STATE OF THE STRUCTURES AND BRIDGES REPORT Department of Transportation State of the Structures and Bridges Report . Executive Summary . The Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT)

STATE OF THE STRUCTURES AND BRIDGES REPORT

JANUARY 2009

Prepared by: Virginia Department of Transportation Structure & Bridge Division

Comments and or questions may be directed to: Kendal Walus, P.E.

State Structure and Bridge Engineer Virginia Department of Transportation

1401 East Broad Street, Richmond, VA 23219 Telephone: (804) 786-4575 Email: [email protected]

Virginia Department of Transportation State of the Structures and Bridges Report

Executive Summary

The Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) is responsible for the inventory, inspection, maintenance, and improvement of 20,879 structures (bridges and culverts) across all of the commonwealth’s roadway systems. Of this inventory 19,362 structures are maintained by VDOT and 1,517 are maintained by localities and private owners. The total represents a net increase of 48 structures from fiscal year 2008.

VDOT inspects over 10,000 structures annually at an approximate cost of $16 million annually for safety inspection services.

The number of structurally deficient structures in the VDOT inventory is 1,730 (8.3%). This represents a 0.1% decrease from fiscal year 2008. The national average of structurally deficient structures is twelve (12%) percent. Structurally deficient bridges are those structures with deficient elements that require the structure to be monitored and/or repaired and has either been restricted to light weight vehicles or have been closed to traffic.

The number of functionally obsolete structures in the VDOT inventory is 3,096 (14.8%).

This represents a 0.0% increase from fiscal year 2008. The national average of functionally obsolete structures is thirteen (13%) percent. Functionally obsolete bridges are those with deck geometry (e.g., lane width), load carrying capacity, clearance, or approach roadway alignment that no longer meet the criteria for the system of which the bridge is a part.

The combined deficient (structurally deficient and functional obsolete) structures in the VDOT inventory is 4,826 (23.1%). This represents a 0.1% decrease from fiscal year 2008. The national average of deficient structures is twenty five (25%) percent.

The number of weight posted structures in the inventory is 1,506 (7.2%). This value is the

same as in fiscal year 2008.

The current performance measure for structurally deficient structures is eight (8%) percent of the structure inventory. Currently, VDOT’s structurally deficient percentage is eight point three (8.3%) percent. This represents a 0.1% decrease from fiscal year 2008.

The design service life of a bridge has been 50 years, but with the evolution of new design guidelines and construction materials the anticipated service life for newly constructed bridges is 75 years. Fifty-five (55%) percent of the structure inventory is approaching the end of its anticipated service design life.

Page 2 of 42


Background

The Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) is responsible for the inventory, inspection, maintenance, and improvement of 20,879 structures (bridges and culverts) across all of the commonwealth’s roadway systems. Of this inventory 19,362 structures are maintained by VDOT and 1,517 are maintained by localities and private owners. The total represents a net increase of 48 structures from fiscal year 2008. The 2008 estimated value of Virginia’s structure inventory is approximately $33 billion.

Chart 1. Distribution of Structures by System

3,002

5,08211,514

1,18398

Primary Secondary Urban OtherInterstate

Determining Bridge Conditions

VDOT is responsible for the bridge inspection and maintenance program including designing and managing the bridge maintenance, rehabilitation and replacement work.

The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) requires VDOT to inventory and inspect all structures with lengths greater than twenty (20) feet. In addition, VDOT inventories and inspects all bridges regardless of their length and culverts having an opening of 36 square feet or greater.

Page 3 of 42


Inspection procedures and requirements are detailed in the National Bridge Inspection Standards (NBIS) of the Code of Federal Regulations and in the latest (VDOT) Informational & Instructional Memorandum dealing with bridge inspection.

Bridges are inspected at a minimum once every two years. The condition assessments of the structures are performed by qualified inspectors, and all assessments are performed in accordance with the NBIS, and VDOT’s policies and procedures.

In addition to the NBIS data, VDOT collects detailed structural element data which is used in the development of its’ Bridge Management System (BMS). The BMS information is used to determine current and future maintenance and preservation needs of the structures. Tables 1 through 3 show the distribution of structures in each of the Districts by system.

Table 1 - Number of Structures (Bridges and Culverts)

No. of Structures (Bridges and Culverts) DISTRICT

Interstate Primary Secondary Urban Other(1) Total Bristol 258 895 2,007 117 0 3,277 Salem 275 729 1,890 161 2 3,057

Lynchburg 0 600 1,413 118 0 2,131 Richmond 719 690 1,096 112 26 2,643

Hampton Roads 533 268 469 432 2 1,704 Fredericksburg 106 239 447 12 3 807

Culpeper 147 483 1,025 31 6 1,692 Staunton 529 758 2,071 139 0 3,497 NOVA 431 420 1,096 61 59 2,071 Total 3,002 5,082 11,514 1,183 98 20,879

(1) Denotes structures owned by private or other government agencies, such as the Richmond Metropolitan Authority, the Pocahontas Parkway, Dulles-Greenway, Department of Game and Inland Fisheries (State Park) and a few bridges on university properties.

