States of Matter

• Solid• Liquid• Gas

• A change in state always involves a change in temperature (average kinetic energy)

Solid

• Particles – –Very close together –Organized arrangement– “vibrate” in place– Lowest energy –Condensed state (low energy)–Definite shape and volume

Liquid

• Particles – –Medium distance apart – “slide over” each other – Slightly higher energy –Condensed state – (low energy) – Indefinite shape and Definite volume

Gas

• Particles – –Very far apart –Collide with each other –Highest energy – Indefinite shape and Indefinite volume

Gas

• Particles – –Very far apart –Collide with each other –Highest energy – Indefinite shape and Indefinite volume

Solution

• a mixture of two or more substances that is identical throughout, small particles

• can be physically separated• composed of solutes and solvents

the substance in the smallest amount and the one that dissolves in the solvent

the substance in the larger

amount that dissolves the solute

Iced Tea Mix(solute)

Water(solvent)

Iced Tea(solution)

Parts of a Solution

• Solution- A homogenous mixture of two or more substances in a single physical state

Ex. salt water or pop

• Solvent- Substance that does the dissolving in a solution (water)

• Solute- Substance that is dissolved in a solvent to form a solution (salt or

sugar)

Aqueous Solution

• Water as the solvent

Concentration • a measure of the amount of solute

dissolved in a given quantity of solvent

•described as dilute if it has a low of solute (light)

•described as saturated if it has a maximum amount of solute (normal)

•described as concentrated if contains a lot of solute (dark)

How Much Will Dissolve?• Solubility• -is the max amount of solute that will dissolve

at a specific/given temperature. • The units for solubility are:

grams of solute/100 grams solvent

• Saturated solution- • -Contains the maximum amount of solute

dissolved.

• Unsaturated solution- • -Can still dissolve more solute

• Supersaturated solution- • solution that is holding (or dissolving) more

than it theoretically can; a “seed crystal” will make it come out