Starter (November 26)Answer in complete sentences.1. At the end of World War II, the USSR

utilized what form of government?2. Many nations feared the form of

government utilized by the USSR. What happened as a result of this fear?

3. Define NATO, SEATO, and the Warsaw Pact. *I know these are in the BLUE USH book.

From World War to Cold War

The United States vs. the Soviet Union

Two Superpowers: The US and USSR USSR and US emerged from WWII as

the two superpowers. War had destroyed the two major Axis

powers – Germany and Japan War had also reduced Britain and

France to second-rate status. USSR and US were superpowers based

on their large populations, strong and stable governments, industrial and technological leadership, and military power

Origins of the Cold War

Originated immediately after WWII (Yalta Conference is the actual point)

Americans were alarmed by the expressed Soviet aim of communizing the world and the expansion of Soviet power into Central Europe.

Soviets were alarmed by overwhelming American military power and the expansionism of American capitalism.

Truman began the American policy of containment (not allowing communism to spread further than it already had)

“Weapons” of the Cold War Propaganda – in newspapers, radio, television Diplomatic moves – international conferences

and military alliances Scientific competition – nuclear weapons,

missiles, space flights Economic competition – aid to developing

countries Espionage – spy rings, intelligence gathering

ships, data-gathering space vehicles Subversion – encouraging dissent and

disruption within each other’s borders

Starter (November 27)

Answer in complete

sentences.

1.After WWII, Korea was divided along which line?

2. Identify the governments of North and South Korea.

3.Why did the UN (and therefore, the US) become involved in the Korean War?

The Cold War Heats Up

Nuclear weapons became a threat to the world after the dropping of the atomic bomb in Japan during WWII (1945). Soviets acquired the bombs leading to an

increase in production. The hydrogen bomb was developed in the

early 1950s. Long-range missiles were developed in the

mid-1950s. Fear of nuclear war led to fallout shelters

in the US.

Korea in the Post-WWII World Korea was liberated from Japan after

World War II. The US and the Soviets could not

decide on what form of government to use in Korea. Division of Korea at the 38th parallel

North Korea was led by the Soviets (communist)

South Korea became a pro-US democracy

Korean War Begins

A war began between North and South Korea when North Korean forces crossed the 38th parallel June of 1950.

The UN decided to come to South Korea’s aid. In the US, Harry Truman chose General

MacArthur to lead the UN forces. US never declared war on Korea; instead,

the Korean War is viewed as a UN police action.

Korean War hits a Stalemate MacArthur’s forces pushed North Korea over

the 38th parallel by attacking their supply lines.

Chinese troops came to aid North Korea when UN troops neared the Chinese border. Chinese feared the UN may end the communist

regime if they did not assist North Korea. Truman fired MacArthur after he spoke

negatively about the president’s handling of the war.

After two long years of battles, an armistice was signed in 1953. The governments in Korea remained divided at

almost the same position as they had been in prior to North Korea’s invasion.

Korean War Memorial Washington, DC

Korean War Comic Strip Create a 6-block story board of the Korean War. You should outline major events of the Korean

War beginning with North Korea’s invasion of South Korea and ending with the armistice of 1953.

Each block must have a visual and your knowledge of the content must be evident. (You may accompany your pictures with writing.)

Color is required. Page 759 in green textbook (OR other

textbooks for this assignment as your green text does not provide much detail)

Starter (November 28)

Answer in complete sentences.

1.Why did the US get involved in the Korean War?

2.Who won the Korean War? (Write at least 3 sentences explaining your answer.)

The Cold War in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s

The “Domino Theory”

After the Korean War, President Eisenhower expressed his fear of spreading communism:

“You have a row of dominoes, and you knock over the first one, and what will happen to the last one is the certainty that will go over very quickly.”

During the 1950s and early 1960s, the US sent military advisors to South Vietnam to help prevent communism from spreading in from North Vietnam.

The Berlin Wall

In 1961, the Soviets began building a wall to separate the democratic West Berlin from East Berlin. Why do you think the Soviets

constructed the Berlin Wall? http://www.history.com/videos/histor

y-rocks-the-berlin-wall#history-rocks-the-berlin-wall

The Indochina War (1946-1954) French Indochina (Vietnam, Laos, and

Cambodia) hoped for independence with the end of World War II in 1945.

By 1940, Ho Chi Minh was an important nationalist leader and a Marxist.

Japan invaded Vietnam in 1941 (during WWII). Ho Chi Minh began a movement for an

Independent Vietnam called the Viet Minh. When the Japanese were defeated in 1945,

Ho Chi Minh declared Vietnam independent. The French returned in 1946 in attempts to

reclaim Indochina causing the Indochina War.

