The European decision of December 2014

Stefano BianchiHead of Launcher Development Programs

ESA

European Space Launchers, Paris, 3/XI/2015

S. Bianchi | 15/10/2015 | Slide 2ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use

Launchers are “not just a vehicle”

– Providing access to space - enabling autonomous action in the space sector– Developing and safeguarding industrial capabilities: Ariane and Vega launcher systems

developed and produced by European industry– Promoting research and development– European undertaking: 12 Main Participating States & Europe’s Spaceport in French Guiana– About 300 industrial suppliers involved in ESA Member States

“Independent and cost-effective access to space needs to remain a strategic goal for Europe, which will look first to its own launcher resources when defining and executing European programmes, based on cost-efficiency, reliability and mission suitability.”

[European Space Policy, April 2007]

“INVITES all European institutional actors, in order to maintain an independent, reliable and cost-effective access to space at affordable conditions, to consider as a high priority the use of launchers developed in Europe and to explore issues relating to their possible participation in launcher-related exploitation activities”

[Space Council Resolution, November 2010]

Access to space – a strategic asset for Europe

S. Bianchi | 15/10/2015 | Slide 3ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use

Present operational launchers from CSG

Ariane 5Servicing the GTO, LEO and escape orbits and setting a standard for the delivery of heavy payloads226 Ariane flights since 197968 successes in a row with Ariane 5

Soyuz Providing access for mid-range payloads First flight from CSG in 201111 successful flights

VegaEnsuring access for small payloads to LEO and SSO orbitsMaiden flight 13/2/20125 successful flights

SOYUZ at CSG

ARIANE 5 ESLong fairingARIANE 5 ECA

VEGA

S. Bianchi | 15/10/2015 | Slide 4ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use

Europe’s Spaceport

Location: French Guiana, South America Payload mass gain for GEO missions (proximity to the equator) Launch without over-flying populated areas

Activities (ESA funds 2/3 of the fixed costs): launcher integration satellite processing launch campaigns launch operations, including tracking, telemetry and safety range, maintenance of facilities in operational conditions

Launch vehicle Launch Sites Annual launch capacity

Ariane 5 ELA (Ensemble de Lancement Ariane) 8 Ariane 5

Vega VLS (Vega Launch Site) 4 Vega

Soyuz ELS (Ensemble de Lancement Soyuz) 4 Soyuz

S. Bianchi | 15/10/2015 | Slide 5ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use

Ariane 6 and Vega C - A joint European effort to prepare decisions

Over the summer of 2014 ESA/industry prepared a common proposal for Ariane 6 andVega-C

All actors in Europe were involved in the preparatory process paving the way for a newpartnership model for Europe’s access to space

Joint proposal presented to European Ministers in September 2014, basis for a positiveoutcome of the CM/14 meeting

Main drivers requiring an urgent decision:• Permanent European independent access to space• Reaction to increased launch services providers competition

Change of paradigmNo public support to commercial exploitation Major transfer of responsibilities to industry

S. Bianchi | 15/10/2015 | Slide 6ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use

BACKGROUNDC-M 2014 launcher decisions

1. Resolution on Europe’s Access to Space

• Implementation of new governance principles on development

• Arrangements with Arianespace and industry to detail conditions for A6 & Vega C exploitation, excluding public support to commercial exploitation

• Definition of principles applicable to the procurement of launch services for European institutional missions

S. Bianchi | 15/10/2015 | Slide 7ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use

C-M 2014 launcher decisionsOptional programmes

ESA Member States subscribed over 4.3 B€ in launcher optional programmes at the C-M 2014 and in particular:

1. approved the programme for Ariane 6 and Vega development with 4 programmatic elements:a. Ariane 6 launch systemb. Vega C launch systemc. P120C common solid motor (incl. activities on a new carbon fibre

technology), and d. Launchers evolution

2. made subscriptions to the Launchers Exploitation Accompaniment Programme (LEAP) for the period 2015-2016, including classical & MCO and supplementary funding for both Ariane and Vega

3. made additional subscriptions to the FLPP Period 3 and PRIDE Step 1, with new Participating States joining the latter (F, ES, S, UK)

