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High Efficiency Sediment basins could reduce stormwater quality treatment infrastructure costs by $5.4 billion in South East Queensland over the next 30 year Steve Dudgeon steve.dudgeon@o2.com.au

Steve Dudgeon steve.dudgeon@o 2.com - Stormwater NSW€¦ · Steve Dudgeon steve.dudgeon@o‐2.com.au. Offices in Toowoomba, Brisbane and Sunshine Coast. Introduction • Cost of

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Page 1: Steve Dudgeon steve.dudgeon@o 2.com - Stormwater NSW€¦ · Steve Dudgeon steve.dudgeon@o‐2.com.au. Offices in Toowoomba, Brisbane and Sunshine Coast. Introduction • Cost of

High Efficiency Sediment basins could reduce stormwater quality treatment infrastructure costs by $5.4 billion in South East Queensland over the next 30 year

Steve Dudgeonsteve.dudgeon@o‐2.com.au

Page 2: Steve Dudgeon steve.dudgeon@o 2.com - Stormwater NSW€¦ · Steve Dudgeon steve.dudgeon@o‐2.com.au. Offices in Toowoomba, Brisbane and Sunshine Coast. Introduction • Cost of

Offices in Toowoomba, Brisbane and Sunshine Coast

Page 3: Steve Dudgeon steve.dudgeon@o 2.com - Stormwater NSW€¦ · Steve Dudgeon steve.dudgeon@o‐2.com.au. Offices in Toowoomba, Brisbane and Sunshine Coast. Introduction • Cost of

Introduction• Cost of bioretentions in SEQ for the next 30 years• TSS contributions from development for both construction 

and operational phases• Preferred solution to improve outcomes at similar costs• Likelihood of success of adoption of preferred solution • Cost effective solution that provides environmental, spatial 

and temporal equivalence

Page 4: Steve Dudgeon steve.dudgeon@o 2.com - Stormwater NSW€¦ · Steve Dudgeon steve.dudgeon@o‐2.com.au. Offices in Toowoomba, Brisbane and Sunshine Coast. Introduction • Cost of

SEQ broad scale costs The total area of broadhectare land available in SEQ for residential development is 39,120 hectares with an expected dwelling yield of 450,000. 

Using Water by Design (2014) cost figures the total cost for bioretention basins will be $5.5 billion, including a $1.6 billion cost to councils. Based on these calculations the cost per dwelling is $12,222.

Page 5: Steve Dudgeon steve.dudgeon@o 2.com - Stormwater NSW€¦ · Steve Dudgeon steve.dudgeon@o‐2.com.au. Offices in Toowoomba, Brisbane and Sunshine Coast. Introduction • Cost of

Alternative cost effective stormwater quality solutions 

South East Queensland (SEQ) councils are currently looking for alternative cost effective stormwater quality solutions that achieve environmental equivalence to the currently accepted stormwater quality treatment best management practices.

Such as utilising offsite offsets such as streambank erosion restoration and/or onsite offsets such as High Efficiency Sediment (HES) basins.

Page 6: Steve Dudgeon steve.dudgeon@o 2.com - Stormwater NSW€¦ · Steve Dudgeon steve.dudgeon@o‐2.com.au. Offices in Toowoomba, Brisbane and Sunshine Coast. Introduction • Cost of

Abatement CostsWaterbyDesign (2014) recently produced TSS abatement cost curves. Example costs for abatement of sediment include ‐

Bioretention – average cost $4,583/tonne

Wetland – average cost $10,322/tonne

Riparian Revegetation – average cost $16,754/tonne

Stream bank erosion mitigation works  $500/tonne (per comm. SEQ Catchments) and HES basins $100/tonne

Page 7: Steve Dudgeon steve.dudgeon@o 2.com - Stormwater NSW€¦ · Steve Dudgeon steve.dudgeon@o‐2.com.au. Offices in Toowoomba, Brisbane and Sunshine Coast. Introduction • Cost of

BLIGH TANNER

Construction phase on a 10 ha site at 100t/ha/yr = 1000t

Operational phase over 30 years on a 10ha site at 1.3t/ha/yr = 390t

Construction phase produces 2.5 times more TSS in 1 year compared to 30 years of operational phase

Page 8: Steve Dudgeon steve.dudgeon@o 2.com - Stormwater NSW€¦ · Steve Dudgeon steve.dudgeon@o‐2.com.au. Offices in Toowoomba, Brisbane and Sunshine Coast. Introduction • Cost of

