Start Up Procedures Egypt

8/9/2019 Start Up Procedures Egypt

1/66

Instruction BulletinMay 2001

Schneider Electric Egypt ServicesProcedures for Startup and Commissioningof Electrical Equipment


2/66

Procedures for Startup and Commissioning of Electrical Equipment Bulletin No. 018IB0001R5/01

Table of Contents May 2001

2000-2001 Schneider Electric All Rights Reserved2

SECTION 1INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

SECTION 2SAFETY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

SECTION 3AC DRIVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

SECTION 4AIR SWITCHES: LOW VOLTAGE (BOLTED

PRESSURE, QMB, OR EQUAL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

SECTION 5AIR SWITCHES: MEDIUM VOLTAGE,

METAL-ENCLOSED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

SECTION 6AIR SWITCHES: HIGH AND MEDIUM VOLTAGE,

OPEN STYLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12

SECTION 7ANALOG METERING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13

SECTION 8BUSWAYS, METAL-ENCLOSED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

SECTION 9CABLES: LOW VOLTAGE AND MEDIUM VOLTAGE . . . 15

SECTION 10CAPACITORS: POWER FACTOR CORRECTION . . . . .16

SECTION 11CIRCUIT BREAKERS: LOW VOLTAGE INSULATED

CASE/MOLDED CASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

SECTION 12CIRCUIT BREAKERS: LOW VOLTAGE POWER

(ANSI/IEEE C37.13) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

SECTION 13CIRCUIT BREAKERS: MEDIUM VOLTAGE SF6 . . . . . .22

SECTION 14CIRCUIT BREAKERS: MEDIUM VOLTAGE

VACUUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24

SECTION 15DIRECT CURRENT SYSTEMS: BATTERIES. . . . . . . . . 26

SECTION 16EMERGENCY SYSTEMS: AUTOMATIC TRANSFER

SWITCHES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

SECTION 17GROUND-FAULT PROTECTION SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . .29

SECTION 18GROUND RESISTORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

SECTION 19GROUNDING SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32

SECTION 20ISOLATED POWER SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

SECTION 21MOTOR CONTROL CENTERS: LOW AND

MEDIUM VOLTAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36

SECTION 22MOTOR STARTERS: LOW VOLTAGE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

SECTION 23MOTOR STARTERS: MEDIUM VOLTAGE . . . . . . . . . . .40

SECTION 24OIL SWITCHES: MEDIUM VOLTAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42

SECTION 25PROTECTIVE RELAYS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43

SECTION 26STEP VOLTAGE REGULATORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44

SECTION 27SURGE ARRESTERS: LOW VOLTAGE SURGEPROTECTION DEVICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

SECTION 28SURGE ARRESTERS: MEDIUM AND HIGH

VOLTAGE SURGE PROTECTION DEVICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47

SECTION 29 SWITCHGEAR AND SWITCHBOARD ASSEMBLIES:

LOW AND MEDIUM VOLTAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

SECTION 30TRANSFORMERS: DRY TYPE: ALL VOLTAGES -

LARGE (GREATER THAN 167 SINGLE-PHASE AND 500KVA

THREE-PHASE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51

TABLE OF CONTENTS


3/66

Bulletin No. 0180IB0001R5/01 Procedures for Startup and Commissioning of Electrical Equipment

May 2001 List of Tables

3 2000-2001 Schneider Electric All Rights Reserved

SECTION 31TRANSFORMERS: DRY TYPE - SMALL

(167KVA SINGLE-PHASE, 500KVA THREE-PHASE,

AND SMALLER) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

SECTION 32TRANSFORMERS, INSTRUMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53

SECTION 33TRANSFORMERS: LIQUID-FILLED: ALL VOLTAGES . 55

Table 1: US Standard Bolt Torques for Bus and Cable

Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Table 2: Insulation-Resistance Test Voltage for Electrical

Apparatus and Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Table 3: Transformer Insulation-Res. Acceptance Test Voltage

and Min. Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Table 4: Insulation Resistance Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Table 5: Power Frequency Dielectric Withstand Test . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Table 6: Instrument Transformer Dielectric Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Table 7: Schneider Molded Case Circuit Breaker Watts

Loss/Resistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Table 8: Schneider Type DS, DSII, DSL, and DSLII Circuit

Breaker Contact Resistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

LIST OF TABLES


4/66


Section 1Introduction May 2001


This bulletin details the inspection and testing procedures that Schneider

Services technicians must follow during commissioning and startup of

electrical equipment. These inspections and tests are performed on new

equipment, after installation and prior to energizing, in order to:

1. check that the equipment has not been damaged during shipment or

installation;

2. verify that the equipment is in compliance with the purchase specification

and design intent; and

3. document test results that can serve as benchmarks for future tests.

