist angesichts der „wachsenden Informationsmacht des Staa-tes“ eine wichtige Vorausset-zung für die „effektive Wa-hrnehmung von Bürgerrech-
ten“, wie es der deutsche Gesetzgeber schon 2005 formulierte. Und in der Tat: Es ist nicht auf Anhieb ein-zusehen, warum etwa zum Panzergeschäft mit Saudi-Arabien so gar nichts offizi-ell zu erfahren sein soll. Doch Transparenz ist nicht immer der höchste Wert. Wenn alles öffentlich sein soll, wer wird sich dann noch für die Res publica, für die öffentliche Sache einsetzen? Wenn alles auf den Tisch gelegt werden muss, dann findet sich bald niemand me-hr, der an diesem Tisch Platz nehmen will. Spitzensportler müssen mittlerweile rund um die Uhr für unangemeldete Doping-Kontrollen zur Ver-fügung stehen, müssen sich an- und abmelden wie Freigänger oder einst die DDR-Besucher. Gewiss, für Sportler ein frei gewähltes Schicksal. Das gilt auch für Politiker. Aber die Bereitschaft zu die-sem Beruf ist für das Land nicht ganz unerheblich. Wer tut sich das noch an? Wer promoviert wurde, muss da-mit rechnen, dass seine Dok-torarbeit so gründlich durc-hleuchtet wird wie die keines Wissenschaftlers oder Publi-zisten. Dass auch Wissens-chaftler heiß auf Titel sind und mitunter ebenfalls dank ihrer Netzwerke mit inhaltli-ch eher dünnen Werken Kar-riere machen (wollen), geht leicht unter. Das öffentliche
Aufsehen ist weit größer, wenn - bisher haben sich fast noch in jedem Plagiatsfall die Beschuldigungen als zutref-fend herausgestellt - promi-nente Politiker oder ihnen Nahestehende an den Pranger gestellt werden können. Weil sie ohnehin korrupt sind, wie ein beliebtes Vorur-teil lautet? Sie seien so leicht zu schmieren, so wird bis-weilen unterstellt, wie die Abgeordneten in Syrien oder Sudan, wie in den Ländern also, die ebenso wenig wie Deutschland die UN-Konvention gegen Korrupti-on ratifiziert haben. Tatsächlich stellt das gelten-de Recht nur den Stimmen-kauf unter Strafe und erfasst nicht ohne weiteres wirts-chaftliche Verflechtungen. Diese strafrechtlich zu fassen ist nicht einfach - und eine fehlende Regelung noch kein Beleg für eine leichte Beste-chlichkeit deutscher Politi-ker. Die müssen sich auch ohne UN-Konvention aus vielen Richtungen durchleu-chten lassen. Transparenz ist eine der bes-ten Maßnahmen zur Korruptionsbekämpfung. Die Durchleuchtung müssen sich dann aber auch Lobbyisten gefallen lassen. Macht brau-cht Kontrolle, gewiss. Aber Wiefelspütz und Westerwelle sind nicht mächtiger als die Herren über Deutsche Bank und Daimler; von Informationssupermächten
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wie Google zu schweigen. Und das allgemeine Korrup-tionsstrafrecht erfasst schon jede (auch immaterielle) Leistung, die einen Amtsträger objektiv bessers-tellt und auf die er keinen Anspruch hat. Dazu zählt natürlich auch die schwer greifbare „Klimapflege“. Muss also der Kommunalpo-litiker jeden geschenkten Kugelschreiber ablehnen? Das würde im Alltag nicht nur als lächerlich, sondern auch oft als brüskierend emp-funden. „Nur die Neugier eines bes-timmten Publikums“ Wie weit soll Transparenz also gehen? Soll aus dem
gläsernen Politiker auch der gläserne Mensch werden? Auch das Private liegt heute nahezu vollkommenen offen - jedenfalls, wenn man Poli-tiker ist. Selbst der Europäische Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte, der die Pressefreiheit für Prinzessin-nen gern einschränkt, wenn eine Veröffentlichung „nur die Neugier eines bestimm-ten Publikums“ über das Pri-vatleben befriedigen will, nimmt Politiker davon weit-gehend aus. Gewiss: Mitleid ist fehl am Platze. Politiker streben ans Licht und müssen das aushal-ten. Hans Magnus Enzens-berger schrieb in der Frank-
furter Allgemeinen Zeitung vor bald zwanzig Jahren, dass die Spitzenpolitiker „wie alle Randgruppen, wie Alkoholiker, Spieler und Skinheads“ jenes „analytis-che Erbarmen“ verdienten, das nötig sei, „um ihr Elend zu begreifen“. Mehr Transpa-renz bedeutet wohl mehr Kontrolle, vielleicht aber auch noch mehr Geheimhal-tung, und zwar von der Art, die keiner merken soll. Ge-wiss aber auch, wie die Ter-minkalender von Sarah Palin bis Klaus Wowereit zeigen dürften, weitere Einblicke in das Elend.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • FRANKSURTER ALLGEMEINE (BL) • POLITIK • 13/7/2011 • 15:06:00
Afrika-Reise der Kanzlerin: Merkel für Rüstungsexport an Angola
Bundeskanzlerin Merkel hat Angola eine weitreichende Zusammenarbeit angeboten, die sich auch auf den Bereich Rüstung erstrecken soll. Vor einem Treffen mit dem seit 1979 regierenden Präsidenten dos Santos sagte Frau Merkel auf einer Veranstaltung vor deutschen und angolanischen Unternehmern, sie wolle eine „strategische Zusammenar-beit“ mit Angola entwickeln und die bestehende „Energi-epartnerschaft“ zu „neuem Leben“ erwecken. Sie wür-digte, 2008 habe es „freie Wahlen“ gegeben und seither eine „neue Verfassung“. Deutschland werde ein „fai-rer“ Partner sein. Frau Mer-
kel sagte: „Wir würden Ihnen auch gerne bei Ihren Vertei-digungsanstrengungen hel-fen, zum Beispiel bei der Ertüchtigung der Marine.“ Nach dem Gespräch mit Frau Merkel sagte dos Santos, mit dem Ende des Bürgerkrieges habe Angola begonnen, seine Armee zu modernisieren. Dazu benötige es eine „neue Ausstattung“. Die angolanis-che Militärführung habe ein deutsches Angebot für die Kriegsmarine erhalten, wel-ches nun geprüft werde. Aber auch für das Heer und die Luftwaffe benötige Angola neue Ausrüstung. Frau Mer-kel erläuterte, bei dem Ange-bot gehe es um Patrouillen-
boote zur Grenzsicherung. Sie unterstütze es, denn An-gola setze sich für die Stabilität und Sicherheit in der Region ein. Das Land trage dazu bei, regionale Konflikte zu bereinigen. A-frika solle in die Lage ver-setzt werden, seine Konflikte selbst befrieden zu können. In Rede steht der Verkauf von sechs bis acht Booten, die bis zu 41 Meter lang sind. Die Kosten pro Boot liegen dem Vernehmen nach zwis-chen zehn und 25 Millionen Euro. Der geschäftsführende Gesellschafter der Werft Fri-edrich Lürßen gehörte der Wirtschaftsdelegation Frau Merkels an.
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Dos Santos sprach von einem „goldenen Tag“ in den deuts-ch-angolanischen Beziehun-gen. Erstmals sei ein deuts-cher Bundeskanzler in Ango-la gewesen. Eine „umfassen-de politische Partnerschaft“ sei in Aussicht genommen worden. Eine bilaterale Kommission solle künftig politische, wirtschaftliche,
kulturelle und soziale Fragen behandeln. Dos Santos ver-wies darauf, 2012 werde es in Angola allgemeine Wa-hlen geben. Die Lage im Lande sei stabil und das wirtschaftliche Wachstum nehme wieder zu. Ein neues Investitionsgesetz baue büro-kratische Hemmnisse ab. Angola setze sich für Frieden
und Stabilität ebenso ein wie für Demokratie und Ver-sammlungsfreiheit. Auch Frau Merkel sagte, es sei ein „neues Kapitel“ in den Bezi-ehungen zwischen beiden Ländern aufgeschlagen wor-den. Die neue Verfassung Angolas müsse jetzt aber auch „mit Leben“ erfüllt werden.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • FRANKSURTER ALLGEMEINE (BL) • POLITIK • 13/7/2011 • 20:34:38
Libyen: Ein Kampf an vielen Fronten Der Juwelier Abd al Fattah legt die Goldkette in seine linke Hand und mustert sie. Zweiunddreißig Goldkugeln, jede gleich groß, sind anei-nandergereiht. Die Frau im dunklen Umhang, die ihre Haare unter einem blassgrü-nen Kopftuch verbirgt, trennt sich nach vielen Jahrzehnten von ihrem Familienschmuck. Zur Lupe greift Abd al Fattah diesmal nicht. Der Fall ist klar. Umgerechnet 2000 Dol-lar bietet der Juwelier. Früher bestritt eine Familie in Ben-ghasi von dieser Summe den Lebensunterhalt für einen Monat, heute muss so viel Geld die Ausgaben von drei Monaten decken. Die Wand hinter dem Verkaufstisch hängt voller Schmuck, den er in den vergangenen Wochen und Monaten gekauft hat. Nur noch selten verkauft der Juwelier etwas. Das Geld geht ihm dennoch nicht aus. Die Händler gehören zu den wenigen in Benghasi, die den monatelangen Stillstand der
Wirtschaft gut verkraften. Gold gilt dieser Tage als eine sichere Reserve für schlechte Zeiten. Für ein Gramm neuen Goldschmuck, den Abd al Fattah verkauft, verlangt er 80 Dollar. Für ein Gramm getragenes Gold, das er an-nimmt, zahlt er 63 Dollar. Die Not in Benghasi wächst, und die Menschen nehmen den Abschlag hin. Denn ohne Arbeit und Einkommen geht ihnen fünf Monate nach dem Beginn der Revolution das Bargeld aus. Ein junger Mann, der das Familiengold fest in seiner Hand hält, löst im Geschäft nur kurz seinen Griff, damit Abd al Fattah einen Blick darauf werfen kann. Eine Frau tritt ein, das Gold in der Handtasche. S-chon in der Tür fragt sie wie viele nach dem Preis. Die meisten ziehen rasch ins nächste Geschäft weiter – vielleicht bekommen sie dort einen Vierteldinar mehr. Doch niemand klagt. Denn Benghasi ist frei, und die
Befreiung von der Diktatur hat eben ihren Preis. Die Fü-hrung der Revolutionäre steht vor gewaltigen Aufga-ben. Sie muss sich zugleich der alltäglichen Sorgen der Menschen annehmen, im Machtkampf gegen das Re-gime in Tripolis bestehen und Institutionen für ein künftiges Staatswesen schaf-fen. Der Nationale Über-gangsrat will in den kom-menden Tagen die errungene Freiheit in einer Verfassungserklärung festsc-hreiben, die den Rahmen für die Verfassung vorgeben soll. Von einem demokratis-chen Staat und einer Zivilge-sellschaft soll die Rede sein, von Rechtssicherheit und Menschenrechten. Das sind hehre Ziele für ein Land, das seit Gaddafis Puts-ch 1969 ohne Freiheit und Verfassung auskommen musste. „Auch wenn nicht alles verwirklicht werden kann, so ist das keine Ents-chuldigung, es nicht doch zu
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versuchen“, sagt der in Paris ausgebildete Politikprofessor Saleh Sanoussi. Er arbeitet in einer Gruppe von Wissens-chaftlern und Intellektuellen, die den Nationalen Über-gangsrat beraten. Sie haben vier Entwürfe für die Verfassungserklärung vorge-legt, die nun öffentlich disku-tiert werden sollen. So ist etwa offen, ob das neue Lib-yen „Republik Libyen“, „Staat Libyen“ oder „Libys-ch-arabische Republik“ heißen soll, ob Libyen später eine parlamentarische De-mokratie sein oder ein Präsidialsystem bekommen soll. Der „Fahrplan für das libys-che Volk“, der detailliert die Schritte zur Schaffung neuer Institutionen nach dem Sturz Gaddafis festlegt, ist indes schon fertiggestellt worden. Sobald der Diktator von der Macht vertrieben sei, werde eine neue Regierung für ganz Libyen ausgerufen, sagt Ds-chuma Ifhima, ein Vertrauter von Mustafa Abd al Dschalil, dem Vorsitzenden des Natio-nalen Übergangsrats. Zwei Wochen danach sollen die 149 Mitglieder der „Libys-chen Konferenz“ gewählt werden – das 150. Mitglied soll als Vorsitzender Abd al Dschalil sein. Die anderen Mitglieder des Übergangsra-tes sollen der Konferenz ni-cht mehr angehören. „Das wird die erste Wahl in Lib-yen“, sagt Ifhima stolz. Auf vorhandene Strukturen kann man nicht zurückgrei-fen. Wahllisten hat es in Lib-yen nie gegeben, und so wer-den die Libyer das Familien-buch mitbringen müssen, um
sich als Wahlberechtigte aus-zuweisen. Die Hälfte der Mitglieder der „Libyschen Konferenz“ und 15 weitere Fachleute sollen einen Ver-fassungsausschuss bilden; über dessen Verfassungsent-wurf soll das libysche Volk in einem Referendum ents-cheiden. Die „Libysche Kon-ferenz“ soll die Kompeten-zen der Übergangsregierung definieren. Wenn die Verfas-sung angenommen ist, soll ein neues Parlament an die Stelle der Konferenz treten. Dieses soll zunächst einen Sprecher wählen, der als Sta-atsoberhaupt amtieren soll, bis das Volk einen Präsidenten wählt. Dann soll das Parlament einen Ministerpräsidenten nominie-ren, der ein Kabinett beruft, womit schließlich die Über-gangsregierung zurücktritt. Demokratie erlernen Aber noch ist es lange nicht so weit. Noch treffen sich die 45 Mitglieder des Über-gangsrates im Konferenzsaal des Fadheel-Hotels in Ben-ghasi und beraten darüber, wie sie die Revolution bis zur völligen Befreiung des gesamten Landes führen. Ein Exekutivkomitee führt die Regierungsgeschäfte. Noch sitzen jene Männer im Natio-nalen Übergangsrat, die aus den Stadträten entsandt wor-den waren, die in den ersten Tagen der Revolution in den vom Regime befreiten Städten gebildet wurden. Nicht alle von ihnen gelten als qualifiziert, ihre Loyalität zur Revolution steht aber außer Frage. Die Zahl der Mitglieder nimmt mit der Befreiung weiterer Teile
