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STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Income Statement)
Ali Tafriji Biswan (Altaf)
STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
Statement)
(Altaf)
Konsep Income
• Misal: Net aset awal tahun Rp45 jt, akhir tahun Rp80 jt, lalu ada
tambahan modal investasi Rp10 jt, berapa income?
– Rp25 jt.
• Karena tidak detail, akuntansi kita lebih
pendekatan transaksi untuk menentukan
– Laba bersih = Pendapatan – Beban
Statement of comprehensive income (IAS)
Income statement (Transaction approach; b4 IAS)
Capital maintenance concept
jt, akhir tahun Rp80 jt, lalu ada
tambahan modal investasi Rp10 jt, berapa income?
lebih prefer mengaplikasikan
menentukan income
Beban + Untung - Rugi
Statement of comprehensive income (IAS)
Income statement (Transaction approach; b4 IAS)
Capital maintenance concept
Tinjauan Rugi Laba
Kegunaan:
• Basis untuk:
– evaluasi kinerja masa lalu
manajemen.
– Basis untuk prediksi
kinerja masa hadapan.
– nilai risiko atau
ketidakpastian arus kas
mendatang.
Kelemahan:
• Item
dapat
tidak
• Angka
metode
• Pengukuran
unsur
PerformancePerformance
Kelemahan:
Item-item tertentu yang tidak
dapat diukur secara meyakinkan
tidak dilaporkan dalam Laba rugi.
Angka income sangat tergantung
metode apa yang dipakai.
Pengukuran income melibatkan
unsur judgment.
Definisi
• Total income minus expense, di luar komponen other comprehensive income
• Bahasa lamanya: “net income”
Profit or loss
• Memuat income dan expense (termasuk reclassification adjustment) yg tidak diakui di dalam profit or loss
Other comprehensive
income
• Perubahan ekuitas selama periode tertentu yg dihasilkan dari transaksi dan kejadian lain, selain yg transaksi pemilik
Total comprehensive
income
Total income minus expense, di luar komponen other comprehensive income
Bahasa lamanya: “net income”
Memuat income dan expense (termasuk reclassification adjustment) yg tidak diakui di dalam profit or loss
Perubahan ekuitas selama periode tertentu yg dihasilkan dari transaksi dan kejadian lain, selain yg transaksi pemilik
Single-Step Income Statement
Terdiri dari 2 grup:
RevenuesRevenues
ExpensesExpenses
Net IncomeNet Income
SingleSingle--StepStep
Tdk dibedakan antara Tdk dibedakan antara OperatingOperating
&& NonNon--operatingoperating..
Step Income Statement
Income Statement (in thousands)
Revenues:
Sales 285,000$
Interest revenue 17,000
Total revenue 302,000
Expenses:
Cost of goods sold 149,000
Advertising expense 10,000
Depreciation expense 43,000
Interest expense 21,000
Income tax expense 24,000
Total expenses 247,000
Net income 55,000$
Earnings per share 0.75$
Multiple-Step Income Statement
Penyajian dibagi dalam Penyajian dibagi dalam
beberapa bagian/seksibeberapa bagian/seksi. .
1. Operating Section1. Operating Section
2. 2. NonoperatingNonoperatingSectionSection
3. Income tax3. Income tax
Step Income Statement
Income Statement (in thousands)
Sales 285,000$
Cost of goods sold 149,000
Gross profit 136,000
Operating expenses:
Advertising expense 10,000
Depreciation expense 43,000
Total operating expense 53,000
Income from operations 83,000
Other revenue (expense):
Interest revenue 17,000
Interest expense (21,000)
Total other (4,000)
Income before taxes 79,000
Income tax expense 24,000
Net income 55,000$
Earnings per share 0.75$
Operating Income
Operating income
kinerja operasi bisnis yg mendasar
(fundamental
rumusannya adalah:
Gross profit
– Operating expenses
= Operating income
Baik FASB maupun IASB memandang
Gross Profit adalah sajian utama income,
tetapi apakah IAS menganut single/multiple
step?
