GRADED UNIT PROJECTOFFICE STEEL DESIGN WITH CAR PARK

Tehmas Saeed

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Stow College

SECTION 1

PLANNING STAGETehmas Saeed

HNDFT 2B

Civil Engineering Dept

Stow College

Glasgow

2

Planning of the project

Brief interpretation The client needed a Steel framed office building and Car park within landscaped area. The site is adjacent to local distributor road located within industrial state. The area of whole site is 980 m2.

The office area should be 750 m2. The car park is needed to be built with the capacity of 20 cars and cantilever is required at main entrance. I am required to provide a solution which must address following main requirements of the project.

Requirements of the project Suitable Procurement Path ( Selection of contract ) Site layout (during and after construction ) Load Assessment Analysis of the structure Foundations Selection of construction material along with justification Layout of the building Design of Structure Frame Structural Skeleton Mitigation of environment impact. Mathematical Calculations and AutoCAD drawings in specific format.

Detailed exploration of two chosen construction areas 1. Frame Design

This will require the design of steel work and its frame along with their layout, drawings, calculations, justification etc

2. Energy efficiency or sustainability

Construction of a building requires a lot of things to do. Different aspects of an activity related to construction must be review on economic basis and also measurement of its impact on surrounding environment is necessary. Therefore this project will be carried out along with reviewing different impacts of individual activity on people and environment. More Energy efficient structure are needed to reduce its effects. This energy efficiency means less reliability of human on fossils specially hydrocarbons which are biggest source of global warming.

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Possible objectives of this project

To increase the jobs opportunities for locals. To help reduce congestion on the roads after the construction.

Referencing of the project It is quite obvious while any construction activity is totally unacceptable without appropriate referencing or without fulfilling the criteria of British standards or now European Code s or any other building regulations dealing with it.Mainly I will be using my course notes from HNC and HND , internet as source of information besides I will try to review any relevant literature, books in library and any research work done by individuals or organization such as for reviewing new ideas recently researched and published for recommendations to the construction industry. Where appropriate I will use sketches and drawings and pictures related to construction activity. Whatever construction activity will be carried, the source information will be given in References. If it is taken from any website, the web address will be written, in case of book, the book name and Author name will be quoted. The research organization recommendations if taken will be quoted by indicating the name of organization like CIRIA (research organization of construction industry) or BRE Green Digest along with sourcing website or book. I would love to explore any literature from relevant government departments like SEPA, Scottish Water, and Corus Steel etc

Sustainability and renewable sources and mitigation of environmental impactGreen construction, renewable sources and sustainable construction are quite nontraditional and usually people ignore them. But the idea contained in project know mitigation of environmental impacts force me to think completely so instead of using traditional materials in construction phase and then try into minimizing the effects on environment why not we start an approach which is environmentally from start of this project I will try to focus on its sustainability of plan.

Selection of Construction method and materials Selection for constructionMaterials used and construction method will be justified with comparison and reasons will be detailed along with their detail. Justification of each activity will come along with its use. Every activity will be carried keeping in mind of energy efficiency and sustainability.

Health and Safety RequirementsHealth and Safety laws must be considered while carrying out construction activity. It is not appropriate to carry out any construction activity without being familiar with these law and their applications. Therefore all construction activities included in this project will be carried out in line with Health and Safety Act 1973 and Regulations which came afterwards. Risk assessments should be done before carrying out any construction activity like induction of workers must be conducted before start of work etc.

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Drawings and Calculations Requirements i. Load Assessment and Load Path

ii. Stability of Structure i.e suitability of Steel structure in terms of bending, shear and deflection etc

iii. Modification and rectification of the selection if it contradicts the required strength.iv. Drawings of the structure and steel size must be same throughout the project.v. Layout, arrangements foundations and structural details

vi. Allocation of temporary office and welfare facilities.vii. Adequate drawings, calculations and specifications to justify understanding and

completion of required tasks. viii. Design calculations presented in sheet format.

References http://www.ogc.gov.uk/documents/CP0060AEConstructionPocketbook.pdf http://www.bre.co.uk/greenguide/podpage.jsp?id=2126 http://www.ciria.org/service/AM/ContentManagerNet/Default.aspx?

Section=Membership_options&Template=/TaggedPage/TaggedPageDisplay.cfm&TPLID=63

http://www.breeam.org http://greensource.construction.com/ Civil Engineering Project Management by Alan C. Twort and J.Gordon Rees. The Green building bible Volume 2 by Richard Nicholls (The low energy design

technical Reference )

Project time line

Stages Activities Taken Start Time

Expected Finish Time

Days/

Weeks

Planning

Stage

Planning and Searching information for project

20th

Nov 2010

3rd Dec 2010

2 weeks

Site investigation and planning permission

5th Dec 2010

9th Dec 2010

4 days

5

Development

Stage

`

Selection of the Contract procurement Path

9th Dec 2010

17th Dec 2010

1 week

Gathering information about the selection of foundation (literature review)

17th Dec 2010

22 Dec 2010

5 days

Foundation Calculations for Size Adjustments also starting the CAD drawings of building Starts at same time.

22nd

Dec 2010

22nd Jan 2011

4 weeks

Site layout 22nd

Jan 2011

25th Jan 2011

3 days

(Necessary Arrangements) for the transport of the material and for the temporary accommodation facilities for the workers and Engineers i.e. portakabin and temporary road layout etc

25th Jan 2011

15th Feb 2011

3 weeks

Materials Selection 16th Feb 2011

19th Feb 2011

3 days

Load Assessment for Foundations

Designing of Foundations Drawings for Foundations

20th Feb 2011

24th Feb 2011

4 days

Selection of Steel Columns Design Calculations for steel. Drawings for steel work

25th Feb 2011

11th Mar 2011

2 weeks

Drawings for the framework or structural skeleton of the steel.

12th

Mar 2011

20th Mar 2011

I week

Floor type selection 20th

Mar 23rd Mar 3 days

6

2011 2011

Materials selection for floor 23rd

Mar 2011

27th Mar 2011

4 days

Roof Type Selection and material selection

27th

Mar 2011

31st Mar

2011

4 days

Car park type Selection 1st Apr

2011

4th Apr

2011

4 days

Material Selection 5th Apr

2011

7th Apr

2011

2 days

Design of Car park Drawings for car park

7th Apr

2011

11 Apr

2011

4 days

Evaluation

of the

Project

Critical Evaluation compared with timeline

Lessons learned from project

How project will be tackled differently in the future

Self assessment of the project

11th

Apr

2011

19th Apr

2011

1 week

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DEVELOPMENT STAGE

2.0 Selection of the procurement path

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2.1 CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTFor any project it’s most important to select a procurement path which will be followed throughout the projects by every party who are involved. However the most important things to be considered rely on following three main factors.

Time Cost Quality

So the most important is before starting any project in current challenging market is effective decision making. Decision making is particularly hard because multiple criteria exist, which can be both quantitative and qualitative in nature uncertainty and risk is involved. Once the decision is made all the progress, handling, execution of work, people management, unforeseen risks, cost control, progress of work, achievement of client objectives and targets set, what so ever going to be involved in future construction activities wholly rely on the procurement strategy chosen. Therefore very careful considerations must be carried out before it.