Libyens immer weiter zu. Ifhimas Ausführungen über die Schaffung eines demo-kratischen Libyens werden von einem traditionell ge-kleideten Mann unterbro-chen. Adil stellt sich vor, er hat eine lange Reise hinter sich. Die vor wenigen Tagen befreite Stadt Raibat in den Nafusa-Bergen hat ihn nach Benghasi entsandt. Free Libya: Französische Revolution als Vorbild? Es sind die Stadträte, die den Alltag im revolutionären Libyen regeln. In Benghasi hat der Stadtratsvorsitzende Saleh Ghazzal sein Büro in einem Flachdachbau bezo-gen, der zugleich noch im-mer ein „Kinderzentrum“ ist. Der Weg zu ihm führt durch einen Park mit Spielplätzen, mit roten Bänken und etwas Grün. In seinem kargen Büro empfängt Ghazzal Familien, kümmert sich um Bittsteller, berät sich mit den anderen Mitgliedern des Stadtrates. Er hat schon 220 Nichtregie-rungsorganisationen geneh-migt. Mit ihrer Hilfe soll die Jugend die Demokratie erler-nen. Noch werden der Über-gangsrat und die Stadträte von der alten Generation dominiert, die für die junge Revolution den Staat aufbau-en soll. Ghazzal war bis zum Beginn des Aufstands gegen Gaddafi ein kleiner Bauunternehmer – vor allem saß er immer wieder als politischer Gefan-gener ein. Viele aus der alten Generation, die heute revolutionäre Ämter beklei-den, kennen die Kerker Gad-dafis. Nur bis zum Sturz des Despoten will Ghazzal ehre-
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namtlich den 15 Mitgliedern des Stadtrats vorstehen, die aus den Wirren der Revoluti-on kraft ihrer Autorität, aber ohne Wahl hervorgegangen sind. Danach werde es ja Parteien geben und keinen Platz mehr für ihn, sagt der vielbeschäftigte Mann. Stolz berichtet er, dass die städtischen Dienstleistungen heute besser funktionierten als unter Gaddafi. Obwohl doch in den ersten Tagen alles zusammengebrochen sei. Jeden Tag muss er ohne Budget neu improvisieren. Seine Ausgaben deckt er mit einem nicht endenden Fluss von Spenden. Ein wenig steuert auch die Zollverwal-tung im Hafen bei, die der Stadtrat aufgebaut hat. An der Basis, in den 50 Stadtteilen von Benghasi, baut Mustafa al Giryani neue Strukturen auf. Zu Beginn der Revolution war der Un-ternehmer, der es im Immobiliengeschäft zu Wo-hlstand gebracht hat, nach einem jahrzehntelangen Exil aus dem amerikanischen Bundesstaat Michigan in seine Heimat zurückgekehrt. Seither dient er dem Über-gangsrat. In jedem Viertel hat er Kontakt zu den lokalen Führern aufgenommen, die sich in der Revolution durch-gesetzt hatten. Erst hatte er sie gebeten, Verantwortung für die Sicherheit und das Erziehungswesen zu über-nehmen, heute spricht er mit ihnen über Umweltschutz und die Organisation der Abfallbeseitigung. Seine Gesprächspartner führten jeweils Bestandsaufnahmen zur Sicherheit durch, zum
Zustand der Polizeistation und zur Bedeutung privater Sicherheitsverbände in ihren Vierteln. Dann kamen die 50 zusammen, berichteten dem Stadtrat und schilderten ihren Bedarf. Als Nächstes veran-lasste Giryani, in jedem Vier-tel die beruflichen Qualifika-tionen der Einwohner zu er-mitteln. Jeder Libyer müsse Arbeit finden, sagt Giryani, der Gaddafi scharf dafür kri-tisiert, trotz der großen Ar-beitslosigkeit sehr viele Gas-tarbeiter ins Land geholt zu haben. „Der Prozess hat von unten einzusetzen, nicht von oben“, sagt Giryani überzeugt. Der Unternehmer freut sich, denn seine Mannschaft ist erfol-greicher, als er erwartet hatte. „Wir haben Glück, dass wir in einer revolutionären Phase leben, in der die Menschen einen Wandel wollen.“ Die Leute hätten verstanden, dass das alte Regime nicht funkti-oniert habe. Nun wollten sie ihre Abhängigkeit vom Staat reduzieren. Der Plan steht: Sobald der Diktator von der Macht ver-trieben sei, werde eine neue Regierung für ganz Libyen ausgerufen Doch nicht überall verläuft der Erneuerungsprozess rei-bungslos – und nicht alle scheinen die Mühen der Re-volution bereitwillig auf sich zu nehmen. So gibt es etwa Konflikte zwischen den Ü-bergangsrat und seinem Exe-kutivkomitee, denn einige Mitglieder der Regierung ziehen ein Leben im Ausland einer Rückkehr in das bes-chwerliche Leben von Ben-ghasi vor. Gesundheitsminis-
ter Nadschib Barakat hält sich am liebsten in London auf, der Ministerpräsident und Außenminister Mahmud Dschibril soll seit dem Be-ginn der Revolution nur eini-ge wenige Tage nach Ben-ghasi gekommen sein. Meist hält er sich in Qatar auf, wo es sich gut leben lässt. Bei Mitgliedern im Übergangsrat wächst der Unmut über den Intellektuellen Dschibril, der ihnen als Sand im Getriebe gilt, der aber das Vertrauen des Ratsvorsitzenden Abd al Dschalil genießt. Unter Gad-dafi sollte der in den Verei-nigten Staaten ausgebildete Politikwissenschaftler zuletzt die Liberalisierung der Wirtschaft vorantreiben, er hatte aber schon vor Jahren die Hoffnung auf eine Öffnung des Landes aufge-geben. Einige Gesprächspartner in Benghasi ziehen vielsagend die Augenbrauen hoch, so-bald der Name Dschibril fällt. Ihnen missfiel sein – inzwischen verworfener – Vorschlag, Gaddafis Regime solle zehn Mitglieder in den Übergangsrat entsenden. Oder seine – ebenso aussi-chtslose – Initiative, nach der die Mitglieder des Über-gangsrates ohne eine Bestätigung durch eine Wahl automatisch in das neue Par-lament aufrücken sollten. Außerdem herrscht Unmut darüber, dass Dschibril als Chef der Exekutive viele aus der alten Diplomatengarde Gaddafis übernommen hat. Das Misstrauen geht so weit, dass seine Kritiker Dschibril vorwerfen, er sei nur deshalb dagegen, dass der Über-
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gangsrat den Anspruch e-rhebt, für alle Libyer zu spre-chen, damit sich ein Teil der Nomenklatura Gaddafis doch noch in das neue Libyen ret-ten könne. Auch über dieses Thema wird innerhalb der Führung in Benghasi gestrit-ten, denn weil der Über-gangsrat derzeit nur für das „befreite Libyen“ sprechen will, stehen die Abkommen, die er schließt, nicht auf soli-dem völkerrechtlichen Grund, und die Freigabe der eingefrorenen libyschen Aus-landsguthaben ist so in weiter Ferne. Dschibril gilt jedenfal-ls als der wichtigste Vertreter jener, die eine politische Lösung des libyschen Ma-chtkampfes anstreben. Und das passt nicht allen. Doch es gibt auch einflussre-iche Stimmen in Benghasi, die sich für eine Verhandlungslösung auss-prechen. So sagt etwa Poli-tikprofessor Saleh Sanoussi, man müsse Libyern wie dem ehemaligen UN-Botschafter Abdurrahman Shalgham, die das Regime von innen ken-nen, sich von ihm aber losge-sagt haben, die Chance ge-ben, eine politische Lösung zu erreichen, bei der Gaddafi neutralisiert werde. Das wäre einer militärischen Lösung eindeutig vorzuziehen. Dreimal haben die Befürwor-ter eines Dialogs mit dem Regime schon versucht, in Rom eine Konferenz abzu-halten, an der auch Gesandte von Gaddafis Sohn Saif al Islam teilnehmen sollten. Nie kam sie zustande. Denn es ist umstritten, wie die Revolutionäre, für die sich im Ausland die Bezeichnung
„Rebellen“ eingebürgert hat, mit denen umgehen sollen, die durch ihre Vergangenheit im Regime Gaddafis belastet sind. Einige wenige von ih-nen sind über diesen Verda-cht erhaben – allen voran Übergangsratschef Abd al Dschalil, der ehemalige Jus-tizminister Gaddafis, der in seiner Amtszeit das Regime sogar öffentlich kritisiert hatte und heute als Übervater der Revolution gilt. Für direkte oder indirekte Kontakte der Revolutionäre mit Gaddafis Regime gibt es nach wie vor keinen konkre-ten Beweis. Die große Meh-rheit im Nationalen Über-gangsrat lehnt sie ab und bezeichnet Meldungen über solche Kontakte als Versu-chsballons des Regimes. Jede Initiative, die nicht den Sturz Gaddafis und seine strafrech-tliche Verfolgung beinhaltet, gilt der revolutionären Fü-hrung in Benghasi als un-denkbar. Anders als im Irak solle es nach dem Sturz des Machthabers aber den Anhängern Gaddafis erlaubt werden, eine Partei zu grün-den, sagt Abd al Dschalils Vertrauter Ifhima. „Denn wir können keinen Libyer ausschließen, und eine Gad-dafi-Partei würde ja ohnehin kaum Stimmen bekommen.“ Meldungen über Mens-chenrechtsverletzungen verderben den Auftritt in Brüssel Eine Delegation der libys-chen Aufständischen war am Mittwoch in Brüssel, und das war eigentlich als ein weite-rer protokollarischer Höhepunkt in den Bemühun-gen des Übergangsrats um
internationale Anerkennung gedacht. Die Gruppe unter Leitung Mahmud Dschibrils, des inoffiziellen Ministerpräsidenten des Rats, wurde von den Nato-Botschaftern empfangen, von EU-Kommissionspräsident Barroso und von den Außenministern der drei Be-nelux-Staaten. Selbst bei der Nato, die mit Umarmungen für ihre (ungewollten) Waf-fenbrüder in der Vergange-nheit stets vorsichtig war, bekam Dschibril zu hören, dass man den Rat inzwischen als einzige legitime Vertre-tung des libyschen Volkes ansehe. Der schöne Auftritt wurde den Aufständischen aber just durch Meldungen aus ihrer eigenen Hochburg verdor-ben. In Benghasi erhob die Menschenrechtsorganisation „Human Rights Watch“ den Vorwurf, dass die Aufständischen mit den Menschenrechten nicht bes-ser umgingen als Gaddafi. Von Plünderungen, Brands-tiftungen und Gewalt gegen Zivilisten war die Rede. Die Organisation berichtete, sie selbst habe entsprechende Vorkommnisse im Juni und im Juli beim Vorrücken der Rebellen in den Bergen von Nafusa beobachtet, die südli-ch von Tripolis liegen. Ds-chibril wollte nur von „eini-gen Vorfällen“ in den ersten Wochen des Aufstands wis-sen. In den befreiten Gebie-ten gebe es nun aber keine Menschenrechtsverletzungen mehr. Die Nato äußerte sich dazu nicht öffentlich. Generalsekretär Rasmussen
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erinnerte die Aufständischen per Pressemitteilung nur da-ran, dass sie eine große Ve-rantwortung für den Über-gang zur Demokratie trügen. Diplomaten berichteten, dass Dschibril sich in der Sitzung für den Einsatz der Nato be-dankt habe, denn damit seien Tausende Menschenleben gerettet worden. Er habe ei-nen Plan für die Zeit nach Gaddafi angekündigt und sehr dringend um Geld gebe-ten, nicht aber um Waffen. Bei Barroso ging es dann später um die Frage, wie die EU dem Land helfen kann. Sie leistet derzeit mit 140 Millionen Euro das größte humanitäre Engagement, dreimal mehr als die Verei-
nigten Staaten. Für die Zeit nach Gaddafi planen die Kommissionsbeamten die etwaige Entsendung von Wahlbeobachtern, von Be-amten für eine Justizreform oder von Fachleuten für den Aufbau freier Medien. In Benghasi leisten die Europäer schon heute Hilfe bei der Reform der Sicherheitskräfte. Dschibril bekam auch hier die Erwar-tung zu hören, dass in Libyen künftig die Menschenrechte beachtet werden. In der Nato ist man derweil nicht wirklich mit dem Ver-such vorangekommen, die militärische Verantwortung an die Vereinten Nationen abzugeben, sobald eine Waf-
fenruhe herrscht. Rasmussen hatte diesen Wunsch schon vor einiger Zeit öffentlich geäußert, um in New York Planungen für eine Friedens-truppe in Gang zu bringen. Dem Vernehmen nach haben die UN der Nato jetzt aber gesagt, dafür sei eine längere Vorbereitung nötig, im Zwei-felsfall müsse eine Übergangslösung gefunden werden. In Brüssel denken da viele an die Afrikanische Union oder die Arabische Liga. Sollte dort keine Be-reitschaft bestehen, dann müsste die Nato nach einem Abtritt Gaddafis womöglich doch erst einmal selbst mit Bodentruppen in das Land. (nbu.)
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • ULTIMA HORA.COM (PY) • POLÍTICA • 13/7/2011
Ejecutivo denuncia complicidad judicial para esquilmar al Estado El Poder Ejecutivo se mues-tra sumamente preocupado ante la gran cantidad de de-mandas hacia el Estado que debe soportar, teniendo el aval de resoluciones arbitra-rias por parte de la Corte Suprema de Justicia.El ase-sor jurídico de la presidencia, Emilio Camacho, dijo que la máxima instancia judicial ha cometido muchas veces irre-gularidades en torno a casos de denuncias contra el Estado paraguayo. Existen muchos casos al res-pecto, sin embargo, solo unos cuantos salen a la luz públi-ca. Varios funcionarios públicos aprovechan un despido injus-tificado para promover las
demandas exigiendo sumas siderales. El último incidente es el del embajador Víctor Hugo Peña Bareiro, quien actualmente ocupa el cargo de director de Planificación Política de la Cancillería, y en su demanda al Estado ya cobró más del millón y medio de dólares. Pero a este caso, se le añaden varios, que siguen su curso en los tribunales de Cuentas. Camacho dijo que el presi-dente de la República, Fer-nando Lugo, se mostró su-mamente "indignado" en relación a los casos. "Hablar de las demandas contra el Estado, reincorpo-ración de funcionarios y ho-norarios en contra del Estado
es un tema que tiene nuestra preocupación desde hace tiempo, lamentablemente es una constante, más allá del derecho legítimo que les cor-responde a personas que fue-ron despedidas injustamente, hay que empezar a hablar de otras cosas y lamentablemen-te muchos de estos casos cuentan con el aval de reso-luciones judiciales nulas", sostuvo. Mencionó que el Estado debe buscar una solución a la pro-blemática. Manifestó que la Procuraduría General de la República tendrá que ver los caminos procesales a seguir, de manera a que no se siga desangrando al Estado.