Operating Income
Operating income mengukur
kinerja operasi bisnis yg mendasar
fundamental business operations),
rumusannya adalah:
Gross profit
Operating expenses
Operating income
Baik FASB maupun IASB memandang
Gross Profit adalah sajian utama income,
tetapi apakah IAS menganut single/multiple
Statement of Comprehensive Income
Komponen Statement of comprehensive income:
o Revenue
o Finance costs
o Share of the profit or loss of associates and joint ventures
for using the equity Method
o Tax expense
o A single amount comprising the total of
o the post tax profit or loss of discontinued operations,
o the post-tax gain or loss recognized on the measurement to fair value less costs to sell or on the disposal of the assets or disposal group(s) constituting the discontinued operation
o Profit or loss
o Each component of other comprehensive income classified by nature
o Share of the other comprehensive income of associates and joint
ventures accounted for using the equity method; and
o Total comprehensive income.
Statement of Comprehensive Income
Komponen Statement of comprehensive income:
Share of the profit or loss of associates and joint ventures accounted
A single amount comprising the total of
operations, and
the measurement to fair value less costs the disposal of the assets or disposal group(s) constituting the
ach component of other comprehensive income classified by nature
hare of the other comprehensive income of associates and joint
accounted for using the equity method; and
Penyajian Perubahan Ekuitas
Perubahan Ekuitasdalam Suatu Periode
Komponen dari Disajikan dalamprofit or loss Income statement
Perubahannon pemilik Komponen dari Disajikan dalam
other comprehensive Statement of comprehensiveincome income
Komponen dari Disajikan dalamowner changes Statement of changes
in equity in equity
Perubahan
pemilik
Penyajian Perubahan Ekuitas
Disajikan dalamIncome statement Disajikan dalam
Statement of comprehensiveDisajikan dalam incomeStatement of comprehensive
Disajikan dalam Disajikan dalamStatement of changes Statement of changes
in equity
Definisi menurut FASB:
All changes in equity during a period except those resulting from
investments by owners and distributions to owners
Comprehensive Income
Income Statement (in thousands)
Sales 285,000$
Cost of goods sold 149,000
Gross profit 136,000
Operating expenses:
Advertising expense 10,000
Depreciation expense 43,000
Total operating expense 53,000
Income from operations 83,000
Other revenue (expense):
Interest revenue 17,000
Interest expense (21,000)
Total other (4,000)
Income before taxes 79,000
Income tax expense 24,000
Net income 55,000$
changes in equity during a period except those resulting from
investments by owners and distributions to owners.
Comprehensive Income
Other Comprehensive Other Comprehensive IncomeIncome
+
Other Comprehensive Income
• Mencakup income & expense yg profit/loss (net income)
• Contoh:
– changes in revaluation surplus
– actuarial gains and losses on defined benefit plans
– gains and losses arising from translatingstatements of a foreign operation
– gains and losses on remeasuring availableassets
– the effective portion of gains and losses on instruments in a cash flow hedge
Other Comprehensive Income
yg tdk diakui dalam
on defined benefit plans
translating the financial
available-for-sale financial
the effective portion of gains and losses on hedging
Two-Statement
Format for
Comprehensive
Income
Comprehensive IncomeComprehensive Income
V. Gill Inc.
Combined Statement of Comprehensive Income
For the Year Ended December 31, 2007
Sales revenue
Cost of goods sold
Gross profit
Operating expenses
Net income
Unrealized holding gain, net of tax
Comprehensive income
Combined Income StatementCombined Income Statement
Comprehensive Income
V. Gill Inc.
Combined Statement of Comprehensive Income
For the Year Ended December 31, 2007
800,000$
600,000
200,000
90,000
110,000
Unrealized holding gain, net of tax 30,000
140,000$
Combined Income StatementCombined Income Statement
Comprehensive Income
Disclose
• An entity shall disclose the following items in the statement of comprehensive income as allocations for the period:
– (a) profit or loss for the period attributable to:
• (i) non-controlling interests, and
• (ii) owners of the parent.
– (b) total comprehensive income for the period
attributable to:
• (i) non-controlling interests, and
• (ii) owners of the parent.
