Starter Tips Trickes

8/12/2019 Starter Tips Trickes

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2.3 MS SQL................................................................................................................. 4

2.3.1 Stored procedures............................................................................................ 5

2.4 DB 2/400................................................................................................................ 5

3 Operating system.......................................................................................................... 6

3.1 General............................................................................................................ 6

3.1.1 ftp.................................................................................................................... 6

3.1.2 General commands.......................................................................................... 6

3.2 UNIX..................................................................................................................... 6

3.2.1 Sim ple com mands ............................................................................................ 6

3.2.2 A little more complex commands .................................................................... 6

3.3 NT.......................................................................................................................... 6

4 General issues............................................................................................................... 8

4.1 SAP Tools .......................................................................................................... 8

4.1.1 dbmon.............................................................................................................. 8

4.1.2 gwmon............................................................................................................. 8

4.1.3 R3load............................................................................................................. 8

4.1.4 R3setup............................................................................................................ 8

4.1.5 R3trans............................................................................................................ 8

4.1.6 sapdba, to be run as ora........................................................................ 8

4.1.7 saplicense, to be run from the ..exerun directory........................................... 8

4.1.8 saprouter.......................................................................................................... 8

4.1.9 tp, to be run from the usrsaptransbin............................................................ 8

1 SAP R/3

This document is created to get a comprehens ive lis t of all actions that I have taken during the m aintenance of the SAP. Thisto make sure that I forget as li ttle as poss ible.

This document can be a good handle for basis consultants who are starting on the job.

1.1 Tables

DBSTATC status of statistics-information per SAP-table

E070 Change-requests and their tasks and properties

E071 Objects in change-requests


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KNA1 Necessary at sapscript-ABAPs

MARA Materiallist

PAT01, PAT03 Supportpackages and their status, also see table TEPSIN

TBATG Holds runtime-transportinformation (dont know yet what i t exactly holds)

TBTCO Batchjobinformation

TTZZ Timezones.

USR01 ~ ...12 Us erdata

1.2 Transactions

Good advise: dont learn the transactioncodes by heart at first, but use the menu-paths. This way you will sooner get anoverview of the systems poss ibilities.

1.2.1 Daily maintenance

SM21 Systemlog

SM37 Check the batchjobs

SM50/51 Show all processes on one server / all servers

SM66 Show all active process on the system

ST11 Display developer-traces

ST22 ABAP-dumps

1.2.2 ABAP-related

SE11 ABAP dictionary

SE16/SM30 Data browser/Table editor (3.1xs SM31 is replaced by SM30)

SE37 Function builder

SE38 ABAP editor

SE41 Menu painter

SE51 Screen painter

1.2.3 Backgroundjob-related

RZ04 Operation modes

SM36 Create background job

SM37 Show background jobs


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SM63 Operation mode calendar

SM65 Check backgroundjob-settings

1.2.4 Generally useful

AL11 SAP directories

DB02 Databas e perform ance: Tables and Indexes

PFCG Profile generator

RZ10 Profile maintenance

SARA Archiving

SCC4 Client change options

SE01 Transport organizer, use SE09 for ABAP-transports, SE10 for customizing transports

SE06 (4.x up) System change options, see SCC4 for Client change options.

SE71 Maintain Layout-s ets als o known as saps cripts

SM02 System message

SMGW Gateway administration

SMLG Define logon-groups

SMLT Language administration

SPAM Support Package Manager

SPAU ABAP-dictionary assistant during supportpackage-import

SPDD Data-dictionary assistant during supportpackage-import

STFK Search the customersystem that have an open connection to Wal ldorf

1.2.5 Functional transactions

MM01,2,3 Create, Modify, Display material data

PP01,2,3 Create, Modify, Display productionplant data

VA01,2,3 Create, Modify, Display sales order data

1.3 Commands


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/$sync Synchronise the buffers. ABAPs on the application servers wil l be refreshed, so possibly

changed. Not recommended on productionsystems in use.

/h Turning on the debugging mode

/n New command

/o New session

1.4 ABAP reports

RDDIMPDP Jobtriggerer. Starts the released batchjobs and tp-commands.

