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SVB Confidential
StatewideSurveyonBroadbandAdoption2021Internet Adoption and the “Digital Divide” in California
ResultsfromasurveyconductedfortheCaliforniaEmergingTechnologyFund
(CETF)
University of Southern CaliforniaPrincipal Investigator: Dr. Hernan Galperin
March 2021
SVB Confidential
AbouttheStatewideSurveyonAdoption
• Population: California Adults (age 18 and older)• SampleSize: 1,650 Households• MethodofCollection: Telephone Survey• SamplingMethod: Random-Digit Dialing (RDD) of
Cellphones (94%) and Landlines (6%) in California• Languages: English, Spanish, Mandarin, Vietnamese• MarginofError: ~2% for 95% Confidence Level• Weights: Results Were Adjusted for Age, Gender,
Race/Ethnicity, Education and Region based on ACS 2019• FieldworkDates: February 10 – March 22, 2021
2
00
1010
2020
3030
4040
5050
6060
7070
8080
9090
1001002021 2021 2017201720082008
California Overall
Inland Empire
Orange -San Diego
Central Valley
Bay AreaLos Angeles
48%48%
65%65%
53%53%
58%58% 56%56% 55%55%
88%88%
93%93%
84%84% 86%86%
80%80%
87%87%89%89%
96%96%
86%86%89%89%
91%91%92%92%
SMARTPHONE SMARTPHONE ONLYONLY
CALIFORNIA BROADBAND ADOPTIONCALIFORNIA BROADBAND ADOPTIONREGIONSREGIONS
23%23%
15%15%
20%20%
9%9%
20%20%18%18%
8%8%4%4%
6%6%3%3%
5%5% 6%6%
EXCEEDED 2022 GOAL: 90% OVERALL ADOPTION
00
1010
2020
3030
4040
5050
6060
7070
8080
9090
100100
CaliforniaOverall
RuralHouseholds
Peoplewith Disabilities
LatinoHouseholds
Low-IncomeHouseholds
33%33% 34%34% 36%36%
51%51%55%55%
81%81% 82%82%
75%75%
87%87% 87%87%
82%82% 84%84% 83%83%
91%91%
79%79%
SMARTPHONE SMARTPHONE ONLYONLY
CALIFORNIA BROADBAND ADOPTIONCALIFORNIA BROADBAND ADOPTIONGROUPSGROUPS
EXCEEDED 2022 GOAL: 90% OVERALL ADOPTION
25%25%28%28%
15%15% 16%16%18%18%
11%11%8%8%
10%10% 11%11%
6%6%
202120212017201720082008
SVB Confidential
BroadbandadoptioninCaliforniacontinuestorisewhiletheshareofsmartphone‐onlyusersdrops.
55%
62%
70%72% 73%
75% 75%79%
84%87% 88%
91%
67%71% 70% 69%
78%
85%
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Broadband Adoption in California (2008‐2021)Overall Connected* Connected through desktop/laptop/tablet
Source: 2021 from USC; 2017/2019 from Berkeley IGS Poll; 2014 to 2016 from The Field Poll; 2008 to 2013 from PPIC.
*Includes those who can connect to the Internet either through a desktop, laptop, tablet computer, or smartphone.
† 90.5% of households are connected, rounding to 91%. 84.8% are connected with a laptop, desktop or tablet, and 5.7% are smartphone only.
†
Smartphone-only
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9%
16%
2%
25%
5%
8%
8%
6%
8%
6%
10%
4%
1%
3%
85%
76%
92%
65%
91%
91%
89%
Total
Hispanic (Net)
Hispanic (English Speaking)
Hispanic (Spanish Speaking)
White, Non‐Hispanic
Black
Asian American
Broadband Adoption by Race/Ethnicity
Unconnected Underconnected (smartphone only) Connected through desktop/laptop/tablet
Nearly1in4Hispanicsareunconnectedorunderconnected,significantlybehindotherracial/ethnicgroups.
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SVB Confidential
9%
4%
2%
3%
10%
23%
6%
5%
6%
2%
8%
5%
85%
90%
92%
95%
82%
72%
Total
18‐29
30‐39
40‐49
50‐64
65 & older
Broadband Adoption by Age Group
Unconnected Underconnected (smartphone only) Connected through desktop/laptop/tablet
Adoptionforolderadultslags,morethan1in4residentsage65andolderareunconnectedorunderconnected.
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However,therehavebeensignificantgainsinadoptionamongolderadultssince2019.
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9%
6%
13%
6%
7%
4%
85%
87%
83%
Total
Men
Women
Broadband Adoption by Gender
Unconnected Underconnected (smartphone only) Connected through desktop/laptop/tablet
Asmallbutsignificantgendergapinadoptionexists.Whilewomenaremorethantwiceaslikelytobeunconnected,menmakeupalargershareofsmartphone‐onlyusers.
9
SVB Confidential
TherearesignificantdisparitiesinbroadbandadoptionacrossCalifornia,withLosAngelesCountyandtheCentralValleylaggingbehindotherregions.
9%
5%
8%
9%
11%
11%
14%
6%
4%
5%
8%
3%
8%
6%
85%
92%
87%
83%
86%
81%
80%
Total
Bay Area
Inland Empire
Rest of California
Orange County/San Diego County
Los Angeles County
Central Valley
Broadband Adoption by Region
Unconnected Underconnected (smartphone only) Connected through desktop/laptop/tablet
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SVB Confidential
Therearealsodisparitiesinbroadbandadoptionbetweenmetroandnon‐metroareas.
