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U.S
. D
epar
tmen
t of
Just
ice
Off
ice
of J
ustic
e Pr
ogra
ms
Bur
eau
of J
ustic
e St
atist
ics
Cri
min
al J
ustic
e In
form
atio
n Po
licy.I
Stat
utes
Req
uiri
ng th
e U
se
of C
rim
inal
His
tory
R
ecor
d ~n
form
atio
n
June
W1,NCJ-1298%
U.S.
Dep
artm
ent
of J
usti
ce
Off
ice
of J
ustic
e Pr
ogra
ms
Bur
eau
of J
ustic
e St
atis
tics
Stev
en D
. Dill
ingh
am, P
h.D
. D
irec
tor
Ack
now
ledg
men
ts.
Thi
s re
port
was
pre
pare
d by
SE
AR
CH
G
roup
, Inc
., G
ary
L. B
ush,
Cha
irm
an, a
nd G
ary
R.
Coo
per,
E
xecu
tive
Dir
ecto
r. T
he p
roje
ct d
irec
tor w
as S
heila
J. B
arto
n,
Dir
ecto
r, L
aw a
nd P
olic
y Pr
ogra
m. T
his r
epor
t was
pre
pare
d by
Pa
ul L
. Woo
dard
, Sen
ior C
ouns
el. T
he fe
dera
l pro
ject
mon
itor w
as
Car
ol G
. Kap
lan,
Chi
ef, F
eder
al S
tatis
tics
and
Info
rmat
ion
Polic
y B
ranc
h, B
urea
u of
Jus
tice
Stat
istic
s.
Rep
ort o
f w
ork
perf
orm
ed u
nder
BJS
Gra
nt N
o. 8
7-B
J-C
X-K
079,
aw
arde
d to
SE
AR
CH
Gro
up, I
nc.,
73 11
Gre
enha
ven
Dri
ve, S
uite
14
5, S
acra
men
to, C
alif
orni
a 95
831.
Con
tent
s of
this
doc
umen
t do
not n
eces
sari
ly re
flec
t the
vie
ws,
pol
icie
s or l
egal
ana
lyse
s of
the
Bur
eau
of J
ustic
e St
atis
tics o
r the
U.S.D
epar
tmen
t of
Just
ice.
Su
mm
arie
s and
par
aphr
asin
gs o
f leg
al p
rovi
sion
s ar
e th
ose
of th
e au
thor
.
Cop
yrig
ht O
SE
AR
CH
Gro
up, I
nc.
1991
The
U.S
. Dep
artm
ent o
f Ju
stic
e au
thor
izes
any
per
son
to re
prod
uce,
pu
blis
h, tr
ansl
ate
or o
ther
wis
e us
e al
l or a
ny p
art o
f th
e co
pyri
ghte
d m
ater
ial i
n th
is p
ublic
atio
n w
ith th
e ex
cept
ion
of th
ose
item
s in
dica
ting
that
they
are
cop
yrig
hted
or r
epri
nted
by
any
sour
ce o
ther
th
an S
EA
RC
H G
roup
, Inc
.
The
Ass
ista
nt A
ttorn
ey G
ener
al, O
ffic
e of
Jus
tice
Prog
ram
s,
coor
dina
tes t
he a
ctiv
ities
of t
he fo
llow
ing
prog
ram
off
ices
and
bu
reau
s: t
he B
urea
u of
Jus
tice
Stat
istic
s, N
atio
nal I
nstit
ute
of
Just
ice,
Bur
eau
of J
ustic
e A
ssis
tanc
e, O
ffic
e of
Juv
enile
Jus
tice
and
Del
inqu
ency
Pre
vent
ion,
and
the
Off
ice
for V
ictim
s of
Cri
me.
Tabl
e of
Con
tent
s
intr
oduc
tion
1
Ove
rvie
w
1
Stru
ctur
e and
Con
tent
2
Ta
ble
1 Su
mm
ary
of s
tate
stat
utes
requ
iring
the
use
of c
rimin
al h
isto
ry re
cord
in
form
atio
n by
sta
te an
d ca
tego
ry
3
Par
t I: B
ail D
ecis
ions
5
Ta
ble2
St
atut
es re
quiri
ng o
r per
mitt
ing
prio
r crim
inal
reco
rds t
o be
con
side
red
in
bai
l dec
isio
ns 7
Par
t ii:
Sen
tenc
ing
11
Upg
rade
d C
harg
es
1 1
Enha
nced
Sen
tenc
es
12
Hab
itual
Off
ende
rs
13
Prob
atio
n E
ligib
ility
14
Pr
esen
tenc
e Rep
orts
15
T
able
3
Stat
utes
pro
vidi
ng fo
r upg
rade
d ch
arge
s for
off
ende
rs w
ith p
rior
conv
ictio
ns
17
Tabl
e 4
Stat
utes
pro
vidi
ng fo
r enh
ance
d se
nten
ces f
or o
ffen
ders
with
prio
r co
nvic
tions
24
T
able
5
Stat
utes
auth
oriz
ing
sent
enci
ng of
pen
iste
nt re
cidi
vist
s to
enha
nced
te
rms
as c
aree
r crim
inal
s or h
abitu
al c
rimin
als
36
Tab
le 6
St
atut
es th
at re
quire
or p
erm
it co
nsid
erat
ion
of p
rior c
rimin
al h
isto
ry
in d
ecis
ions
conc
erni
ng p
roba
tion
42
Tab
le 7
St
atut
es au
thor
izin
g pr
esen
tenc
e rep
orts
that
sha
ll or
may
incl
ude p
rior
conv
ictio
ns 4
7
Par
t Ill:
Co
rrec
tion
al C
iass
iflca
tions
51
T
able
8
Stat
utes
auth
oriz
ing
cons
ider
atio
n of
crim
inal
his
tory
in c
orre
ctio
nal
clas
sific
atio
n an
d su
perv
isio
n 52
Par
t IV
: Par
ole
Eiig
iblli
ty
55
Tab
le 9
St
atut
es pr
ovid
ing
that
par
ole
elig
ibili
ty sh
all o
r may
be
affe
cted
by
pr
ior c
onvi
ctio
ns
57
Par
t V:
Pos
sess
ion
of F
irea
rms
by C
onvi
cted
Fel
ons
63
Tab
le 1
0 S
tatu
tes m
akin
g po
sses
sion
of
a fir
earm
by
a co
nvic
ted
felo
n a
cr
imin
al o
ffen
se
64
Par
t Vi:
Cri
min
al H
isto
ry R
ecor
d D
atab
ases
67
App
endl
x Lis
t of O
ffic
ial C
ode
Com
pila
tions
to W
hich
Cita
tions
Ref
er 7
1
Intr
od
uct
ion
Ove
rvie
w
Thi
s rep
ort c
ompi
les a
nd d
escr
ibes
Fe
dera
l and
Sta
te la
ws1
dea
ling
with
cr
imes
and
crim
inal
proc
edur
es th
at
requ
ire fo
r the
ir im
plem
enta
tion
in-
form
atio
n ab
out a
n of
fend
er's
past
cr
imin
al in
volv
emen
t. In
clud
ed are
prov
isio
ns d
ealin
g w
ith p
osse
ssio
n of
fir
earm
s or o
ther
dea
dly
wea
pons
by
conv
icte
d fe
lons
, rel
ease
of a
rres
ted
pers
ons o
n ba
il, c
harg
ing
and
sent
enc-
in
g of
off
ende
rs, c
orre
ctio
nal c
lass
ifi-
catio
n of
sen
tenc
ed o
ffen
ders
and
the
rele
ase
of o
ffen
ders
on p
roba
tion
or
paro
le.
All
of t
he la
ws
liste
d in
the
10ta
bles
in th
e re
port
expr
essl
y re
fer
to c
rimin
al h
isto
ry re
cord
info
rmat
ion
as a
requ
ired
or p
erm
issi
ble b
asis
for
deci
sion
mak
ing.
All
of t
hem
eith
er
prov
ide
that
suc
h in
form
atio
n sh
all o
r m
ay b
e m
ade
avai
labl
e to
par
ticul
ar
offic
ials
for p
artic
ular
crim
inal
just
ice
purp
oses
or r
equi
re th
at p
ast c
rimin
al
cond
uct s
hall
or m
ay b
e co
nsid
ered
in
mak
ing
parti
cula
r dec
isio
ns a
ffec
ting
offe
nder
s. A
s T
able
1sh
ows,
all
of t
he
Stat
es an
d th
e Fe
dera
l gov
ernm
ent
have
at l
east
sev
eral
law
s th
at re
quire
de
sign
ated
crim
inal
just
ice
prac
titio
n-
ers
to c
onsi
der p
ast c
rimin
al re
cord
s in
car
ryin
g ou
t the
ir du
ties a
nd m
any
Stat
es h
ave
one
or m
ore
prov
isio
ns of
ev
ery
type
of
stat
ute d
iscu
ssed
in th
is
repo
rt. T
his e
xten
sive
body
of
law
s em
phat
ical
ly d
emon
stra
tes t
he e
xten
t to
whi
ch th
e ef
fect
ive
oper
atio
n of
the
crim
inal
just
ice
syste
m d
epen
ds u
pon
the
timel
y av
aila
bilit
y of
acc
urat
e and
co
mpl
ete
info
rmat
ion
abou
t the
pas
t
lThe
tabl
es a
nd n
arra
tive
also
ref
er to
st
ate
cons
titut
iona
l pr
ovis
ions
and
co
urt r
ules
. In
the
narr
ativ
e, th
ese
prov
isio
ns a
re i
nclu
ded
in th
e te
rms
"sta
tute
s," "
law
s" o
r "l
egal
pr
ovis
ions
."
crim
inal
invo
lvem
ent o
f per
sons
pro
- ce
ssed
thro
ugh
the
syst
em.
From
the
in
itial
pol
ice
enco
unte
r with
law
- br
eake
rs o
r sus
pect
s to
the
final
dec
i- si
on b
y co
rrec
tions
off
icia
ls to
rele
ase
sent
ence
d of
fend
ers f
rom
supe
rvis
ion,
th
e cr
imin
al h
isto
ry re
cord
, mor
e th
an
any
othe
r doc
umen
t, is
the
foun
datio
n fo
r crim
inal
just
ice
deci
sion
mak
ing.
In
ord
er to
pro
perly
impl
emen
t the
st
atut
es co
llect
ed in
this
repo
rt, p
o-
lice,
pro
secu
tors
, judg
es a
nd c
orre
c-
tions
off
icia
ls m
ust b
e ab
le to
det
er-
min
e, a
ccur
atel
y an
d in
a ti
mel
y m
anne
r, no
t onl
y w
heth
er p
artic
ular
in
divi
dual
s hav
e pr
ior r
ecor
ds, b
ut
also
the
exte
nt a
nd n
atur
e of
prio
r cr
imin
al in
volv
emen
t, in
clud
ing
such
m
atte
rs a
s whe
ther
arr
este
d in
divi
dual
s w
ere
char
ged,
pros
ecut
ed a
nd c
on-
vict
ed, w
hat t
he c
onvi
ctio
n of
fens
e w
as; w
heth
er it
was
a fe
lony
; whe
ther
it
invo
lved
vio
lenc
e or
the
use
of a
w
eapo
n; w
heth
er th
e in
divi
dual
was
on
bai
l, pr
obat
ion
or p
arol
e at
the
time
of t
he o
ffen
se o
r has
a h
isto
ry o
f vi
olat
ion
of r
elea
se c
ondi
tions
; w
heth
er a
sent
ence
of i
mpr
ison
men
t w
as im
pose
d an
d se
rved
, and
whe
ther
th
e in
divi
dual
rem
aine
d free o
f crim
i- na
l inv
olve
men
t for
spec
itled
perio
ds
of ti
me
betw
een
offe
nses
. T
he re
port seeks
to re
-em
phas
ize
the
impo
rtanc
e of c
ompl
ete
and
accu
rate
crim
inal
his
tory
reco
rds t
o th
e cr
imin
al ju
stic
e pr
actit
ione
rs w
ho
use
and
cont
ribut
e to
the
natio
n's
Stat
e and
Fed
eral
crim
inal
reco
rd
data
base
s, as
wel
l as
to th
e po
licym
aker
s who
con
ceiv
e and
ena
ct
law
s su
ch a
s th
ose
com
pile
d he
re th
at
depe
nd fo
r eff
ectiv
e im
plem
enta
tion
upon
the
read
y av
aila
bilit
y of
acc
urat
e an
d co
mpl
ete
crim
inal
his
tory
reco
rds.
Stud
ies a
nd s
urve
ys h
ave
sugg
este
d th
at as
man
y as
two-
third
s of
the
persons
arre
sted
for c
rimin
al o
ffen
ses
have
prio
r crim
inal
reco
rds,
ofte
n in
clud
ing
offe
nses
in m
ore
than
one
St
ate
or ju
risdi
ctio
n. F
or e
xam
ple,
Fe
dera
l Bur
eau
of I
nves
tigat
ion
(FB
I)
offic
ials
est
imat
e tha
t of
all F
eder
al
and
Stat
earrest
finge
rprin
t car
ds
proc
esse
d by
its
Iden
tSca
tion
Div
isio
n (w
hich
incl
udes
su
bmis
sion
s for
mos
t of
the
arre
sts
in
the
coun
try fo
r ser
ious
off
ense
s), t
wo-
th
irds
of t
he a
rres
t sub
ject
s are
dete
rmin
ed to
hav
e pr
ior a
rres
ts.
Furth
er, o
f th
e cr
imin
al s
ubje
cts i
n th
e FB
I's a
utom
ated
file
s of
Stat
e an
d Fe
dera
l off
ende
rs, a
n es
timat
ed 2
5 to
30
per
cent
are
mul
ti-st
ate
offe
nder
s;
that
is, t
hey
have
arr
ests
in m
ore
than
on
e St
ate o
r hav
e bo
th F
eder
al a
nd
Sta
te a
rres
ts?
As
the
anal
ysis
set
out i
n su
bseq
uent
sec
tions
of
this
re
port
dem
onst
rate
s, p
rior c
rimin
al
invo
lvem
ent s
houl
d in
fluen
ce th
e m
anne
r in
whi
ch in
divi
dual
s are
pr
oces
sed
thro
ugh
the
crim
inal
just
ice
syst
em, w
ith re
gard
to s
uch
mat
ters
as e
ligib
ility
for b
ail,
prob
atio
n or
pa
role
, pro
secu
tion
and
sent
enci
ng as
re
peat
or h
abitu
al o
ffen
ders
, and
el
igib
ility
for p
artic
ular
corr
ectio
nal
prog
ram
s or i
ncar
cera
tion
in
min
imum
or
max
imum
sec
urity
fa
cilit
ies.
Cle
arly
, if a
ccur
ate a
nd
curr
ent i
nfor
mat
ion
abou
t an
offe
nder
's pr
ior c
rimin
al re
cord
is n
ot
avai
labl
e in
a ti
mel
y m
anne
r, th
e ef
fect
ive e
nfor
cem
ent o
f m
any
of t
he
law
s cat
alog
ued
in th
is re
port
is
serio
usly
com
prom
ised
.
Est
imat
es p
rovi
ded
by M
r. W
illia
m
H. G
arvi
e, S
ecti
on C
hief
, Aut
omat
ed
Fing
erpr
int
Pro
cess
ing
Sect
ion,
Id
entif
icat
ion
Div
isio
n, F
eder
al B
urea
u of
Inv
estig
atio
n. S
ee P
art
VI
for
a de
scri
ptio
n of
Fed
eral
and
Sta
te c
rim
inal
re
cord
dat
abas
es.
Stat
utes
Req
uiri
ng th
e U
se o
f Cri
min
al H
isto
ry R
ecor
d In
form
atio
n
Str
uctu
re a
nd C
onte
nt
In Part
I, th
e re
port
lists
and
di
scus
sesF
eder
al a
nd S
tate
lega
l pr
ovis
ions
that
exp
ress
ly re
quire
or
perm
it co
nsid
erat
ion
of a
n ar
rest
ed
pers
on's
prio
r crim
inal
reco
rd in
de
cidi
ng w
heth
er a
nd u
nder
wha
t co
nditi
ons t
o re
leas
e th
e pe
rson
on
bail.
The
pro
visi
ons a
re li
sted
in
Tab
le 2
. Part I
1 di
scus
ses s
tatu
tes t
hat e
x-
pres
sly
requ
ire o
r aut
horiz
e cou
rts
and,
in s
ome
case
s, p
rose
cuto
rs, t
o co
nsid
er a
def
enda
nt's
prio
r crim
inal
re
cord
in c
harg
ing
or s
ente
ncin
g th
e pe
rson
. T
he ty
pes
of s
ente
ncin
g st
atut
es li
sted
and
ana
lyze
d in
clud
e th
ose
prov
idin
g fo
r crim
inal
cha
rges
to
be
upgr
aded
bas
ed u
pon
prio
r of-
fe
nses
(Tab
le 3
); th
ose
prov
idin
g fo
r en
hanc
ed se
nten
ces f
or p
erso
ns w
ith
prio
r co
nvic
tions
(Tab
le 4
); a
nd th
ose
prov
idin
g fo
r the
sen
tenc
ing
of p
er-
sons
as c
aree
r or h
abitu
al o
ffen
ders
(T
able
5).
Part
I1 a
lso
sets
out
and
di
scus
ses l
aws
that
requ
ire o
r aut
ho-
rize
cons
ider
atio
n of
a d
efen
dant
's pr
ior
crim
inal
reco
rd in
mak
ing
pro-
ba
tion
deci
sion
s (T
able
6)a
nd la
ws
and
cour
t rul
es th
at re
quire
or a
utho
-riz
e th
e pr
epar
atio
n of
pre
sent
ence
re
ports
that
mus
t or
may
con
tain
in
form
atio
n ab
out t
he s
ubje
ct's
prio
r cr
imin
al re
cord
(Tab
le 7
). Part I
11 li
sts a
nd a
naly
zes s
tatu
tes
that
exp
ress
ly re
quire
or a
utho
rize
corr
ectio
nal o
ffic
ials
to c
onsi
der a
n in
mat
e's
prio
r crim
inal
reco
rd w
hen
mak
ing
clas
sific
atio
n de
cisi
ons
conc
erni
ng s
uch
thin
gs a
s se
curit
y an
d in
stitu
tiona
l pro
gram
ass
ignm
ent
(Tab
le 8
).
Part I
V li
sts
and
anal
yzes
sta
tute
s th
at e
xpre
ssly
requ
ire o
r aut
horiz
e pa
role
boa
rds
to c
onsi
der a
n in
mat
e's
prio
r crim
inal
reco
rd in
de
term
inat
ions
rega
rdin
g re
leas
e on
pa
role
or
that
pro
hibi
t or l
imit
paro
le
elig
ibili
ty b
ecau
se o
f pr
ior
conv
ictio
ns (T
able
9).
In
Par
t V, t
he re
port
lists
and
di
scus
ses F
eder
al a
nd S
tate
law
s tha
t m
ake
owne
rshi
p or
pos
sess
ion
of a
f
i,
or o
ther
dea
dly
wea
pon,
by
a pe
rson
who
has
pre
viou
sly
been
co
nvic
ted
of a
felo
ny, a
crim
inal
of
fens
e (T
able
lo).
Part V
I brie
fly d
escr
ibes
the
Stat
e an
d Fe
dera
l cri
min
al h
isto
ry d
atab
ases
th
at a
re a
vaila
ble t
o cr
imin
al ju
stic
e pr
actit
ione
rs w
ho m
ust i
mpl
emen
t th
e la
ws
set o
ut in
thi
s re
port,
id
entif
ies s
ome
of t
he p
robl
ems t
hat
detra
ct fr
om the
accu
racy
and
co
mpl
eten
ess o
f th
ese
data
base
s an
d br
iefly
sum
mar
izes
stra
tegi
es th
at c
an
impr
ove t
he q
ualit
y an
d re
ady
avai
labi
lity
of t
he re
cord
s mai
ntai
ned
in t
hem
. T
he c
itatio
ns in
the
tabl
es re
fer t
o th
e of
ficia
l Fed
eral
and
Sta
te co
de
com
pila
tions
(lis
ted
in t
he A
ppen
dix)
w
here
the
refe
renc
ed p
rovi
sion
s are
set
out.
The
sta
tute
s are
cite
d by
titl
e an
d se
ctio
n nu
mbe
r or,
for a
few
St
ates
, by
artic
le o
r cha
pter
num
ber
and
sect
ion
or p
arag
raph
num
ber.
In
a fe
w c
ases
, the
cita
tions
refe
r to
parti
cula
r cod
es w
ithin
the
Stat
e's
code
stru
ctur
e, su
ch a
s the
Pen
al
Cod
e, th
e C
ode
of C
rimin
al P
roce
dure
or
the
Exe
cutiv
e Cod
e. T
hese
are
indi
cate
d by
app
ropr
iate
ab
brev
iatio
ns.
The
cita
tions
shou
ld
enab
le re
ader
s to
easi
ly lo
cate
the
stat
utes
des
crib
ed,
Fifty
-fou
r jur
isdi
ctio
ns a
re
exam
ined
in th
is re
port:
fift
y st
ates
, th
e D
istri
ct o
f C
olum
bia,
the
Com
mon
wea
lth o
f Pu
erto
Rim
, the
U
.S.
Virg
in I
slan
ds a
nd th
e U
nite
d St
ates
gov
ernm
ent.
The
stu
dy
met
hodo
logy
incl
uded
a s
urve
y of
cr
imin
al ju
stic
e of
ficia
ls th
roug
hout
th
e co
untry
and
ext
ensi
ve li
brar
y re
sear
ch th
at w
as c
oncl
uded
in
Oct
ober
199
0. E
very
eff
ort h
as b
een
mad
e to
ens
ure
that
the
tabl
es are
accu
rate
and
com
plet
e. G
iven
the
brea
dth
of th
e su
bjec
t mat
ter a
nd th
e sh
eer v
olum
e of
sta
tuto
ry p
rovi
sion
s en
com
pass
ed, h
owev
er, i
t is
poss
ible
th
at s
ome
info
rmat
ion,
par
ticul
arly
w
ith re
spec
t to
prov
isio
ns d
ealin
g w
ith n
onse
rious
off
en&
, m
ay b
e m
issi
ng fr
om s
ome
of t
he t
able
s.
The
tabl
es d
o no
t ref
lect
sta
tuto
ry
enac
tmen
tsor
amen
dmen
ts o
ccur
ring
afte
r Oct
ober
199
0. E
xcep
t whe
re
mat
eria
l is e
nclo
sed
in q
uota
tion
mar
ks, t
he s
tatu
te d
escr
iptio
ns se
t out
in
the
tabl
es an
d in
the
narr
ativ
e ar
e su
mm
arie
s or p
arap
hras
es o
f th
e st
atut
ory
lang
uage
. The
se su
mm
arie
s an
d pa
raph
rasi
ngs are th
ose
of t
he
auth
or of
the
repo
rt an
d sh
ould
not
be
attri
bute
d to
the
Bur
eau
of J
ustic
e St
atis
tics o
r th
e U
.S. D
epar
tmen
t of
Just
ice.
Stat
utes
Req
uiri
ng th
e U
se o
f C
rim
inal
His
tory
Rec
ord
Info
rmat
ion
Tabl
e 1
Su
nwna
ry o
f st
atut
es r
equl
rlng
the
use
of c
rlm
lnal
hls
tory
reco
rd ln
form
atlo
n
by ju
rlsdl
ctlo
n an
d ca
tego
ry
("X
in
dica
tes
that
th
e ju
risd
ictio
n ha
s on
e or
mor
e st
atut
ory
prov
isio
ns
of t
he
cate
gory
ind
icat
ed.)
Juri
sdic
tion
Fir
rrm
s
Bai
l O
ff
e~
S
ente
n-H
abitu
al
Pro
bat
ion
P
rre
nte
nc
e
Co
rrec
tio
nal
P
arol
e u
pg
rad
e en
hanc
emen
t cr
imin
als
rep
ort
s cl
assi
ficat
ion
Uni
ted
Stat
es
X
X
X
X
X
X
Ala
bam
a X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Ala
ska
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Ari
zona
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Arkansas
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Cal
iforn
ia
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Col
orad
o X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Con
nect
icut
X
X
X
X
X
X
Del
awar
e X
X
X
X
X
X
Dis
tric
t of
X
X
X
X
X
Col
umbi
a
Flor
ida
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Geo
rgia
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Haw
aii
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Idah
o X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Illi
nois
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Indi
ana
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Iow
a X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Kan
sas
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Ken
tuck
y X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Lou
isia
na
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Mai
ne
X
X
X
X
X
X
Mar
ylan
d X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Mas
sach
uset
ts
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Min
neso
ta
Mis
siss
ippi
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Mis
sour
i X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Mon
tana
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Neb
rask
a X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Nev
ada
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
New
Ham
pshi
re
X
X
X
X
New
Jer
sey
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
New
Mex
iw
X
X
X
X
X
X
New
Yor
k X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Nor
th C
arol
ina
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Nor
th D
akot
a X
X
X
-X
-
X
X
X
X
Ohi
o X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Okl
ahom
a X
X
X
X
X
X
Ore
gon
X
X
X
X
X
X
Stat
utes
Req
uiri
ng th
e U
se of
Cri
m'n
al H
isto
ry R
ecor
d In
form
atio
n T
able
1
3
.
Tabl
e 1
(con
t.)
Sum
mar
y of
sta
tute
s re
quiri
ng th
e us
e of
cri
min
al h
isto
ry r
ecor
d in
form
atio
n
by ju
risdi
ctio
n an
d ca
tego
ry
("X i
ndic
ates
th
at
the
juri
sdic
tion
has
one
or m
ore
stat
utor
y pr
ovis
ions
of
the
ca
tego
ry i
ndic
ated
.)
Juri
sdic
tio
n
Fir
oan
nr
Bai
l O
ffens
e S
ente
nce
H
abitu
al
Pro
bat
ion
P
rese
nto
nce
C
orr
ecti
on
al
Par
ole
u
pg
rad
e en
hanc
emen
t cr
imin
als
rep
ort
s cl
assi
ficat
ion
Pen
nsyl
vani
a X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Puer
to R
ico
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Rho
de I
sland
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Sout
h C
arol
ina
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Sout
h D
akot
a X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Ten
ness
ee
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Tex
as
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Uta
h X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Ver
mon
t X
X
X
X
X
X
Vir
gin
Isla
nds
X
X
X
X
Vir
gini
a X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Was
hing
ton
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Wes
t V
irgi
nia
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Wis
cons
in
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Wyo
min
g X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Tab
le 1
St
atut
es R
equi
ring
the
Use
of C
rim
inal
His
tory
Rec
ord
Info
rmat
ion
4
Par
t I: B
ail C
)eci
sion
s
As
Tab
le 2
illu
stra
tes,
all
but
thre
e of
the
54
juri
sdic
tions
(Id
aho,
New
H
amps
hire
and
Okl
ahom
a) h
ave
stat
utes
, con
stitu
tiona
l pro
visi
ons
or
cour
t rul
es e
xplic
itly
requ
irin
g or
pe
rmitt
ing
the
cons
ider
atio
n of
an
I ar
rest
edpe
rson
's pr
ior
crim
inal
reco
rd
in d
ecid
ing
whe
ther
, and
und
er w
hat
cond
ition
s, to
rel
ease
the
pers
on o
n ba
il pe
ndin
g tr
ial o
r app
eal.
It is
pr
obab
le th
at a
pri
or c
rim
inal
reco
rd
may
pro
perl
y be
con
side
red
in m
akin
g ba
il de
cisi
ons
even
in th
ese three
Sta
tes,
but
no
expr
ess l
egal
man
date
re
ferr
ing
to th
e us
e of
pri
or c
rim
inal
re
cord
s is
foun
d in
the
ir la
ws.
M
ost o
f th
e S
tate
law
s an
d co
nsti-
tu
tiona
l pro
visi
ons
liste
d in
Tab
le 2
pr
ovid
e th
at m
ted
pers
ons
char
ged
with
non
capi
tal o
ffen
ses
(with
des
ig-
nate
d ex
cept
ions
in s
ome
Sta
tes)
shal
l be
adm
itted
to b
ail i
f a
judi
cial
off
icer
de
term
ines
that
the
per
sons
will
ap-
pear
for trial
or a
s ot
herw
ise
dire
cted
. I
In d
ecid
ing
whe
ther
to re
quir
e m
oney
bo
nd o
r im
pose
rele
ase
cond
ition
s to
as
sure
such
app
eara
nce,
the
judi
cial
of
fici
al is
requ
ired
or p
erm
itted
to ta
ke
I in
to c
onsi
dera
tion,
am
ong
othe
r fac
- to
rs, t
he e
xist
ence
and
nat
ure
of a
I
prio
r cr
imin
al re
cord
. In
man
y ju
ris-
di
ctio
ns, t
he c
ourt
is a
lso
perm
itted
to
cons
ider
whe
ther
the
indi
vidu
al w
ill
I po
se a
dan
ger t
o th
e co
mm
unity
or
will
eng
age
in f
urth
er c
rim
inal
con
- du
ct if
rel
ease
d an
d is
per
mitt
ed o
r re-
quire
d to
con
side
r the
indi
vidu
al's
prio
r cri
min
al re
cord
, if
any,
in m
ak-
ing
that
det
erm
inat
ion?
I
See
Publ
ic D
ange
r as
a F
acto
r in
P
retr
ial R
elea
se, D
iges
t of
Sta
te L
aus,
A
pril
1985
, ava
ilabl
e fr
om th
e N
atio
nal
Inst
itute
of
Just
ice,
U.S
. Dep
artm
ent o
f Ju
stic
e, W
ashi
ngto
n, D.C.
2053
1.
For e
xam
ple,
the
Fede
ral b
ail p
ro-
visi
on c
ited
in T
able
2 a
utho
rize
s Fe
dera
l jud
icia
l of
fice
rs to
con
side
r an
arre
sted
per
son'
s pr
ior c
rim
inal
reco
rd
in d
ecid
ing
whe
ther
the
pers
on w
ill
appe
ar fo
r ttia
l if r
elea
sed
or w
ill p
ose
a da
nger
to a
ny p
erso
n or
to th
e co
mm
unity
. If
the
judi
cial
off
icer
de-
te
rmin
es th
at th
e pe
rson
may
not
ap-
pear if
rel
ease
d un
cond
ition
ally
or
may
pos
e a
dang
er to
the
com
mun
ity,
the
offi
cer m
ay im
pose
des
igna
ted
re-
leas
e co
nditi
ons,
incl
udin
g th
e re
- qu
irem
ent o
f a
seco
nd b
ailb
ond.
If
the
offi
cer d
eter
min
es th
at n
o re
leas
e co
nditi
on o
r com
bina
tion
of r
elea
se
cond
ition
s w
ill a
ssur
e th
e pe
rson
's a
m
and
prot
ect a
gain
st d
ange
r to
the
com
mun
ity, h
e m
ay o
rder
the
pers
on d
etai
ned
pend
ing
tria
l. In
suc
h de
term
inat
ions
, reb
utta
ble
pres
ump-
tio
n of
dan
ger t
o th
e co
mm
unity
ex-
is
ts if
the
per
son
has
been
con
vict
ed
of a
des
igna
ted
serio
us F
eder
al o
r S
tate
off
ense
com
mitt
ed w
hile
on
pre-
tr
ial r
elea
se w
ithin
the
past
fiv
e ye
ars.
H
awai
i law
sim
ilarl
y pe
rmits
con
- si
dera
tion
of d
ange
r to
the
com
mun
ity
and
esta
blis
hes a
rebu
ttabl
e pr
esw
np
tion
of d
ange
r if
the
pers
on h
as b
een
conv
icte
d of
a v
iole
nt o
ffen
se w
ithin
th
e pr
eced
ing
10ye
ars.
Law
s in
Il
linoi
s, S
outh
Car
olin
a an
d th
e D
istr
ict o
f C
olum
bia,
am
ong
othe
rs,
also
per
mit
cons
ider
atio
n of
dan
ger t
o th
e co
mm
unity
as
wel
l as
the
likel
ihoo
d of
app
eara
nce
and
perm
it ju
dici
al o
ffic
ials
to c
onsi
der p
rior
co
nvic
tions
in m
akin
g th
ose
dete
rmin
atio
ns.
In a
ll of
the
se s
tate
s an
d th
e ot
hers
list
ed in
Tab
le 2
, ju
dici
al o
ffic
ials
nee
d ea
rly
acce
ss to
arr
este
d pe
rson
s' pr
ior
reco
rds a
nd n
eed
to k
now
the
natu
re o
f pr
ior o
ffen
ses i
n or
der t
o m
ake
in-
form
ed re
leas
e de
cisi
ons a
s env
isio
ned
by t
he s
tatu
tes.
In
add
ition
, man
y S
tate
s hav
e st
atut
ory
or c
onst
itutio
nal p
rovi
sion
s de
nyin
g ba
il to
cer
tain
per
sons
with
pr
ior
conv
ictio
ns o
r w
ith a
his
tory
of
failu
re to
app
ear o
r vi
olat
ion
of
rele
ase
cond
ition
s. F
or e
xam
ple,
M
assa
chus
etts
law
per
mits
the
deni
al
of b
ail i
f th
e pe
rson
was
on
bail
or
unde
r so
me o
ther
form
of
supe
rvis
ion
whe
n a
rre
st. M
aryl
and
law
per
mits
de
nial
of
bail
for p
erso
ns c
harg
ed w
ith
desi
gnat
ed o
ffen
ses i
f th
ey w
ere
on
bail
whe
n ar
rest
ed o
r if
they
hav
e pr
evio
usly
bee
n co
nvic
ted
of c
erta
in
desi
gnat
ed o
ffen
ses.
In
New
Jer
sey,
ba
il can
be
deni
ed if
the
pers
on w
as
on p
roba
tion
or u
nder
a s
uspe
nded
se
nten
ce w
hen
arre
sted
. A
co
nstit
utio
nal p
rovi
sion
in T
exas
re
quir
es d
enia
l of
bail
if a
pers
on is
ar
rest
ed fo
r a
felo
ny w
hile
on
bail,
is
arre
sted
for a
felo
ny in
volv
ing
the
use
of a
dea
dly
wea
pon
and
has a
pri
or
felo
ny re
cord
, or i
s ar
rest
ed fo
r any
of
fens
e an
d ha
s tw
o or
mor
e pr
ior
felo
ny c
onvi
ctio
ns.
Wis
cons
in's
cons
titut
ion
perm
its d
enia
l of
bail
for
pers
ons
arre
sted
for v
iole
nt c
rim
es if
th
ey h
ave
prio
r co
nvic
tions
for
viol
ent c
rim
es.
Mic
higa
n's
cons
titut
ion
proh
ibits
rele
ase
on b
ail
of p
erso
ns w
ith t
wo
or m
ore
conv
ictio
ns fo
r vi
olen
t fel
onie
s w
ithin
the
prev
ious
15
year
s.
Stat
utes
Req
uiri
ng th
e U
se o
f Cri
min
al H
isto
ry R
ecor
d In
form
atio
n
Fin
ally
, New
Yor
k la
w p
rohi
bits
re
leas
e on
bai
l of
pers
ons c
harg
ed
with
fel
onie
s w
ho h
ave
two
or m
ore
prev
ious
felo
ny c
onvi
ctio
ns.
The
law
ad
ditio
nally
pro
vide
s th
at, e
xcep
t in
case
s of
emer
genc
y or
whe
n th
e co
urt
find
s it t
o be
unn
eces
sary
and
sta
tes
the
reas
ons
for t
he r
ecor
d, n
o pe
rson
ch
arge
d w
ith a
felo
ny m
ay b
e re
leas
ed
on b
ail u
nles
s th
e co
urt h
as b
een
furn
ishe
d w
ith a
cri
min
al h
isto
ry
reco
rd b
y th
e St
ate
repo
sito
ry o
r by
a po
lice
depa
rtmen
t. B
y pr
actic
e, th
ese
crim
inal
his
tory
reco
rds a
re re
quire
d to
be
fing
erpr
int-
base
d to
ensu
re p
ositi
ve
iden
tific
atio
n an
d to
avo
id n
ame
sear
ch p
robl
ems c
ause
d by
the
use
of
alia
ses.
In
orde
r to
prov
ide
crim
inal
re
cord
resp
onse
s in
time
for t
he
reco
rds t
o be
ava
ilabl
e fo
r ini
tial c
ourt
ap
pear
ance
s, N
ew Y
ork'
s S
rate
repo
sito
ry, t
he D
ivis
ion
of C
rim
inal
Ju
stic
e Se
rvic
es in
Alb
any,
rec
eive
s fa
csim
ile fi
nger
prin
ts tr
ansm
itted
by
mic
row
ave
or te
leco
mm
unic
atio
n lin
es fr
om p
olic
e de
part
men
ts in
New
Y
ork
City
and
oth
er la
rge
met
ropo
litan
are
as a
nd p
opul
atio
n ce
nter
s in
the
stat
e. T
he re
posi
tory
re
turn
s se
arch
resu
lts w
ithin
a fe
w
hour
s vi
a th
e S
tate
's au
tom
ated
law
en
forc
emen
t tel
ecom
mun
icat
ions
sy
stem
. Fe
w, i
f an
y, o
ther
sta
tes
have
pr
oced
ures
and
faci
litie
s for
mak
ing
finge
rprin
t-ver
ified
crim
inal
reco
rd
resp
onse
s av
aila
ble
in t
ime
for u
se in
in
itial
bai
l det
erm
inat
ions
, whi
ch
com
mon
ly o
ccur
with
in 2
4 ho
urs
afte
r arr
est.
The
Dis
tric
t of
Col
umbi
a ha
s a
bail
agen
cy c
harg
ed w
ith th
e re
spon
sibi
lity
of o
btai
ning
and
pr
ovid
ing
info
rmat
ion,
incl
udin
g cr
imin
al h
isto
ry re
cord
info
rmat
ion,
fo
r use
in b
ail d
eter
min
atio
ns.
Oth
er
juri
sdic
tions
use
par
ole
or p
roba
tion
agen
cies
for o
btai
ning
and
pro
vidi
ng
such
info
rmat
ion.
In
som
e ca
ses,
th
ese
agen
cies
may
hav
e th
e st
aff
and
faci
litie
s for
mak
ing
inqu
irie
s to
obta
in c
ompl
ete
and
accu
rate
in
form
atio
n co
ncer
ning
prio
r cr
imin
al
reco
rds.
In
mos
t cas
es, h
owev
er, t
he
only
info
rmat
ion
avai
labl
e in
tim
e fo
r in
itial
bai
l de
term
inat
ions
is a
cr
imin
al re
cord
tran
scrip
t rec
eive
d in
re
spon
seto
a n
ame
sear
ch o
f th
e St
ate'
s au
tom
ated
cri
min
al h
isto
ry
syst
em, i
f th
ere
is o
ne, a
nd w
hate
ver
info
rmat
ion
is p
rovi
ded
by t
he p
olic
e or
is k
now
n to
the
cour
t. Si
nce
nam
e se
arch
es a
re n
ot f
ully
relia
ble
and
ex-
istin
g cr
imin
al re
cord
file
s may
be
inac
cura
te a
nd in
com
plet
e, p
artic
u-
larly
with
res
pect
to d
ispo
sitio
n in
form
atio
n, a
pply
ing
the
bail
law
s of
a S
tate
may
be
very
dif
ficu
lt,
part
icul
arly
in th
ose
Stat
es w
here
st
atut
es o
r co
nstit
utio
nal p
rovi
sion
s de
ny o
r res
tric
t the
ava
ilabi
lity
of b
ail
for p
erso
ns w
ith d
esig
nate
d pr
ior
conv
ictio
ns. St
atut
es R
equi
ring
the
Use
of C
rim
inal
His
tory
Rec
ord
Info
rmat
ion
Tabl
e 2
St
atut
es*
requ
lrlng
or
perm
lttln
g pr
ior
crlm
lnal
reco
rds
to b
e co
nsld
ered
In b
all d
ecis
ions
(N
otr:
St
atas
whi
ch do
not h
ave
sfan
dtea
rrqu
irin
g or
pnn
im'n
g pr
ior
crim
inal
reco
rd8
to bc
co
~id
rmdin
ba
l &ci
aion
s pm
om
ittrd
from
the
tab
&.)
stat
e
cita
tion
I U
nite
d S
tate
s (F
eder
al)
18
USC
Q 3
142(
e)(1
); (
01;
(g)(
3)(A
)
I A
laba
ma
Rul
es J
udic
. Adm
in.,
R.
2
Rul
es C
rim
. Pr
oc.,
R.
7.2
Ala
ska
Ari
zona
Con
st.,
art. II,
5 2
2
Ark
ansa
s
Rul
e C
rim
. Pro
c.,
R.
9.2
Cal
ifor
nia
Pen.
Cod
e 5
1275
Col
orad
o 16
-4-1
01 e
t se
q.
Con
st.
art.
2, $
5 19
, 20
Con
nect
icut
Del
awar
e
Dis
tric
t of
Col
umbi
a
23-1
303
Flo
rida
90
3.04
6(2)
(d)
I
*Inc
ludi
ng c
onst
itutio
nal p
rovi
sion
s or c
ourt
rule
s.
I S
tatu
tory
pro
vlsl
on
Bai
l co
nsid
erat
ions
may
inc
lude
cri
min
al h
isto
ry a
nd r
ecor
d of
ap
pear
ance
; re
butt
able
pre
sum
ptio
n of
den
ial
of b
ail
if p
revi
ousl
y
conv
icte
d of
cri
me
of v
iole
nce
or e
num
erat
ed s
erio
us o
ffen
ses
or
com
bina
tion
of
offe
nses
.
Bai
l fa
ctor
s sh
all
incl
ude
evid
ence
of
prio
r co
nvic
tion
s.
Iprote
ct t
he p
ubli
c ba
sed
upon
, am
ong
othe
r th
ings
, de
fend
ant's
pri
or
Cou
rts
may
im
pose
con
diti
ons
of r
elea
se to
sec
ure
appe
aran
ce o
r to
crim
inal
rec
ord.
Fac
tors
aff
ecti
ng c
ondi
tion
s of
rel
ease
sha
ll i
nclu
de t
he p
erso
n's
re
cord
of
conv
icti
ons
and
reco
rd o
f ap
pear
ance
.
Fact
ors
affe
ctin
g m
etho
d of
rel
ease
or
amou
nt o
f ba
il s
hall
incl
ude
pe
rson
's re
cord
of
arre
sts
and
conv
icti
ons
and
appe
aran
ce a
t co
urt
proc
eedi
ngs.
Pro
vide
s fo
r de
nial
of
bail
for
fel
ony
offe
nses
com
mit
ted
whi
le o
n ba
il
for
a pr
ior
felo
ny o
ffen
se.
Fac
tors
aff
ectin
g am
ount
of
bail
sha
ll i
nclu
de p
erso
n's
prio
r cr
imin
al
reco
rd a
nd h
isto
ry o
f re
spon
se to
leg
al p
roce
ss.
-.Bai
l fa
ctor
s sh
all
incl
ude
defe
ndan
t's p
revi
ous
crir
niia
l rec
ord.
Fact
ors
affe
ctin
g ba
it am
ount
or
deni
al o
f ba
il on
gro
unds
of
publ
ic
dang
er s
hall
incl
ude
defe
ndan
t's p
rior
cri
min
al re
cord
and
rec
ord
of
appe
aran
ce.
Aut
hori
zes
deni
al o
f ba
il o
n gr
ound
s of
dan
gero
usne
ss fo
r pe
rson
s ch
arge
d w
ith c
rim
es o
f vi
olen
ce c
omm
itte
d w
hile
on
rele
ase,
par
ole
or
prob
atio
n or
who
hav
e sp
ecif
ied
prio
r fe
lony
con
vict
ions
.
Rel
ease
cri
teri
a sh
all i
nclu
de d
efen
dant
's p
rior
cri
min
al re
cord
and
re
cord
of
appe
aran
ce. B
ail
com
mis
sion
er's
rep
ort
shal
l in
clud
e
defe
ndan
t's p
rior
cri
min
al re
cord
.
Bai
l fac
tors
sha
ll in
clud
e de
fend
ant's
pri
or c
rim
inal
reco
rd a
nd re
cord
of
app
eara
nce.
Bai
l age
ncy
repo
rt to
jud
icia
l of
fice
r sh
all i
nclu
de d
efen
dant
's p
rior
cr
imin
al r
ecor
d.
Judi
cial
bai
l de
term
inat
ions
reg
ardi
ng i
mpo
siti
on o
f re
leas
e
cond
itio
ns s
hall
be
base
d up
on,
amon
g ot
her
thin
gs,
defe
ndan
t's
reco
rd o
f co
nvic
tion
s an
d re
cord
of
appe
aran
ce.
Aut
hori
zes p
retr
ial
dete
ntio
n to
pro
tect
pub
lic
base
d up
on,
amon
g
othe
r th
ings
, de
fend
ant's
pri
or c
rim
inal
his
tory
.
Bai
l fa
ctor
s sh
all i
nclu
de d
efen
dant
's r
ecor
d of
con
vict
ions
and
rec
ord
of a
ppea
ranc
e. P
rior
rec
ord
of f
ailu
re to
app
ear
rend
ers
defe
ndan
t in
elig
ible
for
som
e ty
pes
of b
ond.
Aut
hori
zes
pret
rial
det
enti
on t
o pr
otec
t pu
blic
, ba
sed
upon
, am
ong
ot
her
fact
ors,
spe
cifi
ed p
revi
ous
conv
icti
ons,
pre
viou
s vi
olat
ions
of
rele
ase,
or
com
mis
sion
of
a da
nger
ous
crim
e w
hile
on
pro
bati
on,
paro
le o
r re
leas
e.
Pro
hibi
ts b
ail,
exce
pt u
pon
orde
r of
Sup
erio
r C
ourt
, of
per
sons
cha
rged
w
ith e
num
erat
ed s
erio
us f
elon
ies
who
hav
e pr
evio
usly
bee
n co
nvic
ted
of s
uch
a fe
lony
or
who
com
mit
ted
the
new
off
ense
whi
le o
n pr
obat
ion,
g
aro
le o
r ba
il f
or s
uch
a fe
lony
.
Stat
utes
Req
uirin
g th
e U
se of
Cri
min
al H
isto
ry R
ecor
d In
form
atio
n
Tab
le 2
Tabi
e 2
(con
t.)
Sta
tute
s* r
equi
ring
or
perm
ittin
g pr
ior
crim
inai
rec
ords
to b
e co
nsld
ered
in b
all d
ecis
ions
(N
ou
: S
tate
s w
hich
do
no
t ha
ve s
tatu
fm r
equi
ring
or p
erm
ittin
g p
rio
r cr
imin
al r
ecor
dr to
be
com
ider
ed in
bai
l dec
irio
ruam o
mitt
edfr
om
the
tabk
.)
Sta
te
I C
itatio
n I
Sta
tuto
ry p
rovi
sion
(S
rcra
ctot
y p
rovi
aio
m a
re W
lL
do
rp(p
aph
med
.)I
I H
awai
i 80
4.3
R
ebut
tabl
e pr
esum
ptio
n of
dan
ger
to c
omm
unity
(an
d de
nial
of
bail)
if
defe
ndan
t has
been
conv
icte
d of
a c
rim
e of
vio
lenc
e du
ring
pre
viou
s 10
ye
ars,
or
if de
fend
ant w
as o
n ba
il, p
roba
tion
or p
arol
e fo
r a
viol
ent
felo
ny c
harg
e at
tim
e of
arr
est.
Illi
nois
38
-1 1
0-5(
a)
Bai
l fa
ctor
s sh
all i
nclu
de d
efen
dant
's re
cord
of
conv
ictio
ns a
nd
delin
quen
cy a
djud
icat
ions
, and
w
heth
er d
efen
dant
is a
lrea
dy o
n ba
il or
un
der
supe
rvis
ion.
Indi
ana
35-3
3-8-
4
Fact
ors
rele
vant
to r
elea
se o
n ba
il (a
nd b
ail
amou
nt)
shal
l inc
lude
de
fend
ant's
cri
min
al o
r ju
veni
le r
ecor
d an
d re
cord
of
non-
appe
aran
ce.
Iow
a 81
1.2
B
ail c
onsi
dera
tions
sha
ll in
clud
e de
fend
ant's
rec
ord
of c
onvi
ctio
ns a
nd
reco
rd o
f ap
pear
ance
or
flig
ht.
Kan
sas
22-2
802(
4)
Pre
~ia
lbail
cons
ider
atio
ns s
hall
incl
ude
defe
ndan
t's r
ecor
d of
co
nvic
tions
and
app
eara
nce
or n
on-a
ppea
ranc
e or
flig
ht,
and
whe
ther
de
fend
ant i
s on
par
ole.
Ken
tuck
y 43
1.5
25
Am
ount
of
bail
shal
l be
cons
ider
ate
of t
he p
ast c
rim
inal
act
s of
the
de
fend
ant.
Cod
e C
rirn
. Roc
., ar
t. 31
7 Fa
ctor
s in
det
erm
inin
g am
ount
of
bail
shal
l inc
lude
the
defe
ndan
t's
prev
ious
cri
min
al r
ecor
d.
Art
. 31
7.1
Mag
istr
ate
setti
ng b
ail
may
app
ly t
o ju
veni
le c
ourt
for
def
enda
nt's
juve
nile
abs
trac
t.
Mai
ne
15-1
026.
4
Pre
tria
l ba
ilset
ting
offi
cial
sha
ll c
onsi
der
defe
ndan
t's c
rim
inal
rec
ord
and
reco
rd o
f ap
pear
ance
and
whe
ther
def
enda
nt is
on
prob
atio
n or
pa
role
or
othe
r su
perv
isio
n.
15-1
051.
2
Sam
e fa
ctor
s sh
all b
e co
nsid
ered
in p
ost-
conv
ictio
n ba
il de
term
inat
ions
.
Mar
ylan
d A
rt. 2
7. 8
616
1/2
(c)
R
ebut
tabl
e pr
esum
ptio
n of
bai
l de
nial
for
per
son
char
ged
with
en
umer
ated
ser
ious
off
ense
s co
mm
itted
whi
le o
n ba
il fo
r pr
ior
enum
erat
ed s
erio
us o
ffen
ses.
Art
. 27
. 3
616
1/2(
d)
No
pers
onal
reco
gniz
ance
for
per
son
char
ged
with
enu
mer
ated
seri
ous
offe
nses
if p
revi
ousl
y co
nvic
ted
of s
uch
an o
ffen
se.
Mas
sach
uset
ts
276-
58
Bai
l fa
ctor
s sh
all i
nclu
de d
efen
dant
's re
cord
of
conv
ictio
ns a
nd r
ecor
d of
fai
lure
to a
ppea
r or
fli
ght,
and
whe
ther
def
enda
nt a
lrea
dy i
s on
bai
l, pa
role
, pro
batio
n or
oth
er f
orm
of
supe
rvis
ion.
Mic
higa
n C
onst
.. ar
t. 1,
15
Pe
rmits
den
ial o
f ba
il fo
r pe
rson
s ch
arge
d w
ith v
iole
nt f
elon
ies
if co
nvic
ted
of t
wo
or m
ore
viol
ent
felo
nies
with
in p
revi
ous
15 y
ears
, an
d pe
rson
s ch
arge
d w
ith v
iole
nt f
elon
ies
whi
le o
n ba
il, p
roba
tion
or
paro
le f
or p
revi
ous
viol
ent
felo
ny.
765.
6
Am
ount
of
bail
shal
l ref
lect
the
def
enda
nt's
prev
ious
cri
min
al re
cord
.
Con
st.,
art.
1 8
15
Bai
l may
be
deni
ed f
or p
erso
n ch
arge
d w
ith a
vio
lent
fel
ony
who
has
be
en c
onvi
cted
of
two
viol
ent f
elon
ies
with
in p
revi
ous
15 y
ears
or
who
was
alr
eady
on
bail,
par
ole
or p
roba
tion
in c
onne
ctio
n w
ith a
vi
olen
t fe
lony
cha
rge
or c
onvi
ctio
n.
Min
neso
ta
Rul
es C
rim
. Pro
c.,
R.
6.02
(2)
Rel
ease
con
ditio
n fa
ctor
s sh
all i
nclu
de d
efen
dant
's re
cord
of
conv
ictio
ns a
nd r
ecor
d of
app
eara
nce
or f
light
.
