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State Customs Committee of Russian FederationState Customs Committee of Russian Federation
Customs control of ferrous and non-ferrous metal scrapChief of Customs control of fissionable and radioactive materials of SCC of RF
N. Kravchenko
Directorate of Special Technique and Automation of Customs Technologies
11/5, Novozavodskaya str., Moscow, 121087, Russia
Tel.: +7 (095) 730-06-19 Fax.: +7 (095) 449-88-62 E-mail: [email protected]
The threat of ITRM at the border can be minimized by the
implementation of two tasks:–To stop the illicit trafficking of fissionable and
radioactive materials across the Russian Federation border;
–To organize thorough check at Customs clearance of fissionable and radioactive materials of the participants of foreign trade activities (export, import, transit, temporary import) for their identification by name and quantity declared in the documents.
The following conceptual principles are used as well for solving these
tasks:•1. Radiation monitoring of all individuals, goods, and
vehicles crossing the Russian Federation customs border;•2. Priority of radiation safety activities over legal activities
aiming to institute criminal proceedings against law transgressors;
•3. Effective control not deteriorating conditions for the participants of foreign trade activities;
•4. Minimization of additional personnel and funds allocation;
•5. Utilization mostly of national technical facilities.
Stages of radiation Customs control
No.stage
Purpose Measurement Methods,instruments
Results
I Detection Gamma, neutron,bremsstrahlung
Remote, stationary Qualitativeevaluation “YES-
NO”II Localization,
dangerevaluation
Gamma, neutron,alpha, beta
Remote (contact),portable
Localization ofsituation of the
radiation source,quantitative
evaluation ofradiation level
III Identification Gamma Contact, withoutopening of packagestationary (portable)
Determination ofisotope
compositionIV Dose
monitoringGamma Contact, portable Personal (group)
equivalent dose
The technical facilities can be listed as follows:
• Detection:
• 1. Stationary remote automatic equipment for detection of the excess in natural gamma-neutron background;
• 2. Portable universal radiometers of alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and neutron radiation;
• Analysis:
• 3. Potable gamma-spectrometers for identification of fissionable and radioactive materials without opening the package;
• 4. Gamma-spectrometers with high-resolution semiconductor detectors for movable customs laboratories;
• Personal:
• 5. Personal dosimeters to provide safety of the personnel;
• 6. Personal protection means.
Algorithm of radiation monitoring at unauthorized transportation of FRM
Site of temporary storage
Inspection area
I stage Detection
II stageEvaluation of radiation danger
III stageLocalization, identification
Automated monitoring (stationary equipment)Inspected by: officer of the checkpoint
«NO»
«YES»
Inspection of goods with portable instruments (radiometers, personal dose monitoring of the personnel)Inspected by: officer of the checkpoint
Composition analysis (spectrometric equipment)Inspected by: officer of the CCFRM service; expert of special organization
ENTRANCE
Presence of radioactive (r/a) radiation
Transfer of goods to competent bodies
EXITCustoms
formalities
Checking of the taken measures for temporary storage of goods
Localization and identification (composition, enrichment)
Determination of the type of radiation and the extent of radiation danger
Approach of implementation TF DR NRM
Border - Detection of minimally possible amounts of NRM with the use of gamma and neutron radiation detectors in accordance with the work technique of check posts.
1. Critical width and height of control zone:
- For transport stationary TF DR NRM – width up to 6 meters, height up to 3.5 meters, carrier speed up to 15 kilometers per hour.
- For pedestrian TF DR NRM – width up to 1.5 meters, height up to 2 meters, object speed up to 5 kilometers per hour.
2. Maximum automation of TF DR NRM control process, reduction of human factor influence on reliability of control.
3. Taking into account the specificity of customs service activities, which is directed to maximum economic benefits for national interests, minimization of the time of control with the use of TF DR NRM along with high reliability of control, obligatory recording of control results, provision and storage of video information about the control object.
- Absence of competent body or specialized services representatives during control with the use of TF DR NRM.
Possibility to implement TF DR NRM in unfavorable climatic conditions (open sites).
Stationary technical facilities for detection and response to illegal trafficking of nuclear and radioactive materials
implemented at borders•Typical national check post and possible places of stationary
TF DR NRM arrangement.
Stationary TF DR NRM are arranged at entrance/exit of check post.
Transport monitor Transport monitor Pedestrian monitor
Examples of placement TF DR NRM
Example of placement of pedestrian TF DR NRM.
Fixed, installed instruments
Hand-held and pocket-typeinstruments
Response to Alarm ActivationОтветные меры при срабатывании системы обнаружения
Alarm (pager, border monitor, intelligence)Сигнал (пейджер, пограничный монитор, данные из отдела
дознания)
VerificationПроверка
False AlarmЛожное
срабатывание
Assess Hazard &Locate Source
Оценка угрозы илокализация
источника
Dangerous Опасный
Activate EmergencyResponse Plan
Приведение в исполнениеплана ответных мер
Notification ProceduresМеры уведомления
Isolate Source Изоляция источника
Confirmed or SuspectedПодтверждено илипредполагается
Safety Procedures Меры безопасности
No DangerОтсутствиеопасности
IdentifySource
Record DetailsЗапись особенностей
Innocent SourceАктивность менее МЗА
StopОкончание процедуры
Seize Materials Задержание источника
In-depth investigation Углубленное обследование
Investigation Report Доклад о проведении обследования
Legal Process Проведение уголовного дознания
Illicit Source Незаконно перевозимый источник
NoОтрицательный
результат
Multi-purpose hand-held devices
Универсальные ручные приборы
MKC-A02-1M, All-in-one Design (Aspect)
•4 modes of operation:– n/g search mode
– n/g dose rate indication
– Gamma spectrometry-isotope identification
– Alpha/beta counting (external detection probe)
•Normal (4 buttons) and expert mode of operation
Detectors: NaI, He-3 (8 at) and external, thin wall, large area ZnS covered plastic szintillator
19%
81%
Detection illicit trafficking of radioactive materials and goods with` a high level of radioactivity (including scrap)
1996-2003
With radiation equipments
other
Prevention of illicit trafficking of radioactive materials and goods with` a high level of radioactivity (including scrap)
Export from RUSSIA21,3%
Import to RUSSIA and transit
78,7%
1. IAEA-TECDOC-1311 Prevention of the inadvertent movement and illicit trafficking of radioactive materials.
2. IAEA-TECDOC-1312 Detection of radioactive materials at borders.
3. IAEA-TECDOC-1313 Response to events involving
the inadvertent movement or illicit trafficking of radioactive materials.
4. The sanitary demands of Russian Ministry of Health.
SCRAP(Tariff classification code: 7204, 7404, 7503,
7602 e.c.t.)
Customs control of cargo documents
Customs control of cargo documents
Customs examination with special radiation
equipment
Customs examination with special radiation
equipment
Main tasks:-To find out local radioactive sources;- To measure dose rate;-Selected measurement of the levels of surface contamination by alpha and beta radionuclide.
Main tasks:-To find out local radioactive sources;- To measure dose rate;-Selected measurement of the levels of surface contamination by alpha and beta radionuclide.
- Sanitary certificate- Transport documents
- Sanitary certificate- Transport documents
- № and Date of issue of document;- Full name of organization – recipient;- weight and kind of scrap;- Number of transport units, identification №;- Full name of Laboratory of Radiation Control provided measuring;- № of radiation protocols and dose rate;- Conations of using of scrap.
-
CRITERION:Dose rate natural
background
+ 0,2 µSv/h.
All documents are presentScrap meets sanitary demands
All documents are presentScrap meets sanitary demands ISSUE OF SCRAPISSUE OF SCRAP Prohibition of issueProhibition of issue
Sanitary certificate is absent and (or) dose rate is not correspond to criterion
The stages of scrap Customs control
The graph which shows how the number of cases of detection of illicit trafficking of scrap depends on the level of equipment
customs houses with the radiation monitoring technique
0
20
40
60
80
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Qu
antit
y o
f th
e fo
un
d o
ut f
acts
0,00%
10,00%
20,00%
30,00%
40,00%
50,00%
60,00%
70,00%
80,00%
Th
e le
vel o
f eq
uip
men
t cu
sto
ms
ho
use
s w
ith th
e ra
dia
tion
mo
nito
rin
g te
chn
iqu
e
the level of equipment customs houses with the radiation monitoring technique
the number of cases of detection of illicit trafficking of scrap
The number of cases of scrap return from Russia to other countries and from other countries to Russia
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
The
num
ber o
f cas
es o
f scr
ap re
turn The number of cases of
scrap return from other countries to Russia
The number of cases of scrap return from Russia to other countries