An entity shall disclose the following items in the income as allocations
(a) profit or loss for the period attributable to:
(b) total comprehensive income for the period
STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (SINGLE APPROACH)
Revenue
Cost of sales
Gross profit
Other income
Distribution costs
Administrative expenses
Other expenses
Finance costs
Share of profit of associates
Profit before tax
Income tax expense (25%)
Profit for the year from contonuing operations
Loss for the year from discontinued operations
Profit for ther year
Other comprehensive income:
Exchange differences on translating foreign operations
AFS financial assets
Cash flow hedges
Gains on property revaluation
Accrual gains (losses) on defined benefit pension plans
Share of other comprehensive income of associates
Income tax relating to components of other comprehensive income
Other comprehensive income for the year, net of tax
Total comprehensive income for the year
Profit attributable to:
Owners of the parent
Minority interest
Total comprehensive income attributable to:
Owners of the parent
Minority interest
Earnings per share:
Basic and diluted
2007 2008
390.000 355.000
(245.000) (230.000)
145.000 125.000
20.667 11.300
(9.000) (8.700)
(20.000) (21.000)
(2.100) (1.200)
(8.000) (7.500)
35.100 16.667 30.100 3.000
161.667 128.000
(40.417) (32.000)
121.250 96.000
- (30.500)
121.250 65.500
5.334 10.667
(24.000) 26.667
(667) (4.000)
933 3.367
(667) 1.333
400 (700)
Income tax relating to components of other comprehensive income 4.667 (9.334)
(14.000) 28.000
107.250 93.500
97.000 52.400
10.250 41.100
107.250 93.500
85.800 74.800
21.450 18.700
107.250 93.500
0,46 0,3
STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE
INCOME (TWO-STATEMENT)
INCOME STATEMENT
Revenue
Cost of sales
Gross profit
Other income
Distribution costs
Administrative expenses
Other expenses
Finance costs
Share of profit of associates
Profit before tax
Income tax expense (25%)
Profit for the year from contonuing operations
Loss for the year from discontinued operations
Profit for ther year
Profit attributable to:
Owners of the parent
Minority interest
Earnings per share:
Basic and diluted
2007 2008
390.000 355.000
(245.000) (230.000)
145.000 125.000
20.667 11.300
(9.000) (8.700)
(20.000) (21.000)
(2.100) (1.200)
(8.000) (7.500)
35.100 16.667 30.100 3.000
161.667 128.000
(40.417) (32.000)
121.250 96.000
- (30.500)
121.250 65.500
97.000 52.400
24.250 13.100
121.250 65.500
0,46 0,3
STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
Profit for the year
Other comprehensive income:
Exchange differences on translating foreign operations
AFS financial assets
Cash flow hedges
Gains on property revaluation
Accrual gains (losses) on defined benefit pension plans
Share of other comprehensive income of associates
Income tax relating to components of other comprehensive income
Other comprehensive income for the year, net of tax
Total comprehensive income for the year
Total comprehensive income attributable to:
Owners of the parent
Minority interest
2007 2006
121.250 65.500
5.334 10.667
(24.000) 26.667
(667) (4.000)
933 3.367
(667) 1.333
400 (700)
Income tax relating to components of other comprehensive income 4.667 (9.334)
(14.000) 28.000
107.250 93.500
85.800 74.800
21.450 18.700
107.250 93.500
Event
Unusual?NoNo
Infrequent?NoNo
or
Extraordinary Items (FASB)
Apakah “extraordinary items” masih
relevan menurut IAS?
Report Gain (Loss) As
YesYes
YesYes
and
Extraordinary Item
(FASB)
Apakah “extraordinary items” masih
Discontinued Operations occurs when,
(a) company eliminates the
results of operations and
cash flows of a component
(b) there is no significant continuing involvement in that component.
Amount reported “net of tax.”
Reporting Irregular Items
Apakah “discontinued operations”
masih relevan menurut IAS?
occurs when,
company eliminates the
results of operations and
cash flows of a component.
there is no significant continuing involvement in that component.
Amount reported “net of tax.”