2.2 Definition of Construction Contract A construction contract consists of activities and services carried out both above and below Ground i.e. Substructure or Superstructure construction activities of the construction project. In Modern Engineering (Bristol) Ltd v. Gilbert-Ash Northern [1974] AC 689,

Lord Diplock described a building contract as:

‘‘An entire contract for the sale of goods and work and labour for a lump sum price payable by installments as the goods are delivered and the work done. Decisions have to be made from time to time about such essential matters as the making of variation orders, the expenditure of provisional and prime cost sums and extension of time for the carrying out of the work under the contract’’

Also

‘‘Procurement could be considered to be the process of identification, selection and commissioning of contributions required for the construction phase of the project.’’

It is the roadmap set before the start of project by which the client achieves his targets. Its vital for everybody involved are fully aware of their duties and determined the way as it is defined in the construction contract papers.

2.3 Conditions of Contract and Importance Of written contract The I.C.E (Institution of Civil Engineers) Conditions of the Contract are most widely

used for civil Engineering works. It clarifies ways for better working relationship

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between the Employer and the contractor, explains powers of Engineer and terms of payment.

Role of I.C.E is significant important, if any dispute arise between any parties and could not be resolved within them, then Institution president can be invited to solve.

The contract is important because of possible risk. The contract leads to better understanding between all parties involved in case of future dispute and provides a path to develop a solution.

Using a standard contract avoids the cost and time of individually negotiated contracts. Parties are assumed to understand that risk allocation and their prices can be accurately

compared The most vital is to have better cost control strategy which is used to identify the possible

risks involved early by having a agreement which gives client more freedom to plan for unfavorable conditions arising in future. Dealing with them during the construction phase is not only hard but contains the possibility of additional costs

It also about the allocation of jobs or duties to concerned people for which they will be held responsible for any mismanagement or carelessness during the process of construction. This legal document help to resolve the legal dispute and complications between contractor, consultant engineer and client or anyone who is part of construction project team.Generally risk could be one of following nature.

a. Unexpected ground conditionsb. Unpredicted weather conditionsc. A shortage of materiald. A shortage of skilled laboure. Accidents either of human injury, or of carelessness resulting in flood and fire causing

damage to work and also could be a big financial blow.

2.4 Contract Path Selection Criteria for this ProjectLike any buyer, the client desire his project or construction work to be completed in at a minimum possible cost he could ever get with all needed materials , satisfactory workmanship and precisely the accurate as per required for present standards and needs of client.

However the following could be general main contributing factors which I have considered for selection of my chosen contract procurement path.

1. Client’s requirements are clearly defined and understood and could be put in practice as per demand. Those requirements could be defined feasible by conducting of feasibility studies by employing consulting Engineer for initial stage to get brief (prior to contract selection) about possible progression of work smoothly.

2. In case of unidentified risks, alternative to tackle new situation. Risks Include accidents. Consequences include possible delay or closure of project plus additional cost which is

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not desirable thing for any client. So while choosing paths of contract risks must be considered and discussed and best covered or handled in project paper i.e contract.

3. Alternatives of these requirements if not achieved in time or not going to happen as desired initially.

4. His idea of market and price certainty.5. Idea of rapid construction or completion or target sets to be achieved. 6. His desired structural requirements were met in contractual arrangement.

2.5 Design and Build (Contract for this Project)It took a while before I finally decided to choose this contract for project. I have reviewed other forms of construction contract and having reviewed merits and demerits of all contract, I found closely matching with requirements of my client.

2.6 Justification for choosing Design and Build Contract Having reviewed the mentioned above criteria and different contract arrangements, I have chosen the Design and build contract. Because

It is the most popular contract which it highest share in market as 43 % while traditional procurement shares 37 % stands as second and other types of contracts make small percentage based on Market Turnover (source RICS )

It is been widely adopted by most clients since 1970. The main advantage of having this type of arrangement is that there is a single point of

responsibility for both design and construction of the project. At very initial stage, client can benefit from the experience of Contractor. Price certainty is secured early in the project. Final date is fixed early in the project. Less risk of price changes during the design development.

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Design and Build43%

Construction Mangement

1%

Mangement contracting 1%Partnering

6%

Target 12%

Traditional 37%

Mostly used construction contract (source RICS )

2.7 Design and Build ContractThe contractor is provided the minimum information in the form of outline brief. So contractor would be fully responsible for the conceptual and detailed design in line with requirements of client in terms of time, quality and execution of the work. This arrangement shifts all the risk to Contractor and is well known for being cost effective i.e more control over time and cost.

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Brief explanation for Design and Build (responsibilities of members)

2.6.1 Client The Client is responsible for initiating the contract for the construction work which in this

case is of construction of steel structured office building along with Car Park. He is obviously the financier of the project and responsible for all the money matters. He

should be agreed on the cost of the project.

2.6.2 Duties of Project Manager As I have chosen this arrangement just for wider understanding, I am just briefly explaining each party role under this arrangement.

Ensuring that contract documents are prepared issued and signed by contractors.

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client

Design and Build

contractor

Contractor's project Team

Design coordinator

Design and Build

Contractors Sub-contractors

contractor Design Team

Architect Design consultant

Services consultant

Project ManagerClient Representative

on design and cost aspects

Arranging the Handover or Control of Site from Client to Contractor. Checking the progress of work and monitoring the performance of contractor. Ensuring the Health and Safety file is being maintained Establishing control over time, cost and quality of the work. Resolving and anticipating any potential problems before they occur. Ensuring the Site inspections are taking place. For the insurance cover over the works. Management of Cost plan, reporting to client and making sure client meets his

requirements as described in Design and Build Contract.

2.6.3 Duties of Design Team Design consultants are responsible for providing information i.e detailing of construction

design. Approve the designs and drawings provided by contractors. Settling queries as raised by contractors. Inspecting the work to ensure compliance with drawings and specifications. Assessing the work quality to be same standards as being required by National or now

EU Standards ( from 2010 BS have been replaced by EU Standards)

2.7 Other Related PartiesMain parties who will be either contacted or these would be directly or indirectly involved during, before and after the construction, some main concerned could be

Building control Officer Highways Authority Environmental Health Officer Fire Officer Health and Safety Executive Planning officers Archaeologists Trade Unions Police

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2.8Tendering Stage under Design and Build Arrangement

2.8.1 General Criteria for Tender Selection As detailed in CIOB Code of Estimating Practice (CIOB 2008), the general criteria I would be following for selection of qualified contractor is as under.

Qualification and experience of the Contractors staff and workers. Health and Safety Record Their name in market in terms in term of their experience with their previous clients

excluding sensitive information protected under Data Protection law 1998. Company profile Technical Expertise Plant and Resources Financial Accounts Management Procedures Accidents statistics Induction Procedure i.e Training procedures, Trained Personnel Current Contracts and completed Projects

2.8.2 Invited Tendering (restricted)I would be using Invited Tendering for this contract. The above criteria would be considered before inviting selected contractors usually six to ten, depends upon their expertise in construction and their experience in carry out projects or their company profile. Therefore Pre-qualified Contractors would be invited in Tendering Stage. This pre- qualification is process of screening. This usually contains questionnaire which includes questions about their health and safety record, health and safety training, qualification and proven methods in place for implementing Health and Safety law as well as qualities, professionalism and resources needed for a Competent Contractor.

