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UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 2015
Stationary Energy Storage
Systems – Addressing Safety
Hazards Through Standards
Rajnikanth
Business Head – South Asia
UL India Pvt Ltd
ESI 2017
Mumbai
UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 2015
Agenda
Introduction to UL
Importance of EESS in a Changing Environment
Technologies , Applications & Scale
Hazards associated with EESSs
How to address hazards of EESSs
Status of Codes & EESSs Standards in USA
International EESS Standards Development
What’s next?
Indian Context…
2
UL Mission - Safe, Clean Energy Be the world’s premier provider of services to address safety,
performance, compliance and monitoring in the field of energy,
including renewables.
Photovoltaic systems
Wind Systems Electric vehicles
Smart Grid, Micro-grid
Services Offered
• Smart grid product certification and
advisory.
• Renewable energy standards, testing,
certification and advisory services.
• Large scale Energy Storage System
testing and certification.
• Electric vehicle standards, testing and
certification.
5 UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 2012
Leader in Advanced Battery Safety Science
7
Research
Thought Leadership
Battery Standards
Testing & Certification
Design Advisory
UL 810A: Electrochemical
Capacitors
UL 1973: Stationary Applications
UL 2271: Light Electric Vehicles
UL 2580: Electric Vehicles
UL 9540: Energy Storage Systems
UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 2015
Why the Interest in Electric Energy Storage
Systems?
Recently, enormous focus has been placed on
expanding the energy storage infrastructure.
The benefits of energy storage are driven by several
dynamic factors.
9
Supporting Renewables by Mitigating
Intermittency
10 UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 2015
Grid Balancing & Load Leveling, Reliability &
Resiliency
11
Source: PBS
UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 2015
UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 2014
Peak Demand & Economics
12
Source: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 2015
Smart Grid, Distributive Energy & Vehicle
Electrification
13
UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 2015
Technologies Commercialized
Lead Acid
• Valve Regulated
• Vented
Nickel
• Ni-Cad
• NimH
Lithium ion
• LFP, NMC, etc.
Sodium Beta
• Sodium Sulfur
• Sodium Nickel Chloride
Flow Batteries
• Vanadium Redox
• Zinc Bromine
Electrochemical Capacitors
• Symmetric
• Asymmetric
UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 2015
Scale and Application
Scale of size and
application
Large scale multi-system • Grid and renewable
support (wind farm, etc.)
Mid level commercial scale • Distributive energy,
UPS, etc.
Small residential scale • Appliance to
support EV charging, renewable, UPS
16
UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 2015
Hazards: Energy
19
As an energy source, an electric energy storage
system may represent a potential energy hazard,
which could lead to –
Fires
Explosions
UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 2015
Hazards: Electrical
20
As a source of electricity, an electric energy storage
system may represent a potential electrical hazard,
which could lead to:
Electric Shock
Arc Flash
UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 2015
Hazards: Hazardous Materials
21
Depending upon technology, etc., systems may be a potential source of exposure to harmful materials, which could result in:
Concentrations of hazardous gases
Hazardous liquid spills
Exposures to hazardous solids
UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 2015
Hazards: Physical
22
There may be potential for physical hazards associated with the EESS such as:
Burns
Hazardous Moving Parts or
Pinch Parts
Slip or other physical hazard
UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 2015
Addressing hazards through compliance
to safety standards
24
The EESS safety standard should evaluate EESS’s ability to mitigate risk
through:
Safety analysis/ FMEA • ID and analyze potential hazards
• Determine and evaluate methods used to mitigate those hazards
Appropriate construction criteria • Use of appropriately rated
components and materials
• Suitability of markings and instructions
Normal use and abuse tests • Determine system’s ability to mitigate
hazards under test conditions representative of worse case normal use and abuse conditions
UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 2015
Addressing hazards through compliance
to safety standards
Verification of EESS safety:
Self Verification
Use of 3rd Party to Verify Safety
• Certification
• 3rd party testing and evaluation (without certification)
• Field Evaluation by 3rd party
What are the Codes and Regulations at site of installation?
• Does code require “3rd party Certification”?
• What does the regulator want?
25
UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 2015
Addressing hazards through compliance
to codes
26
Codes address:
Federal Regulations: 49CFR173.185, 49CFR172.102,
47CFR15.109, 29CFR1910, etc.
,
Model codes used in local and regional regulations:
NEC, IFC, IBC, NFPA 54, IFGC, NFPA 2, etc.