Preferred solution to improve outcomes at similar costs

Strategy  •Install High Efficiency Sediment basins during construction and bioretention during operational phase.•Correctly designed and managed traditional sediment basins installed during the construction phase of development only remove 30% of TSS. •HES basins are capable of treating a far greater volume of runoff than a traditional sediment basin, and remove over 90% of TSS

Page 9: Steve Dudgeon steve.dudgeon@o 2.com - Stormwater NSW€¦ · Steve Dudgeon steve.dudgeon@o‐2.com.au. Offices in Toowoomba, Brisbane and Sunshine Coast. Introduction • Cost of

High‐Efficiency Sediment (HES) BasinsRunoff Dosed with Coagulant at Inflow to Basin

Sediment drops out along basin length

Treated runoff discharges from basin via decant system

WINNER ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION 2014

Page 10: Steve Dudgeon steve.dudgeon@o 2.com - Stormwater NSW€¦ · Steve Dudgeon steve.dudgeon@o‐2.com.au. Offices in Toowoomba, Brisbane and Sunshine Coast. Introduction • Cost of

TSS contributions from development for both construction and operational phases

High Efficiency Sediment Basins (HES) during construction can achieve in 1 year the equivalent pollutant load reduction of 30 years operation of a bioretention basin.

Graph shows modelled load reduction for a 10 ha site for both construction and operational and construction

Page 11: Steve Dudgeon steve.dudgeon@o 2.com - Stormwater NSW€¦ · Steve Dudgeon steve.dudgeon@o‐2.com.au. Offices in Toowoomba, Brisbane and Sunshine Coast. Introduction • Cost of

Additional treatment capacity of a HES basin

Additional Treatment Capacity of HES Basins (Hatched Yellow Area) and Offset Potential (5ha site)

Page 12: Steve Dudgeon steve.dudgeon@o 2.com - Stormwater NSW€¦ · Steve Dudgeon steve.dudgeon@o‐2.com.au. Offices in Toowoomba, Brisbane and Sunshine Coast. Introduction • Cost of

Additional treatment capacity of a HES basin

Long Term Runoff Treatment Comparison

Page 13: Steve Dudgeon steve.dudgeon@o 2.com - Stormwater NSW€¦ · Steve Dudgeon steve.dudgeon@o‐2.com.au. Offices in Toowoomba, Brisbane and Sunshine Coast. Introduction • Cost of

Recent results at Sunshine Coast

‐Treated 131mm‐Maximum outflow turbidity of 31 NTU ‐Average outflow turbidity of 9 NTU

Page 14: Steve Dudgeon steve.dudgeon@o 2.com - Stormwater NSW€¦ · Steve Dudgeon steve.dudgeon@o‐2.com.au. Offices in Toowoomba, Brisbane and Sunshine Coast. Introduction • Cost of

Cost comparison of preferred strategy

Analysis is based on a 1 ML basin requiring 20 treatments per year 

Page 15: Steve Dudgeon steve.dudgeon@o 2.com - Stormwater NSW€¦ · Steve Dudgeon steve.dudgeon@o‐2.com.au. Offices in Toowoomba, Brisbane and Sunshine Coast. Introduction • Cost of

Preferred strategy outcomes

Based on a 10 ha in SEQ

Phase Load (t)

Reduction Load Captured (t)

Construction 1000t 90% 900t

Operational 390t 80% 312t

Total 1,212t

HES Basin + Bio

Phase Load (t)

Reduction Load Captured (t)

Construction 1000t 30% 300t

Operational 390t 80% 312t

Total 612t

Traditional Basin + Bio

Page 16: Steve Dudgeon steve.dudgeon@o 2.com - Stormwater NSW€¦ · Steve Dudgeon steve.dudgeon@o‐2.com.au. Offices in Toowoomba, Brisbane and Sunshine Coast. Introduction • Cost of

Low likelihood uptakeCivil contractors don't dewater as it can incur the cost of buying water for dust suppression and its an expense to flocculate and discharge a sediment basin. 

If a standard sediment basin is dewatered after 10 or 15 days instead of 5 as required then the best sediment load reduction possible is reduced from 30% to 14%, and 5% respectively. 

Page 17: Steve Dudgeon steve.dudgeon@o 2.com - Stormwater NSW€¦ · Steve Dudgeon steve.dudgeon@o‐2.com.au. Offices in Toowoomba, Brisbane and Sunshine Coast. Introduction • Cost of

Low likelihood uptake cont.

ESC and sediment basin dewatering is very poorly regulated by both Councils and State government and efforts have been decreasing over the last 10 years. 