The standard deliverables to the customer are those inspections and tests

listed under subsections A, B, and D (Instrument Transformers only) of each

equipments startup procedures. Schneider technicians will perform the

optional tests listed in subsections C and E (Instrument Transformers only) if

specified by the customer at the time the order is received.

For testing of equipment not detailed in this document,Schneider Services

will refer to the InterNational Electrical Testing Associations (NETA)

guidelines in Acceptance Testing Specifications for Electrical Power

Distribution Equipment and Systems(NETA ATS 1999).

For additional information, contact Schneider Services

Schneider Electric has been granted permission to publish insulation

resistance acceptance criteria as listed in the Acceptance Testing

Specifications for Electrical Power Distribution Equipment and

Systems(NETA ATS 1999) published by the International Electrical Testing

Association. Publication of data taken from this document may require

permission of Schneider Electric and InterNational Electrical Testing

Association.

SECTION 1INTRODUCTION

Acknowledgement


5/66


May 2001 Section 2Safety


Proper safety procedures shall be reviewed and implemented before each

activity listed in this procedure and the Schneider Field Service

Safety, Health and Environmental Handbook. Job Safety Analysis followed

by a toolbox/pre-job meeting shall be conducted prior to any activity listed in

this procedure. The toolbox meeting shall be documented and attached to

the FS101. Proper safety procedures as detailed in the Schneider

Electric Field Services Safety, Health and Environmental Handbook,employee training, and customers requirements shall be implemented as

dictated by each sites requirements.

Services Employees are NOT authorized to work on live equipment. There

may be occasions in which you are taking measurements or checking

voltages within an energized enclosure, but you are NOT authorized to do

Hands on Live repairs!

Schneider does not typically perform shutdown and/or switching

operations, because these operations may result in damage to property or

persons downstream of the equipment as a result of conduct, errors, or

omissions made by others. If a customer requests Schneider to

perform such services, technicians must contact their District Manager for

approval and proper procedures.

Required personal protective equipment is detailed in the latest revision of

procedure SQDS-SHE-001. A copy of this procedure may be obtained from

the District Manager or from the Safety, Health, and Environment Manager.

SECTION 2SAFETY


6/66


Section 3AC Drives May 2001


A. Physical Inspection

1. Document equipment nameplate data on the test report. Verify

equipment nameplate ratings are in accordance with the final approved

or record drawings and specifications.

2. Check for shipping damage: broken operators, switches, or pilot lights;

dented or bent enclosure structures.

3. Check for any loose assemblies, excessive dirt, dust, or moisture. Clean

up if necessary using a shop vacuum.

4. Tighten all power wiring connections to proper torque value. Check line

and load side connections of all disconnect switches, breakers,

contactors, and overloads.

5. Check for proper wire sizing per the manufacturers recommendations.

Check insulation integrity; tighten to the specified torque per the

manufacturers instructions.

6. Verify that a properly sized grounding conductor is connected to the drive

grounding lug and terminates on a ground lug in the power distribution

panel.

7. Verify that wires connected between the drive and the motor are correctly

sized per the manufacturers instructions. Verify that these wires areseparated from all other wiring (ideally in their own conduit). Note the

length of wire between the drive and the motor on the test report.

8. Tighten all control wiring connections to the proper torque value. Check

and tighten the drive control terminals. Check and tighten all terminal

block connections. Check for proper insulation strip length on customer

supplied control wiring.

9. Check door and disconnect switch alignment and opening/closing

operation.

10. Test all mechanical interlocking devices.

11. Manually operate all contactors to verify freedom of movement.

12. Verify that customer supplied fusing agrees with the manufacturers

recommendations.

13. Verify mechanical operation of isolation contactor. Tighten power and

control connections. Verify the proper coil voltage rating.

14. Verify that the options board is securely fastened and plug-in terminals

are present.

15. Check for proper heaters used in ISO/Bypass unit.

16. Verify that the location of the drive will not be allowed to be hotter than

100 F or colder than 32 F, and that no condensing moisture is present.

17. Verify the type of load: constant torque or variable torque (centrifugal

pumps and fans). Note the machines functional name on the test report.

18. Verify that the proper Torque Type is selected (i.e., Constant, Variable, or

Variable Low Noise).

B. Electrical Tests

The following tests involve the setup of the drive by using the programmable

menus in the drive. Supply single-phase power at the rated system voltage

level, +/-15, to the CL1 and CL2 terminals of the drive.

1. Set the Motor Nominal Current parameter to Motor nameplate Full Load

Amp (FLA) value.

2. Set the High Speed Parameter to 60 Hz, or the maximum setting intended

by the user.

SECTION 3AC DRIVES


7/66


May 2001 Section 3AC Drives


3. Set the Low Speed Parameter to 0 Hz, or the minimum setting intended

by the user.