EESS installation concerns • In buildings • Electrical connections • Connection to other utilities
Worker safety
Environment concerns
Shipping of hazardous materials
EMC emissions
UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 2015
Status of EESS Standards and Codes
Development in the USA
ANSI/CAN/UL-9540:2016, Energy
Storage
Systems and Equipment
SAFETY STANDARD
PNNL 22010, Protocol for Uniformly Measuring and Expressing the Performance of Energy Storage Systems
IEEE 1679
• Recommended Practice for Characterization and Evaluation of Emerging Energy Storage Technologies in Stationary Applications
• IEEE2030.3-2016 - IEEE Standard Test Procedures for Electric Energy Storage Equipment and Systems for Electric Power
Systems Applications
UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 2015
Status of EESS Standards and Codes
Development in the USA
Ap
plic
ab
le C
od
es
NF
PA
• NFPA 70,
National Electrical Code
• NFPA 5000, Building Construction and Safety Code
• NFPA 54, National Fuel Gas Code
• NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code
• NFPA 2, Hydrogen Code
ICC
• ICC IFC, International Fire Code
• ICC IBC, International Building Code
• ICC IFGC, International Fuel Gas Code
• ICC IPC, International Plumbing Code
• ICC IMC, International Mechanical Code
IEE
E
• IEEE C2,National Electrical Safety Code (NESC)
UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 2015
Status of EESS Standards and Codes
Development in the USA
Safety Standards development by UL:
• ANSI/CAN/UL-9540:2016, Energy Storage
• Systems and Equipment: Published in July 2014
• Bi-national standard for US and Canada
• ANSI UL 1973, Batteries for Use in LER and Stationary Applications
• Battery requirements for UL 9540
• Published in January 2013
• 2nd Edition bulletin 1st quarter 2015
• Bi-national standard in 4th quarter 2015
UL 9540, Safety of Energy Storage Systems and Equipment
• Proposed in November 2014
• Accepted with comments
• To be published in 2017 Code
NFPA 70 (NEC), Article 706 (new energy storage article)
30
UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 2015
Status of EESS Standards and Codes
Development in the USA
Technologies Represented:
UL 9540 is non technology
specific
Electrochemical, Chemical,
Mechanical, Thermal Systems
UL 1973 is nontechnology
specific
Lithium ion, sodium beta, nickel, lead
acid, electrochemical capacitors, flow
batteries and hybrid systems
NFPA 70, Article 706
Includes general and
specific criteria for battery systems
including flow batteries
Includes general criteria for mechanical
and thermal systems
31
UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 2015
International EESS Standards
Development
IEC TC 120 – technical committee for electrical energy storage (EES) systems
• Any type of grid-connected energy storage, which can: 1) store electrical energy from a grid or any other source and 2) provide electrical energy to a grid
• A grid includes : transmission grids, distribution grids, commercial grids, industrial grids, residential grids, and islanded grids
• Focuses on system aspects on EES Systems rather than energy storage device technologies
• Deals with defining unit parameters, testing methods, planning and installation, guide for environmental issues and system safety aspects of EES systems
Scope
UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 2015
International EESS Standards
Development
• IEC 62933, Electrical Energy Storage (EES) Systems – Terminology
• IEC 62934, Unit Parameters and Testing Methods of Electrical Energy Storage (EES) Systems
• IEC 62935, Planning and Installation of Electrical Energy Storage Systems
• IEC 62936, Environmental Issues of EES Systems
• IEC 62937, Safety Considerations Related to the Installation of Grid Integrated Electrical Energy Storage (EES) Systems
Standards Under Development in IEC TC 120
• All are at draft CD stage
• Anticipated publication dates of 12-2017 except IEC 62933 anticipated for 12-2016
• IEC 62933, IEC 62934 and IEC 62935 will be standards upon publication
• IEC 62936 and IEC 62937 will be technical specifications upon publication
Status
34
What’s next? Advancement/Use of New Technologies
Revisions to UL 1973 cell criteria for:
• Lithium ion cells – alternate program based upon IEC 62619
UL second life standard under development: UL 1974
• Work started on draft in 2015
• Consider repurposed cells and batteries for various 2nd life applications
• Looks at process of sorting and grading of batteries
IEC Standards development for flow batteries:
• Flow battery systems for stationary applications
• IEC 62932-1 - General Aspects, Terminology and Definitions
• IEC 62932-2-1 - Performance general requirements & methods of test
• IEC 62932-2-2 - Safety requirements
IEC Standards for lithium ion batteries:
• IEC 62619 - Safety requirements for large format secondary lithium cells and batteries for use in industrial applications (2016)
• IEC 62620 - Secondary lithium cells and batteries for use in industrial applications (published)
• IEC 62897 - Stationary Energy Storage Systems with Lithium Batteries - Safety Requirements (TBD)
36 UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 2015
UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 2015
Standards / Testing Infrastructure in India
38
Need for Indian Standards –
IESA – UL partnership –
Invite to Join.
Establish local testing
infrastructure for ESS
We are here to help !!!!!!