2.8.3 Tendering Procedure The copies of the contract would be sent to the contractors. The contractors will be given time to prepare design work to enable them for pricing purpose. This time limit will be based on the construction work which will not be less than four weeks. At this stage an enquiry raised by any contractor would be answered, The answer would be circulated to every selected contractor to ensure completely fair competition. Using skills and expertise in the form of Bill of Quantities, final sum would be calculated which will include their profits and overheads. My client would already have taken the services of an Engineer or Bid Manager for this stage. The Engineer or

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Bid Manager after careful consideration and comparison of values of Tender submitted will make decision for offer or alternative designs if possible. That would be written in report with recommendation of any offer to be accepted. That would not be based on minimum price Tender. The written letter of acceptance would be sent to Successful contractor by Engineer on the behalf of Client.

2.9 Method of PaymentI would be using Bill of Quantities for the Method of Payment. Because

It is the most common form of Payment arrangement used for Constructional Projects United kingdom

It is most recommended for all projects except very small projects.

3.0 Health and Safety Requirements for this Project

3.1 Section 1 This chapter consists of two sections

1. This Section General highlights the general duties of client, contactor and engineers under Health and Safety laws and CDM Regulations 2007.

2. This section contains the specific requirements of this site according to Health and Safety laws and Regulations.

3.1.1 Background Every working day in Britain at least one person loses his life and over 6000 are injured at work. Similarly Three quarter of a million people take time off work due to work related illness hence resulting loss of 30 million work days as a result.

3.1.1 Health and Safety at work Act (1974)To control work related accidents, this Act was introduced for the protection of public from work activities. Therefore it has a main role on method planning of all construction work. Failure to comply with these legislations could result in persecution of individuals in extreme cases. The detailed requirements are spelt out in Regulations, which are updated when needed.

Different regulations apply to construction work as it depends upon the nature of the work. Therefore instead of getting detailed introduction of any of these one and missing out information about others would not work well, therefore regulations would be referenced as they will be used in construction activities.

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3.1.2The Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2007These regulations put health and safety duties on clients, designers and contractors. Before these regulations CDM Regulations 1995 only the contractor was responsible for health and safety. Therefore role of my client would be significant in this project as he is now required to actively involved in health and safety.

3.1.4 Notifiable Construction Project As general idea, this construction project will last longer than 30 days, it would be considered as notifiable project. Therefore it must be reported to HSE Office (Health and Safety Executive).For this project main contractor would contact HSE as its his responsibility as for D & B contract arrangement is concerned. The latest regulations are CDM 2007 which puts more responsibilities on client. Some of main are stated as under

3.2 Duties of client under CDM 2007 Selection of competent team for carryout project. Assess the risks of injury to staff, members of public or by passers. The work machinery is safe to work on and appropriate test had been done. Harmful or hazardous chemicals or materials are safely used and regulations had been

followed during its use. He must set proper timeframe for the execution of the project. Risk assessments should be made as it is notifiable project. Set up emergency procedure. Provide protective clothing and wearing where appropriate Safety Signs are should be provided and maintained throughout the site. Report and take record of any injury incurred to any person during the construction

operation. Providing enough information to team members specifying exactly the needs of him, use

of site, any hazard possibility. Ensuring that construction team communicate and cooperate well with each other, during

the construction phase its best practice the contractors and designers talk early on issues concerning usability and maintainability of the finished structure.

Ensuring the suitable mechanism had been adopted for the execution of the project. Have insurance policy cover

3.2.1 Appointment of CDM Cordinator As this project is notifiable project it duty of my client to appoint CDM Co-coordinator for the implementation of health and Safety policy on the site.

His main duties would be

Assisting the client for the implementation of regulations on site. Performing H&S audits and inspections.

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Review the construction Health and Safety plan on the behalf of the client. Assisting the designers and contractors for the information needed for the project for

carry out their responsibilities under CDM 2007. Ensuring the HSE is notified about the project. Preparing the Health and Safety File for you (that will contain vital information about

health and safety procedure on site, which would be helpful for future need)

3.2.3 Duties of Contractor Implementation of Health and Safety Plan Make information available to staff i.e Health & Safety information File, Site surveys

designers information, risk assessment and Health and Safety Master plan. Managing the inspection and audits during Construction.

3.2.4 Duties of Design Team Making Safe construction design, maintenance and cleaning. Making effective decision to the design requirements did not contradicts with EU

Standards and keeping balance between work and safety policy. Closely working on preventing risks to any team member or member of public.

4.0 Access & Entry to Site Access is provided for entrance of vehicles and deliveries of construction material and also for carrying out construction works as in this case we need crane for installations of beam, columns etc . The entrance access depends on site layout, and also how its operational point of view i.e

Storage Facilities Plant Temporary Site Accommodation Temporary Services Fencing and hoarding

Mostly it is near to manager’s office and it is significantly important the site has a single access point, where security personnel could take account of visitors, workers, deliveries and any other operatives. It could help to have record for loss prevention, record accuracy and for the Health and Safety of the workers.

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4.1 Traffic Management Plan Each year Five British works loses their life by having accidents with construction vehicles. The accidents on the construction site could be prevented easily by Effective Traffic Management Plan. As for as CDM 2007 is concerned, It clearly gave us guidance to reduce the risk during the transport operation in the site.

The following main factors would be considered by me for Traffic management Plan for safe constructional works. These are written after having seen CDM recommendations

Only trained and experienced drivers would be allowed to use the vehicles. Where dumpers will be used, the maximum slope gradient would be allowed to less than

1 : 4. Drivers on this site would not be be allowed to leave keys inside vehicles. Dumpers with only seat restraints would only be allowed. The dumpers drivers should aware of pot holes, excavations they could be done by well

maintained signage and boards. Where dumpers needed to pass near excavation end it would be made sure that the

excavation end is enough supported to carry the load. The driving on slope is dangerous so the recommendations from the manufacturer would

be followed to avoid any accident. It would be made sure that all vehicles on the site are properly maintained and have

regular safety test prior to their use.

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Main preventions of accidents could be made by having segregation of vehicles and pedestrians by having separate fenced lanes or paths for pedestrians.

Self designated routes for workers to the working area which are segregated from road by fencing it. Therefore drivers could see easily and reduce the risks on the site.

Most accidents caused in Britain which took a life of average person a year were reversing as drivers have no control on blind spots. The problem could be overcome by having one way system of entrance on the site i.e therefore no reverse operation may be required or further more CCTV installation on the rear of the lorry could help driver to judge human presence.

The routes designed would accommodate peak time staff members and it should be clearly signed where it is crossing the road area.

The Fences should not obstruct the view of workers (includes anyone involved in construction project including visitors) and they should clearly see the movement of the vehicles.

Vehicles routes throughout should be made clear of any obstruction or hazard. Sharp bends would be avoided. Every single effort would be made to have safe construction of its route. I would be taking into account, one way system of vehicle entrance hence avoiding any

reverse of lorries if possible

Implementations of this policy are very important as for Health and Safety part of construction is concerned.

4.2 Site BoundariesThe site would be suitably fenced so that it could be saved from theft and vandalism. The fencing border helps to establish to distinguish the construction area and also restricts access to public. This is significantly important as vulnerable groups like children could get into site and possible ending up in any accident while playing.