-19
9-3-
18
Rel
ease
fac
tors
con
cern
ing
a pe
rson
arr
este
d fo
r a
mis
dem
eano
r sh
all
Mis
siss
i~p
i I
I I in
clud
e pr
ior
arre
st re
cord
. pr
ovis
ions
or
cour
t rul
es.
Tab
le 2
St
atut
es R
equi
ring
the
Use
of C
rim
inal
His
tory
Rec
ord
Info
rmat
ion
8
Tabi
e 2
(con
t.)
Sta
tute
s* r
equi
ring
or
perm
ittin
g pr
ior
crlm
inai
rec
ords
to b
e co
nsid
ered
in b
all d
ecis
ions
(N
o&:
Stat
cs w
hich
do
not h
ave
stat
utcs
req
uiri
ng o
r pe
rmitt
ing
prio
r cr
imin
al r
ecor
ds to
be
cons
ider
edin
bai
l dec
isio
ns a
rc o
mitt
cdfr
om th
e ta
ble.
)
Sta
te
Mis
sour
i
Mon
tana
Neb
rask
a
Nev
ada
New
Jer
sey
New
Mex
ico
New
Yor
k
Nor
th C
arol
ina
Nor
th D
akot
a
Ohi
o
Ore
gon
Pen
nsyl
vani
a
Puer
to R
ico
I C
itat
lon
I 544.
455.
2
46-9
-301
(7)
29-9
01.0
1
178.
4853
(5)
178.
498
2C:4
5-3
31-2
1-9B
Rul
es C
rim. Proc., R
. 5-
401B
Con
st,
art.
1, 4
13
Cr.
Proc
. Law
4
530.
20(2
)(b)
, 53
0.30
(2),
53
0.40
(4)
Cr.
Pro
c. L
aw 8
510
.30
15A
-534
(c)
R.
Cr.
Proc
. 46(
a)(l
)(ii
)
2919
.251
2937
.23
Rul
es C
rim
. Pro
cedu
re, R
. 46
(F)
13
5.23
0(6)
(f)
R.
Cri
m.
Proc
., R
. 40
04
R.
4010
.A
R.
4010
.B
R. C
rim
. Pro
c.,
R.
218
I S
tatu
tory
pro
visi
on
I (S
tatu
tory
pro
viri
ons a
re s
um
nda
ed o
rpm
ap
hm
sd)
Rel
ease
con
ditio
n fa
ctor
s sh
all i
nclu
de d
efen
dant
's re
cord
of
conv
ictio
ns a
nd r
ecor
d of
app
eara
nce
or f
light
.
Am
ount
of
bail
shal
l be
cons
ider
ate
of d
efen
dant
's pr
ior
crim
inal
re
cord
.
Rel
ease
con
ditio
n fa
ctor
s sh
all i
nclu
de d
efen
dant
's re
cord
of
conv
ictio
ns a
nd r
ecor
d of
app
eara
nce
or f
light
.
Rel
ease
con
ditio
n fa
ctor
s sh
all i
nclu
de d
efen
dant
's pr
ior
crim
inal
re
cord
and
rec
ord
of a
ppea
ranc
e or
non
-app
eara
nce.
Am
ount
of
bail
shal
l ref
lect
fac
tors
abo
ve.
Bai
l may
be
deni
ed if
per
son
com
mits
cri
me
whi
le o
n pr
obat
ion
or
susp
ende
d se
nten
ce.
Pre-
rele
ase
repo
rt s
hall
incl
ude
info
rmat
ion
abou
t def
enda
nt's
reco
rd o
f co
nvic
tions
and
rec
ord
of a
ppea
ranc
e or
non
-app
eara
nce.
Rel
ease
con
ditio
n fa
ctor
s sh
all i
nclu
de d
efen
dant
's re
cord
of
conv
ictio
ns a
nd r
ecor
d of
app
eara
nce
or f
light
.
Bai
l may
be
deni
ed f
or 6
0 da
ys f
or a
per
son
char
ged
with
a f
elon
y w
ho
has
prev
ious
ly b
een
conv
icte
d of
tw
o or
mor
e fe
loni
es o
r a
pers
on
char
ged
with
a f
elon
y w
ith a
dea
dly
wea
pon
who
has
a p
rior
fel
ony
conv
icti
on.
No
orde
r of
rec
ogni
zanc
e or
bai
l on
felo
ny c
harg
es if
def
enda
nt h
as tw
o pr
evio
us f
elon
y co
nvic
tions
. N
o re
cogn
izan
ce o
r ba
il un
til c
ourt
re
view
s a
crim
inal
his
tory
rec
ord
tran
scri
pt fu
rnis
hed
by s
tate
re
posi
tory
or
polic
e de
part
men
t, ex
cept
in c
ases
of
emer
genc
y or
whe
n co
urt f
inds
it t
o be
unn
eces
sary
and
sta
tes
reas
ons
for
reco
rd.
Prov
ides
tha
t in
im
posi
ng r
elea
se c
ondi
tions
, cou
rts
may
con
side
r th
e de
fend
ant's
pri
or c
rim
inal
reco
rd a
nd p
rior
rec
ord
of a
ppea
ranc
e or
Rel
ease
con
ditio
n fa
ctor
s sh
all i
nclu
de d
efen
dant
's re
cord
of
conv
ictio
ns a
nd r
ecor
d of
fai
lure
to a
ppea
r or
flig
ht.
Rel
ease
con
ditio
n fa
ctor
s sh
all i
nclu
de d
efen
dant
's re
cord
of
conv
ictio
ns a
nd r
ecor
d of
fai
lure
to a
ppea
r or
flig
ht.
Bai
l in
dom
estic
vio
lenc
e ca
ses
may
be
deni
ed if
def
enda
nt h
as p
rior
co
nvic
tion
for
dom
estic
vio
lenc
e of
fens
es.
Bai
l am
ount
sha
ll be
fix
ed w
ith c
onsi
dera
tion
of d
efen
dant
's pr
evio
us
crim
inal
rec
ord.
Pret
rial
rele
ase
fact
ors
shal
l inc
lude
def
enda
nt's
reco
rd o
f co
nvic
tions
an
d re
cord
of
appe
aran
ce o
r fl
ight
.
Pret
rial
rel
ease
cri
teri
a sh
all i
nclu
de d
efen
dant
's pr
ior
crim
inal
reco
rd
and
reco
rd o
f ap
pear
ance
.
Pret
rial
bai
l cri
teri
a sh
all i
nclu
de d
efen
dant
's re
cord
of
rele
vant
co
nvic
tions
and
rec
ord
of a
ppea
ranc
e.
Sam
e fa
ctor
s sh
all g
over
n ba
il af
ter
conv
ictio
n in
non
capi
tal
case
s.
Sam
e fa
ctor
s sh
all
gove
rn b
ail
afte
r se
nten
cing
in n
onca
pita
l ca
ses.
Am
ount
of
bail
shal
l ref
lect
def
enda
nt's
reco
rd o
f pr
evio
us a
ppea
ranc
es
and
com
plia
nce
with
cou
rt o
rder
s.
*Inc
ludi
ng c
onst
itutio
nal p
rovi
sion
s or
cou
rt ru
les.
Stat
utes
Req
uiri
ng th
e U
se o
f Cri
min
al H
isto
ry R
ecor
d In
form
atio
n T
able
2
9
I
ds to
be
cons
ider
ed in
bai
l dec
isio
ns
Sta
te
Rho
de Is
land
Sou
th C
arol
ina
Sou
th D
akot
a
Ten
ness
ee
Tex
as
Uta
h
Ver
mon
t
Vir
gin
Isla
nds
Vir
gini
a
Was
hing
ton
Wes
t V
irgi
nia
Wis
cons
in
Wyo
min
g
*Inc
ludi
ng co
nstit
utio
n
I C
itatio
n
Con
st.,
art.
1 8 9
Con
st.,
art.
1 Q
lla
Cri
m.
Rul
es, R
. 3.
2
Con
st.,
art.
1, $
8
7-10
-102
; R.
Cri
m. P
roc.
R.
8(c)
(2)
1p
rovi
sion
s or c
ourt
rule
s.
I S
tatu
tory
pro
visi
on
Bai
l pro
hibi
ted
for
pers
ons
char
ged
with
dan
gero
us w
eapo
ns o
ffen
ses
or o
ffen
ses
puni
shab
le b
y li
e im
pris
onm
ent
if pr
evio
usly
con
vict
ed
of a
ny s
uch
offe
nses
or
of d
rug
offe
nse
puni
shab
le b
y 10
yea
rs o
r m
ore.
Rel
ease
con
ditio
n cr
iteri
a sh
all i
nclu
de d
efen
dant
's r
ecor
d of
co
nvic
tions
and
rec
ord
of f
light
or
failu
re to
app
ear.
Rel
ease
wnd
itio
n fa
ctor
s sh
all i
nclu
de d
efen
dant
's r
ecor
d of
co
nvic
tions
and
rec
ord
of a
ppea
ranc
e or
non
-app
eara
nce
or f
light
.
Rel
ease
fac
tors
sha
ll in
clud
e de
fend
ant's
pri
or c
rim
inal
reco
rd a
nd p
rior
rele
ases
on
reco
gniz
ance
or
bail.
Bai
l may
be
deni
ed f
or n
onca
pita
l fe
lony
off
ende
rs w
ho h
ave
been
co
nvic
ted
of t
wo
prio
r fe
loni
es, w
ho c
omm
itted
the
fel
ony
offe
nses
w
hile
on
bail
for
a fe
lony
indi
ctm
ent o
r w
ho u
sed
a de
adly
wea
pon
in
the
com
mis
sion
of
the
felo
ny o
ffen
se a
fter
a p
rior
fel
ony
conv
ictio
n.
Bai
l may
be
deni
ed f
or p
erso
ns c
harg
ed w
ith f
elon
ies
whi
le o
n ba
il,
paro
le o
r pr
obat
ion.
Rel
ease
wnd
itio
n fa
ctor
s sh
all i
nclu
de th
e de
fend
ant's
rec
ord
of
conv
ictio
ns a
nd r
ecor
d of
app
eara
nce
or f
light
.
Bai
l m
ay b
e de
nied
bas
ed u
pon,
am
ong
othe
r fa
ctor
s, d
efen
dant
's
reco
rd o
f co
nvic
tions
and
rec
ord
of a
ppea
ranc
e or
flig
ht.
Fac
tors
rel
evan
t to
rele
ase
on u
nsec
ured
bon
d or r
ecog
niza
nce
shal
l in
clud
e th
e de
fend
ant's
rec
ord
of c
onvi
ctio
ns a
nd r
ecor
d of
app
eara
nce,
no
n-ap
pear
ance
or
flig
ht.
Rel
ease
con
ditio
n fa
ctor
s sh
all
incl
ude
defe
ndan
t's c
rim
inal
reco
rd, a
nd
hist
ory
of r
espo
nse
to l
egal
pro
cess
.
Fac
tors
aff
ectin
g am
ount
of
bail
shal
l inc
lude
the
defe
ndan
t's p
revi
ous
crim
inal
reco
rd:
Rel
ease
con
ditio
n fa
ctor
s sh
all i
nclu
de t
he d
efen
dant
's p
rior
cri
min
al
reco
rd,
whe
ther
def
enda
nt i
s on
pro
batio
n, p
arol
e or
bai
l an
d w
heth
er
defe
ndan
t ha
s pr
evio
usly
for
feite
d ba
il.
Aut
horiz
es d
enia
l of
bail
for
up t
o 10
day
s (a
nd a
noth
er 6
0 da
ys a
fter
he
arin
g) f
or a
per
son
accu
sed
of a
vio
lent
fel
ony
who
has
a p
revi
ous
conv
ictio
n fo
r a
viol
ent
felo
ny.
Rel
ease
con
ditio
n fa
ctor
s sh
all i
nclu
de d
efen
dant
's r
ecor
d of
co
nvic
tions
and
rec
ord
of a
ppea
ranc
e, n
on-a
ppea
ranc
e or
flig
ht.
10
Tab
le 2
St
atut
es R
equi
ring
the
Use
of C
rim
inal
His
tory
Rec
ord
Info
rmat
ion
Par
t 11:
Sen
tenc
ing
Tab
les
3 th
roug
h 6
list s
tatu
tory
pr
ovis
ions
and
oth
er le
gal p
rovi
sion
s in
the
54 ju
risd
ictio
ns th
at m
anda
te o
r pe
rmit
cons
ider
atio
n of
a c
onvi
cted
pe
rson
's pr
evio
us c
rimin
al re
cord
in
deci
ding
on
an a
ppro
pria
te se
nten
ce.
All
of t
he ju
risd
ictio
ns h
ave
one
or
mor
e la
ws
of t
his
type
; mos
t hav
e la
ws
in e
very
cat
egor
y sh
own
in t
he
tabl
es, a
nd s
ome
have
sev
eral
pr
ovis
ions
with
in e
ach
cate
gory
. T
he
law
s lis
ted
incl
ude
thos
e th
at re
quire
se
cond
and
sub
sequ
ent o
ffen
ses t
o be
up
grad
ed to
a h
ighe
r deg
ree
of
seri
ousn
ess (
for e
xam
ple,
from
a
mis
dem
eano
r to
a fe
lony
or
to a
hi
gher
cla
ss o
f m
isde
mea
nor o
r fe
lony
) (T
able
3);
thos
e th
at re
quire
or
perm
it en
hanc
ed s
ente
nces
for p
erso
ns
with
pre
viou
s co
nvic
tions
, inc
ludi
ng
Stat
es w
ith s
ente
ncin
g gu
idel
ines
that
fa
ctor
prio
r co
nvic
tions
into
the
sent
enci
ng a
ppro
ach
(Tab
le 4
); th
ose
that
requ
ire o
r per
mit
pers
ons
with
se
rious
pas
t rec
ords
to b
e se
nten
ced
to
enha
nced
term
s of
im
pris
onm
ent a
s ha
bitu
al c
rim
inal
s or c
aree
r cri
min
als
(Tab
le 5
); an
d th
ose
that
requ
ire o
r pe
rmit
cons
ider
atio
n of
pas
t cri
min
al
activ
ity in
dec
idin
g w
heth
er to
su
spen
d a
sent
ence
and
plac
e th
e of
fend
er o
n pr
obat
ion
(Tab
le 6
). Fi
nally
, Tab
le 7
list
s st
atut
ory
prov
isio
ns a
nd c
ourt
rule
s th
at re
quir
e or
per
mit
the
prep
arat
ion
of
pres
ente
nce r
epor
ts th
at m
ust o
r may
in
clud
e re
fere
nces
to p
rior c
rimin
al
hist
orie
s. A
s in
all
of t
he t
able
s in
th
e re
port
, onl
y th
ose
stat
utor
y pr
ovis
ions
are
incl
uded
that
exp
ress
ly
refe
r to
prio
r cr
imin
al a
ctiv
ity.
For
exam
ple,
alth
ough
it m
ay b
e as
sum
ed
that
judg
es i
n vi
rtua
lly a
ll st
ates
hav
e
the
auth
ority
to o
rder
the
prep
arat
ion
of p
rese
nten
ce re
ports
and
that
such
re
ports
wou
ld in
clud
e in
form
atio
n ab
out p
ast c
rim
inal
invo
lvem
ent,
Tab
le 7
list
s on
ly th
ose
stat
utor
y pr
ovis
ions
that
exp
ress
ly re
quire
or
perm
it th
e pr
epar
atio
n of
rep
orts
and
th
e in
clus
ion
of i
nfor
mat
ion
abou
t pa
st c
rimin
al c
ondu
ct.
Upg
rade
d C
harg
es
Tab
le 3
list
s pr
ovis
ions
in s
tate
co
des t
hat u
pgra
de s
econ
d an
d su
bseq
uent
off
ense
s to
high
er c
lass
es
of o
ffen
ses
than
fir
st o
ffen
ses.
Pr
ovis
ions
are
incl
uded
in th
is ta
ble
only
if t
hey
expr
essl
y re
fer t
o th
e de
gree
or c
lass
of
upgr
aded
off
ense
-th
at i
s, fr
om a
mis
dem
eano
r to
a fe
lony
or f
rom
one
leve
l or c
lass
of
mis
dem
eano
r or f
elon
y to
a h
ighe
r le
vel o
r cl
ass.
In
suc
h ca
ses,
it is
as
sum
ed th
at th
e up
grad
ed o
ffen
se
will
be
spec
ified
in t
he c
harg
ing
docu
men
t. T
hus,
to c
ompl
y w
ith t
he
law
s, in
form
atio
n co
ncer
ning
pri
or
conv
ictio
ns, i
f an
y, m
ust b
e av
aila
ble
to th
e pr
osec
utor
at t
he ti
me
the
case
is
file
d in
cou
rt be
caus
e th
e cl
ass
of
offe
nse
char
ged
may
aff
ect t
he ty
pe o
f ch
argi
ng d
ocum
ent u
tiliz
ed o
r the
co
urt i
n w
hich
the
case
is fi
led.
M
ost o
f th
e pr
ovis
ions
list
ed in
T
able
3 re
late
to s
econ
d an
d su
bse-
qu
ent i
nsta
nces
of
the
sam
e of
fens
e.
For
exam
ple,
in A
rizon
a, th
e fi
rst o
f-
fens
e of
spo
usal
sex
ual a
ssau
lt is
a
clas
s 6
felo
ny (a
nd m
ay in
som
e ca
ses
be re
duce
d to
a c
lass
1 m
isde
mea
nor
with
man
dato
ry c
ouns
elin
g); b
ut a
ny
subs
eque
nt o
ffen
se is
a c
lass
2 fe
lony
, an
d th
e of
fend
er is
not
elig
ible
for
prob
atio
n, p
arol
e, p
ardo
n, o
r wor
k fu
rlou
gh.
Num
erou
s ot
her S
tate
s ha
ve s
imila
r upg
rade
pro
visi
ons
rela
t-
ing
to s
exua
l or d
rug
offe
nses
, the
ft,
larc
eny,
pro
stitu
tion,
and
reck
less
dr
ivin
g or
driv
ing
unde
r the
influ
ence
of
dru
gs o
r alc
ohol
.
In s
ome
Stat
es, h
owev
er, a
pa
rticu
lar o
ffen
se m
ay b
e up
grad
ed if
th
e of
fend
er h
as p
rior
conv
ictio
ns fo
r th
e sa
me
offe
nse
or fo
r oth
er ty
pes
of
offe
nses
. Fo
r exa
mpl
e, in
Ind
iana
, sp
ecifi
edha
ndgu
n vi
olat
ions
are
tre
ated
as
clas
s A
mis
dem
eano
rs fo
r fi
rst o
ffen
ses,
but
the
offe
nse
is
upgr
aded
to a
cla
ss D
felo
ny if
the
offe
nder
has
a p
rior h
andg
un v
iola
tion
conv
ictio
n or
any
fel
ony
conv
ictio
n w
ithin
the
prev
ious
15
year
s. I
llino
is
law
tre
ats p
etty
the
ft a
s a
mis
dem
eano
r for
a fi
rst o
ffen
der,
but
if th
e pe
rson
has
pre
viou
sly
been
co
nvic
ted
of a
ny type
of t
heft
, ro
bber
y, a
rmed
robb
ery
or b
urgl
ary,
th
e of
fens
e is
upg
rade
d to
a c
lass
4
felo
ny.
The
Illin
ois
law
spe
cifi
cally
re
quir
es th
at th
e pr
ior
conv
ictio
n m
ust b
e st
ated
in t
he in
form
atio
n or
in
dict
men
t so
as to
giv
e no
tice
of t
he
inte
ntio
n to
trea
t the
cha
rge
as a
fe
lony
. C
alif
orni
a ha
s a
sim
ilar l
aw
that
upg
rade
s pe
tty th
eft t
o a
felo
ny if
th
e of
fend
er h
as a
prio
r co
nvic
tion
for
thef
t, ro
bber
y or
bur
glar
y. W
ne
law
cl
assi
fies
firs
t off
ense
s of
thef
t, fo
rger
y or
neg
otia
ting
a w
orth
less
in
stru
men
t as
clas
s D
cri
mes
, but
up
grad
es th
e of
fens
es to
cla
ss C
cr
imes
if t
he o
ffen
der h
as tw
o or
mor
e pr
ior
conv
ictio
ns fo
r the
ft, f
orge
ry,
frau
d, w
orth
less
inst
rum
ents
, rob
bery
or
bur
glar
y.
Stat
utes
Req
uiri
ng th
e U
se of
Cri
min
al H
isto
ry R
ecor
d In
form
atio
n
En
han
ced
Sen
ten
ces
Tab
le 4
list
s St
ate
and
Fede
ral
stat
utor
y pr
ovis
ions
that
requ
ire o
r pe
rmit
the
impo
sitio
n of
enh
ance
d se
nten
ces i
f th
e of
fend
er h
as p
rior
conv
ictio
ns.
Tha
t is,
thes
e st
atut
es
prov
ide
for s
trict
er se
nten
ces f
or
parti
cula
r off
ense
s rat
her t
han
upgr
adin
g th
e of
fens
e to
a m
ore
serio
us c
harg
e. I
n so
me
case
s, th
e pr
ior c
onvi
ctio
ns m
ust b
e fo
r the
sa
me
offe
nse,
but i
n m
any
case
s en
hanc
ed se
nten
ces c
an b
e ba
sed
upon
an
y pr
ior
conv
ictio
n.
Kan
sas,
for e
xam
ple,
has
a re
peat
fe
lony
off
ende
r law
that
pro
vide
s th
at
a pe
rson
con
vict
ed fo
r a se
cond
tim
e of
any
fel
ony
offe
nse
may
be
sent
ence
d to
up
to tw
ice
the
norm
al
max
imum
sen
tenc
e, a
nd a
per
son
conv
icte
d of
a fe
lony
for a
third
or
subs
eque
nt ti
me
may
be
sent
ence
d to
up
to th
ree
times
the
norm
al
max
imum
sen
tenc
e. W
isco
nsin
's re
peat
off
ende
r law
pro
vide
s for
en
hanc
ed p
enal
ties
of u
p to
10
addi
tiona
l yea
rs fo
r per
sons
with
prio
r fe
lony
con
vict
ions
or th
ree
mis
dem
eano
r con
vict
ions
with
in th
e pr
evio
us fi
ve y
ears
. C
alifo
rnia
law
pr
ovid
es th
at a
ny p
erso
n co
nvic
ted
of
a se
rious
felo
ny w
ho h
as p
revi
ousl
y be
en c
onvi
cted
of
a se
rious
felo
ny in
C
alifo
rnia
or a
ny o
ther
juris
dict
ion
shal
l rec
eive
a m
anda
tory
five
-yea
r en
hanc
emen
t for
eac
h su
ch p
rior
conv
ictio
n, an
d in
som
e ca
ses m
ay b
e gi
ven
addi
tiona
l enh
ance
men
ts o
f up
to
thre
e ye
ars
for e
ach
prio
r pris
on
term
ser
ved
in C
alifo
rnia
or
else
whe
re.
New
Mex
ico
law
pro
vide
s fo
r enh
ance
d se
nten
ces f
or fe
lony
of
fend
ers o
f one
add
ition
al y
ear f
ix a
si
ngle
prio
r fe
lony
con
vict
ion,
four
ad
ditio
nal y
ears
for t
wo
prio
r fel
ony
conv
ictio
ns an
d ei
ght a
dditi
onal
yea
rs
for t
hree
or m
ore
prio
r fel
ony
conv
ictio
ns.
In a
dditi
on to
thes
e ex
ampl
es, m
any
othe
r Sta
tes h
ave
repe
at o
r per
sist
ent f
elon
y of
fend
er
law
s tha
t pro
vide
for e
nhan
ced
sent
ence
s for
felo
ny o
ffen
ders
with
pr
ior
felo
ny c
onvi
ctio
ns.
Som
e of
th
ese
law
s pro
vide
for
mor
e se
rious
en
hanc
emen
ts fo
r rep
eat v
iole
nt
offe
nder
s or r
epea
t off
ende
rs w
ho u
se
dang
erou
s wea
pons
. O
ther
pro
visi
ons,
as
note
d ab
ove,
au
thor
ize
spec
ified
enha
nced
sent
ence
s fo
r sec
ond
or s
ubse
quen
t con
vict
ions
fo
r the
sam
e of
fens
e. F
or e
xam
ple,
W
yom
ing
law
pro
vide
s fo
r spe
cifie
d en
hanc
ed s
ente
nces
for s
econ
d or
su
bseq
uent
conv
ictio
ns o
f se
xual
as
saul
t or a
band
onin
g or
end
ange
ring
child
ren.
In
Wis
cons
in, t
he p
enal
ty
for d
omes
tic a
buse
off
ense
s may
be
incr
ease
d by
up
to tw
o ye
ars
if th
e of
fend
er has p
revi
ousl
y be
en m
ted
fo
r a d
omes
tic ab
use
inci
dent
. In
C
alifo
rnia
, per
sons
con
vict
ed o
f sp
ecifi
ed s
exua
l off
ense
s rec
eive
m
anda
tory
five
-yea
r enh
ance
men
ts fo
r ea
ch p
rior c
onvi
ctio
n fo
r any
suc
h se
xual
off
ense
unl
ess
the
offe
nse
occu
rred
prio
r to
a te
n-ye
ar p
erio
d du
ring
whi
ch th
e pe
rson
was
not
in
pris
on c
usto
dy a
nd d
id n
ot h
ave
a fe
lony
con
vict
ion.
Num
erou
s St
ates
, in
clud
ing
Ala
ska,
Col
orad
o,
Con
nect
icut
, Ida
ho, K
entu
cky,
New
H
amps
hire
, Sou
th C
arol
ina
and
Was
hing
ton,
hav
e pr
ovis
ions
in th
eir
cont
rolle
d su
bsta
nces
acts
that
pro
vide
fo
r spe
cifie
d en
hanc
ed p
enal
ties f
or
drug
off
ense
s if t
he o
ffen
der h
as p
rior
drug
off
ense
conv
ictio
ns o
r, in
som
e ca
ses,
pro
vide
for l
enie
ncy
for c
erta
in
viol
atio
ns if
the
offe
nder
has
no
prev
ious
dru
g of
fens
e co
nvic
tions
. Fi
nally
, sev
eral
Sta
tes,
incl
udin
g A
lask
a, D
elaw
are,
Mic
higa
n an
d N
ew
Mex
ico,
hav
e la
ws p
rovi
ding
for
spec
ified
enha
nced
pen
altie
s fo
r dr
ivin
g un
der t
he in
fluen
ce (D
UI)
of
fend
ers w
ith p
rior D
UI c
onvi
ctio
ns.
Man
y ju
risdi
ctio
ns h
ave
stat
utor
y pr
ovis
ions
that
do
not s
peci
fy
parti
cula
r enh
ance
d te
rms
for p
rior
conv
ictio
ns, b
ut in
stea
d pe
rmit
the
cour
t to
cons
ider
prio
r co
nvic
tions
as
aggr
avat
ing
circ
umst
ance
s in
impo
sing
sen
tenc
es.
For
exam
ple,
nu
mer
ous
Stat
es, i
nclu
ding
C
alifo
rnia
, Flo
rida,
Idah
o, K
enm
cky,
M
assa
chus
etts
, Mon
tana
, New
M
exic
o an
d V
erm
ont,
perm
it co
urts
de
alin
g w
ith c
apita
l off
ense
cas
es to
co
nsid
er p
revi
ous m
urde
r con
vict
ions
as
agg
rava
ting
circ
umst
ance
s au
thor
izin
g th
e im
posi
tion
of t
he
deat
h pe
nalty
or s
ente
nces
of l
ife
impr
ison
men
t with
out p
arol
e. O
ther
St
ates
hav
e es
tabl
ishe
d se
nten
cing
gu
idel
ines
that
take
prio
r co
nvic
tions
in
to c
onsi
dera
tion
in s
ettin
g se
nten
ce
rang
es fo
r par
ticul
ar o
ffen
ses o
r tha
t pe
rmit
judg
es t
o se
nten
ce ab
ove
the
reco
mm
ende
d m
ges
for p
erso
ns w
ith
spec
ified
prio
r con
vict
ions
. For
ex
ampl
e, th
e Fe
dera
l Sen
tenc
ing
Gui
delin
es e
stab
lish
pres
umpt
ive
sent
ence
rang
es fo
r Fed
eral
crim
es
base
d up
on o
ffen
se le
vel (
serio
usne
ss
of t
he c
rime)
and
prio
r crim
inal
hi
stor
y. S
ente
nce r
ange
s are
enha
nced
fo
r all
exce
pt m
inor
off
ense
s bas
ed
upon
the
num
ber,
na
m an
d re
cenc
y of
prio
r off
ense
s and
whe
ther
the
offe
nder
was
und
er a
ny fo
rm o
f cr
imin
al ju
stic
e cu
stod
y or
su
perv
isio
n at
the
time
of t
he n
ew
offe
nse.
In
addi
tion,
sent
enci
ng
judg
es a
re p
erm
itted
to d
epar
t fro
m
the
com
pute
d gu
idel
ine r
ange
if,
amon
g ot
her t
hing
s, th
e cr
imin
al
hist
ory
cate
gory
det
erm
ined
on
the
Stat
utes
Req
uiri
ng th
e U
se of
Cri
m'n
al H
isto
ry R
ecor
d In
form
atio
n
abov
e bas
is d
oes n
ot a
dequ
atel
y re
flect
th
e se
rious
ness
of t
he d
efen
dant
's pa
st
crim
inal
cond
uct o
r the
like
lihoo
d th
at th
e de
fend
ant w
ill c
omm
it ot
her
crime
^.^ O
ther
juris
dict
ions
-in
clud
ing Alaska,
Del
awar
e, F
lorid
a,
Illin
ois,
Min
neso
ta, O
rego
n,
Penn
sylv
ania
, Ten
ness
ee,
Was
hing
ton
and
Wis
cons
in -
have
es
tabl
ishe
d se
nten
cing
gui
delin
es, o
r pr
esum
ptiv
e or
det
erm
inat
e se
nten
cing
stru
ctur
es, th
at a
re b
ased
in
par
t on
prio
r con
vict
ions
as
aggr
avat
ing
fact
ors,
or o
n a
sent
ence
co
mpu
tatio
n fo
rmul
a tha
t inc
lude
s pr
ior c
onvi
ctio
ns as
a fa
ctor
. Se
nten
cing
com
mis
sion
s are
cur
rent
ly
deve
lopi
ng g
uide
lines
in H
awai
i, K
ansa
s, L
ouis
iana
, New
Mex
ico
and
Sout
h C
arol
ina.
Hab
itual
Off
end
ers
In a
dditi
on to
the
abov
e ci
ted
stat
utes
aut
horiz
ing
or re
quiri
ng th
e I
impo
sitio
n of
enh
ance
d se
nten
ces f
or
prio
r co
nvic
tions
in s
ome
case
s, all
I of
the
54
juris
dict
ions
hav
e st
atut
ory
prov
isio
ns au
thor
izin
g ce
rtain
pe
rsis
tent
off
ende
rs to
be
clas
sifie
d as
\ ha
bitu
al o
ffen
ders
, car
eer o
ffen
ders
, m
ultip
le o
ffen
ders
, pro
fess
iona
l of
fend
ers o
r som
e si
mila
r des
igna
tion
and
sent
ence
d to
sig
nific
antly
\
enha
nced
pre
sum
ptiv
e or
man
dato
ry
term
s of
im
pris
onm
ent (
Tab
le 5
). I
Man
y of
the
law
s als
o pr
ovid
e th
at
I su
ch o
ffen
ders
may
not
be
paro
led
or
mus
t ser
ve su
bsta
ntia
lly in
crea
sed
porti
ons
of th
eir s
ente
nces
bef
ore
beco
min
g el
igib
le fo
r par
ole.
For
ex
ampl
e, C
alifo
rnia
's ha
bitu
al
offe
nder
law
app
lies t
o an
y pe
rson
co
nvic
ted
of a
vio
lent
felo
ny w
ho h
as
serv
ed tw
o or
mor
e pr
ior p
rison
term
s fo
r enu
mer
ated
serio
us o
ffen
ses.
See
Tab
le 4
and
Wes
t's F
eder
al
Sent
enci
ng G
uide
lines
Man
ual,
1990
E
ditio
n, p
p. 2
21,
229,
236
.
Pers
ons w
ho h
ave
serv
ed tw
o pr
ior
pris
on te
rms r
ecei
ve a
man
dato
ry li
fe
term
with
no
paro
le s
oone
r tha
n 20
ye
ars.
Tho
se w
ho h
ave
serv
ed th
ree
or m
ore
prio
r pris
on te
rms
rece
ive
a m
anda
tory
life
term
with
out t
he
poss
ibili
ty o
f pa
role
. Pr
ior
pris
on
term
s are
not
cou
nted
for p
urpo
ses
of
the
stat
ute i
f the
per
son
rem
aine
d fr
ee
of c
rimin
al in
volv
emen
t for
a p
erio
d of
10
year
s afte
r rel
ease
from
su
perv
isio
n. A
s in
the
case
of
the
Cal
iforn
ia en
hanc
emen
t sta
tute
s cite
d ea
rlier
, the
Cal
iforn
ia h
abitu
al
offe
nder
law
requ
ires t
hat a
ny p
rior
conv
ictio
n or
pris
on te
rm u
sed
for
enha
ncem
ent p
urpo
ses
mus
t be
alle
ged
in th
e ac
cusa
tory
ple
adin
g an
d ei
ther
adm
itted
by
the
defe
ndan
t or
prov
ed in
cou
rt.
Del
awar
e's h
abitu
al c
rimin
al
stat
ute
appl
ies t
o pe
rson
s co
nvic
ted
for t
he th
ird ti
me
of e
num
erat
ed
serio
us fe
loni
es o
r for
the
four
th ti
me
of a
ny fe
lony
off
ense
. H
abitu
al,
serio
us fe
lony
off
ende
rs w
ho a
re n
ot
sent
ence
d to
dea
th re
ceiv
e m
anda
tory
li
fe se
nten
ces w
ithou
t the
pos
sibi
lity
of p
arol
e. H
abitu
al, n
on-s
erio
us
felo
ny o
ffen
ders
may
be
sent
ence
d to
en
hanc
ed te
rms u
p to
life
im
pris
onm
ent.
Flor
ida'
s la
w p
erm
its
the
impo
sitio
n of
enh
ance
d pe
nalti
es
(up
to li
fe w
ithou
t par
ole)
for
habi
tual
felo
ny o
ffen
ders
and
habi
tual
vi
olen
t fel
ony
offe
nder
s. T
he la
w
also
pro
vide
s th
at c
rimin
al ju
stic
e ag
enci
es in
the
stat
e sh
all e
mpl
oy
enha
nced
law
enf
orce
men
t eff
orts
in
the
inve
stig
atio
n, ap
preh
ensi
on a
nd
pros
ecut
ion
of c
aree
r crim
inal
s, in
clud
ing
coor
dina
tion
with
oth
er
loca
l, St
ate a
nd F
eder
al a
genc
ies a
nd
the
assi
gnm
ent o
f hi
ghly
qua
lifie
d in
vest
igat
ors a
nd p
rose
cuto
rs.
Haw
aii's
hab
itual
crim
inal
law
has
a
sim
ilar p
rovi
sion
requ
iring
enh
ance
d la
w e
nfor
cem
ent e
ffor
ts.
Geo
rgia
's la
w p
rovi
des
that
a
pers
on c
onvi
cted
for t
he f
ourth
tim
e of
a fe
lony
mus
t be
sent
ence
d to
the
max
imum
term
for
the
new
off
ense
an
d m
ay n
ot b
e pa
role
d. I
llino
is la
w
prov
ides
that
any
per
son
conv
icte
d of
fir
st d
egre
e m
urde
r, cr
imin
al se
xual
as
saul
t or a
ny c
lass
X fe
lony
(e
num
erat
ed se
rious
felo
nies
) afte
r tw
o or
mor
e pr
ior c
onvi
ctio
ns fo
r any
of
the
se o
ffen
ses i
n Il
linoi
s or
else
whe
re, s
hall
be a
djud
ged
a ha
bitu
al c
rimin
al a
nd re
ceiv
e a
man
dato
ry li
fe se
nten
ce if
the
deat
h pe
nalty
is n
ot im
pose
d. U
nder
In
dian
a's l
aw, f
elon
y of
fend
ers w
ith
two
or m
ore
prio
r fe
lony
con
vict
ions
ca
n be
sen
tenc
ed to
eig
ht to
30
addi
tiona
l yea
rs d
epen
ding
upo
n th
e se
rious
ness
of th
e ne
w a
nd p
rior
offe
nses
. So
uth
Car
olin
a's
habi
tual
off
ende
r st
atut
e pro
vide
s tha
t a p
erso
n co
nvic
ted
for t
he th
ird ti
me
of a
vi
olen
t crim
e sh
all b
e se
nten
ced
to
life
impr
ison
men
t with
out p
arol
e.
Idah
o's p
ersi
sten
t off
ende
r sta
tute
pr
ovid
es fo
r pris
on te
rms
of f
ive
year
s to
life
for p
erso
ns c
onvi
cted
for t
he
third
or s
ubse
quen
t tim
e of
a fe
lony
in
the
stat
e or
in a
ny o
ther
ju
risdi
ctio
n.
Ten
ness
ee's
law
pr
ovid
es fo
r enh
ance
d se
nten
ces f
or
mul
tiple
, per
sist
ent a
nd c
aree
r of
fend
ers a
nd p
rovi
des t
hat t
he d
istri
ct
atto
rney
mus
t file
a s
tate
men
t of
inte
nt to
see
k an
enh
ance
d se
nten
ce
10da
ys b
efor
e tri
al o
r ent
ry o
f a
guilt
y pl
ea u
nles
s wai
ved
by t
he
defe
ndan
t with
the
cour
t's c
onse
nt.
Bot
h In
dian
a an
d N
ew M
exic
o ha
ve
sim
ilar p
rovi
sion
s req
uirin
g th
e pr
osec
utor
to a
llege
hab
itual
off
ende
r st
atus
in t
he c
harg
ing
inst
rum
ent.
Sout
h D
akot
a's h
abitu
al o
ffen
der l
aw
requ
ires t
he S
tate
's at
torn
ey to
file
a
sepa
rate
info
rmat
ion
alle
ging
hab
itual
of
fend
er st
atus
at th
e tim
e of
ar
raig
nmen
t and
pro
vide
s tha
t any
ja
iler,
war
den,
or p
roba
tion,
par
ole,
pr
ison
or l
aw e
nfor
cem
ent o
ffic
er w
ho
has
know
ledg
e tha
t a p
erso
n ch
arge
d
Stat
utes
Req
uiri
ng th
e U
se o
f Cri
min
al H
isto
ry R
ecor
d In
form
atio
n
with
a fe
lony
has
pre
viou
sly
been
co
nvic
ted
shal
l hav
e a
duty
to re
port
th
e in
form
atio
n to
the
Sta
te's
at
torn
ey.
Wes
t Vir
gini
a's
law
pr
ovid
es th
at if
a p
riso
ner i
s re
ceiv
ed
by t
he S
tate
pen
itent
iary
and
the
war
den
has
know
ledg
e th
at th
e pe
rson
ha
s pr
evio
usly
bee
n co
nvic
ted
of a
fe
lony
in a
ny c
ourt
and
has
not
bee
n se
nten
ced
as a
repe
at o
r hab
itual
of
fend
er, t
he w
arde
n sh
all n
otify
the
cour
t and
the
cour
t sha
ll di
rect
that
an
appr
opri
ate
info
rmat
ion
be f
iled.
Fi
nally
, the
car
eer o
ffen
der
prov
isio
n in
the
Fed
eral
Sen
tenc
ing
Gui
delin
es p
rovi
des
for e
nhan
ced
sent
ence
s up
to l
ife
with
out p
arol
e fo
r pe
rson
s ch
arge
d w
ith c
rim
es o
f vi
olen
ce o
r con
trol
led
subs
tanc
e of
fens
es w
ho h
ave
two
or m
ore
prio
r co
nvic
tions
for a
ny s
uch
offe
nses
un
der
Sta
te o
r Fed
eral
law
. m
e
Gui
delin
es al
so p
rovi
de fo
r enh
ance
d se
nten
ces f
or "
crim
inal
live
lihoo
d,"
that
is, f
or p
erso
ns w
ho r
epea
tedl
y co
mm
it cr
imes
as
part
of
a pa
ttern
of
crim
inal
con
duct
enga
ged
in a
s a
livel
ihoo
d.
It is
app
aren
t fro
m th
e ex
ampl
es
desc
ribed
that
pro
per e
nfor
cem
ent o
f Fe
dera
l and
Sta
te h
abitu
al c
rim
inal
la
ws,
as
wel
l as
the
othe
r sen
tenc
ing
stat
utes
cite
d an
d de
scrib
ed in
pr
evio
us s
ectio
ns o
f th
e re
port
, re
quir
es th
at c
ourt
s and
, in
man
y ca
ses,
pro
secu
tors
, hav
e kn
owle
dge
of
offe
nder
s' pa
st c
rim
inal
invo
lvem
ent.
Thi
s m
eans
that
they
mus
t hav
e in
form
atio
n co
ncer
ning
not
onl
y th
e nu
mbe
r, n
am
and
date
s of
pre
viou
s co
nvic
tions
, but
als
o in
som
e ca
ses
mus
t kno
w w
heth
er th
e of
fend
er h
as
serv
ed p
revi
ous
pris
on t
erm
s, w
heth
er
the
offe
nder
was
on
bail
or u
nder
so
me
othe
r fo
rm o
f su
perv
isio
n at
the
time
of a
rres
t for
the
new
or
prio
r of
fens
es, a
nd w
heth
er th
e ne
w a
nd
prio
r in
cide
nts o
f cr
imin
al
invo
lvem
ent w
ere
sepa
rate
d by
pe
riods
dur
ing
whi
ch th
e in
divi
dual
w
as f
ree
of c
rim
inal
invo
lvem
ent.
As
in th
e ca
se o
f th
e st
atut
es c
ited
in
earl
ier p
arts
of
this
repo
rt, v
irtu
ally
al
l of
the
habi
tual
cri
min
al la
ws,
en
hanc
ed s
ente
ncin
g la
ws
and
offe
nse-
up
grad
e la
ws
cite
d in
thi
s pa
rt ta
ke
into
acc
ount
off
ense
s com
mitt
ed in
an
y S
tate
or F
eder
al c
ourt
and
, in
som
e ca
ses,
in te
rrito
rial
or f
orei
gn
cour
ts a
s w
ell.
Pro
batio
n E
ligib
ility
Tab
le 6
list
s law
s th
at re
quir
e or
pe
rmit
the
cons
ider
atio
n of
an
offe
nder
's pr
ior c
rim
inal
his
tory
in
deci
ding
whe
ther
to p
lace
the
offe
nder
on
pro
batio
n. A
s no
ted
prev
ious
ly,
virt
ually
all
of
the
habi
tual
off
ende
r la
ws
liste
d in
Tab
le 5
and
man
y of
th
e re
peat
off
ende
r and
sen
tenc
e en
hanc
emen
t law
s lis
ted
in T
able
4
prov
ide
for m
anda
tory
pris
on te
rms,
fo
recl
osin
g pr
obat
ion
as a
pos
sibl
e se
nten
ce.
In a
dditi
on, p
roba
tion
is
com
mon
ly p
rohi
bite
d fo
r per
sons
co
nvic
ted
of e
num
erat
ed se
riou
s of
fens
es, s
uch
as m
urde
r or o
ther
of
fens
es in
volv
ing
viol
ence
. W
here
pr
obat
ion
is n
ot p
rohi
bite
d, h
owev
er,
cour
ts g
ener
ally
hav
e th
e op
tion
of
orde
ring
an o
ffen
der p
lace
d on
pr
obat
ion.
A
lthou
gh i
t may
be
assu
med
that
, eve
n in
the
abs
ence
of
stat
utor
y au
thor
ity, a
pri
or c
rim
inal
hi
stor
y re
cord
wou
ld b
e a
prop
er
cons
ider
atio
n in
pro
batio
n de
cisi
ons,
m
any
Stat
es h
ave
enac
ted
law
s ex
pres
sly
requ
iring
or a
utho
rizi
ng
such
con
side
ratio
n.
Wes
t Vir
gini
a la
w, f
or e
xam
ple,
pr
ovid
es th
at n
o pe
rson
con
vict
ed o
f a
felo
ny s
hall
be s
ente
nced
to p
roba
tion
unle
ss th
e co
urt s
hall
have
rece
ived
an
d co
nsid
ered
a p
rese
nten
ce re
port
whi
ch "
shal
l in
clud
e in
fom
atio
n co
ncer
ning
the
offe
nder
's co
urt a
nd
crim
inal
reco
rd."
G
eorg
ia la
w
prov
ides
that
, unl
ess
prob
atio
n is
pr
ohib
ited
unde
r ot
her p
rovi
sion
s of
law
, a c
ourt
may
pla
ce a
n of
fend
er o
n pr
obat
ion
if, a
mon
g ot
her t
hing
s, th
e of
fend
er is
dee
med
not
like
ly to
en
gage
in f
urth
er c
rim
inal
con
duct
. B
efor
e m
akin
g th
is d
ecis
ion,
the
cour
t is
requ
ired
to re
ques
t a p
roba
tion
supe
rvis
or to
file
a re
port
whi
ch m
ust
incl
ude
info
rmat
ion
conc
erni
ng th
e of
fend
er's prior
crim
ind
reco
rd, i
f an
y. S
outh
Car
olin
a la
w p
rovi
des
that
if th
e se
rvic
es of
a p
roba
tion
offi
cer a
re av
aila
ble,
no
offe
nder
may
be
pla
ced
on p
roba
tion
unle
ss th
e co
urt r
ecei
ves a
nd c
onsi
ders
a re
port
th
at m
ust i
nclu
de in
form
atio
n ab
out
the
offe
nder
's pr
evio
us c
rim
inal
re
cord
. So
uth
Dak
ota
law
pro
vide
s th
at a
pre
sent
ence
repo
rt, w
ith
info
rmat
ion
abou
t any
pri
or o
ffen
ses,
m
ust b
e co
mpi
led
and
cons
ider
ed p
rior
to o
rder
ing
prob
atio
n un
less
the
defe
ndan
t wai
ves t
he re
quire
men
t or
the
cour
t fin
ds it
to b
e un
nece
ssar
y an
d so
sta
tes i
n th
e re
cord
.
Stat
utes
Req
uiri
ng th
e U
se o
f Cri
min
al H
isto
ry R
ecor
d In
form
atio
n
In I
llino
is, c
ourt
s are
requ
ired
to
impo
se a
sen
tenc
e of
pro
batio
n or
co
nditi
onal
dis
char
ge u
nles
s th
e of
- fe
nse
carr
ies
a m
anda
tory
pris
on te
rm
or, "
havi
ng re
gard
to th
e na
ture
and
ci
rcum
stan
ces
of t
he o
ffen
se an
d th
e hi
stor
y, c
hara
cter
and
con
ditio
n of
the
of
fend
er,"
the
cour
t dec
ides
that
irn-
pris
onm
ent i
s ne
cess
ary
to p
rote
ct th
e pu
blic
or t
o av
oid
depr
ecat
ing
the
se-
riou
snes
s of
the
offe
nse.
Neb
rask
a L
has
a si
mila
r pro
visi
on th
at e
stab
- lis
hes
prob
atio
n as
a p
resu
mpt
ive
t
sent
ence
for o
ffen
ses
that
do
not c
arry
m
anda
tory
pri
son
term
s, u
nles
s im
- pr
ison
men
t is
nece
ssar
y to
pro
tect
the
publ
ic fr
om t
he ri
sk o
f fu
rthe
r cri
mi-
na
l con
duct
. T
he la
w f
urth
er p
rovi
des
that
a fa
ctor
in f
avor
of
prob
atio
n sh
all b
e th
at th
e of
fend
er h
as n
o hi
s-
tory
of j
uven
ile o
r cri
min
al c
ondu
ct
and
has
led
a la
w-a
bidi
ng li
fe fo
r a
subs
tant
ial p
erio
d be
fore
the
inst
ant
offe
nse.
Haw
aii a
nd O
hio
also
hav
e st
atut
ory
prov
isio
ns a
utho
rizi
ng
cour
ts to
con
side
r the
abs
ence
of p
rior
cr
imin
al a
ctiv
ity a
s a
fact
or fa
vori
ng
prob
atio
n. K
ansa
s la
w p
rovi
des
that
t
prob
atio
n sh
all b
e th
e pr
esum
ptiv
e se
nten
ce fo
r per
sons
con
vict
ed o
f fe
loni
es o
f th
e le
ast s
erio
us c
lass
who
k
have
no
prev
ious
cri
min
al re
cord
s.
\ In
add
ition
to th
ese
stat
utes
m
akin
g an
off
ende
r's p
rior
cri
min
al
reco
rd a
man
dato
ry o
r dis
cret
iona
ry
\ fa
ctor
in p
roba
tion
dete
rmin
atio
ns,
I nu
mer
ous
Sta
tes h
ave
prov
isio
ns.
1 de
nyin
g or
lim
iting
pro
batio
n
elig
ibili
ty fo
r per
sons
with
spe
cifi
ed
prio
r co
nvic
tions
. Fo
r ex
ampl
e, a
C
olor
ado
law
pro
vide
s th
at p
roba
tion
may
not
be
orde
red
for a
ny o
ffen
der
with
two
or m
ore
prio
r fe
lony
co
nvic
tions
or a
n of
fend
er w
ith o
ne o
r m
ore
prio
r fel
onie
s who
is
conv
icte
d of
a c
lass
1,2
or 3
felo
ny.
Mis
siss
ippi
law
pro
hibi
ts p
roba
tion
fdr a
ny c
onvi
cted
off
ende
r who
has a
pr
ior
felo
ny c
onvi
ctio
n. N
orth
C
arol
ina
law
pro
hibi
ts p
roba
tion
for
pers
ons
conv
icte
d fo
r the
sec
ond
or
subs
eque
nt ti
me
of o
ffen
ses
invo
lvin
g de
adly
wea
pons
. G
eorg
ia la
w
proh
ibits
pro
batio
n fo
r per
sons
co
nvic
ted
for t
he s
econ
d or
sub
sequ
ent
time
of b
urgl
ary
or a
rmed
robb
ery
or
conv
icte
d fo
r the
third
or s
ubse
quen
t tim
e of
sex
ual o
ffen
ses a
gain
st
child
ren.
Cal
ifor
nia
law
pro
hibi
ts
prob
atio
n fo
r per
sons
who
hav
e tw
o or
mor
e pr
ior
felo
ny c
onvi
ctio
ns in
C
alif
orni
a or
els
ewhe
re, "
exce
pt in
un
usua
l cas
es w
here
the
inte
rest
s of
just
ice
wou
ld b
e be
st s
erve
d if
the
pers
on is
gra
nted
pro
batio
n."
Pre
sent
ence
Rep
orts
As
Tab
le 7
sho
ws,
alm
ost a
ll of
th
e ju
risd
ictio
ns h
ave
stat
utes
or c
ourt
ru
les
that
requ
ire
or a
utho
rize
se
nten
cing
judg
es t
o or
der t
he
prep
arat
ion
of p
rese
nten
ce re
ports
to
guid
e th
e se
nten
cing
dec
isio
n.
