Starting Windows NT An overview and introduction

Instructor: Professor: Dr. Anvari

Students: Li-Yen Chen & Chunwa (Joanna) Chan

Southeastern University

Purposes and Goals

The goals of this presentation is to understand the following topics:

• General questions about Windows NT and Windows 95

- Comparison of Windows 95 and Windows NT

- Comparison of NT Server and Workstation

• Overview of the Architecture of Windows NT

• Overview of the Windows NT Networking system

• Tips about Windows NT

What’s the differences between Win95/98 and Windows NT?

Windows 95/98

• File systems: FAT slow when file> 200mb

Index: Linked list

• Support only single processor

• Weaker security

Windows NT

• File systems: NTFS bigger partition, more secure

Index: B-tree

• Support both single and multiprocessors

• Stronger security

Comparison of Windows 95 and NT Workstation

Application Support Windows95 Windows NT Workstation

Runs MS-DOS devicedriver

Yes No

Runs 16-bit Windows-based device drivers

Yes No

Recommended RAMfor running multipleapplications

16+ Mb 32+ Mb

Runs on PowerPC No Yes

Supportmultiprocessor

No Yes

Runs MS-DOSapplications

Yes Most

* Information sources: http://microsoft.com/NTWorkstation

Application Support Windows95 Windows NT Workstation

Runs POSIX * 1003.1application

No Yes

Preemptivemultitasking for 32-bitWindows-basedapplication

Yes Yes

Preemptive *

multitasking for 16-bitWindows-basedapplication

No Yes

* POSIX: portable operation system interface based on Unix

* Preemptive multitasking: applications are forced to shared the CPU

(cooperative multitasking: each program can control the CPU as long

as it needs)

Ease of Use Windows95 Windows NTworkstation

Next-generationWindows UserInterface

Yes Yes

Plug and Play(Hardwareautomatically anddynamicallyreconfigure thesystem)

Yes No

Connectivity Windows95 Windows NTworkstation

LAN connectivity andpeer-to-peernetworking

Yes Yes

Built-in RemoteAccess Services

Yes Yes

Build-in e-mail andfax

Yes Fax support deliveredseparately

Build-in MicrosoftNetwork clientsoftware

Yes Delivered separately

* Peer-to-peer networking: all account administration is local to each

machine and that each machine maintains its own account database.

* Remote Access Services: services that allow the connection of the remote user.

Comparison of NT Workstation and Sever

NT Workstation• support 2 processors

• 10 clients (max)

• remote access service *:

1 connection only

• suitable for Intranet

• Macintosh services: No

• Peer to peer Network

NT Sever• 4 processors

• Unlimited clients

• remote access service*:

255 connections

• suitable for Internet

• Macintosh services: Yes

• Server

Windows NT Design Objectives

• Extensibility

Backoffice Suite (SQL Server, Exchange,..etc.)

• Portability (from one hardware to another)

Written by C, which is not hardware dependent

• Compatibility

DOS, Win16, Win32 and POSIX (Portable Operating System Interface based on UNIX) Compatible.

• Security

Security logon, Discretionary access control, Audit, Memory protection

• Performance

• Reliability and Robustness

Windows NT Features

• Networking components

NetBEUI, IPX/SPX, TCP/IP, DLC, ApplTalk, PPTP, VLAN

• Internet/Intranet components

Internet Information Server (IIS), FTP server, gopher server.

• Interoperability components

Clients: DOS, Windows95/98, Windows NT workstation, Macintosh.

• Application-Enabling components

Support Inter Process Communication (IPC)

• Administrative components

Primary domain controller, backup domain controller, or standalone.

• Workstation components

A NT server can also be used as a workstation.

Windows NT Architecture (1)

Windows NT Architecture (2)

Windows NT ArchitectureKernel mode• Hardware Abstraction Layer ( HAL) - Control all of the hardware access

- Platform-specific

- Protect subsystems and applications work through the executive to

access hardware

• Executive

- includes system services (called by the subsystem) and internal

routines (called by other executive components)

- each of the executive components is independent from the other.

- each component can be removed and replaced by new version.

User mode (composed of protected subsystems) - Each subsystem is protected one from another.

- When an application crash, will not take others down.

Windows NT Scalability: ability to run multiprocessorNT uses Symmetric Multiprocessing

Networking and Network protocol• Basic Networking Concepts

– Local area network (LAN)– Personal computer– Network cable– Network interface adapter– Networking protocol– Hub– Server– Client– Peer

Windows 95Peer

Windows 95Peer

Network Cable

Windows 3.1Client

Windows 3.1Client

Windows 95Peer

Windows 95Peer

MacintoshClient

Hub Windows NTServer

Network Cable

Networking and Network protocol

• Network Architecture– The physical layer

Network components: copper wire, fiber-optic cable(glass), radio wavers and so on

– The network layerSending the packets information over the physical layer

Networking and Network protocol

• The Open Systems Interconnect(OSI) Model– Application Layer– Presentation Layer– Session Layer– Transport Layer– Network Layer– Data link Layer– Physical Layer

Networking and Network protocol

• Windows NT Networking Components and boundary layers.– Programming interfaces (boundary)– File system drivers (component)– The transport driver interface(boundary)– transport protocol (component)– Network driver interface specification– Adapter driver(component)

Networking and Network protocol

• Windows NT Server support Network Protocols– NetBEUI : NETBIOS Extended User Interface– IPX/SPX : Internetwork Packet eXchagne/Sequenced

Packet eXchange– TCP/IP : Transmission Control Protocol Internet

Protocol– DCL : Data Link Control– Apple Talk– Steams– PPTP : Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol

Networking and Network protocol

• Features of TCP/IP– Broad connectivity among all types of computers and servers

– Direct access to the Internet

– Strong support for routing

– Simple SNMP support

– Support for DHCP to dynamically assign client IP address

– Support for the WINs to allow NetBIOS name resolution among Microsoft clients and servers.

– Support for most other Internet protocols such as HTTP, POP,

– Centralized TCP/IP domain assignment to allow internetworking between organizations

Windows NT Network Security Models

• The Workgroup Security Model

• The Domain Security Model

Windows NT Server Roles

• Primary Domain Controller

• Backup Domain Controller

• Server– Member Servers– Stand-Alone Servers

Starting your Windows NT• Windows NT is strong in Security, performance, stability,

and networking, but ease of use and hardware configuration is not as good as Windows 95

• Notes: Install Windows:– Hardware Selection: Hardware Compatibility List (HCL)

– Choosing a File System: NTFS or FAT

– Choosing a Domain Role (PDC, BDC, Member sever)

• Tips: Microsoft strategy:– Windows 98/ NT Workstation take place of Windows 95

– NT Server compete with Unix

References• Honeycutt J. 1999. Using Windows NT Server 4: Platinum

Edition.

• Donald, L. and J. Chellis. 1997. MCSE: NT Server 4 Enterprise Study Guide. 2nd Edition.

• Donald, L. and J. Chellis. 1997. MCSE: NT Server 4 Study Guide. 2nd Edition.

Links• Http://www2.pcworld.com/software/opsystems/articles/

• Http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/2735/whidvm.html

• Http://www.microsoft.com/windows/platform/info/how2choose-mb.htm

• Http://microsoft.com/NTWorkstation/Compare/Compare/Window95/