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Varios casos de requerimien-to al Estado se producen des-de hace años. Los sucesos más conocidos, por citar algunos, son los del exgeneral del Ejército Lino César Oviedo, quien recla-maba al Estado casi 100 mil millones de guaraníes por daños y prejuicios, luego de ser pasado a retiro por el en-tonces presidente Juan Carlos Wasmosy. El caso Gramont Berres tam-bién ganó notoriedad, ya que Paraguay está condenado a pagar 85 millones de dólares por estafa a 10 bancos, sin que aún se haya ejecutado. La familia Arza Huerta que reclama sus tierras de ocho
hectáreas en el predio de la Fuerza Aérea, que le fueron arrebatadas durante la dicta-dura, también es otro conflic-to que mantiene el Estado. EL SONADO CASO DE VÍCTOR HUGO PEÑA El embajador Víctor Hugo Peña Bareiro, quien se desempeña como asesor polí-tico del Ministerio de Rela-ciones Exteriores, ha promo-vido una demanda contra el Estado. Peña Bareiro fue depuesto de su cargo en el 1999, pero se le repuso en el 2004. El mismo reclama el pago de salarios caídos. El Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, mediante un co-
municado, aclaró que el em-bajador Peña Bareiro ha co-brado hasta el momento la suma de 1.617 millones de guaraníes, más de 400.000 dólares, en la demanda con-tra la referida cartera de Es-tado. De cancelarse la suma fijada en la última liquidación, Peña Bareiro percibirá en total 7.393 millones de gua-raníes aproximadamente, (unos 1.854 mil dólares ame-ricanos, al cambio actual). El diplomático dice que lo re-clamado se enmarca en el derecho que le asiste.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • ULTIMA HORA.COM (PY) • POLÍTICA • 13/7/2011
Cadam lanza exhorto a los poderes del Estado La Cámara de Distribuidores de Automotores y Maquina-rias (Cadam) dio a conocer ayer un comunicado en el que hace un llamado a los tres poderes del Estado para que actúen equitativamente para poner fin al clima de inseguridad que se vive hoy día en el campo debido a las invasiones de propiedades privadas.El gremio importa-dor de automóviles y maqui-narias agrícolas, se une a la preocupación de todos los sectores de la sociedad "por la intranquilidad, el miedo y las amenazas que están para-lizando el trabajo esforzado de tantos productores en el Alto Paraná", dice el comu-nicado.
La Cadam exhorta a las auto-ridades del Ejecutivo a ejer-cer la conducción del país priorizando el bien común de todos los paraguayos. Al mismo tiempo pide al Poder Legislativo que acompañe el deseo de todo un país de tener leyes claras e iguales para todos y exige al Poder Judicial que cumpla el papel trascendental que le corresponde en toda socie-dad: impartir justicia sin ha-cer acepción de personas y poderes. Para la Cadam resulta parti-cularmente doloroso ver que maquinarias agrícolas, prota-gonistas de la producción que permitieron dar un salto im-presionante a la economía del
Paraguay, estén paradas e inactivas al borde de las ru-tas". "Faltan palabras para transmitir la sensación que dejan las declaraciones de productores afirmando que están blindando sus tractores o sembradoras", lamenta el gremio empresarial. Conforme al comunicado gremial no es posible que la inseguridad jurídica y la in-certidumbre sigan amena-zando el trabajo y la inversi-ón en el Paraguay. "Las auto-ridades deben asegurar el respeto a la propiedad, sea esta de un trozo de tierra, de una marca, del producto de la investigación o de un dere-cho comercial", afirma.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • ABC COLOR (PY) • POLÍTICA • 13/7/2011
Comisión de Legislación del Senado emite hoy dictamen El senador de Patria Querida, Marcelo Duarte, manifestó ayer que si las firmas de las personas que solicitaron la modificación del Art. 229 de la Constitución no son au-ténticas, sería un escándalo. El legislador preside la Co-misión de Legislación de la Cámara Alta que tiene pre-visto dictaminar hoy sobre el pedido de enmienda presen-tado el pasado 27 de junio, bajo la figura de “iniciativa popular”.Duarte señaló que las firmas deben ser verifica-das, pero la comisión que preside no está en condicio-nes de realizar dicho trabajo. “Hay que verificar la canti-dad y la veracidad de las fir-mas. A mí no me consta que
se haya hecho”, insistió el legislador. Agregó que admi-nistrativamente el Congreso debería ver cómo realizar las verificaciones. Aseguró que si se llega a comprobar que las firmas acercadas al Congreso no son reales, el proyecto de enmi-enda conllevará un defecto de forma insalvable, pero se podría tratar de seguir el trá-mite si 11 legisladores firman el pedido. Esto exige la Constitución en su Art. 290. El legislador precisó que de todas formas, esto significará una situación altamente con-flictiva en el momento de su tratamiento. El proyecto de ley avalado por los senadores Sixto Pe-
reira (Tekojoja) y Carlos Filizzola (PPS) propone mo-dificar el Art. 229 de la Constitución que se refiere a la duración del mandato. El nuevo texto propuesto reza: “El Presidente y Vice-presidente durarán cinco años en sus funciones, a con-tar desde el 15 de agosto si-guiente a las elecciones. Los mismos pueden ser reelectos por un período más, de forma alternada o consecutiva”. El proyecto viola el Art. 290 de la misma Carta Magna que señala que no se utilizará el procedimiento de la enmi-enda para aquellas disposi-ciones que afecten la duraci-ón de mandato. Establece que la vía es la reforma.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • ABC COLOR (PY) • POLÍTICA • 13/7/2011
Groseras irregularidades en las planillas pro reelección
Formularios enteros con fu-ertes indicios de que fueron completados por una sola persona; otros semivacíos, o nombres con número de cé-dula sin firma, son algunas de las múltiples irregularida-des detectadas en las 6.708 planillas entregadas al Con-greso para avalar el pedido de enmienda del artículo 229 de la Constitución. La izqui-erda dijo que “juntó” 100. Todo hace presumir que estas planillas presentadas al Con-greso fueron llenadas por una
misma persona. Basta una simple comparación de letras para llegar a esta conclusión. El Frente Guasu, integrado por 20 partidos y movimien-tos políticos, presentó el pa-sado 27 de junio al Congreso el pedido de enmienda del Art. 229 de la Constitución, para incluir la figura de la reelección presidencial.Los promotores, senadores Sixto Pereira (Tekojoja) y Carlos Filizzola (PPS), aseguraron que la presentación estuvo avalada por un total de 36
biblioratos que contienen 6.708 planillas que, según dicen, totalizan 100.620 fir-mas. Llamó la atención el tiempo récord (29 días) en que se recolectaron las firmas y la explicación podría estar en las mismas planillas. En un solo bibliorato, el 17, existen fuertes indicios de que las planillas 675, 679, 680, 681, 683 y 684 fueron llenadas por una misma per-sona, incluyendo la firma que
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no es otra cosa que un simple garabato. En otros casos llega al ex-tremo que ni siquiera se pre-ocuparon en aparentar que la persona cuyo nombre apare-ce, realmente firmó, sino en el casillero indicado, se limi-
taron a escribir el nombre y apellido de la persona. En otros casos, las planillas están semivacías. Un ejem-plo, la número 649. En otra, la 195, aparecen varios nom-bres con número de cédula, pero sin firma.
Irónicamente, el encabezado de los formularios reza: “Los abajo firmantes ciudadanos paraguayos mayores de edad en nuestra condición de pue-blo libre y soberano solicita-mos la enmienda...”. Lo que dice la Constitución
Art. 290 De la enmienda Transcurridos tres años de promulgada esta Constituci-ón, podrán realizarse enmi-endas a iniciativa de la cuarta parte de los legisladores de cualquiera de las Cámaras del Congreso, del Presidente
de la República o de treinta mil electores, en petición firmada. No se utilizará el procedimiento indicado de la enmienda, sino el de la re-forma, para aquellas disposi-ciones que afecten el modo de elección, la composición,
la duración de mandato o las atribuciones de cualquiera de los poderes del Estado, o las disposiciones de los capítulos I, II, III y IV del Título II, de la Parte I.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • ABC COLOR (PY) • NACIONALES • 13/7/2011
Inundaciones en Palacio de Justicia son a causa de mantenimiento El Departamento de Obras y Proyectos aclaró que las fil-traciones de agua que sufrió el Palacio de Justicia tras las lluvias del pasado fin de se-mana, se deben a trabajos de reparación que se realiza actualmente en el primer piso, la planta baja y el sub-suelo. Actualmente, se están reali-zando cambios en las escale-ras de emergencia de la Torre Sur que tienen como objetivo adecuar las existentes a las normativas vigentes de segu-ridad, como también, la co-bertura de la plaza central del edificio y con estos trabajos hay anclajes de las estructu-ras de la terraza del 2° piso y
que esto afectó a la aislación de hidrófuga, según el infor-me publicado en la web de la Agencia de Información Pú-blica, IP Paraguay. En dicho contexto, se aclara que el edificio del Palacio de Justicia de Asunción data de los años 80 y a causa de eso necesariamente tienen que realizarse varios trabajos de cambios y renovación de sus instalaciones, y los mismos dependen de la Dirección de Infraestructura Física. Cabe señalar que las obras referidas, se encuentran ter-cerizadas a cargo de la Em-presa CIVSA, y que la mis-ma luego de un petitorio rea-lizado por la citada depen-
dencia de la Corte Suprema de Justicia se encuentra to-mando los recaudos necesa-rios a fin de mitigar los posi-bles acontecimientos de i-nundaciones que puedan su-ceder mientras dure la ejecu-ción de las obras. Igualmente, el Departamento de Obras y Proyectos pide las disculpas pertinentes ante las molestias, ocasionadas con estas mejoras, aclarando que las mismas buscan brindar mayor confort y seguridad a usuarios de la Justicia, a fun-cionarios y a todas aquellas personas que utilicen las ins-talaciones.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • FORBES.COM (US) • NEWS • 13/7/2011 • 04:34:02
Class (Action) Dismissed for Student Claims Against For-Profit Colleges A patient reader of this prolix column — who worked in the field of education finance and who is a clear backer of the government’s new Gain-ful Employment Standard — wrote privately that incoming students at for-profit colleges are generally unaware they are attending schools with “low post-grad employment stats.” While this portrait is not true for all for-profit col-leges (as my APEI column documents) or even non-profit, nontraditional, private universities (as my upcoming interview with Brandman University Chancellor Gary Brahm should confirm), it’s enough of a concern that as of July 1, the Department of Education requires for-profit
colleges to disclose employ-ment rates of graduates on their websites and in their advertising materials. Evidently, it is not enough of a concern, however, to war-rant granting students the right to litigate on this head. As reported by Dana Olsen in the July 8th Law.com (see Headline Grab), Colorado federal court Judge William Martinez ruled on June 6th that, based on the U.S. Su-preme Court ruling in AT&T Mobility LLC v. Concepion, graduates of Denver-based Westwood College – whose stated mot-to, “A Place Where You Can Succeed,” is a model in low-threshold theoretical achie-vement — signed away their
right to class action relief when they enrolled. Using the Concepion standard, o-ther courts have ruled that the only relief available to aggrieved students is indivi-dual binding arbitration, not trial, and not class action. At first blush, this caveat emptor standard might seem unfair. However, it is consis-tent with legal rulings in o-ther consumer fraud cases. And though deliberate mis-representations of educatio-nal products need be repor-ted, the courts and I agree that this standard of delibera-te deception must be set high, lest every educational institu-tion be subjected to the t-yrannical vagaries of the em-ployment marketplace.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • FORBES.COM (US) • NEWS • 13/7/2011 • 14:35:41
The Debt Ceiling, Thomas Jefferson and the Semi-Virtue of a Balanced Budget Amendment I’m for a balanced budget, even an amendment, but I’m more for the principle of li-mited government. A federal government that picks a nati-onal bird and otherwise lea-ves us alone would do nicely. But seriously, we need cla-rity. The Balanced Budget amendment (BBA) advoca-ted in the context of the debt limit talks is not a virtue if the federal government can collect unlimited, ever-
increasing percentages of income and is effectively not Constitutionally prohibited from any economic interven-tion whatsoever, which defi-nes the modern American spending and regulatory sta-te. Back in 1984, Republicans wanted a 10% flat tax. In the 90"s they were happy with 17%. We’ve tripled the fede-ral budget since the 1980s. A government could consume
100% of the nation’s wealth and still retain budget balan-ce; but liberty would have long since departed. A Balanced Budget amend-ment should rest atop a go-vernment limited from the start. It’s nice that the 113th Congress read the Constitu-tion at the opening session. But before passing every law, Congress should ask of every bill, “How is this ‘ne-cessary and proper’ to carry
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out an enumerated or delega-ted power,” as the Cato Insti-tute‘s Bob Levy would amu-singly say, mixing together the Federalists’ and Anti-Federalists’ opposing stan-ces. The debt ceiling already functions as the limit that the Balanced Budget amend-ment stands no chance of becoming since Republican’s aren’t in power to pass it. And even if the BBA were in the cards, Congress could balance the budget at half today’s level and it wouldn’t change the reality that over-regulation in every economic sector is hobbling job creati-on. Right now, America is closed for business. Immediate debt-limit crisis aside, nothing is more urgent than sweeping “liberate to stimulate” and various regulation reduction commission campaigns. It’s important not to rally around philosophically mar-ginal virtues at crisis mo-ments: We can’t simply call for a Balanced Budget a-mendment rather than em-phasize an effective one’s prerequisite: a vastly, extra-ordinarily smaller govern-ment Constitutionally limi-ted to a few tasks tied to pro-tecting individual rights from force. A government whose Absolute Job #1 is securing votes in exchange for wealth redistribution decade after decade is not a body that will stomach a BBA now. Previously, the Balanced Budget amendment tanked partly in the name of not harming Social Security, after which Congress was
free to do as it did, which was to get down to the busi-ness of not fixing Social Se-curity’s structural problems in a manner that would have enabled passage of a Balan-ced Budget amendment at a time like now. Republicans, despite their reputation as the party of smaller government and free markets, share much of the redistibutionist and regula-tory ethic of the Democrats, as opposed to proposing ob-vious but sweeping changes (like outlawing the forcing of newborns into the Social Security program in the A-merica of tomorrow). Repu-blicans insist that govern-ment funding is essential for basic science or for big pro-jects like supercolliders, spa-ce stations, computer net-work security, energy pro-grams, and nanotechnology. Republicans applaud the cor-porate welfare of distortio-nary “antitrust” regulation. And so on, in Tea “Partly” rather than Tea Party vein. America requires lean go-vernment, leadership not impelled to overspend or over-regulate, and the free-dom to opt out of big go-vernment social and health programs. America requires Washington’s hands off new industries. It requires separa-tion of state and economics. That’s where the energy should be spent now, while Congress in the meantime works out a highly visible schedule of maintaing inte-rest obligations come August 2 to avoid default, a doable task, while also tying any debt limit increase to deregu-
latory measures. It would have been nice to have long since reined in government to avoid an increase in the debt limit at all, but here we are. And then we consider a BBA in context, one in which A-merica can see light up ahe-ad. Back during Balanced Bud-get amendment debates of the 1990s, late-Sen. Robert Byrd (D-WV) contended that, Holy Cow, even Tho-mas Jefferson supported go-vernment borrowing. You know, he did the Louisiana Purchase, and was hypocriti-cal and all that. The story’s a little more inte-resting than that. Upon rea-ding the federal Constitution (which actually proved to be more “national” than “fede-ral,” as we can see today; a federal Constitution would have left most powers with states), it is the case that Jef-ferson proposed a change which he described in an email to John Taylor. (Just kidding, it was only a letter.) “I wish it were possible to obtain a single amendment to our Constitution. I would be willing to depend on that alone for the reduction of the administration of our go-vernment to the genuine principles of its Constituti-on. I mean an additional arti-cle taking from the govern-ment the power of borro-wing.” So despite Jefferson’s written support of a prohibition on government borrowing, it’s noted by BBA opponents that Jefferson borrowed hea-vily to finance the Louisiana
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Purchase while president from 1801-1809. In his 1803 State of the Uni-on address, Jefferson ackno-wledged that debt and decla-red: “Should the acquisition of Louisiana be Constitutional-ly confirmed and carried into effect, a sum of nearly thirte-en millions of dollars will then be added to our public debt, most of which is paya-ble after fifteen years; before which term the present exis-ting debts will all be dischar-ged by the established opera-tion of the sinking fund.” Note Jefferson’s promise that existing debts be paid by a sinking fund, a concept to which Jefferson declared his allegiance back in 1785 in regard to Revolutionary War debts: “It is made a fundamental that the proceeds [of the sale of our lands] shall be solely