From 1946-1954 fighting occurred between the French and anti-imperial forces with the most intense fighting taking place in Vietnam.

Ho Chi Minh and the Viet Minh waged guerilla warfare defeating the French in 1954.

The Geneva Conference of 1954 ended the Indochina War. The French withdrew all troops. Vietnam was temporarily divided at the 17th

parallel Elections would be held in 1956 to choose a

government for the entire country.

Cuban Missile Crisis

In the summer of 1961, the Soviets began constructing missile sites in Cuba (also a communist country). US spy planes discovered the sites in

October 1962 when they were almost completed.

US president John F. Kennedy demanded that Nikita Khrushchev (leader of USSR) withdraw the missiles and announced a US blockade of Cuba.

After 5 days, Khrushchev withdrew the missiles and the US agreed to remove missiles from Turkey.

Where is Where is Vietnam?Vietnam?

Vietnam War (1954-1975)

The Vietnam War was the longest and most unpopular war in American history.

During the war: 58,000 Americans lost their

lives. 61% of the men killed were 21

or younger. 304,000 were wounded. 75,000 were severely

disabled. The United States spent

over $200 billion dollars on the war.

Opposition to Geneva Accords The United States prevented the elections

in 1956 that were promised under the Geneva conference because it knew that the Communists would win. – President Dwight D. President Dwight D.

Eisenhower (1953-1961) Eisenhower (1953-1961) supported the creation of a supported the creation of a counter-revolutionary counter-revolutionary alternative south of the 17th alternative south of the 17th parallel. (Democracy in South parallel. (Democracy in South Vietnam)Vietnam)

• This was accomplished This was accomplished through formation of the through formation of the Southeast Asia Treaty Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO).Organization (SEATO).

Starter November 29 (Answer in complete sentences)1. Why did the US get involved in

Vietnam?2. Why do you think many people in

the US disliked the Vietnam War and protested against our involvement?

3. Why did the US prevent elections in 1956 that would reunite Vietnam under one government?

A New Nation in the South

In 1955, with the help of massive amounts of American military, political, and economic aid, the government of the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) was born.

The following year, Ngo Dinh Diem, a staunchly anti-Communist figure from the South, won a dubious election that made him president of South Vietnam

South Vietnam Under Diem Diem claimed that his newly

created government was under attack from Communists in the north.

In late 1957, with American military aid, Diem began to counterattack.

Diem passed laws against suspected communists. Many began to feel that his actions

were too oppressive and began to protest.

The National Liberation Front

• On December 20, 1960, the National On December 20, 1960, the National Liberation Front (NLF) was born.Liberation Front (NLF) was born.– It brought together Communists and non-It brought together Communists and non-

Communists in an umbrella organization that had Communists in an umbrella organization that had limited, but important goals limited, but important goals

– Anyone could join as long as they opposed Ngo Anyone could join as long as they opposed Ngo Dinh Diem and wanted to unify Vietnam.Dinh Diem and wanted to unify Vietnam.

Military Coup

In 1963, some of Diem's own generals approached the American Embassy in Saigon with plans to overthrow Diem. With Washington's tacit approval, Diem and his brother were captured and later killed. Three weeks later, President Kennedy was assassinated on the streets of Dallas.

Escalation of the Conflict

At the time of the Kennedy and Diem assassinations, there were 16,000 military advisers in Vietnam. US President Lyndon Baines

Johnson (1963-1969) was convinced that a more aggressive action was needed.

Operation Rolling Thunder

In early 1965, the NLF attacked two U.S. army installations in South Vietnam, and as a result, Johnson ordered sustained bombing missions over North Vietnam.

The bombing missions, known as “Operation Rolling Thunder,” caused the Communist Party to reassess its own war strategy

Phosphorous & Napalm Bombs

“Operation Rolling Thunder” was backed up by phosphorous and napalm bombs – the latter causing dreadful burns to thousand of innocent civilians.

Operation Ranch Hand

When this failed to break down the jungle cover the US started “Operation Ranch Hand” – use of Agent Orange. This deadly chemical cocktail, containing dioxin,

killed off millions of acres of jungle to try to weaken the Vietcong – but left a horrendous legacy in Vietnam.

Helicopters

Of all aircraft, the helicopter was the most useful, dropping platoons in the jungle clearings and out again.

They were excellent air ambulances.

