Statistics on culture

in the EU

Short history:

• LEG - European Leadership Group on Cultural Statistics (1997-2000)

• Working Group on Culture Statisticsand TFs on specific domains (until 2004)

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• Future ?

Treaty establishing the European Community (Article 151)

• Overall objective of Community action: • to respect national and regional diversity - to bring the common cultural heritage to the fore- to encourage co-operation between MS in specific fields

• EU + MS: cooperation with third countries and competent international organisations

Policy needs – European Union legislation relevant for culture:

1995 - Council Resolution on the promotion of statistics on culture and 1995 - Council Resolution on the promotion of statistics on culture and economic growtheconomic growth

Culture is not only economic value but also

information society and spin-offs to other sectors (education, employment, infrastructures, communications, tourism)

social cohesion and cooperation with 3rd countries.

Countries agreed to continue work on establishing comparable statistical indicators, through voluntary exchange of information and statistics between Member States on the basis of the existing statistical data.

1996 - Council Resolution on the access for all to culture1996 - Council Resolution on the access for all to culture

1997 - Council Resolution on the integration of cultural aspects into Community 1997 - Council Resolution on the integration of cultural aspects into Community actionsactions

Culture 2000 action programmeCulture 2000 action programmepromoting and arranging for collaboration between sectors with common and converging interests, such as

cultural statistics resulting from an exchange of comparative statistical information at Community level.

Other Council resolutions • on culture and the knowledge society (mainly meant: information society)on culture and the knowledge society (mainly meant: information society)

• on the role of culture in the development of the EUon the role of culture in the development of the EU

• on a new work plan on European cooperation in the field of cultureon a new work plan on European cooperation in the field of culture

• on implementing the work plan on European cooperation in the field of culture: on implementing the work plan on European cooperation in the field of culture: mobility of persons in the cultural sectormobility of persons in the cultural sector

• on horizontal aspects of culture: increasing synergies with other sectors and on horizontal aspects of culture: increasing synergies with other sectors and Community actions and exchanging good practices in relation to the social and Community actions and exchanging good practices in relation to the social and economic dimensions of cultureeconomic dimensions of culture

European Parliament resolutions and reports

on cultural cooperation (on cultural cooperation (Ruffolo)Ruffolo)

on the importance and dynamics of the theatre and the performing arts in an on the importance and dynamics of the theatre and the performing arts in an enlarged Europe (enlarged Europe (FraisseFraisse))

on cultural industries (on cultural industries (ZorbaZorba))

reports of thereports of the European Parliament Committee on Culture, Youth, Education, European Parliament Committee on Culture, Youth, Education, Media, SportMedia, Sport

Steps already taken

LEG – 1997- 2000 (report final)

General aim: “…building-up, at the EU-level, of a system of coherent and comparable information that could contribute to a better understanding of the links between culture and socio-economic development.”

Work in the TFs on:

• methodology: delineation of the culture field - classification of cultural activities, proposals of indicators

• cultural employment

• cultural expenditure and financing

• participation in cultural activities

List of cultural activities

Drawing on the UNESCO framework for cultural statistics,Drawing on the UNESCO framework for cultural statistics,

established by crossing:established by crossing:

8 domains: 8 domains: artistic and monumental heritage

archives

librairies

book and press

visual arts

architecture

performing arts

audiovisual media

with 6 functions: with 6 functions: preservation, creation, production, dissemination, trades/sales, educationpreservation, creation, production, dissemination, trades/sales, education

2004 - Completion of the work of the3 Task Forces of the WG “Statistics on culture”

TF – Cultural participation

• Methodology for Eurobarometer surveys conducted in 2001 and 2003 +

compilation of data from national surveys

Proposals for future:

• evaluation of the implementation of questionnaire/module in Eurobarometer (done)

• present Eurobarometer results for EU and candidate countries in one publication (soon, in 2007)

• prepare a handbook for a culture module to include in national

surveys (AES, SILC module,TUS..)

• TF - Cultural employment

Estimation methods for cultural employment crossing occupations (ISCO) Estimation methods for cultural employment crossing occupations (ISCO)

and economic activities (NACE) refined, implementation of the developed and economic activities (NACE) refined, implementation of the developed

methodology in the EU-LFS.methodology in the EU-LFS.

Publishing (as a Press release) of the aggregated 2002 results for European Publishing (as a Press release) of the aggregated 2002 results for European

countries countries

Proposals:Proposals:

to publish annually results, since 2002 (soon, in 2007)

to analyse the quality of this method

• TF - Expenditure on culture/public financing

Survey on public expenditure on culture conducted (2003) Survey on public expenditure on culture conducted (2003)

main difficulties identified: statistics for all levels of government, data on

receipts and transfers, breakdown by cultural domains

To doTo do: :

continue to analyse other data sources for public financing (other ministries,

local governments)

continue work on private expenditure (e.g. develop classification/module for

household budget surveys)

Other areas of interest:

Enterprise statistics – cultural industriesEnterprise statistics – cultural industries

““Cultural industriesCultural industries” include ” include profit makingprofit making branches/activities that include: branches/activities that include:

• only the “creative” element (e.g. design, live performance arts, film production, software production)

• only the “industry” element of dissemination of cultural products (e.g. audiovisual material distribution companies, publishers)

• both the “creative” and “industry” element (e.g. music industry)

An An enterprise policyenterprise policy is needed for cultural industries (including the improvement of the import/export balance) is needed for cultural industries (including the improvement of the import/export balance)

Cultural policy measuresCultural policy measures may be needed to support this enterprise policy by supporting local and the non-profit may be needed to support this enterprise policy by supporting local and the non-profit making activities as a means to:making activities as a means to:

• improve the creative environment

• increase the internal public for cultural goods and services

Socio-economic impact of cultureSocio-economic impact of culture

Mobility in the cultural sectorMobility in the cultural sector

Relevant questions for the future of the culture statistics

Analysis of:Analysis of:

what are the current and future needs

where ESS culture statistics stand

where international culture statistics stand

Decide:Decide:

what are the future tasks for ESS culture statistics

how the work should be organised in the future (incl. legal basis)

at what cost (human and financial resources needed at EU and national level)?

(The Cultural Statistics WG was invited to communicate discussions to the appropriate national actors so that a broader debate can be launched …. )

2007 – year to re-launch international cooperation?2007 – year to re-launch international cooperation?