4. Set the Acceleration parameter to approximately 20 seconds.

5. Set the Deceleration parameter to approximately 30 seconds.

6. Check the Input/Output Map assignments.

7. Set the keypad to display four table scroll.8. Set Output Phase Fault parameter to No.

9. Operate the drive with no motor connected. Cycle the unit through several

Start and Stop sequences, ramping to full speed and to zero. (Use

Keypad Mode if no external Start/Stop or Speed control is available.)

10. Return Output Phase Fault parameter to Yes.

For the following tests, the equipment will be energized onto the power

distribution circuit by the means provided (i.e., disconnect switch) for the

drive. The connected motor will be bumped to verify proper rotating

direction using the drive as well as any bypass to line feature, if provided.

11. Measure the output of ac control transformers to be within +/-5% of

nominal output voltage. Measure dc control supplies (for customer use),

and verify that they are within the manufacturers recommendations.

12. Measure the dc bus voltage and verify that it is equal to the measured

RMS Line to Line input voltage x 1.414 +/-5%.

13. Measure the RMS values of Line to Line voltages: L1 to L2, L1 to L3, and

L2 to L3. Verify that they are 208, 230, or 460 Vac rms +/-10%. Phase to

Phase voltage imbalance must be less than +/-2%. Measure L1, L2, and

L3 to ground. Phase to ground voltage imbalance should be less than

+/-5%. Perform measurements in standby mode, medium motor load,

and full motor load.

14. Verify that phase rotation in Bypass mode is per the manufacturers

recommendations. If incorrect, swap any two line-side power wires at the

disconnecting switch.

15. Verify that phase rotation in AFC mode at approximately 10 Hz is per the

manufacturers recommendations. If incorrect, swap any two wires at the

T lead connections on the drive.

16. Measure Output voltages at the T lead terminals of the drive with no

motor connected (open circuit with output phase fail detection turned off)

and the drive running at half speed and again at full speed. Verify that

phase to phase output voltage imbalance is less than 2% at any output

frequency. Repeat with the motor connected and running at medium

motor load and again at full motor load.

17. Measure the motor current in each T lead at medium motor load and

again at full motor load. Output Phase Current imbalance must be less

than 5% at any load. Compare readings taken to displayed value of output

current on the Keypad. Note any discrepancies on the test report.

18. Verify that speed control signals vary within the voltage or current range

of the input to which they are connected. Check for proper shielding on

wires connected to speed control inputs. Verify that signals are isolatedfrom power wires.

19. Verify that I/O points are assigned to proper functions per factory

drawings.

20. Verify that Hand and Auto controls, Start, Stop, and speed input, operate

the drive correctly.

21. Check that all indicating lamps illuminate only for their assigned

functions. Check all Push to Test lamps.


8/66


Section 4Air Switches: Low Voltage (Bolted Pressure, QMB, or Equal) May 2001


A. Visual and Mechanical Inspection

1. Document equipment nameplate data on test report. Verify equipment

nameplate ratings are in accordance with the final approved and record

drawings and specifications, if available.

2. Inspect physical and mechanical condition.

3. Confirm application of lubricants at manufacturer's recommendedlocations.

4. Verify appropriate anchorage and required area clearances.

5. Verify appropriate equipment grounding.

6. Verify correct blade alignment, blade penetration, travel stops, and

mechanical operation.

7. Verify and record fuse sizes and types are in accordance with drawings

and short-circuit and coordination studies, if available.

8. Verify tightness of accessible bolted electrical connections by calibrated

torque-wrench method in accordance with manufacturer's published

data. If no manufacturer's data is available, use the values in Table 1 on

page 57.

9. Check all interlocking systems for correct operation and sequencing, and

key distribution, if applicable.

10. Verify correct phase barrier materials and installation.

11. Inspect all indicating and control devices for correct operation.

12. Check the condition of arc contacts and arc chutes.

B. Electrical Tests

NOTE: When performing dielectric tests, you must disconnect all Instrument

and Control Transformers, Arresters, TVSS units, and other sensitive

electronic equipment that may cause erroneous results or cause damage to

equipment that is not rated in accordance Panelboard industry standards.

Verify the proper selection and operation of the electrical test equipment.

Record the date of the last calibration date and the date re-calibration is due.

1. Perform insulation-resistance tests on each pole, phase-to-phase and

phase-to-ground with switch closed and across each open pole for one

minute. Test voltage shall be in accordance with manufacturer's published

data or Table 2 on page 59.

2. Switches equipped with solenoid trip, blown main fuse detector, etc., test

each feature for proper operation. To test blown fuse detector, activate it

and confirm by attempting to close the breaker without reset.

3. Sswitches, perform Blade Contact Resistance Test

(a) With the device de-energized, operate the device closed and open

several time using either manual or electrical means.