North Vietnamese Tactics Guerilla tactics Aid from peasants Their weapons were

cheap and reliable.– The AK47 assault rifle out-The AK47 assault rifle out-

performed the American performed the American M16M16

– The portable rocket The portable rocket launcher took out many launcher took out many US vehicles & aircraft.US vehicles & aircraft.

– They recycledThey recycled dud bombs dud bombs dropped by the Americans. dropped by the Americans.

– Booby-trapsBooby-traps– Tunnel Complexes for bomb Tunnel Complexes for bomb

protectionprotection

Search & Destroy Tactics The United States

countered with “Search and Destroy” tactics. If they found Viet Cong in a village, the village was burned down.• This often alienated the This often alienated the peasants from the peasants from the American/South American/South Vietnamese cause. Vietnamese cause. – ““If they weren’t Vietcong If they weren’t Vietcong

before we got there, they before we got there, they sure as hell were by the sure as hell were by the time we left.” (US Marine) time we left.” (US Marine) – Viet Cong assisted with Viet Cong assisted with

rebuilding and burialsrebuilding and burials

The Tet Offensive

By 1968, things had gone from bad to worse for the Johnson administration.

Attacks by North Vietnam and the Viet Cong, known as the Tet Offensive, were designed to force the Johnson administration to the bargaining table.

The My Lai Massacre

A serious blow to U.S. credibility came with the exposure of the My Lai massacre (March 1968).

Hushed up at the time and only discovered by a tenacious journalist, this involved the killing of 400 men, women and children by US troops. 

A Secret Plan to End the War In late March 1968, a

disgraced Lyndon Johnson announced he would not run for reelection and negotiate peace with the communists.

Starter November 30, 20121. Explain why the US got involved in

both the Korean and Vietnam conflicts.

2. During the 1960s, the protest movement against the Vietnam War escalated. Explain why.

3. How was Lyndon Johnson’s approach in Vietnam different from Eisenhower and Kennedy?

Vietnamization

Nixon elected in 1968 (serving 1969-1974)

“Vietnamization” strategy brought American troops home while increasing the air war over North Vietnam.

Nixon also moved into Laos and Cambodia violating agreements with these countries.

The Christmas Bombings

In December 1972, the Nixon administration unleashed a series of deadly bombing raids against targets in North Vietnam’s largest cities, Hanoi and Haiphong.

Reactions internationally forced the Nixon administration to reconsider its tactics and negotiation strategy.

The Paris Peace Agreement

In early January 1973, the Nixon White House convinced Saigon that they would not abandon the South Vietnamese army if they signed the peace accord.

On January 23, 1973 hostilities between the United States and North Vietnam ended.

The Paris Peace Agreement did not end the conflict in Vietnam

The Fall to Communism

April 30, 1975, North Vietnamese tanks captured Saigon ending the Vietnam War. Communists were successful.

Vietnam Comic Strip

Create a comic strip that is a minimum of 6 blocks that outlines the events of the Vietnam War from start to finish. (1954-1975)

You must use color! If not completed in class, it becomes

homework due at the start of class Monday.

Starter December 3, 2012

Create a timeline on a sheet of paper that shows the years of the Vietnam War.

Within this timeline, block out the different US presidents who served.

Under each president’s name, generate a list of facts (4-5) that examine how their administration handled the Vietnam War.

Cold War (1970s-1991)

The 1970s The US enters into a period known of as

détente. Détente meant less tension between the two

superpowers. Nixon pulls troops out of Vietnam (1973) Nixon visited both China and the USSR to

discuss foreign policy. Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT) with

USSR US President Carter will continue the détente

by focusing on more domestic policy issues.

Soviet invasion of Afghanistan

In 1979, Afghanistan was already in a civil war when Soviet troops invaded the capital.

The UN condemned the invasion in January 1980, but was not able to force a removal of the Soviet troops (Russia was a member of the UN Security Council).

The US banned exports of grain to the Soviets.

Mikhail Gorbachev (Soviet leader) abandoned Afghanistan realizing they would not be able to sustain the war.

1980s: Renewed tensions The invasion of Afghanistan led to a renewal

of tensions. The US aided Afghanistan by provided advisors and

supplies After the Soviets left in the late 1980s, the Taliban

gains more power in Afghanistan. Beginning in 1987, American and Soviet

leaders signed new arms-limitation treaties (SALT II).

Gorbachev began perestroika (rebuilding). 1989, the Berlin Wall comes down. The Soviet Union falls apart in 1991 ending

the Cold War.

The Berlin Wall

http://www.history.com/videos/berlin-wall-deconstructed#berlin-wall-deconstructed

Study Guide

Begin Cold War Study Guide