STEEL MAKING

Steel-making units

Stages of steel-making:1) fusion of smelting charge and bath

heating;2) bath "boil“;3) deoxidizing.

STEEL MAKING

The scheme of Martin furnace:1 – regenerators, 2 – furnace head, 4 – charging holes, 5 – working

space,6 – mixture, 7 – torch, 9 – hearth, 10 – arch

STEEL MAKING

Normal ingot making: а – top casting; b – uphill teeming;

1 – ladle; 2 – liquid steel; 3 – central gate; 4 – pipe lining; 5 – ingot; 6 – bottom plate; 7 – fused channel

а b

STEEL MAKING

Continuous casting of steel: a – scheme of the process; b – vertical continuous-casting machine ; c – radialcontinuous-casting machine

c

b

a