(b) Apply a minimum current of 100 amperes dc through the closed

contacts. If 100 A is not available, use the highest current available. Ifthe device does not conform to the manufacturers specification,

obtain equipment to perform the test at 100 A or consult the factory

with full information about the details of the test. If the continuous

current rating is less than 100 A, then test at a level not to exceed the

continuous current rating.

SECTION 4AIR SWITCHES: LOWVOLTAGE (BOLTED PRESSURE, QMB,

OR EQUAL)


9/66


May 2001 Section 4Air Switches: Low Voltage (Bolted Pressure, QMB, or Equal)


(c) Measure the contact resistance of each pole and compare with the

following values:

NOTE: Current Source Test Probes must be placed on extreme ends of

the Jaw Terminal and the Hinge/Fuse Pad with the Potential Measuring

Probes placed approximately one inch from each Current Source Test

Probe, on the inside between the Current Source Test Probes.

(d) If the resistances is below the value shown above, the condition of the

device contacts is considered suitable for service. If the resistance

exceeds the value above, open and close the device several more

times. If high readings persists, increase the DC test current to a levelequivalent to the continuous current rating of the device. Contact the

factory if nominal values of resistance cannot be achieved.

4. Measure fuse resistance to check continuity.

5. Test the ground fault relay by current injection to verify that the switch trips

at the proper setting.

6. Perform adjustments on the ground fault setting for final settings in

accordance with the coordination study supplied by the owner, if

applicable.

BP Switch Rating Resistance

800 Amp. 13 Micro-Ohms Max.








10/66


Section 5Air Switches: Medium Voltage, Metal-Enclosed May 2001




nameplate ratings are in accordance with the final approved or record



3. Confirm correct application of lubricants at manufacturer's recommendedlocations.

4. Verify appropriate anchorage and required area clearances.

5. Verify appropriate equipment grounding.

6. Verify correct blade alignment, blade penetration, travel stops, and

mechanical operation. Check to make sure the interrupter blade for

type HVL switches securely latched with in the arc chute when

the switch closes. A properly latched interrupter blade will stay latched

within the arc chute until the main blades are about half way open in the

opening cycle.

7. Verify that fuse sizes and types are in accordance with drawings and

short-circuit and coordination studies, if available.

8. Inspect fuse holders for tightness and alignment.

9. Verify that expulsion-limiting devices are in place on all holders having

expulsion-type elements. Verify that they are installed to vent in the

proper direction.




page 57.

11. Check all interlocking systems for correct operation and sequencing, and

key distribution, if applicable.

12. Verify correct phase-barrier materials and installation.

13. Inspect all indicating and control devices for correct operation.

14. Verify that the Lightning arresters have been connected, verify that they

have the proper voltage per the manufacturers drawings.15. Inspect the linkage and gap adjustments on VISI-VAC switches to

confirm that a sealing compound has been applied and that the

adjustments are finger tight.


B. Electrical Tests




equipment that is not rated in accordance with Switchgear industry

standards.

Verify the proper selection and operation of the electrical test equipment.Record the date of the last calibration date and the date re-calibration is due.



minute. Test voltage shall be in accordance with manufacturer's published

data or Table 2 on page 59.

2. Perform a dielectric test (Hi-Pot) on each pole with switch closed. Test

each pole-to-ground with all other poles grounded. Test voltage shall be

in accordance with manufacturer's published data or Table 5 on page 61.

SECTION 5AIR SWITCHES: MEDIUMVOLTAGE, METAL-ENCLOSED


11/66


May 2001 Section 5Air Switches: Medium Voltage, Metal-Enclosed


3. Verify that heaters have been connected and is operating properly.

4. Measure fuse resistance to verify continuity.

5. Perform a contact-resistance test for HVL/cc and Visi-Vac

devices. Use the following procedure:

(a) With the device de-energized, operate the device closed and open

several times using either manual or electrical means.

(b) Apply a minimum current of 100 amperes dc through the closed

contacts. If 100 A is not available, use the highest current available. If

the device does not conform to the manufacturers specification,

obtain equipment to perform the test at 100 A or consult the factory





following values:

VISI-VAC ..............85 Micro-Ohms

HVL/cc ................. 75 Micro-Ohms

HVL .....................no value available

(d) If the resistance is below the value shown above, the condition of the

device contacts is considered suitable for service. If the resistance

exceeds the value above, open and close the device several more

times. If high readings persist, increase the dc test current to a level

equivalent to the continuous current rating of the device. Contact the

factory if nominal values of resistance cannot be achieved.

C. Optional Tests

Check the erosion gap of VISI-VAC vacuum bottles per the manufacturers

instructions .Adjust as necessary to meet specified gaps.


12/66


Section 6Air Switches: High and Medium Voltage, Open Style May 2001







3. Confirm correct application of lubricants at manufacturer's recommendedlocations.

4. Verify that grounding is in accordance with industry standards and project

specifications.




page 57.