Page 4 of 42


Table 2 - Number of Bridges by District

Number of Bridges

DISTRICT Interstate Primary Secondary Urban Other(1) Total

Bristol 166 511 1,531 87 0 2,295 Salem 162 416 1,329 122 1 2,033

Lynchburg 0 315 801 86 0 1,202 Richmond 452 413 581 70 15 1,531

Hampton Roads 398 181 276 330 1 1,186 Fredericksburg 48 128 190 12 3 381

Culpeper 94 241 651 16 3 1,005 Staunton 302 456 1,380 88 0 2,226 NOVA 305 246 439 25 38 1,053 Total 1,927 2,907 7,181 836 61 12,912

Table 3 - Number of Culverts by District Number of Culverts

DISTRICT Interstate Primary Secondary Urban Other(1) Total

Bristol 92 384 476 30 0 982 Salem 113 313 558 39 1 1,024

Lynchburg 0 285 612 32 0 929 Richmond 267 277 515 42 11 1,112

Hampton Roads 135 87 193 102 1 518 Fredericksburg 58 111 257 0 0 426

Culpeper 53 242 374 15 3 687 Staunton 227 302 691 51 0 1,271 NOVA 130 174 657 36 21 1,018 Total 1,075 2,175 4,333 347 37 7,967

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It is important to note that 55% of the statewide structure inventory is approaching the

end of its anticipated service design life. 58% of the interstate, 62% of the primary, 53% of the secondary, and 41% of the urban system structures are approaching 50 years old.

Chart 2 - Cumulative Age Distribution of Structures

100.0%

93.2%

82.1%

71.8%

55.1%

34.5%

26.2%22.1%

3.3%0.8% 0.3% 0.1%

0.0%

20.0%

40.0%

60.0%

80.0%

100.0%

120.0%

2000-2008

1990-1999

1980-1989

1970-1979

1960-1969

1950-1959

1940-1949

1930-1939

1920-1929

1910-1919

1900-1909

pre-1900

Per

cen

t

55% of inventory is 40 years or older

The anticipated design service life of a bridge has been 50 years, but with the evolution of new design guidelines and construction materials the anticipated service life for newly constructed bridges is 75 years.

Page 6 of 42


Measuring Performance

VDOT’s system performance measure for Structures is based on the number of structurally deficient structures in the Department’s inventory. A Structurally Deficient (SD) structure has a general condition rating of poor (general condition rating of 4 or less) or worse for one or more of the following structural elements: deck, superstructure, substructure or culvert, or has an appraisal rating of two (2) or less for the structural condition or waterway adequacy. These deficient structural elements require the structure to be monitored and/or repaired and has either been restricted to light weight vehicles or have been closed to traffic. Appendix A provides definitions of the general condition ratings.

VDOT’s current goal is to have no more than eight (8%) percent SD structures statewide.

Currently, eight point three (8.3%) percent (1,730) of the inventory is rated as structurally deficient. Charts 3 through 12 show the current percent of structurally deficient structures by District for each roadway classification, and a three year trend for each roadway system.

Appendix C shows the National trend of deficient structures from 2000 to 2007.

Page 7 of 42


Chart 3 - Percent of Structurally Deficient Structures

Systemwide

12.0%

10.8%

9.4%

7.8%

3.9%

8.2%

7.2%

8.5%

2.4%

8.3%

0.0%

2.0%

4.0%

6.0%

8.0%

10.0%

12.0%

14.0%

Bristo

l

Salem

Lync

hbur

g

Richm

ond

Hampt

on R

oads

Frede

ricks

burg

Culpe

per

Staun

ton

NOVA

State

wide

% S

tru

ctu

rally

Defi

cie

nt

No

. of

SD

= 1

,730

No

. of

SD

= 2

97

No

. of

SD

= 3

93

No

. of

SD

= 1

21

No

. of

SD

= 2

01

No

. of

SD

= 3

29

No

. of

SD

= 2

07

No

. o

f S

D =

66

No

. o

f S

D

= 6

7

No

. o

f S

D =

49

Chart 4 - Percent of SD Structures – Systemwide Three Year Trend

8.4% 8.4%

8.3%

8.0%

8.1%

8.2%

8.3%

8.4%

8.5%

FY 2007 FY 2008 Current FY

% D

efic

ien

t%

Str

uctu

rally

Def

icie

nt

SD

= 1

,747

SD

= 1

,753

SD

= 1

,730

Page 8 of 42

N

No

.=

67

No

. o

f S

D =

4


Chart 5 - Percent of Structurally Deficient Structures – Interstate

5.8%5.5%

0.0%

4.2%

0.9%

4.7%

0.7%

1.5% 1.4%

2.8%

0.0%

2.0%

4.0%

6.0%

8.0%

Bristol

Salem

Lync

hbur

g

Richmon

d

Hampt

on R

oads

Fred

erick

sbur

g

Culpe

per

Staun

ton

NOVA

Statewid

e

% S

tructu

rally D

eficie

nt

No.

of

SD

= 5

No.