Reporting Irregular Items
Apakah “discontinued operations”
Pada tahun 2007: PT Media mencatat laba operasi berjalan (net) $55,000,000. Divisi Restauran dijual dg pretax loss $270,000, sebelumnya dari hasil operasionalpretax loss $450,000. Misal, pajak income PT Media!
Reporting Discontinued Operations
Income from continuing operations
Discontinued operations:
Loss from operations, net of $135,000 tax
Loss on disposal, net of $81,000 tax
Net income
Total loss on discontinued operations
Contoh kasus tsb, kalau disajikan menurut versi IAS sbb.:
Loss for the year from discontinued operations $504,000
Pada tahun 2007: PT Media mencatat laba operasi Divisi Restauran dijual dg
, sebelumnya dari hasil operasionalMisal, pajak 30%, siapkan sajian
Reporting Discontinued Operations
Income from continuing operations $55,000,000
Loss from operations, net of $135,000 tax 315,000
Loss on disposal, net of $81,000 tax 189,000
$54,496,000
Total loss on discontinued operations 504,000
Contoh kasus tsb, kalau disajikan menurut versi IAS sbb.:
Loss for the year from discontinued operations $504,000
Reporting Discontinued Operations
Other revenue (expense):
Interest revenue
Interest expense
Total other
Income before taxes
Income tax expense
Income from continuing operations
Discontinued operations:
Loss from operations, net of tax
Loss on disposal, net of tax
Total loss on discontinued operations
Net income
Income Statement
Sales
Cost of goods sold
Discontinued Operations Discontinued Operations are reported after are reported after “Income from continuing “Income from continuing operations.”operations.”
Previously labeled as “Net Income”.
Moved to
Reporting Discontinued Operations
Other revenue (expense):
Interest revenue 17,000
Interest expense (21,000)
Total other (4,000)
Income before taxes 79,000
Income tax expense 24,000
Income from continuing operations 55,000
Discontinued operations:
Loss from operations, net of tax 315
Loss on disposal, net of tax 189
Total loss on discontinued operations 504
Net income 54,496$
Income Statement (in thousands)
285,000$
Cost of goods sold 149,000
Indikator bisnis yg penting
Mengukur uang yang dihasilkan oleh tiap lembar
saham biasa
Diungkapkan dalam Statement of comprehensive
income
Earnings Per Share
Calculation
EPS =Net income - Preferred dividends
Weighted average number of shares outstanding
Indikator bisnis yg penting
Mengukur uang yang dihasilkan oleh tiap lembar
Diungkapkan dalam Statement of comprehensive
Preferred dividends
Weighted average number of shares outstanding
Tahun 2007, PT Kirby melaporkan laba bersih Rp
Dibayarkan dividen saham preferen Rp250 juta. Rata
jumlah saham biasa yang beredar 190
nya!
Earnings Per Share
EPS =1.200.000.000 - 250.000.000
190.000.000
EPS =Net income - Preferred dividends
Weighted average number of shares outstanding
melaporkan laba bersih Rp1,2 M.
Dibayarkan dividen saham preferen Rp250 juta. Rata-rata
190 juta. Hitunglah EPS-
250.000.000= Rp5 per lb
Preferred dividends
Weighted average number of shares outstanding
Expense
• When items of income or expense are material, an entity shall disclose their nature and amount separately
• Circumstances that would give rise to the separate disclosure of items of income and expense include:
– write-downs of inventories to net realisable
plant and equipment to recoverable amount, as well as reversals of
such write-downs;
– restructurings of the activities of an entity and reversals of any
provisions for the costs of restructuring;
– disposals of items of property, plant and equipment;
– disposals of investments;
– discontinued operations;
– litigation settlements; and
– other reversals of provisions.