6. Perform mechanical operator tests in accordance with manufacturer's

instructions.

7. Verify correct operation and adjustment of motor operator limit-switches

and mechanical interlocks.

8. Verify correct blade alignment, blade penetration, travel stops, arc

interrupter operation, and mechanical operation (over toggle).

9. Inspect fuse holders for tightness and alignment.


B. Electrical Tests





standards.





minute. Test voltage should be in accordance with manufacturer's

published data or Table 2 on page 59.

2. Perform a dielectric test (Hi-Pot) on each pole with switch closed. Test

each pole-to-ground with all other poles grounded. Test voltage shall be

in accordance with manufacturer's published data or Table 5 on page 61.

3. Perform a contact-resistance test across each switchblade and fuse

holder. Investigate any value exceeding 500 micro-ohms, or any values

that deviate from adjacent poles or similar switches by more than 25

percent.

SECTION 6AIR SWITCHES: HIGH ANDMEDIUM VOLTAGE, OPEN STYLE


13/66


May 2001 Section 7Analog Metering







3. Verify tightness of electrical connections.4. Verify mechanically for freedom of movement, correct travel and

alignment, and tightness of mounting hardware.

B. Electrical Tests



1. Check calibration of meters according to the manufacturers published

data.

2. Electrically confirm that current transformer and voltage transformer

secondary circuits are intact.

C. Optional Tests

1. Calibrate watt-hour meters according to manufacturer's published data.

2. Verify all instrument multipliers.

SECTION 7ANALOG METERING


14/66


Section 8Busways, Metal-Enclosed May 2001



1. Document equipment nameplate data on test report. Verify busway

nameplate ratings in accordance with final approved or record drawings

and specifications, if available.

2. Inspect the busway for physical damage and correct connection in

accordance with the single-line diagram.

3. Inspect for appropriate bracing, suspension, alignment, and enclosure

ground.

4. Using the calibrated torque-wrench method, verify that the tightness of

accessible bolted electrical connections is in accordance with the

manufacturer's published data. If no manufacturer's data is available, use

the values in Table 1 on page 57. For Square D, Low Voltage, I-Line

Busway, check to see that the outer head has been broken off. Verify that

the red plastic disk (VISI-TITE) at each bus joint is automatically

removed when the head is broken off.

5. To ensure adequate cooling, confirm that the physical orientation is in

accordance with manufacturer's labels.

6. Examine the outdoor busway for removal of weep-hole plugs, if

applicable, and the correct installation of joint shield. Verify that propergasketing is in place.

B. Electrical Tests



1. Measure insulation resistance of each busway, phase-to-phase and

phase-to-ground for one minute, in accordance with Table 2 on page 59.

For Square D, Low Voltage, I-Line busway, with the load and line ends

disconnected, and no overcurrent devices installed, use an insulation

resistance tester rated at 1000 volts to ensure the system is free from

short circuits and grounds (phase-to-phase, phase-to-neutral, and

phase-to-ground). The megohm readings should not be less than the

value calculated from the following formula. (If readings are less than the

values calculated from the formula consider drying the air with in the

building for at least a day and then remeasure. If low readings persist,

contact the factory.)

Megohms = 100 / length of run (in feet) or Megohms = 30.5 / length of run

(in meters)

2. Visual confirmation of correct phasing on each busway tie section

energized by separate sources. (De-energized)

C. Optional Tests

1. Perform contact-resistance test on each connection point of non

insulated busway. On insulated busway, measure resistance of

assembled busway sections and compare values with adjacent phases.2. Perform a dielectric test (Hi-Pot) on each busway, phase-to-ground with

phases not under test grounded, in accordance with manufacturer's

published data. Apply test voltage for one minute. Use test voltage values

as shown in Table 5 on page 61.

SECTION 8BUSWAYS, METAL-ENCLOSED


15/66


May 2001 Section 9Cables: Low Voltage and Medium Voltage



1. Verify that cable sizing and insulation temperature rating are in

accordance with final approved or record drawings and specifications, if

available. Note any deviations.

2. Inspect the exposed sections of cables for physical damage and correct

connection in accordance with single-line diagrams.

3. Using a calibrated torque wrench, verify that the tightness of accessible

bolted connections is in accordance with the manufacturer's published


page 57.

4. Inspect compression-applied connectors for correct cable match and

indentation.

5. Verify cable color coding with applicable engineer's specifications.

B. Electrical Tests




equipment that is not rated in accordance industry standards.

Verify that the opposite end of the cable run being tested is isolated form

personnel during testing. Verify that the electrical test equipment is correctly

selected and operates properly. Record the date of the last calibration date

and the date re-calibration is due.

1. Cables and leads shall be tested for continuity to ensure correct cable

connection and phasing rotation.