and sacredly applied as a sinking fund to discharge the capital only of the [national] debt. (Letter to Count Van Hagendorf, 1785.)” Actually, not only were “e-xisting debts…discharged” under Jefferson, but a subs-tantial surplus was obtained during each year of Jeffer-son’s presidency. Here are federal surpluses as a percen-tage of outlays and GNP du-ring 1801-1808: YEAR SURPLUS (as % of Outlays, and as % of GNP) 1801 37.69% .8% 1802 90.74 1.9% 1803 40.90 0.8% 1804 35.63 0.7% 1805 29.06 0.6% 1806 58.71 1.2% 1807 96.28 1.6% 1808 71.76 1.5% So while Jefferson abando-ned the “no borrowing” prin-ciple in deed, he more than certified in deed his convicti-
on that the government pay as it goes and recognize bounds. This is a particularly impressive accomplishment for a period in which the young government was rela-tively unsettled and unorga-nized, and a lesson about the atmosphere that would ena-ble a Balanced Budget a-mendment. Jefferson was wary of bor-rowing, and BBA proponents are right that government borrowing is not at issue un-der the Balanced Budget a-mendment: like Jefferson, the government may borrow, but it simply must cover its debts. A bottomless divide opens between reasoned bor-rowing and the chronic defi-cits. That reasoned borro-wing is the definition fiscal sanity and a prerequisite for a light regulatory hand on the private sector.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • FORBES.COM (US) • NEWS • 13/7/2011 • 16:36:19
Police to Scan Faces and Eyes, Prompting Privacy Concerns Law enforcement agencies across the U.S. may soon start using handheld facial recognition devices, raising concerns about privacy and legality in the digital age. Plymouth, Mass.-based BI2 Technologies developed a portable system, called “Mo-ris” for Mobile Offender Re-cognition and Information System, that attaches to an iPhone, allowing a police officer to take pictures of a face from up to five feet a-
way, or scan a person’s eyes from up to six inches away. Moris then completes an immediate search to see if the suspect is a match in the criminal database. BI2 agreed to supply about 1,000 devices, which cost about $3,000 each, to appro-ximately 40 law enforcement agencies. “We are living in an age where a lot of people try to live under the radar and in the shadows and avoid law enforcement,” said Sheriff
Paul Babeu of Pinal County, Ariz., who will be equipping 75 deputies with the devices this autumn. In addition, the National She-riff’s Association gave the device its endorsements. But some officials are anxi-ous about adding the device to the police crime-fighting arsenal, especially conside-ring privacy issues that may come up with its usage. The National Association of Poli-ce Organizations, or NAPO, said the device’s iris scan-
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ning ability may be conside-red a warrantable “search,” and agencies have a “moral responsibility” to create gui-delines for its use “Even technically, if some law says you can do it, it is not worth it — it is just not the right thing to do,” said Bill Johnson, a NAPO spo-kesman. Taking photos in public spa-ces passed several legal chal-lenges, but the idea of police scannonf pictures of people, even without a warrant, is new legal ground. The device’s debut comes at a time when legislators, courts, advocacy groups and society struggle to define technology’s role in privacy and security. Courts now are hearing cases specifically
questioning whether searches in this digital age need a court-approved warrant, an issue highlighted by the con-troversy surrounding Moris. For example, the Supreme Court will hear a case of whether law enforcement needs a warrant to install a GPS tracking device on a suspect’s car. The case in-volves a suspect convicted on evidence gained after police placed a GPS tracking device on his car. Some believe GPS tracking is no different from visual tracking and should be allowed only with a warrant, while others argue GPS is different and violates pri-vacy. Today, an investigation reve-aled law enforcement obtai-ned increasing numbers of
search warrants for individu-al Facebook accounts. Since the nature of information on the social network is conside-red similar to that kept by banking institutions, current law holds that while a war-rant is needed to peruse the record, law enforcement has no obligation to inform the individual his or her account may have been reviewed. As more technological inno-vations like Moris change the way law enforcement can track down suspects, gather evidence and now even “re-ad” faces, they will continue to inspire robust debate on their proper use and privacy implications. This post originally appeared at Mobiledia.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE GUARDIAN (LO) • NEWS • 13/7/2011
Eva Joly to run for French presidency
Fraud prosecutor and green crusader beats favourite Nicolas Hulot in Greens-Europe-Ecology primary race Angelique Chrisafis
Eva Joly, the ruthless fraud prosecutor who nailed the 1990s corruption scandal at oil company Elf, is to run for French president.
Joly stunned France by win-ning the primary race for France s new expanded envi-ronmental party, Greens-Europe-Ecology, beating the favourite, TV presenter Nico-las Hulot, with 58% of the vote against Hulot s 41%.
Her score was seen as a vic-tory for her theory of "com-bative" environmentalism. She has promised to attack lobby groups and financial interests and suggested crea-ting an International Court for crimes against the envi-ronment. She is a fierce ad-vocate of pulling France out of its dependency on nuclear power.
The maverick 67-year-old with trademark red glasses is a household name in France. Her pursuit of corruption at
the highest reaches of the French elite inspired film director Claude Chabrol s dark thriller A Comedy of Power, where Isabelle Hup-pert played a vengeful magis-trate loosely modelled on Joly.
Joly on Tuesday announced: "Ethics is possible, even at the head of state," vowing an end to the corruption scan-dals still gripping France.
Born in a working-class su-burb in Norway, she came to
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Paris as a young au pair to finance her legal studies and ended up marrying the son of the bourgeois family she was posted to, despite their di-sapproval. She now holds joint Norwegian-French nati-onality and will be the first dual national to run for the French presidency – a fact she uses in her attacks on the anti-immigration extreme-right. She vowed to be the "candidate of mixed blood" and "a France which doesn t accept discrimination or ghettos".
Joly s Norwegian accent and monotone voice is seen by some as a severe handicap. But she staunchly refuses to take coaching in communica-tions. Indeed, pollsters feel her no-nonsense approach and lack of TV style plays well to a French electorate fed up with spin.
Joly is a relative newcomer to politics. She was elected MEP for the Paris region in 2009, before her party Euro-pe Ecology merged with the old Green party, Les Verts, to create a new green move-ment known by the initials EELV.
Membership has soared after good turnouts in regional and local elections. Joly has an-chored herself firmly on the left, but she must now come up with a social and econo-mic programme that can convince voters beyond envi-ronmental issues and her trademark crusades against high-level corruption.
The Greens hope to boost their score to around 10% in the presidential election. Joly is currently personally sco-ring around 6% in polls.
Some key EELV figures, such as Daniel Cohn-Bendit, the MEP and former student leader of May 1968, who supports Joly, have worried about the rise of the extreme right s Marine Le Pen. Cohn-Bendit has warned the Green party should consider dit-ching its candidate and rall-ying behind a Socialist party candidate in order to avoid splitting the leftist vote. If the left vote is split, Le Pen could get through to the pre-sidential second round.
The EELV party will also position itself as potential future parliamentary allies of the Socialist party if a Socia-list wins the presidency. This could see Joly appointed as a minister in a Socialist go-vernment.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE GUARDIAN (LO) • ENVIRONMENT • 13/7/2011
Greenpeace report links western firms to Chinese river polluters
Supplier to Nike, Adidas, Puma, H&M and Lacoste accused of discharging dangerous chemicals into Chinese water systems Jonathan Watts
A Chinese conglomerate supplying Nike, Adidas, Pu-ma and other leading brands has discharged hormone-disrupting chemicals and other toxins into the country s major water systems, ac-cording to a new Greenpeace investigation that raises ques-tions about corporate respon-
sibility for the firms they do business with.
The environmental pressure group has also linked hazar-dous textile plants in the Yangtze and Pearl river del-tas to Lacoste, H&M and half a dozen other international fashion brands despite many of those companies claims to set high environmental stan-dards in their supply chains.
The allegations follow a seri-es of high-profile pollution scandals at Chinese firms that provide materials for multinational corporations. Chinese environmental acti-vists say these cases highli-ght the hypocrisy of western outsourcers who promise high safety standards for rich consumers at home even as they trade with firms that
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benefit from lax environmen-tal regulations overseas.
In their one-year investigati-on into China s textile indus-try – the world s largest, with 50,000 mills – Greenpeace campaigners collected sam-ples from factory discharge pipes and sent them for a-nalysis at laboratories at Exe-ter University and in the Ne-therlands. They discovered a range of persistent pollutants in the wastewater from two major plants.
The Youngor facility in Ningbo, near Shanghai, was found to have discharged nonylphenol, an endocrine disruptor that builds up in the food chain, perfluorinated chemicals, which can have an adverse effect on the liver and sperm counts, as well as a cocktail of other toxins.
These chemicals were detec-ted in small quantities, but they are hard to break down so they tend to accumulate in nature to dangerous levels. Many were found in fish during an earlier study of toxins in the Yangtze food chain. Although the chemi-cals are not yet illegal in China, they are banned in the EU and many developed na-tions.
Youngor is China s biggest integrated textile firm and boasts some of the country s most advanced technology for dyeing, weaving and printing. Its Ningbo plant is also home to an in-house research centre and a Japane-se-made sewage treatment system.
Greenpeace says Nike, Adi-das, Puma, H&M and Lacos-te have confirmed a business relationship with Youngor though all denied making use of the plant s wet processes, which are likely to be res-ponsible for the pollution discharges into the Fenghua river.
Adidas said its only relation-ship with the Youngor is for the cutting and sewing of fabrics. "Adidas does not source fabrics from Youngor Group, which would involve the use of dyestuffs, chemi-cals and their associated wa-ter treatment processes," the company said in a statement. "We continue to engage with Greenpeace and have offered our full support and coopera-tion.
In response to questions from the Guardian, Puma also said its involvement was limited to a non-polluting subsidiary that it regularly audited. "Our relationship to Youngor Group is, according to our information, restricted to the ready-made garments factory Youngor Knitting, which is not involved in any dischar-ges into the Fenghua and does not operate any indus-trial wet processes. We are currently in contact and dis-cussion with Greenpeace and open for further cooperation on our chemicals policies."
H&M said its business part-ner, Ningbo Youngor Ying-chen Uniform, was a discrete legal entity within the Youn-ger International Garment City complex that did not contribute to discharges into
the Fenghua river. The com-pany said its code of conduct only applied at suppliers with which it had a business rela-tionship.
"However, we share the ge-neral concern about dischar-ges of hazardous chemicals into the environment," H&M said. "That is why we run a set of activities and procedu-res to limit and eliminate hazardous chemicals and improve overall environmen-tal standards throughout our value chain and the entire industry."
Greenpeace says the foreign firms need to insist upon higher standards throughout their supply chains. In addi-tion, the group says the brands have a moral obligati-on to phase out hazardous chemicals not just in the final product sold to first-world consumers but also in the industrial process that affect workers and the environment in developing nations.
"These companies are doing business with a polluter. We are not accusing them of be-ing evil, we are challenging them to take the lead on eli-minating toxins," said Li Yifang, who headed the in-vestigation at the Greenpeace China office. "There is no safety limit for these chemi-cals because they accumula-te. So we ask Nike and the others to help phase them out over a reasonable time frame. That would send a signal to the whole industry."
The other polluter accused in the report was Well Dyeing
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Factory in Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, which is said to have discharged a range of heavy metals, inclu-ding chromium and copper, in addition to alkylphenols, nonylphenols and other or-ganic chemicals.
Greenpeace noted the factory released hazardous effluent into the Shiji River at night – a common practice by facto-ries in China that want to avoid scrutiny from govern-mental inspectors.
Many other factories are li-kely to be guilty of even worse pollution but their ac-tivities go undetected becau-se they bury their discharge pipes or mix their emissions
with the effluent from other industrial plants. Greenpeace says it has approached both Chinese firms with its fin-dings. Youngor has reporte-dly agreed to work with the environmental group to eli-minate toxic chemicals, whi-le Well Dyeing has denied it has a problem.
China has been the world s biggest exporter of textiles since 1995, but other indus-tries have made a big impact on the economy and envi-ronment. Last year, a coaliti-on of Chinese environmental groups traced a link between lead and cadmium contami-nation scandals and the pro-duction of materials for mo-bile phone batteries and
computer circuit boards for foreign technology compani-es. In a follow-up study ear-lier this year, the activists reporteddischarge violations at several Chinese firms that are thought to be part of Ap-ple s supply chain.
Many foreign firms privately complain that environmental groups hold them to higher standards than their Chinese counterparts, which under-mines their competitiveness. The campaigners respond that the big companies profit from their brand reputation and thus have a greater res-ponsibility to set a positive example.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE GUARDIAN (LO) • NEWS • 13/7/2011
Immigrant relatives face five-year wait to claim benefits
Home Office ministers regard the squeeze on family migration as key in their drive to bring annual net migration to the UK down Alan Travis
Family members from outsi-de Europe who come to join close relatives settled in Bri-tain are expected to be deni-ed access to welfare benefits for up to five years under further plans to cut annual net migration to be detailed on Wednesday.
The immigration minister, Damian Green, is to announ-ce new measures the go-vernment hopes will ensure that those who come to the
UK through the family mi-gration route integrate more fully into British society. They are expected to include a tougher English language test for those applying to come to Britain on a family visa.
Ministers also want to reform article 8 of the European Convention on human ri-ghts, which protects the right to family life and currently prevents deportation in some cases of close family mem-
bers who have been living illegally in Britain.
Home Office ministers re-gard the squeeze on family migration as a key part of their drive to bring annual net migration to the UK down to the "tens of thou-sands, instead of hundreds of thousands" by the time of the next election.
So far ministers have tried to curb the flow of skilled wor-kers from outside Europe, introduced measures to redu-
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ce the number of overseas student visas and to "break the link" between temporary migration and the right to apply to settle permanently in the UK.
But the official figures show there is precious little scope for reducing annual net mi-gration – which was running at 242,000 in the year to Sep-tember 2010 – through the family migration route. The latest figures show 48,900 family migration visas were granted in 2010, of which 40,500 were spouses who were coming for marriage, civil or other partnership purposes, or spouses-to-be. The remaining 8,400 were dependents, including elderly relatives. Most are women from India, Pakistan and Bangladesh.
The Oxford University-based Migration Observatory esti-mates that changes to the
family migration route are unlikely to reduce annual net migration by more than 8,000 at the most.
Cutting welfare benefits for family members from over-seas is likely to have only a limited impact. Relatives already have to wait for two years before they become eligible for welfare benefits, and it is thought that the change will not affect spou-ses who enter on spouses visas and choose to work and pay national insurance con-tributions. Ministers appear also to have drawn back from redefining the wider family eligible to come to the UK. The proposal to look at re-working the wording of "ri-ght to family life" is likely to prove difficult and open to human rights challenges.