Vir
tual
ly all
of th
ese
prov
isio
ns
requ
ire
the
pres
ente
nce
repo
rt to
in
clud
e in
form
atio
n ab
out t
he
offe
nder
's pr
ior c
rim
inal
his
tory
. So
me
of t
he s
tatu
tes r
equi
re th
e pr
epar
atio
n of
pre
sent
ence
repo
rts in
al
l cas
es, i
nclu
ding
felo
nies
and
m
isde
mea
nors
. For
exa
mpl
e, th
e Fe
dera
l sta
tute
s ci
ted
in T
able
7, i
n co
mbi
natio
n w
ith t
he c
ited
prov
isio
ns
of t
he F
eder
al R
ules
of
Cri
min
al
Proc
edur
e, re
quire
cou
rts to
ord
er a
pr
obat
ion
offi
cer t
o co
nduc
t a
pres
ente
nce
inve
stig
atio
n an
d re
port
to
the
cour
t bef
ore
the
impo
sitio
n of
se
nten
ce u
nles
s th
e co
urt f
inds
that
th
ere
is in
form
atio
n in
the
reco
rd
suff
icie
nt to
ena
ble
the
mea
ning
ful
exer
cise
of
sent
enci
ng a
utho
rity
. T
he
pres
ente
nce
repo
rt is
requ
ired
to
incl
ude
info
rmat
ion
conc
erni
ng th
e na
ture
and
circ
umst
ance
s of
the
of
fens
e an
d th
e hi
stor
y an
d ch
arac
teri
stic
s of
the
offe
nder
, in
clud
ing
spec
ific
ally
any
prio
r cri
min
al re
cord
. Pe
nnsy
lvan
ia's
law
als
o re
quire
s pr
esen
tenc
e re
ports
pr
ior
to s
ente
ncin
g in
all
case
s. T
he
repo
rt m
ust i
nclu
de a
ll cr
imin
al
char
ges b
roug
ht in
any
cou
rt a
gain
st
the
defe
ndan
t and
the
stat
us o
r di
spos
ition
of
such
cha
rges
, as
wel
l as
an
indi
catio
n of
whe
ther
the
defe
ndan
t is
then
ser
ving
any
term
of
impr
ison
men
t or
is o
n pr
obat
ion
or
paro
le w
ith r
efer
ence
to a
ny s
uch
char
ges.
M
ore
com
mon
ly, h
owev
er, t
he
stat
utes
requ
ire
the
prep
arat
ion
of p
re-
sent
ence
repo
rts
in f
elon
y ca
ses
and
mak
e th
em d
iscr
etio
nary
with
the
cour
t in
mis
dem
eano
r cas
es.
For e
xam
ple,
Flo
rida
law
pro
vide
s th
at p
rior
to
the
sent
enci
ng o
f a
per-
so
n w
ho h
as b
een
foun
d gu
ilty
or h
as
plea
ded
guilt
y or
nol
o co
nten
dere
, the
cour
t sha
ll in
a fe
lony
cas
e, a
nd m
ay
in a
mis
dem
eano
r cas
e, re
fer t
he c
ase
to th
e D
epar
tmen
t of C
orre
ctio
ns fo
r in
vest
igat
ion
and
reco
mm
enda
tion.
T
he D
epar
tmen
t's r
epor
t is
requ
ired
to
set o
ut, a
mon
g ot
her t
hing
s, "a
n ex
- pl
anat
ion
of t
he o
ffen
der's
cri
min
al
reco
rd, i
f an
y, in
clud
ing
his
vers
ion
and
expl
anat
ion
of a
ny p
revi
ous
of-
fens
es."
Kan
sas l
aw m
akes
pre
sen-
te
nce
repo
rts d
iscr
etio
nary
in m
isde
- m
eano
r ca
ses,
but
pro
vide
s th
at c
ourt
s m
ust o
rder
the
prep
arat
ion
of p
rese
n-
tenc
e re
port
s in
felo
ny c
ases
"un
less
th
e co
urt f
inds
that
ade
quat
e an
d cu
r-
rent
info
rmat
ion
is a
vaila
ble
in a
pre
-vi
ous
pres
ente
nce
inve
stig
atio
n re
port
or
from
oth
er s
ourc
es."
The
law
pro
- vi
des
that
pre
sent
ence
repo
rts
shal
l, ex
cept
for g
ood
caus
e sh
own,
incl
ude
info
rmat
ion
conc
erni
ng, a
mon
g ot
her
thin
gs, "
the
crim
inal
reco
rd, s
ocia
l hi
stor
y an
d pr
esen
t con
ditio
n of
the
de
fend
ant"
The
law
fur
ther
requ
ires
all g
over
nmen
tal a
genc
ies
to f
urni
sh
allr
eque
sted
rec
ords
exce
pt w
here
sp
ecif
ical
ly p
rohi
bite
d by
law
.
Stat
utes
Req
uiri
ng th
e U
se of
Cri
min
al H
isto
ry R
ecor
d In
form
atio
n
Oth
er S
tate
stat
utes
leav
e th
e m
atte
r of p
rese
nten
ce re
ports
to th
e di
scre
tion
of t
he c
ourts
in all
case
s.
As
an e
xam
ple,
Del
awar
e's la
w
prov
ides
that
upo
n co
nvic
tion
of a
ny
pers
on fo
r any
crim
e and
bef
ore
sent
enci
ng, t
he c
ourt
may
, bef
ore
impo
sing
sen
tenc
e, d
irect
a p
roba
tion
offic
er "t
o th
orou
ghly
inve
stig
ate
and
repo
rt up
on th
e hi
stor
y of
the
accu
sed
and
any
and
all
othe
r rel
evan
t fac
ts."
Su
ch o
ffic
er is
requ
ired
to in
vest
igat
e,
amon
g ot
her t
hing
s, th
e "c
rimin
al
reco
rd, s
ocia
l his
tory
and
beh
avio
r pa
ttern
" of
the
offe
nder
and
to f
ile a
re
port
that
mus
t inc
lude
, am
ong
othe
r th
ings
, "an
eva
luat
ion
of th
e of
fend
er's
crim
inal
con
duct
" T
he a
genc
ies o
rder
ed to
pre
pare
pr
esen
tenc
e rep
orts
(und
er th
e la
ws
liste
d in
Tab
le 7
) gen
eral
ly a
re
perm
itted
tim
e fo
r inv
estig
atio
n an
d co
mpi
latio
n of
nee
ded
info
rmat
ion.
T
hus
they
are
not
as
cons
train
ed as
are
polic
e of
fici
als,
cour
t co
mm
issi
oner
s and
oth
ers w
ho n
eed
to o
btai
n cr
imin
al re
cord
info
rmat
ion
as q
uick
ly a
s pos
sibl
e. F
or e
xam
ple,
th
ere
gene
rally
will
be
time
for
agen
cies
pre
parin
g pr
esen
tenc
e rep
orts
to
obt
ain
a fin
gerp
rint-b
ased
sear
ch o
f th
e St
ate'
s cr
imin
al re
cord
sys
tem
, th
us a
void
ing
the
risk
of m
issi
ng a
pr
evio
us re
cord
bec
ause
the
subj
ect
gave
a fi
ctiti
ous
nam
e. T
here
may
al
so b
e su
ffic
ient
tim
e to
rmei
ve a
re
spon
se fr
om th
e FB
I ind
icat
ing
whe
ther
the
subj
ect h
as a
n ar
rest
in
anot
her j
uris
dict
ion.
Fin
ally
, the
re
may
be
suff
icie
nt ti
me
to c
onta
ct
cour
ts a
nd c
orre
ctio
nal a
genc
ies,
if
nece
ssar
y, to
obt
ain
mis
sing
di
spos
ition
info
rmat
ion
or to
ver
ify
the
accu
racy
of r
ecor
ded
atre
st an
d di
spos
ition
info
rmat
ion.
Stat
utes
Req
uiri
ng th
e U
se of
Cri
min
al H
isto
ry R
ecor
d In
form
atio
n
Tabl
e 3
Sta
tute
s pr
ovid
ing
for
upgr
aded
cha
rges
for
offe
nder
s w
ith p
rior
con
vict
ions
(N
ote:
Sta
tm w
hich
do
wr
have
sl
am
pmvi
ding
for
upg
rade
d c
bg
m fo
r of
fede
ra w
ithpr
ior
conv
ictio
m a
re o
mitt
edfm
m the t
able
.)
Sta
te
Cita
tion
Ala
bam
a 13
A-1
2-21
3 A
lask
a 11
.46.
130
11.4
6.14
0
11.4
6.22
0
11.4
6.48
4
11.7
1.01
0
Ari
zona
13
-140
6.01
13-3
410
- 13-3
415
28-6
92.0
1 .E
Cal
ifor
nia
Pen.
Cod
e Q
666
Pen.
Cod
e Q
313.
4
Pen.
Cod
e Q
314
Col
orad
o 12
-22-
127
18-1
2-10
8
Sta
tuto
ry p
rovi
sion
(S
tahu
oy p
mvi
rior
rr are w
nw
mi2
6d o
rpm
ap
hrc
d)
Sec
ond
offe
nse
of s
impl
e po
sses
sion
of
mar
ijua
na i
s cl
ass
C f
elon
y.
The
ft o
f pr
oper
ty o
f va
lue
of $
50 -
$500
is c
lass
C f
elon
y if
pers
on h
as
been
con
vict
ed a
nd s
ente
nced
for
the
ft o
r co
ncea
lmen
t off
ense
s tw
ice
wit
hin
the
prev
ious
fiv
e ye
ars.
The
ft o
f pr
oper
ty o
f va
lue
of l
ess
than
$50
is a
cla
ss A
mis
dem
eano
r if
the
pers
on h
as b
een
conv
icte
d an
d se
nten
ced
for
thef
t or
con
ceal
men
t of
fens
es t
wic
e w
ithin
pre
viou
s fi
ve y
ears
.
Con
ceal
men
t of
stol
en m
erch
andi
se b
y a
pers
on w
ho h
as b
een
conv
icte
d an
d se
nten
ced
for
the
sam
e of
fens
e tw
ice
wit
hin
the
prev
ious
fi
ve y
ears
is
a cl
ass
C f
elon
y if
the
valu
e of
the
pro
pert
y is
$50
to
$500
, and
is a
cla
ss A
mis
dem
eano
r if
the
prop
erty
is
a va
lue
unde
r $
50
. C
rim
inal
mis
chie
f in
volv
ing
prop
erty
val
ued
at $
50 -
$500
is a
cla
ss A
m
isde
mea
nor,
but
if t
he p
erso
n ha
s be
en c
onvi
cted
of
crim
inal
m
isch
ief
wit
hin
the
prev
ious
sev
en y
ears
, the
off
ense
is
a cl
ass C
felo
ny.
Dru
g m
isco
nduc
t is
an u
ncla
ssif
ied
felo
ny if
the
cri
min
al o
ffen
se is
a
felo
ny a
nd i
s pa
rt o
f a
cont
inui
ng s
erie
s of
at
leas
t fiv
e dr
ug v
iola
tion
s un
dert
aken
with
at l
east
fiv
e ot
her
pers
ons
supe
rvis
ed b
y th
e of
fend
er.
Fir
st o
ffen
se o
f se
xual
ass
ault
of
a sp
ouse
is a
cla
ss 6
felo
ny;
subs
eque
nt o
ffen
ses
are
clas
s 2
felo
nies
.
Ser
ious
dru
g of
fend
ers
(tho
se w
ho c
omm
it s
erio
us d
rug
offe
nses
as
part
of
a p
atte
rn o
f at
leas
t th
ree
rela
ted
drug
vio
lati
ons)
sha
ll b
e se
nten
ced
to l
ife
impr
ison
men
t.
Con
side
rati
on o
f w
heth
er a
n ob
ject
is
proh
ibit
ed d
rug
para
pher
nali
a sh
all
incl
ude,
am
ong
othe
r fa
ctor
s, a
ny p
rior
dru
g co
nvic
tion
s of
pe
rson
ow
ning
or
cont
roll
ing
the
obje
ct.
Pers
on c
onvi
cted
of
a se
cond
dri
ving
und
er th
e in
flue
nce
of d
rugs
or
alco
hol (
DU
X) v
iola
tion
wit
hin
60 m
onth
s is
gui
lty
of a
cla
ss 1
m
isde
mea
nor.
A t
hird
or
subs
eque
nt v
iola
tion
is
a cl
ass
5 fe
lony
.
Per
son
conv
icte
d of
pet
ty t
heft
aft
er p
revi
ous
conv
icti
on f
or t
heft
, ro
bber
y or
bur
glar
y sh
all b
e se
nten
ced
to u
p to
one
yea
r in
cou
nty
jail.
Per
son
conv
icte
d of
dis
trib
utio
n or
exh
ibit
ion
of h
arm
ful
mat
ter
to
min
or i
s pu
nish
able
by
up to
$2,
000
fine
or
up t
o on
e ye
ar i
n ja
il or
bo
th.
Sub
sequ
ent o
ffen
se i
s pu
nish
able
as
a fe
lony
by
impr
ison
men
t in
sta
te p
riso
n.
Inde
cent
exp
osur
e is
pun
isha
ble
by u
p to
one
yea
r in
jail
. S
ubse
quen
t of
fens
e is
pun
isha
ble
as a
fel
ony
and
impr
ison
men
t in
stat
e pr
ison
.
Fir
st o
ffen
se o
f vi
olat
ion
of p
rovi
sion
s re
lati
ng t
o dr
uggi
sts
and
sale
of
dru
gs is
a c
lass
2 m
isde
mea
nor;
sec
ond
or s
ubse
quen
t off
ense
is a
cl
ass
6 fe
lony
.
Fir
st o
ffen
se o
f po
sses
sion
of
fire
arm
by
conv
icte
d fe
lon
is a
cla
ss 5
fe
lony
. S
econ
d or
sub
sequ
ent o
ffen
se is
a c
lass
4 fe
lony
.
Stat
utes
Req
uiri
ng th
e U
se of
Cri
min
al H
isto
ry R
ecor
d In
form
atio
n T
able
3
17
Tabl
e 3
(co
nt.)
S
tatu
tes
prov
idin
g fo
r up
grad
ed c
harg
es fo
r of
fend
ers
with
pri
or c
onvi
ctio
ns
(Not
e: Statex
whi
ch d
o no
t hav
e st
aacr
w p
rovi
ding
for
upgr
aded
cha
rgex
for
offe
nde
n w
ithpr
ior
conv
ictio
nr a
re o
min
edfm
m the
tabl
e.)
Sta
te
Cita
tion
Con
nect
icut
5
3 a-
40
Del
awar
e S
enat
e B
ill
No.
58,
Jul
y 1,
19
89, T
ruth
in
Sen
tenc
ing
Act
Geo
rgia
16
-5-4
5
16-8
-14
16-1
1-12
6
16-1
1-12
8
Idah
o 18
-800
5
Illi
nois
23
-235
5
38-1
1-14
38-1
1-20
38-1
2-15
38-1
6-1
38-2
4-1
38-2
8-3
38-3
3A-3
38-3
7-1
56 1
/2-1
406
Sta
tuto
ry p
rovi
sion
(S
tam
ry p
mvi
sior
u ar
e su
nun@
rize
d or p
map
hm
ed.)
Pro
vide
s fo
r se
nten
cing
of
pers
ons
with
des
igna
ted
prio
r co
nvic
tion
s as
(1)
a p
ersi
sten
t dan
gero
us fe
lony
off
ende
r (c
lass
A f
elon
y), (
2) a
pe
rsis
tent
ser
ious
fel
ony
offe
nder
(ne
xt m
ost
seri
ous
degr
ee o
f fe
lony
),
(3)
a pe
rsis
tent
larc
eny
offe
nder
(cl
ass
D f
elon
y) o
r (4
) a
pers
iste
nt
felo
ny o
ffen
der
(nex
t mos
t se
riou
s d
ep
of f
elon
y).
Cla
ssif
ies
offe
nses
for
sen
tenc
ing
purp
oses
, in
clud
ing
som
e of
fens
es
upgr
aded
bas
ed o
n pr
ior
conv
icti
ons.
Inte
rfer
ence
with
chi
ld c
usto
dy.
Fir
st o
ffen
se is
a m
isde
mea
nor;
se
cond
off
ense
is u
pgra
ded
mis
dem
eano
r; t
hird
off
ense
is a
fel
ony.
Sho
plif
ting
. F
irst
off
ense
is a
mis
dem
eano
r; s
econ
d of
fens
e is
an
up
grad
ed m
isde
mea
nor
with
man
dato
ry f
ine;
thir
d of
fens
e is
an
up
grad
ed m
isde
mea
nor
with
man
dato
ry ja
il t
erm
; fo
urth
or
subs
eque
nt
offe
nse
is a
fel
ony.
Car
ryin
g co
ncea
led
wea
pon.
F
irst
off
ense
is a
mis
dem
eano
r; s
econ
d or
su
bseq
uent
off
ense
is
a fe
lony
. C
arry
ing
a fi
rear
m w
ithou
t a
lice
nse.
Fir
st o
ffen
se is
a m
isde
mea
nor;
se
cond
or
subs
eque
nt o
ffen
se is
a f
elon
y.
DUI.
Fir
st o
ffen
se is
a m
isde
mea
nor
with
pos
sibl
e f
ie an
d ja
il te
rm;
seco
nd o
ffen
se w
ithi
n fi
ve y
ears
is
a m
isde
mea
nor w
ith m
anda
tory
jail
te
rm;
thir
d or
sub
sequ
ent o
ffen
se w
ithi
n fi
ve y
ears
is
a fe
lony
.
Chi
ld e
ndan
germ
ent.
Fir
st o
ffen
se is
a c
lass
A m
isde
mea
nor;
sec
ond
or
subs
eque
nt o
ffen
se is
a c
lass
4 f
elon
y.
Pro
stit
utio
n. F
irst
and
sec
ond
offe
nses
are
mis
dem
eano
rs; t
hird
and
su
bseq
uent
off
ense
s ar
e fe
loni
es.
Obs
ceni
ty i
s a
clas
s A
mis
dem
eano
r; s
econ
d or
sub
sequ
ent o
ffen
se is
a
clas
s 4
felo
ny.
Cri
min
al se
xual
abu
se is
a c
lass
A m
isde
mea
nor;
sec
ond
or s
ubse
quen
t of
fens
e is
a c
lass
2 f
elon
y.
The
ft o
f pr
oper
ty n
ot e
xcee
ding
$30
0 in
val
ue i
s a
clas
s A
m
isde
mea
nor,
but
if
the
offe
nder
has
pre
viou
sly been c
onvi
cted
of
thef
t, ro
bber
y, b
urgl
ary,
pos
sess
ion
of b
urgl
ary
tool
s or
hom
e
inva
sion
, the
off
ense
is
a cl
ass
4 fe
lony
.
Unl
awfu
l use
of
wea
pons
. F
irst
off
ense
for
car
ryin
g or
pos
sess
ing
an
unla
wfu
l wea
pon
is a
cla
ss A
mis
dem
eano
r; a
sec
ond
or s
ubse
quen
t vi
olat
ion
is a
cla
ss 4
fel
ony.
Kee
ping
a g
ambl
ing
plac
e.
Fir
st o
ffen
se i
s a
clas
s C
mis
dem
eano
r; a
se
cond
or
subs
eque
nt o
ffen
se is
a c
lass
4 f
elon
y.
Com
mis
sion
of
a fe
lony
with
a c
ateg
ory II w
eapo
n is
a c
lass
2 f
elon
y;
a se
cond
or
subs
eque
nt v
iola
tion
is
a cl
ass
1 fe
lony
.
Mai
ntai
ning
a p
ubli
c nu
isan
ce.
Fir
st o
ffen
se is
a c
lass
A
mis
dem
eano
r; s
econ
d or
sub
sequ
ent o
ffen
se is
a c
lass
4 f
elon
y.
Con
trol
led
subs
tanc
e of
fens
es.
Fir
st o
ffen
ses
are
clas
s A
m
isde
mea
nors
; se
cond
and
sub
sequ
ent o
ffen
ses
are
clas
s 4
felo
nies
.
18
Tab
le 3
St
atut
es R
equi
ring
the
Use
of C
rim
inal
His
tory
Rec
ord
Info
rmat
ion
- -
Tabi
e 3
(co
nt.)
S
tatu
tes
prov
idin
g fo
r up
grad
ed c
harg
es f
or o
ffen
ders
with
pri
or
conv
ictio
ns
(Not
e:
Sta
tes
whi
ch &
no
t ha
ve s
tatu
us p
rovi
dn
g fo
r yp
grod
cd c
harg
es fo
r off
ende
rs w
ith
pri
or
conv
ictw
rrr
are
onut
tedf
rom
the t
able
.)
Sta
te
Cit
atio
n
Indi
ana
16-6-8-10
35-43-4-2.5
35-45-4-2
35-43-4-2.3
35-43-5-7
35-45-4-3
35-47-2-23
35-48-4-8.1
35-48-4-8.2
35-48-4-8.3
35-48-4-10
35-48-4-14
Iow
a 714.2
Kan
sas
8-262
65-4127a
Ken
tuck
y 189A.090
Sta
tuto
ry p
rovi
sio
n
(Sta
huor
y pr
ovir
ions
me
sum
ma?
iud
or p
map
hm
ed.)
Ille
gal s
ale
of l
egal
dru
gs.
Fir
st o
ffen
se is
a c
lass
D fe
lony
. S
econ
d or
su
bseq
uent
off
ense
is a
cla
ss C
fel
ony.
Rec
eivi
ng s
tole
n au
to p
arts
. F
irst
off
ense
is a
cla
ss D
fel
ony.
Se
cond
or
sub
sequ
ent o
ffen
se is
a c
lass
C f
elon
y.
Pro
stit
utio
n is
a c
lass
A m
isde
mea
nor,
but
bec
omes
a c
lass
D f
elon
y on
th
e th
ird
offe
nse.
Buy
ing
or s
elli
ng p
rope
rty
with
rem
oved
or
alte
red
seri
al n
umbe
r is
a
clas
s A m
isde
mea
nor;
sec
ond
or s
ubse
quen
t off
ense
is a
cla
ss D
fel
ony.
Wel
fare
frau
d un
der $250
is a
cla
ss A
mis
dem
eano
r, b
ut i
s a
clas
s D
fe
lony
if t
he o
ffen
der
has
a pr
ior
conv
icti
on fo
r w
elfa
re f
raud
.
Patr
oniz
ing
a pr
osti
tute
is a
cla
ss A
mis
dem
eano
r, b
ut i
s a
clas
s D
fe
lony
upo
n th
e th
ird
conv
icti
on.
Car
ryin
g a
hand
gun
with
out
a va
lid
lice
nse
is a
cla
ss A
mis
dem
eano
r,
but
is a
cla
ss D
fel
ony
if th
e of
fend
er h
as a
pri
or c
onvi
ctio
n fo
r th
e sa
me
offe
nse
or a
ny p
rior
fel
ony
conv
icti
on w
ithi
n th
e pr
evio
us 15
year
s.
Man
ufac
turi
ng d
rug
para
pher
nali
a is
a c
lass
A in
frac
tion
, but
a s
econ
d or
sub
sequ
ent o
ffen
se is
a c
lass
D f
elon
y.
Dea
ling
in d
rug
para
pher
nali
a is
a c
lass
A in
frac
tion
, but
a s
econ
d or
su
bseq
uent
off
ense
is a
cla
ss D
felo
ny.
Poss
essi
on o
f dr
ug p
arap
hern
alia
is a
cla
ss A
infr
acti
on, b
ut a
sec
ond
or s
ubse
quen
t off
ense
is a
cla
ss D
felo
ny.
Rec
kles
s po
sses
sion
of
drug
pa
raph
erna
lia i
s a
clas
s A m
isde
mea
nor,
but
a s
econ
d or
sub
sequ
ent
offe
nse
is a
cla
ss D
fel
ony.
Dru
g de
alin
g is
a c
lass
A m
isde
mea
nor,
but
a s
econ
d or
sub
sequ
ent
offe
nse
is a
cla
ss D
fel
ony.
Off
ense
s rel
ated
to
frau
dule
nt d
rug
pres
crip
tion
s ar
e cl
ass
D f
elon
ies,
bu
t se
cond
or
subs
eque
nt o
ffen
ses
are
clas
s C
fel
onie
s.
The
ft o
f pr
oper
ty n
ot o
ver $500
in v
alue
by
one
who
has
tw
ice
been
co
nvic
ted
of t
heft
is
a cl
ass
D f
elon
y.
Dri
ving
with
sus
pend
ed o
r re
voke
d li
cens
e. F
irst
off
ense
is a
cla
ss B
m
isde
mea
nor;
sec
ond
offe
nse
is a
cla
ss A
mis
dem
eano
r; t
hird
and
su
bseq
uent
off
ense
s ar
e cl
ass
E f
elon
ies.
Poss
essi
on, m
anuf
actu
re o
r di
stri
buti
on o
f dr
ugs.
Fir
st o
ffen
se is
a
clas
s C
fel
ony;
sec
ond
offe
nse
is a
cla
ss B
fel
ony;
thi
rd o
r su
bseq
uent
of
fens
e is
a c
lass
A f
elon
y.
Dri
ving
with
rev
oked
or
susp
ende
d li
cens
e. F
irst
off
ense
is a
cla
ss B
m
isde
mea
nor;
sec
ond
offe
nse
is a
cla
ss A m
isde
mea
nor;
thi
rd o
f su
bseq
uent
off
ense
is a
cla
ss D
fel
ony.
Stat
utes
Req
uirin
g th
e U
se o
f Cri
min
al H
isto
ry R
ecor
d In
form
atio
n T
able
3
Tabl
e 3
(co
nt.)
S
tatu
tes
prov
idin
g fo
r up
grad
ed c
harg
es fo
r of
fend
ers
with
pri
or c
onvi
ctio
ns
(Not
e: S
tate
s w
hich
do
wt
have
sta
tute
s pm
vidi
ng fo
r up
grod
cd c
harg
es fo
r o
ffe
drs
with
pri
or c
onvi
ctio
ns a
re o
nu'n
cdfm
m th
e m
e.)
Sta
te
Cita
tion
S
tatu
tory
pro
visi
on
(Sta
tuto
ry p
mvi
rion
r ar
e S
WM
IM'Z
C~
or p
arap
hras
ed)
Mai
ne
17-A
-362
T
heft
is a
cla
ss D
cri
me,
but
if
the
offe
nder
has
two
prio
r th
eft,
forg
ery,
fr
aud,
or
burg
lary
con
vict
ions
in
Mai
ne w
ithi
n th
e pr
evio
us 1
0 ye
ars,
th
e of
fens
e is
a c
lass
C c
rim
e.
17-A
-703
Fo
rger
y is
a cl
ass
D c
rim
e, b
ut if
the
off
ende
r ha
s tw
o pr
ior
conv
icti
ons
for
thef
t, fr
aud,
bur
glar
y or
rob
bery
, th
e of
fens
e is
a c
lass
C
cri
me.
17-A
-708
N
egot
iatin
g a
wor
thle
ss i
nstr
umen
t is
a cl
ass
D c
rim
e, b
ut if
the
of
fend
er h
as t
wo
prio
r co
nvic
tion
s fo
r th
eft,
wor
thle
ss i
nstr
umen
ts,
burg
lary
or
forg
ery,
the
offe
nse
is a
cla
ss C
cri
me.
17-A
-110
5
A p
erso
n ch
arge
d w
ith t
raff
icki
ng o
r fu
rnis
hing
of
sche
dule
d dr
ugs
is
guil
ty o
f ag
grav
ated
traf
fick
ing
or f
urni
shin
g if
he h
as a
pri
or
wnv
icti
on f
or a
fel
ony
drug
off
ense
; ag
grav
ated
traf
fick
ing
or
furn
ishi
ng is
a c
rim
e on
e cl
ass
mor
e se
riou
s th
an s
impl
e tr
affi
ckin
g or
fu
rnis
hing
.
17-A
-292
2
Sexu
al e
xplo
itat
ion
of a
min
or i
s a
clas
s B
cri
me,
but
if
the
offe
nder
ha
s a
prio
r w
nvic
tion
for
the
sam
e of
fens
e, th
e of
fens
e is
a c
lass
A
crim
e.
17-2
923
D
isse
min
atio
n of
sex
uall
y ex
plic
it m
ater
ials
is
a cl
ass
C c
rim
e, b
ut i
f th
e of
fend
er h
as a
pri
or c
onvi
ctio
n fo
r th
e sa
me
offe
nse,
the
offe
nse
is
a cl
ass
B c
rim
e.
29-1
312-
B
DU
I. F
irst
con
vict
ions
are
pun
isha
ble
by f
ines
and
sus
pens
ion
of
lice
nse;
sec
ond
and
subs
eque
nt o
ffen
ses
wit
hin
six
year
s ar
e pu
nish
able
by
heav
y fi
nes
and
man
dato
ry ja
il se
nten
ces.
Mic
higa
n 25
7.62
5
DU
I. F
irst
and
sec
ond
offe
nses
are
mis
dem
eano
rs w
ith
esca
lati
ng f
ines
an
d ja
il te
rms;
thi
rd o
r su
bseq
uent
off
ense
s w
ithi
n 10
yea
r pe
riod
are
pu
nish
able
as
felo
nies
.
750.
131
B
ad c
heck
off
ense
s es
cala
te f
rom
mis
dem
eano
rs to
fel
onie
s de
pend
ing
on t
he a
mou
nt in
volv
ed a
nd t
he n
umbe
r of
pri
or o
ffen
ses.
750.
451
P
rost
itut
ion.
F
ist
offe
nse
is a
vio
lati
on;
seco
nd o
ffen
se i
s a
mis
dem
eano
r; t
hiid
off
ense
is
a fe
lony
.
750.
535
R
ecei
ving
sto
len
prop
erty
is
a fe
lony
if t
he v
alue
of
the
prop
erty
ex
ceed
s $1
00 a
nd a
mis
dem
eano
r if
the
valu
e is
$10
0 or
les
s, b
ut a
th
ird
or s
ubse
quen
t off
ense
is a
fel
ony
rega
rdle
ss o
f th
e va
lue
of t
he
prop
erty
.
Mis
siss
ippi
97
-23-
93
Sho
plif
ting
of
prop
erty
of
a va
lue
of $
250
or l
ess.
F
irst
and
sec
ond
conv
icti
ons
are
mis
dem
eano
rs w
ith e
scal
atin
g fi
nes
and
jail
ter
ms;
th
ird
or s
ubse
quen
t off
ense
is a
fel
ony.
Mis
sour
i 19
5.27
5, .
285,
.29
1, .
292,
D
rug
offe
nses
. P
rovi
des
for
upgr
aded
sen
tenc
es f
or p
rior
dru
g of
fend
ers
.295
, .2
96
(one
pre
viou
s fe
lony
dru
g of
fens
e) a
nd p
ersi
sten
t dru
g of
fend
ers
(tw
o or
mor
e pr
evio
us f
elon
y dr
ug o
ffen
ses)
.
570.
040
T
heft
. T
hird
off
ense
is a
cla
ss C
fel
ony
wit
hout
rega
rd to
the
val
ue o
f th
e pr
oper
ty.
577.
012;
577
.023
D
UI.
F
irst
off
ense
is a
cla
ss C
mis
dem
eano
r; s
econ
d of
fens
e w
ithi
n fi
ve y
ears
is
a cl
ass
A m
isde
mea
nor;
thir
d or
sub
sequ
ent o
ffen
se w
ithi
i 10
yea
rs i
s a
clas
s D
fel
ony.
-
20
Tab
le 3
St
atut
es R
equi
ring
the
Use
of C
rim
inal
His
tory
Rec
ord
Info
rmat
ion
Tabl
e 3
(co
nt.)
Sta
tute
s pr
ovid
ing
for
upgr
aded
cha
rges
for
offe
nder
s w
ith p
rior
con
vict
ions
(N
ote:
S
ratw
whi
ch &
not
have
sta
tute
spr
ovid
ing f
or
upgr
aded
char
ge8 f
or o
findu
rn
with
pri
or
conv
ictio
ns a
re o
mif
ird
fro
m th
e ta
ble.
)
Sta
te
Cit
atio
n
Sta
tuto
ry p
rovi
sion
(S
tatu
tory
pm
visi
onr
are
swn
mar
iud
orp
arap
hm
sed
)
---".
". -
Nev
ada
201.
195
Sol
icit
atio
n of
min
or.
Fir
st o
ffen
se i
s a
gros
s m
isde
mem
or;
seco
nd o
r su
bseq
uent
off
ense
is
a fe
lony
.
201.
210
Lew
dnes
s.
Firs
t off
ense
is a
gro
ss m
isde
mea
nor;
sec
ond
or s
ubse
quen
t -of
fens
e is
a f
elon
y.
201.
220
Inde
cent
exp
osue
. F
ist
offe
nse
is a
gro
ss m
isde
mea
nor;
sec
ond
or
subs
eque
nt o
ffen
se is
a f
elon
y.
200.
571
Har
assm
ent.
Firs
t off
ense
is a
mis
dem
eano
r; s
econ
d or
sub
sequ
ent
offe
nse
is a
gro
ss m
isde
mea
nor.
202.
350
Wea
pons
off
ense
s.
Firs
t of
fens
e is
a g
ross
mis
dem
eano
r; s
econ
d or
su
bseq
uent
off
ense
is
a fe
lony
.
New
Ham
pshi
re
265:
82-b
D
UI.
Fir
st o
ffen
se is
a v
iola
tion
; sec
ond
or s
ubse
quen
t off
ense
with
in
seve
n ye
ars
is a
mis
dem
eano
r.
637:
11
The
ft o
f pr
oper
ty o
f $5
00 v
alue
or
less
is a
mis
dem
eano
r, b
ut t
hird
or
subs
eque
nt o
ffen
se is
a c
lass
B f
elon
y.
New
Mex
ico
30-1
6-2
Rob
bery
with
dea
dly
wea
pon.
F
irst
off
ense
is a
sec
ond
degr
ee f
elon
y;
seco
nd o
r su
bseq
uent
off
ense
is a
fir
st d
egre
e fe
lony
.
30-9
-2
Pro
stit
utio
n. F
irst
off
ense
is
a pe
tty
mis
dem
eano
r; s
econ
d or
su
bseq
uent
off
ense
is a
mis
dem
eano
r.
30-9
-3
Patr
oniz
ing
a pr
osti
tute
is
a pe
tty
mis
dem
eano
r; s
econ
d or
sub
sequ
ent
offe
nse
is a
mis
dem
eano
r.
Nor
th C
arol
ina
14-1
07
Wor
thle
ss c
heck
off
ense
s.
Fis
t of
fens
e is
a m
isde
mea
nor;
fou
rth
or
subs
eque
nt o
ffen
ses
are
gene
ral m
isde
mea
nors
.
14-3
22
Aba
ndon
men
t or
non-
supp
ort o
f sp
ouse
or
chil
dren
. F
irst
off
ense
is
a vi
olat
ion;
sec
ond
or s
ubse
quen
t off
ense
is
a m
isde
mea
nor.
20-1
79
DU
I. P
rovi
des
for
five
leve
ls o
f pu
nish
men
t dep
endi
ng o
n, a
mon
g ot
her
thin
gs, n
umbe
r of
pri
or D
UI
conv
icti
ons
wit
hin
desi
gnat
ed
peri
ods
of y
ears
.
90-9
5(e)
D
rug
offe
nses
. P
resc
ribe
s pu
nish
men
ts e
scal
atin
g fr
om m
isde
mea
nors
to
fel
ony
offe
nses
dep
endi
ng o
n nu
mbe
r of
pre
viou
s co
nvic
tion
s.
148-
45
Esc
ape
from
a s
tate
pri
son
faci
lity
is
a m
isde
mea
nor,
but
if
the
pers
on
has
prev
ious
ly b
een
conv
icte
d of
esc
ape,
the
off
ense
is
a cl
ass
J fe
lony
.
Nor
th D
akot
a 12
.1-3
2-01
C
lass
ific
atio
n of
cri
min
al o
ffen
ses.
P
rovi
des
for
offe
nses
ran
ging
fr
om I
nfra
ctio
ns to
cla
ss A
A f
elon
ies.
A s
econ
d or
sub
sequ
ent
infr
acti
on o
ffen
se w
ithi
n on
e ye
ar b
ecom
es a
cla
ss B
mis
dem
eano
r.
Ohi
o 29
13.0
2 T
heft
. O
ffen
ses r
ange
fro
m f
ist d
egre
e m
isde
mea
nors
to s
econ
d de
gree
fe
loni
es d
epen
ding
upo
n ty
pe a
nd v
alue
of
stol
en p
rope
rty
and
num
ber
of p
revi
ous
thef
t of
fens
es.
2915
.02
Gam
blin
g.
Fir
st o
ffen
se is
a f
irst
deg
ree
mis
dem
eano
r; s
econ
d or
su
bseq
uent
off
ense
is a
fou
rth
degr
ee f
elon
y.
2919
.25
Dom
estic
Vio
lenc
e.
Cer
tain
off
ense
s es
cala
te f
rom
fou
rth
degr
ee
mis
dem
eano
rs t
o fo
urth
deg
ree
felo
nies
if t
he o
ffen
der h
as a
pri
or
conv
icti
on.
2925
.03
Dru
g tr
affi
ckin
g. O
ffen
ses
are
upgr
aded
in
degr
ee and m
anda
tory
se
nten
ces a
re re
quir
ed if
the
off
ende
r ha
s pr
ior
drug
off
ense
co
nvic
tion
s.
Stat
utes
Req
uiri
ng th
e U
se o
f Cri
min
al H
isto
ry R
ecor
d In
form
atio
n Ta
ble
3 21
Tabl
e 3
(co
nt.)
S
tatu
tes
prov
idin
g fo
r up
grad
ed c
harg
es fo
r of
fend
ers
wlth
pri
or C
Onv
iCtiO
nS
(Not
e: S
tate
s w
hich
do
nor
have
sta
tute
s pm
vidn
g fo
r up
grad
ed c
harg
es fo
r of
fend
ers w
ith p
rior
con
vict
ionr
are
om
itte
dfro
m t
h ta
ble.
)
Sta
te
Ohi
o (c
ont.)
Okl
ahom
a
Ore
gon
Pen
nsyl
vani
a
Pue
rto
Ric
o
Sou
th C
arol
ina
Sou
th D
akot
a
Ten
ness
ee
Tex
as
Uta
h
Cit
atio
n
2929
.12
2923
.12
2950
.99
3719
.99
47-1
1-9
02
63-2
-402
.B
165.
065
Or.
Adm
in. R
ules
253
-02-
00
1 et
seq
.
18-3
929,
392
9.1
24-2
401
44-5
3-39
5
32-2
3-2,
3,
4
39-6
-41 7
(b)(
2)
Pen.
Cod
e 8
25.0
5
Pen.
Cod
e 31
.03
Pen.
Cod
e 4
43.0
2
76-5
-202
(1)(
h)
58-3
7-8
Sta
tuto
ry p
rovi
sion
(S
tatu
tory
prov
isio
nr m
e su
mm
ariz
ed o
r pm
aphr
awd.
)
Sent
enci
ng c
rite
ria
for
felo
ny o
ffen
ses.
Pe
rmits
cou
rt to
con
side
r
offe
nder
's p
rior
cri
min
al h
isto
ry in
im
posi
ng s
ente
nce
for
felo
nies
for
w
hich
an
inde
fini
te te
rm i
s sp
ecif
ied.
Car
ryin
g co
ncea
led
dead
ly w
eapo
ns.
Fis
t off
ense
is a
fir
st d
egre
e
mis
dem
eano
r, bu
t es
cala
tes
to a
thir
d de
gree
fel
ony
if t
he o
ffen
der h
as a
pr
ison
con
vict
ion
for
a w
eapo
ns o
ffen
se o
r a
viol
ent o
ffen
se.
Sex
off
ense
s.
Fis
t off
ense
s ar
e fi
rst d
egre
e m
isde
mea
nors
; sec
ond
or
subs
eque
nt o
ffen
ses
are
four
th d
egre
e fe
loni
es.
Dru
g of
fens
es.
Off
ense
s ar
e up
grad
ed if
off
ende
rs h
ave
prio
r dr
ug
offe
nse
conv
icti
ons.
Rec
kles
s dr
ivin
g an
d D
UI.
Fir
st o
ffen
se is
a m
isde
mea
nor;
sec
ond
co
nvic
tion
with
in 1
0 ye
ars
is a
fel
ony.
Dru
g of
fens
es.
Fis
t of
fens
e is
a f
elon
y; s
econ
d or
sub
sequ
ent o
ffen
se
is a
mor
e se
riou
s fe
lony
pun
isha
ble
by u
p to
20
year
s.
Bad
che
cks.
Fir
st o
ffen
se is
a c
lass
A m
isde
mea
nor;
sec
ond
or
subs
eque
nt o
ffen
se w
ithin
fiv
e ye
ars
is a
cla
ss C
fel
ony.
Sent
enci
ng g
uide
lines
tha
t pr
ovid
e fo
r up
grad
ing
of v
ario
us o
ffen
ses
ba
sed
upon
, am
ong
othe
r th
ings
, pr
ior
conv
icti
ons.
Ret
ail
thef
t and
lib
rary
the
ft.
If p
rope
rty
is v
alue
d at
les
s th
an $
150,
fi
rst o
ffen
se is
a summary o
ffen
se a
nd s
econ
d of
fens
e is
a s
econ
d
degr
ee m
isde
mea
nor.
If
prop
erty
is
valu
ed a
t $1
50 o
r m
ore,
fir
st
offe
nse
is a
Fis
t deg
ree
mis
dem
eano
r and
sec
ond
offe
nse
is a
thir
d
degr
ee f
elon
y.
Dru
g of
fens
es.
Off
ense
s es
cala
te to
fel
onie
s w
ith m
anda
tory
jail
term
s
if of
fend
er h
as p
rior
dru
g co
nvic
tions
.
Dru
g of
fens
es.
Pena
lty f
or v
iola
tion
s re
lati
ng t
o dr
ug p
resc
ript
ions
es
cala
tes
from
a m
isde
mea
nor f
or a
fir
st o
ffen
se to
a f
elon
y fo
r a
se
cond
or
subs
eque
nt o
ffen
se.
DU
I. F
ist
and
seco
nd o
ffen
ses
are
clas
s 1
mis
dem
eano
rs, t
hud
offe
nse
is
a c
lass
6 f
elon
y.
Dru
g of
fens
es.
Fis
t of
fens
e is
a m
isde
mea
nor;
sec
ond
offe
nse
is a
m
isde
mea
nor w
ith a
man
dato
ry ja
il te
rm;
thid
off
ense
is a
fel
ony.
Cri
min
al n
on-s
uppo
rt.
Fir
st o
ffen
se is
a c
lass
A m
isde
mea
nor;
sec
ond
or
sub
sequ
ent o
ffen
se is
a th
ird
degr
ee f
elon
y.
The
ft.
If pr
oper
ty i
s un
der
$20
in v
alue
, fis
t off
ense
is a
cla
ss C
m
isde
mea
nor;
sec
ond
offe
nse
is a
cla
ss B
mis
dem
eano
r. I
f th
e
prop
erty
val
ue i
s $2
00 to
$75
0, th
e fi
st o
ffen
se is
a c
lass
A
mis
dem
eano
r an
d th
e se
cond
off
ense
is a
thi
rd d
egre
e fe
lony
.
Pros
titut
ion.
Fi
rst
offe
nse
is a
cla
ss B
mis
dem
eano
r; s
econ
d or
su
bseq
uent
off
ense
is a
cla
ss A
mis
dem
eano
r.
Mur
der.
Cri
min
al h
omic
ide
is m
urde
r in
the
fir
st d
egre
e if
, in
ter
alia
, th
e of
fend
er h
as a
pre
viou
s co
nvic
tion
for
firs
t or
seco
nd d
egre
e m
urde
r
or a
ny v
iole
nt f
elon
y.
Dru
g of
fens
es.
Prov
ides
for u
pgra
ded
offe
nse
leve
ls f
or v
ario
us d
rug
of
fens
es b
ased
upo
n pr
ior
drug
off
ense
con
vict
ions
.
22
Tab
le 3
St
atut
es R
equi
ring
the
Use
of C
rim
inal
His
tory
Rec
ord
Info
rmat
ion
Tabl
e 3
(con
t.)
Sta
tute
s pr
ovld
ing
for
upgr
aded
cha
rges
for
offe
nder
s w
ith p
rior
con
vict
ions
(N
ote:
Sta
t~w
hich
do
not ha
ve b
tah
tw p
rovi
ding
for
upgr
aded
clu
rgufo
rof
fend
m w
ithpr
ior
con
vicl
io~ar
e om
ined
fmm
tk
tabl
e.)
Sta
te
Cita
tion
Vir
gini
a 18
.2-3
74
18.2
-270
18.2
-250
.1
18.2
-25
1
46.2
-301
46.2
-341
.28
Was
hing
ton
9.94
A.3
10 e
t se
q.
Wes
t V
irgi
nia
17C
-5-2
60-6
-12
61-3
-13;
61
-11-
20
Wis
cons
in
944.
21
Wyo
min
g 6-
4-40
3
Sta
tuto
ry p
rovi
sion
(
Sta
~r
yprov
kwnr
me
.wm
awiu
:d o
rpar
aphra
rcd.
)
Obs
cene
mat
eria
l, F
irst
off
ense
s ar
e cl
ass
4 an
d 5
felo
nies
; sec
ond
or
subs
eque
nt o
ffen
ses
are
clas
s 6
felo
nies
.
DU
I. F
ist o
ffen
se is
a c
lass
1 m
isde
mea
nor;
seco
nd a
nd s
ubse
quen
t of
fens
es a
re s
ubje
ct to
esc
alat
ing
man
dato
ry f
ines
and
jail
ter
ms.
Pos
sess
ion
of m
arij
uana
. F
irst
off
ense
is
a si
mpl
e m
isde
mea
nor;
se
cond
or
subs
eque
nt o
ffen
se is
a c
lass
1 m
isde
mea
nor.
Dru
g of
fens
es.
Fir
st o
ffen
ders
may
be
plac
ed o
n pr
obat
ion.
Dri
ving
with
sus
pend
ed o
r re
voke
d li
cens
e.
Fis
t of
fens
e is
a c
lass
2
mis
dem
eano
r; s
econ
d or
sub
sequ
ent o
ffen
se is
a c
lass
1 m
isde
mea
nor.
DU
I (c
omm
erci
al v
ehic
le).
F
irst
off
ense
is a
cla
ss 1
mis
dem
eano
r;
seco
nd o
r su
bseq
uent
off
ense
s ar
e pu
nish
able
by
esca
lati
ng f
ines
and
m
anda
tory
jail
ter
ms.
Sen
tenc
ing
Gui
deli
nes.
P
rovi
des
for
pres
umpt
ive
sent
enci
ng r
ange
s fo
r cr
imin
al o
ffen
ses
base
d up
on s
erio
usne
ss o
f th
e of
fens
e an
d nu
mbe
r an
d se
riou
snes
s of
pri
or c
onvi
ctio
ns.
DU
I. F
irst
off
ense
s ar
e m
isde
mea
nors
; se
cond
off
ense
s ar
e m
isde
mea
nors
with
esc
alat
ing
man
dato
ry ja
il t
erm
s; t
hird
or
subs
eque
nt o
ffen
ses
are
felo
nies
.
Ille
gal
tran
spor
tati
on o
f li
quor
. F
irst
off
ense
is
a m
isde
mea
nor;
se
cond
or
subs
eque
nt o
ffen
se is
a f
elon
y.
Pet
it la
rcen
y.
Fir
st o
ffen
se is
a m
isde
mea
nor;
sec
ond
offe
nse
is a
fe
lony
.
Obs
ceni
ty.
Fir
st o
ffen
se is
a c
lass
A f
orfe
itur
e; s
econ
d of
fens
e is
a
clas
s A
mis
dem
eano
r; t
hud
or s
ubse
quen
t off
ense
is a
cla
ss D
fel
ony.
Aba
ndon
men
t or
enda
nger
men
t of
chil
dren
. F
irst
off
ense
is a
m
isde
mea
nor;
sec
ond
or s
ubse
quen
t off
ense
is a
fel
ony.
Stat
utes
Req
uiri
ng th
e U
se of
Cri
min
al H
isto
ry R
ecor
d In
form
atio
n T
able
3
23
Tabl
e 4
S
tatu
tes
prov
idin
g fo
r en
hanc
ed s
ente
nces
for
offe
nder
s w
ith p
rior
con
vlct
lons
(N
or:
Sta
rs w
hich
do
not
have
~ta
tutap
rovi
ding
for
enha
nced
se&
aces
fo
r of
fend
ers
wit
h pr
ior
co
nv
icfi
O~am o
mitt
edfr
om the t
obk.)
Sta
te
Cit
atio
n
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
(Fed
eral
) 18
-924
(c)
18-8
41(h
)
28-9
91 e
l se
q.
Ala
bam
a 15
-18-
9
13A
-5-4
9
13A
-12-
231
20-2
-71 (
a)(3
)
32-5
A-1
91
Ala
ska
12.5
5.12
5,
.I45
12.5
5.17
5
Ari
zona
13
-604
13-6
04.0
1
13-7
03
13.6
04.0
2
Ark
ansa
s 5-
4-60
4
Sta
tuto
ry p
rovl
slon
(
S~
Wy p
rovi
rio
~rrr
c d
u d
o
rpa
rHra
se
d)
Fire
arm
s vi
olat
ions
. Pr
ovid
es f
or e
nhan
ced
sent
ence
s fo
r se
cond
and
su
bseq
uent
off
ense
s in
volv
ing
crim
es o
f vi
olen
ce o
r dr
ug t
raff
icki
ng
com
mitt
ed w
ith a
fir
earm
. F
irst
off
ende
r ge
ts f
ive
year
s (3
0 if
the
wea
pon
is a
mac
hine
gun
or
is e
quip
ped
with
a s
ilenc
er);
sec
ond
and
subs
eque
nt o
ffen
ders
get
20
year
s (m
achi
ne g
uns
or s
ilenc
er:
life
w
ithou
t re
leas
e).
Use
of
expl
osiv
es to
com
mit
a fe
lony
. F
irst
off
ense
-on
e to
10
year
s;
seco
nd o
r su
bseq
uent
off
ense
s -f
ive
to 2
5 ye
ars
with
no
susp
ensi
on o
r pr
obat
ion.
Fe
dera
l S
ente
ncin
g G
uide
lines
. Pr
ovid
es f
or s
ente
nce
enha
ncem
ents
fo
r al
l exc
ept m
inor
off
ense
s ba
sed
upon
ser
ious
ness
of
the
offe
nse
and
prio
r cr
imin
al r
ecor
d.
Rep
eat f
elon
y of
fend
ers.
Se
cond
or
subs
eque
nt c
lass
B o
r C
fel
ony
offe
nses
are
incr
ease
d by
one
leve
l of
degr
ee;
seco
nd o
r su
bseq
uent
cl
ass
A f
elon
y of
fens
es a
re p
unis
habl
e by
15
year
s to
lif
e.
Cap
ital
offe
nses
. Pr
ovid
es t
hat
aggr
avat
ing
circ
umst
ance
s su
ppor
ting
deat
h se
nten
ce s
hall
incl
ude
fact
that
off
ende
r ha
s pr
evio
usly
bee
n co
nvic
ted
of a
cap
ital
felo
ny o
r a
viol
ent
felo
ny.
Dru
g tr
affi
ckin
g.
Fir
st o
ffen
se -c
lass
A f
elon
y; s
econ
d or
sub
sequ
ent
offe
nse
is p
unis
habl
e un
der
the
habi
tual
fel
ony
offe
nder
law
(13
A-5
-9).
Dru
g of
fens
es- f
ailu
re to
kee
p re
quir
ed r
ecor
ds.
Fis
t off
ense
-cl
ass
A
mis
dem
eano
r; s
econ
d or
sub
sequ
ent o
ffen
se -
clas
s B
fel
ony.
DU
I. Pr
ovid
es f
or e
nhan
ced
pena
lties
for
sec
ond
or s
ubse
quen
t of
fens
es, i
nclu
ding
a m
anda
tory
60-
day
jail
term
for
a th
ird
offe
nse.
Rep
eat f
elon
y of
fend
ers.
S
ets
out e
nhan
ced
pres
umpt
ive
sent
ence
s fo
r se
cond
and
thi
rd c
onvi
ctio
ns o
f va
riou
s cl
asse
s, if
pri
or o
ffen
ses
occu
rred
with
in 1
0 ye
ars.
Sen
tenc
ing
of f
elon
y of
fend
ers.
Pr
ovid
es t
hat
the
pres
umpt
ive
sent
ence
s fo
r fe
lony
off
ende
rs m
ay b
e in
crea
sed
if t
he o
ffen
ders
hav
e th
ree
or m
ore
prio
r fe
lony
con
vict
ions
.
Sent
enci
ng o
f da
nger
ous
and
repe
titiv
e of
fend
ers.
Pro
vide
s fo
r en
hanc
ed s
ente
nces
(up
to f
ive
times
the
nor
mal
sen
tenc
e) f
or p
erso
ns
char
ged
with
fel
onie
s w
ho h
ave
prio
r co
nvic
tions
for
fel
onie
s.
Dan
gero
us c
rim
es a
gain
st c
hild
ren.
P
rovi
des
for
enha
nced
pr
esum
ptiv
e se
nten
ces
for
pers
ons
with
pri
or o
ffen
ses.