When items of income or expense are material, an nature and amount
Circumstances that would give rise to the separate and expense include:
realisable value or of property,
equipment to recoverable amount, as well as reversals of
restructurings of the activities of an entity and reversals of any
for the costs of restructuring;
disposals of items of property, plant and equipment;
Analisis Expense – Nature
• Penyajian expense sesuai sifatnya
pembelian material, biaya transportasi, biaya pensium, dan
biaya iklan). Metode ini simpel karena tdk ada alokasi biaya
ke fungsi-fungsi. Contoh sajian expense dg “nature
method” sbb.:
Nature
Penyajian expense sesuai sifatnya (misal penyusutan,
pembelian material, biaya transportasi, biaya pensium, dan
karena tdk ada alokasi biaya
fungsi. Contoh sajian expense dg “nature-expense
Analisis Expense – Function
• Metode “function of expense” atau “
mengklasifikasikan biaya ke fungsinya sbg bagian dari biaya
penjualan, biaya distribusi, biaya administrasi. Tampaknya
ini lebih relevan bagi pengambilan keputusan para manajer.
Contoh sajiannya sbb.:
Function
” atau “cost of sales”
mengklasifikasikan biaya ke fungsinya sbg bagian dari biaya
penjualan, biaya distribusi, biaya administrasi. Tampaknya
bagi pengambilan keputusan para manajer.
Statement of Changes in Equity
Components:
• total comprehensive income for the period
separately the total amounts attributable to owners of the
parent and to non-controlling interests;
• for each component of equity, the effects of retrospective
application or retrospective restatement
• for each component of equity, a reconciliation between the
carrying amount at the beginning and the end of the period
separately disclosing changes resulting from:– (i) profit or loss;
– (ii) each item of other comprehensive income; and
– (iii) transactions with owners in their capacity as owners, showing
separately contributions by and distributions to owners and changes
ownership interests in subsidiaries that do not result in a loss of
Statement of Changes in Equity
total comprehensive income for the period, showing
amounts attributable to owners of the
interests;
the effects of retrospective
retrospective restatement
for each component of equity, a reconciliation between the
amount at the beginning and the end of the period,
changes resulting from:
(ii) each item of other comprehensive income; and
(iii) transactions with owners in their capacity as owners, showing
separately contributions by and distributions to owners and changes in
ownership interests in subsidiaries that do not result in a loss of control.
STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
Share Capital
Balance at 1 Jan. 2006 600.000
Changes in accounting policy -
Restated balance 600.000
Changes in equity for 2006:
Dividends -
Total comprehensive income -
Balance at 31 Dec. 2006 600.000
Changes in equity for 2007:
Issue of share capital 50.000 -
Dividens -
Total comprehensive income -
Transfer to R/E -
Balance at 31 Dec. 2007 650.000
Retained
Earnings
AFS Fin.
Assets
Revaluation
Surplus Total
118.100 1.600 - 719.700
400 - - 400
118.500 1.600 - 720.100
-
(10.000) - - (10.000)
53.200 16.000 1.600 70.800
161.700 17.600 1.600 780.900
-
- - 50.000
(15.000) - - (15.000)
96.600 (14.400) 800 83.000
200 - (200) -
243.500 3.200 2.200 898.900
TugasTugas
Tersedia data 2008: pajak atas laba operasi berjalan Rp187 juta,
pajak atas rugi pelepasan operasi Rp25,5 juta, laba tidak
terealisasi atas sekuitas AFS Rp17 juta (minus pajak Rp2 juta).
Item lainnya sebagai berikut:
Extraordinary gain Rp 95 juta
Loss on discontinued operations 75 juta
Administrative expenses 240 juta
Rent revenue 40 juta
Cash dividends declared 80 juta
Diminta:
1. Sajikan pelaporan income dg metode terpisah (two
2. Sajikan Retained earnings statement
Tersedia data 2008: pajak atas laba operasi berjalan Rp187 juta,
pajak atas rugi pelepasan operasi Rp25,5 juta, laba tidak
terealisasi atas sekuitas AFS Rp17 juta (minus pajak Rp2 juta).
Rp 95 juta Retained earnings, 1 Jan. 2008 Rp 600 juta
75 juta Cogs 850 juta
240 juta Selling expenses 300 juta
40 juta Sales 1.900 juta
80 juta Shares outstanding 100.000
Sajikan pelaporan income dg metode terpisah (two-statement)
earnings statement