In advance of consultation, the Migration Observatory said the changes were limited
in their impact because inter-national human rights legis-lation restricts the govern-ment s ability to prevent fa-mily unification.
"Family migration has been a target for successive UK go-vernments, to the extent that it is now largely limited to the nuclear family. The ma-jority of family migrants are spouses," says an Observa-tory briefing.
"The government could at-tempt to increase the level of financial support that needs to be proved for a family member to be brought to the UK or demand higher levels of proof that the family member will integrate, but these policies could run into legal challenges. Equally, the government could prevent fiancées from being included as family members, but even this would only deliver limi-ted change."
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE GUARDIAN (LO) • NEWS • 13/7/2011
Gaddafi regime ready for talks on transition of power to rebels
France, Britain and US acknowledge Nato military action alone unlikely to force Libya s leader to step down Ian Black
Efforts to find a political solution to the Libyan crisis are intensifying as France, Britain and the US ackno-wledge that Nato military action alone is unlikely to force Muammar Gaddafi to step down.
The UN and western countri-es are urging formal talks between the Benghazi-based rebels and the Gaddafi regi-me amid new signs that Tri-poli might agree to discuss a transition of power.
Alain Juppé, France s foreign minister, provided the stron-gest indication yet of opti-
mism about the outcome. "Emissaries are telling us Gaddafi is ready to go, let s talk about it," he said on Tu-esday. "The question is no longer about whether Gadda-fi goes but when and how."
François Fillon, the French prime minister, told the nati-
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onal assembly that a "politi-cal solution is taking shape".
Al-Baghdadi Ali al-Mahmoudi, Libya s prime minister, told the French daily Le Figaro that the re-gime was ready to negotiate "unconditionally" as long as Nato action ended. Gaddafi would not be involved in talks, he said, and would "respect the will of the peo-ple".
France s defence minister, Gérard Longuet, suggested on Sunday that Gaddafi could remain in Tripoli "in another room in his palace" and Nato could stop its bom-bing campaign while talks began.
The push for a political solu-tion is being spearheaded by the UN envoy, Abdel-Ilah al-Khatib, who met Mahmoudi in Tripoli at the weekend. Khatib told reporters: "I am urging the parties to increase their focus on working to-wards a political solution. We would like to see indirect discussions evolve into direct talks."
A key issue was agreeing on a body to manage a transiti-on. It would have to be "all-inclusive and involve repre-sentatives from all political and social groups as well as a wide range of factions, regi-ons and tribes." He added, however, that there was a
significant gap between the two sides.
President Barack Obama is backing Moscow s mediating efforts in Libya if they lead to Gaddafi stepping down.
Italy, hosting Nato s air ope-rations, added its voice to the chorus on Tuesday. Franco Frattini, the foreign minister, told Algeria s al Khabar newspaper: "We are convin-ced that the Libyan crisis requires a political solution characterised by an end to fighting; Gaddafi, who lacks all legitimacy, leaving the stage; and the launching of an inclusive democratic pro-cess involving all parts of Libyan society."
Western governments admit they are worried about the lack of a decisive blow by Nato, the mounting cost of the campaign and the weak-ness of the rebel forces, but say they are encouraged by a widening agreement about the desired political outcome.
"There is a consensus on how to end the crisis, which is that Gaddafi has to leave power," Juppé told France Info radio. "That [consensus] was absolutely not a given two or three months ago." Initiatives by the African Union and South Africa have faded away.
"There are indications that people around Gaddafi
would envisage a solution that includes him being out of power rather than in," said one diplomat. "We are hea-ring that from various people but it s not yet set in stone. There is an emerging interna-tional consensus around a political track and momen-tum is building up, but there is no breakthrough."
Libya experts suspect that ideas about Gaddafi stepping down may be being floated without official authorisation to test western reactions.
The approach of Ramadan, the Muslim month of fasting at the beginning of August, is also adding to pressure to find a way out of the impas-se.
Later this week the Libya international contact group meeting in Istanbul is expec-ted to channel more cash to the Transitional National Council and step up efforts for a political settlement.
Nato governments insist the-re can be no backtracking from the arrest warrant issu-ed for Gaddafi by the inter-national Criminal Court but continue to hope that he mi-ght yet flee to a country such as Zimbabwe, Belarus or Sudan – even though he has always insisted he will stay in Libya.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) • INTERNATIONAL • 13/7/2011
Morocco: Calls for Election Inquiry Morocco’s main independent human rights group deman-ded an investigation into what it said were election violations that affected the outcome of a July 1 referen-dum on Constitutional changes. King Mohammed
VI is expected to hand over some of his powers to elected officials under the new char-ter while retaining approval of strategic decisions. The rights group, the Moroccan human rights Association, said the absence of internati-
onal observers led to “serious violations.” The government said that 73 percent of voters turned out, and that 98.5 per-cent of them approved of the changes.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL UNIVERSAL • CARACAS • 13/7/2011
"Debe bajar número de presos para nuevo modelo carcelario"
SAILU URRIBARRI NÚÑEZ Coro.- "La tasa de encarce-lamiento ha crecido de mane-ra acelerada. Se registran 170 privados de libertad por cada 100 mil habitantes", aseguró el ministro de Interior y Jus-ticia Tareck El Aissami y agregó que durante los dos últimos años se reporta cre-cimiento desmesurado de la población penal venezolana. Afirmó que "se trata de una tasa muy alta que genera reflexión y atención corres-
ponsablemente entre Poder Judicial y el Ministerio Pú-blico". El nuevo modelo car-celario "plantea que toda la población esté inscrita en actividades de desarrollo integral y que desde las cár-celes se impulse la Misión Trabajo Venezuela", dijo el funcionario. En Falcón se registran dos realidades distintas, una Ciu-dad Penitenciaria con sólo 539 reclusos que cuentan con espacios amplios y activida-des complementarias; mien-tras en el Internado Judicial
de Coro conviven en espa-cios reducidos más de 1.500 reos. Al respecto El Aissami aseguró que "como en mu-chos de los internados judici-ales, sus males no son de la última década" La presidenta de la sala de casación del TSJ, Ninoska Queipo, aseguró que "del 21 de junio al 1 de julio acorda-do unos 700 beneficios y formulas alternativas", y se aprobó designar jueces itine-rantes para la celeridad pro-cesal.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL UNIVERSAL • OPINIÓN • 13/7/2011
Justicia social penitenciaria
CARLOS SAÍNZ MUÑOZ Los hombres, mujeres y ado-lescentes vanguardia del mo-vimiento universal de la clase trabajadora, mantienen esa condición aun cuando por razones de índole legal son sometidos a penas de priva-ción de libertad sin que ello pueda afectar y mucho me-nos conculcar el derecho humano al deber y derecho al Trabajo. Como laboralista siempre criticamos que los reclusos son discriminados a una pena arbitraria como es la de privarlos de su derecho humano a trabajar con las modalidades y condiciones de su sitio de reclusión. La OIT, tiene convenios sobre el trabajo penitenciario y su protección. En la Constitu-ción Bolivariana se garantiza el derecho al trabajo sin ex-cepción, se prohíbe toda forma de exclusión y discri-minación y más bien se esti-mula la integración. (Art. 3,
87, 88, disp. trans. 4 art.3, Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos art.23 y Convenio Nro. 23, art. 2 lite-ral "c "OIT. Ratificados). No existe norma legal que prohíba el derecho al trabajo en nuestros centros de reclu-sión para procesados (sin sentencia) y penados (sen-tenciados) y si la hubiese seria inconstitucional y cual-quier juez la puede desapli-car. El trabajo penitenciario combatiría con éxito los fac-tores de ocio, hacinamiento, criminalidad, degradación y retardo procesal y permitiría al recluso obtener un justo salario para ayudar a su de-fensa, a sus familiares y ser integrados a la sociedad. Modalidades: el trabajo in-terno dentro del penal, en labores de limpieza, alimen-tación. Salud. Atención al recluso, custodia interna, con derecho a un salario mínimo y Seguridad Social, el semi-
interno labora fuera y vuelve, y el trabajo por tiempo de-terminado fuera del penal. Los efectos serían rápidos, eficaces, mediante régimen cogestionario y relación soli-daria Estado, Sociedad, y familia de los reclusos, sindi-catos y llevaríamos a esos hombres y mujeres su reivin-dicación como seres huma-nos y entraría a nuestros pe-nales la justicia, dignificaci-ón y humanismo. El retardo procesal se combate con jue-ces, fiscales y defensores que formen turnos que ejerzan en sitios ad hoc en los lugares de reclusión y sientan lo que es una cárcel. Cuando era un joven abogado fui a defender a un trabajador preso, y me impresionó una pared que decía: LA LEY NO CASTI-GA, EL DELITO SÍ, NO A LA POBREZA. [email protected]
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL UNIVERSAL • OPINIÓN • 13/7/2011
Ella, la síntesis de un ¡No volverán! con el ¡Ni un paso atrás! RONNY PADRÓN Es el anhelo de muchos de-mócratas venezolanos que durante estos 12 años bajo el horror del socialismo en go-bierno seguimos trabajando y aguardando por el despuntar
de una alternativa política válida para nuestra "Pequeña Venecia". No ha sido casua-lidad tal espera, pues durante todo ese lapso nuestra diri-gencia demócrata no había sido capaz de hilvanar una
arenga de suficiente claridad y coherencia como para su-perar la estafa discursiva socialista. Sin restarle méritos al loable esfuerzo representado por la Mesa de la Unidad Democrá-
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tica (MUD), órgano legítimo representativo de las fuerzas demócratas en Venezuela, es un hecho que en tanto padez-camos por la falta de un lide-razgo firme con la suficiente autoridad moral que le per-mita coordinar las diversas manifestaciones de nuestra mayoría demócrata, el esfu-erzo siempre resultará insufi-ciente para ganar y "cobrar". Ejemplos de ello: Masacre del 11 de abril y Paro Cívico Nacional en 2002, RR en 2004, Presidenciales en 2006, reforma constitucio-nal en 2007, Enmienda Constitucional en 2009, Par-lamentarias en 2010. En todas y cada una de tales tratativas, las fuerzas demó-cratas hemos sido cualitativa y cuantitativamente superio-res a la propuesta socialista en gobierno, sin embargo, la
carencia de un liderazgo polí-tico calificado ha hecho po-sible la continuidad de este caos. Y así hasta el dos mil siempre, si no logramos nue-va conducción. Nueva conducción ésta, que destaque en primer término por su honradez y valentía, virtudes morales indispensa-bles para recuperar el respeto y la confianza en la dirigen-cia política, por parte de una gran mayoría de venezolanos decepcionados, integrantes incluso de nuestras propias filas. Un liderazgo moderno, cohe-rente entre su prédica y su accionar, basado en la fuerza de la razón y no en la razón de la fuerza. Capaz de dirigir la diversidad de esfuerzos en medio de esta tormenta, apo-yada por ciudadanos y no por acólitos. Con un discurso
demócrata diáfano y una propuesta superior, producto de la reflexión y el análisis. En fin, que representando el más rotundo contraste ante el socialismo presente y el po-pulismo pasado, sintetice a cabalidad un "No volverán" con el "Ni un paso atrás". Esa persona estimo que ya llegó, y lo va demostrando día tras día, con su discurso, con su trabajo, con su cohe-rencia en la vida. Las prima-rias del próximo febrero se-rán la prueba inicial. Espe-ramos por su propuesta de gestión con miras a encabe-zar la necesaria transición hacia un régimen democráti-co de libertades a partir de diciembre 2012. ¡Decídete María Corina! ORA y LA-BORA. [email protected]
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL UNIVERSAL • OPINIÓN • 13/7/2011
Con Chávez todo. Sin Chávez ¿Nada? MIGUEL E. WEIL DI MIELE Me voy a tomar la libertad de hacer un retweet fuera del Twitter: RT@dcabellor: "hoy debemos estar más unidos que nunca en torno al lide-razgo de nuestro Comandan-te. Con Chávez todo sin Chávez nada". Ello se leía en la cuenta del que para mu-chos es el segundo power ranger de la revolución como respuesta a las penurias de salud del primero. La frase, que si bien a primera vista no
parece sino una más de la acostumbrada adulación re-volucionaria, puede insinuar otras cosas. Más allá de la jaladota, Diosdado Cabello habla, consciente o inconsci-entemente, más claro que un clarinete. Dice "hoy debe-mos". La primera pregunta necesaria es: ¿Y mañana? Difícil será creer que la res-puesta que él daría es "no sabemos". Porque el resto de su tweet puede hacerlo dedu-cible. "Sin Chávez nada", es una frase que no refleja sino
la dependencia total a una persona. Pero más allá de lo obvio, la gravedad está en la asunción del acabose si el cacique faltase. Para el power ranger en cues-tión, la falta del líder implica el fin de los tiempos. No hay soluciones ni alternativas. Es una inducción a la ingober-nabilidad frontal y descarada, aún más grave que la llamada a la lucha armada de Adán, el broder, equiparable más bien a las líricas del Bombita Ro-dríguez. El apocalíptico co-
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mentario contiene elementos que reflejan con esplendor la percepción de la realidad de nuestro país según el parape-to chavista. La de una finca personal en la que sólo un tipo hace lo que le da la gana, y sin el cual los capataces a él subordinados no saben a dónde llevar las vacas, ni qué darle de comer a los caballos, ni recoger los huevos de las gallinas, y mucho menos cazar chigüires, independien-temente de la bipolaridad u otros diagnósticos psicológi-cos del criollo roedor. El llamado a una lucha ar-mada por voceros del propio gobierno, o los presagios de desaparición de todo lo que existe, implican la vuelta al estado original de las cosas. El uso de la fuerza por un sector de la sociedad contra el otro se da porque los sec-tores que la utilizan conside-ran que tienen derecho a al-
go, y por lo tanto, el uso de la fuerza es, para ellos, legítimo en la defensa o clamor de ese derecho, ya que no hay Ley ni Estado que se los garanti-ce. Por ello las sociedades se someten a las leyes para la solución de sus conflictos. Bien, este trocito de filosofía tan elemental escapa de vista de los gobierneros. El llama-do a la anarquía pareciera estar viniendo de ellos. El gobierno desconociendo al Estado. Una perla. Es una admisión flagrante de su in-capacidad y de su propia desobediencia a la Constitu-ción y las leyes. La negación del Estado de Derecho, de la República, de la más mínima civilidad. Pero sobre todo, es una desestimación de la soci-edad civil (chavista y no chavista) venezolana. No todo es calamidad y cata-clismo. El power ranger mul-ticargos y el broder quieren
con sus comentarios desco-nocer una realidad que si bien parece sumisa o inexis-tente está allí, ahora. Ante la ausencia del líder, sin el que nadie podría vivir, la socie-dad venezolana demostró (si bien bajo el morbo de los chismes y cuentos fantásticos exquisitos) que funciona e-xactamente igual con el hombre o sin él. Las institu-ciones, los comercios, las industrias y todo lo demás (o lo que queda) están andando, mal, muy mal, igual de mal que con él, pero andan. Por-que las sociedades, incluyen-do la nuestra, dependen de muchas cosas para estar me-jor, pero nunca de un solo pana. Estamos donde esta-mos, cabe preguntar enton-ces: Sin Chávez ¿Nada? [email protected]
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL UNIVERSAL • NACIONAL Y POLÍTICA • 13/7/2011
Mesa exige a general Motta respetar la Constitución
Tomás Guanipa rechaza lo dicho por el comandante general de la GN EL UNIVERSAL
El diputado a la Asamblea Nacional, Tomás Guanipa (PJ-Zulia), reprobó en nom-bre de la Mesa de la Unidad (MUD) afirmaciones hechas este fin de semana por el comandante general de la GuarDia Nacional, el mayor general Luis Motta Domín-guez, en una entrevista tele-visiva. A juicio del parla-
mentario lo dicho por el ge-neral configura una violación del Artículo 328 de la Cons-titución que prohibe a los militares en ejercicio estar al servicio de alguna parciali-dad política. En el programa José Vicente Hoy, Motta elogió al presidente Hugo Chávez por "su deslumbrante carrera como dirigente popu-lar" y le atribuyó al mandata-rio haber convertido a la GN
en un componente de la FAN porque antes de 1999 era "sólo un decreto".