of

SD

= 1

No

. of

SD

= 3

93

No

. o

f S

D =

15

No

. o

f S

D =

15

No

. o

f S

D =

30

No

. o

f S

D =

85

No

. o

f S

D =

6

No

. o

f S

D =

8

Chart 6 – Percent of SD Structures – Interstate Three Year Trend

3.0%

2.9%

2.8%

2.5%

2.6%

2.7%

2.8%

2.9%

3.0%

3.1%

3.2%


% D

efic

ien

t%

Str

uctu

rally

Def

icie

nt

SD

= 9

0

SD

= 8

7

SD

= 8

5

Page 9 of 42


Chart 7 - Percent of Structurally Deficient Structures – Primary

7.8%

5.8%

4.5%

6.5%

5.2%

7.1%

2.5%

5.7%

2.4%

5.5%

0.0%

3.0%

6.0%

9.0%

Bristo

l

Salem

Lync

hbur

g

Richm

ond

Hampt

on R

oads

Fred

erick

sbur

g

Culpe

per

Staun

ton

NOVA

State

wide

% S

tru

ctu

rally

Def

icie

nt

No

. o

f S

D =

42

No

. of

SD

= 2

80

No

. o

f S

D =

70

No

. o

f S

D =

27

No

. o

f S

D =

45

No

. o

f S

D =

14

No

. o

f S

D =

17

No

. o

f S

D =

43

No

. o

f S

D =

12

No

. o

f S

D =

10

Chart 8 – Percent of SD Structures – Primary Three Year Trend

5.8%

5.7%

5.5%

5.0%

5.1%

5.2%

5.3%

5.4%

5.5%

5.6%

5.7%

5.8%

5.9%

6.0%


% D

efic

ien

t%

Str

uctu

rally

Def

icie

nt

SD

= 2

97

SD

= 2

92

SD

= 2

81

Page 10 of 42


Chart 9 - Percent of Structurally Deficient Structures – Secondary

14.2% 13.9%

11.6%11.1%

4.1%

8.9%

10.0%

11.5%

3.0%

11.0%

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

Bristol

Salem

Lync

hbur

g

Richmon

d

Hampt

on R

oads

Fred

erick

sbur

g

Culpe

per

Staun

ton

NOVA

State

wide

% S

tructu

rallu D

eficie

nt

No

. of

SD

= 1

,264

No

. of

SD

= 1

03

No

. of

SD

= 2

37

No

. of

SD

= 2

62

No

. of

SD

= 1

22

No

. of

SD

= 2

84

No

. of

SD

= 1

64

No

. o

f S

D =

40

No

. o

f S

D =

19

No

. o

f S

D =

33

Chart 10 – Percent of SD Structures – Secondary

Three Year Trend

11.0%11.1%

11.0%

10.0%

10.2%

10.4%

10.6%

10.8%

11.0%

11.2%

11.4%


% D

efic

ien

t%

Str

uctu

rally

Def

icie

nt

SD

= 1

,258

SD

= 1

,275

SD

= 1

,264

Page 11 of 42


Chart 11 - Percent of Structurally Deficient Structures – Urban

20.5%

5.6%

8.5% 8.9%

6.7%

33.3%

12.9%

6.6%

0.0%

8.4%

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

35.0%

Bristo

l

Salem

Lync

hbur

g

Richm

ond

Hampt

on R

oads

Frede

ricks

burg

Culpep

er

Staun

ton

NOVA

State

wide

% S

tru

ctu

rall

y D

efi

cie

nt

No

. o

f S

D =

24

No

. o

f S

D =

4

No

. o

f S

D =

4

No

. o

f S

D =

10

No

. o

f S

D =

29

No

. o

f S

D =

10

No

. o

f S

D =

99

No

. o

f S

D =

9

No

. o

f S

D =

9

Chart 12 – Percent of SD Structures – Urban Three Year Trend

8.3%

8.4%8.4%

8.0%

8.1%

8.2%

8.3%

8.4%

8.5%

8.6%


% D

efic

ient

% S

truc

tura

lly D

efic

ient

SD

= 1

01

SD

= 9

9

SD

= 9

8

Page 12 of 42


Systemwide – 2008 Structurally Deficient Structures

Number of SD Structures = 1,730 Square foot area of SD Structures = 5,787,623 - Denotes SD Structure

Page 13 of 42


Bristol District – 2008 Structurally Deficient Structures

Number of SD Structures = 393 Square foot area of SD Structures = 741,059

- Denotes SD Structure

Page 14 of 42


Salem District – 2008 Structurally Deficient Structures



Page 15 of 42


Lynchburg District – 2008 Structurally Deficient Structures



Page 16 of 42


Richmond District – 2008 Structurally Deficient Structures

Number of SD Structures = 207 Square foot area of SD Structures = 1,363,774


Page 17 of 42


Hampton Roads District – 2008 Structurally Deficient Structures



Page 18 of 42


Fredericksburg District – 2008 Structurally Deficient Structures



Page 19 of 42


Culpeper District – 2008 Structurally Deficient Structures



Page 20 of 42


Staunton District – 2008 Structurally Deficient Structures



Page 21 of 42


NOVA District – 2008 Structurally Deficient Structures



Page 22 of 42


Other performance indicators that are used by VDOT in the overall management of the structural inventory include:

Functionally Obsolete (FO) - An FO structure is one that has an appraisal rating of three (3) or worse for the deck geometry, under clearance, approach roadway alignment, structural condition or waterway adequacy. A FO designation means that the structure was built to standards (deck geometry, load carrying capacity, clearances, or approach roadway alignment) that are less conservative than those used today.