S. Bianchi | 15/10/2015 | Slide 8ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use

C-M 2014 launcher decisionsSubscriptions by Member States

% M€ ec 14Austria 0.08% 4.0Belgium 4.12% 197.9Czech RepublicDenmark 0.03% 1.5FinlandFrance 44.47% 2135.5Germany 20.78% 997.9GreeceIreland 0.26% 12.3Italy 10.19% 489.2LuxembourgNetherlands 1.56% 75.0Norway 0.26% 12.3PolandPortugal 0.01% 0.2Romania 0.72% 34.5Spain 4.68% 224.6Sweden 1.65% 79.3Switzerland 2.53% 121.5United Kingdom 0.02% 1.1COVERED 91.35% 4386.8UNCOVERED 8.65% 415.6TOTAL 100.00% 4802.4

MEMBER STATES TOTAL LAU

TOTAL OPTIONAL PROGRAMMESProposed: 4802.4 M€Subscription: 4386.8 M€ (91.35%)

S. Bianchi | 15/10/2015 | Slide 9ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use

Evolution C-M 2001-2014 Subscription by nature of activities

C-M 2001 C-M 2003 C-M 2005

C-M 2008 C-M 2012

C-M 2014

S. Bianchi | 15/10/2015 | Slide 10ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use

Ariane 6 – A new way to work in Europe

• Family of launchers addressing both institutional andcommercial markets

• Advanced launch service procurement for Europeaninstitutional missions

• Half the costs of Ariane 5 per kg and target launchservice prices for institutional missions

• Fast track development plan and simplified managementrules for minimized decision time

• Vulcain main stage engine flight proven on Ariane 5• Vinci upper stage extensively ground tested• Common Solid Rocket Motor P120C with Vega-C

(implying specific organization) as extension of Vegaflight proven P80 to be flight qualified in 2018 on Vega-C

• Progressive phasing in of Ariane 6 and phasing out ofreplaced launch system(s), 1st Soyuz (institutionalcustomers) and then Ariane 5 (commercial customers)

Guaranteed access to spacefor Europe

No public funding supportingcommercial exploitation

Time-to-market :Maiden flight in 2020,Fully operational in 2023

Maximizing commonalitieswithin the European launcherfamily

Proven reliability tocustomers

S. Bianchi | 15/10/2015 | Slide 11ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use

Industry Industrial investments > 10% of

development cost Only high level contractual

requirements (HLR) Industry is design authority for

launcher Bearing risks in development and

on commercial exploitation

Competitive launch service prices for commercial missions and target launch service prices for institutional missions

New governance principles in development and exploitation

Principles for a long-term partnership between industry and the public sector

Public sector Only high level contractual

requirements (HLR)

No public funding in commercial exploitation

Preserving the interest of all Participating States to the launcher development programmes and their respective industry

Minimum number of launch services contracted per year by European institutional users

New exploitation cost and risk sharing scheme

S. Bianchi | 15/10/2015 | Slide 12ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use

Ariane 6 – Maximizing Commonalities, Modularity and Heritage

P-8

0

P-1

20

C

Ariane 6 PPH Consolidated Launcher Elements Competition

IMC / AvionicsTVC / Structures

Upper Part / Aero Structures

Ariane 5 MEdevelopment

Vega Cdevelopment

Ariane 6 – two configurationsof the same launcher

Ariane 62 (with 2 x P120C) 5t GTOAriane 64 (with 4 x P120C) 10.5t GTO

EPC / Vulcain 2simplified design

Upper Stage& Vinci

P-120C

S. Bianchi | 15/10/2015 | Slide 13ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use

Ariane 6 – Designed for exploitation

Ariane 62

Performance≥ 5t1 to GTO

Launch service cost*70 M€

Ariane 64

Performance≥ 10.5t2 to GTO

Launch service costCompetitive

Competitiveness, Modularity/Flexibility,Performance

• Half the costs of A5 per kg and competitive service • Modularity to match both institutional and

commercial markets (and their evolutions)

Long-term flexibility and growth potential

• Flexibility (restart of upper stage)• Improvement potential on each engine/stage• Liquid propulsion enabling reusability

Development contracts signed 12/08/2015 (Launch Base + Launcher)

Maiden flight 2020

Concurrent working systemStandardisation

Maximisation of use of industrial assets

1 Performance is the payloads separated mass2 Including Payload Adaptor Fittings and dual launch adaptation structure* At L/R 11 p.a. (6 A62 and 5 A64)

S. Bianchi | 15/10/2015 | Slide 14ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use

• New industrial organisation reflecting the industrial vision for Ariane 6 with the implementation of a lean organisation, eliminating non value-adding activities & layers to the benefit of the final user

• Leverages existing assets and competencies in Participating States developed on Ariane 5 and previous developments

