Step Up to: PsychologyStep Up to: Psychologyby John J. Schulte, Psy.D.by John J. Schulte, Psy.D.

Psychology, Psychology, Ninth EditionNinth Edition

by David G. Myersby David G. Myers

Worth PublishersWorth Publishers

(2010)(2010)

Chapter 12: Emotions, Chapter 12: Emotions, Stress, and HealthStress, and Health

What a Rush!

Let’s Get Physical

Show Your Feelings

Stressed Out?

What Can I Do?

100

200

300

400

500

What a Rush!

100

200

300

400

500

Let’s Get Physical

100

200

300

400

500

Show Your Feelings

100

200

300

400

500

Stressed Out?

100

200

300

400

500

What Can I Do?

1. The belief that emotions are 1. The belief that emotions are experienced following physical experienced following physical responses is the:responses is the:

• A) the two-factor theory.

• B) the Cannon-Bard theory.

• C) the James-Lange theory.

• D) self-efficacy theory.

2. The idea that an emotion-arousing 2. The idea that an emotion-arousing stimulus stimulus simultaneouslysimultaneously triggers triggers physiological response and the physiological response and the subjective experience of emotion is:subjective experience of emotion is:

• A) the James-Lange theory.

• B) the Cannon-Bard theory.

• C) the two-factor theory.

• D) the three-factor theory.

3. The two-factor theory of emotion 3. The two-factor theory of emotion differs from the James-Lange and the differs from the James-Lange and the Cannon-Bard in that:Cannon-Bard in that:

• A) physiological arousal is not always necessary.

• B) emotional experience precedes physiological arousal.

• C) physiological arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously.

• D) a cognitive label precedes emotional experience.

4. When aroused, your heart rate 4. When aroused, your heart rate increases, your pupils dilate, and you increases, your pupils dilate, and you may sweat, indicating activation of the may sweat, indicating activation of the part of your nervous system called:part of your nervous system called:

• A) the amygdala.

• B) the sympathetic nervous system.

• C) the parasympathetic nervous system.

• D) the peripheral nervous system.

5.5. A professional tennis player will A professional tennis player will usually perform better when:usually perform better when:

• A) arousal is high.

• B) arousal is low.

• C) competition is easy.

• D) he/she is more relaxed.

6. A polygraph is an instrument that 6. A polygraph is an instrument that detects:detects:

• A) lying.

• B) guilt and lies.

• C) physical responses.

• D) truth.

7. Polygraph exams are not used to 7. Polygraph exams are not used to determine guilt or innocence in court determine guilt or innocence in court because:because:

• A) they are too expensive.

• B) people do not give consent.

• C) polygraphs are fakery.

• D) 1/3 of innocent people are found guilty.

8. The expression, “Arousal fuels 8. The expression, “Arousal fuels emotion, cognition channels it,” is a emotion, cognition channels it,” is a summation of:summation of:

• A) the Schachter and Singer experiment.

• B) the Cannon-Bard theory.

• C) the James-Lange theory.

• D) how polygraphs work.

9. When you are faced with a threatening 9. When you are faced with a threatening stimulus, there is a “shortcut” neural pathway stimulus, there is a “shortcut” neural pathway to allow a speedy emotional response, and it to allow a speedy emotional response, and it runs from the:runs from the:

• A) hypothalamus to the amygdala.

• B) amygdala to the cerebral cortex.

• C) hypothalamus to the medulla.

• D) thalamus to the amygdala.

10. The amygdala sends more 10. The amygdala sends more neural impulses to the cerebral neural impulses to the cerebral cortex than it receives, resulting in: cortex than it receives, resulting in:

• A) emotions occurring before thoughts.

• B) our feelings more easily ruling our thoughts.

• C) some people becoming very anxious.

• D) confusion about what we are feeling.

11. People abused as children are more 11. People abused as children are more prone to interpret expressions in others as prone to interpret expressions in others as

anger, giving evidence that:anger, giving evidence that:

• A) abuse leads to heightened anger.

• B) abuse results in fearful people.

• C) prior experience can sensitize us to certain emotions.

• D) early childhood experiences cripple us for life.

12. Emotionally, women surpass 12. Emotionally, women surpass men in their ability to: men in their ability to:

• A) read people’s emotional cues.

• B) spot lying.

• C) tell whether two people are really in love.

• D) all of the above.

13. The ____ is more effective 13. The ____ is more effective than a polygraph machine:than a polygraph machine:

• A) guilty knowledge test

• B) larcenous reaction test

• C) standard neuro-scan

• D) innocence scale

14. When traveling around the world, 14. When traveling around the world, facial expressions:facial expressions:

• A) differ with each culture.

• B) are universal across cultures.

• C) are similar among races.

• D) differ when comparing Western with Eastern cultures.

15. When Steven held a pen in his teeth, the 15. When Steven held a pen in his teeth, the comic strip seemed funnier to him. This is comic strip seemed funnier to him. This is explained by the:explained by the:

• A) grin and bear it theory.

• B) facial drift theory.

• C) behavior feedback phenomenon.

• D) acting “as if” phenomenon.