2. Perform an insulation resistance test on each conductor between one

conductor and ground with the other conductors grounded. Each

conductor shall be tested in the same manner.

(a) The test shall be performed at 1000 volts dc for one minute.

(b) Each 480V feeder cable shall be tested with the cable connected tothe racked-in but open breaker or switch at the equipment. Connection

at the other end of each of these cables shall be as follows:

(i) Cables to Motor Control Centers shall be connected to the bus with

the switches or breakers in the starters open.

(ii) Cables to motors and other equipment shall be connected to the

motors and equipment with feeder switches open.

C. Optional Test

Perform a dielectric test on medium voltage shielded cable per Table 5 on

page 61. Refer to the manufacturers published data, and perform at 5 KV

intervals, checking leakage current and decay voltage over the specified time

period.

SECTION 9CABLES: LOW VOLTAGEAND MEDIUM VOLTAGE


16/66


Section 10Capacitors: Power Factor Correction May 2001



1. Document equipment nameplate data on the test report.

2. Verify that the capacitor nameplate ratings are in accordance with the

final approved or record drawings and specifications.

3. Inspect the physical and mechanical condition of the equipment.

4. Inspect the capacitors for the correct mounting and required clearances,per the manufacturers recommended procedures.

5. Verify that capacitors are electrically connected in their specified

configuration, per the manufacturers recommended procedures.

6. Using a calibrated torque wrench, verify that the tightness of accessible

bolted electrical connections is in accordance with the manufacturer's

published data. If no manufacturer's data is available, use the values in

Table 1 on page 57.

B. Electrical Tests

1. Perform insulation-resistance tests from terminal(s) to case for one

minute on capacitors with more than one bushing. The test voltage and

minimum resistance shall be in accordance with the manufacturers

instructions or Table 2 on page 59.

2. Measure the capacitance of all terminal combinations.

3. Measure the resistance of the internal discharge resistors.

SECTION 10CAPACITORS: POWERFACTOR CORRECTION


17/66


May 2001 Section 11Circuit Breakers: Low Voltage Insulated Case/Molded Case



Field Testing Industrial Molded-Case Circuit Breakers)



drawings and specifications.

2. Inspect circuit breaker for correct mounting.

3. Operate circuit breaker to insure smooth operation.

4. Inspect case for cracks or other defects.

5. Verify tightness of accessible bolted connections and/or cable

connections by calibrated torque-wrench method in accordance with


the values in Table 1 on page 57.

6. Verify that trip units, shunt trip coils, auxiliary contacts and all other

accessories are in accordance with the job specifications.

7. Exercise the push to trip button to verify trip and reset.

8. If the circuit breaker contains a MICROLOGIC trip unit, perform the

following inspections:

a. Verify that the breaker is equipped with the correct rating plugs andcurrent sensors.

b. Verify that the breaker has the specified trip unit, LI, LS, LSI, and

LSIG.

c. Verify that the breaker has the specified accessories, such as

Auxiliary Contacts, Cell Switches, Shunt Trip Devices, and

Undervoltage Release.

d. Verify that the Ground Fault System has been wired in accordance

with the specified wiring diagram, and that the Sensor Grounds are

either present or not present as specified.

e. Verify that the secondary control plug/connections are in accordance

with the wiring diagram and specifications.

9. If it is an SED or drawout MASTERPACTcircuit breaker, perform the

following inspections:

a. Confirm that lubricants have been correctly applied at the

manufacturer's recommended locations.

b. Inspect anchorage, alignment, and grounding. Inspect arc chutes.

Inspect moving and stationary contacts for condition and alignment.

c. Verify that all maintenance devices are available for servicing and

operating the breaker.

d. Perform all mechanical operator and contact alignment tests on both

the breaker and its operating mechanism.

e. Check cell fit and element alignment.

f. Check the racking mechanism.

B. Electrical Tests




equipment that is not rated in accordance with molded case circuit breaker

industry standards.



SECTION 11CIRCUIT BREAKERS:LOW VOLTAGE INSULATED CASE/

MOLDED CASE


18/66


Section 11Circuit Breakers: Low Voltage Insulated Case/Molded Case May 2001


1. Perform a contact-resistance test for Circuit breakers listed in

Table 7 on page 63 in accordance with the following procedure.

NOTE: The following procedure assumes the breaker is new, but may

have carried some previous load current.

(a) Completely de-energize the equipment.

(b) Operate the circuit breaker manually on and off several times to

ensure the mechanism linkages are free and operate properly. Trip

the circuit breaker with the push to trip button if so equipped. Reset

and turn the breaker back on. Repeat to ensure operability. If the

circuit breaker does not trip, or if it does not reset after tripping, it must

be replaced.

(c) Measure the voltage drop across each pole or the resistance with a

digital low-resistance ohmmeter.