Guanipa, miembro de la Co-misión de Defensa de la AN, fustigó a Motta y al resto de los miembros del Alto Man-do Militar y les exigió que dejen de actuar políticamen-te.
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"Hay que recordarle al gene-ral Motta Domínguez que el país votó en contra del inten-to de partidizar a la FAN en el referéndum de 2007. La victoria del No fue un con-tundente mensaje de que la sociedad quiere una FAN profesional y subordinada al poder civil" dijo Guanipa quien dijo que no todos los militares incurren en esa des-viación. Sobre el estatus que la GN tiene hace doce años, dijo que se lo dio "el pueblo" al aprobar la Constitución.
"El general olvidó que en la legislación previa a 1999 se reconocía a la GN como fu-erza y lo que hoy el general Motta quiere presentar como una novedad ya existía en la LOFAN de 1983 y 1995, respectivamente".
Reclamó que Motta explique al país cómo ingresan a las cárceles armas tan sofistica-das y por qué no se cumple el artículo 324 de la Constitu-ción que establece que la FAN controla la fabricación,
importación, exportación, almacenamiento, tránsito, registro, control, inspección, comercio, posesión, y uso de las armas de guerra, de otras armas, de las municiones, y de los explosivos. "¿Por qué ese artículo no se cumple en los penales? ¿Y por qué la institución que él dirige no ha sido capaz de ejecutar el mencionado artículo, como responsables de la custodia de los penales?".
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL UNIVERSAL • NACIONAL Y POLÍTICA • 13/7/2011
Parlamento evaluará la solicitud de remover a los magistrados
La Mesa exhortó al PSUV a hacer cumplir la ley y castigar a los jueces
PEDRO PABLO PEÑALOZA La junta directiva de la A-samblea Nacional decidió ayer "estudiar" la solicitud de destituir a los magistrados del Tribunal Supremo de Justicia que perciben un bono de 10 mil bolívares fuertes al mes. La bancada de Primero Justicia, encabezada por el diputado Juan Carlos Caldera (Miranda), demandó el lunes al Consejo Moral Republica-no la apertura de una investi-gación contra la cúpula del Poder Judicial, al considerar que con ese pago extra viola la Ley Orgánica de Emolu-mentos. En la sesión ordinaria de ayer, Caldera retomó el tema y propuso a la Cámara "que se debata la aprobación de
ese beneficio por parte de un grupo de magistrados". El representante mirandino des-tacó que los togados están quebrantando una norma sancionada por el Poder Le-gislativo. "Es una burla a la AN y al pueblo", sentenció. En nombre de la Mesa de la Unidad Democrática, el le-gislador de PJ exhortó a sus colegas del Partido Socialista Unido de Venezuela a que "por unanimidad" acordaran la remoción de los magistra-dos. Además, exigió que las comisiones permanentes de Política Interior y de Contra-loría iniciaran una averigua-ción contra los presuntos infractores pues, a su juicio, el cobro del famoso "cesta-ticket" constituye una "falta grave".
"Este es un momento para demostrar si estamos com-prometidos con la ley. Mien-tras la Ley Orgánica de Emo-lumentos no sea derogada por el mismo TSJ, es una ley de la República", declaró indignado Caldera, tras re-cordar que el venezolano común percibe 523 bolívares en cestatickets al mes y "es-tamos en mora con los jubi-lados y pensionados del pa-ís". Concluida esta intervención, tomó la palabra el jefe de la AN, Fernando Soto Rojas, quien respondió lo siguiente: "este documento que ha con-signado el diputado Caldera (ante el Consejo Moral Re-pública y la presidencia del Parlamento) lo va a revisar exhaustivamente la junta
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directiva e informará sobre el particular". La oposición aceptó la idea de Soto Rojas y no insistió en debatir el asunto en la sesión de ayer. El artículo 8 de la Ley Orgá-nica de Emolumentos fija como "límite máximo" para los magistrados una remune-ración equivalente a 12 sala-rios mínimos al mes. Luego, en su disposición 19 añade: "Los altos funcionarios no
podrán percibir remuneracio-nes, cualquiera sea su deno-minación o método de cálcu-lo, tengan o no carácter sala-rial o remunerativo, distintos a los establecidos expresa-mente en esta ley". Gato encerrado El diputado Juan Pablo Gar-cía (AD-Monagas) reclamó a la Comisión de Política Inte-rior y, en especial a su presi-denta, Cilia Flores (PSUV-
Caracas), que investigue las supuestas ejecuciones polici-ales que se estarían regis-trando en Monagas. "En Mo-nagas siguen ocurriendo vio-laciones a los Derechos Hu-manos", aseveró García. Por la mayoría del PSUV, Nélson Rodríguez (Monagas) rebatió la acusación. "Mona-gas dejó de ser un estado peligroso", sostuvo Rodrí-guez.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL UNIVERSAL • CARACAS • 13/7/2011
TSJ emite auto en el que aclara que Fuenmayor Toro seguirá detenido
Recordó que solo los jueces penales pueden liberar a una persona JUAN FRANCISCO A-LONSO
La decisión del Tribunal Su-premo de Justicia (TSJ) que suspendió los fallos que or-denaban la detención preven-tiva del exrector de la Uni-versidad Central de Venezue-la (UCV), Luis Fuenmayor Toro; y su enjuiciamiento por presuntamente abusar de su hijo menor no supondrán su liberación. La aclaratoria la hizo la Sala Constitucional del máximo juzgado, en un
auto que emitió ayer para explicar los alcances del fallo número 1.081 que el viernes emitió y en el cual declaró con lugar un recurso de am-paro que la defensa del tam-bién exdirector de la Oficina de Planificación del Sector Universitario (OPSU) inter-puso.
En la aclaratoria, que redactó el vicepresidente de la Sala, magistrado Francisco Car-rasquero, se afirma que en ningún momento dejó sin
efecto la medida cautelar que pesaba sobre el exfunciona-rio. Sin embargo, en esta ocasión sí plasmó en el papel que "la detención domicilia-ria" contra éste "deberá man-tenerse".
Asimismo reiteró su criterio de que los jueces constitu-cionales no les corresponde decidir sobre la detención o liberación de una persona, porque esa "facultad le cor-responde exclusivamente a la jurisdicción penal".
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • LE MONDE (FR) • INTERNATIONAL • 13/7/2011 • 06:17:43
HRW dénonce les exactions des rebelles dans l'ouest de la Libye L organisation non gouver-nementale human rights Watch a accusé mercredi 13 juillet les rebelles libyens d
incendies, de pillages et de mauvais traitements sur des civils lors de leur offensive
sur Tripoli à partir du djebel Nafousa (ouest). L organisation de défense des droits de l homme "a été té-
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moin de certains de ces actes, a interrogé des témoins pour d autres et a parlé avec un commandant rebelle de ces abus", a déclaré l organisati-on dans un communiqué. HRW indique que ces exac-tions ont eu lieu en juin et juillet et jusqu à la semaine dernière, alors que les rebel-les engageaient leur offensi-ve à partir du djebel Nafousa, une région montagneuse au sud de Tripoli. "Dans quatre villages captu-rés par les rebelles dans les monts Nafousa ces derniers mois, les combattants rebel-les et leurs sympathisants ont saccagé des biens, brûlé cer-taines habitations, pillé des hôpitaux, des maisons et des commerces, et frappé certai-nes personnes soupçonnées de soutenir les forces gou-vernementales", écrit HRW. "Les chefs rebelles ont le devoir de protéger les civils
et leurs biens, particulièrement les hôpi-taux, et de sanctionner qui-conque se livre au pillage ou à d autres abus", déclare en-core l organisation. LE CNT MUET Un commandant rebelle de la région, que l organisation identifie comme le colonel El-Moktar Firnana, a admis des abus et affirmé que certa-ins combattants ou sympathi-sants avaient été punis. "Si nous n avions pas donné des instructions, les gens auraient brûlé ces villages jusqu au dernier", a déclaré le respon-sable, cité par HRW, qui précise que deux de ces vil-lages abritent une tribu pro-che du colonel Kadhafi. Dans le bastion rebelle de Benghazi, à l est, le Conseil national de transition (instan-ce de commandement des rebelles) n a pas répondu aux questions sur la réalité de ces
violations. Après plusieurs semaines d enlisement du conflit, les insurgés ont dé-clenché la semaine dernière, à partir des montagnes du djebel Nafousa, une offensi-ve dans l ouest de la Libye. Ils visent désormais deux verrous stratégiques pour prendre Tripoli en tenaille au sud et à l ouest. Ces accusations pourraient ternir l image des rebelles, qui combattent le régime de Mouammar Kadhafi, en pla-ce depuis près de quarante-deux ans, avec le soutien des Occidentaux et de l ONU. La France, qui a admis récem-ment avoir procédé à des parachutages d armes légères dans le djebel Nafousa, a prolongé mardi son engage-ment en Libye lors d un vote au Parlement qui a réuni ma-jorité et opposition.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • LE MONDE (FR) • INTERNATIONAL • 13/7/2011 • 10:18:15
Le CNT libyen réfute les accusations d'atteintes aux droits de l'homme
Le numéro deux de la rébel-lion libyenne, Mahmoud Ji-bril, a réfuté mercredi 13 juillet les accusations d exac-tions commises dans l ouest du pays portées contre elle par l ONG human rights Watch (HRW), lors d un pas-sage à Bruxelles. Le "minis-tre" des affaires étrangères du CNT a admis que "quel-ques incidents" s étaient pro-duits durant les deux premières semaines de l in-surrection, lancée à la mi-
février contre le régime de Kadhafi. Mais "ce n est plus le cas dans les zones libéré-es", a-t-il affirmé. Mercredi matin, HRW avait accusé les rebelles libyens d avoir commis des crimes contre des civils lors de leur offensive sur Tripoli à partir du Djebel Nafussa. Déjà, le 27 juin, l organisation avait fait état d "atteintes aux droits de l homme de la part des forces rebelles". Ces ac-cusations pourraient ternir la
cause des rebelles, qui com-battent le régime de Kadhafi, en place depuis près de 42 ans, avec le soutien des Oc-cidentaux et de l ONU. LE BÉNÉLUX RECONNAÎT LE CNT "Ils ont une grande responsa-bilité dans la transition en douceur vers un avenir dé-mocratique et ouvert en Lib-ye", a déclaré Anders Fogh Rasmussen, le secrétaire gé-néral de l Alliance atlantique, dans un communiqué après
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une rencontre inédite avec une délégation du CNT à Bruxelles. Après la Pologne et la Turquie, la semaine dernière, les trois pays du Benelux ont reconnu mercre-di l organe politique de la rebellion comme "légitime
représentant" du peuple lib-yen pendant la période de transition. Les pays de l OTAN et la délégation du CNT se sont par ailleurs entendus sur trois points, a précisé Anders Fo-gh Ramussen : que l OTAN
"poursuivra" son opération militaire "pour protéger les civils libyens", tant que ceux-ci seront menacés, que "le régime de Kadhafi a perdu toute légitimité", et enfin qu "une solution politique doit être trouvée (...) maintenant".
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • CLARÍN (AR) • MUNDO • 13/7/2011
Cristina presentó el trabajo que reordena todo el sistema jurídico
El “Digesto Jurídico Argentino” se inició en 1999. Revisó más de 32 mil normativas. Por Guido Braslavsky
La presidenta Cristina Kirch-ner presentó ayer el primer “ Digesto Jurídico Argenti-no” , un reordenamiento y sistematización de todas las normas jurídicas emitidas desde 1853. La tarea le llevó varios años a una comisión integrada por 200 especialis-tas, que concluyó que sólo 3.134 normas se encuen-tran vigentes , sobre un total de 32.207 que fueron anali-zadas y sometidas a un pro-ceso de “depuramiento”.
Cristina hizo la presentación en el Salón de las Mujeres de la Casa de Gobierno, donde recordó que esta tarea fue ordenada al Congreso en la reforma de la Constitución Nacional en 1994. Pero afir-mó que era “imposible” que la llevara a cabo el Parlamen-to por su “magnitud”. Lo hizo una comisión que empe-zó a trabajar en 2005.
A la derecha de Cristina se sentó ayer el presidente de la
Corte Suprema, Ricardo Lorenzetti y la vice del má-ximo tribunal, Elena High-ton, se ubicó en primera fila.
La Presidenta destacó que “se trata de un inmenso acto de calidad y orden institucio-nal” y una “verdadera políti-ca de Estado. El Parlamento ahora lo controlará y sim-plificará” , agregó. Es que el nuevo digesto jurídico es en rigor un proyecto de ley, que firmó ayer la Presidenta y al cual el Congreso deberá darle aprobación.
El Gobierno aprovechó este anuncio para volver a hablar de “calidad institucional”, concepto que fue uno de los principales ejes de la campaña de la Presidenta en 2007. La idea que transmitía el oficialismo entonces era que con Cristina vendría una etapa superadora respecto del presidencialismo “fuerte” de Néstor Kirchner, que se justi-ficaba en la recuperación que siguió a la crisis de 2001-2002. El kirchnerismo haría
una interpretación propia del significado de la “calidad institucional” ante las críticas por la falta de diálogo con la oposición y justificar el man-tenimiento de su estilo de confrontación en el ejercicio del poder.
A un costado del atril de Cristina se dispusieron ayer decenas de cajas azules con todas las normas jurídicas, y la Presidenta dijo estar “con-tenta y orgullosa”. El minis-tro de Justicia, Julio Alak, afirmó que el trabajo presen-tado ayer “consolida 158 años de legislación argenti-na”.
Las normas vigentes fueron ordenadas en 26 materias del derecho con la idea de facilitar el acceso y las bús-quedas.
El trabajo se había iniciado en 1999, durante el gobierno de la Alianza con un contrato con la Universidad de Bue-nos Aires, pero hubo “demo-ras e incumplimientos” y lo
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retomó en 2005 el Ministerio de Justicia, explicó Alak. Producto de la “depuración”
se encontró que están vigen-tes menos del 10% de más de 32 mil normas nacionales de
toda la legislación emitida entre 1853 y el 1° de julio pasado.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • CLARÍN (AR) • POLÍTICA • 13/7/2011
Amparo a favor de Jujuy El juez Mariano Cardozo, hizo lugar ayer al recurso de amparo presentado por el senador nacional Gerardo Morales y los diputados na-cionales Mario Fiad y Miguel Giubergia, por la falta de combustible en Jujuy.