• Sets up a few empowered excellence clusters in Europe regrouping similar products and technologies with the goal to standardize designs and maximize use of assets Liquid propulsion Solid propulsion Metallic structures Composite structures Actuation systems, avionics, pyro, harnesses, …

• Matches Member States contributions to the maximum extent, providing that it does not create inefficiencies

Ariane 6 industrial organisation –Industrial excellence clusters

S. Bianchi | 15/10/2015 | Slide 15ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use

A6 Launch Complex

S. Bianchi | 15/10/2015 | Slide 16ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use

2015 201620142013201220112010 2015 201620142013201220112010

MC -11

LTQR

2015 201620142013201220112010

PDR

CDR

KO

Development phase

Preliminary phase

Qualification phase

GQR

RSL

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Launcher System DevelopmentK‐O:  Kick‐OffPDR: Preliminary Design ReviewCDR: Critical Design ReviewGQR: Qualification Review

<‐ Today

MC-14

A6-ConceptsTrade-Offs

A6-PHHActivities

Ariane 6 Launch Base Development

A6 Launcher System

A6 Launcher System

A6 Launcher System

Ariane 5 < > Ariane 6 Transition Phase

Programme ImplementationReview

Development ContractDevelopment ContractFFPFFP Ceiling converted into FPCeiling converted into FP

User Manual v0

Overall A6 planning

S. Bianchi | 15/10/2015 | Slide 17ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use

Ariane 6 programme implementation review (PIR)

Participating States will conduct in July 2016 a review on the basis of a DG report on the implementation of Ariane 6 and P120C taking into account, inter alia: Ariane 62 and 64 PDRs Fixed price for a full phase C/D/E1 within 100% ceiling cost-at-completion Reconfirmation of industrial investments Transition between A6 development and exploitation A6 exploitation conditions

Participating States will decide in September 2016 on the continuation of Ariane 6

Positive decision leads to the 2nd financial release for A6 procurements (phases C/D/E1)

S. Bianchi | 15/10/2015 | Slide 18ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use

P120C

High performance, low cost, common solid propulsion element to be used as booster stage on the Ariane 6 Launch Vehicle, in both A-62 and A-64 versions, and as first stage for Vega Consolidation and Vega Evolution launch vehicles.Main characteristics:SRM ~11 m long, 3.4 m external diameter, 130t-class propellant mass;Thrust Vector Control, based on two electro-mechanical actuators.

S. Bianchi | 15/10/2015 | Slide 19ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use

VEGA

P80 – Ø3 m3050 kN thrust

Z23 – Ø1.9 m1200 kN thrust

Z9: Ø1.9m150 kN thrust

AVUM – Ø1.9 m2.45 kN thrust

PLF – Ø2.6 m

In Polar Orbit Today: 1.500 Kg 2018: 2.200 Kg

Recurring &Operations

Cost Reduction

VEGA C

Common to A6P120C – Ø3.4 m>4000 kN thrust

AVUM+

+ 150 Kg Fu/Ox(485 Fu + 243 Ox)2.45 - 5 kN thrust

Z40 – 1200 kNØ2.36 m

EuropeanComponents

Vega C concept (1/2)

S. Bianchi | 15/10/2015 | Slide 20ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use

Vega C opportunities

Launch service competitiveness

• Same launch service cost as current Vega• Performance increase > 300 kg

Design choices

• Configuration P120/Z40/Z9/AVUM+ • New 1st stage based on P120C common to Ariane 6• New 2nd stage based on Z40 derived from Z23• AVUM+ with increased propellant loading and new European tanks• Two versions of the fairing: increased diameter and present versions, TBC at SRR• New European engine for AVUM funded up to PDR

Development schedule

• Rider to the Frame Contract 12/08/2015• SRR end 2015• PDR in 2016• First launch in 2018

S. Bianchi | 15/10/2015 | Slide 21ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use

What future beyond Ariane 6 and Vega C?

Preparing the future How to further reduce the cost?

Reusability:• Demonstration of technical feasibility and commercial viability • Potential for cost reduction - overall economics and demand increase

Technologies:- Material, processes, avionics, structures- Re-entry- Propulsion

Programs:FLPP: TechnologiesPRIDE: re-entry LEE: propulsion demonstrator and reusability

One European road map to prepare future generation of launchers beyond Vega C and Ariane 6 at C/MIN 16

S. Bianchi | 15/10/2015 | Slide 22ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use

CONCLUSION