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Most commonly used is prefabricated fence panels resting on concrete bases and held together by clips. The installations is quite easy, the individual panels could be taken to site with precast concrete base with hole on the top to accommodate the rods in, therefore a boundary could be set up around the construction site.

4.23Construction of temporary roadThis needs parking along with steel office building, for construction point of view its vital important to have pavement for the construction vehicles that could be temporary road or permanent ones. In this case I would be using a permanent pavement as they could be used for parking purposes. Before construction of this road, the drains and ducts for drainage of water would be installed.

4.3 Security GuardingDue to its nature of this project, I would need a permanent security Guard at the site. The main role would be preventing theft and also for the purpose of the Health and Safety of public. At day time his role would be taking record of visitors, Lorries and pedestrians in the log book. That would help in keeping time management, constructional material availability time and delivery timings etc. Night Shift Guard would have regular patrols at night and further more I would be in favor of installing CCTV Camera on the entrance and storage areas for the welfare of my client and public. That would help to spot any unusual activity at night at site specially trouble caused by drunken people at weekends and also any break in attempt to steal anything or damaging the site.

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4.4 Welfare Facilities As it is Design and Build contract, the principal contractor would be responsible for providing adequate facilities for staff and workers. This includes the installation of portakabin. The Health and Welfare regulations set the basic rules for the construction workers. They must have adequate toilet and washing facilities, a place for warming up and eating food and for storage of their clothes. This can include Kettle, Microwave oven and sink basin. These facilities must be kept clean neat and tidy.

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4.4.1ToiletsPortable Toilets would be installed with lockable room with wash hand basin, water soap and hand driers. Adequate number of toilets will be installed recommendations from HSE says one toilet for seven workers and once in a week these would be emptied. These toilets would be properly ventilated and cleaning of the them would depend upon their use.

4.4.2 Sanitary Facilities The washing basin would be provided large enough for the staff to clean their hand, forearms and hands. As this work will involve excavation and working with cement I would recommend my client to provide skin care products for staff. But Soap, paper towels and hand dryers must be provided. This construction could involve working with toxic or corrosive substances, shower could in installed.

4.4.3 Drinking water The fresh water would be supplied to the site from main supply. If it would not be possible that adequate supply of water would be maintained by bottles and storage small tanks in the cabin. The water tapes would be clearly marked with drinking water so that staff would not get confused.

4.4.4Rest Facilities The portkabin installed must have adequate space for the workers to rest i.e enough table with chairs. The kettle for boiling water for tea, microwave oven for warming food etc

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4.4.5 Smoking For the comfort of non-smokers the smoking would be banned in the portakabin.

4.4.6 ServicesThis site is already been provided with electricity, water, drainage and telephone services

4.4.7 Changing and Storage Areas for Clothing The site would be having appropriate facilities for changing areas for workers in line with regulations.

4.4.8 First Aid boxFirst aid box is essential on the site and at least one person fully trained for First Aid should be at site every day.

4.4.9 Material Storage Due to possible risk of damage to their functional and structural point of view different constructional material have

4.5 Health and Safety Clothing and Equipment Number of equipments and clothing is recommended for Construction Work. As For this construction project is concerned I would be following the HSE recommendations and hence following equipments would be provided for the Safety of the Workers.

Safety Goggles

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Ear Defenders

Gloves

High Visibility Vest

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Safety Shoes

4.5.1Health and Safety Induction of Workers At the start of work, every worker must be briefed about possible risks involved at the site in the form some sort of training knows Health and Safety induction. That is essential part of my

project as Health and Safety comes first.

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4.5.2 Appropriate Singaes of the Site Site would be properly signed in the form of instructions boards, safety charts, precautionary sings and appropriate safety furniture on the site. That would help visitors to be on right track, and also reminds everyone to be extra careful and if someone has any safety wearing missing by chance so that he can get it back or sort it out before starting work.

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4.5.3 Materials Storage and Handling Handling of Construction material has significance in terms of cost, saving time and also addressing Health and Safety issues.

They must be stored at proper space i.e. reserved compound with appropriate way of stacking and storage. Inappropriate stocking could cause damage to public and also being in secured compound it prevents loss and vandalism.

Because bad handling and stocking could end up in contaminations of materials, loss to materials structure and strength and like Brick would be stored on 1.8 m high on even platform with prevention from water in the form of sheet. Cement would be stored on stacks no higher than 2 m similarly we will stock all constructional material according to safety instructions or catalogues and accordance to Health and Safety guidelines.

5.0 Specialized Areas

Frame Design & Energy Efficiency For simplification of the project, my two main areas are in same section with their details.

5.1 Energy Efficiency & Britain Demand The UK Government has set an much desired and legally binding target to reduce national greenhouse gas emissions by at least 80% by 2050 with an intermediate target of a 34% reduction by 2020 (against a 1990 baseline). This project is therefore being taken forward in the line of that target. Although much clear legislation are still in the way to come but mostly Part L of building regulations sets clearly direction to achieve the motives as required for improved modern construction.

In UK the three main Consumers of Energy are

Industry Transportation Buildings

Their contribution is 21 %, 35.7 % and 43.3 % respectively according to 2004 Statistics

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Industry21%

Transport36%

Buildings43%

Energy Usage Chart

This clear indicates the biggest energy consumer sector is Buildings sector as energy consumption also damages environment, therefore design and geometry of building is made considering this fact and transportation has plays important role in construction i.e movement of staff and transportation of material.

5.1.1 Sustainability Agenda for this constructionBuilding could be rightly called environmentally friendly or sustainable form of construction, if we have reduced its carbon emission by using alternate sources of energy and by cost effective energy measures. As Global warming is greater issues its directly related to green houses gases and the temperature of the globe is rising due to this, therefore Government encourages Sustainable form of construction which has less reliance on hydrocarbons and low or zero carbon emission. I am using different research guides and recommendations from reputed research organizations to deal with this part of Project.

5.2 Factors considered before construction

5.2.1 Choice of SiteKnowledge of Climate plays important role as for energy efficiency of the construction is concerned. Location of the construction site would be considered on this basis. The local meteorological office data could be very helpful to know the variations of climate throughout the year. The complete understanding of climate that how it will affect heat gain or loss in the building is significantly important. Hence Landscape of the office would be based on the idea of minimizing the effects of climate.

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5.2.2 Temperature Factor The Glasgow or Scotland is much colder than the rest of the Country, therefore the greater the difference between inside and outside of the building the greater the energy loss would be through ventilation routes. Heat Transfer Mechanism can occur by either conduction, convection or by radiation. Much better results could be achieved by the introduction of additional insulation either it costly but in longer run it quite cost effective in terms of energy savings.

5.2.3 Solar AccessThe layout of site would be considered according to location of obstruction to the south of the site i.e Tall buildings or Trees. Therefore the information about angle, or geometry of shadow could be gathered for the long term achievement i.e that information could be used for making maximum use of daylight to save energy cost.

5.2.4 Water Penetration Areas like Glasgow are mostly wet thought the year Glasgow receives more rainfall than even neighboring Edinburgh. Therefore the external masonry walls must be made additional water resistant to minimize water penetration. Any coating used should be Permeable to allow the moisture content of building to escape through it.

5.2.4 Degree Days and Temperature Difference The difference in outside and inner temperature is taken in degrees. The colder the area, the degree days will be higher. Therefore for considering the building standards we have to consider the location of the construction site. Therefore we cannot assume same thermal requirements for whole Britain. The Scotland got more degree days i.e 2600 as compared to London 2100 degree days. Therefore that factor would be considered in the design process of the building.

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5.2.5 Wind Factor Site location according to its height from sea level is very important. The lesser the height from the sea level is the stronger the wind effect would be. Glasgow is very windy place and therefore the direction of the wind would be considered. The door location and entrance also depend on this factor. The wind reduces the temperature therefore designing of spaces for windows, doors and spacing would be based after determining the direction of the wind.

5.3 Recommendation of Transport and Bio fuels usage As My project is initiative towards greener construction i.e minimum use of energy and

reduced emission of carbon. I would like to all engineers to be picked by one Van, therefore no car will be allowed. Therefore less fuel will be used, and all be picked in one bus. As most workers start almost the shift almost the same time, the staff and management will be picked. It was assumed, local company was hired for carry out this construction work. “Bio-fuels are the best way of reducing the emission of the greenhouse gases’’.

The Bus should be using bio fuel as they are renewable sources unlike petroleum fuels which are derived from fossils. Bio Fuel is made up of vegetable oils, animal’s fats and grease therefore environmental friendly. In this way, a lot of energy lost through the consumption of the fuel could be saved and carbon emission could be reduced.

5.4 Material Selection according to thermal Value As detailed in my planning stage activities will be carried out accordance with European Codes and where appropriate From the Govt organization website like Green build provides extensive information according to latest British requirements set for achieving the target of zero carbon Construction. The guidelines were set in latest building regulations which are available in planning portal website. I am using this for using environmentally friendly material. The company technical data which I am using Baudar which has won the FRA Green build Award 2009.

5.4.1 IntroductionAs my I am working on energy efficient on project therefore material selection was based keeping in view of their structural strength along with the their environmental impact. In planning stage, activities were decided on the basis of practical construction idea i.e starting from foundations to roof in theory it works other way around we have to design superstructure first so that we could calculate their loads and substructure as it is going to take all the load comes after.

5.4.2 Green Roof Selection The idea of green roof seems very attractive to me because it provides nice landscape also environmentally friendly since quite nontraditional in Britain is getting increasingly popularity due to its structural and functional use.

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5.4.3 Justification of Roof Selection There are loads of advantages but few main one were considered are as follow.

It reduces burden on SUDS in by reducing runoff water because it takes water into plantation and release it back in the form of evaporation. Sir Michael Pitt submitted Final Report on 2007 Flooding known as 'Learning lessons from the 2007 floods' states that "new developments should not expect to be automatically connected to the public drainage system." Therefore in the light of that report I think new development conventional roof makes it harder for exiting drainage system to coup with their design specification. Green roof can retain up to 80 % rain water and up to 35 % in winter.

5.4.4 Thermal Value and Increased Energy Efficiency As it is commercial building in summer we can save energy of air conditioning for cooling purpose because green roof naturally helps the building to be cool during summer and also it helps little bit to increase thermal performance of structure in winter by retaining heat depending how wet it is.

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5.4.5 Increase roof life spanGreen roof increases the strength of water proof membrane therefore increases overall life span of the roof.

5.4.6 Improved air and water qualityGreen roof makes the environment cleaner by absorbing the harmful particles from local area and therefore leaving lesser pollutants in local water runoff.

5.4.7 Reduced Noise PollutionGreen roof reduces noise transfer due to its structure, for external up to 3db and internal noise up to 8db therefore recommended for its industrial use.

5.5.1 Use of Recycled Material Many waste material or recycled material can be used in the construction of the green roof and it also replaces the green land lost due to construction.

Typical Green Roof (Similar to mine Chosen)

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5.5.1 Pre Cast concrete Units as structural support for Roof and upper Floor & Solid Ground Concrete Floor These panels are ready made in different sizes and they would be transported the site and could be assembled quickly.

5.5.1.1 Justification for this selection It is faster method of construction and it saves time. This is the part of modern method of construction. It is economic It produces less waste, may involve less transport of the materials It is energy efficient and environmentally friendly. Less impact on local people

5.5.2 Technical Details The design data was taken from Euro code 2 for Concrete Design. The depth of the concrete is 250 mm including screed.

5.5.2.1 Solid Ground Floor The solid ground floor slab I have chosen is Concrete floor with smooth tile finish. The concrete slab thickness was assumed 250 mm which is suitable for it structural point of view.

5.5.3 Blinding and Thermal performance The blinding layer would be 600 mm which is maximum for this arrangement It would consist of Brick rubble, well graded gravel, well graded quarry waste, Hard burnt Clinker, Pulverized Fuel Ash

The function of the insulation to reduce heat loss through the floor and through walls by reducing thermal bridging

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Vapour control layer is introduced to prevent from moisture produced due to drying up of concrete, Extruded Polystyrene Solid Floor Insulation would be used by me as it is strong enough to hold the weight of the concrete and also it has very good thermal performance.

5.5.4 Cladding Selection (Fiber C outer Skin cover & Brick and Block Cladding)I am using Fiber C façade panels to cover building leaving same look as they are concrete buildings.

5.6.1 Cladding Criteria Followed Traditionally brickwork has been selected for low and medium rise building. From my HND notes, it must address following requirements.

Capable of holding both and negative wind pressure. Good thermal insulation Must provide fire resistance Must also able to provide daylight and ventilation Must be attractive Provide resistance to water penetration

5.6.1 Justification of Fiber C (concrete skin)I. It is cost effective and environmentally friendly material.

II. It meets that standard for sustainability as 95 percent of it made up of natural material like sand, cement and fiber Glass. It can be completely recycled.

III. It is weatherproof and lightweight Waterproof according to EN 12467IV. It is recommended by Green Spec WebsiteV. It may consist of 55 percent recycled material

VI. It is lightweight with very low toxic material.VII. It is waterproof and fire resistant

VIII. It meets the requirements of European Standards i.e n. The look and quality of [fibre C] corresponds to EN 1339 DIN EN 12467 01-12-2006, approval DfBT Z - 31.1.79 and DIN 18202 10 2005

IX. Thermal and rain testing according to EN 12467X. It has passed ETA European approval Test.

XI. Fire resistance - class A1 to DIN - Thermal stability up to 350 degrees C - Passed tunnel fire tests with temperatures of over 1200 degrees C

5.6.2 Technical Data The panel size would be - 3600 mm x 1200 mm Minimum panel size - 600 mm x 300 mm 13mm thick (Thickness tolerance maximum +/- 1mm ) Flat weight = c. 32 kg per m2

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5.6.3 Colour code (Sand stone)From cladding solutions manufacturer website, I am choosing this data I would like to use Sandstone as external cover.

Likely external view of my cladding

5.6.4 Brick & Block Work It basically consist two walls outer wall is made up of brick and inner is made up of Blocks. The two walls have minimum gap of 50 mm for insulation. These walls are tied

They were selected because

It provides good fire resistance They are made up of natural materials Modern day construction material is more energy efficient due to use of sun energy and

advanced heating methods. Provides excellent sound insulation, heat and wind protection due to heavy structure. Any further development or opening in the structure could easily be adopted It provides Wind resistance. It would be water resistant as it is covered by Fiber C (outer skin). Block provides excellent surface for plastering

5.6.5 Cavity wall TieThe use of cavity wall tie is to hold the two walls the standard I am using 150 mm long. Wall ties are usually 900mm apart horizontally and 450mm vertically. They are usually galvanized steel. They role is important for strength and sustainability of the walls. For Energy efficiency as recommended by Green Building Website I would be using Teplo basalt fibre wall tie which is most energy efficient material

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Standard masonry wall

5.6.6 Technical Details Design should conform to BS 5628–1: 1992 (Code of practice for use of masonry. Wall ties to BS EN 845–1: 2003 External cover of Fiber would be 13mm. Standard brick size is 215 × 102.5 × 65 mm 50 mm spacing for insulation between inner and outer leaf i.e. between brick and Block. The standard block size is 440 x 215 mm. I am using lightweight 100 mm dense concrete

block. Under this combination the U value of insulation would be 0.26.

5.6.7 Insulation Therma fleece would be used as part of my insulation material made up of wool of British Hill sheep.. I have chosen this arrangement because

It is environmentally friendly It is energy efficient as recommended by Green building website It is recyclable and has life of 50 years. It can absorbs moisture without damaging its thermal efficiency It is completely safe to handle.

5.6.8 Technical details It is BBA approved under Certificate Number 02/3950 Thermal conductivity value  0.038 W/m.K and certified under ISO 8302

5.6.9 Front curtain Walling To make builder look more attractive front part is covered with Glazed curtain walling and for making it thermally suitable to fulfill building regulations and to control heat loss, double

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glazing would be used which has very low thermal value or U value. For impressive look and to make my office look more attractive the front part of the office would have glazed curtain walling. For thermal compatibility and reduced heat loss, I will be using double glazing glass. As comparatively expensive, it was avoided in the rest of building. It is supported throughout the span of floor by mullions which are all wind resistant. Double glazing provides enough sound and thermal insulation and it is also fire resistant.

Example of use of glazing in office

5.7.0 First Floor selection (Concrete Decking) o Floor should be able to uphold the forces acting on it ,o Must be fire resistant.o Must provide good sound insulation and can accommodate services.o Must be damp proof.o Must contain thermal insulation for reduced heat loss. o Must be durable and should last longer with minimum maintenance needed in future.

5.7.1 Roof Structure and Size Additionally my green roof selection also satisfies following criteria.

Provide enough resistance to weather Resist any forces from winds, its own weight, wind loads and imposed loads. Conform to thermal expansion, conform to Section 6 of Building Regulations Conform to Part B of the Building Regulations as for as fire resistance is concerned.

5.7.2 Selection of Sections (structural Framework) & Design Layout There were three basic things which I have to choose to form a steel framework of the building. I have been given to workout in 980 m2 building in which 20 cars park spacing were required and office space requirement was 750 m2. The main design was made according to the limits included in my brief. The spacing of the door, corridors, main entrance, toilets spaces, disabled toilets and other arrangements were chosen by the Guide known as Metric Handbook Planning and Design Data an authentic code for design purpose in Britain. Spacing were adequate 900 mm for any opening in the building.

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Fire exits are provided and two set of stairs were introduced just to provide additional passage in case of fire.

About 2 meters were left all around for the building to allow enough space for Foundation and to provide landscape and passage to users of office building to leave from three exits.

To satisfy the above criteria

The units used are millimeters and meters. Site plan is 28 m x 35 m which totals 980 m2. The road attached width is 7300 m chosen from Traffic Manual saved in Y drive my

college account The pavement attached to the road had got standard width of 2.0 m chosen from same

source. I have chosen 18 columns with spacing of 6.l m spacing with last column spacing of 6.6

m horizontally Vertically there are three columns with spacing of 5.8 m in each column. The primary

beams have same dimension as shown in drawings attached. The corridors and stairs spaces were selected according to functionality and were taken

from Metric Handbook and Design Data. Provision for the disable people were taken, all corridors, corridors and lift were designed

to have enough space for them. Design Manual recommends for 750 minimum spaces for such openings.

Typical dimension for standard wheelchair

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5.7.3 Car ParkStandard 20 spaces for car were required and as per British requirement are concerned at least two spaces required for disabled parking. The minimum size for car park chosen was 2.4 m x 4.8 m.

5.7.4 Disable Car Park Space It was vitally important to take considerations of Disability Discrimination Act 1995 dedicated two spaces were constructed for disabled people to meet minimum standards. At least 5 % of all the parking bays must be reserved for disabled visitors. They were located near the front entrance for their convenience and path has been indentified to their space and they must be singed properly or painted.

Typical disabled signed

5.7.5 Ramp The ramp was designed in accordance with the requirements of modern constructions since Britain population contains significant number of disable people therefore we have to consider this requirement for front door entrance. For this purpose ramp was introduced.

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5.7.6 Spaces for Cyclist The parking spaces were made in order to promote healthy way of life and it saves fuel consumption and since Britain is promoting cyclist by introducing cycle lanes it is vital important to have this.

5.7.7 Green LandscapeMy car park have Green landscape, purpose of this is to provide natural habitat and also grass help reduce pollution from diesel spillage and it is attractive and makes the office look impressive.

This type of landscaping would be used in car park.

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5.7.8 Site layout (construction phase)So my dimension for site is at 28 m x 35 m

Selection of Columns Selection of Secondary Beams Selection of Primary Beams

5.7.9 Selection of the columns For drawing purpose I only had to locate the positioning of the columns and once load assessment of the structure is done, at that stage I could be able to choose specific section from Steel tables produced by Corus Construction Website. These tables come with their structural and functional properties1.

5.8.0 Site PreparationIt takes roughly about 14 weeks to have delivery of steel on site after order. In the meantime foundation could be made ready for installation of steel columns

5.8.1 Connections All the sections on the site would be delivered and then bolted on the site, for saving money and time we would have two mobile cranes for installation of our columns and beams.

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5.8.2 FIRE PROTECTION FOR STRUCTURAL STEEL WORK

5.8.3 Sprinkles For the fire protection purpose, it is mandatory I would strongly recommend my client to use sprinkles. Research shows they over 90 percent of fire could be controlled by four sprinklers and they are highly proven effective to spread the path of fire.

It controls fire from start because of its working which is exploding bulb principle. So in case of fire bulb explodes, that automatically start water supply from sprinkler. Therefore the fire could be controlled at very early stage since water damage is not significant as compared to its functionality its highly recommend and its requirement for the office building. It must address the technical requirements of the Building regulations.

5.8.4 Aggregates Aggregate should in the construction of the floor would be energy efficient because I would use recycled material provided it is of almost same strength as of virgin aggregate most comprehensive information had been provided in HND technology notes about Stapletion International Airport.

5.8.5 Environmental Impact Air contamination Oil solvents and paints metals Use of resource like water Grid electricity use of source Water pollution Drummed or tinkered waste (injurious to human health ) Visual intrusion Wild life

5.8.6 Mitigation of the Environmental impact So for the continuation of the construction process of this project was taken forward considering the these issues, mostly I had tried to come alternative solutions, my approach is clearly highlighted as recommendation from the government for the mitigation of the environmental impact focus on use of following to address these issues.

Environmental standards must according to IS0 1400:1 1996 Use of Recycled material Extending the life of structure or durability Reduction of construction waste or landfill.

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5.8.7 Risk Assessment Every project has its own issues and environmental risks involved. As an Engineer mine approach is to work out these risks in any specific logical manner and then compared with its economical or overall benefits. The procedure I would be following will of following five steps.

Risk Management Procedure for this project

5.8.8 Comparison After applying this strategy and were compared with BREAM (BRE Environmental Assessment Method), then alternative systems would be advised.

5.8.9 Use of Material Safety Data Sheet1. Any hazardous material comes with a manufacture data sheet which gives information

about its use and how the chemical must be handled. The instructions should be followed throughout construction project

2. Mould oil is highly dangerous they must be stored in bounded secured compound, and should always be away from moving vehicles.

3. Minimum distance which will be kept would be 10 meters from watercourse and at least 50 meters of well or borehole.

5.9.0 Sustainable Drainage System (SUDS)After April 2006 it is law in Scotland to provide new developments SUDS system for drainage of runoff water. I am using this arrangements for road built for this site because

It can prevent contamination of water due to pollutants contained in surface water like grease, suspended solids, fuel etc It can easily filter petrol, diesel spillage, Nitrates, road salt and grit particles.

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Recognise

FeedbackDefine SystemIndentify Hazards

Analyse

Continuing HazardsHazards from FailureAnalyse Effects /Consequences

Assess

Assess overall riskFrequencies x Consequences

Evaluate

Reject/ Accept Riskcomparing code of practice/targets

Correct

Modify systemNo change monitor

Through Detention process we can recycle water for site use, can prevent underground water reservoir and can prevent any possible harm could have caused to contamination of water.

5.9.1 Use of Recycled aggregate in the foundation (Gorbals source)The use of recycle aggregate addresses my sustainability agenda of this project. Recycled aggregate could be used for his purpose. Anything locally manufactured or mined not only help local economy but also helps reduces cost in the fuel and also saves emissions result from delivery vans. Also use of aggregate is energy efficient as in that case we do not have to mine them resulting more fuel used for blasting rocks and crushing them to require size needed.

Gorbals in the Southside of Glasgow could be good source of (recycled) aggregate where the high rise flats were recently demolished.

Rubble could be used as ground fill

and other waste material from blast furnace like hard burnt clinker and pulverized Fuel Ash could be used for same purpose where could be adjusted.

5.9.2 Car park & permeable block pavement For the layout purpose I have indentified in layout that I would use pavement construction. My project focuses on Energy Efficiency and Sustainability I am Using Permeable Block pavement for pavement in car park.

5.9.3 Justification & Background In 2007 flood damaged Britain 57000 homes due to rivers and also due to the overload drainage. The Government reports suggests that many more are at risk due to increased urbanization and increased load on drainage system also due to unpredictable weather and global climate change. Even in Dec 2010, the extreme cold weather broke all records and it was coldest month in 100 years. Recent devastating floods in July 2010 of Pakistan is another example of Climate change which shows unpredictable excessive rainfall could cause flooding at any time of the year.

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Therefore it is increasingly import ant new developments runoff water should be discharged safely and sustainable approach must be adopted.

This arrangement improves runoff water quality by removing pollutants from it. According to CIRIA C609, 2004 on performance of Permeable Pavement it can reduces filtrate hydrocarbons up to 90 %, phosphorous to 80 %, Nitrogen to 80 %. Therefore Helps biodiversity and environmentally friendly.

Decreases the amount of water The design must conform to SUDS Manual (CIRIA 2007 )

Typical Block pavement for Car park

6.0.0 Calculations with Euro-codes The design methods adopted From BS EN 1993:2005 Euro codes 3: Design of Steel

Structures BS EN 1991 Actions on Structures (Load Safety Factors as given in Steel Notes 1.25 Gk

+ 1.5 Qk

Steel Grade S275 is chosen. BS EN 1990 Actions on Load Euro code 2 for concrete Design BS 5950 -1 for checking Deflection as there is no provision in Euro-code Bolts used are M20 class 8.8 grade Fck Concrete class 25N/mm2

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Minimum length of the base plate would be at least equal to the flange of the UKC column.

Bedding space should be 25 to 50 mm between concrete column and base plate.

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Evaluation Stage6.1.0 Self Assessment (Time line) This project was handed in the draft form to us in Nov 2010 and composed of three main parts.

Planning Development Evaluation Two deadlines were set, one for Planning stage which was 3rd Dec 2010 Development stage &Evaluation stages were supposed to be submitted before or on 20th

May 2011.

Planning stage was done in time and was handed in and I was supposed to set up a different dates in that stage which I have to follow during the project. My main activities were decided and I have set certain dates in my planning stage and in this part of my project I am supposed to compare difficulties and issues and problems which I have faced through and my activities as compared to my initial set dates in planning stage.

6.1.1 Sections Strategy in Development Section and Evaluation StrategyFor the simplicity of my project I have split the development into different sections according to their significance and I would recommended this because

It actually helps us to progress on the different activities at same time, provided they are not dependent on each other.

It makes easy to read from title and sections one can easy access any part without taking longer time to search information and all the activities get covered in these sections.

My main detailed area of research was Sustainability, Energy Efficiency and Frame design. Generally as for today I would add that activities took longer than their set dates. Issues were different according to their implications. For this section I have adopted same approach So that reader of this project could exactly know where I got problem and how I have tackled them. So I start from the very beginning

6.1.2 Issues with Time Management

6.1.3 Contract Management The first thing was to choose the contract arrangement for this project, now this part was considered by me very easy, I thought it a straightforward from number of contract arrangement

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but when literature was reviewed, it seems like every contract arrangement got some demerits so harder was the justification for choosing that arrangement. The main problem was, as there is no contract arrangement recommended for construction works and when you come to advantages of any contract in literature review, most contract arrangements seem perfect but when their disadvantages are taken to consideration, all seems void. However the confusion was resolved, when I read book (Code of Practice for Project Management) by Charter Institute of Building. This book was defined as client orientated document by Author.

So extensive research was done by me in terms of comparing different arrangements and my justification was detailed in Development section for choosing Design and Build Contract. It took about 15 to 21 days so quite longer than expected to be.

6.1.4 Health and Safety Health and safety got significant importance in modern day construction project. Loads of information is provided in HSE website and HNC and HND notes but the problem was to choose specific information relevant to this project, therefore my effort was to choose most relevant regulations which could be implemented in my case. That was time consuming in terms I have to go through all the literature provided.

6.1.5 Green roof Selection Literature available on internet put light on loads of advantages of Green roofing but unfortunately mine time consuming thing was to reference it, although in planning stage I clearly mentioned about research organization where possible I would use their data but still lack of regulations could make my stance weaker or invalid. Fortunately I found about GRO Green Roof Code of Best Practice for the UK 2011 and therefore problem resolved.

6.1.6 Frame Design and Drawings Drawings take more time because the confusions exits since drawing is not complete our progressions stops in many parts of project. Since the spanning of the beams, then designing of the building according to latest standards and the justification for each space was time consuming and Manual for Standard size helped to draw the building plan.

It took long time over the confusion of the span, sections selections, and most importantly actions of different load in course notes.

There are also standards for workstations and office space in the Workplace Health, Safety & Welfare Regulations 1992.

6.1.7 Contract SelectionAlthough Design & Build contract was chosen after careful consideration.

But this arrangement also got some disadvantages like less control over the specification of quality of work

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more control in contractor hands Appointment of Design Team

In future these disadvantages would be considered against my client requirements

6.1.8 Health and Safety Section Although all possible Health and Safety regulations were taken into consideration. Since in practice there more challenges and risks involved, it is most probable that I would have missed some points like computer Screen Safety and in future I would try to focus on this issue by exploring more literature and visiting construction sites.

6.1.9 Welfare Facilities Although HNC study notes were followed as for allocation of the site accommodation is concerned and in the drawing I have shown it is just near to front access, although this arrangement looks quite attractive, since in practice the scenario could be different therefore I would recommend in future I would go through more useful space for the allocation of the welfare facilities based on operational point of the view.

7.0.0 Energy Efficiency I have reviewed different literature from different research organization, most of them are in the process of getting better results i.e. experimenting different materials to get lowest value. Main trouble was to link materials with their environmental performance and provision of their references. Now these things take time, since there is no absolute specification in Market, hopefully in future broader picture could be revealed hopefully authentic approved data is in market in near future. More literature and research work will improve mine work if I have to do it again in future.

7.0.1 Energy Appliances (Solar Panel) Although I tried to cover up the energy efficiency, I have read literature about the new energy efficient appliance, like installation of solar panel and Since I have seen in Local Metro on Sunday that there is now a full page advertisement for installment of solar panel in Scotland in relatively economical cost covered up in installments, I have missed this option for my project, also I have not been able to review the literature about solar panel performances, in future energy efficient appliances would be at the top of my agenda. I would like to take considerable note on them.

Frame design and Lessons learntMain lessons learnt after doing this project are as follows:

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7.0.2 Calculations & drawings I would have finished my project on 19th April 2011 if there were no calculations and drawings. In drawings considerations of spaces were vitally important, most time consumed was for the selections of Sections and decision for the spanning, now this part I have not touched steel notes till the very last few weeks, I was quite reluctant to use anything from already made plan, therefore this confusion took me down, but after selecting sections and doing calculations It was resolved, had there been initial calculations and drawings ready I would have submitted earlier and most probably according to time limit set in planning stage.

Other was actions and self weights of different elements, I picked green roof because it’s new idea but where to get sizes and self weights of different layers was greatest problem since new recommended things exits therefore any research organization data would have worked. Therefore from Baudar Company I ordered a Brochure for Roof and I was lucky to get that by post that resolved this issue.

The confusion raised for external cladding for UDL as I had to produce in KN/m but I was getting through concrete centre data was KN/m2 therefore I was stuck, this kind of confusions needed to be resolved earlier, it continued to end, since very last day, therefore calculations time was short, and same does with the drawings as the drawing depend on calculations, therefore my all motivation and hard work for rest of the project ended up with no great calculations work. Hopefully I have learnt the lesson for future, whatever the project might be I would do calculations and drawings first and then go to theoretical part of it. That is main lesson learnt from this project.

6.1.6 Personal Progression i. This project boosted my confidence to undertake any project in the future.

ii. Steel Structures and their details are well updated to me, and also have learnt a lot more about the Euro code.

iii. This project gives me a chance to go through a wider range of research work as for energy efficiency is concerned. This therefore enabled me to work on other books rather than course thus developed my broader understanding.

iv. Linking the different stages of constructions, this project gave me better idea of modern construction right from beginning to its end.

v. It refreshed my memory and we get back in touch with our course notes and work done in past, which helps to keep our knowledge fresh.

vi. It would have good impact on my CV, as I can include this as my work as project.

Recommendations for Future Project i. By the time now as the Euro codes are new in market, hopefully literature found would

be more updated, again the approach would be a little bit different.

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ii. Drawings and Calculations must be done initially without taking anything else into consideration I would like to start from the beginning of the project and also will start drawing first.

iii. Consultation with lecturers could be started from day one, if we have something to show to get their feedback.

iv. There may be more focus on Sustainability and greener aspect of the project in future and I hope more information would be available to support our work.

v. For college administration I would like to add it better if we finish course earlier and then handed in Graded Unit to do it in holidays and keeping in touch with lecturers if any issue needed to discuss because during this year the project was already handed in and we have studied things later during the last three months of our course.

References

Civil Engineering Project Management by Alan C. Twort, J. Gordon Rees

Construction planning, programming and control Third Edition by Wiley-Blackwell.

Code of Practice for Project Management For construction and Development Third Edition by Black well publishing.

HNC AND HND CONTRACT MANGEMENT NOTES

Health and Safety Notes HND

Civil Engineering Technology Notes HND

HNC Traffic Engineering Notes

Structural Steel Notes HND

Sub-structure Notes HNC

The Green Building Bible Volume 2, the low energy design technical reference By Richard Nicholls (Green Building Press)

Metric Handbook Design and Data By David Elder

Car park Guidance Notes Published by Sports England Publications

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http://www.shepwedd.co.uk/knowledge/published-articles/article/88/construction-procurement-in-the-uk-an-update/year/2007/5/

http://www.palgrave.com/PDFs/9780230521650.Pdf

http://www.ogc.gov.uk/documents/Contract_Management.pdf

http://www.pp.okstate.edu/arch/Chopshop/New%20Folder/A11.pdf

http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/HAElshakour/GE%20402/Topic_10_Types%20of%20construction%20contracts.pdf

http://www.archcairo.org/Department/ABT/ARCN305/LECTURES/LECTURE%205.pdf

http://www.palgrave.com/PDFs/9780230521650.Pdf

http://constructionadvisortoday.com/2010/01/experts-stress-the-importance-of-putting-it-in-writing-in-design-and-construction-contracts.html

http://www.waterways.org.uk/pdf/restoration/the_use_of_nec__engineering_and_construction_contract

http://www.biofuel.org.uk/biofuel-from-waste.html

www.targetzero.info

http://www.surveyorsreports.co.uk/wall_tie_survey_report.htm

http://saferdesign.org/Documents/Construction%20Vechical%20Management%20(hsg144).pdf

http://www.clearingtheairscotland.com

http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/research/library/publications/33889.aspx

http://www.claddingsolutions.com/products/30/

http://www.cba-blocks.org.uk

http://www.insulation.kingspan.com/uk/pdf/tw50.pdf

http://www.aluminium-shopfronts.co.uk/green_&_secure.htm

http://www.paving.org.uk/permeable.php

http://www.lowenergyhouse.com/solid-floor-insulation.html

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Project checklist for completion of the project

No Activities Required for Project CheckList

1 Interpretation of brief2 Material and Sources 3 Sustainability Agenda4 Construction process5 The layout of the site (before and after construction)6 Foundations 7 Layout of the building 8 Design of structural framework9 Construction material10 Justification of selection 11 Specialist Areas i.e Energy Efficiency and Frame Design 12 Procurement path 13 Adequate schedules, drawings and Calculations14 Use of up to date regulations, codes and standards15 CAD Drawings of layout arrangements, foundations and

structural details 16 Security Fencing and justification17 Temporary accommodation and site office18 Temporary or permanent road arrangement19 Type of roads 20 Car park type and size 21 Lesson learnt during the project22 Critical evaluation of the outcome achieved23 Comparison with initial target set24 Identification of the feedback to address problems25 Realistic evaluation of the project

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