Cap
ital
offe
nses
. A
ggra
vatin
g ci
rcum
stan
ces
supp
ortin
g de
ath
sent
ence
incl
ude
prio
r co
nvic
tions
for
cap
ital
off
ense
s or
vio
lent
of
fens
es.
Off
ense
s co
mm
itted
whi
le o
n re
leas
e.
Prov
ides
for
enh
ance
d se
nten
ces
(up
to l
ife
with
out p
arol
e so
oner
tha
n 25
yea
rs)
for
felo
ny o
ffen
ses
com
mitt
ed w
hile
on
paro
le, p
roba
tion
or o
ther
rel
ease
fol
low
ing
a pr
ior
felo
ny c
onvi
ctio
n.
Cap
ital
offe
nses
. A
ggra
vatin
g ci
rcum
stan
ces
supp
ortin
g de
ath
sent
ence
incl
ude
prio
r co
nvic
tions
for
vio
lent
fel
onie
s an
d co
mm
issi
on o
f of
fens
e w
hile
esc
aped
aft
er s
ente
ncin
g fo
r fe
lony
co
nvic
tion
.
24
Tab
le 4
St
atut
es R
equi
ting
the
Use
of C
rim
inal
His
tory
Rec
ord
Info
rmat
ion
Tabl
e 4
(con
t.)
Sta
tute
s pr
ovid
ing
for
enha
nced
sen
tenc
es fo
r of
fend
ers
with
pri
or c
onvi
ctio
ns
(No
u:
Stat
es
Sta
te
Ark
ansa
s (c
ont.)
Cal
ifor
nia
Col
orad
o
Con
nect
icut
Del
awar
e
whi
ch d
o no
t ha
ve s
tuht
tes
prov
idin
g fo
r
Cit
atio
n
16-90-201
20-64-304
Pen.
Cod
e 8 190.05
Pen.
Cod
e 5 190.2
Pen.
Cod
e $ 666.5
Pen.
Cod
e 8 666.7
Pen.
Cod
e 8 667.5
Pen.
Cod
e 5 667.51
Pen.
Cod
e 8 667.6
Pen.
Cod
e 5 667.7
Pen.
Cod
e 8 667.75
Pen
Cod
e 8 667.9, .10
18-18-105
53a-46a
21a-277
1 1-4209.
16-4763
16-4764
enha
nced
sen
tenc
es fo
r of
fend
ers
with
prw
r co
nvic
abnr
are
om
itted
from
the
tabl
e.)
Sta
tuto
ry p
rovi
sion
(S
tatu
tory
prov
ixio
nr a
re s
umm
ariz
ed o
r pm
aphr
ascd
)
Rep
eat f
elon
y of
fend
ers.
Pro
vide
s fo
r en
hanc
ed s
ente
nces
up
to o
ne
and
one-
half
tim
es t
he n
orm
al s
ente
nce,
dep
endi
ng o
n th
e nu
mbe
r of
pr
ior
conv
icti
ons
and
the
seri
ousn
ess
of t
he n
ew o
ffen
se.
Dru
g of
fens
es.
Prov
ides
for
enh
ance
d pe
nalt
ies
for
seco
nd o
ffen
ses
(up
to $2,000
fine
and
thre
e to
fiv
e ye
ars)
and
thir
d of
fens
es (
up to
$5,000
fine
and
fiv
e to
10
year
s).
Mur
der.
Prov
ides
tha
t a p
erso
n co
nvic
ted
of s
econ
d de
gree
mur
der w
ho
has
a pr
ior
conv
icti
on fo
r fi
rst
or s
econ
d de
gree
mur
der
shal
l be
sent
ence
d to
lif
e w
itho
ut p
arol
e or
15
year
s to
life
, dep
endi
ng o
n ag
grav
atin
g o
r m
itig
atin
g ci
rcum
stan
ces.
Fis
t de
gree
mur
der.
Pr
ovid
es t
hat
aggr
avat
ing
circ
umst
ance
s su
ppor
ting
dea
th p
enal
ty s
hall
inc
lude
pri
or c
onvi
ctio
ns f
or F
ist
or
seco
nd d
egre
e m
urde
r.
Felo
ny v
ehic
le th
eft.
Sec
ond
offe
nse
-thr
ee t
o fi
ve y
ears
.
Rec
eivi
ng s
tole
n ve
hicl
es o
r pa
rts.
P
rovi
des
for
enha
nced
pen
alty
(up
to
$10,000
fine
or
four
yea
rs, o
r bo
th)
for
thir
d or
sub
sequ
ent o
ffen
se.
Vio
lent
off
ense
s.
Pro
vide
s fo
r se
nten
ce e
nhan
cem
ents
of
thre
e ye
ars
for
ever
y pr
evio
us p
riso
n te
rm s
erve
d fo
r a
viol
ent
offe
nse
wit
hin 10
year
s.
Lew
d ac
ts w
ith
child
. P
rovi
des
for
enha
nced
pri
son
term
s fo
r pr
evio
us
offe
nses
.
Sex
crim
es.
Prov
ides
for
an
enha
ncem
ent o
f fi
ve y
ears
for
eac
h pr
ior
conv
icti
on w
ithi
n 10
year
s an
d a 10
year
enh
ance
men
t for
eac
h pr
ior
pris
on t
erm
ser
ved
wit
hin 10
year
s.
Vio
lent
off
ense
s. T
wo
prio
r pr
ison
ter
ms
for
such
off
ense
s w
ithi
n 10
year
s -l
ife
with
no
paro
le p
rior
to 20
year
s. Three
or m
ore
prio
r pr
ison
ter
ms
wit
hin 10
year
s -l
ife
wit
hout
par
ole.
Dru
g vi
olat
ions
. P
rovi
des
for
enha
nced
term
of
life
with
out
paro
le
soon
er th
an 17
year
s if
off
ende
r has
ser
ved
two
or m
ore
pris
on te
rms
for
drug
off
ense
s w
ithin
10
year
s.
Vio
lent
off
ense
s ag
ains
t age
d, d
isab
led
or u
nder
age
pers
ons.
P
rovi
des
for
a tw
o-ye
ar e
nhan
cem
ent f
or e
ach
prio
r co
nvic
tion
for
suc
h of
fens
es.
Dru
g tr
affi
ckin
g.
Pro
vide
s fo
r a
man
dato
ry 20
year
pri
son
term
for
se
cond
off
ense
of
drug
traf
fick
ing
in o
r ne
ar a
sch
ool.
Cap
ital
off
ense
s.
Pro
vide
s th
at a
ggra
vati
ng f
acto
rs s
uppo
rtin
g de
ath
pena
lty
shal
l in
clud
e tw
o or
mor
e pr
ior
felo
ny c
onvi
ctio
ns.
Dru
g of
fens
es.
Pro
vide
s fo
r en
hanc
emen
ts fo
r se
cond
or
subs
eque
nt
offe
nses
up
to 30
year
s an
d a $250,000
fie
.
Cap
ital
off
ense
s.
Pro
vide
s th
at a
ggra
vati
ng f
acto
rs s
uppo
rtin
g de
ath
pena
lty s
hall
inc
lude
a p
rior
con
vict
ion
for
mur
der,
man
slau
ghte
r or
a vi
olen
t fe
lony
.
Dru
g of
fens
es.
Pro
vide
s fo
r en
hanc
ed p
enal
ties
for
sec
ond
or
subs
eque
nt o
ffen
ses
base
d up
on t
he n
ew o
ffen
se c
omm
itte
d.
Dru
g of
fens
es.
Pro
vide
s fo
r co
ndit
iona
l dis
char
ge f
or f
irst
off
ense
of
poss
essi
on.
Stat
utes
Req
uiri
ng th
e U
se o
f Criminal
His
tory
Rec
ord
Info
rmat
ion
Tab
le 4
25
Tabl
e 4
(con
t.)
Sta
tute
s pr
ovid
ing
for
enha
nced
sen
tenc
es fo
r of
fend
ers
wlth
prl
or c
onvl
ctlo
ns
(Not
e: S
tate
s w
hich
do
not h
ave
staa
ctw
pmvi
Png
for
enha
nced
sent
ence
s for
off
ende
rs m
'thpr
ior
conv
ictio
ns a
re o
mim
dfro
rn th
a ta
b&.)
Sta
te
Del
awar
e (c
ont.)
Dis
tric
t of
Col
umbi
a
Flo
rida
Geo
rgia
Haw
aii
Cita
tion
21-4
177
22- 1
04
22-3
204
921.
001
et s
eq.
921.
141
16-5
-45
16-8
-14
16-8
-41
16-7
-1
16-6
-4
16-6
-5
16-8
-12
16-1
3-30
, 32
, 32
.1,
32.4
17-1
0-30
17-1
0-7
706.
606.
5
706.
661,
662
706.
660.
1
Sta
tuto
ry p
rovi
sion
(S
tatu
toly
pro
viri
ons
are
swnm
cmriz
rd o
r pm
aphm
sed.
)
DU
I. P
rovi
des
for
enha
nced
pen
alti
es f
or p
rior
off
ense
s w
ithin
fiv
e ye
ars.
Rep
eat f
elon
y of
fend
ers.
Pro
vide
s fo
r en
hanc
ed s
ente
nces
up
to o
ne
and
one-
half
tim
es t
he n
orm
al s
ente
nce
for
a pr
ior
felo
ny c
onvi
ctio
n an
d up
to
thre
e ti
mes
the
norm
al s
ente
nce
for
two
or m
ore
prio
r fe
lony
co
nvic
tion
s.
Wea
pons
vio
lati
ons.
P
rovi
des
for
enha
nced
pen
alty
of
up t
o 10
yea
rs
if pe
rson
has
pre
viou
s w
eapo
ns o
ffen
se o
r pr
evio
us f
elon
y of
fens
e.
Sen
tenc
ing
Gui
deli
nes.
P
rovi
des
for
deve
lopm
ent o
f gu
idel
ines
that
pr
ovid
e su
bsta
ntia
lly
enha
nced
pen
alti
es f
or r
epea
t of
fend
ers.
Cap
ital
off
ense
s.
Pro
vide
s th
at a
ggra
vati
ng f
acto
rs s
uppo
rtin
g de
ath
pena
lty
shal
l in
clud
e pr
ior
conv
icti
on f
or a
cap
ital
fel
ony
or a
vio
lent
fe
lony
.
Inte
rfer
ence
wit
h cu
stod
y.
Fir
st a
nd s
econ
d of
fens
es a
re m
isde
mea
nors
pu
nish
able
by
esca
lati
ng F
ies
and
jail
term
s; t
hird
or
subs
eque
nt
offe
nse
is a
fel
ony
puni
shab
le b
y on
e to
fiv
e ye
ars.
S
hopl
ifti
ng.
Fir
st, s
econ
d an
d th
ird
offe
nses
are
mis
dem
eano
rs
puni
shab
le b
y es
cala
ting
fin
es a
nd ja
il t
erm
s; f
ourt
h or
sub
sequ
ent
offe
nse
is a
fel
ony
puni
shab
le b
y on
e to
10
year
s.
Arm
ed r
obbe
ry.
Seco
nd o
r su
bseq
uent
off
ense
is p
unis
habl
e by
a
man
dato
ry p
riso
n te
rm o
f at
leas
t 10
yea
rs.
Bur
glar
y. F
irst
off
ense
-on
e to
20
year
s; s
econ
d of
fens
e -t
wo
to 2
0 ye
ars;
thi
rd o
r su
bseq
uent
off
ense
-fi
ve t
o 20
yea
rs.
Chi
ld m
oles
tati
on.
Fir
st o
ffen
se -
one
to 2
0 ye
ars
with
pos
sibi
lity
of
prob
atio
n; s
econ
d or
thi
rd o
ffen
se -
man
dato
ry m
inim
um o
f fi
ve y
ears
; fo
urth
or
subs
eque
nt o
ffen
se -
man
dato
ry s
ente
nce
of 2
0 ye
ars.
Ent
icin
g a
chil
d.
Fir
st o
ffen
se -
one
to 2
0 ye
ars
with
pos
sibi
lity
of
prob
atio
n; s
econ
d or
thi
rd c
onvi
ctio
ns -
man
dato
ry, m
inim
um o
f fi
ve
year
s; f
ourt
h or
sub
sequ
ent o
ffen
se:
man
dato
ry s
ente
nce
of 2
0 ye
ars.
The
ft.
Fir
st o
ffen
se -F
ie a
nd o
ne y
ear
min
imum
; sec
ond
offe
nse-
th
ree
year
minimum;
thir
d of
fens
e -m
inim
um o
f 10
yea
rs;
four
th o
r su
bseq
uent
-pu
nish
able
as
habi
tual
off
ende
r.
Dru
g of
fens
es.
Prov
ides
for
enh
ance
d pe
nalt
ies
for
seco
nd o
r su
bseq
uent
off
ense
s.
Cap
ital
off
ense
s.
Pro
vide
s th
at a
ggra
vati
ng f
acto
rs ju
stif
ying
dea
th
pena
lty
shal
l in
clud
e pr
ior
conv
icti
ons
for
capi
tal
felo
nies
.
Rep
eat
felo
ny o
ffen
ders
. P
rovi
des
for
sent
enci
ng o
f re
peat
fel
ony
offe
nder
s to
the
max
imum
pre
scri
bed
sent
ence
wit
h po
ssib
ilit
y of
pr
obat
ion;
but
fou
rth
and
subs
eque
nt o
ffen
ders
mus
t se
rve
max
imum
pr
escr
ibed
sen
tenc
es w
itho
ut p
roba
tion
or
paro
le.
Rep
eat f
elon
y of
fend
ers.
Pro
vide
s fo
r m
anda
tory
min
imum
sen
tenc
es
base
d up
on t
he s
erio
usne
ss o
f th
e of
fens
e an
d th
e nu
mbe
r of
pri
or
felo
ny c
onvi
ctio
ns w
ithi
n sp
ecif
ied
peri
ods.
Per
sist
ent o
ffen
ders
. P
rovi
des
for
man
dato
ry s
ente
nces
of
10 y
ears
to
life
(ba
sed
on t
he s
erio
usne
ss o
f th
e of
fens
e) f
or p
erso
ns w
ith t
wo
or
mor
e pr
ior
felo
ny c
onvi
ctio
ns.
Felo
ny w
ith a
Fie
arm
. S
econ
d an
d su
bseq
uent
off
ense
s req
uire
m
anda
tory
10
year
sen
tenc
es.
26
Tab
le4
Stat
utes
Req
uiri
ng t
he U
se of
Cri
min
al H
isto
ry R
ecor
d In
form
tion
Tabl
e 4
(con
t.)
Sta
tute
s pr
ovid
lng
for
enha
nced
sen
tenc
es fo
r of
fend
ers
wlth
pri
or c
onvi
ctio
ns
(Nou
: St
atas
whi
ch d
o no
t hav
e st
olut
as pr
ovid
ing
for
snhn
nced
sen
tenc
es fo
r of
fen
ders
wit
h p
rior
con
vict
ions
ere
om
itte
dfro
m the
tabl
e.)
Sta
te
Cit
atlo
n
Haw
aii
(con
t.)
706.
669(
8)
Idah
o 19
-251
4
19-2
515
19-2
520
C
37-2
739
A
Illi
nois
38
-100
5-5-
3(c)
(2)
38-1
005-
5-3(
c)(8
)
Indi
ana
35-3
8-1-
7.1
35-3
4-1-
2.5
16-1
3-6.
1-16
Iow
a 20
4.41
1
Kan
sas
2 1-
4504
21-4
606
74-9
101
Ken
tuck
y 53
2.08
0
532.
025
218A
.990
189A
.010
Sta
tuto
ry p
rovl
sion
(S
toac
tory
pro
visi
ons
me
xwnm
ariz
ed o
rp(p
ap
hw
6d
)
Par
ole
for
pers
ons
sent
ence
d to
ind
eter
min
ate
term
s.
Pro
vide
s fo
r es
tabl
ishm
ent o
f gu
idel
ines
bas
ed u
pon
seri
ousn
ess
of o
ffen
se a
nd
prio
r cr
imin
al r
ecor
d.
Per
sist
ent v
iola
tors
. P
rovi
des
for
man
dato
ry te
rm o
f fi
ve y
ears
to l
ie
for
thir
d or
sub
sequ
ent f
elon
y of
fens
e.
Cap
ital
off
ense
s.
Pro
vide
s th
at a
ggra
vati
ng f
acto
rs ju
stif
ying
dea
th
pena
lty f
or m
urde
r sh
all i
nclu
de a
pri
or m
urde
r w
nvic
tion
.
Rep
eat s
ex o
ffen
ders
. P
rovi
des
for
addi
ng 1
5 ye
ars
to t
he m
axim
um
term
if t
he o
ffen
der
has
a pr
ior
sex
offe
nse
wit
hin
15 y
ears
; and
for
ad
ding
20
year
s to
the
max
imum
term
if t
he o
ffen
der h
as s
erve
d tw
o or
m
ore
prio
r pr
ison
ter
ms
for
sex
offe
nses
wit
hin
15 y
ears
.
Dru
g of
fens
es.
Prov
ides
for
a m
anda
tory
min
imum
ter
m o
f th
ree
year
s fo
r dr
ug o
ffen
ders
with
a p
revi
ous
felo
ny d
rug
wnv
icti
on.
Rep
eat f
elon
y of
fend
ers.
Pro
vide
s fo
r m
anda
tory
term
of
impr
ison
men
t for
cla
ss 2
or
grea
ter
felo
nies
if t
he o
ffen
der
has
a pr
ior
conv
icti
on f
or s
uch
a fe
lony
wit
hin
10 y
ears
.
Rep
eat f
elon
y of
fend
ers.
Pro
vide
s fo
r en
hanc
ed p
unis
hmen
t for
a
pers
on c
onvi
cted
of
a cl
ass
1 or
2 f
elon
y if
the
pers
on h
as t
wo
or m
ore
conv
icti
ons
for
clas
s 2
or g
reat
er f
elon
ies.
Cri
teri
a fo
r se
nten
cing
. P
rovi
des
that
cou
rt s
hall
con
side
r, a
mon
g ot
her
thin
gs,
the
offe
nder
's p
rior
cri
min
al r
ecor
d.
Set
s ou
t pr
oced
ure
for
alle
ging
pri
or c
onvi
ctio
ns f
or e
nhan
cem
ent
purp
oses
.
Off
ense
s by
dru
g ab
user
s or
alc
ohol
ics.
P
rovi
des
that
non
crim
inal
tr
eatm
ent
is n
ot a
vail
able
for
drug
abu
sers
or
alco
holi
cs c
harg
ed w
ith
felo
nies
if s
uch
pers
ons
have
two
or m
ore
prio
r co
nvic
tion
s fo
r se
riou
s or
for
cibl
e fe
loni
es.
Dru
g of
fens
es.
Pro
vide
s th
at p
erso
ns c
onvi
cted
of
seco
nd o
r su
bseq
uent
off
ense
s m
ay b
e se
nten
ced
to u
p to
thr
ee t
imes
the
pres
crib
ed p
unis
hmen
t.
Rep
eat f
elon
y of
fend
ers.
Sec
ond
felo
ny -u
p to
tw
ice
the
pres
crib
ed
sent
ence
; thi
rd o
r su
bseq
uent
felo
ny -
up to
thr
ee t
imes
the
pres
crib
ed
Sen
tenc
e.
Cri
teri
a fo
r fi
min
imum
pri
son
term
s.
Fac
tors
sha
ll i
nclu
de
defe
ndan
t's p
rior
cri
min
al re
cord
.
Est
abli
shes
sen
tenc
ing
guid
elin
es c
omm
issi
on.
Pers
iste
nt f
elon
y of
fend
ers.
Pro
vide
s fo
r en
hanc
ed te
rms
of u
p to
lif
e fo
r fe
lony
off
ende
rs w
ho h
ave
prio
r fe
lony
con
vict
ions
.
Cap
ital
off
ense
s.
Pro
vide
s th
at a
ggra
vati
ng f
acto
rs ju
stif
ying
dea
th
pena
lty s
hall
inc
lude
pri
or c
onvi
ctio
ns f
or a
cap
ital
off
ense
or
a se
riou
s as
saul
tive
off
ense
.
Dru
g of
fens
es.
Pro
vide
s es
cala
ting
pen
alti
es f
or s
econ
d an
d su
bseq
uent
off
ense
s.
DUI. P
rovi
des
for
esca
lati
ng p
enal
ties
(up
to
$1,0
00 fi
ne a
nd a
yea
r in
ja
il)
for
seco
nd a
nd s
ubse
quen
t off
ense
s.
-
Stat
utes
Req
uiri
ng th
e U
se o
f Cri
min
al H
isto
ry R
ecor
d In
form
atio
n T
able
4
Tabl
e 4
(con
t.)
Sta
tute
s pr
ovid
ing
for
enha
nced
sen
tenc
es fo
r of
fend
ers
with
prl
or c
onvl
ctlo
ns
(Nor
e: S
tare
s w
hich
do
nor h
ave
stat
utes
prov
idin
g fo
r en
hanc
ed se
nten
ces f
or o
ffen
ders
with
prw
r co
nvic
tionr
are
om
itted
from
the
tabl
e.)
Sta
te
Cit
atlo
n
Sta
tuto
ry p
rovi
sion
(S
tatu
tory
prov
iswio
rrr
are
sum
mar
ized
or p
arap
hrcr
~cd.
)
Lou
isia
na
Cod
e C
rirn
. Pr
oc.,
art.
905.
4 C
apit
al o
ffen
ses.
P
rovi
des
that
agg
rava
ting
fac
tors
just
ifyi
ng d
eath
pe
nalty
sha
ll i
nclu
de p
rior
con
vict
ions
for
enu
mer
ated
ser
ious
of
fens
es.
40.9
66D
D
rug
offe
nses
. S
ets
out e
scal
atin
g pe
nalt
ies
up t
o 20
yea
rs f
or s
econ
d an
d su
bseq
uent
con
vict
ions
for
pos
sess
ion
of m
arij
uana
.
14:6
7 T
heft
. Pr
ovid
es f
or e
nhan
ced
sent
ence
for
sec
ond
or s
ubse
quen
t of
fens
e of
the
ft o
f pr
oper
ty v
alue
d at
les
s th
an $
100.
14:6
9 R
ecei
ving
sto
len
good
s.
Pro
vide
s fo
r en
hanc
ed p
enal
ty (
up t
o $1
,000
fi
ne a
nd tw
o ye
ars)
for
per
sons
con
vict
ed fo
r th
e th
ird
or s
ubse
quen
t tim
e if
the
valu
e is
les
s th
an $
100.
14:8
2 P
rost
itut
ion.
F
irst
off
ense
-up
to
$500
fin
e or
six
mon
ths,
or both;
seco
nd o
ffen
se -
up to
$2.
000
frne
or
two
year
s, o
r both,
thir
d or
su
bseq
uent
off
ense
-up
to
$4,0
00 fi
ne a
nd f
our
year
s in
pri
son.
14:7
1 W
orth
less
che
cks.
P
rovi
des
for
enha
nced
pen
alty
for
thi
rd o
r su
bseq
uent
off
ense
of
issu
ing
wor
thle
ss c
heck
s fo
r le
ss t
han
$100
.
14:6
2.1
Bur
glar
y of
a p
harm
acy.
F
irst
off
ense
-one
to n
ine
year
s w
ithou
t pa
role
; se
cond
or
subs
eque
nt o
ffen
se -
two
to 1
0 ye
ars
with
out p
arol
e.
14:9
8 D
UI.
Pro
vide
s fo
r es
cala
ting
pen
alti
es f
or r
epea
ted
offe
nses
, up
to 2
0
P
year
s in
pri
son
for
a fo
urth
or
subs
eque
nt o
ffen
se w
ithi
n fi
ve y
ears
.
14:6
3.8
Cri
min
al tr
espa
ss.
Fir
st o
ffen
se -u
p to
$50
0 fi
ne o
r 91
day
s in
jail
, or
both,
seco
nd o
r su
bseq
uent
off
ense
-up
to
$500
fine
or
six
mon
ths
in
jail
, or
bot
h.
14:1
06.1
O
bsce
ne d
evic
es.
Fir
st o
ffen
se -
$1,0
00 to
$2,
500
frne
or
up t
o si
x m
onth
s in
jail,
or both;
seco
nd o
ffen
se -
up t
o th
ree
year
s w
ithou
t pa
role
and
up
to $
5,00
0 fi
ne.
14:9
4, 9
5 Il
lega
l use
of
dang
erou
s w
eapo
ns.
Fir
st o
ffen
se -
up to
$1,
000
fine
or
two
year
s in
pri
son,
or both;
seco
nd o
r su
bseq
uent
off
ense
wit
hin
five
ye
ars
-up
to f
ive
year
s in
pri
son.
Mai
ne
17-A
-125
2.5-
A
Dru
g tr
affi
ckin
g.
Pro
vide
s fo
r le
nien
t tr
eatm
ent f
or c
erta
in f
irst
of
fend
ers.
Mar
ylan
d 27
-293
D
rug
offe
nses
. P
rovi
des
that
sec
ond
or s
ubse
quen
t off
ense
s sh
all b
e pu
nish
ed b
y tw
ice
the
norm
al f
ines
and
pri
son
term
s.
27-2
86
Dru
g tr
affi
ckin
g.
Pro
vide
s fo
r en
hanc
ed p
enal
ties
(up
to 4
0 ye
ars
in
pris
on)
for
pers
ons
wit
h pr
ior
conv
icti
ons
and
pris
on t
erm
s.
27-4
19A
C
hild
por
nogr
aphy
. F
irst
off
ense
-up
to
$25,
000
fie
or 1
0 ye
ars,
or
both;
seco
nd o
r su
bseq
uent
off
ense
-up
to
$50,
000
or 2
0 ye
ars,
or
both
.
Mas
sach
uset
ts
265-
17
Arm
ed r
obbe
ry w
hile
mas
ked.
Pro
vide
s fo
r m
anda
tory
sen
tenc
es o
f fi
ve
year
s fo
r a
Fis
t of
fens
e an
d 10
yea
rs f
or a
sub
sequ
ent o
ffen
se.
265-
13B
In
dece
nt a
ssau
lt an
d ba
tter
y on
a c
hild
. P
rovi
des
for
an e
nhan
ced
term
of
up
to l
ife
for
a se
cond
or
subs
eque
nt o
ffen
se.
265-
22B
R
ape
of c
hild
by
forc
e. P
rovi
des
for
a m
anda
tory
term
of
five
yea
rs to
li
fe f
or a
sec
ond
or s
ubse
quen
t off
ense
.
265-
23
Rap
e of
chi
ld w
itho
ut fo
rce.
Pro
vide
s fo
r a
man
dato
ry te
rm o
f fi
ve
year
s to
lif
e fo
r a
seco
nd o
r su
bseq
uent
off
ense
.
269-
10(d
) W
eapo
ns o
ffen
ses.
Pro
vide
s fo
r en
hanc
ed s
ente
nces
of
up to
15
year
s w
ithou
t pr
obat
ion
or p
arol
e fo
r se
cond
or
subs
eque
nt o
ffen
ses.
28
Tab
le4
Stat
utes
Req
uiri
ng t
he U
se o
f Cri
min
al H
isto
ry R
ecor
d In
form
atio
n
Tabl
e 4
(con
t.)
Sta
tute
s pr
ovid
ing
for
enha
nced
sen
tenc
es fo
r of
fend
ers
with
pri
or c
onvi
ctio
ns
(Not
e: S
tate
s w
hich
do
not h
ave
stat
utes
pro
vidi
ng fo
r en
hanc
ed s
ente
nce8
for
offe
na2r
s with
pri
or c
onvic
tioio
nr a
re o
mitt
edfr
om th
e table.)
Sta
te
Clta
tlon
Mas
sach
uset
ts (
cont
.)
266-
27
266-
30
266-
40
272-
61,
62
279-
69
266-
60
266-
62
90-2
4
94C
-32
Mic
higa
n 33
3.74
13
244.
09
169.
121
152.
021
et s
eq.
609.
583
609.
346
609.
184,
185
Mis
siss
ippi
63
-11-
30
63-9
-11
41-2
9-13
9, e
t se
q.
Sta
tuto
ry p
rovi
sion
(S
tatu
tory
prov
isw
n? a
re su
mm
ariz
ed o
rpm
aphr
ased
.)
The
ft o
f co
nstr
ucti
on to
ols.
F
irst
off
ense
-up
to $
100
Fie
or
up t
o si
x m
onth
s in
jail,
or
both
; se
cond
or
subs
eque
nt o
ffen
se -
$100
fine
or
six
mon
ths
in ja
il,
or b
oth.
Lar
ceny
fro
m c
omm
on c
arri
er.
Fis
t off
ense
-six
mon
ths
to tw
o an
d on
e-ha
lf y
ears
or
fie
or b
oth,
sec
ond
or s
ubse
quen
t off
ense
-18
m
onth
s to
tw
o an
d on
e-ha
lf y
ears
or
fine
, or
both
.
Com
mon
and
not
orio
us th
ief.
P
rovi
des
for
enha
nced
pun
ishm
ent (
up
to 2
0 ye
ars)
for
rep
eat
larc
eny
offe
nder
s.
Pros
titut
ion.
P
rovi
des
for
up t
o a year i
n ja
il fo
r a
seco
nd o
ffen
se a
nd
for
up to
two
and
one
half
yea
r fo
r a
thir
d or
subs
eque
nt o
ffen
se.
Cap
ital
off
ense
s.
Pro
vide
s th
at a
ggra
vati
ng c
ircu
mst
ance
s ju
stif
ying
de
ath
pena
lty s
hall
inc
lude
pri
or c
onvi
ctio
ns f
or m
urde
r.
Rec
eivi
ng s
tole
n go
ods.
P
rovi
des
for
enha
nced
pen
alty
for
sec
ond
or
subs
eque
nt o
ffen
se (
up to
fiv
e ye
ars
in ja
il).
Rec
eivi
ng s
tole
n go
ods,
rep
eat
offe
nder
. P
rovi
des
for
sent
enci
ng o
f pe
rsis
tent
off
ende
rs a
s a
com
mon
fenc
e (u
p to
10
year
s in
pri
son)
.
DUI. P
rovi
des
for
leni
ent s
ente
ncin
g of
cer
tain
firs
t of
fend
ers
and
for
enha
nced
sen
tenc
es fo
r re
peat
off
ende
rs.
Dru
g of
fens
es.
Prov
ides
for
enh
ance
d pe
nalt
ies
for
repe
at o
ffen
ders
.
Dru
g of
fens
es.
Prov
ides
enh
ance
d pe
nalt
ies
(up
to l
ife
with
out p
arol
e)
for
seco
nd o
r su
bseq
uent
off
ense
s.
Est
abli
shes
sen
tenc
ing
guid
elin
es c
omm
issi
on t
o pr
omul
gate
gu
idel
ines
tha
t, am
ong
othe
r th
ings
, co
nsid
er p
rior
cri
min
al h
isto
ries
in
the
sen
tenc
ing
appr
oach
.
DUI. P
rovi
des
for
esca
lati
ng p
enal
ties
for
sub
sequ
ent o
ffen
ses
wit
hin
five
yea
rs ra
ngin
g fr
om 3
0 da
ys f
or a
fis
t of
fens
e up
to tw
o ye
ars
for
a fo
urth
or
subs
eque
nt o
ffen
se.
Dru
g of
fens
es.
Pro
vide
s fo
r sh
arpl
y en
hanc
ed p
enal
ties
for
sec
ond
or
subs
eque
nt o
ffen
ses,
up
to a
man
dato
ry f
our-
year
jail
term
and
up
to a
$1
,000
,000
fin
e.
Bur
glar
y.
Pro
vide
s fo
r a
stay
of
exec
utio
n an
d pr
obat
ion
for
firs
t of
fens
e of
bur
glar
y, u
nles
s th
e of
fend
er's
cri
min
al h
isto
ry s
core
(fo
r pr
ior
crim
es) r
equi
res
a pr
esum
ptiv
e ex
ecut
ed s
ente
nce.
Sex
offe
nses
. P
rovi
des
for
enha
nced
pen
alty
for
sec
ond
offe
nse
and
for
a m
anda
tory
37-
year
term
for
a t
hird
of
subs
eque
nt o
ffen
se.
Pro
vide
s fo
r m
anda
tory
life
with
out p
arol
e fo
r fi
rst d
egre
e m
urde
r if
the
offe
nder
has
a p
revi
ous
conv
icti
on f
or a
hei
nous
cri
me.
DU
I. P
rovi
des
for
pena
ltie
s es
cala
ting
from
24
hour
s in
jail
and
a f
ie
for
a fi
st o
ffen
se u
p to
30
days
to
a ye
ar p
lus
a f
ie fo
r a
thir
d of
fens
e w
ithin
fiv
e ye
ars.
A
fou
rth
or s
ubse
quen
t off
ense
wit
hin
five
yea
rs i
s a
felo
ny a
nd i
s pu
nish
able
by
a f
ie an
d 90
day
s to
fiv
e ye
ars.
Mot
or v
ehic
le v
iola
tion
s.
Pro
vide
s fo
r es
cala
ting
pen
alti
es f
or r
epea
t of
fens
es, r
angi
ng f
rom
10
days
plu
s a
fine
for
a f
it
offe
nse
up to
six
m
onth
s pl
us a
fin
e fo
r a
thir
d or
sub
sequ
ent o
lfsn
se w
ithi
n on
e ye
ar.
,
Dru
g of
fens
es.
Pro
vide
s fo
r le
nien
t tre
atm
ent o
f ce
rtai
n fi
rst
offe
nder
s an
d en
hanc
ed p
enal
ties
for
cer
tain
rep
eat
offe
nder
s.
Stat
utes
Req
uiri
ng th
e U
se o
f Cri
min
al H
isto
ry R
ecor
d In
form
atio
n T
able
4 29
--
-
-
Tabl
e 4
(con
t.)
Sta
tute
s pr
ovid
ing
for
enha
nced
sen
tenc
es f
or o
ffen
ders
with
pri
or c
onvi
ctio
ns
(No&:
Sta
w w
kich
&m
t ha
ve st
afut
espr
mir
lin8 f
or e
nham
ud se
ntcn
ccs f
or o
flen
ders
with
pri
or c
onvi
ctio
m ar
c om
imdf
rom
the t
able
.)
Sta
te
Cit
atio
n
Mis
siss
ippi
(c
ont.)
97
-3 1
-27
97-3
3-7
97-3
7-1
Mis
sour
i
571.
015
Mon
tana
45
-5 -2
06
45-5
-622
, 62
3
45-5
-624
45-8
-340
45-9
-101
et
seq.
46-1
8-10
1
46-1
8-22
1
46-1
8-30
3
Neb
rask
a 29
-252
3
Nev
ada
20
2.82
0
200.
730
Sta
tuto
ry p
rovi
sion
(S
tatu
tory
pm
visi
ons
are
mm
mm
iud
or p
arap
hrw
ed.)
Ille
gal
sale
of
liquo
r.
Pro
vide
s fo
r es
cala
ting
pen
alti
es f
or r
epea
t of
fens
es u
p to
one
to f
ive
year
s fo
r a
thir
d -or
sub
sequ
ent o
ffen
se.
-
Gam
blin
g.
Pro
vide
s th
at a
fir
st o
ffen
se is
a m
isde
mea
nor p
unis
habl
e by
a f
ine
and
up to
thr
ee m
onth
s in
jail
and
a se
cond
or
subs
eque
nt
offe
nse
is a
fel
ony
puni
shab
le b
y up
to
two
year
s in
pri
son.
Wea
pons
off
ense
s.
Pro
vide
s fo
r es
cala
ting
pen
alti
es f
or r
epea
t of
fens
es, r
angi
ng fr
om u
p to
six
mon
ths
in ja
il an
d a
fie
for
a fi
rst
offe
nse
to o
ne to
fiv
e ye
ars
for
a th
ird
or s
ubse
quen
t off
ense
. In
ad
diti
on, a
fir
st o
ffen
se is
pun
isha
ble
by o
ne to
fiv
e ye
ars
if t
he
offe
nder
has
a p
rior
fel
ony
conv
icti
on.
Wea
pons
off
ense
s.
Pro
vide
s fo
r es
cala
ting
pen
alti
es f
or r
epea
t of
fens
es o
f us
ing
a de
adly
wea
pon
to c
omm
it a
fel
ony
in a
ddit
ion
to
the
pena
lty
for
the
felo
ny, r
angi
ng f
rom
a m
anda
tory
min
imum
pri
son
term
of
thre
e ye
ars
wit
hout
pro
bati
on f
or a
fir
st o
ffen
se u
p to
a
man
dato
ry m
inim
um o
f 10
yea
rs w
ithou
t par
ole
for
a th
ird
or
subs
eque
nt o
ffen
se.
Dom
estic
abu
se.
Prov
ides
for
pen
alti
es o
f a
Fie
and
up
to s
ix m
onth
s in
jail
for
a fi
rst o
r se
cond
off
ense
and
for
a f
ine
of u
p to
$50
,000
and
up
to f
ive
year
s in
pri
son
for
a th
ird
or s
ubse
quen
t off
ense
.
Off
ense
s ag
ains
t chi
ldre
n. P
rovi
des
for
a fi
ne o
f up
to $
500
and
up to
si
x m
onth
s in
jail
for
a fi
rst
offe
nse
and
for
a fi
ne o
f $1
,000
and
up
to
six
mon
ths
in ja
il f
or a
sec
ond
or s
ubse
quen
t off
ense
.
Ille
gal
poss
essi
on o
f Ii
quor
. P
rovi
des
for
esca
lati
ng p
enal
ties
for
re
peat
off
ense
s, ra
ngin
g fr
om fin
es o
f $5
0 fo
r a
firs
t off
ense
up
to
$200
for
a th
ird
offe
nse
and
$300
plu
s si
x m
onth
s in
jail
for
a fo
urth
or
subs
eque
nt o
ffen
se.
Poss
essi
on o
f sa
wed
-off
fir
earm
. F
irst
off
ense
-$2
00 -
$500
fin
e pl
us
five
day
s to
six
mon
ths
in ja
il, o
r bo
th;
seco
nd o
r su
bseq
uent
off
ense
(o
r an
y pr
ior
felo
ny)
up t
o $1
,000
fin
e or
up
to f
ive
year
s. o
r bo
th.
Dru
g of
fens
es.
Pro
vide
s fo
r su
bsta
ntia
lly
enha
nced
pen
alti
es,
up t
o 20
ye
ars
to l
ife,
for
sec
ond
or s
ubse
quen
t off
ense
s.
Sen
tenc
ing
crit
eria
. P
rovi
des
that
cri
min
al s
ente
nces
sha
ll r
efle
ct t
he
crim
inal
his
tory
of
the
offe
nder
and
tha
t per
sons
who
hab
itua
lly
viol
ate
the
law
sha
ll b
e re
mov
ed f
rom
soc
iety
for
lon
g te
rms.
Per
sist
ent d
ange
rous
wea
pons
off
ense
s.
Pro
vide
s fo
r es
cala
ting
pe
nalt
ies
for
repe
at o
ffen
ses (to
be a
dded
to t
he s
ente
nce
for
the
unde
rlyi
ng c
rim
e) o
f fr
om tw
o to
10
year
s fo
r a
fust
dan
gero
us
wea
pons
off
ense
to f
our
to 2
0 ye
ars
for
a se
cond
or
subs
eque
nt o
ffen
se.
Cap
ital
off
ense
s.
Pro
vide
s th
at a
ggra
vati
ng f
acto
rs ju
stif
ying
the
de
ath
pena
lty
shal
l in
clud
e pr
ior
conv
icti
ons
for
a de
libe
rate
hom
icid
e.
Cap
ital
off
ense
s.
Pro
vide
s th
at a
ggra
vati
ng f
acto
rs ju
stif
ying
the
de
ath
pena
lty
shal
l in
clud
e pr
ior
conv
icti
ons
for
mur
der,
vio
lent
of
fens
es o
r se
riou
s as
saul
tive
or
terr
oriz
ing
acti
vity
.
Use
of
expl
osiv
es in
com
mis
sion
of
a fe
lony
. F
irst
off
ense
-m
anda
tory
one
to 1
0 ye
ars
and
a fi
ne o
f up
to
$10,
000;
se
cond
or
subs
eque
nt o
ffen
se -
man
dato
ry tw
o to
20
year
s.
Por
nogr
aphy
. F
irst
off
ense
is a
mis
dem
eano
r; s
econ
d or
sub
sequ
ent
offe
nse
-one
to s
ix y
ears
plu
s fi
ne o
f up
to
$5,0
00.
30
Tab
le 4
St
atut
es R
equi
ring
the
Use
of C
rim
inal
His
tory
Rec
ord
Info
rmat
ion
Tabl
e 4
(con
t.)
Sta
tute
s pr
ovid
ing
for
enha
nced
sen
tenc
es f
or o
ffend
ers
with
pri
or c
onvi
ctio
ns
(Not
e: S
tate
s w
hich
do
not h
ve
skat
utes
prov
ilng
for
enha
nced
sen
tenc
es fo
r o
fled
rx m
lhpr
ior
conv
ictio
nr a
re o
mM
Itcd
fromthe table.)
-S
tate
Nev
ada
(con
t.)
New
Ham
pshi
re
New
Jer
sey
New
Mex
ico
Cit
atio
n
200.
030,
.0
33
205.
060,
06
7
205.
130
453.
316
et s
eq.
651:
6
318-
B:2
6
2C:4
4-1
2C:4
4-3
2C:2
0- 1
1
2C:1
4-6
2C:4
3-6(
c)
NJ2
C:4
3-6(
e)
2C:4
3-6(
f)
31-1
8-17
31-1
8-16
31-2
0A-5
. -6
66-8
-102
Cri
m.
Proc
. L
aw Q 4
00.1
5.
.40
Sta
tuto
ry p
rovl
slon
(S
tatu
tory
prov
isio
ns w
e a
du
d
or p
arap
knw
ed.)
Cap
ital
off
ense
s.
Pro
vide
s th
at a
ggra
vati
ng f
acto
rs ju
stif
ying
the
de
ath
pena
lty s
hall
inc
lude
pri
or c
onvi
ctio
ns f
or m
urde
r or
vio
lent
fe
loni
es.
Bur
glar
y. i
nvas
ion
of h
ome.
P
rovi
des
for
man
dato
ry s
ente
nces
w
ithou
t pro
bati
on f
or s
econ
d or
sub
sequ
ent o
ffen
ders
.
Bad
che
cks.
F
irst
and
sec
ond
offe
nses
are
mis
dem
eano
rs if
am
ount
is
unde
r $2
50.
Thi
rd o
r su
bseq
uent
off
ense
s ar
e fe
loni
es, p
unis
habl
e by
on
e to
10
year
s an
d up
to
$10,
000
fine
.
Dru
g of
fens
es.
Pro
vide
s fo
r es
cala
ting
pen
alti
es f
or r
epea
t of
fens
es.
up to
lif
e in
pri
son
and
a $2
0.00
0 fi
ne.
Prov
ides
for
ext
ende
d pr
ison
term
s, d
epen
diig
upo
n th
e se
riou
snes
s of
-t
he c
rim
e, i
f th
e of
fend
er h
as t
wo
or m
ore
prio
r fe
lony
con
vict
ions
.
Dru
g of
fens
es.
Pro
vide
s fo
r en
hanc
ed p
enal
ties
for
rep
eat o
ffen
ders
. de
pend
ing
on th
e se
riou
snes
s of
the
off
ense
.
Sen
tenc
ing
crit
eria
. P
rovi
des
that
agg
rava
ting
cir
cum
stan
ces
shal
l in
clud
e th
e of
fend
er's
prio
r cr
imin
al re
cord
.
Enh
ance
d te
rms
of i
mpr
ison
men
t. P
rovi
des
for
enha
nced
term
s fo
r pe
rsis
tent
off
ende
rs (
two
or m
ore
prio
r co
nvic
tion
s an
d la
test
is
wit
hin
10 y
ears
), p
rofe
ssio
nal
crim
inal
s (h
as d
evot
ed h
imse
lf t
o cr
imin
al
acti
vity
as
a li
veli
hood
) an
d pe
rson
s w
ith p
rior
con
vict
ions
inv
olvi
ng
the
use
of f
irea
rms.
Sho
plif
ting
. P
rovi
des
for
esca
lati
ng f
ines
for
rep
eat
offe
nses
and
for
a
man
dato
ry m
inim
jail
term
of
30 d
ays
for
a th
ird
or s
ubse
quen
t of
fens
e.
Sex
offe
nses
. Pr
ovid
es f
or a
man
dato
ry m
inim
um ja
il te
rm o
f fi
ve
year
s w
ithou
t par
ole
for
a se
cond
or
subs
eque
nt o
ffen
se.
Use
of
fire
arm
in f
elon
y. P
rovi
des
for m
anda
tory
ext
ende
d te
rm f
or a
pe
rson
con
vict
ed f
or t
he s
econ
d tim
e of
usi
ng o
r po
sses
sing
a f
iiea
rrn
duri
ng t
he c
omm
issi
on o
f a
felo
ny.
Tax
viol
atio
ns.
Pro
vide
s fo
r m
anda
tory
pri
son
term
for
thi
rd o
r su
bseq
uent
off
ense
.
Dru
g of
fens
es.
Prov
ides
for
ext
ende
d te
rm o
f im
pris
onm
ent f
or s
econ
d
or s
ubse
quen
t off
ense
.
Rep
eat
felo
ny o
ffen
ders
. P
rovi
des
for
addi
tion
al s
ente
nces
for
felo
ny
offe
nder
s w
ith p
rior
fel
ony
conv
icti
ons,
ran
ging
fro
m o
ne a
ddit
iona
l ye
ar f
or a
sin
gle
prio
r fe
lony
con
vict
ion
to e
ight
add
itio
nal y
ears
for
th
ree
or m
ore
prio
r fe
lony
con
vict
ions
.
Fire
arm
s of
fens
es.
Pro
vide
s fo
r ad
diti
onal
sen
tenc
es fo
r us
e of
fii
earm
in
com
mis
sion
of
felo
ny:
one
addi
tion
al y
ear
for
a fi
rst o
ffen
se a
nd
thre
e ad
diti
onal
yea
rs f
or a
sec
ond
or s
ubse
quen
t off
ense
.
Cap
ital
off
ense
s.
Pro
vide
s th
at a
ggra
vati
ng f
acto
rs ju
stif
ying
dea
th
pena
lty s
hall
inc
lude
pri
or c
onvi
ctio
ns a
nd l
ack
of a
pri
or r
ecor
d sh
all
be a
mit
igat
ing
fact
or.
DU
I. P
rovi
des
for
esca
lati
ng p
enal
ties
for
rep
eat o
ffen
ses
up to
a
man
dato
ry s
ix-m
onth
jail
term
for
a f
ourt
h or
sub
sequ
ent o
ffen
se.
Set
s ou
t pro
cedu
re fo
r de
term
inin
g w
heth
er a
n of
fend
er h
as a
pri
or
conv
ictio
n:
requ
ires
pro
secu
tor
to f
ile
a st
atem
ent p
rior
to
sent
enci
ng.,
New
Yor
k
Stat
utes
Req
uiri
ng th
e U
se of
Cri
min
al H
isto
ry R
ecor
d In
form
atio
n T
able
4
3 1
Tabl
e 4
(con
t.)
Sta
tute
s pr
ovid
ing
for
enha
nced
sen
tenc
es fo
r of
fend
ers
with
pri
or c
onvi
ctio
ns
(Nor
a: S
tatw
whi
ch d
o no
t hav
e st
atut
es p
rovi
ding
for
enha
nced
sen
tenc
ar fo
r of
fend
ers w
ith p
rior
con
vict
ions
are
om
iftc
dfro
m the
rrrblc
.)
Sta
te
New
Yor
k (w
nt.)
Nor
th C
arol
ina
Nor
th D
akot
a
Ohi
o
Okl
ahom
a
Ore
gon
Pen
nsyl
vani
a
Cit
atio
n
Pen.
Law
8 7
0.04
14-2
-2
14-3
26.1
15A
-134
0.4
12.1
-32-
04
12.1
-32-
09
2929
.1 1
et
seq.
21-7
01.1
2
21-5
1
21-5
2
21-1
731
163.
095
Or.
Adm
in. R
ules
253
-02-
001
et s
eq.
42-9
714
42-9
715
42-9
721
35-7
80-1
13(b
), (c
)
Sta
tuto
ry p
rovi
sion
(Statutory
pmvi
sion
x ar
e sw
mm
ize
dor
para
phra
red.
)
Req
uire
s in
dete
rmin
ate
sent
ence
of
impr
ison
men
t fo
r se
cond
vio
lent
fe
lony
off
ende
rs.
Use
of
dead
ly w
eapo
n in
fel
ony.
P
rovi
des
for
an a
ddit
iona
l sen
tenc
e fo
r a
seco
nd o
ffen
se (t
o be
ser
ved
conc
urre
ntly
with
the
sen
tenc
e fo
r th
e ne
w o
ffen
se) o
f at
leas
t 14
yea
rs, s
even
of
whi
ch m
ust b
e se
rved
.
Non
supp
ort o
f pa
rent
. F
irst
off
ense
-up
to
six
mon
ths
and
$500
Fie
, or
bot
h, s
econ
d or
sub
sequ
ent o
ffen
se -
up to
tw
o ye
ars
or a
fin
e, o
r bo
th.
Sen
tenc
ing
crit
eria
. P
rovi
des
that
agg
rava
ting
fac
tors
aff
ecti
ng
sent
enci
ng o
f de
sign
ated
fel
ons
shal
l in
clud
e pr
ior
crim
inal
rec
ord
for
offe
nses
pun
isha
ble
by o
ver
60 d
ays
in j
ail.
Sen
tenc
ing
crit
eria
. P
rovi
des
that
pre
senc
e or
abs
ence
of
prio
r cr
imin
al re
cord
sha
ll b
e a
fact
or a
ffec
ting
dec
isio
n to
sen
tenc
e an
of
fend
er t
o im
pris
onm
ent.
Dan
gero
us s
peci
al o
ffen
ders
. P
rovi
des
for
exte
nded
sen
tenc
es if
of
fend
er i
s a
prof
essi
onal
cri
min
al o
r ha
s at
leas
t tw
o pr
ior
conv
icti
ons
for
desi
gnat
ed o
ffen
ses.
Sen
tenc
ing
crit
eria
. P
rovi
des
for
enha
nced
pen
alti
es f
or r
epea
t or
da
nger
ous
offe
nder
s.
Cap
ital
off
ense
s.
Pro
vide
s th
at a
ggra
vati
ng f
acto
rs ju
stif
ying
the
de
ath
pena
lty
shal
l in
clud
e pr
ior
conv
icti
ons
for
viol
ent
felo
nies
.
Rep
eat f
elon
y of
fend
ers.
Pro
vide
s fo
r en
hanc
ed p
enal
ties
for
rep
eat
offe
nder
s de
pend
ing
upon
the
num
ber
and
seri
ousn
ess
of p
rior
co
nvic
tion
s; a
nd p
rovi
des
for
a m
anda
tory
min
imum
20-
year
sen
tenc
e fo
r pe
rson
s co
nvic
ted
of a
thi
rd o
r su
bseq
uent
fel
ony
offe
nse
wit
hin
10
year
s.
Lar
ceny
. P
rovi
des
that
a p
erso
n co
nvic
ted
of a
sec
ond
or s
ubse
quen
t la
rcen
y of
fens
e sh
all b
e se
nten
ced
to u
p to
fiv
e ye
ars;
and
tha
t an
y pe
rson
con
vict
ed o
f la
rcen
y or
of
any
atte
mpt
ed c
rim
e w
ho i
s su
bseq
uent
ly c
onvi
cted
of
any
othe
r of
fens
e sh
all r
ecei
ve a
n en
hanc
ed
sent
ence
d de
pend
ing
upon
the
ser
ious
ness
of
the
subs
eque
nt o
ffen
se.
Sho
plif
ting
. P
rovi
des
for
esca
lati
ng p
enal
ties
for
rep
eat
offe
nses
, up
to t
wo
to f
ive
year
s fo
r th
ird
or s
ubse
quen
t off
ense
.
Mur
der.
P
rovi
des
that
agg
rava
ting
fac
tors
aff
ecti
ng s
ente
nce
shal
l in
clud
e pr
ior
conv
icti
ons
for
mur
der.
Sen
tenc
ing
guid
elin
es.
