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STEAMTECFLUIDISED BED SOLUTIONS

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The utilisation of renewable resources becomes all the more important

when rising to the challenge of sustainable development. The use of

fuels that have a neutral CO2 balance helps slow down climate change

and brings greater financial advantages.

During the last few years, fluidised bed combustion has been one of

the most popular combustion techniques in Scandinavian multi-fuel bio-

energy boilers. Fluidised bed boilers enable the efficient combustion of

a wide range of different solid combustibles. This brings flexibility and

financial advantages in the utilisation of the fluidised bed plant. With the

help of an efficient and modern combustion system, the plant emissions

are extremely low.

The Steamtec fluidised bed solution of Vapor Finland enables the efficient

and ecological utilisation of biomass and recycled combustibles in the

power range of 5 – 100 MW. Whether it is about the production of district

heat, process steam or electricity, our expertise in design allows us to of-

fer tailored boiler plants to meet the exact needs of our customers.

Vapor wants to participate in the life of the boiler plant also after the deliv-

ery. We offer maintenance services for the plants, so that our customers

can concentrate on their core area of expertise, the production of energy.

We can also design and carry out alteration work on old boilers. In ad-

dition, we offer know-how and deliver systems in the remote control and

monitoring of boiler plants.

Turn to Vapor for comprehensive know-how in the energy industry!

A WIDE RANGE OF SOLUTIONS FOR UTILISING BIOMASS

Bed Sand

Start-up burner

Refractory

Primary air nozzle

Bottom ash

Bottom tube

Wind boxBottom ash conveyor

Container

Secondary air nozzle

Bottom ash discharge duct

Gate valve

Wall tube

FURNACEFuel feeding chute

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In the fluidised bed boiler, the fluidisation is generated by introducing a

flow of preheated air through the grate’s air nozzles, which makes the

sand bed become fluidised. The biomass fuel is added to the sand bed

by a fuel feed system, which is located above the fluidised bed. The

preheated air acts as the primary combustion air. Additional combustion

air is injected into the upper combustion zone of the furnace to burn the

pyrolysis gases efficiently. The sand bed enhances the mixing of fuel

and the transfer of heat.

The Steamtec fluidised bed plant utilises a natural circulation boiler with

a water pipe structure in which the water-cooled bed grate is integrated

with the pressure vessel of the boiler. This reliable and low-maintenance

structure can be utilised in the combined generation of electricity and

heat (CHP) and in the generation of district heat and process steam.

Our technique includes the efficient removal of coarse material (metal,

stones, concrete) off the grate. The proportion of the opening to the area

of the grate is roughly a third, which leads to a better usability than in

the most typical fluidised bed boilers available on the market. In order

to minimize emissions, it is always ensured that the dwell time of the

combustion gases in the furnace is sufficient.

THE STEAMTEC FLUIDISED BED TECHNIQUEEFFICIENT UTILISATION OF BIOMASS

START-UP

FURNACE

ECONOMIZER

SEC. PASS

THIRD PASS

BOILER-BANK

PRIMARYSUPERHEAT.

SECONDARYSUPERHEAT.

TERTIARYSUPERHEAT.

MCOOLING WATER

ASH CONVEYOR

M

SECONDARY AIR FAN

M

MM

MM

M

M

FUEL SILO

SANDSILO

PRIMARY AIR FAN

M

FUELBIN

BURNER

ASHCONTAINER

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PROVEN PLANT TECHNIQUE TO MEET THE CUSTOMER’S NEEDSThe figure clarifies the operating principles of the power plant. On

the basis of a careful mapping of the customer’s needs, Vapor

offers its customers the correct delivery and process design.

ONOMIZER

E.S.P.

GTURBINE

FEED WATER TANK

RAW WATER

DEMINERALIZATION

FEED WATER PUMPS

FLUE GAS FAN

M

STACK

M

M

FLY ASHSILO

M

BLOW DOWN TANKM

M

CONTINUOS BLOW DOWN TANK

M

M

MAKE-UP WATER TANK

DISTRICT HEATEXCHANGER

MAKE-UPWATER PUMPS

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Vapor Finland offers Steamtec technique in a ready-made, functional

plant. The project content usually covers the installation of all equipment

and systems connected to the operation of the plant:

• Power plant design and detailed engineering

• The fuel reception area, handling and introduction

• Ash removal and handling

• Steam boiler / hot water boiler

• Turbine generator

• Accessory equipment and systems

• Electrification, instrumentation, automation

• Boiler construction

• Complete Power plant construction, project management

and site supervision

• Erection, commissioning, training, maintenance services

Our cooperation network encompasses the leading component and sys-

tem manufacturers of the energy business. Therefore, also in the case

of accessory equipment, Vapor plant delivery is complemented by the

best know-how in the business.

POWER RANGES AND PRODUCT LAYOUTSeven ready-tailored Steamtec fluidised bed plants are available with-

in the standard power range of 5 – 100 MW. In addition to the standard

power range, solutions can be tailored according to the customer’s

specific needs.

All power ranges are available for heat and steam plants. We also offer

power plants for the combined generation of heat and electricity (CHP)

up from 12 MW.

A COMPREHENSIVE DELIVERY IN ALL SIZE RANGES

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The bubbling fluidised bed boiler is excellent for multi-fuel usage. The fuel

mixture can contain several different combustibles from wood-based and agri-

culture based combustibles to recyclable combustibles and peat.

SUITABLE COMBUSTIBLESThe most typical combustibles in our solutions are wood-based combus-

tibles, such as wood chips, bark and sawdust. Other suitable combustibles

are milled and sod peat. As a side flow, waste and recyclable combustibles,

reed canary grass, straw, coal and various types of sludge can also be uti-

lised. We always offer fuel handling equipment according to the require-

ments of the customer’s range of combustibles.

The Steamtec fluidised bed solution allows the use of wet combustibles,

such as moisture contents of 65 % for wood and up to 70 % for milled peat,

without auxiliary combustion. Normally, the moisture content of the combus-

tibles varies between 35 – 65 %.

ADVANTAGES OF THE PLANTThe Steamtec fluidised bed solution is an overall economical solution. The

usability of the so-called difficult combustibles is excellent in our fluidised

bed solutions. This can be clearly seen when using, for example, recycled

wood, because the Steamtec fluidised bed grate’s ability to utilise combus-

tibles containing a significant amount of metal impurities is remarkably good.

These fuels are available at low-cost. On the other hand, our combustion

solution also enables the utilisation of combustibles with very low calorific

value, which also directly leads to more cost-effective energy production

The advantages of the Steamtec fluidised bed combustion include low emissions

of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxides, as well as a high level of

efficiency. Moreover, the structure of the boiler is simple and low-maintenance.

The fluidised bed combustion is a modern way of utilising biomass, peat

and recycled fuels.

• The level of efficiency is typically over 90 %.

• Usability 95 – 97 %.

• An extremely low percentage of unburned hydrocarbons and CO.

• Good turn down ratio 1:5.

• Low level of emissions.

• A mechanically simple and low-maintenance solution.

• Long service life.

SUITABLE COMBUSTIBLES AND BENEFITS OF THE PLANT

VAPOR FINLAND OY • Messipojantie 20, FI-90520 OULU, FINLAND Tel. +358 8 561 2500 • Fax +358 8 561 2511 vapor@vapor.fi • firstname.lastname@vapor.fi • www.vaporfinland.com