Water by Design (2013) undertook a benchmarking assessment of ESC on land development on 57 sites for 6 SEQ councils and found only 5% of sites were substantially compliant.

Page 18: Steve Dudgeon steve.dudgeon@o 2.com - Stormwater NSW€¦ · Steve Dudgeon steve.dudgeon@o‐2.com.au. Offices in Toowoomba, Brisbane and Sunshine Coast. Introduction • Cost of

Example of preferred strategy

Stockland's committed to using HES basins at Caloundra South Master Planned Community (2,310ha) due to high value receiving environment and passionate local community support for higher levels of protection.

A pilot project demonstrated that a 150mm event over 2 days was treated with no overtops and event grab samples showed concentration reduction as:TSS ‐ 98%TP – 95%TN – 45%

Page 19: Steve Dudgeon steve.dudgeon@o 2.com - Stormwater NSW€¦ · Steve Dudgeon steve.dudgeon@o‐2.com.au. Offices in Toowoomba, Brisbane and Sunshine Coast. Introduction • Cost of

Alternative cost effective strategy – Onsite offset

O2 have recently begun discussion with 2 SEQ Councils regarding an onsite offset pilot project. One initial comment I received from an industry leading SEQ WSUD expert was.‘I have to admit I was a little shocked and confronted by your proposal. However now that I’ve had some time to think about it I would really like to explore it further’

Strategy  ‐ install HES basins during construction and do not install bioretention basins. This will achieve equivalent or better environmental, temporal and spatial outcome for 45 times less cost.

Page 20: Steve Dudgeon steve.dudgeon@o 2.com - Stormwater NSW€¦ · Steve Dudgeon steve.dudgeon@o‐2.com.au. Offices in Toowoomba, Brisbane and Sunshine Coast. Introduction • Cost of

TSS suitable metric or currency for off‐site or onsite solutions

The Water by Design (2014) discussion paper contends that ‐TSS may be a suitable metric or currency for off‐site (or onsite) solutions. This is because:•There is better data on the efficacy of a range of management actions in abating TSS, and from diffuse sources compared to other options.•There is a reasonable correlation between TSS and TP, and a fair correlation with TN.•The abatement cost curves show that only a few management practices have quite low TN or TP removal rates relative to their TSS reduction.•Nearly all aquatic ecosystems are sensitive to TSS, while sensitivity to TN and TP tends to vary depending on whether environments are N or P limited.

Page 21: Steve Dudgeon steve.dudgeon@o 2.com - Stormwater NSW€¦ · Steve Dudgeon steve.dudgeon@o‐2.com.au. Offices in Toowoomba, Brisbane and Sunshine Coast. Introduction • Cost of

Environmental equivalence and cost reductionIn SEQ over 30 years, 909,500 tonnes of TSS will be produced from the operational phase and 3.9 million tonnes of TSS from the construction phase.

Bioretention basins cost an average of $4,583/tonne (Water by Design 2014) whilst HES basins only cost $100/tonne. To mitigate 909,500 of TSS using bioretention would cost $4.2 billion compared to $91 million for HES basins (46 times more cost effective).

Graph of 10ha site showing load treatment and cost comparisons for constriction and operational phases

Page 22: Steve Dudgeon steve.dudgeon@o 2.com - Stormwater NSW€¦ · Steve Dudgeon steve.dudgeon@o‐2.com.au. Offices in Toowoomba, Brisbane and Sunshine Coast. Introduction • Cost of

Environmental equivalence and cost reduction cont.This strategy will save the councils and developers $4 billion over 30 years with no ongoing maintenance or renewal cost for councils and would also reduce dwelling costs by approximately $9,000.

Page 23: Steve Dudgeon steve.dudgeon@o 2.com - Stormwater NSW€¦ · Steve Dudgeon steve.dudgeon@o‐2.com.au. Offices in Toowoomba, Brisbane and Sunshine Coast. Introduction • Cost of

HowLoads captured should be measured. This will require the HES basin to have flow, turbidity probes and event sampler at the inflow and outflow (which is standard design already). 

Councils can take Voluntary Water Quality Offset Payment (VWQOP) in lieu of installing a bioretention or reduce size of treatment.

The contribution can be refunded based on TSS captured and agreed rate of $/tonne of TSS. This would be in excess of what would have been captured by a traditional basin (30% of construction load).

Page 24: Steve Dudgeon steve.dudgeon@o 2.com - Stormwater NSW€¦ · Steve Dudgeon steve.dudgeon@o‐2.com.au. Offices in Toowoomba, Brisbane and Sunshine Coast. Introduction • Cost of

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