Combining Structurally Deficient and Functionally Obsolete - According to the

Federal Highway Administration a structure is deemed “deficient” if the structure is rated either SD or FO. A deficient structure may not be both SD and FO…. It's one or the other. FHWA uses the combined deficient designation in the allocation of bridge funding per State.

Weight Posted - A weight posted structure is one that has a rated load carrying capacity

less than the Virginia designated legal loads. Virginia legal loads are as follows:

o 27 Tons for a single unit o 40 Tons for semi-trailers

Charts 13 through 32 show a three year trend for the above-mentioned measures. In addition, Appendix D shows the 2008 performance measures based on the square footage area of the structures.

Page 23 of 42


Functionally Obsolete Measure (Charts 13 – 17)

A functionally obsolete structure is one that has an appraisal rating of three (3) or worse for the deck geometry, under clearance, approach roadway alignment, structural condition or waterway adequacy. A FO designation means that the structure was built to standards (deck geometry, load carrying capacity, clearances, or approach roadway alignment) that are less conservative than those used today.

Chart 13 – Percent of FO Structures – Systemwide Three Year Trend

14.9%

14.8% 14.8%

14.6%

14.7%

14.8%

14.9%

15.0%


% D

efic

ient

% F

unct

iona

lly O

bsol

ete

FO

= 3

,094

FO

= 3

,083

FO

= 3

,096

Page 24 of 42


Chart 14 – Percent of FO Structures – Interstate Chart 15 – Percent of FO Structures – Primary

Three Year Trend Three Year Trend

% F

unct

iona

lly O

bsol

ete

12.1%

12.2%

12.1%

11.7%

11.8%

11.9%

12.0%

12.1%

12.2%

12.3%


% D

efic

ient

13.3%

13.4% 13.4%

13.2%

13.3%

13.4%

13.5%


% D

efic

ient

F

O =

367

FO

= 3

64

Chart 16 – Percent of FO Structures – Secondary Chart 17 – Percent of FO Structures – Urban


% F

unct

iona

lly O

bsol

ete

15.7%

15.6%

15.7%

15.0%

15.2%

15.4%

15.6%

15.8%

16.0%


% D

efic

ient

20.3%

20.6%

20.3%

20.0%

20.2%

20.4%

20.6%

20.8%


% D

efic

ient

FO

= 3

64

FO

= 1

,803

FO

= 3

64

FO

= 1

,785

FO

= 3

64

Page 25 of 42


Structurally Deficient or Functionally Obsolete Measure (Charts 18 - 22)

Combining Structurally Deficient and Functionally Obsolete - According to the Federal Highway Administration a structure is deemed “deficient” if the structure is rated either SD or FO. A deficient structure may not be both SD and FO…. It's one or the other. FHWA uses the combined deficient designation in the allocation of bridge funding per State.

FO

= 2

43

Chart 18 – Percent of SD or FO Structures – Systemwide Three Year Trend

23.2% 23.2%

23.1%

22.8%

23.0%

23.2%

23.4%


ent

% D

efic

i%

SD

or

FO

SD

or

FO

= 4

,841

SD

or

FO

= 4

,836

SD

or

FO

= 4

,826

Page 26 of 42


Chart 19 – Percent of SD or FO Structures Chart– 20 – Percent of SD or FO Structures Interstate Primary


15.1% 15.1%

15.0%

14.5%

14.7%

14.9%

15.1%

15.3%

15.5%


% D

efic

ient 19.1%

19.2%

18.9%

18.5%

18.7%

18.9%

19.1%

19.3%

19.5%

FY 2007 FY 200

SD or FO

8 Current FY

% D

efic

ient

Chart 21 - Percent of SD or FO Structures Chart 22 - Percent of Structures Secondary Urban


% S

D o

r F

O

SD

or

FO

= 4

49

26.7% 26.7% 26.7%

26.4%

26.5%

26.6%

26.7%

26.8%


% D

efic

ient 28.8%

28.9%

28.7%

28.5%

28.6%

28.7%

28.8%

28.9%

29.0%


% D

efic

ient

% S

D o

r F

O

Page 27 of 42


Page 28 of 42

Weight Posted Structures Measure (Charts 23 – 27)

Weight Posted - A weight posted structure is one that has a rated load carrying capacity less than the Virginia designated legal loads. Virginia legal loads are as follows:

o 27 Tons for a single unit o 40 Tons for semi-trailers

Chart 23 – Percent of Weight Posted Structures – Systemwide Three Year Trend

7.5%

7.3%

7.2%

7.1%

7.2%

7.3%

7.4%

7.5%

7.6%


% D

efic

ient

% W

eigh

t Pos

ted

SD

or

FO

=

339

Po

sted

= 1

,569

Po

sted

= 1

,523

Po

sted

=

1,50

6

\


Page 29 of 42

Chart 24 – Percent of Weight Posted Structures – Chart 25 – Percent of Weight Posted Structures Interstate Primary


1.4% 1.4%

1.5%

1.0%

1.1%

1.2%

1.3%

1.4%

1.5%

1.6%

FY 2007

0.2%

0.1% 0.1%

0.0%

0.

0.

0.

0.