RDDNEWPP To schedule RDDIMPDP, run this as DDIC in each targetclient

RMMMPERI Periodclosing for MM. Gives problems regularly.

RSCOLL00 Collector for system- and databasedata. Usually runs every hour.

RSDBTIME Check and repair inconsistencies in the clocks of a system

RSEPSUPL Upload the patches available in /eps/in 31x

?RSSUPC?? Generates the profiles and activitygroups

RSPARAM Shows the parametersettings of a running SAP-instance

RSPO1041 Delete old spoolrequests. This abap used to be RSPO0041 in older releases

RSTPTEST Tes ts the trans porttool

RSUSRxxx User related reports (000 list active users, 002 userby comlex criteria, etc)

TOUCHALL Generate all ABAPs. Takes about 24 hours!

1.5 Profileparameters

rdisp/* gui-parameters

rdisp/gui_max_wait maximum time of no response (in 3.x: rdisp/gui_auto_logout)

1.6 Userids

1.6.1 Userids on SAP R/3 level

SAP* Sapsuperuser, has all authorizations. Its default pass word is available in the OSS.

DDIC Its default pass word is available in the OSS.

CPIC eh

1.6.2 Userids on databaselevel

SAPR3 User that connect SAP R/3 to the Oracle (or SQL or ..) databas e


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OPS$ Oracle-only. Used to change pass words of OS-level userids. see OSS-note 50088

1.6.3 Userids on OS-level

adm os-administrator for unix-activities as creating logical volumes, filegroups, sm it, sm itty, etc

ora Oracle only: R/3-database adminis trator for SAPDBA-activities as brarchive, sapdba-analyze, brrestore, etc.

SAPService NT-only: OS-user used for running the service SAPOSCOL

1.6.4 Userid for applying SupportpackagesDuring applying supportpackages (aka. hotpackages) you need to be logged on to client 000 with a userid other then SAP*,but with the same authorizations.

1.6.5 Userid for configuring and maintaining STMS

During changing the Transport Management System using STMS you need to be logged on as TMSADM in client 000 on the

transportdomaincontroller.

1.7 Logfiles

SAP logs almos t any action and has a lot of trace-options. Here is a s hort listing for them:

systemlog, viewed via transaction SM21, file stored in /work

developertraces, viewed via ST11 or SM50 and doubleclick the process (as of 4.x), stored in /work

dev_wX log for workproces number Xdev_ms log for workproces for the messages ervice

dev_gw log for workproces for the gatewaydev_disp log for workproces for the dispatcher

dev_tp log for workproces for the transports

startuplog, viewed via ST11

stderrx, viewed via ST11, 3 or 4 files, hold more errorstatements

trans.log, viewed via AL11, DIR_TRANS, transportlogfile

1.8 Traces

Tracefiles are very useful when analysing a problem.

ST05 (System, Utilities, Performance trace) allows you to set a trace per user, transaction, program or process-id.

SM50. Here you see the processes. Per proces you can see its corresponding tracefile via button Show file. The

default trace-level is 1. You can change the tracelevel via Process, Trace, Dispatcher, Change tracelevel (of all processes,not per process).

2 Database

2.1 General databaseknowledge

Logging on to the database is done via:

Log on as ora

UNIX: svrmgrl (in Oracle 7.* this used to be sqlplus)

NT: sqldba72 (or svrmgr23, svrmgr30)

connect internal


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2.1.1 Database-commands2.1.1.1 SQL Select-statements

Select * from useful fields what does it do?

dba_roles;

dba_tables where tablespace_name=

SYSTEM and owner=SYS;

shows all systemtables

sys.dba_role_privs; where grantee like OPS$; show the roles of the OPS$-user, should be:

CONNECT, RESOURCE and SAPDBA.

v$backup shows which files are in backup mode

v$datafile; to verify the correct execution

v$datafile where status not in

('SYSTEM','ONLINE')

should be empty if SAP is online

v$dba_rollback_segs Data of all rollback segments

v$log; shows all logfiles (4) and which is active

v$logfile; shows all physical logfiles (mirrored, so: 8)

v$nls_parameters where parameter ='NLS_CHARACTERSET';

returns the characterset with which the databaseis ins talled

v$recover_file; should be empty if SAP is online

v$rollname Name and number of all ONLINE rollback

segments

v$rolls tat Num ber, s tatus , optim al s ize, diff. capacity s izes

etc. of all ONLINE rollback segments

The V$-files contain the dynamic performance tables which hold the runtime information of R/3. To see all V$-files listed, go

to ST04, detailed analysis, button display V$ values.