16. Whether we experience stress 16. Whether we experience stress depends upon:depends upon:

• A) the situation.

• B) how life threatening it is.

• C) our cognitive appraisal.

• D) whether others are involved.

17. The two-track stress response 17. The two-track stress response system involves the cerebral cortex system involves the cerebral cortex and the _____.and the _____.

• A) sympathetic nervous system

• B) peripheral nervous system

• C) heart and lungs

• D) corpus collosum

18. According to Selye’s general adaptation 18. According to Selye’s general adaptation syndrome, we are most likely to become ill syndrome, we are most likely to become ill as the result of stress during the ___ phase.as the result of stress during the ___ phase.

• A) alarm

• B) resistance

• C) exhaustion

• D) recovery

19. Stress is related to the leading 19. Stress is related to the leading cause of death in the U.S., which is:cause of death in the U.S., which is:

• A) cancer.

• B) coronary heart disease.

• C) suicide.

• D) stroke.

20. Research suggests that those with 20. Research suggests that those with Type A personality could reduce their risk Type A personality could reduce their risk of heart disease if they would:of heart disease if they would:

• A) drink more alcohol.

• B) sleep more.

• C) let their anger out on a punching bag.

• D) let go of their anger.

21. Being a pessimist:21. Being a pessimist:

• A) can increase your level of stress.

• B) can shorten your life.

• C) can raise your blood pressure.

• D) all of the above.

22. Mary has been suffering from the 22. Mary has been suffering from the “blues.” Your recommendation is that “blues.” Your recommendation is that she first try:she first try:

• A) electric shock.

• B) aerobic exercise.

• C) Prozac.

• D) psychoanalysis.

23. With regard to the 23. With regard to the effectiveness of biofeedback: effectiveness of biofeedback:

• A) biofeedback is the most effective method for alleviating stress-related illnesses.

• B) biofeedback is as effective as relaxation.

• C) biofeedback is ineffective for alleviating stress.

• D) biofeedback is a modern snake oil and only works because of a placebo effect.

24. When alternative medicine 24. When alternative medicine approaches, such as acupuncture, are approaches, such as acupuncture, are scientifically tested, the results:scientifically tested, the results:

• A) are never as good as they promise.

• B) can be quite convincing.

• C) are explained as placebo effects.

• D) cannot be replicated in the laboratory.

25. Regular religious attendance is a positive 25. Regular religious attendance is a positive predictor of a longer life span. Researchers predictor of a longer life span. Researchers have identified three factors that explain this, have identified three factors that explain this, including all of the following, including all of the following, except:except:

• A) healthier life styles.

• B) social support networks.

• C) relaxed meditative style.

• D) faith healing.

Stop here, or continue as a review

1. The belief that emotions are 1. The belief that emotions are experienced following physical experienced following physical responses is the:responses is the:

• A) the two-factor theory.

• B) the Cannon-Bard theory.

• C) the James-Lange theory.

• D) self-efficacy theory.

2. The idea that an emotion-arousing 2. The idea that an emotion-arousing stimulus stimulus simultaneouslysimultaneously triggers triggers physiological response and the physiological response and the subjective experience of emotion is:subjective experience of emotion is:

• A) the James-Lange theory.

• B) the Cannon-Bard theory.

• C) the two-factor theory.

• D) the three-factor theory.

3. The two-factor theory of emotion 3. The two-factor theory of emotion differs from the James-Lange and the differs from the James-Lange and the Cannon-Bard in that:Cannon-Bard in that:

• A) physiological arousal is not always necessary.

• B) emotional experience precedes physiological arousal.

• C) physiological arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously.

• D) a cognitive label precedes emotional experience.

4. When aroused, your heart rate 4. When aroused, your heart rate increases, your pupils dilate, and you increases, your pupils dilate, and you may sweat, indicating activation of the may sweat, indicating activation of the part of your nervous system called:part of your nervous system called:

• A) the amygdala.

• B) the sympathetic nervous system.

• C) the parasympathetic nervous system.

• D) the peripheral nervous system.

5.5. A professional tennis player will A professional tennis player will usually perform better when:usually perform better when:

• A) arousal is high.

• B) arousal is low.

• C) competition is easy.

• D) he/she is more relaxed.

6. A polygraph is an instrument that 6. A polygraph is an instrument that detects:detects:

• A) lying.

• B) guilt and lies.

• C) physical responses.

• D) truth.

7. Polygraph exams are not used to 7. Polygraph exams are not used to determine guilt or innocence in court determine guilt or innocence in court because:because:

• A) they are too expensive.

• B) people do not give consent.

• C) polygraphs are fakery.

• D) 1/3 of innocent people are found guilty.

8. The expression, “Arousal fuels 8. The expression, “Arousal fuels emotion, cognition channels it,” is a emotion, cognition channels it,” is a summation of:summation of:

• A) the Schachter and Singer experiment.

• B) the Cannon-Bard theory.

• C) the James-Lange theory.

• D) how polygraphs work.