% D

efic

ient

1%

1%

2%

2%

0.3%

FY 2007 2008 Current FY

% W

eigh

t Pos

ted

FY 20FY 08 Current FY

% D

efic

ient

–

hart 26 – Percent of Weight Posted Structures – Chart 27 – Percent of Weight Posted Structures Secondary Urban


C

12.3%

11.9%

11.7%

11.5%

11.6%

11.7%

11.8%

11.9%

12.0%

12.1%

12.2%

12.3%

12.4%

6.8% 6.8%

6.3%

5.0%

5.5%

6.0%

6.5%

7.0%

% D

efic

ient

FY 2007 FY 2008 Current FY FY 2007 FY 2008 Current FY

% D

efic

ient

% W

eigh

t Pos

ted

Po

sted

= 3


Appendix A– General Condition Ratings General Condition Ratings (GCR’s): According to the National Bridge Inventory (NBI), Condition ratings are used to describe the existing, in-place bridge or culvert as compared to the as-built condition. Evaluation is for the materials related, physical condition of the deck, superstructure and substructure components of a bridge. GCR’s is a numerical system that ranges from 0 (failed condition) to 9 (excellent condition). The following general condition ratings are used as a guide in evaluating bridge decks, bridge superstructures, bridge substructures, and culverts.

Code Description N NOT APPLICABLE 9 EXCELLENT CONDITION 8 VERY GOOD CONDITION

No problems noted. 7 GOOD CONDITION

6 SATISFAStr

5 FAIR CONDITION All primary structural elements are sound but may have some minor section loss, cracking, spalling or scour

4 POOR CONDITION Advanced section loss, deterioration, spalling or scour.

3 SERIOUS CONDITION Loss of section, deterioration, spalling or scour have seriously affected primary structural components. Local failures are possible. Fatigue cracks in steel or shear cracks in concrete may be present.

2 CRITICAL CONDITION Advanced deterioration of primary structural elements. Fatigue cracks in steel or shear cracks in concrete may be present or scour may have removed substructure support. Unless closely monitored it may be necessary to close the bridge until corrective action is taken.

1 "IMMINENT" FAILURE CONDITION Major deterioration or section loss present in critical structural components or obvious vertical or horizontal movem nt affecting structure stability. Bridge is closed to traffic but corrective action may put back in light service.

0 FAILED CONDITION Out of service - beyond corrective action.

Some minor problems. CTORY CONDITION

uctural elements show some minor deterioration.

e

Page 30 of 42


or the evaluation of a structure’s safety and for decisions on planning, budgeting, and erforming of maintenance, repair, rehabilitation and replacement of our structures. Since 1991,

the Structure and Bridge Division (S&B) has had in place a policy for the quality control and quality uran afety inspection program. In January 2005, the NBIS portion of the de o amended to require each state to “Assure systematic quality ntrol dures are used to maintain a high degree of accuracy and co stenc rogram. Include periodic field review of inspection teams, periodi ridg training for Program Managers and Team Leaders, and indepen nt re omputations.”

e NB plete the FHWA - Nati ridges’ within the first five (5) years of employment in bridge inspection. In addition to this require nt, V nspection personnel to successfully complete the NHI course ‘Bridge Inspec DOT requires the underwater inspect to fu ments as set forth in the VDOT ‘Dive Safety Manual’.

Both th d validate inspect rep es found during field and office reviews perform by b report and shared wit

It is im s’ are shared throughout the state. It is also important to correct accur a misunderstanding or misapplication of a policy/procedu Office review VDOT spect ate cost of $16 million annually for safety inspe

Appendix B– Quality Assurance Program

The accuracy, thoroughness and completeness of the bridge safety inspections are essential fp

ass ce of the structure sCo f Federal Regulations was co and quality assurance procensic b

y in the inspection pe inspection refresher

de view of inspection reports and c

Th IS requires Program Managers and Team Leaders to successfully comonal Highway Institute (NHI) course ‘Safety Inspection of In-Service B

me DOT S&B requires ition Refresher Training’ every three (3) years. V

ors lfill the training require

e Central Office and the Districts have a responsibility to review an. Discrepanciion

edorts and inventory dataoth District and Central Office personnel shall be documented in a written

h all parties involved.

portant that ‘best practice in acies that are discovered that indicate

re. Each year a summary report is compiled of the findings of the Centraland sent to all Districts by March of the following year.

in s over 10,000 structures annually at an approximction services.

Page 31 of 42



Page 32 of 42

s

Appendix C– National Performance Trend

Chart C.1 - Comparing Virginia's SD Structures to the NationalAverage

8.0%

10.0%

12.0%

14.0%

16.0%

% S

tru

ctu

rall

y D

efic

ien

t

6.0%

0.0%

2.0%

4.0%

National 12.1% 12.4% 12.8% 13.1% 13.5% 13.8% 14.2% 14.8%

VA 9.0% 9.0% 9.0% 9.0% 8.9% 9.1% 9.6% 9.7%

2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

National VA

Chart C.2 - Comparing Virginia's FO Structures to the NationalAverage

0.0%

2.0%

4.0%

6.0%

8.0%

10.0%

% F

un

ctio

nal

ly O

bso

lete

18.0%

20.0%

16.0%

12.0%

14.0%

National 13.3% 13.4% 13.5% 13.6% 13.7% 13.8% 13.8% 13.8%

VA 16.7% 16.6% 16.6% 16.4% 17.2% 17.4% 17.5% 18.0%

2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

National VA

Page 32 of 42


Page 33 of 42

Chart C.3 - Comparing Virginia's Deficient (SD and FO) to the

27.5%

28.0%

28.5%

De

National Average

29.0%

27.0%

fici

ent

26.5%

26.0%

25.5%

25.0%

24.5%

24.0%

23.5%

National 25.4% 25.8% 26.3% 2 27 27.6% 28.0% 28.5%6.7% .2%

VA 25.7% 25.6% 25.6% 25.4% 26.1% 26.4% 27.1% 27.7%

2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

National VA


Appendix D– Square Foot Area of Structures D.1 – Square Foot Area of Structure

Sq-Ft Area of Structures (Bridges and Culverts)