Rep
eat f
elon
y of
fend
ers.
P
rovi
des
for
man
dato
ry m
inim
um s
ente
nce
of
five
yea
rs f
or p
erso
ns c
onvi
cted
of
enum
erat
ed s
erio
us o
ffen
ses
who
ha
ve a
pri
or c
onvi
ctio
n fo
r a
viol
ent
felo
ny w
ithi
n se
ven
year
s.
Mur
der.
Pr
ovid
es f
or a
man
dato
ry l
ife
sent
ence
for m
urde
r in
the
thir
d de
gree
if t
he o
ffen
der
has
a pr
ior
conv
icti
on fo
r m
urde
r or
vol
unta
ry
man
slau
ghte
r.
Sen
tenc
ing
Gui
deli
nes.
S
ets
out
sent
enci
ng g
uide
line
s th
at t
ake
into
co
nsid
erat
ion
the
seri
ousn
ess
of t
he i
nsta
nt o
ffen
se a
nd t
he o
ffen
der's
pr
ior
crim
inal
rec
ord.
D
rug
offe
nses
. P
rovi
des
for
enha
nced
pen
alti
es f
or r
epea
t of
fens
es, u
p to
thr
ee y
ears
and
a $
25,0
00 fi
ne.
32
Tab
le4
Stat
utes
Req
uiri
ng t
he U
se o
f Cri
min
al H
isto
ry R
ecor
d in
form
atio
n
Tabl
e 4
(con
t.)
Sta
tute
s pr
ovid
ing
for
enha
nced
sen
tenc
es fo
r of
fend
ers
with
prl
or c
onvl
ctlo
ns
(Not
e: S
tate
s whi
ch d
o n
ot ha
ve st
acut
espr
ovid
ing f
or e
nhan
ced
sent
ence
s for
off
ende
r8 m
mthp
rior
con
vict
ioiw
are
om
itted
from
the
tabk
.)
Sta
te
Clta
tlon
Puer
to R
ico
33-3
301.
330
2
Rho
de I
slan
d 21
-28-
4.01
et
seq.
12-1
3-1.
2
Sou
th C
arol
ina
16-1
3-50
16-1
3-65
, 66
16-1
5-11
0
16-1
3-11
0
44-5
3-37
0 S
outh
Dak
ota
22-7
-7 e
t se
q.
23 A
-27 A
- 1
Ten
ness
ee
39-1
3-20
4
40-3
5-10
6
40-3
5-10
7
40-3
5-11
4
40-3
5-20
2
Tex
as
Pen
. C
ode
8 12
.42
- --
Pen.
Cod
e 8
12.4
3
Uta
h 76
-5-2
02
Sta
tuto
ry p
rovl
slon
(S
tab*
oryp
rovi
xioi
w are
wm
~n
'ze
dorpw
aphr
cucd
)
Rep
eat f
elon
y of
fend
ers.
P
rovi
des
that
sen
tenc
es s
hall
be
incr
ease
d by
ha
lf fo
r pr
ior
felo
nies
with
in 1
0 ye
ars
(15
year
s if
the
prio
r of
fens
e w
as t
he s
ame
offe
nse
as t
he n
ew o
ffen
se).
Dru
g of
fens
es.
Pro
vide
s fo
r en
hanc
ed p
enal
ties
for
repe
at o
ffen
ses
of
up t
o do
uble
the
norm
al p
enal
ty.
Off
ense
com
mitt
ed w
hile
on
rele
ase.
P
rovi
des
for
enha
nced
pen
altie
s fo
r of
fens
es c
omm
itted
whi
le o
n ba
il (u
p to
10
year
s fo
r a
felo
ny a
nd
one
year
for
a m
isde
mea
nor)
.
Ste
alin
g liv
esto
ck.
Pro
vide
s fo
r es
cala
ting
pena
lties
for
rep
eat
offe
nses
, up
to f
ive
to 2
5 ye
ars
for
a th
ird
or s
ubse
quen
t off
ense
.
Ste
alin
g fr
om a
quac
ultu
re o
pera
tions
. P
rovi
des
for
esca
latin
g pe
nalti
es f
or r
epea
t off
ense
s. u
p to
a $
5.00
0 fi
ne a
nd s
ix m
onth
s to
tw
o ye
ars
for
a th
ird
or s
ubse
quen
t off
ense
.
Pro
stitu
tion.
P
rovi
des
for
esca
latin
g pe
nalti
es f
or r
epea
t of
fens
es, u
p to
a $
3,00
0 fi
ne o
r a
year
in
jail,
or
both
, fo
r a
thir
d or
sub
sequ
ent
offe
nse.
Sho
plif
ting.
P
rovi
des
for
esca
latin
g pe
nalti
es f
or r
epea
t of
fens
es, u
p to
one
to f
ive
year
s fo
r a
thir
d or
sub
sequ
ent o
ffen
se.
Dru
~off
ense
s.
Pro
vide
s fo
r es
cala
ting
pena
lties
for
rep
eat
offe
nses
.
Rep
eat o
ffen
ders
. P
rovi
des
for
enha
nced
pen
altie
s fo
r re
peat
fel
ony
conv
ictio
ns d
epen
ding
on
the
num
ber
and
seri
ousn
ess
of p
rior
of
fens
es.
Cap
ital
offe
nses
. P
rovi
des
that
agg
rava
ting
fact
ors
just
ifyi
ng t
he
deat
h pe
nalty
sha
ll in
clud
e pr
ior
felo
ny c
onvi
ctio
ns o
r pr
ior
conv
ictio
ns f
or s
erio
us a
ssau
ltive
cri
mes
.
Mur
der.
Pro
vide
s th
at a
ggra
vatin
g ci
rcum
stan
ces j
ustif
ying
the
dea
th
pena
lty s
hall
inc
lude
pri
or c
onvi
ctio
ns f
or v
iole
nt f
elon
ies.
Mul
tiple
off
ende
rs.
Pro
vide
s fo
r en
hanc
ed s
ente
nces
for
per
sons
with
pr
ior
conv
ictio
ns, d
epen
ding
on
the
seri
ousn
ess
of t
he p
rese
nt o
ffen
se
and
the
num
ber
and
seri
ousn
ess o
f pr
ior
offe
nses
.
Per
sist
ent o
ffen
ders
. P
rovi
des
for
enha
nced
sen
tenc
es f
or p
erso
ns w
ith
two
or m
ore
prio
r fe
lony
con
vict
ions
, dep
endi
ng o
n th
e se
riou
snes
s of
th
e pr
esen
t off
ense
and
the
num
ber
and
seri
ousn
ess
of t
he p
rior
of
fens
es.
Sen
tenc
ing
crite
ria.
P
rovi
des
that
fac
tors
sup
port
ing
enha
nced
se
nten
ces
shal
l in
clud
e pr
ior
wnv
icti
ons.
Cha
rgin
g re
peat
off
ende
rs.
Pro
vide
s th
at t
he p
rose
cuto
r m
ust
fie
a
stat
emen
t of
inte
nt to
see
k an
enh
ance
d se
nten
ce a
t le
ast
10 d
ays
befo
re t
rial
.
Rep
eat f
elon
y of
fend
ers.
P
rovi
des
for
enha
nced
term
s fo
r re
peat
fel
ony
offe
nder
s de
pend
ing
on t
he s
erio
usne
ss o
f th
e pr
esen
t off
ense
and
the
nu
mbe
r an
d se
riou
snes
s of
pri
or o
ffen
ses.
Rep
eat m
isde
mea
nor
offe
nder
s. P
rovi
des
for
enha
nced
sen
tenc
es b
ased
up
on th
e se
riou
snes
s of
the
pres
ent o
ffen
se a
nd t
he n
umbe
r an
d se
riou
snes
s of
pri
or o
ffen
ses.
Mur
der.
Cri
min
al h
omic
ide
is m
urde
r in
the
fir
st d
egre
e if
, am
ong
othe
r th
ings
, th
e of
fend
er h
as p
revi
ousl
y be
en c
onvi
cted
of
mur
der
or a
vi
olen
t fe
lony
.
Stat
utes
Req
uiri
ng th
e U
se of
Cri
min
al H
isto
ry R
ecor
d I@
orm
atio
n T
able
4
33
2
Tabl
e 4
(con
t.)
Sta
tute
s pr
ovld
lng
for
enha
nced
sen
tenc
es fo
r of
fend
ers
wlth
prl
or c
onvl
ctlo
ns
(No&
: States w
hich
do
not h
ave xtatucw
prm
idng
for
enh
ance
d xcrrtencufo
r of
fend
er8
with
pri
or c
onvi
caio
~are
the W
.)
omrm
rtfr
dfro
m
Sta
te
Uta
h (c
ont.)
Ver
mon
t
Vir
gin
Isla
nds
Vir
gini
a
Was
hing
ton
Wes
t V
irgi
nia
Wis
cons
in
Clt
atlo
n
76-3
-407
76-3
-408
13-1
028
13-2
311(
a)
13-2
577
13-2
825
18-4
230(
a)(l
)
18-4
238
19-6
04 e
t se
q.
19.2
-297
18.2
-248
18.2
-53.
1
9.94
A.3
10 e
t se
q.
69.5
0.40
8
69.5
0.41
0
61-8
-4
60A
-4-4
07,
408
973.
011
Sta
tuto
ry p
rovl
slon
(Statutory
pmvi
Pior
u are
mm
mu
ked
or pc
rrap
hmse
d)
Rep
eat s
ex o
ffen
ders
. Pr
ovid
es f
or a
n ad
ditio
nal t
hree
yea
r te
rm (
to b
e
serv
ed c
onse
cutiv
ely)
for
each
pri
or c
onvi
ctio
n fo
r a
felo
ny s
exua
l of
fens
e.
Hab
itual
sex
off
ende
rs.
Prov
ides
for
lif
e w
ithou
t par
ole
for
thir
d or
su
bseq
uent
fel
ony
sex
offe
nse.
Ass
ault
on a
pol
ice
offi
cer.
Fir
st o
ffen
se -
30 d
ays
to o
ne y
ear;
sec
ond
or
sub
sequ
ent o
ffen
se -
two
to 1
0 ye
ars.
Agg
rava
ted
mur
der.
Prov
ides
that
mur
der
shal
l be
aggr
avat
ed if
, am
ong
ot
her
thin
gs,
the
offe
nder
has
a p
rior
con
vict
ion
for
mur
der.
Sho
plif
ting
of p
rope
rty
of $
100
valu
e or
les
s. F
irst
off
ense
-fi
ne o
f up
to
$300
or
up t
o si
x m
onth
s in
jail,
or both;
seco
nd o
r su
bseq
uent
of
fens
e -F
ie u
p to
$50
0 or
up
to t
wo
year
s in
jail,
or
both
. Se
xual
exp
loita
tion
of c
hild
ren.
F
ist
offe
nse
-fie
up t
o $2
0,00
0 an
d
up to
10
year
s in
pri
son;
sec
ond
or s
ubse
quen
t off
ense
-fie
up t
o
$50,
000
and
one
to 1
5 ye
ars
in p
riso
n.
Poss
essi
on o
f m
ariju
ana.
F
ist
offe
nse
-up
to $
500
Fie
or
six
mon
ths
in
jai
l or
both,
seco
nd o
r su
bseq
uent
off
ense
-up
to $
2,00
0 F
ie o
r up
to
tw
o ye
ars
in p
riso
n, o
r bo
th.
Rep
eat d
rug
offe
nses
. Pr
ovid
es f
or p
enal
ties
of u
p to
twic
e th
e no
rmal
pe
nalt
ies.
Dru
g of
fens
es.
Prov
ides
for
esc
alat
ing
pena
lties
for
rep
eat
offe
nses
. up
to 1
0 ye
ars
in p
riso
n an
d a
$60,
000
Fie
.
Lar
ceny
. Pr
ovid
es f
or a
pen
alty
of
30-6
0 da
ys f
or a
sec
ond
offe
nse
and
pu
nish
men
t as
a cl
ass
6 fe
lon
for
a th
ird
or s
ubse
quen
t off
ense
.
Dru
g of
fens
es.
Prov
ides
for
fiv
e to
40
year
s pl
us a
$10
0,00
0 F
ie fo
r a
fi
rst o
ffen
se a
nd f
ive
year
s to
lif
e pl
us a
$10
0,00
0 F
ie fo
r a
seco
nd o
r su
bseq
uent
off
ense
.
Use
of
Fuea
rm i
n fe
lony
. F
irst
off
ense
-m
anda
tory
two
year
term
; se
cond
or
subs
eque
nt o
ffen
se -
man
dato
ry fo
ur y
ear
term
.
Sent
enci
ng G
uide
lines
. Pr
ovid
es f
or r
ecom
men
ded
sent
ence
s bas
ed o
n
the
seri
ousn
ess o
f th
e of
fens
e an
d th
e nu
mbe
r an
d se
riou
snes
s of
pri
or
offe
nses
.
Dru
g of
fens
es:
dktr
ibut
ion
to a
min
or.
Pro
vide
s fo
r a
pena
lty o
f tw
ice
th
e no
rmal
pen
alty
for
a s
econ
d or
sub
sequ
ent o
ffen
se.
Dru
g tr
affi
ckin
g.
Prov
ides
for
enh
ance
d pe
nalti
es (
up to
a m
anda
tory
10
yea
rs i
n pr
ison
) fo
r se
cond
or
subs
eque
nt o
ffen
ses.
Lew
d an
d la
sciv
ious
coh
abita
tion.
Fir
st o
ffen
se -
up t
o $5
0 F
ie a
nd/o
r si
x m
onth
s in
jail;
seco
nd o
r su
bseq
uent
off
ense
-six
mon
ths
to 1
2
mon
ths.
Dru
g of
fens
es.
Prov
ides
for
con
ditio
nal d
isch
arge
for
cer
tain
fir
st
offe
nses
for
mar
ijuan
a po
sses
sion
and
for
term
s of
up
to tw
ice
the
usua
l te
rm f
or s
econ
d or
sub
sequ
ent o
ffen
ses.
Sent
enci
ng g
uide
lines
. P
rovi
des
for
prom
ulga
tion
of s
ente
ncin
g
guid
elin
es th
at,
amon
g ot
her
thin
gs,
incl
ude
cons
ider
atio
n of
of
fend
ers'
prio
r cr
imin
al h
isto
ries
.
34
Tab
le 4
St
atut
es R
equi
ring
the
Use
of C
rim
inal
His
tory
Rec
ord
Info
rmat
ion
Tabl
e 4
(co
nt.)
S
tatu
tes
prov
idin
g fo
r en
hanc
ed s
ente
nces
for
offe
nder
s w
ith p
rio
r co
nvic
tions
(N
ote:
Sta
tes
whi
ch d
o n
ot ha
ve s
tahd
expr
ovid
ng fo
r en
knce
d se
nten
ces f
or o
ffen
ders
w't
hpr
ior
conv
ictio
ns a
re o
mitt
edfr
om th
e tn
bk.)
Sta
te
Cit
atio
n
Wis
cons
in (
cont
.)
939.
62
939.
621
973.
12
346.
62,
64.
65
161.
47,
48
939.
63(2
)
Wyo
min
g 6-
2-10
2
6-2-
306
35-7
-103
7,
1038
Sta
tuto
ry p
rovl
sio
n
(Sta
tuto
ry pm
viri
onr
me
sum
man
ad o
rpar
aphr
med
.)
Rep
eat o
ffen
ders
. Pro
vide
s fo
r en
hanc
ed s
ente
nces
bas
ed u
pon
the
num
ber
and
seri
ousn
ess
of p
rior
con
vict
ions
and
the
per
iod
duri
ng
whi
ch th
ey w
ere
com
mitt
ed.
Dom
estic
abu
se.
Pro
vide
s fo
r th
e pe
nalty
to
be e
nhan
ced
by u
p to
two
year
s if
the
off
ende
r has
a p
rior
arr
est f
or d
omes
tic
abus
e w
ithi
n 24
ho
urs.
Rep
eat o
ffen
ders
. S
ets
out p
roce
dure
s fo
r al
legi
ng a
nd p
rovi
ng p
rior
co
nvic
tion
s fo
r en
hanc
emen
t pu
rpos
es.
DU
I an
d re
ckle
ss d
rivi
ng.
Pro
vide
s fo
r en
hanc
ed T
ies
and
jail
term
s fo
r se
cond
and
sub
sequ
ent o
ffen
ses
with
in s
peci
fied
per
iods
.
Dru
g of
fens
es.
Pro
vide
s fo
r co
ndit
iona
l dis
char
ge fo
r fi
rst
offe
nse
for
poss
essi
on; a
nd p
rovi
des
for
puni
shm
ent o
f se
cond
and
sub
sequ
ent
offe
nses
by
impo
siti
on o
f up
to
twic
e th
e us
ual
pena
ltie
s.
Dan
gero
us w
eapo
ns.
Pro
vide
s fo
r pr
esum
ptiv
e te
rms
of i
mpr
ison
men
t of
fiv
e ye
ars
for
the
seco
nd o
r su
bseq
uent
off
ense
of
usin
g a
dang
erou
s w
eapo
n in
the
com
mis
sion
of
a fe
lony
.
Mur
der.
P
rovi
des
that
agg
rava
ting
fact
ors
just
ifyi
ng t
he d
eath
pen
alty
sh
all
incl
ude
any
prio
r co
nvic
tion
s fo
r m
urde
r or
vio
lent
fel
onie
s.
Sexu
al a
ssau
lt
Pro
vide
s fo
r en
hanc
ed p
unis
hmen
t for
rep
eat o
ffen
ders
, ba
sed
upon
the
leve
l of
ser
ious
ness
of
the
offe
nse.
Dru
g of
fens
es.
Pro
vide
s fo
r co
ndit
iona
l dis
char
ge o
f so
me
firs
t of
fend
ers
char
ged
with
pos
sess
ion;
and
pro
vide
s fo
r pu
nish
men
t of
seco
nd o
r su
bseq
uent
off
ense
s by
up
to t
wic
e th
e us
ual p
enal
ty.
Stat
utes
Req
uiri
ng th
e U
se o
f Cri
min
al H
isto
ry R
ecor
d In
form
atio
n T
able
4
35
Tabi
e 5
S
tatu
tes
auth
oriz
lng
sent
enci
ng o
f pe
rsis
tent
rec
idiv
ists
to
enha
nced
term
s as
car
eer
crim
inal
s or
hab
itual
cri
min
als
(N
ou: States
whi
ch d
o no
t ha
ve s
tatu
te8
auth
oriz
ing
sent
enci
ng o
f pcr
sirt
cnl
Sta
te
cita
tio
n
Uni
ted
Sta
tes(
Fede
ral)
28 U
.S.C
994
(h)
Sent
enci
ng G
uide
lines
Q
4B
l.l
Ala
bam
a 13
A-5
-9
13A
-12-
231
32-5
A-1
91
Ala
ska
12.5
5.15
5
Ari
zona
13
-604
13-6
04.0
1
Ark
ansa
s 5-
4-50
1
16-9
0-20
2
Cal
ifor
nia
Pen.
Cod
e 66
7.7
Col
orad
o 16
-13-
101
Con
nect
icut
5
3 a-
40
reci
divi
sts
to e
nkrn
ced
tarm
a ru
car
eer o
r iw
bitu
al c
rim
i~lr
are
omitt
edfr
om the
tabl
e.)
Sta
tuto
ry p
rovi
sion
(Statutory
prov
isio
ns are s
um
ad
ud
or p
arap
hmrc
d.)
Prov
ides
tha
t se
nten
cing
gui
delin
es s
hall
ensu
re s
ubst
antia
l pr
ison
te
rms
for p
erso
ns w
ho c
omm
it cr
imes
of
viol
ence
and
hav
e tw
o or
m
ore
prev
ious
fel
ony
conv
ictio
ns f
or c
rim
es o
f vi
olen
ce o
r se
riou
s dr
ug o
ffen
ses.
Prov
ides
for
sen
tenc
ing
of c
aree
x of
fend
ers
(as
defi
ned
abov
e) a
t the
m
axim
um c
rim
inal
his
tory
cat
egor
y le
vel,
whi
ch s
ubst
antia
lly
incr
ease
s th
e m
axim
um a
nd m
inim
um s
ente
nces
.
Prov
ides
for
enh
ance
d pu
nish
men
t for
per
sons
who
com
mit
felo
nies
af
ter
com
mitt
ing
prio
r fe
loni
es, r
angi
ng f
rom
one
gra
de le
vel
enha
ncem
ent f
or p
erso
ns w
ho h
ave
one
prio
r fe
lony
con
vict
ion
to l
ife
impr
ison
men
t with
out p
arol
e fo
r pe
rson
s w
ho h
ave
thre
e pr
ior
felo
nies
and
com
mit
anot
her
clas
s A
fel
ony.
Prov
ides
for
sen
tenc
ing
unde
r th
e re
cidi
vist
sta
tute
of
pers
ons
who
co
mm
it se
riou
s dr
ug o
ffen
ses
afte
r on
e or
mor
e pr
ior
felo
ny
conv
icti
ons.
Rep
eat D
UI
offe
nder
s. P
rovi
des
for
sent
enci
ng to
inc
reas
ingl
y en
hanc
ed f
ines
and
jail
term
s ba
sed
on n
umbe
r of
pri
or D
UI
conv
ictio
ns w
ithin
spe
cifi
ed t
ime
peri
ods.
Prov
ides
for
sha
rply
enh
ance
d se
nten
cing
for
agg
rava
ting
fact
ors,
in
clud
ing
prio
r fe
lony
con
vict
ions
or
repe
ated
off
ense
s si
mila
r to
the
in
stan
t of
fens
e.
Dan
gero
us a
nd re
petit
ive
offe
nder
s.
Prov
ides
for
enh
ance
d se
nten
ces
for
repe
titiv
e of
fend
ers
up to
fiv
e tim
es th
e no
rmal
sen
tenc
e, w
ith
limite
d pa
role
elig
ibili
ty, b
ased
upo
n th
e se
riou
snes
s of
the
off
ense
ch
arge
d an
d th
e nu
mbe
r an
d se
riou
snes
s of
pri
or o
ffen
ses.
Dan
gero
us c
rim
es a
gain
st c
hild
ren.
Pr
ovid
es f
or e
nhan
ced
sent
ence
s,
up t
o lif
e im
pris
onm
ent w
ithou
t par
ole,
for
per
sons
who
com
mit
enum
erat
ed o
ffen
ses
agai
nst c
hild
ren
and
who
hav
e pr
ior
conv
ictio
ns
for
such
off
ense
s.
Prov
ides
for
sen
tenc
ing
of h
abitu
al o
ffen
ders
to e
nhan
ced
term
s, u
p to
lif
e im
pris
onm
ent f
or p
erso
ns w
ith f
our
or m
ore
prio
r fe
loni
es,
depe
ndin
g on
the
ser
ious
ness
of
the
pres
ent o
ffen
se a
nd th
e nu
mbe
r of
pr
ior
felo
ny c
onvi
ctio
ns.
Prov
ides
that
per
sons
who
com
mit
mur
der,
rape
, car
nal
abus
e or
ki
dnap
ping
and
who
hav
e tw
o or
mor
e pr
ior
conv
ictio
ns f
or a
ny s
uch
offe
nses
sha
ll be
dee
med
hab
itual
cri
min
als
and
sent
ence
d to
lif
e im
pris
onm
ent,
if t
he d
eath
pen
alty
doe
s no
t ap
ply.
Prov
ides
for
enha
nced
sen
tenc
es a
s ha
bitu
al o
ffen
ders
for
per
sons
who
co
mm
it vi
olen
t fel
onie
s an
d w
ho h
ave
serv
ed tw
o or
mor
e pr
evio
us
sent
ence
s fo
r vi
olen
t or
ser
ious
off
ense
s w
ithin
the
pre
viou
s 10
yea
rs.
Prov
ides
that
per
sons
con
vict
ed o
f fe
loni
es w
ho h
ave
prev
ious
ly b
een
conv
icte
d of
tw
o fe
loni
es w
ithin
the
pas
t 10
yea
rs o
r th
ree
felo
nies
at
any
time
shal
l be
adju
dged
to b
e ha
bitu
al o
ffen
ders
and
sen
tenc
ed to
25
-50
year
s (t
wo
prev
ious
fel
onie
s) o
r lif
e im
pris
onm
ent (
thre
e or
m
ore
prev
ious
fel
onie
s), i
f no
t se
nten
ced
to d
eath
.
Prov
ides
for
enh
ance
d se
nten
ces
for
pers
iste
nt d
ange
rous
fel
ony
offe
nder
s, p
ersi
sten
t se
riou
s fe
lony
off
ende
rs,
pers
iste
nt l
arce
ny
offe
nder
s an
d pe
rsis
tent
fel
ony
offe
nder
s, d
epen
ding
on
the
offe
nse
char
ged
and
the
num
ber
and
natu
re o
f pr
ior
conv
ictio
ns a
nd s
ente
nces
.
36
Tabl
e 5
Stat
utes
Req
uiri
ng th
e U
se o
f Cri
min
al H
isto
ry R
ecor
d In
form
atio
n
Tabi
e 5
(con
t.)
Sta
tute
s au
thor
izin
g se
nten
cing
of
pers
iste
nt r
ecid
ivis
ts to
en
hanc
ed te
rms
as c
aree
r cr
imin
als
or h
abitu
al c
rim
inal
s
(Nou
: S
trtt
u w
hich
do
not h
ave
stat
utes
aut
hori
zing
sent
enci
ng o
fper
dk&
nt
Sta
te
Cit
atio
n
Del
awar
e 11
-421
4
Dis
tric
t of
Col
umbi
a 22
-104
a
Flor
ida
775.
084
et s
eq.
Geo
rgia
17
-10-
7(b)
Haw
aii
706-
606.
5
706-
661,
66
2
845-
1 et
seq
.
Idah
o 19
-251
4
Illi
nois
38
-33B
-1
Indi
ana
35-5
0-2-
7.1,
-8
35-5
0-2-
10
Iow
a 90
2.8,
9
Kan
sas
21-4
504
Ken
tuck
y 53
2.08
0
reci
dvir
tr to
enh
ance
d &mi#
rrr c
oner
or
habi
tual
cri
mia
ab o
n o
mitt
edfr
omth
e ta
ble.
)
Sta
tuto
ry p
rovi
sion
(S
tatu
tory
pm
viri
o~m
e su
mm
ariw
d or
par
aphr
ased
)
Prov
ides
for
enh
ance
d pe
nalti
es f
or p
erso
ns c
onvi
cted
for
the
thir
d tim
e of
enu
mer
ated
ser
ious
fel
onie
s (m
anda
tory
lie
impr
ison
men
t if
deat
h is
not
im
pose
d) o
r fo
r th
e fo
urth
tim
e of
any
fel
ony
offe
nse
(up
to l
ife
impr
ison
men
t).
Prov
ides
for
enh
ance
d se
nten
ces
up t
o li
fe im
pris
onm
ent f
or p
erso
ns
conv
icte
d fo
r th
e th
ird
time
of f
elon
y of
fens
es.
Prov
ides
for
enh
ance
d pe
nalti
es (
up to
lif
e w
ithou
t par
ole)
for
hab
itual
fe
lony
off
ende
rs (
two
or m
ore
prev
ious
fel
onie
s) a
nd h
abitu
al v
iole
nt
felo
ny o
ffen
ders
(pr
evio
us v
iole
nt f
elon
y co
nvic
tion)
. R
equi
res
law
en
forc
emen
t age
ncie
s to
em
ploy
enh
ance
d la
w e
nfor
cem
ent
man
agem
ent e
ffor
ts a
nd r
esou
rces
for
inv
estig
atio
n, a
ppre
hens
ion
and
pros
ecut
ion
of c
aree
r cr
imin
als.
Prov
ides
that
per
sons
con
vict
ed o
f fo
urth
fel
ony
mus
t be
give
n m
axim
um term
and
cann
ot b
e pa
role
d.
Prov
ides
for
enh
ance
d se
nten
ces
(up
to 3
0 ye
ars
impr
ison
men
t) fo
r pe
rson
s w
ith p
rior
fel
onie
s w
ithin
spe
cifi
ed p
erio
ds,
depe
ndin
g on
the
se
riou
snes
s of
the
char
ged
offe
nse
and
the
num
ber
of p
rior
fel
ony
conv
icti
ons.
Prov
ides
for
enh
ance
d pe
nalti
es (
up to
lif
e) f
or p
ersi
sten
t off
ende
rs
(tw
o or
mor
e pr
evio
us f
elon
ies)
and
pro
fess
iona
l cr
imin
als.
Est
ablis
hes
a ca
reer
cri
min
al p
rose
cutio
n pr
ogra
m to
pro
vide
ad
ditio
nal f
inan
cial
and
tec
hnic
al r
esou
rces
for
the
pro
secu
tion
of
pers
ons
with
pri
or c
onvi
ctio
ns o
f de
sign
ated
typ
es w
ithin
spe
cifi
ed
peri
ods.
Prov
ides
for
man
dato
ry p
riso
n te
rms
of f
ive
year
s to
lif
e fo
r pe
rsis
tent
vi
olat
ors
-per
sons
who
hav
e th
ree
or m
ore
felo
ny c
onvi
ctio
ns.
Prov
ides
for
man
dato
ry li
fe t
erm
s, i
f de
ath
pena
lty i
s no
t im
pose
d, f
or
pers
ons
who
com
mit
viol
ent o
ffen
ses
and
who
hav
e tw
o or
mor
e pr
ior
conv
ictio
ns f
or v
iole
nt o
ffen
ses
with
in 2
0 ye
ars.
Prov
ides
for
add
ing
eigh
t to
30
yea
rs t
o no
rmal
sen
tenc
es f
or h
abitu
al
felo
ny o
ffen
ders
who
hav
e tw
o or
mor
e pr
ior
felo
ny c
onvi
ctio
ns,
depe
ndin
g on
the
cri
me
char
ged,
the
natu
re o
f th
e pr
evio
us o
ffen
ses
and
the
time
peri
od d
urin
g w
hich
they
wer
e co
mm
itted
.
Prov
ides
for
enh
ance
d te
rms
of t
hree
to e
ight
add
ition
al y
ears
for
ha
bitu
al d
rug
offe
nder
s -th
ose
with
two
or m
ore
drug
off
ense
co
nvic
tions
with
in s
peci
fied
per
iods
.
Prov
ides
for
man
dato
ry m
inim
um p
riso
n te
rms
for
pers
ons
conv
icte
d of
des
igna
ted
felo
nies
who
hav
e tw
o or
mor
e fe
lony
con
vict
ions
.
Prov
ides
for
sen
tenc
es o
f up
to tw
ice
the
pres
crib
ed m
inim
um a
nd
max
imum
sen
tenc
es fo
r pe
rson
s co
nvic
ted
for
the
seco
nd ti
me
for
a fe
lony
off
ense
and
for
up
to th
ree
times
the
pres
crib
ed m
inim
um a
nd
max
imum
for
per
sons
con
vict
ed o
f th
ree
or m
ore
felo
nies
.
Prov
ides
for
enh
ance
d pr
ison
ter
ms
for
pers
iste
nt f
elon
y of
fend
ers
-th
ose
who
hav
e on
e or
mor
e pr
ior
felo
ny c
onvi
ctio
ns w
ithin
spe
cifi
ed
peri
ods.
Se
nten
ces r
ange
fro
m th
e ne
xt h
ighe
st d
egre
e of
off
ense
to
life,
dep
endi
ng o
n th
e se
riou
snes
s of
the
pre
sent
off
ense
and
the
nu
mbe
r of
pri
or f
elon
ies.
Stat
utes
Req
uiri
ng th
e U
se o
f Cri
min
al H
isto
ry R
ecor
d In
form
atio
n T
able
5
37
Tabl
e 5
(con
t.)
Sta
tute
s au
thor
izin
g se
nten
cing
of
pers
iste
nt r
ecid
ivis
ts t
o
enha
nced
ter
ms
as c
aree
r cr
imin
ais
or
habi
tual
cri
min
als
(N
ote:
Sta
tar
whi
ch do
not
Sta
te
Lou
isia
na
Mai
ne
Mar
ylan
d
Mas
sach
uset
ts
Mic
higa
n
Min
neso
ta
Mis
siss
ippi
Mis
sour
i
Mon
tana
Neb
rask
a
have
stat
utes
aut
hori
zing
sent
enci
ng o
f
Cit
atio
n
15:529.1
29-2292
27-643B
279-25
66-40
769.10,11, 12
609.152
99-19-81
558.016, 019
558.018
46-18-501,503
29-2221
pers
iste
nt r
ecid
ivis
tx to
enh
ance
d te
rn ax
car
eer
or habirual
crim
innl
t me
omin
edfi
om th
e ta
ble.
)
Sta
tuto
ry p
rovi
sio
n
(Sta
tuto
ry pm
visi
onr are
sum
mar
imd
orpa
raph
raxe
d.)
Prov
ides
for
enh
ance
d se
nten
ces
up to
lif
e w
itho
ut p
arol
e fo
r fe
lony
.
offe
nder
s w
ith p
rior
fel
ony
conv
icti
ons,
dep
endi
ng o
n th
e nu
mbe
r an
d na
ture
of
the
prio
r of
fens
es.
Hab
itua
l mot
or v
ehic
le o
ffen
ders
. P
rovi
des
for
revo
cati
on o
f li
cens
e fo
r pe
rson
s w
ith t
hree
or
mor
e se
riou
s vi
olat
ions
wit
hin
five
yea
rs.
Prov
ides
for
a m
anda
tory
ter
m o
f 25
year
s fo
r a
pers
on c
onvi
cted
of
a cr
ime
of v
iole
nce
who
has
tw
o pr
ior
conv
icti
ons
for
crim
es o
f vi
olen
ce a
nd w
ho h
as s
erve
d at
leas
t one
ter
m o
f im
pr&
onm
ent f
or
such
cri
mes
; and
for
a m
anda
tory
lif
e te
rm w
itho
ut p
arol
e fo
r a
pers
on
conv
icte
d of
a c
rim
e of
vio
lenc
e w
ho h
as s
erve
d th
ree
prio
r pr
ison
te
rms
afte
r co
nvic
tion
s fo
r cr
imes
of
viol
ence
.
Prov
ides
for
man
dato
ry m
axim
um p
riso
n te
rms
for
pers
ons
conv
icte
d of
fel
onie
s w
ho h
ave
been
con
vict
ed a
nd s
ente
nced
for
fel
onie
s at
leas
t tw
ice
befo
re.
Prov
ides
for
pri
son
term
s of
up
to 20
year
s fo
r ha
bitu
al la
rcen
y of
fend
ers.
Pro
vide
s fo
r en
hanc
ed p
riso
n te
rms
up t
o li
fe i
mpr
ison
men
t for
fel
ony
offe
nder
s w
ho h
ave
prio
r fe
lony
con
vict
ions
, dep
endi
ng o
n th
e se
riou
snes
s of
the
new
off
ense
and
the
num
ber
of p
rior
fel
ony
conv
icti
ons.
Prov
ides
for
judg
es t
o de
part
fro
m s
ente
ncin
g gu
idel
ines
and
impo
se
aggr
avat
ed s
ente
nces
for
dang
erou
s of
fend
ers
(cha
rged
with
a v
iole
nt
crim
e an
d tw
o or
mor
e pr
ior
conv
icti
ons
for
viol
ent c
rim
es)
and
care
er
offe
nder
s (c
harg
ed w
ith a
vio
lent
cri
me
and
four
or
mor
e pr
ior
conv
icti
ons
for
viol
ent
crim
es).
Prov
ides
for
man
dato
ry p
riso
n te
rms
up t
o li
fe w
itho
ut p
arol
e fo
r pe
rson
s w
ho a
re c
onvi
cted
of
felo
nies
and
who
hav
e tw
o or
mor
e pr
ior
felo
ny w
nvic
tion
s fo
r w
hich
they
wer
e se
nten
ced
to p
riso
n te
rms
of a
ye
ar o
r m
ore.
Prov
ides
for
enh
ance
d pr
ison
ter
ms
with
lim
ited
par
ole
elig
ibil
ity
for
felo
ny o
ffen
ders
who
are
adj
udge
d to
be
prio
r of
fend
ers
(one
pri
or
felo
ny c
onvi
ctio
n), p
ersi
sten
t of
fend
ers
(tw
o or
mor
e pr
ior
felo
ny
conv
icti
ons)
, dan
gero
us o
ffen
ders
(ch
arge
d w
ith
a da
nger
ous
felo
ny
and
has
a pr
ior
conv
icti
on fo
r a
seri
ous
or d
ange
rous
fel
ony)
and
cla
ss
X o
ffen
ders
(th
ree
or m
ore
prio
r fe
lony
con
vict
ions
).
Prov
ides
for
man
dato
ry p
riso
n te
rms
of 30
year
s w
itho
ut p
arol
e or
pr
obat
ion
for
pers
ons
conv
icte
d of
enu
mer
ated
sex
ual
offe
nses
who
ha
ve o
ne o
r m
ore
prev
ious
con
vict
ions
for
suc
h of
fens
es.
Pro
vide
s fo
r se
nten
cing
of
pers
ons
char
ged
wit
h fe
loni
es w
ho h
ave
prio
r fe
lony
con
vict
ions
wit
hin
five
yea
rs a
s pe
rsis
tent
fel
ony
offe
nder
s.
Off
ende
rs re
ceiv
e m
anda
tory
min
imum
jail
ter
ms
that
ca
nnot
be
susp
ende
d, d
epen
ding
on
the
num
ber
of p
rior
fel
ony
conv
icti
ons.
Prov
ides
for
man
dato
ry m
inim
um te
rm o
f 10
year
s fo
r pe
rson
s co
nvic
ted
of f
elon
ies
who
hav
e tw
o or
mor
e pr
ior
conv
icti
ons
and
pris
on t
erm
s fo
r fe
loni
es.
38
Tab
le 5
Stat
utes
Req
uiri
ng t
he U
se o
f C
rim
i'nal
His
tory
Rec
ord
Info
rmat
ion
Tabl
e 5 (
cont
.)S
tatu
tes
auth
oriz
ing
sent
enci
ng o
f pe
rsis
tent
rec
ldlv
lsts
to
enha
nced
term
s as
car
eer
crim
inal
s or
hab
itual
crl
mln
als
((
Not
e: S
tate
a w
hich
do
not h
ave
stat
utes
aut
hori
zing
sen
tenc
ing
ofpe
rsis
tent
rec
idiv
ists
to e
nhan
ced
tenn
r as
care
er o
r ha
bitu
al c
rim
i~lsa
re o
mitt
edfr
om th
e ta
ble.
)
Sta
tuto
ry p
rovi
sion
(S
tatu
tory
prov
isio
m m
e su
mm
ariu
d or
pmap
hm
rrd.
)
Sta
te
Cita
tion
Nev
ada
207.010
New
Ham
pshi
re
159:3-a
New
Jer
sey
2c:44-3
New
Mex
ico
31-18-17
31-18-18
31-18-19
New
Yor
k C
r. P
roc.
Law
Ej 400.16;
Pen.
L
aw Ej
70.01.
Nor
th C
arol
ina
14-7.1
et seq.
Nor
th D
akot
a 12.1-32-09
Ohi
o 2950.99
Okl
ahom
a 21-51
Ore
gon
161.725
Pen
nsyl
vani
a 42-9721
Puer
to R
ico
33-3375
Rho
de I
slan
d 11-41-24
12-19-21
Sou
th C
arol
ina
17-25-45
Prov
ides
for
man
dato
ry p
riso
n te
rms
of 10
to 20
year
s fo
r pe
rson
s w
nvic
ted
of f
raud
, the
ft o
r an
y fe
lony
who
hav
e tw
o pr
ior
felo
ny
wnv
icti
ons
or t
hree
pri
or f
raud
or
larc
eny
conv
icti
ons,
and
lif
e fo
r pe
rson
s w
ith t
hree
pri
or f
elon
ies
or f
ive
prio
r fr
aud
or la
rcen
y co
nvic
tion
s.
Prov
ides
for
man
dato
ry p
riso
n te
rm o
f 10
to 4
0 ye
ars
for
arm
ed c
aree
r cr
imin
als,
per
sons
who
hav
e th
ree
or m
ore
viol
ent
dang
erou
s fe
lony
co
nvic
tion
s an
d w
ho a
re c
onvi
cted
of
owni
ng o
r po
sses
sing
a f
irea
rm.
Prov
ides
for
enh
ance
d se
nten
ces
for
pers
iste
nt o
ffen
ders
(tw
o pr
ior
wnv
icti
ons,
at
leas
t one
with
in 10
year
s) a
nd p
erso
ns w
ho h
ave
at
leas
t one
pri
or c
onvi
ctio
n fo
r a
felo
ny c
omm
itte
d w
ith a
fir
earm
.
Prov
ides
for
fel
ony
sent
ence
s to
be
incr
ease
d by
one
yea
r fo
r on
e pr
ior
felo
ny c
onvi
ctio
n, b
y fo
ur y
ears
for
tw
o pr
ior
felo
ny c
onvi
ctio
ns, a
nd
by e
ight
yea
rs f
or t
hree
or
mor
e pr
ior
felo
ny c
onvi
ctio
ns.
Req
uire
s la
w e
nfor
cem
ent o
ffic
ials
to r
epor
t to
the
dist
rict
atto
rney
if
they
kno
w t
hat
a w
nvic
ted
pers
on i
s a
habi
tual
off
ende
r.
Req
uire
s di
stri
ct a
ttorn
ey t
o fi
le i
nfor
mat
ion
if h
e le
arns
that
a
conv
icte
d pe
rson
is
a ha
bitu
al c
rim
inal
.
Pro
vide
s fo
r en
hanc
ed s
ente
nces
for
per
sist
ent
viol
ent
felo
ny
offe
nder
s -p
erso
ns c
onvi
cted
of
a vi
olen
t fe
lony
who
hav
e tw
o or
m
ore
prev
ious
con
vict
ions
for
vio
lent
fel
onie
s.
Prov
ides
for
man
dato
ry p
riso
n te
rms
of a
t le
ast 14
year
s fo
r pe
rson
s co
nvic
ted
of f
elon
y of
fens
es w
ho h
ave
thre
e o
r m
ore
prio
r fe
lony
co
nvic
tion
s.
Prov
ides
for
enh
ance
d pr
ison
term
s of
10
year
s to
lif
e fo
r da
nger
ous
spec
ial o
ffen
ders
-th
ose
who
hav
e tw
o pr
ior
conv
icti
ons
for
clas
s B
or
abov
e fe
loni
es o
r on
e su
ch f
elon
y co
nvic
tion
and
tw
o ot
her
felo
ny
conv
icti
ons.
Prov
ides
for
pun
ishm
ent a
s fo
urth
deg
ree
felo
n of
per
sons
con
vict
ed
two
or m
ore
times
of
enum
erat
ed s
ex o
ffen
ses.
Prov
ides
for
man
dato
ry p
riso
n te
rms
of u
p to
20
year
s of
per
sons
co
nvic
ted
of f
elon
ies
who
hav
e pr
evio
us f
elon
y co
nvic
tion
, dep
endi
ng
on t
he n
umbe
r of
pri
or f
elon
ies
and
the
seri
ousn
ess
of t
he n
ew o
ffen
se.
Prov
ides
for
pri
son
term
of
up to
30
year
s fo
r da
nger
ous
offe
nder
s ba
sed
in p
art
upon
pre
viou
s fe
lony
wnv
icti
ons.
Sent
enci
ng g
uide
line
s. P
rovi
des
for
exte
nded
sen
tenc
es b
ased
upo
n se
riou
snes
s of
the
char
ged
offe
nse
and
num
ber
and
seri
ousn
ess o
f pr
ior
conv
icti
ons.
Prov
ides
for
man
dato
ry p
riso
n te
rm o
f 20 t
o 99
yea
rs f
or a
ny p
erso
n co
nvic
ted
of a
fel
ony
who
has
tw
o or
mor
e pr
ior
felo
ny c
onvi
ctio
ns.
Prov
ides
for
man
dato
ry p
riso
n te
rm a
nd F
ines
for
per
sons
con
vict
ed
thre
e or
mor
e ti
mes
of
larc
eny,
sho
plif
ting
or
rece
ivin
g st
olen
goo
ds.
Prov
ides
for
man
dato
ry te
rm o
f up
to 25
year
s fo
r pe
rson
s co
nvic
ted
and
sent
ence
d fo
r fe
loni
es w
ho h
ave
two
or m
ore
prev
ious
fel
ony
conv
icti
ons
and
sent
ence
s.
Prov
ides
for
sen
tenc
e of
lif
e w
itho
ut p
arol
e fo
r an
y pe
rson
con
vict
ed
for
the
thir
d tim
e of
a c
rim
e of
vio
lenc
e.
-
Stat
utes
Req
uiri
ng th
e U
se o
f Cri
min
al H
isto
ry R
ecor
d In
form
atio
n T
able
5
39
Tabl
e 5 (
cont
.)
Sta
tute
s au
thor
izin
g se
nten
cing
of
pers
iste
nt r
ecid
ivis
ts to
en
hanc
ed te
rms
as c
aree
r cr
imin
als
or h
abitu
al c
rim
inal
s
(Not
e: S
tate
s w
hich
do
nor
Sta
te
Sou
th D
akot
a
Ten
ness
ee
Tex
as
Uta
h
Ver
mon
t
Vir
gin
Isla
nds
Vir
gini
a
Was
hing
ton
Wes
t V
irgi
nia
have
st
am
auth
oriz
ing
sent
enci
ng o
f
Cit
atio
n
22-7-7
et seq.
39-6-417
40-35-106
Pen.
Cod
e 0 12.42
Pen.
Cod
e 0 12.43
76-3-407
76-3-408
76-8-1001,1002
13-11
14-61
19-612, 614
19.2-297
9.92.090
61-11-18
et s
eq.
62-8-4
pers
iste
nt re
cidi
vist
x to
enh
ance
d te
rms
pr
care
er o
r ha
bitu
al c
rim
inal
s w
e o
min
edfm
m t
he t
able
.)
Sta
tuto
ry p
rovi
sio
n
(Sta
tuto
ry p
rovi
rion
r are
sum
mar
ized
or p
arap
hras
ed.)
Pro
vide
s fo
r en
hanc
ed s
ente
nces
for
per
sons
con
vict
ed o
f fe
loni
es w
ho
have
pri
or f
elon
y co
nvic
tion
s, d
epen
ding
on
num
ber
and
seri
ousn
ess
of p
rior
fel
onie
s.
Prov
ides
for
sen
tenc
ing
as a
cla
ss X
fel
on o
f an
y pe
rson
fou
nd to
be
a ha
bitu
al d
rug
offe
nder
, bas
ed u
pon
num
ber
and
seri
ousn
ess
of p
rior
dr
ug c
onvi
ctio
ns.
Prov
ides
for
enh
ance
d se
nten
ces
of p
erso
ns f
ound
to b
e pe
rsis
tent
of
fend
ers,
bas
ed u
pon
num
ber,
ser
ious
ness
and
tim
e fr
ame
of p
rior
fe
lony
co
nvic
tion
s.
Pro
vide
s fo
r m
anda
tory
term
s up
to
life
for
per
sons
con
vict
ed o
f fe
loni
es w
ho h
ave
prev
ious
fel
ony
conv
icti
ons,
dep
endi
ng o
n th
e nu
mbe
r of
pri
or c
onvi
ctio
ns.
Prov
ides
for
man
dato
ry ja
il t
erm
s of
rep
eat
and
habi
tual
mis
dem
eano
r of
fend
ers,
dep
endi
ng o
n th
e nu
mbe
r an
d se
riou
snes
s of
pri
or o
ffen
ses.
Prov
ides
for
enh
ance
d se
nten
ces
for
habi
tual
sex
off
ende
rs -
thre
e ad
diti
onal
yea
rs f
or e
ach
prio
r fe
lony
sex
off
ense
.
Prov
ides
for
man
dato
ry s
ente
nce
of l
ife
wit
hout
par
ole
for
pers
ons
co
nvic
ted
for
thii
d ti
me
of f
elon
y se
x of
fens
es.
Prov
ides
for
an
enha
nced
pri
son
term
of
five
yea
rs t
o li
fe f
or p
erso
ns
conv
icte
d of
fel
onie
s w
ho h
ave
two
or m
ore
prio
r fe
lony
con
vict
ions
, de
pend
ing
on t
he n
umbe
r an
d se
riou
snes
s of
the
pri
or o
ffen
ses.
Prov
ides
for
life
term
for
any
per
son
conv
icte
d fo
r th
e fo
urth
tim
e of
a
felo
ny.
Pro
vide
s fo
r en
hanc
ed te
rms
of i
mpr
ison
men
t of
pers
ons
conv
icte
d of
fe
loni
es o
r m
isde
mea
nors
who
hav
e pr
ior
conv
icti
ons,
the
len
gth
of
the
pris
on t
erm
s de
pend
ing
on th
e nu
mbe
r an
d se
riou
snes
s of
the
pri
or
offe
nses
and
the
ser
ious
ness
of
the
new
off
ense
.
Prov
ides
for
man
dato
ry p
riso
n te
rm o
f 20
year
s to
lif
e fo
r a
pers
on
conv
icte
d of
dru
g of
fens
es a
s a
cont
inui
ng c
rim
inal
ent
erpr
ise
if th
e
pers
on h
as a
pri
or c
onvi
ctio
n fo
r su
ch d
rug
offe
nses
as
a co
ntin
uing
cr
imin
al e
nter
pris
e.
Prov
ides
for
man
dato
ry ja
il t
erm
for
per
son
conv
icte
d fo
r se
cond
tim
e
of l
arce
ny a
nd f
or p
unis
hmen
t as
a cl
ass 6
felo
ny f
or p
erso
n co
nvic
ted
of
lar
ceny
for
a th
iid
tim
e.
Prov
ides
for
man
dato
ry p
riso
n te
rms
of 10
year
s to
lif
e fo
r pe
rson
s
conv
icte
d of
fra
ud, l
arce
ny o
r an
y fe
lony
who
hav
e pr
evio
us
conv
icti
ons
for
such
off
ense
s, d
epen
ding
upo
n th
e nu
mbe
r an
d na
ture
of
the
pri
or o
ffen
ses.
Prov
ides
tha
t a
pers
on c
onvi
cted
of
a fe
lony
sha
ll r
ecei
ve a
n ad
diti
onal
fi
ve y
ears
if
he h
as a
pri
or f
elon
y co
nvic
tion
and
sha
ll r
ecei
ve a
lif
e
sent
ence
if h
e ha
s tw
o or
mor
e pr
ior
felo
nies
Pro
vide
s th
at if
a p
riso
ner
is r
ecei
ved
at a
sta
te p
riso
n an
d th
e w
arde
n
know
s th
at t
he p
erso
n ha
s a
prio
r fe
lony
rec
ord
but
has
not
been
se
nten
ced
as a
rep
eat o
r ha
bitu
al o
ffen
der,
he
shal
l not
ify
the
cour
t and
th
e co
urt
shal
l dir
ect
that
an
info
rmat
ion
be f
iled.
40
Tab
le 5
St
atut
es R
equi
ring
the
Use
of C
rim
inal
His
tory
Rec
ord
Info
rmat
ion
Stat
utes
Req
uiri
ng th
e U
se o
f Cri
min
al H
isto
ry R
ecor
d In
form
atio
n
Tabl
e 5 (
cont
.)S
tatu
tes
auth
oriz
ing
sent
enci
ng o
f pe
rsis
tent
rec
idiv
ists
to
enha
nced
term
s as
car
eer
crim
inal
s or
hab
itual
cri
min
als
(Not
e: S
tate
s w
hich
& n
ot h
ave
stat
utes
aut
hori
zing
sent
enci
ng o
fper
sist
ent
reci
divi
sts
to e
nhan
ced
tern
ry c
aree
r or h
obilu
crlc
rin&
ala
we
omrm
rtte
dfm
mhta
ble.
)
Tabl
e 5
41
Sta
te
Wis
cons
in
Wyo
min
g
Cita
tion
351.
02 e
t se
q.
939.
62;
973.
12
6-10
-201
, 20
3
Sta
tuto
ry p
rovi
sion
(Statutory
pm
visi
ow
me
sum
mar
ized
orpm
aphm
sed.
)
Pro
vide
s fo
r se
nten
cing
of
repe
at h
abit
ual t
raff
ic o
ffen
ders
.