9. When you are faced with a threatening 9. When you are faced with a threatening stimulus, there is a “shortcut” neural pathway stimulus, there is a “shortcut” neural pathway to allow a speedy emotional response, and it to allow a speedy emotional response, and it runs from the:runs from the:

• A) hypothalamus to the amygdala.

• B) amygdala to the cerebral cortex.

• C) hypothalamus to the medulla.

• D) thalamus to the amygdala.

10. The amygdala sends more 10. The amygdala sends more neural impulses to the cerebral neural impulses to the cerebral cortex than it receives, resulting in: cortex than it receives, resulting in:

• A) emotions occurring before thoughts.

• B) our feelings more easily ruling our thoughts.

• C) some people becoming very anxious.

• D) confusion about what we are feeling.

11. People abused as children are more 11. People abused as children are more prone to interpret expressions in others as prone to interpret expressions in others as

anger, giving evidence that:anger, giving evidence that:

• A) abuse leads to heightened anger.

• B) abuse results in fearful people.

• C) prior experience can sensitize us to certain emotions.

• D) early childhood experiences cripple us for life.

12. Emotionally, women surpass 12. Emotionally, women surpass men in their ability to: men in their ability to:

• A) read people’s emotional cues.

• B) spot lying.

• C) tell whether two people are really in love.

• D) all of the above.

13. The ____ is more effective 13. The ____ is more effective than a polygraph machinethan a polygraph machine::

• A) guilty knowledge test

• B) larcenous reaction test

• C) standard neuro-scan

• D) innocence scale

14. When traveling around the world, 14. When traveling around the world, facial expressions:facial expressions:

• A) differ with each culture.

• B) are universal across cultures.

• C) are similar among races.

• D) differ when comparing Western with Eastern cultures.

15. When Steven held a pen in his teeth, the 15. When Steven held a pen in his teeth, the comic strip seemed funnier to him. This is comic strip seemed funnier to him. This is explained by the:explained by the:

• A) grin and bear it theory.

• B) facial drift theory.

• C) behavior feedback phenomenon.

• D) acting “as if” phenomenon.

16. Whether we experience stress 16. Whether we experience stress depends upon:depends upon:

• A) the situation.

• B) how life threatening it is.

• C) our cognitive appraisal.

• D) whether others are involved.

17. The two-track stress response 17. The two-track stress response system involves the cerebral cortex system involves the cerebral cortex and the _____.and the _____.

• A) sympathetic nervous system

• B) peripheral nervous system

• C) heart and lungs

• D) corpus collosum

18. According to Selye’s general adaptation 18. According to Selye’s general adaptation syndrome, we are most likely to become ill syndrome, we are most likely to become ill as the result of stress during the ___ phase.as the result of stress during the ___ phase.

• A) alarm

• B) resistance

• C) exhaustion

• D) recovery

19. Stress is related to the leading 19. Stress is related to the leading cause of death in the U.S., which is:cause of death in the U.S., which is:

• A) cancer.

• B) coronary heart disease.

• C) suicide.

• D) stroke.

20. Research suggests that those with 20. Research suggests that those with Type A personality could reduce their risk Type A personality could reduce their risk of heart disease if they would:of heart disease if they would:

• A) drink more alcohol.

• B) sleep more.

• C) let their anger out on a punching bag.

• D) let go of their anger.

21. Being a pessimist:21. Being a pessimist:

• A) can increase your level of stress.

• B) can shorten your life.

• C) can raise your blood pressure.

• D) all of the above.

22. Mary has been suffering from the 22. Mary has been suffering from the “blues.” Your recommendation is that “blues.” Your recommendation is that she first try:she first try:

• A) electric shock.

• B) aerobic exercise.

• C) Prozac.

• D) psychoanalysis.

23. With regard to the 23. With regard to the effectiveness of biofeedback: effectiveness of biofeedback:

• A) biofeedback is the most effective method for alleviating stress-related illnesses.

• B) biofeedback is as effective as relaxation.

• C) biofeedback is ineffective for alleviating stress.

• D) biofeedback is a modern snake oil and only works because of a placebo effect.

24. When alternative medicine 24. When alternative medicine approaches, such as acupuncture, are approaches, such as acupuncture, are scientifically tested, results:scientifically tested, results:

• A) are never as good as they promise.

• B) can be quite convincing.

• C) are explained as placebo effects.

• D) cannot be replicated in the laboratory.

25. Regular religious attendance is a positive 25. Regular religious attendance is a positive predictor of a longer life span. Researchers predictor of a longer life span. Researchers have identified three factors that explain this, have identified three factors that explain this, including all of the following, including all of the following, except:except:

• A) healthier life styles.

• B) social support networks.

• C) relaxed meditative style.

• D) faith healing.

AcknowledgmentsAcknowledgments

• Step Up Created by:– John J. Schulte, Psy.D.

• Based on Psychology, Ninth Edition by David G. Myers

• Published by Worth Publishers (2010)

AnswersAnswers

1. C

2. B

3. D

4. B

5. A

6. C

7. D

8. A

9. D

10. B

11. C

12. D

13. A

14. B

15. C

16. C

17. A

18. C

19. B

20. D

21. D

22. B

23. B

24. C

25. D