s System wide

DIST T Interstate Primary Secondary Urban Other Total

RIC

Bristol 2,072,910 3,742,642 2,402,541 376,452 0 8,594,545 Salem 2,078,123 3,664,472 2,778,789 1,174,548 2,969 9,698,902

Lynchburg 0 3,748,581 2,599,295 1,074,660 0 7,422,536 Richmond 8,881,967 6,274,547 2,551,077 1,966,241 1,116,202 20,790,035

Hampt oads 12,275,642 10,096,253 861,112 5,644,380 12,617 28,890,004 on RFreder 1,010,359 2,594,839 848,832 115,074 10,145 4,579,250 icksburg

Culpeper 1,345,510 1,664,418 1,515,010 180,419 5,386 4,710,743 Staunton 4,177,010 2,767,075 2,581,724 656,659 0 10,182,468 NOVA 7,055,406 3,451,340 5,355,812 573,125 562,278 16,997,962

Statewide 38,896,927 38,004,168 21,494,194 11,761,559 1,709,598 111,866,445

Square Foot Area of Structures Systemwide

0

5,000,000

10,000,000

15,000,000

20,000,000

25,000,000

30,000,000

35,000,000

Bristol

Salem

Lynch

burg

Richmon

d

Hampt

on R

oads

Freder

icksb

urg

Culpe

per

Staunto

n

NOVA

Sq

uar

e F

oot

Are

a

Page 34 of 42


nt Structures Systemwide D.2 – Square Foot Area of Structurally Deficie

Sq-Ft Area of Structurally Deficient Structures DISTRICT

Interstate Primary Secondary Urban Other Total

Bristol 111,244 741,059 319,162 250,747 59,906 0

Salem 2 55 677,645 198,118 159,670 271,60 48,2 0

Lynchburg 3 65 0 209,656 176,95 91,2 0 477,875

Richmond 9 3 542,108 541,054 168,09 112,51 0 1,363,774

Hampton Roads 35 05 2 4 0,8 129,515 31,39 461,49 0 973,206

Fr g 4 3edericksbur 53,358 368,745 55,09 30,47 0 507,670

Culpeper 20,280 39,816 105,992 7 44,05 456 210,600

Staunton 87,276 178,116 32 60 221,2 64,1 0 550,784

NOVA 122,047 114,124 0 48,84 0 0 285,011

Statewide 1,485,235 2,059,859 50 23 1,329,9 912,1 456 5,787,623

Square Foot Area of SD Structures Systemwide

0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

1,400,000

1,600,000

Bristol

Salem

Lynch

burg

Richm

ond

Hampt

on R

oads

Frederi

cksb

urg

Culpe

per

Staunto

n

NOVA

Sq

-Ft

Str

uct

ura

lly

Def

icie

nt

Page 35 of 42


stemwide

Perce ures

D.3 – Percent of Square Foot Area of Structurally Deficient Structures Sy

nt of Sq-Ft Area of Structurally Deficient StructDISTRICT Interstate Primary y n er l Secondar Urba Oth Tota