(d) Calculate the Resistance (if necessary) (Vdc drop/Idc rating current)

(e) Compare the Resistance (calculated or reading) with the values listed

in Table 7 on page 63.

(f) If the value calculated or read is higher than the values listed in Table

7 on page 63, repeat the process starting at (c) above operating the

breaker several times. If high readings persist, recommend that thebreaker be replaced.

2. Perform an insulation-resistance test at 1000 volts dc from pole-to-pole

and from each pole-to-ground with breaker closed and across open

contacts of each phase. Insulation resistance should be greater than 100

Megohms.

3. Perform adjustments for final settings in accordance with coordination

study supplied by owner, if available.

4. Verify correct operation of any auxiliary features such as trip and pickup

indicators, electrical close and trip operation, trip-free, and anti pump

function.

5. If the circuit breaker contains a MICROLOGIC trip unit, perform the

following tests:

a. Make adjustments for the final settings in accordance with the

coordination study supplied by the owner, if available.

b. Determine the minimum pickup current by secondary current

injection, using the manufacturers specified test device and

procedures.

c. Determine long-time delay by secondary current injection, using the

manufacturers specified test device and procedures.

d. Determine short-time pickup and delay by secondary current


procedures.

e. Determine ground-fault pickup and delay by secondary current


procedures.f. Determine the instantaneous pickup value by secondary current


procedures.

g. Activate auxiliary protective devices such as undervoltage relays, to

ensure that shunt trip devices are operating. Check the operation of

electrically operated breakers in their cubicles.

h. Verify auxiliary features, such as trip and pickup indicator, electrical

close and trip operation, trip-free, and antipump function are

operating correctly.


19/66


May 2001 Section 11Circuit Breakers: Low Voltage Insulated Case/Molded Case


i. Check the electric charging mechanism, if applicable.

C. Optional Tests

1. Perform insulation-resistance tests in accordance with Table 2 on page

59. Do not perform this test on wiring connected to solid-state

components.

2. Perform long-time delay time-current characteristic tests by passing 300

percent rated current through each pole separately unless series testing

is required to defeat ground fault functions.

3. Determine short-time pickup and delay by primary current injection using

the manufacturers current specified procedures. If the procedures are

not available, set the pickup somewhere above minimum.

4. Determine ground-fault pickup and time delay by primary current injection

using the manufacturers current specified procedures. If the procedures

are not available, set the pickup somewhere above minimum.

5. Determine instantaneous pickup current by primary injection using run-

up or pulse method, per the manufacturers current specified procedures.

NOTE: Values of pickup and delay found should agree with the

manufacturers specifications.


20/66


Section 12Circuit Breakers: Low Voltage Power (ANSI/IEEE C37.13) May 2001



1. Document equipment nameplate data on test report. Verify that


or record drawings and specifications, if available.


3. Confirm that lubricants have been correctly applied at the manufacturer'srecommended locations.

4. Inspect anchorage, alignment, and grounding. Inspect arc chutes.

Inspect moving and stationary contacts for condition and alignment.

5. Verify that all maintenance devices are available for servicing and

operating the breaker.

6. Perform all mechanical operator and contact alignment tests on both the

breaker and its operating mechanism.

7. Using the calibrated torque-wrench method, verify that the tightness of

accessible bolted bus connections is in accordance with the


the values in Table 1 on page 57.

8. Check cell fit and element alignment.

9. Check the racking mechanism.

10. Verify that the breaker is equipped with the correct rating plugs and

current sensors.

11. Verify that the breaker has the specified trip unit, LI, LS, LSI, and LSIG.

12. Verify that the breaker has the specified accessories, such as Auxiliary

Contacts, Cell Switches, Shunt Trip Devices, and Undervoltage Release.

13. Verify that the Ground Fault System has been wired in accordance with

the specified wiring diagram, and that the Sensor Grounds are either

present or not present as specified.

14. Verify that the secondary control plug/connections are in accordance with

the wiring diagram and specifications.

B. Electrical Tests





standards.



1. Perform a contact-resistance test. For Type DS, DS II, DSL, and

DSL II type circuit breakers, use the following procedure:

(a) With the breaker de-energized, operate the breaker closed and open

several times using either manual or electr ical means.(b) Apply a minimum current of 100 amperes dc through the closed

contacts. If 100 A is not available, use the highest current available. If

the device does not conform to the manufacturers specification,

obtain equipment to perform the test at 100 A, or consult the factory





values listed in Table 8 on page 66.

