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Steps in Historical Research
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7/21/2019 Steps in Historical Research
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/steps-in-historical-research 1/16
Steps Involved in
Historical Research
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Four Essential Steps
Defning the problem
Locating relevant sources
Summarizing inormationobtained rom historical sources
Evaluation o historical sources
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Step 1 Defning !he"roblem
!he purpose o a historical stud# is todescribe clearl# and accuratel# some
aspect o the past as it related toeducation and$or schooling% Historicalresearch aim more than to &ust describe'the# (ant to go be#ond description to
clari# and e)plain* and sometimes tocorrect%
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Step 1 Defning !he"roblem
1% !he# should be clearl# and concisel#stated* manageable* have adeensible rationale* and +i possible,investigate a h#pothesizedrelationship among variables
-% . problem ma# be selected or stud#
(hich insu/cient data are available
a% 0ten important data o interest+certain inds o documents* such as
diaries or maps* rom a particular period,
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Step 1 Defning !he"roblem
2% It is better to stud# a (ell3defnedproblem in depth that is perhaps more
narro(4% Rather than a more broadl# statedproblem that cannot be sharpl# defned*or ull# resolved
5% !he nature o the problem orh#pothesis guides the stud#
6% I it is (ell defned* the investigator is
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Step - LocatingRelevant Sources
0nce a researcher has decided on the problemor the 8uestion he or she (ishes to investigate*the search or sources begins% In general*ho(ever* historical source material can begrouped into our basic categories
1% Documents
-% 9umerical Records
2% 0ral Statements
4% Relics
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Documents
.re (ritten or printed materials thathave been produced in some orm or
another%
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E)amples
.nnual Reports
:oos
;ourt records
Diaries
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E)amples
Diplomas
9e(spapers
<agazines
=earboos
<emos
!ests
E!;%
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9umerical Records
9umerical or 8uantitative records can beconsidered either as a separate t#pe o
source in and o themselves or as asubcategor# o documents
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E)amples
!est scores
.ttendance fgures
;ensus reports
School budgets
E!;%
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0ral Statements
3 Stories* m#ths* tales* legends* chants*songs* and other orm o oral e)pression
have been used b# people do(n throughthe ages to leave a record or uturegenerations
3 Historians also conduct oral intervie(s(ith people (ho (ere a part o or(itnessed past events
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Relics
.n# ob&ect (hose ph#sical or visualcharacteristics can provide some
inormation about the past%
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E)amples
urniture
art(or
clothing
buildings
monuments
e8uipment
E!;%
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"rimar# vs% Secondar#Sources
"rimar# source 3 Is one prepared b# anindividual (ho (as a participant in or a direct(itness to the event being described
Secondar# source 3 . document prepared b#an individual (ho (as not a direct (itness toan event* but obtained his or her description
o the event rom someone else
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"rimar# vs% Secondar#Sources
>henever possible* historians +lie otherresearchers, (ant to use primar# rather thansecondar# sources
?nortunatel#* primar# sources areadmittedl# more di/cult to ac8uire*especiall# the urther bac in time the
researcher searches
Secondar# sources are o necessit#*thereore* used 8uite e)tensivel# in historicalresearch