Bristol 5.4% 8.5% 10.4% % .0% 15.9 0 8.6%

Salem 9.5% 4.4% 9.8% .0% 4.1% 0 7.0%

Lynchburg 0 .0% .0% 5.6% 6.8% 8.5% 0 6.4%

Richmond 6.1% 8.6% 6.6% .0% 5.7% 0 6.6%

Hampton Roads 2.9% 1.3% 3.6% .0% 8.2% 0 3.4%

Fredericksburg 5.3% 14.2% 6.5% % .0% 26.5 0 11.1%

Culpeper 1.5% 2.4% 7.0% % 5% 24.4 8. 4.5%

Staunton 2.1% 6.4% 8.6% .0% 9.8% 0 5.4%

NOVA 1.7% 3.3% 0.9% .0% .0% 0 0 1.7%

Statewide 3.8% 5.4% 6.2% 7.8% 0% 0. 5.2%

Percent of Square Foot Area of Structurally Deficient Structures

8.6%

7.0%

6.4% 6.6%

3.4%

11.1%

4.5%

5.4%

1.7%

5.2%

0.0%

2.0%

4.0%

6.0%

8.0%

10.0%

12.0%

Bristol

Salem

Lynch

burg

Richmon

d

Hampt

on R

oads

Freder

icksb

urg

Culpe

per

Staunto

n

NOVA

Statew

ide

% S

q-F

t S

tru

ctu

rall

y D

efic

ien

t

SD

Are

a =

741

,059

SD A

rea

= 6

77,6

45

SD A

rea

= 4

77,8

75

SD A

rea

= 1

,363

,774

SD A

rea

= 9

73,2

06

SD

Are

a =

507

,670

SD A

rea

= 2

10,6

00

SD A

rea

= 5

50,7

84

SD A

rea

= 2

85,0

11

SD

Are

a =

5,7

87,6

23

Page 36 of 42


D.4 – Square Foot Area of Functionally Obsolete Structures Systemwide

Sq-Ft Area of Functionally Obsolete Structures DISTRICT

I Pr Seco rba th Total nterstate imary ndary U n O er

Bristol 267,154 366,664 251,856 51,132 0 936,806

Salem 341,068 555,361 467,793 366,439 0 ,731 0,662

Lynchburg 0 318 187,619 377,049 0 883,725 ,393

Richmond 688,435 1,122,186 249,999 520,585 0 ,582 1,205

Hampton Roads 2,232,768 2,383,049 112,69 1,026,311 0 ,757 5 4,824

Fredericksburg 61,028 506,266 56,390 0 0 623,684

Culpeper 71,356 102,732 201,914 43,341 0 419,343

Staunton 326,819 467,884 274,121 111,269 0 ,181 0,093

NOVA 1,220,694 379,378 463,893 85,48 ,161 17,625 2 7,072

Statewide 5,2 6,202,245 2,266,283 2,581,607 6,2709,321 17,625 1 7,080

Square Foot Area of Functionally Obsolete Structures Systemwide

0

1,000,000

2,000,000

3,000,000

4,000,000

5,000,000

6,000,000

7,000,000

Bristol

Salem

Lynch

burg

Richmon

d

Hampt

on R

oads

Freder

icksb

urg

Culpe

per

Staunto

n

NOVA

Sq-F

t F

unct

ion

ally

Obs

olet

e

Page 37 of 42


stem wide

Perce ures

D.5 – Percent of Square Foot Area of Functionally Obsolete Structures Sy

nt of Sq-Ft Area of Functionally Obsolete StructDISTRICT

Interstate y ary ban er l Primar Second Ur Oth Tota

Bristol 12.9% 9.8% % .6% 0.0% 10.5 13 10.9%

Salem 16.4% 15.2% % 2% 0.0%16.8 31. 17.8%

Lynchburg 0 % % 1% 0.0% .0 8.5% 7.2 35. 11.9%

Richmond 7.8% 17.9% % 5% 0.0%9.8 26. 12.4%

Hampton Roads 18.2% 23.6% % % 0.0%13.1 18.2 19.9%

Fredericksburg 6.0% 19.5% % 0.0% 6.6 0.0% 13.6%

Culpeper 5.3% 6.2% % 0% 0.0%13.3 24. 8.9%

Staunton 7.8% 16.9% % 9% %10.6 16. 0.0 11.6%

NOVA 17.3% 11.0% % %8.7% 14.9 3.1 12.7%

Statewide 13.4% 16.3% % % %10.5 21.9 1.0 14.6%

Percent Square Foot Area of Functionally Obsolete Structures Systemwide

10.9%

17.8%

11.9% 12.4%

19.9%

13.6%

8.9%

11.6%12.7%

14.6%

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

Bristol

Salem

Lynch

burg

Richmon

d

Hampt

on R

oads

Freder

icksb

urg

Culpe

per

Staunt

on

NOVA

Statew

ide

% S

q-F

t F

un

ctio

nal

ly O

bso

lete

FO

= 9

36,8

06

FO

= 1

,730

,662

FO

= 8

83,3

93

FO

= 2

,581

,205

FO

= 5

,754

,824

FO

= 6

23,6

84

FO

= 4

19,3

43

FO

= 1

,180

,093

FO

= 2

,167

,072

FO

= 1

6,27

7,08

0

Page 38 of 42


D.6 – Square Foot Area of Deficient (SD or FO) Structures System wide

Sq-Ft Area of Deficient (SD or FO) Structures DISTRICT

I Pr Seco rba th Total nterstate imary ndary U n O er

Bristol 378,398 685,826 502,603 111,037 0 ,671 7,865

Salem 539,186 715,032 739,395 414,694 0 ,402 8,307

Lynchburg 0 528 364,572 468,314 0 ,36,381 1 1,267

Richmond 1,230,543 1,663,240 418,09 633,0 0 ,948 98 3 4,978

Hampton Roads 2,583,572 2,512,564 144,0 1,487, 0 ,7290 804 6 8,030

Fredericksburg 114,386 875,011 111,484 30,473 0 ,131 1,354

Culpeper 91,636 142,548 307,906 87,398 456 629,943