2.1.1.2 SQL Alter-statements

alter database open;

?alter database rename file ':\' to ':\';

alter system switch logfile; (4 times to perform four logswitches)

alter tablespace end backup; the tablespace wil l end its s tatus of being backed up.

2.1.1.3 SQL Other statements

analyze table validate structure cascade;

drop tablename from ??; deletes the table from the database.

exit; logging out


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grant user1 to user2; copies the rights of user1 to user2

saposcol v show the version of sapos col

2.2 Oracle

2.2.1 important files

init.ora

init.sap

init.dba

2.2.2 OSlevel-commands

exit logging out

lsnrctl start start the oracle listener

lsnrctl status shows the status of the listener

tnsping tests the TNS-connection to the database

sm it (or sm itty) characterbased menu for handling of filesystems, logical volumes , drives etc.

2.2.3 Brbackup/brrestore

BRRESTORE m file01/dir01 .. filen/dirn restore the backup and places the files in the given directories instead of the

original di rectories

2.3 MS SQL

Logging on to the database is done via:

Log on as adm?

svrmgr30 or svrmgr (as of oracle 8.0)

connect internal

checkdb to be added (or see microsoft/sql/ knowledgebase)

2.3.1 Services

SAP-Services that needs to be running on OS-level

SAP_

SAPoscol

2.3.2 Stored procedures

sp_helpsort show the SQL-servers sortorder and characterset (thus the codepage)

2.4 DB 2/400

enddbmon stop the databasecollector-program when i t is running

3 Operating system


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3.1 General

3.1.1 ftp

bin set transferring files to binary (as opposed to ascii)

get download a file (mget doe not work on SAPSERVx)

ls l list directory, -l to show filedetails

put upload a file (mput does not work on SAPSERVx)

pwd show current path

3.1.2 General commands

startsap r3 Start SAP from the commandprompt

stopsap Stop SAP from the commandprompt

tp connect Tes ts if you can connect to the database of the sys tem (s tart in us r/sap/trans )

r3trans d v Tests if you can connect to the database

r3trans l fi lename Checks if the fi le is consistent and correct and can be imported

3.2 UNIX

3.2.1 Simple commands

chgrp grp filelist Change the group that the file(s) belong to.

chmod 777 filelist Change the rights of the file(s). 777: owner-world-user. 7: read-write-delete (=111)

chown user filelist Change the owner of the file(s)

cp file1 file2 Copy file1 to file2

cp /dev/null fi le Clear al l contents of fi le

errpt Hardware error-report (IBM-unix)

ls l tr Show filel is t, parameters: l: show fi leattributes , t: sort by time, r: reverse sortorder

more

mv file1 file2 Move command

ps ef Show all running processes, -e, -f

vi The famous vi-editor

3.2.2 A little more complex commands


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kill Kill a proces s as if it is cancelled. Child process es are killed as well.

kill 1 Kill a process as if the user is logging out. Child processes are killed as well.

kill 9 Kill a proces s as brutal as pos sible. Child-proces ses are not touched.

kill USR2 Increases TRACE by 1

kill USR1 Decreases TRACE by 1. When TRACE = 0 all open trace fi les are closed and can becleared using cp /dev/null filename.

lslv Show the logical volumes

lsvg Show the volumegroups

sappfpar check pf= Checks the profileparameter. Do they exist and do they have correct values.

set VAR VAL set environment variable VAR to value VAL

printenv prints the environementvariables

ps ef |grep xxx Monitor processes with name containing xxx

ps u Monitor processes run by user

Crontab

To schedule tasks you have to edit file crontab. Every line s tarts with five numbers and then a command. The numbers standfor minute, hour, day-of-month, month-of-year, day of week (0 for sunday).

