States of Matter

By Mr. Lin

What is Matter?

• Matter is made from anything that has mass.

• The basic building block of mass are atoms.

• Atoms can also join together to make molecules.

Image courtesy of http://www.ktf-split.hr/glossary/image/atom.gif

Image Courtesy of http://ghs.gresham.k12.or.us/science/ps/sci/ibbio/chem/notes/chpt2/water.gif

This is a watermolecule, whichjoins two Hydrogen atoms(green) With one Oxygen atom (blue).

This is an atom for the element Beryllium

We Can’t See Atoms . . . But since atoms combine to build larger

items, we can still observe matter

But how?

Observing Matter

• If any part of your five senses can sense it, then there is evidence of matter!

Swamp at First Landing State Park. Matter includes, water, leaves, tree trunks, and mud.

Homemade Pizza. Matterincludes bread, cheese,broccoli, tomato sauce, aluminum, ceramic, andplastic.

Wind blowing Jean’s hair.Matter includes Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon Dioxide,as well as the molecules that make up grass, flesh,cotton, hair, and much more.

There are Three States of Matter

Solid

Liquid

Gas

Properties of Solids

Properties of Solids• Solids have a definite

size and shape.• Solids do not change

shapes on their own.• The molecules that

make it up are stuck in place

• Solids can be “broken,” “melted,” or “bent.” Our wedding cake was able to stand on its own

and keep its shape because it was solid. Mrs. Lin and I had to use a knife to cut it up. Technically, even when we eat things, the chemicals in oursaliva chemically break down the food molecules.

Solids: Molecules

• The molecules of a solid are packed together nice and tightly.

• On the right, we have an example of salt (NaCl) molecules packed tightly into a solid Image Courtesy of http://www.mie.utoronto.ca/labs/lcdlab/biopic/fig/2.11a.jpg

Properties of Liquids

Properties of Liquids

• Liquids have a definite size (or volume).

• However, liquids do not have a definite shape. In fact, it molds to the shape of its container.

• Liquids can still hold itself together, not allowing it to spread forever. Surface tension has a lot to do with it.

The liquids represented here are the OrangeJuice and water (of course the ice is solid).As you can see, the liquids have molded Themselves to the shape of their containers.

Liquids: Molecules

• Liquid molecules are looser than solid molecules.

• In fact, liquid molecules can actually move about. However they are still attracted to each other, thus preventing them from spilling and spreading forever and ever.– This is why droplets of

water can hold itself in

Water Droplet

The water droplets are, indeed, liquid. When it is

on its own without a container, it does not

continue to spread. In fact liquids are capable

of holding themselves in, thanks to “surface

tension.”Image Courtesy of http://misheli.image.pbase.com/g4/83/421983/2/60122163.cdav8498_js.jpg

Properties of Gases

Properties of Gases

• Gases have no shape, size, or color.

• On the right is a picture I took on my return from Taiwan. The photograph shows a solid airplane wing. The blue is simply made from the sun and reflections from the ocean and clouds below. The gas in the air, however, is invisible.

Gases: Molecules

• While this looks similar to liquid molecules, gas molecules are much farther apart. The molecules are “excited” and full of energy. As a result, the molecules move fast and randomly.

Image Courtesy of http://molo.concord.org/database-images/gas_box.jpg

Identify the 3 States of Water

Photo From Breckinridge, CO