Staunton 414,095 646,000 495,352 175,429 0 1,730,877

NOVA 1,342,741 493,502 512,7 85,48 7,62 ,4533 1 1 5 2 2,083

S tatewide 6,6 8,262,104 3,596,233 3,493,729 8,08 2,094,556 1 1 2 64,703

Sq-Ft Area of Deficient (SD or FO) Structures

0

1,000,000

2,000,000

3,000,000

4,000,000

5,000,000

6,000,000

7,000,000

8,000,000

Bristol

Salem

Lynch

burg

Richmon

d

Hampt

on R

oads

Freder

icksb

urg

Culpe

per

Staunto

n

NOVA

Sq

-Ft

Def

icie

nt

Page 39 of 42


stemwide

Perce ures

D.7 – Percent of Square Foot Area of Deficient (SD or FO) Structures Sy

nt of Sq-Ft Area of Deficient (SD or FO) StructDISTRICT

Interstate y ary ban er l Primar Second Ur Oth Tota

Bristol 18.3% 18.3% % 5% 0.0%20.9 29. 19.5%

Salem 25.9% 19.5% % 3% 0.0%26.6 35. 24.8%

Lynchburg 0 % % 6% 0.0%.0 14.1% 14.0 43. 18.3%

Richmond 13.9% 26.5% % 2% 0.0%16.4 32. 19.0%

Hampton Roads 21.0% 24.9% % % 0.0%16.7 26.4 23.3%

Fredericksburg 11.3% 33.7% % .5% .0%13.1 26 0 24.7%

Culpeper 6.8% 8.6% % 4% .5%20.3 48. 8 13.4%

Staunton 9.9% 23.3% % 7% %19.2 26. 0.0 17.0%

NOVA 19.0% 14.3% % %9.6% 14.9 3.1 14.4%

17.2% 21.7% 16.7% 29.7% 1.1% 19.7% Statewide

Percent of Sq-Ft Area of Deficient (SD or FO)Structures Systemwide

19.5%

24.8%

18.3% 19.0%

23.3%24.7%

13.4%

17.0%

14.4%

19.7%

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

Bristol

Salem

Lynch

burg

Richmon

d

Hampt

on R

oads

Freder

icksb

urg

Culpe

per

Staunt

on

NOVA

Statew

ide

% S

q-F

t D

efic

ien

t

Def

= 1

,677

,865

Def

. =2,

408,

307

Def

.= 1

,361

,267

Def

. = 3

,944

,978

Def

. = 6

,728

,030

Def

. = 1

,131

,354

Def

. = 6

29,9

43

Def

. = 1

,730

,877

Def

. = 2

,452

,083

Def

. = 2

2 ,06

4,70

3

Page 40 of 42


D.8 – Square Foot Area of Weight Posted Structures Systemwide

Sq-Ft Area of Weight Posted Structures DISTRICT

I P Secondary Urban Total nterstate rimary Other

Bristol 6,996 83 229,215 19,713 0 33,184 9,108

Salem 12,811 12,727 269,803 60,062 0 355,403

Lynchburg 0 44 213,407 3,8 0 26,956 59 2,222

Richmond 0 17 147,300 5,0 0 338,417 99 0,815

Hampton Roads 0 16 77,088 158, 0 406,647 399 2,134

Fredericksburg 0 4 28,397 1,4 0 34,468 72 ,337

Culpeper 0 25 114,439 5,0 912 14,721 17 6,089

Staunton 0 99,155 146,928 39,122 0 285,206

NOVA 0 6 19,679 0 0 26,425 ,104

S 1 621,701 1,246,255 292,743 912 2,181,417 tatewide 9,807

Sq-Ft Area of Weight Posted Structures

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

400,000

450,000

Bristol

Salem

Lynch

burg

Richmon

d

Hampt

on R

oads

Freder

icksb

urg

Culpe

per

Staunt

on

NOVA

Sq

-Ft

Pos

ted

Page 41 of 42


Page 42 of 42

stemwide

Perce ures

D.9 – Percent of Square Foot Area of Weight Posted Structures Sy

nt of Sq-Ft Area of Weight Posted StructDISTRICT

Interstate Primary ry an her l Seconda Urb Ot Tota

Bristol 0.3% 2.2% % 0.0% 9.5% 5.2 3.9%

Salem 0.6% 0.3% % 0.0% 9.7% 5.1 3.7%

Lynchburg 0 4% 0.0% .0% 1.2% 8.2% 0. 3.5%

Richmond 0 3% 0.0% .0% 2.8% 5.8% 0. 1.6%

Hampton Roads 0 % % 0.0% .0% 1.7% 9.0 2.8 1.4%

Fredericksburg 0 % 3% 0.0% .0% 0.2% 3.3 1. 0.7%

Culpeper 0 8% 6.9% .0% 1.5% 7.6% 2. 1 3.1%

Staunton 0 % 0.0% .0% 3.6% 5.7% 6.0 2.8%

NOVA 0 % 0.0% 0.0% .0% 0.2% 0.4 0.2%

Statewide 0.1% 1.6% 5.8% % .1%2.5 0 2.0%

Percent Sq-Ft Area of Weight Posted Structures

3.9%

3.7%3.5%

1.6%1.4%

0.7%

3.1%

2.8%

0.2%

2.0%

0.0%

0.5%

1.0%

1.5%

2.0%

2.5%

3.0%

3.5%

4.0%

4.5%

Bristol

Salem

Lynch

burg

Richmon

d

Hampt

on R

oads

Freder

icksb

urg

Culpe

per

Staunto

n

NOVA

Statew

ide

% P

oste

d

Pos

t =

339

,108

Pos

t =

355

,403

Pos

et =

262

,222

Pos

t=33

0,81

5

Pos

t=40

2,13

4

Pos

t=34

,337

Pos

t =

146

,089

Pos

t =

285

,206

Pos

t =

285

,206

Pos

t =

2,1

81,4

17

Documents

STATE OF THE STRUCTURES AND BRIDGES REPORT Department of Transportation State of the Structures and Bridges Report . Executive Summary . The Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT)