The States of Matter

Basic StatesOn Earth, matter exists in 3 basic states:

Solid

Liquid

Gas

Solids, Liquids and Gases

What is going with the motion of the particles in matter?

Let’s find out!

Solids

Solids vibrate in placeSolids are closely packed

togetherSolids have a

definite shapeSolids have a

definite volume

LiquidsLiquids roll aroundLiquids are still close

together, but loosely arranged

Liquids have an indefinite shape – they change shape to

take the shape of their

containerLiquids have a

definite volume

GasesGas particles move randomlyGases are not close togetherGases have an

indefinite shape – actually,

no shape at allGases have an

indefinite volume – they will fill whatever

the container they are in

Can You Explain?Look at each diagram. Explain why: The solid is not in a container The liquid is in a container The gas is in a closed container

Quick ReviewWhat is matter?Matter is stuff! (anything that has mass and takes up space)What is stuff?If you could look at matter at a microscopic level, you would see itty bitty pieces, or particles.These are the particles (or stuff) matter is made ofHow these particles are arranged determines the state of matter – solid, liquid or gas

Kinetic Theory

In science, this is know as the …All matter is made of particlesThese particles are in constant motionChanging the temperature affects the motion of the particles.

Solid to LiquidThe particles in a liquid have more energy than the particles in a solidWhat can you do to increase the energy or motion of the particles in a solid to change it into a liquid?Add heatWhat is this process called?

Liquid to GasThe particles in a gas have more energy than the particles in a liquidWhat can you do to increase the energy or motion of the particles in a liquid to change it into a gas?Add heatWhat is this process called?

Gas to a Liquid

How can we reverse the process?Take away heatWhat is this process called?

Liquid to Solid

How can we reverse this process?Take away heatWhat is this process called?

Sum it Up!Increasing temperature causes particles to

SPEED UPDecreasing temperature causes particles to

SLOW DOWN

Important!!!Changing the amount of heat energy usually causes a phase change However, DURING the phase change, the temperature stays the same even though the heat energy changes.

Why?????This energy is going into changing the phase and not into raising the temperature. That's why water doesn't get hotter as it is boiling. The temperature remains constant until the phase change is complete.