The eas ies t way to edit the crontab file with a text-editor.

Detailed UNIX-commandlist

To get detailed information about every UNIX-command available and lots of articles, see s ite

AIX: www.rs6000.ibm.com/cgi-bin/ds_rslt

3.3 NT

at Schedule anything.

hostname Shows the hostname

ipconfig /all Show all ip-addresses of the s ystem

ipcs m Show all IPC-processes

ipcrm m Kill ipc-process

regedit / regedt32 Edit the registry. (for instance HKLM, software, SAP)

s apntchk Checks the s ys tem , its ip-adres ses , running proces ses etc.
http://www.rs6000.ibm.com/cgi-bin/ds_rslt


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ntenv2reg Copy the environmentsettings to the regis try to secure them

ntreg2env Copy the regis try to the environm ents ettings

4 General issues

4.1 SAP Tools

4.1.1 dpmon

This tool allows you to check SAPs processes and to find out which one is killing the performance. Especially useful when i

is not poss ible anymore to log on to your system.

(Oracle: use adm to start this tool)

dpmon Start dpmon, type m for the menu

4.1.2 gwmon

This tool allows you to check if the gateway is running. It is an addition to transaction SMGW.

4.1.3 R3load

R3load is used to:

- import/export databases

4.1.4 R3setup

R3setup is used to:

- install SAP-databases

- import exported databases into existing databases

4.1.5 R3trans

R3trans is used to:

- test databaseconnections

- import the transports

r3trans d-v Tests the connection to the database

r3trans l Tests if the datafileis corrupt or not

4.1.6 sapdba, to be run as ora

Sapdba is run to collect the data for the optimizer. This is done in two steps: First SAPDBA checkopt PSAP% checks whichoptimizerdata needs to be updated, then SAPDBA analyze DBSTATCO gathers the data of the objects to be updated.

sapdba analyze DBSTATCO Gathers the optimizerdata that needs to be updated

sapdba check Checks the objects that you specify with its parameters

sapdba checkopt PSAP% Checks which optimizerdata needs to be updated

sapdba statistics Does all of the above in one run. See note 184513


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4.1.7 saplicense, to be run from the ..exerun directory

saplicense test pf=../../profile/default.pfl Tests if the license is still valid

saplicense get Gets the customer key (aka hardwarekey) need for the license

saplicense install To install the licensekey received from SAP

saplicense show Shows the current license

Request the license for the system by sending the fax included in the installation-kit to SAP.

4.1.8 saprouter

saprouter r R profile Start the saprouter.

Table saprouttab p * * *(Permit/Deny, From-ip, To-ip, Service)

4.1.9 tp, to be run from the usrsaptransbin

As of version 4.0 there is no more need for us to go down to the os-level. Everything can be done with transaction STMS.Nevertheless the tp-commands are s till be useful and needed in s ome cases (yet). for detailed information on tp-command

see OSS-note 309711.

tp connect Tests the connection to

tp locksys Lock the SAP-system for all users except SAP*

tp unlocksys Unlock the SAP-system, giving access to all users

tp showbuffer Show the buffer

tp addtobuffer Add the changerequest to the buffer. possible par.: u1

tp delfrombuffer Delete the changerequest from the buffer

tp import u.x Importcommand, parameter u:

u1: Import regardless if it is already imported or notu2: Overwrite the originals.

u6: Overwrite objects in unconfirmed repairs.

u8: Overwrite objects in open repairs

The returncodes for tp import command:

4 Warning

8 Error.

12/14/16 Fatal error

152 Nothing done

>1000 Returncode with extra information, but only the last three digits are relevant

The file TP_.PFL (used to be TPPARAM) in this directory holds the tp-parameter-settings


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filesplit=yes|true|on

(default=no)

Export will be spli t into files of size 2147483647 (2GB-1). Useful for OSs that can

not handle files larger then 2GB.

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