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9%
7%
13%
6%
5%
11%
85%
88%
76%
Total
Metro
Non‐Metro*
Broadband Adoption by Metro vs. Non‐Metro Area
Unconnected Underconnected (smartphone only) Connected through desktop/laptop/tablet
* Non‐metro areas are defined using the USDA Rural‐Urban Commuting Area codes 4‐10.
SVB Confidential
Nearlyhalfofthosewithoutahighschooldegreeareunconnectedorunderconnected,instarkcontrasttothosewithhighereducationalattainment.
9%
37%
8%
3%
3%
1%
6%
12%
7%
5%
2%
2%
85%
51%
85%
92%
95%
97%
Total
Less than High School
High School Degreeor Equivalent
Some College orTrade School
College Graduate
Post‐graduateDegree
Broadband Adoption by Educational Attainment
Unconnected Underconnected (smartphone only) Connected through desktop/laptop/tablet
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Adoptionforthosewithoutahighschooldegreeislowerthanitwasin2019,likelyreflectingtheimpactoftheCOVID‐19pandemiconthelow‐wageworkforce.
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Peoplewithdisabilitiesaremorethantwiceaslikelytobeunconnectedorunderconnected.
9%
17%
8%
6%
10%
5%
85%
73%
87%
Total
DifferentlyAbled orDisabled
NotDifferentlyAbled orDisabled
Unconnected Underconnected (smartphone only) Connected through desktop/laptop/tablet
Broadband Adoption by Disability Status
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However,theoverallbroadbandadoptiongapforpeoplewithdisabilitiescontinuestonarrow.
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Differently Abled or Disabled Not Differently Abled or Disabled
Broadband Adoption by Disability Status (2014 ‐ 2021)
Source: 2021 from USC; 2017‐2019 from Berkeley IGS Poll; 2014 to 2016 from The Field Poll.
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Morethan1in4low‐incomehouseholdsareunconnectedorunderconnected,incontrasttonearuniversaladoptionamonghigher‐incomehouseholds.
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9%
16%
2%
6%
10%
2%
85%
74%
96%
Total
Low‐Income**
Not Low‐Income
Unconnected Underconnected (smartphone only) Connected through desktop/laptop/tablet
**Low‐income is defined as households with income lower than 200% of the Federal Poverty Line depending on number of household members.
Broadband Adoption by Income Status
SVB Confidential
Overall,earliergainsinbroadbandadoptionamonglower‐incomehouseholdshaveslowed.
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Shareoflow‐incomehouseholdsonlyconnectingwithasmartphonecontinuestofall,butremainshighforthoseearninglessthan$20,000.
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23%
19%
9%
4%
2%
77%
81%
91%
96%
98%
Less than $20,000
$20,000‐$39,999
$40,000‐$59,999
$60,000‐$99,999
$100,000 or more
Yes No
"Was there ever a time when your household went without Internet access for one month or longer?"
Further,evenwhenconnected,manylower‐incomehouseholdsgowithoutInternetaccessforsignificantperiodsoftime.
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Affordabilityisthemainreasonthatkeepshouseholdsfromadoptingbroadband;digitalliteracyandlackofanappropriatedevicearealsorelevantfactors.
68%
55%
53%
50%
34%
26%
16%
Too expensive
Privacy/security concerns
Not comfortable usingPC/Internet
No computer
Not availablewhere I live
Can connect fromanother place
Smartphone is enough
All Reasons*
*Percentages add to more than 100% due to multiple responses
38%
11%
2%
14%
7%
5%
6%
Main Reason
Note: Subsample for unconnected and underconnected n=212 (unweighted)
Self‐Reported Reasons for Lack of Internet Connectivity at Home Among Unconnected and Underconnected
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SVB Confidential
Aware of low‐cost plans38%
Not aware of low‐cost plans62%
Applied24%
Did not apply76%
Note: Subsample for unconnected and underconnected n=212 (unweighted)
Nearly2in3unconnectedorsmartphone‐onlyhouseholdsareunawareofdiscountInternetplans,andfewerthan1in4ofthoseawarereporthavingeverapplied.
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Yes, Connect Outside the Home41%
No, Don't Connect Outside the Home
59%
61%
33%
33%
37%
22%
16%
1%
Home of family/friend
Work
Library
Store or café/restaurant
Other public building
School
Other
Where?
Note: Subsample for unconnected and underconnected n=212 (unweighted)
"Do you or do others in your household ever connect to the Internet outside your home?" (Among Unconnected or Underconnected Households)
Nearly40%ofunconnectedorunderconnected householdsusetheInternetoutsidethehome,includinginpubliclibrariesandotherpublicspaces.
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Householdswithschool‐agechildrencontinuetobemorelikelytobeconnected.
70%
75%
80%
85%
90%
95%
100%
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Child/Children in Household No Child/Children in Household
Source: 2021 from USC; 2017‐2019 from Berkeley IGS Poll; 2014 to 2016 from The Field Poll.
Broadband Adoption by Presence of School‐Age Children (2014 ‐ 2021)
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Theshareofhouseholdswithschool‐agechildrenrelyingonlyonasmartphoneforaccessisfallingmorerapidly,drivenbyschool‐issueddevices.
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Child/Children in Household No Child/Children in Household
Smartphone‐Only Households by Presence of School‐Age Children (2014‐21)
Source: 2021 from USC; 2017‐2019 from Berkeley IGS Poll; 2014 to 2016 from The Field Poll.
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