Morales dijo que hoy concur-rirá en persona a la Secretaría de Energía de la Nación, para notificar la sentencia judicial, tal como lo exige el juez jujeño, requiriendo una solu-ción a la brevedad de un pro-blema que alteró la vida de
los jujeños. El recurso pre-sentado por Morales se suma a los que en su momento presentaron la provincia de Salta y los municipios de La Plata y Posadas, entre otros.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • CLARÍN (AR) • POLÍTICA • 13/7/2011
La DAIA premia a un camarista federal El camarista en lo penal eco-nómico y actual vicepresi-dente de la Asociación Inter-nacional de Abogados y Ju-ristas Judíos Marcos Arnoldo Grabivker será distinguido hoy por la Delegación de Asociaciones Israelitas Ar-gentinas (DAIA). Según informó la institución la distinción a Grabivker se debe a “su trayectoria comu-
nitaria, académica y jurídica, y por su permanente contri-bución en la lucha por una sociedad más justa, igualita-ria y respetuosa de los dere-chos humanos”. Van a estar presente además titular de la DAIA, Aldo Donzis, el car-denal Jorge Bergoglio, la presidente de la Corte Su-prema de Justicia de Israel, Dorit Beinisch, posiblemente
el de la Argentina, Ricardo Lorenzetti, y la embajadora de EE.UU. en este país, Vil-ma Martínez. Y habrá tambi-én 200 invitados especiales. Grabivker es también presi-dente de la Sección de Ad-ministración de justicia de la Federación Interamericana de Abogados.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • SÜDDEUTSCHE ZEITUNG (BL) • POLITIK • 13/7/2011 • 06:15:00
Politik kompakt: Libysche Rebellen sollen Zivilisten angegriffen haben Sie kämpfen gegen ein un-menschliches Regime, doch human rights Watch lastet den Aufständischen in Lib-
yen jetzt selbst Übergriffe auf Zivilisten an: Die Rebel-len sollen Häuser angezündet
und Krankenhäuser geplün-dert haben. Die Menschenrechtsgruppe human rights Watch (HRW)
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wirft den Rebellen in Libyen vor, in den Bergen im Wes-ten des Landes Häuser, Geschäfte und medizinische Einrichtungen zerstört und geplündert zu haben. Außerdem sollen die Aufständischen einige Mens-chen geschlagen haben, die angeblich die Regierungs-truppen unterstützt hätten. Die Organisation forderte die Kommandeure der Rebellen auf, ihre Truppen für die Zerstörung privaten Eigen-tums zur Rechenschaft zu ziehen. Der stellvertretende Direktor von human rights Watch für den Nahen Osten und Nordafrika, Joe Stork, sagte: "Die Oppositionsfü-hrer sollten alle Misshan-dlungen durch Rebellen stoppen und bestrafen." Die Aufständischen konnten in den vergangenen Monaten
Erfolge in den Nafusa-Bergen südwestlich von Tri-polis erzielen. Rebellen-kommandeure äußerten sich zunächst nicht zu den Vor-würfen. Laut HRW sollen sie einige Verstöße aber schon eingeräumt haben. Unterdessen scheinen dem libyschen Machthaber Mu-ammar al-Gaddafi die Frei-willigen auszugehen. Die staatliche Nachrichtenagen-tur Jana veröffentlichte am Mittwoch einen Aufruf an die "jungen libyschen Männer", sich für den Dienst bei der Polizei in den noch von den Gaddafi-Truppen kontrollierten Städten und Dörfern zu melden. Gesucht würden Polizisten unter an-derem für die Hauptstadt Tripolis sowie für Gharijan, Bani Walid, Sleitan, Al-Chums, Surman, Al-Sawija,
Sebrata und Sebha. In Gad-dafis Heimatregion Sirte s-cheint dagegen noch kein Mangel an Polizisten zu her-rschen. Ein Beobachter in Tripolis erklärte, etliche Polizisten hätten sich in den vergange-nen Monaten in die von den Aufständischen kontrollier-ten Gebiete abgesetzt. Einige von ihnen hätten sich den Truppen der Rebellen anges-chlossen. Union und FDP verlieren einer Umfrage zufolge an Wählergunst, israelische Fri-edensaktivisten klagen gegen ein umstrittenes Boykottge-setz und die birmanischen Streitkräfte werden beschul-digt, Gefangene als lebende Schutzschilde zu missbrau-chen. Lesen Sie auf den kommenden Seiten weitere Meldungen.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • SÜDDEUTSCHE ZEITUNG (BL) • POLITIK • 13/7/2011 • 10:42:00
Interview mit Schirin Ebadi: "Ein Analphabet zählt mehr als eine Minis-terin" Wie geht es weiter in Iran? Um die grüne Bewegung ist es ruhig geworden, dafür tobt zwischen Präsident Ahmadi-nedschad und dem geistli-chen Führer Chamenei ein Machtkampf. Die Friedensnobelpreisträgerin Schirin Ebadi über die Grün-de für diesen Konflikt, die Situation der Opposition - und die Frage, ob die Lage der iranischen Frauen doch gar nicht so schlecht ist. Seit vielen Jahren zählt Schi-rin Ebadi, 64, zu den promi-
nentesten Kritikern des ira-nischen Systems. Sie war die erste, später abgesetzte Rich-terin des Landes, saß wegen angeblicher staatsfeindlicher Umtriebe im Gefängnis - und erhielt 2003 als erste musli-mische Frau den Friedensno-belpreis. Sie engagiert sich vor allem für die Rechte der Frauen, gründete aber auch ein Kinderhilfswerk und ver-trat als Anwältin Oppositio-nelle und Menschen, die sich keinen Rechtbeistand leisten können.
Schirin Ebadi Anfang Juli in München: Im Rahmen der Redereihe "Freiheitsfelder" der Bayerischen Staatsoper sprach die iranische Mens-chenrechtsaktivistin über das Thema "Maß". Die Reihe schließt am 18. Juli mit dem Vortrag von Leoluca Orlan-do, dem als "Mafia-Jäger" bekanntgewordenen früheren Bürgermeisters von Palermo, über "Mut". Am Vorabend der Präsidentschaftswahlen im Juni 2009 verließ Ebadi Iran,
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um an einem dreitägigen Kongress in Spanien teilzu-nehmen - und kehrte danach nicht wieder zurück. Sie hat-te es nicht so geplant, doch binnen kürzester Zeit war aus Iran ein grundlegend anderes Land geworden. Das Regime knüppelte die Proteste gegen die mutmaßlichen Wahlfälschungen nieder, es gab viele Verhaftungen und Tote, die Arbeit von Nichtre-gierungsorganisationen war auf einmal verboten - schle-chte Bedingungen für eine Menschenrechtsanwältin. Seitdem lebt Ebadi im Exil in London. sueddeutsche.de: Frau Eba-di, wenn früher Freunde von Ihnen aus Iran geflohen sind, haben Sie den Kontakt zu diesen abgebrochen. Sie wa-ren für Sie wie gestorben, heißt es in Ihrer Autobiogra-phie. Nun leben Sie selbst seit zwei Jahren im Exil. Schirin Ebadi: Ich würde viel lieber in Iran leben. Aber mein Besitz wurde beschlag-nahmt, ich bekomme Todes-drohungen. Mein Mann und meine Schwester wurden verhaftet. Zwar sind sie ge-rade gegen Kaution auf frei-em Fuß, doch man hat ihnen die Pässe abgenommen. Ich kehre an dem Tag zurück, an dem ich als Anwältin politis-che Gefangene vor Gericht vertreten kann. Solange das nicht möglich ist, bin ich im Ausland nützlicher als zu Hause. sueddeutsche.de: In Iran tobt gerade ein Machtkampf zwischen dem Präsidenten Mahmud Ahmadinedschad und dem geistlichen Führer Ali Chamenei, der sich in
diversen Personalien niederschlägt. Wie schätzen Sie die Lage ein? Ebadi: Es gibt nicht nur ei-nen Machtkampf, es gibt drei sehr unterschiedliche Kon-flikte: Erstens zwischen der Bevölkerung und dem Regi-me. Zweitens zwischen den Reformkräften und den Fun-damentalisten. Und drittens unter den Fundamentalisten selbst. Vor etwa zwei Mona-ten schlug sich Chamenei, der sich lange neutral verhal-ten hatte, auf die Seite der Ahmadinedschad-Gegner. sueddeutsche.de: Was steckt hinter dieser Entscheidung? Ebadi: Es geht in erster Li-nie um politische und wirts-chaftliche Macht. Nach der Niederschlagung der Protest-bewegung im Sommer 2009 hatte Ahmadinedschad das Gefühl, aus einer besonderen Machtposition heraus agieren zu können. Das gefällt Cha-menei nicht. sueddeutsche.de: Aber den-noch stand er lange Zeit zu ihm. Hat Chamenei vielleicht gestört, dass sich Ahmadi-nedschad als Wegbereiter für den Mahdi sieht, den vers-chwundenen Imam, der gemäß der schiitischen Glau-bensvorstellung eines Tages als Erlöser auf die Erde kommt? Ebadi: Ahmadinedschad und seine Gefolgsleute waren dabei, einen Gedanken zu etablieren, der der Geistlich-keit nicht gefallen konnte. Sie wollten zeigen, dass sie die Geistlichkeit nicht brau-chen, um die Verbindung und den Kontakt mit dem Mahdi aufzunehmen, son-dern dazu selbst in der Lage
sind. Auf diese Weise schwächten sie die Position von Chamenei, der ja als Vertreter des Mahdi angese-hen wird und sich auch so verhält. Aber diese Sache ist nur ein Vorwand, ich bleibe dabei: Es geht einzig und allein um die Macht. sueddeutsche.de: In zwei Jahren ist Ahmadinedschads zweite Amtszeit vorbei, die Verfassung untersagt ihm eine erneute Kandidatur. Derzeit sieht es so aus, als ob er seinen engen Vertrauten und Freund Maschaie (des-sen Tochter ist mit Ahmadi-nedschads Sohn verheiratet; Anm. d. Red.) als Nachfolger durchsetzen möchte. Was ist Ihre Prognose: Wie entwic-kelt sich diese Auseinander-setzung? Ebadi: Das kann man seriös nicht voraussagen. Ich kann nur sagen, dass sich das Re-gime momentan in seiner schwächsten Phase befindet. Denken Sie an die Streitig-keiten unter den Mächtigen, denken Sie an die Bevölkerung, die dieses Re-gime nicht mehr will, denken Sie an die desolate wirtschaf-tliche Situation, die hohe Inflation. Schlimmer geht es nicht. sueddeutsche.de: Das klingt so, als hätte die grüne Bewe-gung doch noch Chancen auf einen Erfolg. Ebadi: Auch das lässt sich nur schwer beurteilen. Die Situation in Iran ist dermaßen desolat, dass es auch für die Oppositionsführer Mussawi und Karrubi schwer wäre, etwas zu verbessern. Aber wenn wir Veränderungen wollen, müssen wir uns dafür
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einsetzen. Ob das erfolgreich ist, steht auf einem anderen
Blatt.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • LE FIGARO (FR) • ACTUALITÉ • 13/7/2011 • 14:55:00
10.000? déversés devant le siège du PS
L homme d affaires Rachid Nekkaz a déversé 10.000 pièces d un euro devant le siège du Parti socialiste, rue de Solférino à Paris, pour dénoncer la cotisation d un euro exigée par le parti pour participer au vote de la pri-maire socialiste. "C est l ar-gent sale de la primaire", a déclaré Nekkaz, en déversant les pièces, contenues dans un seau et une petite corbeille à papier, sous le regard cons-terné d une poignée de sala-riés et militants du PS, "é-
coeurés de voir de l argent jeté comme ça alors que des gens crèvent la dalle", selon les mots de l un d entre eux."Je condamne la décision du Parti socialiste de se com-porter comme un proxénète. Le PS considère les électeurs comme des prostituées", a déclaré Nekkaz, lui-même militant socialiste du 16e arrondissement, qui avait annoncé à la fin juin sa can-didature à la primaire du PS. Brandissant devant la presse des pancartes sur lesquelles
on pouvait lire "Non au re-tour du vote payant" ou enco-re "Retour du vote réservé aux riches", Nekkaz a dénon-cé "la violation de la sacrali-té du vote gratuit". "Le coût de la primaire est évalué à 1 million d euros. J ai proposé au PS de lui faire un prêt sans intérêt sur 50 ans, ils ont refusé", a-t-il regretté, affir-mant avoir déposé des cour-riers en ce sens à la mairie de Lille et au siège du PS.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • LE FIGARO (FR) • ACTUALITÉ • 13/7/2011 • 16:21:00
Lefebvre: "Le PS est sur un mirage" Le secrétaire d Etat à la con-sommation, Frédéric Lefeb-vre, a estimé dans une inter-view au site des Echos que "le projet économique du PS risquerait de conduire la France dans le mur". "Sans être binairen je trouve ce projet inadéquat. Il ne cor-respond pas au monde de 2011 et risquerait de condui-re la France dans le mur", a déclaré le secrétaire d E-tat.Pour lui, "les solutions préconisées (par le PS) pen-dant la crise ajoutées aux propositions pour accompag-
ner la sortie de crise nous mettraient sur une trajectoire identique à celle des plus mauvais élèves européens". M. Lefebvre épingle plus particulièrement la "nationa-lisation des banques" et la "baisse générale de la TVA" qui "auraient été des soluti-ons coûteuses - 30 milliards d euros au total pour les deux mesures - et inefficaces". "Revenir sur la réforme des retraites coûterait 20 milli-ards par an si, comme l opi-nion l a compris, le PS abro-geait la réforme que nous
avons menée. Ajoutez les milliards fléchés dans le pro-jet du PS pour financer les emplois jeunes et l on est sur une trajectoire de finances publiques à la grecque, ou à la portugaise. Pouvons-nous prendre le risque d une sortie de route pour notre pays ?", poursuit M. Lefebvre. Il considère qu "hier comme aujourd hui, le PS est sur le mirage de la dépense publi-que", et y voit pour "preuve" le "refus de principe des so-cialistes de voter la règle d or".
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La règle d or consiste à ins-crire dans la Constitution de la Vème République des
"lois-cadres d équilibre des finances publiques" prévo-yant en trois ans minimum le
retour à l équilibre budgétai-re.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • LE FIGARO (FR) • ÉCONOMIE • 13/7/2011 • 14:48:00
Perspectives de croissance à la baisse Les perspectives de croissan-ce françaises pour 2012 se détériorent, montrent mer-credi une enquête Reuters, ce qui pourrait empêcher le gouvernement d atteindre son objectif de réduction du défi-cit alors que celui-ci devient l un des enjeux phares de la pré-campagne pour l élection présidentielle.La médiane des prévisions d une vingtai-ne d économistes interrogés début juillet montre que le produit intérieur brut (PIB) ne devrait progresser que de 1,7% en 2012, contre 1,8% attendu lors de l enquête pré-cédente en avril. Cette nou-velle révision à la baisse du consensus, la troisième con-sécutive, confirme que la deuxième économie de la zone euro perd peu à peu de son élan, sur fond d austérité budgétaire et de persistance d un chômage supérieur à la moyenne des Dix-Sept. Et les estimations des éco-nomistes s éloignent de la prévision de 2,25% du gou-
vernement, censée permettre de ramener les déficits pu-blics à 4,6% du PIB l an pro-chain, puis l année suivante à 3%, le plafond prévu par le Traité de Maastricht. Pour 2011 en revanche, les économistes interrogés ont revu à la hausse leurs pronos-tics et le consensus atteint désormais 2,0% contre 1,7% il y a trois mois, pour prendre en compte la croissance de 0,9% - supérieure aux atten-tes - enregistrée au premier trimestre. "La croissance du PIB ne sera une nouvelle fois proba-blement guère mieux que modeste en 2012, ce qui em-pêchera la France d atteindre son objectif de réduction de dette", estiment les analystes de DZ Bank Research. Selon la médiane des prévisions des économistes, les déficits français devraient représenter 5,9% du PIB cette année, contre 6,0% attendu en avril. Une amélioration qui a jus-tement un prix: les mesures d
austérité destinées à contenir les déficits pénalisent le pou-voir d achat des consomma-teurs alors que l inflation et le chômage réduisent le po-tentiel de croissance. Ainsi les analystes interrogés s attendent à ce que les déficits atteignent encore 5,0% du PIB l an prochain, dépassant ainsi de 0,4 point l objectif prévu par le "programme de stabilité" transmis par Paris aux autorités européennes. La lutte contre les déficits est l un des principaux argu-ments mis en avant par le camp de Nicolas Sarkozy face à l opposition socialiste. La majorité présidentielle a ainsi approuvé l inscription dans la Constitution d une "règle d or" limitant les défi-cits, une réforme qui nécessi-te un vote aux trois cinquièmes des parlementai-res réunis en Congrès pour être définitivement adoptée, ce qui suppose un vote favo-rable d élus d opposition.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • LE FIGARO (FR) • ÉCONOMIE • 13/7/2011 • 13:37:00
Règle d'or:décision "pas prise" (Pécresse) Nicolas Sarkozy n a pas en-core pris de décision concer-nant une convocation du Congrès pour inscrire dans la Constitution des règles de retour à l équilibre budgétai-re, qui ont reçu mercredi l aval définitif du Parlement, a indiqué la porte-parole du gouvernement Valérie Pé-cresse. "La décision finale appartient au président de la République. Mais la décision n est pas prise à ce jour", a déclaré Valérie Pécresse en rendant compte à la presse des travaux du Conseil des ministres.
"Le Premier ministre (Fran-çois Fillon) a réaffirmé son souhait de voir le Congrès se tenir" lors du Conseil des ministres, a ajouté Mme Pé-cresse."C est avec la plus grande satisfaction que nous avons appris pendant le Con-seil des ministres que cette règle venait d être adoptée dans les mêmes termes par le Sénat et par l Assemblée, et le président a salué le travail accompli par les deux cham-bres", a-t-elle poursuivi. La ministre du Budget en a pro-fité pour dénoncer à nouveau le refus de la gauche de voter cette réforme. "Le Parti soci-
aliste est singulièrement isolé en Europe et dans le monde dans son opposition à cette règle", a-t-elle déploré. "Je crois qu aujourd hui nous avons un Parti socialiste mis face à ses responsabilités et je crois qu aujourd hui un homme et une femme d Etat votent la règle d or. De ce point de vue, on pourrait dire que François Hollande et Martine Aubry n ont pas en-core réussi leur brevet de crédibilité économique", a lancé Mme Pécresse à l en-droit des deux candidats à la primaire du PS.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • LE FIGARO (FR) • ÉCONOMIE • 13/7/2011 • 12:54:00
L'UE enquête sur l'aéroport de Marseille La Commission européenne a annoncé mercredi l ouver-ture d une enquête "appro-fondie" sur des aides publi-ques accordées à l aéroports de Marseille, en raison de doutes sur leur légalité. Le gendarme européen de la concurrence a dit dans un communiqué avoir des "ré-serves" sur les subventions pour un montant de 7,57 mil-lions d euros accordées à l aéroport de Marseille pour financer son terminal réservé aux compagnies aériennes à bas prix.Les réduction de redevances consenties aux compagnies aériennes utili-
sant ce terminal et les remi-ses accordées pour l ouvertu-re de nouvelles liaisons pour-raient procurer un avantage indu aux bénéficiaires, esti-me la Commission. Bruxelles veut enfin étudier une plainte concernant un contrat publi-citaire signé par la Chambre locale de commerce avec Airport Marketing Services, une filiale à 100% de la compagnie à bas prix Ryana-ir, utilisatrice du terminal. Selon le plaignant, non iden-tifié, le contrat est "surfactu-ré", précise la Commission. "Dans certaines conditions et circonstances, les aides d
Etat constituent un instru-ment approprié pour déve-lopper de petits aéroports régionaux et des services de transport aérien. Toutefois, la Commission a également le devoir d éviter toute distor-sion de la concurrence au sein du marché unique de l UE et, en Europe, certains aéroports régionaux ne sont plus si petits ou si récents", a expliqué le commissaire en charge de la Concurrence Joaquin Almunia. L aéroport de Marseille est le quatrième plus grand aéro-port du pays pour le transport de passagers. La Commission
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a également annoncé enquê-ter sur des aides publiques accordées à l aéroport de Francfort-Hahn, dixième plus grand aéroport d Allemagne pour le transport de passa-gers, cinquième pour le fret et le 21e aéroport en Europe.
Une troisième enquête a été ouverte sur une taxe irlandai-se sur les passagers qui béné-ficie presque exclusivement aux vols intérieurs. La Commission veut vérifier que l aide n a pas d effets négatifs pour les concurrents
qui doivent fonctionner sans soutien public. Quant aux taxes sur les passagers, elles ne doivent pas créer de dis-crimination entre les com-pagnies et les différentes catégories de passagers.
JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • LE FIGARO (FR) • ACTUALITÉ • 13/7/2011 • 06:13:00
La Birmanie utilise des forçats (HRW) La Birmanie utilise des pri-sonniers comme "mules hu-maines" pour transporter du matériel dans les zones de combat entre l armée et les rebelles des minorités ethni-ques, a dénoncé l organisati-on américaine human rights Watch. Selon HRW, des détenus sont enrôlés de force, servent de boucliers humains et font l objet de torture et d exécu-tions sommaires."Les déte-nus porteurs sont fondamen-talement des mules humaines pour l armée birmane. Ils doivent emmener ces équi-pements très lourds à travers des zones minées", a expli-qué Elaine Pearson, directri-ce-adjointe de HRW en Asie, en présentant le rapport "Dans le couloir de la mort" sur l est de la Birmanie.
Selon elle, de tels éléments renforcent la nécessité d une enquête internationale. "Le traitement brutal des détenus porteurs sur les lignes de front ne constitue qu un des crimes de guerre en cours", a-t-elle martelé. "Les autres comprennent les attaques délibérées de (...) civils, les tueries extra-judiciaires, les délocalisati-ons forcées, la torture, le viol et l utilisation d enfants-soldats". De nombreux groupes mino-ritaires, qui représentent un tiers des 50 millions d habi-tants de la Birmanie, n ont jamais pacifié leurs rapports avec le pouvoir central de-puis l indépendance en 1948. Depuis, une guerre civile oppose la capitale à certains de ces groupes, qui réclament plus de droits et d autonomie.
Fin 2010, des analystes craignaient une offensive massive de l armée birmane, accusée de vouloir mater les dernières rébellions une fois achevées ses réformes Cons-titutionnelles post-électorales. Le recours aux détenus de nombreuses prisons du pays est une "pratique systémati-que" avec des ordres venus de "haut niveau", a insisté David Mathieson, spécialiste de la Birmanie pour HRW. Le mois dernier, les Etats-Unis se sont déclarés prêts à favoriser la création d une commission d enquête inter-nationale sur les atteintes aux droits de l homme en Birma-nie, comme l avait suggéré l an passé le rapporteur spécial de l ONU, Tomas Ojea Quin-tana.
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JUSTIÇA NO EXTERIOR • EL PERUANO (SP) • OPINIÓN • 13/7/2011
La PNP y el nuevo Código Procesal Penal
Edhín Campos B. Juez pe-nal de Talara Mucha preocupación causa en la opinión pública las di-ferentes declaraciones de importantes mandos policia-les,sobre el funcionamiento del nuevo Código Procesal Penal (NCPP), puesto en vigencia en 16 distritos judi-ciales del país. Ellos han planteado la nece-sidad de evaluar las bondades y eficacias y también los inconvenientes del nuevo Código, y a partir de allí han surgido discrepancias institu-cionales entre la Policía Na-cional, el Ministerio Público, Ministerio de Justicia y Po-der Judicial. La PNP ha sugerido dos iniciativas le-gislativas para la reforma del Código, toda vez que consi-deran que este instrumento jurídico es demasiado garan-tista, pues favorece en dema-sía al imputado y a su aboga-do defensor, al concederle demasiados derechos, entre ellos el silencio o el cambio de declaración testimonial Además, se ha propuesto una Comisión Multisectorial para que realice un diagnóstico de la aplicación del NCPP para ver sus efectos en la reducci-ón de la delincuencia. Saludamos y comprendemos las iniciativas y la preocupa-ción de la Policía Nacional sobre la lucha contra el cri-men organizado, sobre todo en sus modalidades más per-judiciales contra la sociedad;
sin embargo, es importante tener en cuenta, que todo cambio de modelo procesal requiere de un cambio de mentalidad y de nuevos pa-radigmas. En el sistema anterior, la investigación preliminar es-taba cuasi a dedicación ex-clusiva de la Policía Nacio-nal, ahora tenemos al Minis-terio Público que se encarga de la dirección de la investi-gación criminal, con la fina-lidad de vigilar con mayor rigor para que no se violen los derechos fundamentales de los imputados. El nuevo modelo procesal penal tiene por objetivo que la investigación preliminar, la investigación preparatoria, intermedia y la etapa de juz-gamiento se realicen bajo el irrestricto derecho a la defen-sa, tutela jurisdiccional efec-tiva y la garantía constitucio-nal del debido proceso. Estas disposiciones no me-noscaban la importante inter-vención de la PNP, su trabajo es y será muy importante; sin embargo, debemos tener en cuenta que la investigación, y por ende la justicia, no es patrimonio ni de exclusiva competencia de la institución policial, sino que comparte responsabilidades con el Mi-nisterio Público, Defensoría Pública, Poder Judicial e Instituto Nacional Penitenci-ario. Todas estas instituciones están involucradas en la ad-
ministración de justicia en el Perú. Ninguna institución es más que otra, frente a la lucha contra el crimen organizado y la delincuencia, debe exis-tir una coordinación de tipo horizontal, a fin de que el trabajo sea más práctico y eficaz. Cuando sucedieron los pri-meros problemas de aplica-ción del NCPP en Huaura, entre la Policía Nacional y el Ministerio Público, ambas instituciones dialogaron y llegaron a algunos acuerdos muy importantes. La PNP se comprometió a cumplir con el mandato de comunicar de inmediato al Ministerio Público las de-nuncias hechas en las comi-sarías, los hallazgos de indi-cios materiales del delito y la detención de las personas. Igualmente, se comprometió a no realizar investigaciones, sin haberlas comunicado al MP en la manera como se solían hacer en el anterior modelo procesal. Por su parte, el Ministerio Público se comprometió en facilitar a la PNP el regla-mento sobre la cadena de custodia, a fin de facilitar su aplicación, y los problemas y descoordinaciones se fueron solucionando y ahora ambas instituciones trabajan en forma muy fluida y orgánica en el mencionado distrito judicial. Este mismo proce-
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dimiento puede aplicarse en las otras jurisdicciones.
PODER JUDICIÁRIO • PRENSA LATINA (AR) • NOTÍCIAS • 13/7/2011 • 14:54:00
Preparam mudanças na justiça equatoriana após resultados de consulta
Pedro Rioseco Quito, 13 jul (Prensa Latina) A proclamação dos resulta-dos oficiais do referendo e consulta popular de 7 de maio no Equador abre portas à reestruturação do sistema judicial ordenada por manda-to popular, e a incrementar a luta contra a corrupção e insegurança. Assim o considerou o chan-celer equatoriano, Ricardo Patiño, ao qualificar o resul-tado, esperado por mais de dois meses por manobras da oposição, de um passo fun-damental para concretar as mudanças na reestruturação da justiça e a luta contra a corrupção. As 10 perguntas da consulta popular, todas aprovadas, propõem também a penaliza-ção do enriquecimento pri-vado não justificado, pelo qual Patiño disse que agora se poderá extraditar a quem defraudaram ao país em 1999 durante o chamado "feriado bancário".
"Agora esses que se enrique-ciam ilicitamente terão me-lhor que buscar outro lugar, (porque) aqui os vamos per-seguir como delinquentes. Aqui já não há esse marco, esse guarda-chuva, que favo-recia a impunidade", disse Patiño. Outro dos temas que ressal-tou o também membro do birô político do dirigente Movimento Aliança PAIS, é a intenção do Governo de reestruturar o sistema de jus-tiça. "Todo mundo reconhece que o sistema de justiça está co-lapsado. E agora, como o Presidente Rafael Correa tem dito: não vamos meter a mão na justiça senão na injustiça, na corrupção, para que isso se supere", sublinhou. O Chanceler deplorou a série de obstáculos que pôs a opo-sição, antes, durante e após a consulta, com apelações e impugnações que atrasaram a proclamação dos resultados, apesar de que o Conselho
Eleitoral concluiu o escrutí-nio em 18 de maio. Um das primeiras mudanças a implementar é a conforma-ção de um Conselho Triparti-te que substitui ao Conselho do Judiciário e, em 18 me-ses, tem a tarefa de reestrutu-rar todo o sistema de justiça. Este Conselho Tripartita es-tará conformado por um de-legado do Executivo, um da Assembleia e um represen-tante da Função de Transpa-rência e Controle Social, e o atual Conselho do Judiciário deixará de existir com a pu-blicação no Registro Oficial dos resultados da consulta popular. O Presidente Correa desig-nou como delegado do Exe-cutivo a Paulo Rodríguez, ex diretor do Registro Civil. A Assembleia Nacional começa hoje seus debates para eleger um representante por maioria simples, e em breve deve fazê-lo a Função de Transpa-rência.
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ÍNDICE REMISSIVO DE ASSUNTOS
Direito Internacional, 197 Juristas, 438 Ministério Público, 12, 173, 174, 175, 358, 365 Ministério Público Federal, 12, 173, 174 Poder Judiciário, 366 procurador-geral da República, 8, 173, 174,
175, 358, 365 STF, 0, 4, 173, 174, 175, 278
STJ, 196 Supremo Tribunal Federal, 0, 173, 174, 175, 278 TJ, 13, 108, 160, 174, 367 Tribunal de Justiça, 13, 108, 174, 196 TRT, 409 TSE, 109, 364