Prov
ides
for
enh
ance
d pr
ison
ter
ms
(up
to 1
0 ad
diti
onal
yea
rs)
for
any
pers
on w
ith
a pr
ior
felo
ny c
onvi
ctio
n w
ithi
n fi
ve y
ears
or
thre
e pr
ior
mis
dem
eano
r co
nvic
tion
s w
ithi
n fi
ve y
ears
.
Pro
vide
s fo
r m
anda
tory
term
s of
10
to 5
0 ye
ars
for
any
pers
on
conv
icte
d of
a v
iole
nt f
elon
y w
ho h
as t
wo
prio
r fe
lony
con
vict
ions
. an
d li
fe i
mpr
ison
men
t for
any
per
son
conv
icte
d of
a v
iole
nt f
elon
y w
ho h
as t
hree
or
mor
e pr
ior
felo
ny c
onvi
ctio
ns.
Tabl
e 6
S
tatu
tes
that
req
uire
or
perm
it co
nsid
erat
ion
of p
rio
r cr
imin
al h
isto
ry
in d
ecis
ions
con
cern
ing
prob
atio
n
(Not
e: S
tate
s w
hich
do
not h
ave
of p
rior
cri
min
al h
isto
ry in
dec
uion
v co
ncer
ning
pro
batio
n ar
e om
ined
fror
n th
e ta
ble.
)st
atut
es th
at r
equi
re o
r per
mit
co~
~d
era
tio
rc
Sta
te
Cit
atio
n
Uni
ted
Stat
es (
Fede
ral)
18
-356
2(a)
Ala
bam
a 15
-22-
51
Ala
ska
12.5
5.00
5,.0
15
Ari
zona
13
-604
13-6
04.0
1
13-6
04.0
2
13-1
406.
01
13-3
407
et s
eq.
Ark
ansa
s 16
-93-
303
16-9
3-30
4
Cal
ifor
nia
Pen.
Cod
e 3
1203
(e)(
4), (
6)
Col
orad
o 16
-1 1
-201
Flo
rida
9
48
.01
Geo
rgia
42
-8-3
4
42-8
-60
Sta
tuto
ry p
rovi
sio
n
(Sta
hdor
y pro
vuio
lu are s
wv
~r
iudo
rpar
aphr
ased
.)
Req
uire
s co
urts
to c
onsi
der d
efen
dant
's p
rior
cri
min
al h
isto
ry i
n de
cidi
ng w
heth
er t
o im
pose
a t
erm
of
prob
atio
n an
d in
det
erm
inin
g th
e le
ngth
and
con
diti
ons
of t
he p
roba
tion
ary
term
.
Prov
ides
that
a c
ourt
may
not
pla
ce a
def
enda
nt o
n pr
obat
ion
wit
hout
or
deri
ng a
pro
batio
n of
fice
r to
pre
pare
a r
epor
t in
clud
ing,
am
ong
othe
r th
ings
, th
e de
fend
ant's
cri
min
al h
isto
ry.
Aut
hori
zes
cour
t to
impo
se p
riso
n te
rm o
r pr
obat
ion
depe
ndin
g up
on,
amon
g ot
her
thin
gs, t
he p
rior
cri
min
al h
isto
ry o
f th
e de
fend
ant.
Lim
its
or d
enie
s pr
obat
ion
elig
ibil
ity
for
cert
ain
dang
erou
s an
d re
peti
tive
off
ende
rs, d
epen
ding
upo
n th
e na
ture
of
the
offe
nse
and
the
defe
ndan
t's p
rior
cri
min
al h
isto
ry.
Lim
its o
r de
nies
pro
batio
n el
igib
ilit
y fo
r pe
rson
s co
nvic
ted
of
dang
erou
s cr
imes
aga
inst
chi
ldre
n.
Den
ies
prob
atio
n fo
r pe
rson
s co
nvic
ted
of f
elon
y of
fens
es w
hile
on
prob
atio
n, p
arol
e, w
ork
rele
ase
or a
ny o
ther
for
m o
f re
leas
e or
esc
ape.
Den
ies
prob
atio
n fo
r a
pers
on c
onvi
cted
of
sexu
al a
ssau
lt o
f a
spou
se
who
has
a p
rior
con
vict
ion
for
the
sam
e of
fens
e.
Prov
ides
for
pro
batio
n fo
r ce
rtai
n dr
ug o
ffen
ders
who
hav
e no
pri
or
felo
ny c
onvi
ctio
ns a
nd l
imit
s or
den
ies
prob
atio
n el
igib
ilit
y fo
r pe
rson
s w
ith p
rior
con
vict
ions
.
Prov
ides
for
pro
batio
n fo
r co
nvic
ted
pers
ons
who
hav
e no
pri
or f
elon
y co
nvic
tion
s.
Req
uire
s ju
dges
to
quer
y th
e S
tate
cri
min
al h
isto
ry r
epos
itor
y to
co
nfir
m f
irst
off
ende
r st
atus
pri
or t
o gr
antin
g pr
obat
ion
unde
r 3
303
and
to r
epor
t an
y or
der
of p
roba
tion
to t
he r
epos
itor
y. A
lso
requ
ires
th
e re
posi
tory
to
noti
fy a
sen
tenc
ing
cour
t if
it d
eter
min
es t
hat
an
offe
nder
has
bee
n gr
ante
d fi
rst
offe
nder
pro
bati
on m
ore
than
onc
e.
Den
ies
prob
atio
n to
per
sons
with
tw
o or
mor
e pr
ior
felo
ny
conv
icti
ons
or w
ith a
ny p
rior
fel
ony
conv
icti
on if
the
pre
sent
off
ense
is
a v
iole
nt fe
lony
or
invo
lved
the
use
of
a de
adly
wea
pon,
exc
ept
in
unus
ual c
ases
whe
re t
he i
nter
ests
of
just
ice
wou
ld b
est
be s
erve
d by
gr
anti
ng p
roba
tion
.
Den
ies
prob
atio
n fo
r an
y of
fend
er w
ith t
wo
or m
ore
prio
r fe
lony
co
nvic
tions
or
with
one
pri
or f
elon
y w
ho i
s co
nvic
ted
of a
cla
ss 1
, 2,
or 3
fel
ony.
Aut
hori
zes
prob
atio
n in
non
-cap
ital
cas
es,
and
requ
ires
the
cou
rt t
o or
der
an i
nves
tigat
ion
and
repo
rt b
y th
e D
epar
tmen
t of
Cor
rect
ions
w
hich
mus
t in
clud
e in
form
atio
n co
ncer
ning
the
def
enda
nt's
prio
r cr
imin
al h
isto
ry.
Aut
hori
zes
crim
inal
cou
rts
to g
rant
pro
batio
n to
con
vict
ed p
erso
ns i
n no
n-ca
pita
l ca
ses
and
auth
oriz
es th
e co
urts
to
orde
r th
e pr
obat
ion
supe
rvis
or t
o m
ake
an i
nves
tiga
tion
and
rep
ort
whi
ch m
ust
incl
ude
info
rmat
ion
conc
erni
ng th
e de
fend
ant's
pri
or c
rim
inal
his
tory
Aut
hori
zes
prob
atio
n be
fore
adj
udic
atio
n to
per
sons
with
no
prio
r fe
lony
con
vict
ions
, an
d re
quir
es t
he c
ourt
to o
btai
n a
crim
inal
his
tory
fr
om t
he S
tate
cri
min
al re
cord
rep
osito
ry p
rior
to
sent
enci
ng u
nder
thi
s se
ctio
n.
Tab
le 6
St
atut
es R
equi
ring
the
Use
of C
rim
inal
His
tory
Rec
ord
Info
rmat
ion
Stat
utes
Req
uiri
ng t
he U
se o
f Cri
min
al H
isto
ry R
ecor
d In
form
atio
n
Stat
utor
y p
rovi
sion
(S
tonu
ory
pro
viri
oru
are
sum
mar
ized
or p
arap
hras
ed.)
son
term
or
the
Tab
le 6
14:98
14:106.1
15:529.1G
Kit
s or
pro
hibi
ts p
roba
tion
for
pers
ons
conv
icte
d fo
r a
seco
nd o
r su
bseq
uent
tim
e of
dri
ving
whi
le i
ntox
icat
ed.
Proh
ibits
pro
batio
n fo
r a
pers
on c
onvi
cted
of
prom
otio
n of
obs
cene
de
vice
s fo
r a
seco
nd o
r su
bseq
uent
tim
e.
Proh
ibits
pro
batio
n fo
r pe
rson
s se
nten
ced
unde
r th
e ha
bitu
al o
ffen
ders
la
w.
Tabl
e 6
(con
t.)
Sta
tute
s th
at r
equi
re o
r pe
rmit
cons
ider
atio
n of
pri
or c
rim
inal
his
tory
in
dec
isio
ns
conc
erni
ng p
roba
tlon
(N
ote:
Sta
tu w
hich
do
mt h
ave sa
tides
tha
t req
uire
or p
erm
it co
d&ra
twn
of p
rior
cri
min
al &
tory
in
&cu
ww
~on
cem
~rc
g ar
e om
itte
dfro
m th
e ta
ble.
)pm
batw
n
Sta
te
Clt
atio
n
Lou
isia
na (
cont
.)
Cod
e C
rim
. Pr
oc.
art.
894.
1 B
(7)
Mar
ylan
d 27
-641
(a)(
3)
Mas
sach
uset
ts
94C
-32H
276-
87
Mic
higa
n 33
3.74
1 l(
1)
333.
7413
Mis
siss
ippi
47
-7-3
3
99-1
9-81
Mis
sour
i 21
7.76
0
549.
371
Mon
tana
46
-18-
101
46-1
8-20
1(6)
Neb
rask
a 29
-226
01
Nev
ada
176.
135,
145
New
Jer
sey
2C:4
4-1
New
Yor
k C
r. P
roc.
Law
8 3
90.2
0, .
30
Nor
th C
arol
ina
14-2
.1
Sta
tuto
ry p
rovi
sion
(S
taw
ry pm
viP
iow
are s
um
wm
iud
or p
arap
hras
ed)
Prov
ides
that
fac
tors
fav
orin
g pr
obat
ion
shal
l inc
lude
the
abs
ence
of
a
prio
r cr
imin
al o
r ju
veni
le r
ecor
d.
Proh
ibits
pro
batio
n pr
ior
to ju
dgm
ent
for
seco
nd o
r su
bseq
uent
co
ntro
lled
dang
erou
s su
bsta
nces
off
ense
s.
Proh
ibits
pro
batio
n fo
r pe
rson
s co
nvic
ted
of c
erta
in dru
g of
fens
es f
or
the
seco
nd o
r su
bseq
uent
tim
e.
Proh
ibits
pro
batio
n fo
r pe
rson
s co
nvic
ted
for
the
seco
nd o
r su
bseq
uent
tim
e of
enu
mer
ated
sex
off
ense
s ag
ains
t chi
ldre
n.
Prov
ides
for
pro
batio
n w
ithou
t jud
gmen
t fo
r pe
rson
s co
nvic
ted
of d
rug
po
sses
sion
who
hav
e no
pri
or c
onvi
ctio
ns f
or d
rug
offe
nses
.
Proh
ibits
pro
batio
n fo
r pe
rson
s co
nvic
ted
of e
num
erat
ed d
rug
offe
nses
fo
r a
seco
nd o
r su
bseq
uent
tim
e.
Aut
hori
zes
prob
atio
n ex
cept
in
capi
tal c
ases
and
for
any
per
son
with
a
prio
r fe
lony
con
vict
ion.
Proh
ibits
pro
batio
n fo
r pe
rson
s se
nten
ced
unde
r th
e ha
bitu
al c
rim
inal
la
w.
Req
uire
s in
vest
igat
ion
and
repo
rt b
efor
e se
nten
cing
to
prob
atio
n in
fe
lony
and
cla
ss A
mis
dem
eano
r ca
ses,
suc
h re
port
to in
clud
e
info
rmat
ion
abou
t the
def
enda
nt's
pri
or c
rim
inal
rec
ord.
Aut
hori
zes
cour
ts to
ord
er i
nves
tigat
ion
and
repo
rt p
rior
to
gran
ting
of
prob
atio
n, s
uch
repo
rt to
inc
lude
the
defe
ndan
t's p
rior
cri
min
al r
ecor
d,
if a
ny.
Prov
ides
tha
t se
nten
ces
shal
l re
flec
t, am
ong
othe
r th
ings
, th
e
offe
nder
's c
rim
inal
his
tory
and
tha
t dan
gero
us h
abitu
al o
ffen
ders
sha
ll
be i
mpr
ison
ed ra
ther
tha
n gr
ante
d pr
obat
ion.
Proh
ibits
pro
batio
n fo
r an
y pe
rson
con
vict
ed o
f a
felo
ny w
ho h
as a
pr
ior
felo
ny c
onvi
ctio
n.
Aut
hori
zes
cour
ts to
gra
nt p
roba
tion
in c
ases
tha
t do
not
car
ry
man
dato
ry p
riso
n se
nten
ces
unle
ss t
he c
ourt
frn
ds t
hat p
riso
n is
ne
cess
ary
to p
rote
ct t
he p
ublic
hav
ing
rega
rd t
o, a
mon
g ot
her
thin
gs,
the
hist
ory
of t
he o
ffen
der.
Fur
ther
pro
vide
s th
at t
he a
bsen
ce o
f a
prio
r
crim
inal
or
juve
nile
his
tory
sha
ll be
a f
acto
r fa
vori
ng p
roba
tion.
Req
uire
s pr
esen
tenc
e re
port
s pr
ior
to g
rant
ing
of p
roba
tion
in f
elon
y
case
s, s
uch
repo
rts
to i
nclu
de a
ny p
rior
cri
min
al re
cord
of
the
de
fend
ant.
Prov
ides
that
cri
teri
a fo
r gr
antin
g pr
obat
ion
shal
l in
clud
e th
e ex
tent
an
d se
riou
snes
s of
the
def
enda
nt's
pri
or c
rim
inal
reco
rd a
nd p
rovi
des
fu
rthe
r th
at p
roba
tion
shal
l be
the
pres
umpt
ive
sent
ence
for
per
sons
co
nvic
ted
of l
ess
seri
ous
offe
nses
who
hav
e no
pre
viou
s co
nvic
tions
.
Prov
ides
that
a c
ourt
mus
t ord
er a
pre
sent
ence
repo
rt b
efor
e se
nten
cing
in
any
fel
ony
case
or
befo
re g
rant
ing
prob
atio
n in
a m
isde
mea
nor
ca
se, s
uch
repo
rt to
inc
lude
the
defe
ndan
t's p
rior
cri
min
al a
nd ju
veni
le
hist
ory.
Proh
ibits
pro
batio
n fo
r a
pers
on c
onvi
cted
of
a fe
lony
inv
olvi
ng u
se
of a
dea
dly
wea
pon
who
has
a p
rior
con
vict
ion
for
such
an
offe
nse.
Stat
utes
Req
uiri
ng th
e U
se of
Cri
min
al H
isto
ry R
ecor
d in
form
atio
n
Tabi
e 6
(co
nt.)
Sta
tute
s th
at r
equi
re o
r pe
rmit
cons
ider
atio
n of
pri
or c
rlmin
ai h
isto
ry
in d
ecis
ions
con
cern
ing
prob
atio
n
(No
te: Statas w
hich
&no
t hav
e s
tatu
~sth
at r
equi
re o
r pen
nit
cons
i&r&
n of
pri
or
crim
inal
history
in d
ecis
ions
con
cem
Mrc
g pro
batio
n ar
e o
mitt
edfr
om
the
tabl
e.)
Sta
te
Cit
atio
n
Nor
th C
arol
ina
(con
t.)
15A
- 134
1(a)
Nor
th D
akot
a 12
.1 -3
2-04
Ohi
o 29
5 1.
02
Pen
nsyl
vani
a 42
-972
1
Puer
to R
ico
24-2
404
34- 1
027
Sou
th C
arol
ina
24-2
1-4
20
44-5
3-37
0
44-5
3-45
0
Sou
th D
akot
a 23
A-2
7-5,
6
Ten
ness
ee
40-3
5-30
3
Tex
as
Cod
e C
rirn
. P
roc.
art
. 42.
12
89 6
.8
Ver
mon
t 28
-204
(a).
205
Vir
gini
a 19
.2-2
99
Was
hing
ton
9.95
.200
Wes
t V
irgi
nia
62-1
2-7
Sta
tuto
ry p
rovi
sion
(Staftuory
pro
visi
om
me
su
mm
ari
d o
rpar
qp
lvcr
ed.)
Aut
hori
zes
prob
atio
n in
cer
tain
non
-cap
ital
cas
es i
f th
e de
fend
ant h
as
not
prev
ious
ly b
een
conv
icte
d of
a f
elon
y or
a m
isde
mea
nor
invo
lvin
g m
oral
tur
pitu
de a
nd h
as n
ot p
revi
ousl
y be
en g
rant
ed p
roba
tion
.
Pro
vide
s th
at f
acto
rs f
avor
ing
prob
atio
n ra
ther
tha
n im
pris
onm
ent
shal
l inc
lude
the
abse
nce
of a
cri
min
al o
r ju
veni
le r
ecor
d.
Pro
vide
s th
at a
fac
tor
favo
ring
pro
bati
on s
hall
be
the
abse
nce
of a
cr
imin
al o
r ju
veni
le r
ecor
d, t
hat
a fa
ctor
fav
orin
g de
nyin
g pr
obat
ion
shal
l be
a p
revi
ous
viol
atio
n of
pro
bati
on o
r pa
role
, an
d th
at
prob
atio
n sh
all b
e pr
ohib
ited
for
rep
eat
or d
ange
rous
off
ende
rs.
Set
s ou
t se
nten
cing
gui
deli
nes
that
spe
cify
sen
tenc
e ra
nges
, in
clud
ing
prob
atio
n, b
ased
upo
n th
e se
riou
snes
s of
the
off
ense
cha
rged
and
the
ex
tent
of
the
offe
nder
's p
rior
cri
min
al re
cord
.
Aut
hori
zes
prob
atio
n fo
r pe
rson
s co
nvic
ted
of d
rug
poss
essi
on f
or t
he
firs
t ti
me.
Prov
ides
for
pro
bati
on in
enu
mer
ated
felo
ny a
nd m
isde
mea
nor c
ases
if
the
defe
ndan
t has
no
prio
r fe
lony
con
vict
ion.
Pro
vide
s th
at i
f th
e se
rvic
es o
f a
prob
atio
n of
fice
r ar
e av
aila
ble,
no
pers
on c
harg
ed w
ith a
fel
ony
shal
l be
plac
ed o
n pr
obat
ion
unle
ss t
he
cour
t ord
ers
a pr
esen
tmce
inv
esti
gati
on a
nd r
epor
t th
at m
ust
incl
ude
the
offe
nder
's p
rior
cri
min
al re
cord
.
Pro
hibi
ts p
roba
tion
for
per
sons
con
vict
ed f
or t
he s
econ
d or
sub
sequ
ent
time
of e
num
erat
ed d
rug
offe
nses
.
Per
mit
s pr
obat
ion
for
pers
ons
conv
icte
d of
dru
g po
sses
sion
for
the
fi
rst
tim
e.
Req
uire
s a p
rese
nten
ex r
epor
t, w
hich
mus
t inc
lude
the
offe
nder
's p
rior
cr
imin
al r
ecor
d, p
rior
to
gran
ting
pro
bati
on u
nles
s th
e de
fend
ant
wai
ves
the
inve
stig
atio
n w
ith
the
cour
ts c
onse
nt o
r th
e co
urt finds
the
inve
stig
atio
n an
d re
port
to
be u
nnec
essa
ry a
nd s
tate
s th
e re
ason
s on
th
e re
cord
.
Pro
hibi
ts p
roba
tion
for
per
sons
con
vict
ed o
f bu
rgla
ry o
r br
eaki
ng a
nd
entr
y fo
r th
e se
cond
or
subs
eque
nt ti
me.
Aut
hori
zes
prob
atio
n in
fel
ony
case
s, i
f am
ong
othe
r th
ings
, th
e de
fend
ant h
as n
ever
bef
ore
serv
ed a
ter
m o
f im
pris
onm
ent f
or a
fel
ony
conv
icti
on.
Req
uire
s a
pres
ente
nce
repo
rt b
efor
e se
nten
cing
, inc
ludi
ng t
he
gran
ting
of
prob
atio
n, o
f an
y pe
rson
con
vict
ed o
f a
felo
ny,
such
re
port
to i
nclu
de th
e of
fend
er's
pri
or c
rim
inal
rec
ord.
Pro
vide
s th
at b
efor
e pr
onou
ncin
g se
nten
ce,
incl
udin
g pr
obat
ion,
in
a fe
lony
cas
e, a
cou
rt m
ay (
and
mus
t if
the
defe
ndan
t so
mov
es) o
rder
a
pres
ente
nce
repo
rt w
hich
mus
t in
clud
e th
e de
fend
ant's
cri
min
al
hist
ory.
Aut
hori
zes
sent
enci
ng c
ourt
s to
req
uest
pre
sent
ence
rep
orts
bef
ore
dete
rmin
ing
whe
ther
to
gran
t pro
bati
on, s
uch
repo
rts
to i
nclu
de th
e de
fend
ant's
pri
or c
rim
inal
his
tory
.
Prov
ides
tha
t no
per
son
conv
icte
d of
a f
elon
y sh
all b
e re
leas
ed o
n pr
obat
ion
unti
l th
e co
urt
obta
ins
a pr
esen
tenc
e re
port
whi
ch m
ust
incl
ude
info
rmat
ion
conc
erni
ng th
e de
fend
ant's
pri
or c
rim
inal
rec
ord.
Stat
utes
Req
uiri
ng th
e U
se of
Cri
min
al H
isto
ry R
ecor
d In
form
atio
n T
able
6
45
Tabl
e 6
(con
t.)
Sta
tute
s th
at r
equi
re o
r pe
rmit
cons
ider
atio
n of
pri
or c
rim
inal
his
tory
in
dec
isio
ns c
once
rnin
g pr
obat
ion
(N
ote:
S
tam
whi
ch &
not
hav
e st
atut
es t
hat
req
uire
or p
enni
t co
nsid
erat
ion
of p
rio
r cr
imin
al h
isto
ry i
n d
ecui
ons
conc
erni
ng p
roba
tion
are
omitt
edfr
om the t
ab&
.)
Sta
te
Cit
atio
n S
tatu
tory
pro
visi
on
(Sta
tuto
ry p
rovi
rion
r cue
sum
mar
ized
or p
arq
plr
mn
d.)
Wyo
min
g 7-
13-3
03
Aut
hori
zes
cour
t to
ord
er p
rese
nten
ce r
epor
t pri
or t
o gr
anti
ng
prob
atio
n, s
uch
repo
rt to
inc
lude
the
crim
inal
rec
ord
of t
he d
efen
dant
.
R. C
r. P
roc.
33(
c)
Pro
vide
s th
at t
he p
roba
tion
ser
vice
sha
ll m
ake
a pr
esen
tenc
e re
port
pr
ior
to t
he g
rant
ing
of p
roba
tion
unl
ess
the
cour
t dir
ects
oth
erw
ise,
su
ch r
epor
t to
incl
ude
the
defe
ndan
t's p
rior
cri
min
al re
cord
.
46
Tab
le 6
St
atut
es R
equi
ring
the
Use
of C
rim
inal
His
tory
Rec
ord
Info
rmat
ion
Tabl
e 7
Sta
tute
s au
thor
lzln
g pr
esen
tenc
e re
port
s th
at s
hall
or m
ay In
clud
e pr
ior
conv
lctlo
ns
(No&
: S
tate
s w
hich
do
not h
ave
stat
utes
aut
horiz
ing
prcb
entu
rrcr
rep
orts
that
sha
ll or
may
incl
ude p
rior
con
vict
ions
are
om
ittad
from
dw
tab
&.)
Sta
te
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
(Fed
eral
)
Ala
bam
a
Ala
ska
Ark
ansa
s
Cal
ifor
nia
Col
orad
o
Con
nect
icut
Del
awar
e
Dis
tric
t of
Col
umbi
a
Flo
rida
Gw
rgia
Haw
aii
Idah
o
Illi
nois
Cit
atio
n
18-3
552(
a)
Rul
es o
f C
r. P
roc.
, R.
32(c
)(2)
13
A-5
-5
Rul
es o
f C
rim
. Pro
c.,
R.
3(b)
12.5
5.02
5
R.
Cri
m.
Proc
. 32
(c)(
l)
5-4-
102
Pen.
Cod
e Ij
1203
(b)
Sup.
Ct.
Sen
tenc
ing
Rul
es,
R.
419
16-1
1-10
2(1)
54-9
1a
1 1-
433 1
Rul
es C
rim
. Pro
c. R
. 3
2
921.
231(
e), (i)
17-1
0-2
706.
601,
.6
02
19-2
515
38-1
005-
3-1,
2
Sta
tuto
ry p
rovl
slon
(S
tafu
tory
prov
irio
ru a
re s
mun
a&cd
or
pa
rap
hrw
d)
Req
uire
s a
pres
ente
nce
repo
rt u
nder
Rul
e 32
(c) o
f th
e Fe
d. R
ules
of
Cri
m.
Proc
. be
fore
the
im
posi
tion
of
sent
ence
.
Req
uire
s pr
esen
tenc
e re
port
s to
con
tain
the
def
enda
nt's
pri
or c
rim
inal
hi
stor
y.
Req
uire
s a
pres
ente
nce
repo
rt p
rior
to
sent
enci
ng f
or a
fel
ony,
on
mot
ion
of e
ithe
r pa
rty.
Req
uire
s pr
esen
tenc
e re
port
to
incl
ude
the
defe
ndan
t's p
rior
cri
min
al
and
juve
nile
rec
ord.
Req
uire
s co
urts
in f
elon
y ca
ses
and
othe
r en
umer
ated
cas
es to
obt
ain
a pr
esen
tenc
e re
port
.
Req
uire
s pr
esen
tenc
e re
port
s to
inc
lude
the
defe
ndan
t's p
rior
cri
min
al
hist
ory.
Aut
hori
zes
cour
ts to
ord
er p
rese
nten
ce re
port
s.
Suc
h re
port
s sh
all
cont
ain
the
defe
ndan
t's h
isto
ry o
f de
linq
uenc
y or
cri
min
alit
y.
Req
uire
s a
pres
ente
nce
repo
rt i
n ev
ery
felo
ny c
ase
in w
hich
the
defe
ndan
t is
elig
ible
for
pro
bati
on a
nd m
akes
suc
h re
port
s di
scre
tion
ary
in m
isde
mea
nor
case
s.
Req
uire
s pr
esen
tenc
e re
port
to i
nclu
de a
sum
mar
y of
the
def
enda
nt's
cr
imin
al a
nd j
uven
ile
hist
ory.
Req
uire
s pr
esen
tenc
e re
port
s in
fel
ony
case
s, and a
utho
rize
s cou
rt t
o or
der
such
repo
rts
in m
isde
mea
nor
case
s. R
equi
res
such
repo
rts
to
incl
ude
the
defe
ndan
t's p
ast
crim
inal
reco
rd.
Req
uire
s pr
esen
tenc
e re
port
s in
fel
ony
case
s an
d m
akw
the
m
disc
reti
onar
y in
oth
er c
ases
. R
equi
res
such
rep
orts
to i
nclu
de th
e de
fend
ant's
cri
min
al h
isto
ry.
Giv
es c
ourt
s di
scre
tion
to o
rder
pre
sent
ence
rep
orts
, w
hich
sha
ll
cont
ain
an e
valu
atio
n of
the
def
enda
nt's
pri
or c
rim
inal
his
tory
.
Req
uire
s pr
esen
tenc
e re
port
s un
less
the
def
enda
nt w
aive
s, w
ith t
he
cour
t's c
onse
nt, o
r th
e co
urt r
ids
a re
port
to b
e un
nece
ssar
y an
d se
ts
out r
easo
ns o
n th
e re
cord
. T
he r
epor
t is
requ
ired
to
cont
ain
the
defe
ndan
t's p
rior
cri
min
al re
cord
.
Req
uire
s pr
esen
tenc
e re
port
s in
fel
ony
case
s an
d m
akes
the
m
disc
reti
onar
y in
mis
dem
eano
r cas
es, s
uch
repo
rts
to i
nclu
de a
n ex
plan
atio
n of
the
def
enda
nt's
cri
min
al r
ecor
d, i
nclu
ding
his
ver
sion
an
d ex
plan
atio
n.
Req
uire
s pr
esen
tenc
e he
arin
g in
fel
ony
case
s at
whi
ch t
he c
ourt
mus
t he
ar e
vide
nce
of t
he d
efen
dant
's p
rior
con
vict
ions
. R
equi
res
pres
ente
nce
repo
rts
in f
elon
y ca
ses
or if
def
enda
nt is
und
er 2
2 ye
ars
of a
ge a
nd h
as a
pri
or c
onvi
ctio
n.
Rep
orts
are
dis
cret
iona
ry in
ot
her
case
s.
Rep
orts
mus
t co
ntai
n th
e de
fend
ant's
his
tory
of
deli
nque
ncy
or c
rim
inal
ity.
Req
uire
s a
pres
ente
nce
repo
rt in
cap
ital
cas
es, w
hich
mus
t in
clud
e ag
grav
atin
g an
d m
itig
atin
g ci
rcum
stan
ces,
incl
udin
g ev
iden
ce o
f th
e de
fend
ant's
pri
or c
rim
inal
reco
rd.
Req
uire
s pre
sent
ence
repo
rts
in f
elon
y ca
ses
and
mak
es t
hem
di
scre
tion
ary
in m
isde
mea
nor
case
s, s
uch
repo
rts
to i
nclu
de th
e de
fend
ant's
his
tory
of
deli
nque
ncy
or c
rim
inal
ity.
Stat
utes
Req
uiri
ng th
e U
se o
f C
rim
inal
His
tory
Rec
ord
Info
rmat
ion
Tab
le 7
Tabl
e 7 (
cont
.)
Sta
tute
s au
thor
lzln
g pr
esen
tenc
e re
port
s th
at s
hall
or m
ay i
nclu
de p
rlor
con
vict
ions
(N
ou:
Stat
ea w
hich
do
not h
ave
stcrtu
rar
auth
oriZ
irrg
pres
ente
m r
epor
ff th
at s
hall
or m
cr)r
incl
wlc
pri
or c
orrv
ictw
m a
re o
mit
tedf
rom
th
tabl
e.)
Sta
te
Clt
atlo
n
Sta
tuto
ry p
rovl
slon
(S
tatu
rory
prov
isio
ns m
e xu
wun
anza
d or
par
aph
rase
d)
Indi
ana
35-3
8-1-
8, -
9 R
equi
res
pres
ente
nce
repo
rts
in f
elon
y ca
ses,
suc
h re
port
s to
con
tain
th
e de
fend
ant's
his
tory
of
delin
quen
cy o
r cr
imin
ality
.
Iow
a 90
1.2,
3
Aut
hori
zes
cour
ts to
ord
er p
rese
nten
ce re
port
s in
all
cas
es, w
hich
mus
t co
ntai
n th
e de
fend
ant's
cri
min
al re
cord
.
Kan
sas
21-4
604
Pre
sent
ence
rep
orts
are
dis
cret
iona
ry in
mis
dem
eano
r ca
ses
and
requ
ired
in
felo
ny c
ases
unl
ess
the
cour
t has
ade
quat
e in
form
atio
n.
Pre
sent
ence
rep
orts
mus
t in
clud
e th
e cr
imin
al re
cord
of
the
defe
ndan
t.
Ken
tuck
y 53
2.02
5 R
equi
res
pres
ente
nce
hear
ing
in d
eath
pen
alty
cas
es, a
t whi
ch t
he c
ourt
m
ust
hear
evi
denc
e of
agg
rava
ting
and
miti
gatin
g ci
rcum
stan
ces,
in
clud
ing
the
defe
ndan
t's p
rior
cri
min
al h
isto
ry.
532.
050
Req
uire
s pr
esen
tenc
e re
port
s in
fel
ony
case
s, s
uch
repo
rts
to i
nclu
de
the
defe
ndan
t's h
isto
ry o
f de
linqu
ency
or
crim
inal
ity.
Lou
isia
na
Cod
e C
rim
. P
roc.
art
. R
esen
tenc
e re
port
s ar
e di
scre
tiona
ry w
ith t
he c
ourt
and
mus
t co
ntai
n 87
5 th
e de
fend
ant's
his
tory
of
delin
quen
cy o
r cr
imin
ality
.
Mai
ne
R.
Crir
n. P
roc.
32(
c)
Pre
sent
ence
rep
orts
are
dis
cret
iona
ry w
ith t
he c
ourt
, and
mus
t co
ntai
n th
e de
fend
ant's
pri
or c
rim
inal
rec
ord.
Mas
sach
uset
ts
276-
85
Req
uire
s pr
obat
ion
offi
cers
to m
ake
pres
ente
nce
repo
rts
in f
elon
y ca
ses,
inc
ludi
ng i
nfor
mat
ion
rela
tive
to a
ll p
rior
cri
min
al
pros
ecut
ions
.
R. C
rim
. Pro
c. 2
8(d)
R
equi
res
prob
atio
n of
fice
r to
mak
e pr
esen
tenc
e re
port
s in
all
cas
es
brou
ght
befo
re c
ourt
s, i
nclu
ding
inf
orm
atio
n ab
out p
rior
cri
min
al
pros
ecut
ions
or
juve
nile
com
plai
nts.
Min
neso
ta
609.
115
Pre
sent
ence
rep
orts
are
dis
cret
iona
ry a
nd m
ust
cont
ain
the
defe
ndan
t's
crim
inal
rec
ord.
Mis
siss
ippi
47
-7-9
(3)(
a)
Pre
sent
ence
rep
orts
are
dis
cret
iona
ry in
fel
ony
case
s an
d m
ust
cont
ain
the
defe
ndan
t's c
rim
inal
his
tory
.
Mis
sour
i 21
7.76
0 R
equi
res
the
boar
d of
pro
batio
n an
d pa
role
to
prep
are
pres
ente
nce
repo
rts
in f
elon
y ca
ses
and
clas
s A
mis
dem
eano
r cas
es.
Suc
h re
port
s m
ust
cont
ain
the
defe
ndan
t's p
rior
cri
min
al r
ecor
d.
549.
37
Req
uire
s th
e bo
ard
of p
roba
tion
and
paro
le t
o m
ake
pres
ente
nce
repo
rts
at th
e re
ques
t of
a ci
rcui
t cou
rt, s
uch
repo
rts
to i
nclu
de th
e de
fend
ant's
pr
ior
crim
inal
rec
ord.
Mon
tana
46
-18-
111,
-11
2 R
equi
res
pres
ente
nce
repo
rts
for
enum
erat
ed s
erio
us o
ffen
ses
and
mak
es t
hem
dis
cret
iona
ry in
oth
er c
ases
. P
rese
nten
ce re
port
s m
ust
cont
ain
the
defe
ndan
t's c
rim
inal
rec
ord.
Neb
rask
a 29
-226
1(3)
R
esen
tenc
e re
port
s ar
e re
quir
ed in
fel
ony
case
s, u
nles
s im
prac
tical
, an
d ar
e di
scre
tiona
ry i
n ot
her
case
s.
Suc
h re
port
s m
ust
incl
ude
the
defe
ndan
t's h
isto
ry o
f de
linqu
ency
or
crim
inal
ity.
Nev
ada
176.
145(
1)
Res
ente
nce
repo
rts
are
requ
ired
in
felo
ny c
ases
, unl
ess
a re
cent
one
ex
ists
, and
are
dis
cret
iona
ry in
oth
er c
ases
. S
uch
repo
rts
mus
t in
clud
e th
e de
fend
ant's
pri
or c
rim
inal
rec
ord.
New
Jer
sey
2C:4
4-6
Res
ente
nce
repo
rts
are
requ
ired
whe
n sp
ecif
ied
by r
ules
of
cour
t and
di
scre
tiona
ry in
oth
er c
ases
. R
epor
ts m
ust
cont
ain
the
defe
ndan
t's
hist
ory
of d
elin
quen
cy o
r cr
imin
ality
.
New
Yor
k C
r. P
roc.
Law
Q 3
90.1
0 R
equi
res
the
cour
t to
obt
ain
a fi
ngex
prin
t-ba
sed
crim
inal
his
tory
rep
ort
prio
r to
sen
tenc
ing
in f
elon
y ca
ses
and
othe
r de
sign
ated
cas
es.
48
Tabl
e 7
Stat
utes
Req
uiri
ng t
he U
se o
f Cri
min
al H
isto
ry R
ecor
d In
form
atio
n
Tabl
e 7 (
cont
.)S
tatu
tes
auth
oriz
ing
pres
ente
nce
repo
rts
that
sha
il or
may
incl
ude
prio
r co
nvlc
tions
(N
ote:
Sta
tes
whi
ch d
o M
I ha
ve s
tatu
tes
auth
oriz
ing
prcs
ante
nce
repo
rts t
hat s
hall
or m
ay i
nclu
de p
rior
con
vict
io~
s are o
mit
tadf
rom
the t
ab*.
.)
Sta
te
New
Yor
k (c
ont.)
Nor
th C
arol
ina
Nor
th D
akot
a
Ohi
o
Okl
ahom
a
Pen
nsyl
vani
a
Puer
to R
ico
Rho
de I
slan
d
Sou
th C
arol
ina
Sout
h D
akot
a
Ten
ness
ee
Tex
as
Uta
h
Cit
atio
n
Cr.
Roc
. L
aw fi
390
.20
Cr.
Pro
c. L
aw $
390
.30
15A
-133
2
R.
Cri
m. R
oc.
32(d
)
295
1.03
R.
Cri
m P
roc.
32.
2
22-9
82
57-5
19
42-9
731.
97
32
42-9
737
33-3
283
12-1
9-6
24-2
1-4
20
23A
-27-
5
23A
-27-
6
40-3
5-20
5
40-3
5-20
7
Cod
e C
rim
. Pro
c.
art.4
2.12
fi 9
(a)
76-3
-404
Sta
tuto
ry p
rovi
sion
(S
tatu
tory
pro
visi
ons
are
swm
wiz
ed o
r par
aph
rase
d)
Req
uire
s pr
esen
tenc
e re
port
s in
fel
ony
case
s an
d in
mis
dem
eano
r ca
ses
if th
e de
fend
ant c
an r
ecei
ve p
roba
tion
or a
sen
tenc
e of
mor
e th
an 9
0 da
ys.
Rep
orts
are
dis
cret
iona
ry in
oth
er c
ases
.
Pres
ente
nce
repo
rts
mus
t co
ntai
n th
e de
fend
ant's
his
tory
of
deli
nque
ncy
or c
rim
inal
ity.
Res
ente
nce
repo
rts
are
disc
reti
onar
y. T
hey
mus
t co
ntai
n in
form
atio
n co
ncer
ning
the
defe
ndan
t's p
revi
ous
deli
nque
ncy
or c
rim
inal
reco
rd.
Res
ente
nce
repo
rts
are
disc
retio
nary
with
the
cou
rt.
The
rep
ort m
ay
cont
ain
the
defe
ndan
t's p
rior
cri
min
al re
cord
.
Req
uire
s pr
esen
tenc
e re
port
with
inf
orm
atio
n ab
out
defe
ndan
t's
crim
inal
reco
rd, b
efor
e gr
anti
ng p
roba
tion
in
felo
ny c
ases
.
Cou
rts
mus
t ord
er p
rese
nten
ce r
epor
t in
felo
ny c
ases
and
may
ord
er
such
rep
ort i
n m
isde
mea
nor
case
s. T
he r
epor
t sha
ll s
tate
the
defe
ndan
t's p
rior
cri
min
al re
cord
.
Req
uire
s pr
esen
tenc
e re
port
s in
non
-cap
ital
fel
ony
case
s, u
nles
s w
aive
d by
bot
h pa
rtie
s.
The
rep
ort m
ust c
onta
in th
e de
fend
ant's
cr
imin
al r
ecor
d.
Aut
hori
zes
cour
ts to
req
uire
the
Div
isio
n of
Pro
batio
n an
d P
arol
e to
pr
epar
e pr
esen
tenc
e re
port
s in
non
-cap
ital
fel
ony
case
s, w
hich
sha
ll
cont
ain
the
defe
ndan
t's c
rim
inal
reco
rd.
Req
uire
s pr
esen
tenc
e re
port
s in
fel
ony
case
s, u
nles
s th
e se
nten
ce is
de
ath
or a
man
dato
ry li
fe te
rm,
if no
t wai
ved
by the c
ourt
. T
he re
port
s m
ust
cont
ain
the
defe
ndan
t's h
isto
ry o
f de
linq
uenc
y or
cri
min
alit
y.
Req
uire
s se
nten
cing
cou
rts
to b
e in
form
ed a
s to
the
sta
tus
of a
ll cr
imin
al c
harg
es p
endi
ng a
gain
st th
e de
fend
ant
and
whe
ther
the
de
fend
ant
is o
n pr
obat
ion
or p
arol
e.
Res
ente
nce
repo
rts
are
man
dato
ry i
n fe
lony
cas
es a
nd d
iscr
etio
nary
in
mis
dem
eano
r cas
es.
Mus
t con
tain
the
com
plet
e re
cord
of
the
defe
ndan
t.
Req
uire
s pr
esen
tenc
e re
port
s in
fel
ony
case
s an
d re
quir
es a
ll p
olic
e ag
enci
es t
o fu
rnis
h cr
imin
al re
cord
inf
orm
atio
n fo
r th
e re
port
.
Res
ente
nce
repo
rts
are
disc
retio
nary
with
the
cou
rt a
nd m
ust
cont
ain
info
rmat
ion
abou
t th
e de
fend
ant's
cri
min
al re
cord
.
Req
uire
s pr
esen
tenc
e re
port
s un
less
the
def
enda
nt w
aive
s, w
ith t
he
cour
t's c
onse
nt. o
r th
e co
urt f
inds
the
repo
rt to
be
unne
cess
ary.
The
pre
sent
ence
repo
rt s
hall
con
tain
the
def
enda
nt's
pri
or c
rim
inal
re
cord
.
Res
ente
nce
repo
rts
are
requ
ired
in f
elon
y ca
ses
and
disc
retio
nary
in
othe
r ca
ses.
Res
ente
nce
repo
rts
mus
t co
ntai
n th
e de
fend
ant's
rec
ord
of p
rior
co
nvic
tion
s.
Req
uire
s pr
esen
tenc
e re
port
s in
all
cas
es u
nles
s th
e de
fend
ant w
aive
s.
with
the
cou
rt's
con
sent
, or
the
cou
rt F
ids
a re
port
to b
e un
nece
ssar
y.
The
rep
ort
mus
t co
ntai
n th
e de
fend
ant's
cri
min
al h
isto
ry.
Res
ente
nce
repo
rts
are
disc
reti
onar
y w
ith t
he c
ourt
in
felo
ny c
ases
. T
he r
epor
ts m
ust
cont
ain
info
rmat
ion
abou
t the
def
enda
nt's
pri
or
crim
inal
or
delin
quen
cy r
ecor
ds.
.
Stat
utes
Req
uiri
ng th
e U
se o
f Cri
min
al H
isto
ry R
ecor
d In
form
atio
n T
able
7
49
Sta
tute
s au
thor
lzln
g pr
esen
tenc
e I1
or m
ay In
clud
e pr
ior c
onvl
ctlo
ns
moy
irc
cl~p
rior
cou
vicr
iont
are
om
ir&
dfm
m t
he t
ub
&.)
Sta
tuto
ry p
rovl
slon
50
Tab
le 7
Stat
utes
Req
uirin
g th
e U
se o
f Cri
min
al H
isto
ry R
ecor
d In
form
atio
n
Par
t Ill
: C
orre
ctio
nal C
lass
ifica
tions
t A
s in
the
case
of
sent
enci
ng, i
t can
be
ass
umed
that
cor
rect
iona
l off
icia
ls
may
(an
d do
, whe
n th
e in
form
atio
n is
av
aila
ble)
pro
perly
con
side
r an
inm
ate'
s pr
ior
crim
inal
his
tory
in
mak
ing
clas
sifi
catio
n de
cisi
ons
for
secu
rity
and
prog
ram
ass
ignm
ent
purp
oses
, eve
n in
the
abse
nce
of
spec
ific
lega
l aut
hori
ty.
Tab
le 8
list
s St
ate
stat
utor
y pr
ovis
ions
that
sp
ecifi
cally
requ
ire o
r aut
horiz
e co
rrec
tiona
l off
icia
ls to
con
side
r suc
h in
form
atio
n an
d, in
som
e ca
ses,
pr
ovid
e fo
r mak
ing
the
info
rmat
ion
avai
labl
e.
Flor
ida'
s la
w is
a g
ood
exam
ple.
It
prov
ides
that
as
soon
as
poss
ible
af
ter a
pris
oner
has
bee
n co
mm
itted
to
the
cust
ody
of t
he D
epar
tmen
t of
Cor
rect
ions
, the
clas
sifi
catio
n bo
ard
shal
l pre
pare
a c
lass
ific
atio
n su
mm
ary
whi
ch s
hall
incl
ude
"the
cri
min
al,
pers
onal
, soc
ial a
nd e
nviro
nmen
tal
back
grou
nd a
nd o
ther
rele
vant
fact
ors
cons
ider
ed in
cla
ssif
ying
the
pris
oner
fo
r a p
enal
env
iron
men
t bes
t sui
ted
for h
is ra
pid
reha
bilit
atio
n."
To
faci
litat
e pr
epar
atio
n of
thi
s su
mm
ary,
ano
ther
sta
tuto
ry p
rovi
sion
re
quire
s tha
t the
off
icer
del
iver
ing
the
pris
oner
to th
e D
epar
tmen
t sha
ll al
so
deliv
er, a
mon
g ot
her
thin
gs, "
any
avai
labl
e pr
esen
tenc
e in
vest
igat
ion
repo
rts."
Ala
ska
law
dir
ects
the
com
mis
sion
er o
f pu
blic
saf
ety
to
esta
blis
h pr
ogra
ms
to p
rovi
de f
or th
e se
curit
y an
d re
habi
litat
ion
of
pris
oner
s and
to a
ssig
n pr
ison
ers
to
such
pro
gram
s ba
sed
on, a
mon
g ot
her
thin
gs, "
the
reco
rd o
f co
nvic
tions
of
the
pris
oner
."
Ark
ansa
s la
w d
irec
ts
the
Dep
artm
ent o
f C
orre
ctio
ns to
es
tabl
ish
a sy
stem
for
cla
ssif
ying
pr
ison
ers "
acco
rdin
g to
dep
ortm
ent,"
an
d to
con
side
r in
impl
emen
ting
such
cl
assi
fica
tion
syst
em, t
he p
riso
ner's
"r
ecor
d pr
ior
to c
omm
itmen
t to
the
Dep
artm
ent o
f C
orre
ctio
ns."
Cal
iforn
ia la
w re
quire
s th
e D
irect
or
of C
orre
ctio
ns to
cla
ssif
y pr
ison
ers
for i
nstit
utio
nal a
ssig
nmen
t pur
pose
s ba
sed
upon
exa
min
atio
n an
d st
udy
of
allpe
rtin
ent c
ircum
stan
ces o
f th
e pe
rson
's lif
e, in
clud
ing
"the
an
tece
dent
s of
the
vio
latio
n of
law
be
caus
e of
whi
ch h
e or
she
has
bee
n co
mm
itted
to p
rison
."
Mis
siss
ippi
la
w r
equi
res the
corr
ectio
nal
clas
sifi
catio
n co
mm
ittee
to c
onsi
der,
amon
g ot
her
thin
gs, "
the
com
plet
e re
cord
of
the
offe
nder
's cr
imin
al
hist
ory.
" N
evad
a la
w r
equi
res
corr
ectio
nal a
utho
ritie
s to
keep
a
reco
rd o
f ea
ch in
mat
e w
hich
sha
ll in
clud
e "the o
ffen
der's
rec
ord
of
conv
ictio
ns."
Neb
rask
a ha
s a
sim
ilar
prov
isio
n re
quiri
ng c
orre
ctio
nal
auth
oriti
es to
mai
ntai
n in
mat
e fi
les
whi
ch m
ust i
nclu
de p
rior c
rim
inal
re
cord
s.
Oth
er S
tate
s hav
e sp
ecifi
cally
pr
ovid
ed fo
r mak
ing
crim
inal
his
tory
records
avai
labl
e to
cor
rect
iona
l of
fici
als.
For
exa
mpl
e, W
est
Virg
inia
has
a s
tatu
tory
pro
visi
on
requ
iring
that
a c
opy
of a
n of
fend
er's
pres
ente
nce
repo
rt (w
hich
mus
t in
clud
e cr
imin
al h
isto
ry in
form
atio
n)
mus
t be
mad
e av
aila
ble
to th
e D
epar
tmen
t of C
orre
ctio
ns to
geth
er
with
a c
opy
of a
ny in
form
atio
n or
ot
her d
ocum
ent c
harg
ing
prio
r co
nvic
tions
for s
ente
nce
enha
ncem
ent
purp
oses
. W
yom
ing
has
a pr
ovis
ion
requ
iring
the
forw
ardi
ng o
f pr
esen
tenc
e rep
orts
to c
orre
ctio
nal
inst
itutio
ns an
d re
quir
ing
the
Div
isio
n of
Crim
inal
Ide
ntif
icat
ion
to
mak
e cr
imin
al h
isto
ry re
cord
in
form
atio
n av
aila
ble
to s
uch
offi
cial
s. L
aws
in b
oth
Mas
sach
uset
ts an
d M
isso
uri r
equi
re
the
pros
ecut
ing
atto
rney
to f
urni
sh
crim
inal
his
tory
reco
rd in
form
atio
n on
sen
tenc
ed in
divi
dual
s to
the
Dep
artm
ents
of
Cor
rect
ions
.
As
note
d ea
rlie
r, it
is li
kely
that
ev
en in
tho
se S
tate
s tha
t hav
e no
t en-
ac
ted
spec
ific
stat
utor
y au
thor
ity, c
or-
rect
iona
l off
icia
ls u
se a
vaila
ble
in-
form
atio
n co
ncer
ning
inm
ates
' prio
r cr
imin
al re
cord
s in
mak
ing
corr
ec-
tiona
l cla
ssif
icat
ion
dete
rmin
atio
ns.
Stat
e la
w c
omm
only
giv
es b
road
au-
th
ority
to D
epar
tmen
ts o
f C
orre
ctio
ns
rega
rdin
g th
e cl
assi
ficat
ion
and
as-
sign
men
t of p
rison
ers
and
auth
oriz
es
them
to
cons
ider
all
rele
vant
info
rma-
tio
n in
per
form
ing
thei
r du
ties.
In
this
rega
rd, p
rese
nten
ce re
pats
are
of
ten
prep
ared
by
paro
le o
ffic
ials
and
ar
e m
ade
avai
labl
e for
cor
rect
iona
l pu
rpos
es a
s w
ell a
s fo
r sen
tenc
ing
purp
oses
, und
er d
epar
tmen
tal r
ules
if
not b
y ex
pres
s st
atut
ory
auth
ority
.
Stat
ures
Req
uiri
ng th
e U
se of
Cri
min
al H
isto
ry R
ecor
d In
form
atio
n
I
Tabl
e 8
S
tatu
tes
auth
orlz
ing
cons
ider
atio
n of
cri
min
al h
isto
ry in
co
rrec
tiona
i cla
ssifi
catio
n an
d su
perv
isio
n
(Not
e: S
tate
s whi
ch d
o no
t hav
e st
atut
es a
utho
rizi
ng c
onri
drm
hbn
of c
rim
inal
his
tory
in c
orre
ctw
nal c
larj
fiat
wn
and
supe
rvis
ion orc
omitt
edfr
om th
e table.)
Sta
te
Cita
tion
Ala
bam
a 15
-22-
25
Ala
ska
33.3
0.09
1
Ari
zona
13
-701
Ark
ansa
s 12
-27-
1 13(
e)
12-2
9-10
1
Cal
ifor
nia
Pen.
Cod
e 4
5068
Flo
rida
92
1.2
0
944.
17(5
)
944.
1905
Geo
rgia
42
-8-2
91
Haw
aii
353-
7
Idah
o 20
-224
Illi
no
is
38-1
003-
8- 1
Indi
ana
35-3
8-3-
5
Iow
a 90
1.4
Sta
tuto
ry p
rovi
sion
(S
tatu
tory
pmvi
sion
r are
sw
~~
~u
'sc
dor
para
phrm
ed.)
Req
uire
s th
at t
he b
oard
of
pard
ons
and
paro
les
shal
l mak
e a
com
plet
e in
vest
igat
ion
of e
ach
new
ly r
ecei
ved
pris
oner
and
com
pile
a r
epor
t th
at m
ust
incl
ude
the
pris
oner
's c
rim
inal
rec
ord.
Req
uire
s co
mm
issi
oner
of
publ
ic s
afet
y to
ass
ign
pris
oner
s to
pr
ogra
ms
base
d up
on,
amon
g ot
her
thin
gs, t
he p
riso
ner's
rec
ord
of
conv
icti
ons,
wit
h pa
rtic
ular
em
phas
is o
n co
nvic
tion
s fo
r se
x cr
imes
.
Prov
ides
tha
t th
e pr
esen
tenc
e re
port
, w
hich
inc
lude
s th
e of
fend
er's
cr
imin
al h
isto
ry, m
ust
be f
orw
arde
d to
the
Dep
artm
ent o
f C
orre
ctio
ns.
Req
uire
s th
e di
rect
or o
f th
e D
epar
tmen
t of
Cor
rect
ions
to c
ompi
le a
co
mpl
ete
reco
rd o
n ea
ch i
nmat
e in
clud
ing
tria
l, co
nvic
tion
and
pas
t hi
stor
y.
Req
uire
s th
e di
rect
or o
f th
e D
epar
tmen
t of
Cor
rect
ions
to e
stab
lish
a
syst
em f
or c
lass
ifyi
ng p
riso
ners
acc
ordi
ng t
o de
port
men
t, ta
king
int
o co
nsid
erat
ion
thei
r re
cord
s pr
ior
to c
omm
itm
ent.
Req
uire
s th
e D
irec
tor o
f C
orre
ctio
ns to
cla
ssif
y a
pris
oner
for
pro
gram
as
sign
men
t bas
ed u
pon all
pert
inen
t ci
rcum
stan
ces
incl
udin
g "t
he
ante
cede
nts
of t
he v
iola
tion
of
law
bec
ause
of
whi
ch h
e or
she
has
bee
n co
mm
itte
d."
Req
uire
s th
e cl
assi
fica
tion
boa
rd t
o co
mpi
le a
cla
ssif
icat
ion
sum
mar
y fo
r ea
ch p
riso
ner,
inc
ludi
ng "
crim
inal
per
sona
l, so
cial
and
en
viro
nmen
tal
back
grou
nd."
Req
uire
s th
e sh
erif
f or
oth
er o
ffic
er d
eliv
erin
g an
off
ende
r to
the
D
epar
tmen
t of
Cor
rect
ions
to d
eliv
er a
ny a
vail
able
pre
sent
ence
re
port
s.
Req
uire
s th
e D
epar
tmen
t of
Cor
rect
ions
to c
lass
ify
inm
ates
pur
suan
t to
an
obj
ecti
ve c
lass
ific
atio
n sc
hem
e th
at t
akes
int
o co
nsid
erat
ion
the
inm
ate'
s ve
rifi
ed h
isto
ry i
nvol
ving
int
enti
onal
vio
lenc
e.
Req
uire
s th
at p
rese
nten
ce re
port
s (i
nclu
ding
Sta
te a
nd F
BI
crim
inal
hi
stor
y sh
eets
) sh
all b
e de
live
red
wit
h ea
ch o
ffen
der
to t
he D
epar
tmen
t of
Cor
rect
ions
and
the
Boa
rd o
f P
ardo
ns a
nd P
arol
es.
Aut
hori
zes
esta
blis
hmen
t of
a hi
gh s
ecur
ity
corr
ecti
onal
fac
ilit
y fo
r hi
gh r
isk
inm
ates
, in
clud
ing
reci
divi
sts.
Req
uire
s th
e B
oard
of
Cor
rect
ions
to e
stab
lish
a r
ecor
d on
eac
h in
mat
e.
incl
udin
g th
e in
mat
e's
prev
ious
cri
min
al r
ecor
d.
Req
uire
s th
e sh
erif
f de
liver
ing
a pr
ison
er to
the
Dep
artm
ent o
f C
orre
ctio
ns to
del
iver
the
pres
ente
nce
repo
rt w
hich
mus
t in
clud
e th
e in
mat
e's
crim
inal
his
tory
.
Req
uire
s cl
assi
fica
tion
of
new
inm
ates
as
to d
egre
e of
sec
urit
y an
d ca
ndid
acy
for
hom
e de
tent
ion
base
d up
on,
amon
g ot
her
thin
gs,
prio
r cr
imin
al r
ecor
d.
Req
uire
s pr
esen
tenc
e re
port
s, w
ith
crim
inal
his
tory
rec
ords
, to
be
deli
vere
d to
the
Dep
artm
ent
of C
orre
ctio
ns w
ith i
nmat
es.
52
Tab
le 8
St
atut
es R
equi
ring
the
Use
of C
rim
inal
His
tory
Rec
ord
Info
rmat
ion
Tabl
e 8 (
cont
.)
Sta
tute
s au
thor
izin
g co
nsid
erat
ion
of c
rlm
inal
his
tory
in
corr
ectio
nal c
lass
ifica
tion
and
supe
rvis
ion
(N
ote:
Sta
tes
whi
ch &
not h
ave
stat
utes
auf
hori
zing
con
side
ratio
n of
cri
mi~
lhisto
y in
co
rre
cti
o~
l chs$
i1ca
tion and
supe
rvir
ion
are
omitt
sdfr
om t
he ta
ble.
)
Sta
te
Cit
atio
n
Lou
isia
na
Cod
e C
rii.
Pro
c. a
rt.
875,
8
76
Mar
ylan
d 27
-691
Mas
sach
uset
ts
127-
2
127-
27
Mic
higa
n 79
1.26
4
Mis
siss
ippi
47
-5-1
03
Mis
sour
i 21
7.30
5
217.
345
Neb
rask
a 83
-178
(1)(
d),
(2)
Nev
ada
209.
35 1
(2)(
d)
209.
48 1
New
Jer
sey
30:4
-141
30:4
-147
New
Yor
k C
r. P
roc.
Law
$39
0.60
Ohi
o 29
29.2
21
Rho
de I
slan
d 12
-19-
2
Sta
tuto
ry p
rovi
sion
(S
tatu
tory
prov
isio
ns cue
sum
mar
ized
orp
mqp
lvns
sd)
Req
uire
s a
pres
ente
nce
repo
rt (
whi
ch in
clud
es o
ffen
der's
pre
viou
s cr
imin
al re
cord
) to
be
sent
to t
he d
ivis
ion
of p
roba
tion
and
paro
le if
th
e of
fend
er is
com
mitt
ed.
If an
off
ende
r is
com
mitt
ed a
nd n
o pr
esen
tenc
e re
port
has
bee
n co
mpi
led,
the
divi
sion
mus
t co
mpi
le o
ne
with
in 6
0 da
ys.
Req
uire
s th
e D
ivis
ion
of C
orre
ctio
n to
com
pile
a c
ase
reco
rd f
or e
ach
inm
ate
incl
udin
g pr
evio
us c
rim
inal
rec
ord
and
to c
lass
ify
inm
ates
to
trai
ning
, tr
eatm
ent o
r em
ploy
men
t pro
gram
s on
the
basi
s of
suc
h ca
se
reco
rd.
Req
uire
s th
e su
peri
nten
dent
s of
cor
rect
iona
l in
stitu
tions
to k
eep
full
and
accu
rate
reco
rds
on i
nmat
es a
nd g
ives
suc
h su
peri
nten
dent
s acc
ess
to t
he S
tate
cri
min
al re
cord
rep
osito
ry f
or s
uch
purp
oses
.
Req
uire
s th
e pr
osec
utor
of
co
htt
ed
off
ende
rs to
for
war
d th
eir
crim
inal
his
tory
rec
ords
to t
he D
epar
tmen
t of
Cor
rect
ions
. R
equi
res
the
bure
au o
f pe
nal
inst
itutio
ns to
cla
ssif
y pr
ison
ers
on t
he
basi
s of
file
s es
tabl
ishe
d by
cla
ssif
icat
ion
com
mitt
ees
and
requ
ires
cl
erks
of
cour
t and
pro
batio
n of
fice
rs to
mak
e cr
imin
al re
cord
s av
aila
ble
to t
he c
lass
ific
atio
n co
mm
ittee
s.
Req
uire
s cl
assi
fica
tion
com
mitt
ee to
con
side
r an
inm
ate'
s cr
imin
al a
nd
juve
nile
his
tory
in
dete
rmin
ing
wor
k du
ties,
liv
ing
quar
ters
, re
habi
litat
ion
prog
ram
s an
d pr
ivile
ges.
Req
uire
s sh
erif
f de
liver
ing
a pr
ison
er to
the
Dep
artm
ent o
f C
orre
ctio
ns
to d
eliv
er p
riso
ner's
pre
viou
s cr
imin
al r
ecor
d.
Req
uire
s th
e D
epar
tmen
t of
Cor
rect
ions
to e
stab
lish
trea
tmen
t pr
ogra
ms
for
Fis
t of
fend
ers.
Req
uire
s th
e ch
ief
exec
utiv
e of
fice
r of
eac
h co
rrec
tiona
l fac
ility
to
esta
blis
h fi
les
for
inm
ates
to
be u
sed
for
clas
sifi
catio
n, tr
ansf
er, p
arol
e an
d ot
her p
urpo
ses.
E
ach
such
file
mus
t con
tain
the
inm
ate'
s cr
imin
al
hist
ory
reco
rd.
Req
uire
s th
e di
rect
or o
f th
e D
epar
tmen
t of
Cor
rect
ions
to e
stab
lish
a sy
stem
of
clas
sifi
catio
n, b
ased
upo
n, a
mon
g ot
her
thin
gs,
the
Iin
mat
e's
reco
rd o
f co
nvic
tions
.
Mak
es e
ligib
ility
for
ass
ignm
ent t
o ho
nor
cam
p de
pend
ent u
pon,
am
ong
othe
r th
ings
, pa
st c
rim
inal
his
tory
.
Req
uire
s th
e bo
ard
of m
anag
ers
to o
btai
n an
d re
cord
info
rmat
ion
abou
t ea
ch i
nmat
e's
"pas
t lif
e,"
amon
g ot
her
thin
gs.
Aut
hori
zes i
nmat
es b
etw
een
the
ages
of
15 a
nd 3
0 to
be
com
mitt
ed to
th
e yo
uth
corr
ectio
nal c
ompl
ex if
the
y ha
ve n
ot p
revi
ousl
y be
en
sent
ence
d to
pri
son.
Req
uire
s co
pies
of
pres
ente
nce
repo
rts
(whi
ch in
clud
e cr
imin
al
hist
orie
s) to
be
deliv
ered
with
off
ende
rs c
omm
itted
to t
erm
s of
im
pris
onm
ent.
Prov
ides
tha
t a p
erso
n co
nvic
ted
of a
thir
d or
fou
rth
degr
ee f
elon
y m
ay
serv
e th
e te
rm o
f im
pris
onm
ent i
n a
coun
ty ja
il if
off
ende
r has
no
prio
r,
felo
ny c
onvi
ctio
n.
Prov
ides
that
cer
tain
fir
st o
ffen
ders
may
be
sent
ence
d to
wor
k re
leas
e at
a m
inim
um s
ecur
ity f
acili
ty.
Stat
utes
Req
uiri
ng th
e U
se of
Cri
min
al H
isto
ry R
ecor
d In
form
atio
n T
able
8
53
i
Tabl
e 8 (
cont
.)S
tatu
tes
auth
orlz
lng
cons
lder
atlo
n of
crl
mln
al h
lsto
ry In
co
rrec
tiona
l cla
ssifl
catio
n an
d su
perv
isio
n
(Not
.: S
tatc
s w
hich
do
not h
ave
stat
ute
x au
thor
izin
g co
mid
emri
on o
f cri
min
al h
isto
ry in
co
wec
tio
~lcl
orsi
f~at
ionan
d su
perv
irio
n ar
c om
itte
dfro
m th
e table.)
Sta
te
Rho
de I
slan
d (c
ont.)
Sou
th C
arol
ina
Tex
as
Uta
h
Was
hing
ton
Wes
t V
irgi
nia
Wis
cons
in
Wyo
min
g
Clta
t Ion
42-5
6-20
.2
24-1
3-71
0
Gov
t. C
ode
$ 49
7.00
2
76-3
-404
9.94
A.1
10
62-1
2-7,
7a
972.
15(5
)
7-13
-104
7-13
-303
Sta
tuto
ry p
rovl
slon
(S
tatu
tory
pro
viri
om m
e su
mm
ariz
ed o
r paraphrased)
Proh
ibits
eli
gibi
lity
for
com
mun
ity
conf
inem
ent
if co
nvic
ted
or
prev
ious
ly c
onvi
cted
of
cert
ain
enum
erat
ed c
rim
es.
Mak
es e
ligi
bili
ty f
or s
uper
vise
d fu
rlou
gh d
epen
dent
on,
am
ong
othe
r th
ings
, pr
evio
us c
rim
inal
con
vict
ions
and
sen
tenc
es.
Req
uire
s th
e D
epar
tmen
t of
Cor
rect
ions
to c
lass
ify
inm
ates
on
the
basi
s of
, am
ong
othe
r th
ings
, cr
imin
al h
isto
ries
.
Req
uire
s th
e D
epar
tmen
t of
Cor
rect
ions
to c
ondu
ct p
rese
nten
ce
inve
stig
atio
ns a
nd p
repa
re r
epor
ts t
hat
mus
t in
clud
e cr
imin
al
hist
orie
s.
Req
uire
s th
at p
rese
nten
ce r
epor
ts,
whi
ch i
nclu
de c
rim
inal
his
tory
in
form
atio
n, m
ust
acco
mpa
ny o
ffen
ders
com
mit
ted
to t
he D
epar
tmen
t of
C
orre
ctio
ns.
Req
uire
s th
at p
rese
nten
ce re
port
s, w
hich
inc
lude
inf
orm
atio
n on
of
fend
ers'
crim
inal
his
tori
es,
be d
eliv
ered
to t
he D
epar
tmen
t of
Cor
rect
ions
.
Prov
ides
that
the
Dep
artm
ent o
f C
orre
ctio
ns m
ay u
se p
rese
nten
ce
repo
rts,
whi
ch i
nclu
de c
rim
inal
his
tory
inf
orm
atio
n, f
or c
orre
ctio
nal
clas
sifi
cati
on a
nd p
arol
e pu
rpos
es.
Req
uire
s th
e S
tate
boa
rd o
f pa
role
to
keep
com
plet
e re
cord
s on
all
pr
ison
ers
and
requ
ires
the
Sta
te c
rim
inal
reco
rd r
epos
itory
to
mak
e re
cord
s av
aila
ble
for
that
pur
pose
.
Req
uire
s th
e pr
esen
tenc
e re
port
, w
hich
inc
lude
s cr
imin
al h
isto
ry r
ecor
d in
form
atio
n, t
o be
for
war
ded
to t
he p
enal
ins
titu
tion
with
com
mit
ted
offe
nder
s.
54
Tab
le 8
St
atut
es R
equi
ring
the
Use
of C
rim
inal
His
tory
Rec
ord
Info
rmat
ion
Par
t IV
: P
aro
le E
ligib
ility
Tab
le 9
list
s St
ate
law
s an
d co
nstit
utio
nal p
rovi
sion
s th
at re
quir
e or
per
mit
cons
ider
atio
n of
an
inm
ate'
s pr
ior
crim
inal
his
tory
reco
rd in
de
term
inat
ions
rega
rdin
g re
leas
e on
pa
role
. It
can
be
assu
med
that
prio
r co
nvic
tions
wou
ld p
lay
an im
port
ant
part
in a
par
ole
deci
sion
in a
ny S
tate
, ev
en in
the
abse
nce
of a
n ex
pres
s st
atut
ory
prov
isio
n. A
s is
the
case
w
ith a
ll of
the
tabl
es in
thi
s re
port
, all o
f the
sta
tuto
ry p
rovi
sion
s lis
ted
in T
able
9 e
xpre
ssly
ref
er to
cri
min
al
hist
ory
reco
rd in
form
atio
n. T
he la
ws
spec
ifica
lly a
utho
rize
paro
le b
oard
s or
ot
her c
orre
ctio
nal o
ffic
ials
to c
onsi
der
prio
r cr
imin
al re
cord
s in
mak
ing
rele
ase
deci
sion
s or m
ake
paro
le
elig
ibili
ty d
epen
dent
upo
n th
e in
mat
e's
prio
r cr
imin
al re
cord
. A
s no
ted
in th
e ea
rlie
r ana
lysi
s of
sent
enci
ng st
atut
es, n
umer
ous
Stat
es
have
refo
rmed
thei
r se
nten
cing
ap
proa
ches
in r
ecen
t yea
rs to
pro
vide
fo
r det
erm
inat
e se
nten
cing
pur
suan
t to
sent
enci
ng g
uide
lines
or m
anda
tory
se
nten
cing
str
uctu
res.
Und
er th
is
appr
oach
, the
off
ende
r ser
ves t
he
sent
ence
impo
sed,
less
goo
d tim
e cr
edits
: rel
ease
on
paro
le p
rior
to th
e ex
pira
tion
of t
he s
ente
nce
is n
o lo
nger
pro
vide
d. F
or e
xam
ple,
par
ole
was
abo
lishe
d in
the
Fede
ral p
enal
sy
stem
eff
ectiv
e Nov
embe
r 1,
1986
, co
ncur
rent
with
the
inst
itutio
n of
the
Fe
dera
l Sen
tenc
ing
Gui
delin
es.
Seve
ral S
tate
s als
o ha
ve a
bolis
hed
paro
le fo
r sen
tenc
es i-
:pos
ed a
fter
the
effe
ctiv
e dat
e of
new
det
erm
inat
e se
nten
cing
str
uctu
res.
In
Was
hing
ton,
for e
xam
ple,
par
ole
has
been
abo
lishe
d fo
r sen
tenc
es im
pose
d af
ter J
uly
1, 1
984.
In
New
Mex
ico,
pa
role
rem
ains
app
licab
le o
nly
to li
fe
sent
ence
s, a
nd th
e pa
role
boa
rd is
re
quire
d to
con
side
r the
inm
ate'
s pr
ior
crim
inal
reco
rd in
mak
ing
its re
leas
e de
cisi
on.
Paro
le h
as b
een
abol
ishe
d in
Min
neso
ta in
fav
or o
f de
term
inat
e se
nten
cing
und
er s
ente
ncin
g gu
idel
ines
. In
Flo
rida
, par
ole
is u
nder
le
gisl
ativ
e re
view
as a
resu
lt of
the
im
plem
enta
tion
of s
ente
ncin
g gu
idel
ines
. T
he p
rese
nt p
arol
e st
atut
e ha
s be
en r
epea
led
effe
ctiv
e O
ctob
er 1
, 19
9 1.
Pres
ently
, per
sons
sen
tenc
ed
outs
ide
the
sent
enci
ng g
uide
lines
are
el
igib
le fo
r par
ole
purs
uant
to p
arol
e cr
iteria
"de
sign
ed t
o gi
ve primary
wei
ght t
o th
e se
riou
snes
s of
the
offe
nder
's pr
esen
t crim
inal
off
ense
and
his
past
crim
inal
reco
rd."
Not
all
Stat
es th
at h
ave
refo
rmed
th
eir
sent
enci
ng st
ruct
ures
hav
e ab
olis
hed
paro
le.
For e
xam
ple,
T
enne
ssee
's ne
w s
ente
ncin
g st
ruct
ure,
w
hich
bas
es s
ente
nce l
engt
hs o
n th
e se
verit
y of
the
crim
e an
d cl
assi
ficat
ion
of t
he o
ffen
der a
s a
miti
gate
d, st
anda
rd, m
ultip
le,
pers
iste
nt o
r car
eer o
ffen
der (
base
d on
th
e nu
mbe
r an
d se
rious
ness
of
prio
r of
fens
es),
also
bas
es p
arol
e el
igib
ility
st
atus
on
offe
nder
cla
ssif
icat
ion.
In
addi
tion,
the
new
law
pro
vide
s th
at a
pr
esen
tenc
e re
port
mus
t be
prep
ared
an
d m
ade
avai
labl
e to
the
paro
le b
oard
fo
r eac
h of
fend
er se
nten
ced
to
inca
rcer
atio
n fo
r one
yea
r or
mor
e.
In m
any
of t
he S
tate
s th
at h
ave
reta
ined
par
ole,
sta
tuto
ry p
rovi
sion
s m
ake
rele
ase
elig
ibili
ty d
epen
dent
at
leas
t in
part
upon
whe
ther
the
offe
nder
has
prio
r crim
inal
off
ense
s.
For
exam
ple,
in V
irgi
nia,
a f
irst
-tim
e fe
lon
is e
ligib
le fo
r par
ole
afte
r se
rvin
g on
e-qu
arte
r of t
he s
ente
nce
impo
sed
or tw
elve
yea
rs, w
hich
ever
is
shor
ter,
a se
cond
-tim
e fe
lon
is
elig
ible
aft
er se
rvin
g on
e-th
ird o
f th
e te
rm o
r th
irtee
n ye
ars,
whi
chev
er is
sh
orte
r, a
thir
d-tim
e fe
lon
is e
ligib
le
afte
r ser
ving
one
-hal
f of
the term o
r fo
urte
en y
ears
, whi
chev
er is
sho
rter;
and
a p
emn
con
vict
ed o
f fo
ur o
r m
ore
felo
nies
mus
t ser
ve th
ree-
fo
urth
s of
the
term
impo
sed
or fi
ftee
n ye
ars,
whi
chev
er is
sho
rter
, bef
ore
beco
min
g el
igib
le fo
r par
ole.
Pe
nnsy
lvan
ia's
stat
ute r
equi
res
the
paro
le b
oard
to c
onsi
der,
amon
g ot
her
thin
gs, t
he n
atur
e an
d ch
arac
ter o
f th
e of
fens
e com
mitt
ed a
nd th
e ch
arac
ter
and
hist
ory
of t
he p
rison
er.
In t
his
rega
rd, t
he b
oard
is re
quire
d to
in
vest
igat
e eac
h pe
rson
com
mitt
ed to
pr
ison
who
is
elig
ible
for p
arol
e an
d to
obt
ain,
am
ong
othe
r thi
ngs,
"th
e co
mpl
ete
crim
inal
reco
rd, a
s fa
r as
the
sam
e m
ay b
e kn
own.
" N
evad
a la
w re
quire
s the
par
ole
boar
d to
est
ablis
h an
d en
forc
e pa
role
re
leas
e st
anda
rds d
esig
ned
in part
to
"lim
it th
e re
leas
e of
per
sons
with
a
hist
ory
of r
epet
itive
crim
inal
co
nduc
t" A
rizon
a la
w m
akes
the
rate
at
whi
ch g
ood
time
cred
its a
re e
arne
d de
pend
ent u
pon
the
exis
tenc
e and
na
ture
of
prio
r co
nvic
tions
. O
ther
pr
ovis
ions
of A
rizon
a la
w a
utho
rize
th
e D
epar
tmen
t of C
orre
ctio
ns
dire
ctor
to c
onsi
der a
n in
mat
e's
prio
r record in
dec
idin
g w
heth
er to
rele
ase
on w
ork
furlo
ugh
or to
gra
nt e
arly
pa
role
bec
ause
of
pris
on c
row
ding
.
Stat
utes
Req
uirin
g th
e U
se of
Cri
min
al H
isto
ry R
ecor
d In
form
atio
n
Man
y of
the
Sta
te la
ws
that
pr
ovid
e fo
r enh
ance
d se
nten
ces f
or
repe
at o
ffen
ders
or h
abitu
al o
ffen
ders
al
so p
rohi
bit o
r lim
it re
leas
e of
suc
h of
fend
ers o
n pa
role
. In
add
ition
, m
any
Stat
es h
ave
othe
r sta
tuto
ry
prov
isio
ns th
at p
rohi
bit o
r lim
it pa
role
for c
erta
in o
ffen
ders
with
sp
ecifi
ed p
rior c
onvi
ctio
ns.
For
exam
ple,
Virg
inia
law
pro
hibi
ts
paro
le fo
r any
one c
onvi
cted
thre
e or
mor
e tim
es o
f en
umer
ated
ser
ious
fe
loni
es o
r enu
mer
ated
dru
g of
fens
es.
Wes
t Virg
inia
law
pro
vide
s tha
t a
pers
on c
onvi
cted
for t
he th
ird
or
subs
eque
nt ti
me
of a
felo
ny m
ay n
ot
be p
arol
ed p
rior t
o se
rvin
g th
e m
inim
um te
rm p
rovi
ded
by la
w f
or
the
new
off
ense
and
a pe
rson
se
nten
ced
to li
fe w
ho h
as tw
o or
mor
e pr
ior
felo
ny c
onvi
ctio
ns m
ay n
ot b
e pa
role
d pr
ior
to se
rvin
g 15
year
s. So
uth
Car
olin
a la
w p
rohi
bits
par
ole
for p
erso
ns c
onvi
cted
for t
he s
econ
d or
subs
eque
nt ti
me
of s
peci
fied
viol
ent o
ffen
ses.
In
Ala
bam
a, p
arol
e is
pro
hibi
ted
for a
ny p
erso
n gi
ven
a lif
e se
nten
ce w
ho h
as p
revi
ousl
y be
en
conv
icte
d of
a C
lass
A fe
lony
or a
ny
pers
on c
onvi
cted
of a
n en
umer
ated
se
riou
s fel
ony
who
has
bee
n co
nvic
ted
of a
felo
ny re
sulti
ng in
se
riou
s inj
ury
with
in th
e pr
evio
us
five
yea
rs.
Ariz
ona
proh
ibits
par
ole
for s
econ
d or
sub
sequ
ent o
ffen
ses o
f sex
ual
assa
ult a
gain
st a
spou
se o
r sex
ual
offe
nses
aga
inst
child
ren,
as
wel
l as
for e
num
erat
ed o
ffen
ses c
omm
itted
w
hile
on
rele
ase
from
con
finem
ent.
Arizona,
Cal
iforn
ia an
d M
aryl
and
proh
ibit
or li
mit
paro
le fo
r per
sons
co
nvic
ted
of e
num
erat
ed d
rug
offe
nses
w
ho h
ave
prio
r con
vict
ions
for s
uch
offe
nses
. H
awai
i and
Nor
th C
arol
ina
have
pro
visi
ons p
rohi
bitin
g or
lim
iting
par
ole
for e
num
erat
ed re
peat
of
fens
es in
volv
ing
dead
ly w
eapo
ns.
Cal
iforn
ia an
d O
rego
n ha
ve
prov
isio
ns li
miti
ng o
r den
ying
par
ole
for p
erso
ns c
onvi
cted
of m
urde
r who
ha
ve p
rior m
urde
r con
vict
ions
.
Stat
utes
Req
uiri
ng th
e U
se of
Cri
min
al H
isto
ry R
ecor
d In
form
atio
n
t
Tab
le 9
S
tatu
tes
prov
idin
g th
at p
arol
e el
igib
iiity
sha
ii or
may
be
affe
cted
by
prio
r co
nvl
ctlo
ns
(N
ote:
S
tate
s w
hich
Sta
te
Ala
bam
a
Ala
ska
Ari
zona
Ark
ansa
s
Cal
ifor
nia
Col
orad
o
Flo
rida
Geo
rgia
&no
t hav
e st
aact
Ls p
rovi
ding
tha
t par
ole
Cit
atio
n
15-22-27.1
15-22-27.2
33.16.090, .lo0
33.16.110
41-1604.07
13-604
13-604.01
13-604.02
3 1-233.01
3 1-233(I)
13-1406.01
16-93-601thru 610
Pen.
Cod
e 5 667.7
Pen
. C
ode
# 667.75
Pen.
Cod
e 5 190.05
Pen
. C
ode
# 190.2
17-22.5-303.5
947.002, .I65
17-10-7
elig
ibili
ty s
hall
or
may
be
offr
cted
by
pri
or
con
vict
ww
are
om
itted
fmm
flu
tab
k.)
Sta
tuto
ry p
rovi
sio
n
(Sta
tuto
ry p
mvi
rio
w a
re s
um
miz
ed
orp
arap
hra
sed
)
Pers
on c
onvi
cted
of
mur
der
or a
vio
lent
fel
cny
resu
lting
in
seri
ous
inju
ry w
ho h
as a
con
vict
ion
for
a vi
olen
t fe
lony
with
in p
revi
ous
five
ye
ars
is i
nelig
ible
for
par
ole.
Per
son
give
n li
fe s
ente
nce
for
seco
nd c
lass
A f
elon
y is
ine
ligib
le f
or
paro
le.
Lim
its e
ligi
bili
ty fo
r di
scre
tiona
ry p
arol
e fo
r pe
rson
s se
nten
ced
to
enha
nced
term
s as
rep
eat o
ffen
ders
.
Pro
vide
s th
at t
he p
arol
e bo
ard
shal
l con
side
r th
e pr
esen
tenc
e re
port
co
mpi
led
for
the
sent
enci
ng c
ourt
, in
clud
ing
the
pris
oner
's c
rim
inal
an
d ju
veni
le h
isto
ry a
nd h
is p
revi
ous
expe
rien
ce o
n pa
role
or
prob
atio
n.
Bas
es r
ates
of
earn
ed re
leas
e cr
edits
upo
n, a
mon
g ot
her
thin
gs,
prio
r cr
imin
al r
ecor
d.
Lim
its p
arol
e el
igib
ility
[pe
rson
mus
t se
rve
a de
sign
ated
num
ber
of
year
s be
fore
bec
omin
g el
igib
le f
or p
arol
e co
nsid
erat
ion]
for
dan
gero
us
and
repe
titiv
e of
fend
ers,
bas
ed u
pon
the
seri
ousn
ess
of t
he o
ffen
se a
nd
the
num
ber
and
seri
ousn
ess
of p
rior
off
ense
s.
Lim
its p
arol
e el
igib
ility
for
per
sons
con
vict
ed o
f da
nger
ous
crim
es
agai
nst c
hild
ren
who
hav
e pr
ior
conv
ictio
ns f
or s
uch
offe
nses
.
Lim
its p
arol
e el
igib
ilit
y fo
r pe
rson
s co
nvic
ted
of f
elon
ies
whi
le o
n pa
role
, pr
obat
ions
or
any
othe
r fo
rm o
f re
leas
e.
Pro
vide
s th
at e
ligib
ility
for
rel
ease
on
wor
k fu
rlou
gh s
hall
depe
nd o
n,
amon
g ot
her
thin
gs,
the
pris
oner
's p
rior
cri
min
al r
ecor
d.
Pro
hibi
ts e
arly
rel
ease
(be
caus
e of
ove
rcro
wdi
ng) o
f pr
ison
ers
with
pr
ior
felo
ny c
onvi
ctio
ns.
Lim
its p
arol
e el
igib
ility
for
per
sons
con
vict
ed f
or a
sec
ond
or
subs
eque
nt ti
me
of s
exua
l ass
ault
of a
spo
use.
Est
ablis
hes
paro
le e
ligib
ility
dep
endi
ng o
n da
te o
f of
fens
e,
seri
ousn
ess
of o
ffen
se a
nd p
rior
cri
min
al r
ecor
d.
Lim
its p
arol
e el
igib
ility
for
hab
itual
off
ende
rs b
ased
upo
n nu
mbe
r of
pr
ior
pris
on t
erm
s se
rved
for
enu
mer
ated
ser
ious
off
ense
s.
Lim
its p
arol
e el
igib
ility
for
per
sons
con
vict
ed o
f en
umer
ated
dru
g of
fens
es w
ho h
ave
serv
ed p
rior
pri
son
term
s fo
r dr
ug o
ffen
ses.
Pro
vide
s fo
r lif
e se
nten
ce w
ithou
t pa
role
for
a p
erso
n co
nvic
ted
of
seco
nd d
egre
e m
urde
r w
ho h
as s
erve
d a
pris
on te
rm f
or m
urde
r.
Pro
vide
s fo
r li
fe w
ithou
t par
ole
for
a pe
rson
con
vict
ed o
f fi
rst
degr
ee
mur
der
who
has
a p
rior
con
vict
ion
for
mur
der.
Est
ablis
hes
paro
le g
uide
lines
tha
t se
t ou
t ag
grav
atin
g ci
rcum
stan
ces
affe
ctin
g th
e le
ngth
and
con
ditio
ns o
f pa
role
, in
clud
ing
whe
ther
the
of
fend
er w
as o
n pa
role
or
prob
atio
n w
hen
he c
omitt
ed th
e cr
ime
for
whi
ch h
e w
as c
omm
itted
and
th
e of
fend
er h
as n
umer
ous
or
incr
easi
ngly
ser
ious
adu
lt or
juv
enile
con
vict
ions
.
Pro
vide
s fo
r es
tabl
ishm
ent o
f ob
ject
ive
paro
le c
rite
ria
for
pers
ons
serv
ing
paro
le-e
ligib
le s
ente
nces
bas
ed u
pon
the
offe
nder
's p
rese
nt
crim
inal
off
ense
and
his
pas
t cr
imin
al r
ecor
d.
Pro
hibi
ts p
arol
e fo
r per
sons
con
vict
ed o
f a
felo
ny f
or t
he f
ourt
h or
su
bseq
uent
tim
e.
Stat
utes
Req
uiri
ng th
e U
se o
f C
rim
inal
His
tory
Rec
ord
Info
rmat
ion
Tab
le 9
57
Tab
le 9
(co
nt.)
S
tatu
tes
prov
ldin
g th
at p
aro
le e
liglb
iiity
sh
all o
r m
ay b
e af
fect
ed b
y p
rio
r co
nvi
ctio
ns
(N
ote:
Sta
tes
whi
ch &
not h
ave
stat
ute
spro
vidi
ng that
paro
k el
igib
ility
shal
l or
may
be
@ec
ted
by p
rior
con
vict
ionx
are
om
itte
dfro
m the table.)
Sta
te
Haw
aii
Idah
o
Illi
nois
Indi
ana
Iow
a
Kan
sas
Ken
tuck
y
Lou
isia
na
Mar
ylan
d
Mas
sach
uset
ts
Mic
higa
n
Cit
atlo
n
706-
669
706-
660.
1
20-2
23(b
)
38-1
003-
3-4
38-1
005-
5-3
11-1
3-3-
3
90
2.8
90
2.1
1
90
6.5
22-3
717(
f)
532.
045
439.
340
I 15
57
4.4
Cod
e C
rim
. Pro
c. a
rt.
875.
8
76
27-2
86.
-286
D
27-6
43B
127-
133B
94C
-32H
333.
7413
Sta
tuto
ry p
rovi
sio
n
(Sta
tuto
rypr
ovir
iom
me
mm
man
'zed
or p
map
hrar
cd.)
Req
uire
s th
e st
ate
paro
ling
aut
hori
ty t
o es
tabl
ish
guid
elin
es f
or
dete
rmin
ing
min
imum
ter
ms
of i
mpr
ison
men
t, ta
king
int
o ac
coun
t th
e se
riou
snes
s of
the
off
ense
and
the
off
ende
r's p
rior
cri
min
al h
isto
ry.
Pro
vide
s fo
r m
anda
tory
term
s of
im
pris
onm
ent w
itho
ut p
arol
e fo
r
pers
ons
wnv
icte
d of
sec
ond
or s
ubse
quen
t fir
earm
fel
ony
offe
nses
.
Pro
vide
s th
at p
erso
ns s
ervi
ng s
ente
nces
for
sex
off
ense
s w
ho h
ave
a hi
stor
y of
pre
viou
s se
x of
fens
es s
hall
be
inel
igib
le f
or p
arol
e.
Pro
vide
s th
at p
arol
e bo
ard
shal
l m
ake
its
dete
rmin
atio
n ba
sed
upon
, am
ong
othe
r th
ings
, th
e pr
esen
tenc
e re
port
(w
hich
con
tain
s
-in
form
atio
n ab
out
the
offe
nder
's c
rim
inal
his
tory
).
Pro
vide
s fo
r se
nten
cing
cer
tain
off
ende
rs to
ter
ms
of i
mpr
ison
men
t w
itho
ut p
arol
e ba
sed
upon
pri
or c
rim
inal
his
tory
.
Pro
vide
s th
at p
arol
e de
cisi
ons
shal
l be
bas
ed i
n pa
rt u
pon
inm
ates
' pa
st c
rim
inal
his
tori
es.
Hab
itua
l off
ende
rs n
ot e
ligi
ble
for
paro
le u
ntil
min
imum
sen
tenc
e is
se
rved
.
Pers
on c
onvi
cted
of
a fo
rcib
le f
elon
y w
ith
a pr
ior
viol
ent
felo
ny
conv
icti
on o
r co
nvic
ted
of a
non
forc
ible
fel
ony
wit
h a
prio
r fo
rcib
le
felo
ny c
onvi
ctio
n w
ithi
n pr
evio
us f
ive
year
s is
ine
ligi
ble
for
paro
le
unti
l hal
f of
max
imum
sen
tenc
e is
ser
ved.
Par
ole
boar
d to
con
side
r pr
evio
us c
rim
inal
his
tory
.
Par
ole
boar
d to
con
side
r pr
evio
us c
rim
inal
his
tory
.
Proh
ibits
par
ole
for
pers
ons
conv
icte
d of
sec
ond
or s
ubse
quen
t sex
of
fens
e ag
ains
t a
min
or.
Paro
le b
oard
req
uire
d to
obt
ain
crim
inal
his
tory
rec
ord
of a
ll pa
role
-
elig
ible
off
ende
rs.
Boa
rd s
hall
con
side
r pr
evio
us c
rim
inal
reco
rd i
n
paro
le d
ecis
ions
.
Port
ion
of s
ente
nce
that
con
vict
ed f
elon
mus
t se
rve
befo
re p
arol
e
elig
ibil
ity
depe
nden
t up
on n
umbe
rs o
f pr
evio
us f
elon
y co
nvic
tion
s
and
whe
ther
pre
viou
s se
nten
ce h
as b
een
serv
ed.
Par
ole
boar
d sh
all
cons
ider
pre
viou
s cr
imin
al r
ecor
d.
Req
uire
s pr
esen
tenc
e re
port
(w
ith
crim
inal
his
tory
) to
be
sent
to
divi
sion
of
prob
atio
n an
d pa
role
with
com
mit
ted
offe
nder
.
Kit
s pa
role
eli
gibi
lity
for
per
sons
con
vict
ed o
f re
peat
dru
g
viol
atio
ns.
Pro
vide
s fo
r m
anda
tory
25-
year
ter
m w
ith l
imit
ed p
arol
e el
igib
ilit
y fo
r
pers
on c
onvi
cted
of
thir
d cr
ime
of v
iole
nce
who
has
ser
ved
at l
east
one
pr
ior
pris
on te
rm f
or a
cri
me
of v
iole
nce.
Pro
vide
s fo
r li
fe w
itho
ut
paro
le f
or f
ourt
h co
nvic
tion
for
a c
rim
e of
vio
lenc
e.
Per
son
conv
icte
d as
hab
itua
l off
ende
r no
t el
igib
le f
or p
arol
e un
til
half
of
max
imum
term
is
serv
ed.
Pers
on c
onvi
cted
of
repe
at d
rug
offe
nses
not
eli
gibl
e fo
r pa
role
unt
il
man
dato
ry m
inim
um te
rm i
s se
rved
.
Pers
on c
onvi
cted
of
drug
traf
fick
ing
for
seco
nd o
r su
bseq
uent
tim
e .s
ente
nced
to l
ife
wit
hout
par
ole.
58
Tab
le 9
St
atut
es R
equi
ring
the
Qse
of C
rim
inal
His
tory
Rec
ord
Info
rmat
ion
Tabi
e 9
(con
t.)
Sta
tute
s pr
ovid
ing
that
par
ole
elig
iblil
ty s
hall
or m
ay b
e af
fect
ed b
y pr
ior
conv
lctlo
ns
(Not
e: S
tate
s w
hzh
do
nor h
ave
stnh
rtes
pro
vidn
g th
ar p
arol
e el
rgrb
ilrry
sha
ll or
may
be
qTec
ted
by p
rior
con
vicr
iorr
r me
omin
ed fr
om r
he t
able
.)
Sta
te
Cita
tion
Sta
tuto
ry p
rovi
sion
(S
tatu
tory
prov
isio
ns m
e su
mm
arka
d or
par
aphm
rad)
Min
neso
ta
243.
05
Pers
on s
ente
nced
to l
ife
for m
urde
r w
ho h
as a
pre
viou
s fe
lony
co
nvic
tion
mus
t se
rve
25 y
ears
bef
ore
paro
le e
ligi
bili
ty.
Par
ole
boar
d m
ay c
onsi
der
prev
ious
cri
min
al h
isto
ries
in
cons
ider
ing
paro
le o
f pa
role
-eli
gibl
e in
mat
es.
609.
184
Man
dato
ry t
erm
of
life
wit
hout
par
ole
for
pers
on c
onvi
cted
of
firs
t de
gree
mur
der
who
has
one
or
mor
e pr
ior
conv
icti
ons
for
a he
inou
s cr
ime.
Mis
siss
ippi
99
-19-
81
Max
imum
sen
tenc
e w
ithou
t pa
role
for
per
sons
sen
tenc
ed as
habi
tual
cr
imin
als
(fel
ony
conv
icti
on w
ith t
wo
or m
ore
prev
ious
fel
ony
conv
icti
ons
and
sent
ence
s).
99-1
9-81
L
ife
with
out p
arol
e fo
r ha
bitu
al c
rim
inal
s (a
s ab
ove)
if o
ne o
r m
ore
of
the
prio
rs w
as a
cri
me
of v
iole
nce.
47-7
-3
Per
sons
con
vict
ed a
nd s
ente
nced
as
habi
tual
cri
min
als
not
elig
ible
for
pa
role
.
47-7
-17
Paro
le b
oard
sha
ll c
onsi
der
prev
ious
cri
min
al r
ecor
d.
47-7
-19
Judg
es,
pros
ecut
ors
and
poli
ce o
ffic
ers
to f
urni
sh p
revi
ous
hist
ory
info
rmat
ion
to t
he p
arol
e bo
ard.
Mis
sour
i 21
7.76
0 B
oard
of
prob
atio
n an
d pa
role
to
mak
e pr
esen
tenc
e in
vest
igat
ion
and
repo
rt,
incl
udin
g pr
evio
us c
rim
inal
his
tory
, be
fore
im
posi
tion
of
sent
ence
or
gran
ting
of
prob
atio
n or
par
ole.
Mon
tana
46
-23-
201,
202
P
arol
e bo
ard
shal
l co
nsid
er p
revi
ous
crim
inal
his
tory
. N
ebra
ska
83-1
114(
2)(j
) B
oard
of
paro
le s
hall
con
side
r pr
evio
us c
rim
inal
his
tory
. N
evad
a 21
3.10
987
Par
ole
boar
d sh
all
adop
t st
anda
rds
whi
ch s
hall
, am
ong
othe
r th
ings
, pr
ovid
e fo
r lo
nger
ter
ms
for
pers
ons
with
his
tory
of
repe
titi
ve
crim
inal
con
duct
.
New
Jer
sey
30:4
-123
.54
Par
ole
boar
d sh
all c
ompi
le r
epor
t on
eli
gibl
e in
mat
es, i
nclu
ding
pre
- in
carc
erat
ion
reco
rds.
2C:
14-6
P
erso
ns c
onvi
cted
of
seco
nd o
r su
bseq
uent
sex
off
ense
not
eli
gibl
e fo
r pa
role
soo
ner t
han
five
yea
rs o
r fi
xed
min
imum
sen
tenc
e, w
hich
ever
is
long
er.
New
Mex
ico
31-2
1-10
A
Par
ole
boar
d sh
all c
onsi
der
inm
ate'
s re
cord
and
par
ticu
larl
y w
heth
er h
e is
an
habi
tual
off
ende
r.
New
York
Cr.
Pro
c. L
aw Q
390
.60
Pre
sent
ence
repo
rt,
whi
ch i
nclu
des
info
rmat
ion
on p
revi
ous
crim
inal
hi
stor
y, m
ust
be d
eliv
ered
to
inst
itut
iona
l au
thor
itie
s.
Exe
c. L
aw Q
259
-a
Par
ole
boar
d sh
all p
repa
re c
ompl
ete
repo
rts
on i
nmat
es th
at m
ust
incl
ude
pres
ente
nce
repo
rts
(whi
ch i
nclu
de c
rim
inal
his
tori
es).
Exe
c. L
aw 3
259
c.3
Paro
le b
oard
sha
ll h
ave
inm
ate
reco
rds,
inc
ludi
ng p
ast
crim
inal
hi
stor
ies,
rea
dy f
or p
arol
e co
nsid
erat
ion.
Nor
th C
arol
ina
14-2
.1
Pers
ons
conv
icte
d of
sec
ond
felo
ny w
ith u
se o
f de
adly
wea
pon
wit
hin
seve
n-ye
ar p
erio
d sh
all
serv
e at
lea
st s
even
yea
rs b
efor
e pa
role
.
Nor
th D
akot
a 12
-59-
05
Par
ole
boar
d sh
all
cons
ider
pre
viou
s cr
imin
al h
isto
ry.
Ohi
o 29
67.3
1 E
ligi
bili
ty f
or s
hock
par
ole
depe
nden
t in
par
t up
on p
rior
cri
min
al
hist
ory.
Okl
ahom
a C
onst
., ar
t. 6
Q 10
E
stab
lish
es p
ardo
n an
d pa
role
boa
rd.
Gra
nts
legi
slat
ure
the
auth
orit
y to
pre
scri
be m
inim
um m
anda
tory
term
s w
itho
ut p
arol
e fo
r pe
rson
co
nvic
ted
of f
elon
ies
for
the
thud
tim
e.
Stat
utes
Req
uiri
ng th
e U
se o
f C
rim
inal
His
tory
Rec
ord
Info
rmat
ion
Tab
le 9
59
Tabl
e 9
(con
t.)
Sta
tute
s pr
ovld
lng
that
par
ole
ellg
lblll
ty s
hal
l or
may
be
affe
cted
by
pri
or
con
vlct
lon
s (Note: S
tats
~whi
ch d
o no
t hav
e s
ta
m pr
ovid
ing
that
pwol
e el
igib
ility
shal
l or
may
be
dec
ted
by
prio
r co
nvic
tions
are
om
itted
fro
m th#
tabl
e.)
Sta
te
Clt
atlo
n
Ore
gon
144.
120
163.
095
Pen
nsyl
vani
a 61
-331
.19
Pue
rto
Ric
o 4-
1503
Rho
de I
slan
d 13
-8-1
3
13-8
-14.
1
Sou
th C
arol
ina
17-2
5-45
24-2
1-64
0
Sou
th D
akot
a 24
-13-
7
Ten
ness
ee
40-3
5-20
3
Tex
as
Cod
e C
rim
. R
oc.
art
. 42.
18 Q
8(
e)
Ver
mon
t 13
-231
1
28-5
01(c
)
Vir
gini
a 53
.1-1
51
Was
hing
ton
9.95
.009
Wes
t V
irgi
nia
62-1
2-7
62-1
2-13
Wis
cons
in
972.
15(5
)
Sta
tuto
ry p
rovi
sio
n
(Sta
tuto
ry pr
ovir
ions
are
sum
mar
ized
orp
arap
hra
sed.
)
Par
ole
boar
d m
ay c
hoos
e no
t to
par
ole
pers
on w
hose
pre
sent
off
ense
w
as p
rece
ded
by t
wo
or m
ore
clas
s A
or
B f
elon
ies.
Pers
ons
conv
icte
d fo
r se
cond
tim
e of
mur
der
shal
l be
sent
ence
d to
lif
e
wit
hout
par
ole.
Par
ole
boar
d sh
all o
btai
n an
d co
nsid
er i
nmat
e's
com
plet
e cr
imin
al
hist
ory
as f
ar a
s known.
Par
ole
boar
d sh
all
cons
ider
inf
orm
atio
n ab
out p
rior
cri
min
al
back
grou
nd.
Per
sons
ser
ving
life
sen
tenc
es c
onvi
cted
of
esca
pe s
hall
ser
ve 2
5 ye
ars
w
ithou
t par
ole
and
each
sub
sequ
ent e
scap
e co
nvic
tion
sha
ll a
dd f
ive
ye
ars
wit
hout
par
ole.
P
arol
e bo
ard
may
var
y fr
om e
stab
lish
ed p
arol
e st
anda
rds
base
d up
on
inm
ate'
s pr
ior
crim
inal
rec
ord.
Pers
ons
conv
icte
d of
thi
rd c
rim
e of
vio
lenc
e se
nten
ced
to l
ife
wit
hout
pa
role
.
Par
ole
proh
ibit
ed f
or p
erso
ns s
ervi
ng s
econ
d or
sub
sequ
ent
sent
ence
fo
r a
viol
ent c
rim
e.
Par
ole
boar
d m
ay c
onsi
der
the
inm
ate'
s pr
ior
crim
inal
his
tory
in
gr
anti
ng o
r de
nyin
g pa
role
.
Res
ente
nce
repo
rt (
incl
udin
g cr
imin
al h
isto
ry i
nfor
mat
ion)
mus
t be
su
bmit
ted
to d
epar
tmen
t of
cone
ctio
ns a
nd p
arol
e bo
ard
for
all
offe
nder
s se
nten
ced
to a
yea
r or
mor
e.
Pard
on a
nd p
arol
e bo
ard
mus
t co
mpi
le a
nd c
onsi
der
inm
ates
' pri
or
crim
inal
his
tori
es.
Pers
on w
ho i
s co
nvic
ted
of m
urde
r an
d ha
s a
prio
r m
urde
r co
nvic
tion
sh
all b
e se
nten
ced
to l
ife
wit
hout
par
ole.
Par
ole
boar
d sh
all
obta
in a
nd c
onsi
der
inm
ates
' pr
ior
crim
inal
hi
stor
ies.
Rep
eat
felo
ny o
ffen
ders
requ
ired
to
serv
e in
crea
sing
por
tion
s of
se
nten
ces
befo
re p
arol
e, d
epen
ding
on
num
ber
of p
rior
fel
ony
co
nvic
tion
s, u
p to
thr
ee-f
ourt
hs o
f se
nten
ce f
or f
ourt
h o
r su
bseq
uent
co
nvic
tion
. P
erso
ns s
ente
nced
to t
wo
or m
ore
life
sen
tenc
es, n
ot
elig
ible
for
par
ole
befo
re s
ervi
ng 2
0 ye
ars.
P
erso
ns c
onvi
cted
for
th
ird
felo
ny d
rug
traf
fick
ing
offe
nse
are
inel
igib
le f
or p
arol
e.
Per
sons
co
nvic
ted
for
thir
d vi
olen
t fe
lony
are
ine
ligi
ble
for
paro
le.
Par
ole
abol
ishe
d fo
r cr
imes
com
mit
ted
afte
r Ju
ly 1
, 19
84.
Par
ole
boar
d sh
all
obta
in a
nd c
onsi
der
inm
ates
' pr
ior
crim
inal
hi
stor
ies.
Pers
on s
ente
nced
for
thir
d or
sub
sequ
ent f
elon
y co
nvic
tion
mus
t se
rve
m
inim
um s
ente
nce
befo
re p
arol
e.
Per
son
sent
ence
d to
lif
e w
ho h
as
two
or m
ore
prio
r fe
lony
con
vict
ions
mus
t se
rve
15 y
ears
bef
ore
pa
role
. P
arol
e bo
ard
mus
t ob
tain
aut
hent
ic c
opy
of p
riso
ner's
Sta
te o
r
Fed
eral
cri
min
al h
isto
ry r
ecor
d.
Res
ente
nce
repo
rt,
whi
ch i
nclu
des
crim
inal
his
tory
inf
orm
atio
n, m
ay
be u
sed
for
paro
le c
onsi
dera
tion
s.
60
Tab
le 9
St
atut
es R
equi
ring
the
Use
of C
rim
inal
His
tory
Rec
ord
Info
rmat
ion
Tabl
e 9
(con
t.)
Sta
tute
s pr
ovld
ing
that
par
ole
ellg
ibill
ty s
hall
or m
ay b
e af
fect
ed b
y pr
ior
conv
ictio
ns
(Not
e: S
tatc
s w
hich
do
not h
e stat
utes
pro
vidi
ng t
hat p
arol
e el
igib
ility
sha
ll or
may
be
&c&
d by
pri
or c
onvi
ctio
ns am o
m'I
trdf
rom
the
tab
&.)
Sta
te
Clta
tlon
Sta
tuto
ry p
rovl
sion
(S
tatu
tory
prov
irio
ns crrs m
mm
arir
cd o
r pm
+ed
)
Wyo
min
g 7-
13-1
04
Boa
rd o
f pa
role
sha
ll ob
tain
info
rmat
ion
on in
mat
es f
rom
the
divi
sion
of
cri
min
al i
nves
tigat
ion.
7-
13-4
02
Priso
ner
is n
ot e
ligib
le fo
r pa
role
if h
e ha
s pr
evio
usly
esc
aped
or
help
ed o
ther
s to
esc
ape.
Stat
utes
Req
uiri
ng th
e U
se of
Criminal
His
tory
Rec
ord
Info
rmat
ion
Tab
le 9
61
Par
?V:
Pos
sess
ion
of F
irea
rms
by C
onvi
cted
Fel
ons
A p
rovi
sion
of
Fede
ral l
aw, 1
8 U
.S.C
. 8
922(
g), m
akes
it
unla
wfu
l fo
r any
per
son
who
has
bee
n co
nvic
ted
of a
felo
ny5
in a
ny F
eder
al
or S
tate
cou
rt to
pos
sess
, tra
nspo
rt o
r re
ceiv
e an
y fn
earm
or a
mm
uniti
on
whi
ch h
as b
een
ship
ped
or tr
ansp
orte
d in
inte
rsta
te c
omm
erce
. In
add
ition
to
the
Fede
ral p
rovi
sion
, 43
Stat
es, t
he
Dis
tric
t of
Col
umbi
a an
d th
e V
irgin
Is
land
s ha
ve p
rovi
sion
s in
thei
r pe
nal
code
s m
akin
g it
a cr
imin
al o
ffen
se,
usua
lly a
felo
ny, f
or a
per
son
prev
ious
ly c
onvi
cted
of
a fe
lony
to
own,
pos
sess
or c
arry
a fi
rear
m.
(See
T
able
10.
) So
me
of t
hese
law
s ap
ply
to o
nly
cert
ain
type
s of
fire
arm
s (s
uch
as h
andg
uns)
, som
e ap
ply
to o
ther
ty
pes o
f de
adly
wea
pons
as
wel
l, an
d so
me
appl
y on
ly if
the
wea
pon
is
conc
eale
d or
con
ceal
able
. V
imta
lly
all o
f th
e la
ws
outla
w p
osse
ssio
n or
ow
ners
hip
of f
near
ms o
r oth
er
desi
gnat
ed w
eapo
ns b
y pe
rson
s co
nvic
ted
of d
esig
nate
d cr
imin
al
offe
nses
in a
ny S
tate
or F
eder
al c
ourt
and,
in s
ome
case
s, in
the
terr
itori
es
or in
oth
er c
ount
ries
as
wel
l. A
s an
exa
mpl
e, C
alif
orni
a la
w
mak
es it
a fe
lony
for
a p
erso
n to
po
sses
s an
y ty
pe o
f fir
earm
if t
he
pers
on h
as p
revi
ousl
y be
en c
onvi
cted
of
a fe
lony
or
a de
sign
ated
vio
lent
of
fens
e und
er C
alifo
rnia
law
, Fed
eral
la
w o
r the
law
s of
"an
y ot
her s
tate
, go
vern
men
t or c
ount
ry."
Ariz
ona
law
m
akes
it a
cri
min
al o
ffen
se fo
r any
pe
rson
to p
osse
ss a
fire
arm
or o
ther
w
eapo
n de
sign
ed fo
r let
hal u
se if
suc
h
5~ f
elon
y is
def
ined
as
a cr
ime
puni
shab
le b
y im
priso
nmen
t for
a te
rm
exce
edin
g on
e ye
ar.
pers
on p
revi
ousl
y ha
s be
en c
onvi
cted
"w
ithin
or
with
out t
his
stat
e" o
f a
felo
ny in
volv
ing
viol
ence
or
poss
essi
on o
r use
of
a de
adly
wea
pon.
Fl
orid
a la
w m
akes
ow
ners
hip
or
poss
essi
on o
f a
fnea
rm a
felo
ny
offe
nse
if th
e ow
ner o
r pos
sess
or h
as
been
con
vict
ed o
f a
felo
ny in
the
cour
ts o
f Fl
orid
a, th
e U
nite
d St
ates
, "o
r an
y ot
her s
tate
, tem
tory
or
coun
try."
A
lask
a la
w, o
n th
e ot
her h
and,
ap
plie
s onl
y to
fir
earm
s cap
able
of
bein
g co
ncea
led
on th
e pe
rson
. It
m
akes
pos
sess
ion
of s
uch
a fir
earm
a
felo
ny if
the
pers
on h
as p
revi
ousl
y be
en c
onvi
cted
of
a fe
lony
by
a Fe
dera
l cou
rt, a
cou
rt o
f A
lask
a or
a
cour
t of
"ano
ther
sta
te o
r te
mto
ry."
In
Kan
sas,
it is
a fe
lony
for
a p
erso
n to
pos
sess
a fi
rear
m w
ith a
bar
rel l
ess
than
12
inch
es lo
ng if
the
per
son
has
prev
ious
ly b
een
conv
icte
d of
a fe
lony
un
der t
he la
ws
of Kansas
or a
ny o
ther
ju
risd
ictio
n.
Illin
ois l
aw, a
s a
fina
l ex
ampl
e, m
akes
it a
cri
min
al o
ffen
se
for a
per
son
to p
osse
ss a
ny f
nean
n or
am
mun
ition
if p
revi
ousl
y co
nvic
ted
of a
felo
ny u
nder
the
law
s of
the
Stat
e of
Illi
nois
. A
lthou
gh v
aryi
ng s
omew
hat i
n sc
ope,
all
of t
hese
law
s an
d th
e ot
hers
lis
ied
in T
able
10
have
one
thin
g in
co
mm
on.
The
y re
quir
e, fo
r eff
ectiv
e en
forc
emen
t, th
at la
w e
nfor
cem
ent
offi
cial
s hav
e so
me
mea
ns o
f qu
ickl
y de
term
inin
g w
heth
er p
erso
ns th
ey
enco
unte
r who
hav
e fir
earm
s or o
ther
pr
ohib
ited
wea
pons
in th
eir
poss
essi
on h
ave
prev
ious
fel
ony
conv
ictio
ns in
the
sta
te o
r in
oth
er
juri
sdic
tions
. In
som
e ca
ses,
the
pers
ons
may
be
know
n to
law
en
forc
emen
t off
icia
ls a
s con
vict
ed
felo
ns.
In o
ther
cas
es, t
he p
erso
ns
may
be
subj
ect t
o ar
rest
for o
ther
of
fens
es?
ther
eby
prov
idin
g h
w
enfo
rcem
ent o
ffic
ials
with
suf
fici
ent
time
to d
eter
min
e w
heth
er th
e pe
rson
s ha
ve p
rior
felo
ny c
onvi
ctio
ns.
In
man
y ca
ses,
how
ever
, law
en
forc
emen
t off
icia
ls h
ave
no
effe
ctiv
e mea
ns o
f im
med
iate
ly
obta
inin
g su
ffic
ient
info
rmat
ion
abou
t a s
uspe
ct's
past
cri
min
al
invo
lvem
ent t
o be
abl
e to
det
erm
ine
whe
ther
the
pers
on h
as a
prio
r fe
lony
re
cord
, par
ticul
arly
if th
e co
nvic
tion
occu
rred
in a
noth
er S
tate
. A
cces
s to
on
-line
com
pute
riz&
crim
inal
his
twj
syst
ems,
incl
udin
g th
e in
ters
tate
sy
stem
ope
rate
d by
the
FB
I, m
ay
prov
ide
the
nece
ssar
y in
form
atio
n in
so
me
case
s.
In m
any
case
s, h
owev
er,
beca
use
info
rmat
ion
in t
he d
atab
ases
is
inco
mpl
ete,
the
avai
labl
e in
form
atio
n do
es n
ot in
clud
e co
urt
and
corr
ectio
nal d
ispo
sitio
ns o
r doe
s no
t inc
lude
suff
icie
nt in
form
atio
n to
de
term
ine
with
cer
tain
ty w
heth
er
reco
rded
con
vict
ions
wer
e fo
r fel
ony
offe
nses
. In
add
ition
, sin
ce a
cces
s to
the
info
rmat
ion
is li
mite
d to
nam
e se
arch
es, t
he u
se o
f fa
lse
nam
es c
an
caus
e ex
istin
g re
cord
s to
be
mis
sed.
%ern
e of
the
stat
es li
sted
in T
able
10
have
fir
ems
licen
sing
law
s w
hich
ge
nera
lly m
ake
it a
crim
inal
off
ense
to
poss
ess
a fir
earm
with
out
a lic
ense
. Pe
rson
s w
ith p
rior
fel
ony
conv
ictio
ns
usua
lly a
re n
ot e
ligib
le to
obt
ain
fiea
rms
licen
ses.
Stat
utes
Req
uiri
ng th
e U
se of
Cri
min
al H
isto
ry R
ecor
d In
form
atio
n
Tabl
e 10
S
tatu
tes
mak
lng
poss
essi
on o
f a
flrea
rm b
y a
conv
lcte
d fe
lon
a cr
lmln
al o
ffen
se
Sta
te
Cita
tion
P
roh
ibite
d
wea
po
ns*
If
prev
ious
ly
con
vict
ed o
f P
enal
ty
(or
off
ense
lev
el)
Uni
ted
Stat
es
18-9
22(g
), 9
24
Fire
arm
or
amm
uniti
on
ship
ped
in i
nter
stat
e A
ny f
elon
y**
Up
to 1
0 ye
ars
or
$5,0
00 f
ine,
or
both
co
mm
erce
Ala
bam
a 13
A-1
1-72
, 84
Pis
tols
C
rim
e of
vio
lenc
e or
U
p to
fiv
e ye
ars
atte
mpt
Ala
ska
11.6
1.20
0 C
once
alab
le f
irea
rm
Any
fel
ony
with
in f
ive
Cla
ss C
fel
ony
year
s***
Ari
zona
13
-310
1, 3
102
Fie
arm
or
leth
al
Vio
lent
fel
ony or
Cla
ss 6
fel
ony
wea
pon
poss
essi
on o
f de
adly
w
eapo
n
Ark
ansa
s 5-
73-1
03
Fire
arm
A
ny f
elon
y C
lass
D f
elon
y
Cal
ifor
nia
P. C
. 5
1202
1 Fi
rear
m
Any
fel
ony
Fel
ony
P. C
. 5
1256
0 Fi
rear
m
Felo
ny w
ith f
irea
rm
Up
to $
1,00
0 fi
ne or
one
year
, or
both
Col
orad
o 18
-12-
108
Fire
arm
or
dead
ly
Bur
glar
y, a
rson
or
Cla
ss 5
fel
ony;
sec
ond
wea
pon
felo
ny i
nvol
ving
or
sub
sequ
ent o
ffen
se is
vi
olen
ce o
r de
adly
cl
ass
4 fe
lony
w
eapo
n w
ithin
10
year
s
Con
nect
icut
53
a-21
7 H
andg
un o
r el
ectr
ic st
un
Cap
ital f
elon
y or
oth
er
Cla
ss D
felo
ny (
mus
t gu
n se
riou
s fe
lony
se
rve
two
year
s)
Del
awar
e 11
-144
8 D
eadl
y w
eapo
n Fe
lony
, cr
ime
of
Cla
ss E
fel
ony
viol
ence
or
cert
ain
drug
of
fens
es.
Dis
tric
t of
Col
umbi
a 22
-320
3, 2
2-32
15
Pis
tol
Felo
ny,
pand
erin
g,
Up
to $
1,00
0 fi
ne o
r ba
wdy
hou
se o
r on
e ye
ar,
or both.
vagr
ancy
Flo
rida
79
0.23
Fi
rear
m o
r el
ectr
ic s
tun
Fel
ony
Seco
nd d
egre
e fe
lony
gu
n
Haw
aii
134-
7(b)
, (f)
Fi
rear
m o
r am
mun
ition
C
rim
e of
vio
lenc
e or
C
lass
B f
elon
y dr
ug t
raff
icki
ng
Illi
nois
38
-24-
1.1
Fire
arm
, am
mun
ition
or
Any
fel
ony
Cla
ss 3
fel
ony
othe
r da
nger
ous
wea
pon
Iow
a 72
4.26
Fi
rear
m or
offe
nsiv
e A
ny f
elon
y A
ggra
vate
d w
eapo
n m
isde
mea
nor
Kan
sas
21.4
204
Fire
arm
with
bar
rel
Any
fel
ony
with
in f
ive
Cla
ss D
fel
ony
unde
r 12
" ye
ars
Ken
tuck
y 52
7.04
0 H
andg
un
Any
fel
ony
Cla
ss D
fel
ony
Lou
isia
na
14:9
5.1
Fire
arm
E
num
erat
ed s
erio
us
$3,0
00-5
,000
fin
e an
d fe
loni
es w
ithin
10
year
s th
ree
to 1
0 ye
ars
wit
hout
pro
bati
on o
r pa
role
Mai
ne
15-3
93
Fire
arm
Fe
lony
or
any
offe
nse
Cla
ss C
cri
me
with
dan
gero
us w
eapo
n or
fir
earm
.
* Th
e st
atut
es u
nifo
rmly
cri
min
aliz
e ow
ning
or
poss
essi
ng sp
ecifi
ed, p
mhi
bite
d w
eapo
ns.
Som
e st
atut
es a
lso
pmhi
bit b
uyin
g, w
ncea
liig
, tra
nspo
rtin
g, c
anyi
ng o
r us
ing
or
inte
ndin
g to
use
such
wea
pons
.
** T
he F
eder
al la
w d
&es
''f
elon
y" a
s a c
rim
e pun
isha
ble
by im
pris
aune
nt fo
r m
ore
than
one
yea
r.
***
The
stat
utes
that
app
ly o
nly
to c
rim
es c
anm
iued
within
spec
ified
tim
e periods
prio
r to
the
new
off
ense
usu
ally
cal
cula
te th
e tim
e fr
om th
e da
te o
f the
ear
lier c
rim
e or
the
da
te o
f re
leas
e fm
n su
perv
isio
n d
ti
ng
from
any
sen
tenc
e im
pose
d fo
r th
e ea
rlia
cri
me,
whi
chev
er is
later.
64
Tab
le 1
0 St
atut
es R
equi
ring
the
Use
of C
rim
inal
His
tory
Rec
ord
Info
rmat
ion
Tabl
e 10
(co
nt.)
Sta
tute
s m
akin
g po
sses
sion
of
a fir
earm
by
a co
nvlc
ted
felo
n a
crim
inal
off
ense
Sta
te
Cita
tion
Pro
hib
ited
w
eap
on
s*
Mar
ylan
d A
rt. 27 Q
445
(c)
Han
dgun
Art
. 27-374, 375
Mac
hine
gun
Min
neso
ta
624.713
Pis
tol
Mis
siss
ippi
97-37-5
Dea
dly
wea
pon
Mis
sour
i 571.070
Con
ceal
able
fir
earm
Mon
tana
45-8-316
Dea
dly
wea
pon
Neb
rask
a 28-1206
Fire
arm
with
bar
rel
unde
r 18"
or b
rass
kn
uckl
es
Nev
ada
202.360
Fire
arm
202.380
Tea
r ga
s bo
mb
or
wea
pon
New
Ham
pshi
re
159:3
Fire
arm
or
dang
erou
s w
eapo
n
New
Jer
sey
2C:39-7
Fir
earm
or
othe
r le
thal
w
eapo
n
New
Mex
ico
30-7-16
Fire
arm
New
Yor
k Pe
n. L
aw Q
265.01
Rif
le o
r sh
otgu
n
Pen.
Law
fj 265.02
Fire
arm
Nor
th C
arol
ina
14-415.1
Han
dgun
or
fire
arm
with
ba
rrel
und
er 18"
or
over
all l
engt
h un
der
26"
or a
ny w
eapo
n of
m
ass
deat
h an
d de
stru
ctio
n
Nor
th D
akot
a 62.1-02-01
Fir
earm
Ohi
o 2923.13
Fire
arm
or
dang
erou
s or
dnan
ce
Okl
ahom
a 21-1283, 84
Con
ceal
able
fir
earm
If pr
evio
usly
co
nvic
ted
of
Cri
me
of v
iole
nce,
w
eapo
n vi
olat
ion
or
drug
vio
lati
on
Cri
me
of v
iole
nce
Cri
me
of v
iole
nce
wit
hin 10
year
s or
dru
g of
fens
e
Fel
ony
Dan
gero
us f
elon
y w
ithi
n fi
ve y
ears
Any
fel
ony
Any
fel
ony
Any
fel
ony
Felo
ny d
rug
offe
nse
or
othe
r en
umer
ated
se
riou
s fe
loni
es
Any
fel
ony
Enu
mer
ated
ser
ious
of
fens
es o
r dr
ug o
ffen
se
Any
fel
ony
wit
hin 10
year
s
Felo
ny o
r se
riou
s of
fens
e
Felo
ny o
r cl
ass
A
mis
dem
eano
r w
ithi
n fi
ve y
ears
hu
mer
ated
felo
nies
and
se
riou
s of
fens
es w
ithi
n fi
ve y
ears
Vio
lent
fel
ony
wit
hin
10ye
ars
or a
ny o
ther
fe
lony
or
mis
dem
eano
r in
volv
ing
viol
ence
or
use
of f
irea
rm or
dang
erou
s w
eapo
n w
ithi
i fi
ve y
ears
Vio
lent
fel
ony
or d
rug
offe
nse
Any
fel
ony
Pen
alty
(o
r o
ffen
se l
evel
) M
isde
mea
nor.
Up
to
$5,000
fine
or
thre
e ye
ars,
or
both
Felo
ny.
Up
to 10
year
s
Fel
ony
Felo
ny.
One
to f
ive
year
s
Cla
ss C
fel
ony
$1,000
fine
or
up to
fi
ve y
ears
, or
bot
h
Cla
ss I
V f
elon
y
$5,000
fine
and
one
to
six
year
s
Fel
ony
Cla
ss B
fel
ony
Fou
rth
degr
ee c
rim
e
Mis
dem
eano
r
Cla
ss A
mis
dem
eano
r
Cla
ss D
fel
ony
Cla
ss 1
fel
ony
Cla
ss C
fel
ony
Fou
rth
degr
ee f
elon
y
Fel
ony
Stat
utes
Req
uiri
ng th
e U
se of
Cri
min
al H
isto
ry R
ecor
d In
form
atio
n T
able
10
65
1 I
I I a
ttem
pt
1 I
Tab
le 1
0 St
atut
es R
equi
ring
the
Use
of C
rim
inal
His
tory
Rec
ord
Info
rmat
ion
Par
t VI:
Cri
min
al H
isto
ry R
eco
rd D
atab
ases
At p
rese
nt, e
very
Sta
te h
as a
ce
ntra
l cri
min
al h
isto
ry re
cord
re
posi
tory
that
is c
harg
ed b
y la
w a
nd
impl
emen
ting
regu
latio
ns7
with
the
re
spon
sibi
lity
of m
aint
aini
ng
com
plet
e an
d ac
cura
te in
form
atio
n on
cr
imin
al ju
stic
e tr
ansa
ctio
ns in
the
st
ate
and
mak
ing
such
info
rmat
ion
avai
labl
e to
cri
min
al ju
stic
e ag
enci
es
in th
e st
ate
as n
eede
d fo
r off
icia
l cr
imin
al ju
stic
e pu
rpos
es (
as w
ell a
s fo
r aut
hori
zed
non-
crim
inal
just
ice
purp
oses
,8 w
hich
are
out
side
of
the
scop
e of
thi
s re
port
). T
rans
actio
ns
typi
cally
repo
rted
to a
nd m
aint
aine
d by
the
repo
sito
ries
incl
ude
arre
sts
for
so-c
alle
d "f
inge
rprin
tabl
e of
fens
es"
(fel
onie
s and
ser
ious
mis
dem
eano
rs);
deci
sion
s by
polic
e of
fici
als t
o re
leas
e ar
rest
ed p
erso
ns w
ithou
t cha
rgin
g th
em; d
wis
ions
by
pros
ecut
ors
not
to
pros
ecut
e ar
rest
ed p
erso
ns; c
harg
es
brou
ght o
r dis
mis
sed
by g
rand
juri
es;
dism
issa
ls, a
cqui
ttals
, con
vict
ions
and
ot
her t
rial a
nd a
ppel
late
cou
rt
disp
ositi
ons;
adm
issi
on to
and
rele
ase
from
loca
l jai
ls, d
eten
tion
cent
ers o
r S
tate
corr
ectio
nal f
acili
ties;
and
adm
issi
on to
and
rele
ase
from
pr
obat
ion
or p
arol
e su
perv
isio
n. I
n
See
U.S
., D
epar
tmen
t of
Jus
tice,
B
urea
u of
Jus
tice
Stat
isti
cs,
Com
pend
ium
of S
tate
Pri
vacy
and
Se
curi
ty L
egis
latio
n, 1
989
Ove
rvie
w,
prep
ared
by
SEA
RC
H G
roup
, Inc
., (W
ashi
ngto
n D
.C.:
Gov
ernm
ent
Prin
ting
Off
ice,
Apr
il 19
90).
See
"A S
tudy
to I
dent
ify C
rim
inal
Ju
stic
e In
form
atio
n L
aw, P
olic
y an
d M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es N
eede
d to
A
ccom
mod
ate A
cces
s to
and
Use
of III
for
Non
crim
inal
Jus
tice
Pur
pose
s,"
unpu
blis
hed
repo
rt p
repa
red
for
the
FBI
by S
EA
RC
H G
roup
, Inc
., Se
ptem
ber
1984
.
addi
tion,
the
repo
sito
ries
mai
ntai
n fi
les
of fi
nger
prin
ts su
bmitt
ed b
y po
lice
agen
cies
topr
ovid
e po
sitiv
e id
entif
icat
ion
of a
ll o
f th
e su
bjec
ts in
th
eir
file
s. L
aw e
nfor
cem
ent a
nd
crim
inal
just
ice
agen
cies
thro
ugho
ut
the
coun
try u
se c
ompu
ter t
erm
inal
s or
ot
her t
elec
omm
unic
atio
ns d
evic
es to
in
quir
e of
thei
r rep
osito
ries
whe
ther
a
reco
rd e
xist
s for
a n
amed
indi
vidu
al.
If a
reco
rd d
oes
exis
t, fu
ll or
sum
mar
y cr
imin
al h
isto
ry i
nfor
mat
ion
can
be
prov
ided
by
the
repo
sito
ry to
the
agen
cy b
y te
rmin
al o
r by
mai
l. C
rim
inal
his
tory
rec
ords
of
pers
ons a
rres
ted
for F
eder
al o
ffen
ses
are
mai
ntai
ned
by t
he F
BI's
Id
entif
icat
ion
Div
isio
n. T
he F
BI a
lso
mai
ntai
ns m
rd
s of
Sta
te o
ffen
ders
co
mpi
led
from
arr
est f
inge
rpri
nt ca
rds
and
cour
t dis
posi
tion
info
rmat
ion
volu
ntar
ily s
ubm
itted
to th
e B
urea
u by
Sta
te an
d lo
cal l
aw e
nfor
cem
ent
agen
cies
thro
ugho
ut th
e co
untr
y.
The
se fi
les,
whi
ch t
o so
me
exte
nt
dupl
icat
e th
e fi
les m
aint
aine
d by
the
S
tate
repo
sito
ries
, are
ava
ilabl
e to
cr
imin
al ju
stic
e ag
enci
es n
atio
nwid
e by
mea
ns o
f tw
o te
leco
mm
unic
atio
ns
netw
orks
: th
e N
atio
nal L
aw
Enf
orce
men
t Tel
ecom
mun
icat
ions
Sy
stem
(NL
ET
S), o
pera
ted
by t
he
part
icip
atin
g S
tate
s, an
d th
e N
atio
nal
Cri
me
Info
rmat
ion
Cen
ter (
NC
IC)
netw
ork
mai
ntai
ned
by t
he F
BI.
The
N
CIC
net
wor
k lin
ks c
rim
inal
just
ice
agen
cies
with
the
Inte
rsta
te
Iden
tific
atio
n In
dex,
a m
aste
r na
me
inde
x of
sub
ject
s w
hose
reco
rds are
mai
ntai
ned
in a
utom
ated
form
by
the
Sta
tes a
nd/o
r th
e FB
I. A
cces
s to
the
FBI's
files
and
to o
ther
Sta
tes'
file
s by
mea
ns o
f th
ese
netw
orks
per
mits
cr
imin
al ju
stic
e ag
enci
es to
det
erm
ine
whe
ther
par
ticul
ar in
divi
dual
s hav
e ot
her S
rate
or F
eder
al re
cord
s, a
nd
prov
ides
a m
eans
of
obta
inin
g su
ch
reco
rds a
s ne
cess
ary.
N
umer
ous
stud
ies,
par
ticul
arly
a
1989
stud
y co
mm
issi
oned
by
the
Atto
rney
Gen
eral
of
the
Uni
ted
stat
es?
have
foun
d th
at th
e ut
ility
of
man
y of
the
se F
eder
al a
nd S
tate
da
taba
ses i
s se
riou
sly
com
prom
ised
fo
r man
y cr
imin
al ju
stic
e pu
rpos
es b
y th
e fa
ct th
at th
ey a
re n
ot a
lway
s ac
cura
te a
nd c
ompl
ete,
nor
ful
ly
auto
mat
ed a
nd th
us n
ot a
lway
s qu
ickl
y ac
cess
ible
. O
nly
10 o
f th
e S
tate
repo
sito
ries
hav
e au
tom
ated
all
of t
heir
crim
inal
his
tory
reco
rds.
10
Mos
t of
the
othe
rs h
ave
auto
mat
ed a
la
rge
port
ion
of t
he re
cord
s of
the
m
ost a
ctiv
e of
fend
ers
in th
eir
file
s;
com
mon
ly th
ose
are
of y
oung
er
offe
nder
s in
thei
r m
ost c
rim
e-pr
one
year
s an
d of
fend
ers w
ho h
ave
been
ar
rest
ed o
r upo
n w
hom
an
inqu
iry h
as
been
rec
eive
d in
rece
nt y
ears
. A
few
S
tate
s hav
e au
tom
ated
few
or n
o
U.S
., D
epar
tmen
t of
Just
ice,
Tas
k F
orce
on
Fel
on Id
entif
icat
ion
in F
irea
rm
Sale
s, R
epor
t to
the
Atto
rney
Gen
eral
on
Sys
tem
s fo
r Id
entif
ying
Fel
ons
Who
A
ttem
pt t
o P
urch
ase
Fir
earm
s, R
icha
rd
B.
Abe
ll, A
ssis
tant
Att
orne
y G
ener
al,
Off
ice
of J
ustic
e Pr
ogra
ms,
Tas
k Fo
rce
Cha
ir, (
Was
hing
ton
D.C
.: G
over
nmen
t hi
ntin
g O
ffic
e, O
ctob
er 1
989)
(h
erea
fter
Tas
k F
orce
Rep
ort)
.
1°~
rirn
inal
Just
ice
Info
rmat
ion
Pol
icy:
Su
rvey
of
Cri
min
al H
isto
ry
Ir#o
rrna
tion
Syst
ems,
Bur
eau
of J
ustic
e St
atis
tics
, U.S
. D
epar
tmen
t of
Jus
tice,
M
arch
199
1, p
. 11
.
Stat
utes
Req
uiri
ng th
e U
se of
Cri
min
al H
isto
ry R
ecor
d In
form
atio
n
reco
rds.
Abo
ut h
alf
of t
he c
rim
inal
hi
stor
y re
cord
s in
the
FBI's
file
s are
au
tom
ated
, but
this
incl
udes
all
pers
ons
arre
sted
for t
he f
irst
tim
e fo
r a
fing
erpr
inta
ble
offe
nse
(a f
elon
y or
a
seri
ous m
isde
mea
nor)
aft
er Ju
ly 1
, 19
74."
T
hirt
y-ni
ne o
f th
e S
tate
re
posi
tori
es h
ave
fully
aut
omat
ed
nam
e in
dexe
s to all o
f th
eir c
rim
inal
hi
stor
y re
cord
s, e
ven
thou
gh s
ome
of
the
reco
rds t
hem
selv
es a
re m
aint
aine
d in
man
ual f
orm
. Of
the
rem
aini
ng
stat
es, a
ll ex
cept
Mis
siss
ippi
and
W
est V
irgin
ia h
ave
auto
mat
ed a
t lea
st
a po
rtio
n of
the
ir m
aste
r na
me
inde
xes,
eve
n th
ough
mos
t, or
in
som
e ca
ses
all,
of t
he re
cord
s th
emse
lves
are
man
ual.1
2 T
he F
BI
has
an a
utom
ated
nam
e in
dex
to i
ts
auto
mat
ed c
rim
inal
his
tory
reco
rds
whi
ch is
ava
ilabl
e to
law
enf
orce
men
t ag
enci
es n
atio
nwid
e.13
E
ven
whe
re n
ame
inde
xes
and
full
reco
rds
are
auto
mat
ed, t
he u
se o
f fa
lse
nam
es b
y ar
rest
ed p
erso
ns fr
eque
ntly
ca
uses
aut
omat
ed n
ame
sear
ches
to
fail
to d
isco
ver e
xist
ing
reco
rds o
n su
ch p
erso
ns.
Alth
ough
thes
e pr
ior
reco
rds a
re la
ter d
isco
vere
d in
mos
t ca
ses -
whe
n th
e ar
rest
fing
erpr
int
card
s su
bmitt
ed to
rhe
repo
sito
ries
and
to
the
FBI a
re p
roce
ssed
and
sea
rche
d ag
ains
t mas
ter
fing
erpr
int f
iles -
the
info
rmat
ion
may
not
be
retu
rned
to
arre
stin
g ag
enci
es an
d ot
her c
rim
inal
ju
stic
e ag
enci
es in
tim
e fo
r mak
ing
initi
al b
ail d
ecis
ions
and
det
erm
inin
g w
heth
er a
rres
ted
pers
ons
have
prio
r fe
lony
con
vict
ions
that
aff
ect i
nitia
l ch
argi
ng d
ecis
ions
und
er o
ffen
se-
upgr
ade
law
s and
reci
divi
st se
nten
cing
la
ws.
"u.s
., D
epar
tmen
t of
Jus
tice,
Tas
k F
orce
Rep
ort,
note
9, p
. 9.
12u.
s., D
epar
tmen
t of
Just
ice,
Sur
vey
of C
rim
inal
His
tory
Inf
orm
atio
n S
yste
ms,
not
e 10
.
13u.
s., D
epar
tmen
t of
Just
ice,
Tas
k F
orce
Rep
ort,
note
9, p
. 8.
By
far t
he m
ost s
erio
us d
efic
ienc
y in
man
y of
the
se d
atab
ases
, how
ever
, is
thei
r la
ck o
f co
mpl
eten
ess.
At
leas
t hal
f of
the
arre
st re
cord
s in
the
FB
I's f
iles d
o no
t sho
w f
inal
di
spos
ition
s, a
nd s
tudi
es h
ave
show
n th
at la
ck o
f di
spos
ition
dat
a is
a
prob
lem
, usu
ally
a s
erio
us p
robl
em,
in a
num
ber
of s
tate
s.14
Fur
ther
, al
thou
gh a
rres
t rep
ortin
g by
law
en
forc
emen
t age
ncie
s is
gen
eral
ly
ackn
owle
dged
to b
e co
nsid
exab
ly
bette
r th
an d
ispo
sitio
n re
port
ing
by
cour
ts a
nd o
ther
cri
min
al ju
stic
e ag
enci
es, s
urve
ys an
d au
dits
hav
e sh
own
that
law
enf
orce
men
t age
ncie
s do
not
sub
mit
fing
erpr
ints
and
arr
est
data
to th
e re
posi
tori
es fo
r all
repo
rtabl
e ar
rest
s and
that
und
er-
repo
rtin
g of
arr
ests
is a
si
nifi
cant
pr
oble
m i
n so
me
stat
es. 1
8 In
mos
t Sta
tes,
the
burd
en o
f se
ekin
g in
crea
sed
arre
st a
nd
disp
ositi
on re
port
ing
by c
rim
inal
ju
stic
e ag
enci
es is
bor
ne p
rinc
ipal
ly
by t
he r
epos
itori
es.
Eve
n th
ough
m
any
Sta
tes h
ave
man
dato
ry
repo
rtin
g la
ws,
mos
t suc
h la
ws
do
not p
rovi
de fo
r sa
nctio
ns, w
hich
, in
any
case
, are
dif
ficu
lt or
impo
ssib
le
to e
nfor
ce.
In t
ryin
g to
per
suad
e cr
imin
al ju
stic
e ag
enci
es to
l4T
ask
For
ce R
epor
t, op
. cit
., n.
9,
pp.
10-1
1. S
ee a
lso
U.S
., D
epar
tmen
t of
Jus
tice,
"St
ate
Cri
min
al R
ecor
d R
epos
itori
es,"
Bur
eau
of J
ustic
e St
atis
tics
Tec
hnic
al R
epor
t pr
epar
ed b
y SE
AR
CH
Gro
up, I
nc.,
(Was
hing
ton,
D
.C.:
Gov
ernm
ent P
rint
ing
Off
ice,
O
ctob
er 1
985)
. and
U.S
., D
epar
tmen
t of
Just
ice,
Sur
vey
of C
rim
inal
His
tory
R
ecor
d Sy
stem
s, n
ote
10.
l5U
.S.,
Dep
artm
ent o
f Ju
stic
e, B
urea
u of
Jus
tice
Stat
istic
s, D
ata
Qua
lity
of
Cri
min
al H
isto
ry R
ecor
ds, C
rim
inal
Ju
stic
e In
form
atio
n P
olic
y Se
ries
, pr
epar
ed b
y R
ober
t R. B
elai
r, S
EA
RC
H
Gro
up, I
nc.
(Was
hing
ton,
D.C
.: G
over
nmen
t Pri
ntin
g O
ffic
e, O
ctob
er
1985
)pp.
24-
26; S
ee a
lso
Illin
ois
Cri
min
al J
ustic
e In
form
atio
n A
utho
rity
, "A
udit
of C
hica
go P
olic
e D
epar
tmen
t,"
Aud
it of
Illi
nois
' R
epos
itori
es fo
r C
rim
inal
His
tory
Rec
ord
Info
rmat
ion,
A
nnua
l Aud
it fo
r 19
89, M
arch
15,
19
90, d
raft,
pp.
151
-153
.
volu
ntar
ily in
crea
se re
port
ing
leve
ls,
repo
sito
ry o
ffic
ials
and
oth
ers o
ften
ar
e ha
mpe
red
by t
he fa
ct th
at m
any
agen
cies
cons
ider
the
repo
sito
ry's
reco
rds
to b
e of
lim
ited
use
beca
use
they
are
inco
mpl
ete.
Bec
ause
of
this
pe
rcei
ved
lack
of
utili
ty (
resu
lting
m
ostly
fro
m p
oor r
epor
ting)
, use
r ag
ency
per
sonn
el o
ften
are r
eluc
tant
to
inve
st th
e ad
ditio
nal e
ffor
t ne
cess
ary
to in
crea
se re
port
ing
leve
ls
to th
e po
int t
hat t
he re
cord
s bec
ome
mor
e cl
earl
y va
luab
le.
Sinc
e law
enf
orce
men
t age
ncie
s ar
e th
e he
avie
st u
sers
of
crim
inal
his
tory
re
cord
s an
d ar
e m
ore
apt t
o be
aw
are
of t
heir
val
ue, e
ffor
ts to
rai
se a
rres
t re
port
ing
leve
ls g
ener
ally
hav
e be
en
mor
e su
cces
sful
than
eff
orts
to
incr
ease
dis
posi
tion
repo
rtin
g by
pr
osec
utor
s, c
ourt
s and
cor
rect
iona
l in
stitu
tions
. E
ven
thou
gh c
ourt
s de
pend
hea
vily
upo
n cr
imin
al h
isto
ry
info
rmat
ion
for b
ails
ettin
g an
d se
nten
cing
pur
pose
s, a
s dem
onst
rate
d by
the
sta
tute
s cite
d in
thi
s re
port
, the
in
form
atio
n us
ually
is
com
pile
d by
ot
her a
genc
ies,
such
as
bail,
pr
obat
ion
or c
orre
ctio
ns ag
enci
es, a
nd
mad
e av
aila
ble
to th
e co
urts
in b
ail
reco
mm
enda
tion
repo
rts a
nd
pres
ente
nce r
epor
ts.
The
ex
traor
dina
ry a
mou
nt o
f tim
e an
d ef
fort
exp
ende
d by
tho
se a
genc
ies i
n co
ntac
ting
othe
r age
ncie
s to
obt
ain
mis
sing
info
rmat
ion
and
to v
erif
y in
form
atio
n th
at a
ppea
rs to
be
erro
neou
s or
inco
nsis
tent
may
not
be
reco
gniz
ed b
y th
e ul
timat
e us
ers
of
the
info
rmat
ion.
Con
sequ
ently
, it i
s of
ten
diff
icul
t to
obta
in a
co
mm
itmen
t for
the
addi
tiona
l tim
e an
d ef
fort
nec
essa
ry to
impr
ove
disp
ositi
on re
port
ing
whi
ch c
an p
ay
divi
dend
s in
the
long
run.
Stat
utes
Req
uiri
ng th
e U
se of
Cri
min
al H
isto
ry R
ecor
d In
form
atio
n
Alth
ough
inco
mpl
eten
ess
is u
n-qu
estio
nabl
y th
e m
ost s
erio
us d
ata
,
qual
ity p
robl
em a
ffec
ting
crim
inal
hi
stor
y da
taba
ses,
inac
cura
cy is
als
o a
prob
lem
in m
any
juris
dict
ions
.16
Info
rmat
ion
that
is in
accu
rate
or a
m-
bigu
ous can
adve
rsel
y af
fect
crim
inal
ju
stic
e de
cisi
onm
akin
g as
sure
ly a
s ca
n m
issi
ng in
form
atio
n. S
tudi
es an
d au
dits
hav
e sh
own
that
err
or le
vels
can
be re
duce
d by
aut
omat
ing
repo
rt-
ing
and
data
ent
ry processes,
sinc
e au
- to
mat
ed s
yste
ms c
an u
se a
bro
ad
rang
e of
edi
t and
val
idat
ion
prog
ram
s th
at p
reve
nt th
e en
try o
f in
cons
iste
nt
or a
ppar
ently
erro
neou
s inf
orm
a-
tion.
17 A
utom
atin
g re
porti
ng p
ro-
cess
es a
lso
has
been
sho
wn
to s
igni
f-
ican
tly in
crea
se th
e in
cide
nce a
s w
ell
as th
e ac
cura
cy o
f dis
posi
tion
repo
rt-
ing
by c
ourts
.18
In a
dditi
on, t
he a
c-
cura
cy a
nd c
larit
y of
crim
inal
his
tory
re
cord
s can
be in
crea
sed
by u
sing
uniq
ue tr
acki
ng n
umbe
rs a
nd o
ther
da
ta-li
nkin
g te
chni
ques
to e
nsur
e th
at
disp
ositi
on in
form
atio
n is
link
ed to
th
e pr
oper
cas
e cyc
les a
nd m
atch
ed to
th
e co
rrec
t cha
rges
.
l6U
.S.,
Dep
artm
ent o
f Ju
stic
e, D
ata
Qua
lity
of C
rim
inal
His
tory
Rec
ords
, no
te 9
, pp.
27-
29.
Ibid
., p.
62.
l8SE
AR
CH
Gro
up, I
nc.,
"Aud
it of
the
Com
plet
enes
s an
d A
ccur
acy
of C
rim
inal
H
isto
ry R
ecor
d In
form
atio
n M
aint
aine
d by
the
Mar
ylan
d C
rim
inal
Jus
tice
Info
rmat
ion
Syst
em,"
Feb
. 9,
1990
, pp.
X
-11-
17.
The
se an
d ot
her d
ata
qual
ity
stra
tegi
es th
at h
ave
been
dem
onst
rate
d to
be
effe
ctiv
e are
des
crib
ed in
oth
er
publ
icat
ions
.19
It is
not
the
purp
ose
of t
his
repo
rt to
des
crib
e th
em in
any
de
tail,
but
mer
ely
to n
ote
that
nu
mer
ous s
tate
s hav
e de
mon
stra
ted
that
dat
a qu
ality
leve
ls c
an b
e si
gnifi
cant
ly im
prov
ed if
1) t
he w
ill
to d
o so
can
be in
still
ed in
the
agen
cies
that
mus
t rep
ort i
nfor
mat
ion
to th
e re
posi
torie
s and
2) i
f nee
ded
equi
pmen
t and
oth
er re
sour
ces a
re
mad
e av
aila
ble.
If
that
occ
urs,
the
exis
ting
inte
rdep
ende
nt cr
imin
al
hisu
ny d
atab
ases
and
the
tele
com
mun
icat
ions
netw
orks
that
lin
k th
em t
o cr
imin
al ju
stic
e pr
actit
ione
rs can
prov
ide
the
info
rmat
ion
nece
ssar
y to
fully
im
plem
ent t
he c
rime
cont
rol
stra
tegi
es re
flect
ed in
the
hund
reds
of
Fede
ral a
nd S
tate
stat
utes
com
pile
d in
th
is re
port.
In
the
mea
ntim
e, th
e la
ck
of c
ompl
ete,
accu
rate
and
timel
y cr
imin
al h
isto
ry re
cord
dat
a se
rious
ly
un&
rmin
es t
he e
ffec
tive e
nfor
cem
ent
of m
any
of t
hese
sta
tute
s.
l9 S
ee U
.S.,
Dep
artm
ent o
f Ju
stic
e,
Bur
eau
of J
ustic
e St
atis
tics,
Stra
tegi
es
for
Impr
ovin
g D
ata
Qua
lity,
Cri
min
al
Just
ice
Info
rmat
ion
Pol
icy
Seri
es,
prep
ared
by
Paul
Woo
dard
for
SEA
RC
H
Gro
up, I
nc.,
(Was
hing
ton,
D.C
.: G
over
nmen
t Pr
intin
g O
ffic
e, A
pril
1989
)and
U.S
., D
epar
tmen
t of
Just
ice,
B
urea
u of
Jus
tice
Stat
istic
s, D
ata
Qua
lity P
olic
ies
and
Pro
cedu
res,
P
roce
edin
gs o
f a
BJSI
SEAR
CH
Con
fere
nce,
(Was
hing
ton,
D.C
.: G
over
nmen
t Pri
ntin
g O
ffic
e, N
ovem
ber
1986
).
Stat
utes
Req
uiri
ng th
e U
se of
Cri
min
al H
isto
ry R
ecor
d In
form
atio
n
AP
PE
ND
IX
Uni
ted
Stat
es C
ode
Ann
otat
ed
Cod
e of
Ala
bam
a A
lask
a St
atut
es
Ari
zona
Rev
ised
Sta
tute
s Ann
otat
ed
Ark
ansa
s Sta
tute
s Ann
otat
ed
Dee
ring
's A
nnot
ated
Cal
ifor
nia
Cod
e C
olor
ado
Rev
ised
Sta
tute
s C
onne
ctic
ut G
ener
al S
tatu
tes A
nnot
ated
(Wes
t)
Del
awar
e C
ode
Ann
otat
ed
Dis
tric
t of
Col
umbi
a Cod
e A
nnot
ated
(198
1)
Flor
ida
Stat
utes
Ann
otat
ed-(
Wes
t)
Off
icia
l Cod
e of
Geo
rgia
Ann
otat
ed (
Mic
hie)
H
awai
i Rev
ised
Sta
tute
s Id
aho
Cod
e Il
linoi
s Ann
otat
ed S
tatu
tes (
Smith
-Hur
d)
Indi
ana
Stat
utes
Ann
otat
ed C
ode
Edi
tion
(Bum
s)
Iow
a C
ode
Ann
otat
ed (W
est)
K
ansa
s St
atut
es A
nnot
ated
K
entu
cky
Rev
ised
Sta
tute
s and
Rul
es S
ervi
ce (B
aldw
in)
Lou
isia
na R
evis
ed S
tatu
tes A
nnot
ated
(Wes
t)
Mai
ne R
evis
ed S
tatu
tes A
nnot
ated
A
nnot
ated
Cod
e of
Mar
ylan
d M
assa
chus
etts
Gen
eral
Law
s Ann
otat
ed (
Wes
t) M
ichi
gan
Com
pile
d L
aws
Ann
otat
ed (W
est)
M
inne
sota
Sta
tute
s Ann
otat
ed (W
est)
M
issi
ssip
pi C
ode
Ann
otat
ed
Ver
non'
s A
nnot
ated
Mis
sour
i Sta
tute
s
Mon
tana
Cod
e A
nnot
ated
R
evis
ed S
tatu
tes o
f Neb
rask
a N
evad
a R
evis
ed S
tatu
tes
New
Ham
pshi
re R
evis
ed S
tatu
tes A
nnot
ated
N
ew J
erse
y St
atut
es A
nnot
ated
N
ew M
exic
o St
atut
es A
nnot
ated
M
cKin
ney'
s C
onso
lidat
ed L
aws o
f New
Yor
k A
nnot
ated
G
ener
al S
tatu
tes o
f Nor
th C
arol
ina
Nor
th D
akot
a C
entu
ry C
ode
Ohi
o R
evis
ed C
ode
Ann
otat
ed
Okl
ahom
a Sta
tute
s Ann
otat
ed (W
est)
O
rego
n R
evis
ed S
tatu
tes
hudo
n's
Penn
sylv
ania
Sta
tute
s Ann
otat
ed
her
to R
ico
Law
s Ann
otat
ed
Gen
eral
Law
s of R
hode
Isla
nd
Cod
e of
Law
s of
Sou
th C
arol
ina
1976
So
uth
Dak
ota
Cod
ifie
d L
aws A
nnot
ated
T
enne
ssee
Cod
e A
nnot
ated
T
exas
Cod
es A
nnot
ated
(Ver
non)
U
tah
Cod
e A
nnot
ated
V
erm
ont S
tatu
tes A
nnot
ated
C
ode
of V
irgi
nia
Ann
otat
ed
Virg
in Is
land
s Cod
e A
nnot
ated
R
evis
ed C
ode
of W
ashi
ngto
n A
nnot
ated
W
est V
irgi
nia
Cod
e W
isco
nsin
Sta
tute
s Ann
otat
ed (W
est)
W
yom
ing
Stat
utes
Stat
utes
Req
uiri
ng th
e U
se o
f Cri
min
al H
isto
ry R
ecor
d In
form
atio
n
- -- - - -
Ple
ase
pu
t me
on
the
ma
ilin
g li
st fo
r-
Wh
ite-c
olla
r cr
ime-
data
on
the
0L
aw
en
forc
em
en
t re
port
s-na
tiona
l pr
oces
sing
of
Fed
eral
whi
te-c
olla
r
data
on
Sta
te a
nd lo
cal p
olic
e an
d cr
ime
case
s
sher
iffs'
dep
artm
ents
: ope
ratio
ns,
Priv
acy
an
d s
ecu
rity
of
crim
ina
l
equi
pmen
t, pe
rson
nel,
sala
ries,
h
isto
ry in
form
ati
on
an
d in
form
ati
on
spen
ding
, pol
icie
s, p
rogr
ams
polic
y-ne
w
legi
slat
ion;
mai
ntai
ning
Fe
de
ral s
tatis
tics-
data
de
scrib
ing
and
rele
asin
g in
telli
genc
e an
d in
ves-
Fed
eral
cas
e pr
oces
sing
, fro
m in
ves-
tig
ativ
e re
cord
s; d
ata
qual
ity
tigat
ion
thro
ugh
pros
ecut
ion,
is
sues
adju
dica
tion,
and
cor
rect
ions
Ju
ven
ile c
orr
ect
ion
s re
po
rts-
Dru
gs
an
d c
rim
e d
ata-
sent
enci
ng
juve
nile
s in
cus
tody
in p
ublic
and
and
time
serv
ed b
y dr
ug o
ffend
ers,
pr
ivat
e de
tent
ion
and
corr
ectio
nal
drug
use
at t
ime
of c
rime
by ja
il fa
cilit
ies
inm
ates
and
Sta
te p
rison
ers,
and
B
JS b
ulle
tins
an
d s
pe
cia
l rep
orts
-
othe
r qua
lity
data
on
drug
s, c
rime,
tim
ely
repo
rts
of t
he m
ost c
urre
nt
and
law
enf
orce
men
t ju
stic
e da
ta
D J
ust
ice
exp
en
ditu
re a
nd
em
plo
yme
nt
Pro
secu
tion
an
d a
dju
dic
atio
n i
n
repo
rts-
annu
al
spen
ding
and
S
tate
cou
rts-
-cas
e pr
oces
sing
from
staf
fing
by F
eder
al/S
tate
/loca
l pr
osec
utio
n th
roug
h co
urt d
ispo
si-
gove
rnm
ents
and
by
func
tion
tion,
Sta
te fe
lony
law
s, fe
lony
(pol
ice,
cou
rts,
etc
.) se
nten
cing
, crim
inal
def
ense
To
be
ad
de
d to
any
BJS
N
am
e:
ma
ilin
g li
st,
ple
ase
copy
Titl
e:
or c
ut
ou
t th
is p
age,
fill
in, f
old
, sta
mp, a
nd
ma
il O
rga
niz
ati
on
:
to th
e J
ust
ice
Sta
tistic
s C
lea
rin
ghouse
INC
JRS
. S
tre
et
or
bo
x:
You
will
rece
ive a
n a
nn
ua
l re
ne
wa
l card
. If
you d
o n
ot
City
, S
tate
, Zip
: re
turn
it, w
e m
ust d
rop
yo
u
fro
m th
e m
aili
ng li
st.
Day
time
ph
on
e n
um
be
r:
Cri
min
al j
ust
ice
in
tere
st:
( )
To
ord
er
cop
ies
of r
ece
nt
BJS
report
s,ch
eck
he
re
an
d c
ircl
e it
em
s yo
u w
ant
to r
e~
eiv
e on
oth
er
side
Pu
t yo
ur
org
an
iza
tio
n
an
d ti
tle
he
re if
yo
u
us
ed
ho
me
ad
dre
ss a
bo
ve:
of t
his
sheet.
----------
FO
LC).
SE
AL
WIT
H T
AP
E. A
ND
ST
AM
P-
U.S
. D
ep
art
me
nt o
f Ju
stic
e
Offi
ce o
f Ju
stic
e P
rogr
ams
Bur
eau
of J
ustic
e S
tatis
tics
Was
hing
ton,
D.C
. 205
31
Co
rre
ctio
ns
repo
rts-
resu
lts
of
sam
ple
surv
eys
and
cens
uses
of j
ails
, pr
ison
s, p
arol
e, p
roba
tion,
an
d o
ther
co
rrec
tions
dat
a N
atio
na
l Cri
me
Sur
vey
repo
rts-
the
only
reg
ular
nat
iona
l sur
vey
of
crim
e vi
ctim
s S
ou
rce
bo
ok
of C
rim
ina
l Ju
stic
e
Sta
tistic
s (a
nnua
l)-br
oad-
base
d da
ta fr
om 1
50
+ s
ourc
es (4
00
+ t
able
s,
1 00+
fig
ures
, sub
ject
inde
x,
anno
tate
d bi
blio
grap
hy, a
ddre
sses
of
sou
rces
) S
end
me
a fo
rm to
sig
n u
p fo
r N
~J
R
ep
ort
s (f
ree
6 ti
mes
a y
ear)
, whi
ch
abst
ract
s bo
th p
rivat
e a
nd
go
vern
men
t crim
inal
just
ice
publ
icat
ions
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list
s up
com
ing
conf
eren
ces
and
trai
ning
ses
sion
s in
the
field
.
--
'----
Pla
ce
1st-
clas
s
stam
p
Just
ice
Sta
tistic
s C
lear
ingh
ouse
INC
JRS
U
.S. D
epar
tmen
t of
Just
ice
Box
60
00
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ockv
ille,
MD
208
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