SECTION 12CIRCUIT BREAKERS:LOW VOLTAGE POWER (ANSI/IEEE

C37.13)


21/66


May 2001 Section 12Circuit Breakers: Low Voltage Power (ANSI/IEEE C37.13)


(d) If the resistance is below the value shown in Table 8 on page 66, the

condition of the breaker contacts is considered suitable for service. If

the resistance exceeds the value in Table 8, the contacts can be

abraded lightly with Scotchbrite or crocus cloth to remove oxides or

other contaminants. Excessive abrading of contacts should be

avoided since the silver plating could be abraded away. Contact the

factory if nominal values of resistance cannot be achieved.2. Perform an insulation-resistance test at 1000 volts dc from pole-to-pole

and from each pole-to-ground, with the breaker closed and across open

contacts of each phase. The minimum insulation resistance shall be in

accordance with Table 2 on page 59.

3. Make adjustments for the final settings in accordance with the

coordination study supplied by the owner, if available.

4. Determine the minimum pickup current by secondary current injection,

using the manufacturers specified test device and procedures.

5. Determine long-time delay by secondary current injection, using the

manufacturers specified test device and procedures.

6. Determine short-time pickup and delay by secondary current injection,


7. Determine ground-fault pickup and delay by secondary current injection,


8. Determine the instantaneous pickup value by secondary current

injection, using the manufacturers specified test device and procedures.

9. Activate auxiliary protective devices such as undervoltage relays, to

ensure that shunt trip devices are operating. Check the operation of

electrically operated breakers in their cubicles.

10. Verify auxiliary features, such as trip and pickup indicator, electrical close

and trip operation, trip-free, and antipump function are operating correctly.

11. Check the electric charging mechanism, if applicable.

C. Optional Testing

1. Perform an insulation-resistance test in accordance with Table 2 on page59. Do not perform the test on wiring connected to solid-state

components.

2. Determine minimum pickup current by primary current injection, using the

manufacturers specified procedures. If the procedures are not available,

set the pickup somewhere above minimum.

3. Determine long-time delay by primary current injection, using the

manufacturers specified procedures. If the procedures are not available,

set the delay somewhere above minimum.

4. Determine short-time pickup and delay by primary current injection, using

the manufacturers specified procedures. If the procedures are not

available, set the pickup somewhere above minimum.

5. Determine ground-fault pickup and delay by primary current injection,

using the manufacturers specified procedures. If the procedures are not


6. Determine instantaneous pickup value by primary current injection, using

the manufacturers specified procedures. If the procedures are not


7. Activate the Blown Fuse detector and confirm by attempting to close the

breaker without reset.

NOTE: The values of pickup and delay should agree with the manufacturers

specifications.


22/66


Section 13Circuit Breakers: Medium Voltage SF6 May 2001






2. Inspect the physical and mechanical condition of the breaker.


4. Inspect anchorage and grounding.

5. Inspect and verify that adjustments of the mechanism are in accordance

with the manufacturer's instructions.

6. Check indicators for gas leaks in accordance with the manufacturer's

instructions.

7. Verify correct operation of all air and SF6 gas pressure switches, alarms

and cutouts. (Note: For sealed interrupters, the pressure cannot be varied

to change the state of pressure switches.)

8. Slow the close/open breaker and check for binding.

9. Use the calibrated torque wrench method to verify that the tightness of

accessible bolted connections and/or cable connections are in

accordance with the manufacturer's published data. If no manufacturer's

data is available, use the values in Table 1 on page 57.

10. Record as-found and as-left counter operations.

B. Electrical Tests




equipment that is not rated in accordance with the equipment standards.



1. Measure contact resistances using the following procedure:

(a) Operate the breaker closed and open several. times.

(b) Apply 100 amperes DC and measure the resistance of each pole. If

100 A is not available, use the highest current available. If the device

does not conform to the manufacturers specification, obtain

equipment to perform the test at 100 A or consult the factory with full

information about the details of the test. If the continuous current rating

is less than 100 A, then test at a level not to exceed the continuous

current rating.

(c) If the measured resistance is greater than 2000 micro-ohms, consult

the manufacturer

2. Perform insulation-resistance tests pole-to-pole, pole-to-ground, and

across open poles in accordance with Table 2 on page 59.

3. Perform a power frequency withstand test in accordance with the

manufacturer's instructions. For circuit breakers, perform the

test in accordance with Table 5 on page 61.

4. Verify trip, close, trip-free, and antipump functions.

5. Trip the circuit breaker by operating each protective device.

SECTION 13CIRCUIT BREAKERS:MEDIUM VOLTAGE SF6


23/66


May 2001 Section 13Circuit Breakers: Medium Voltage SF6


C. Optional Tests

1. Perform an insulation-resistance test on all control wiring in accordance

with Table 2 on page 59. Do not perform this test on wiring connected to

solid-state relays.

2. Perform time-travel analysis using a travel distance timer.

3. Perform dissipation-factor/power-factor tests on breaker and bushings oneach pole with the breaker open, and on each phase with the breaker

closed.

4. Perform a minimum pick-up voltage test on trip and close coils.


24/66


Section 14Circuit Breakers: Medium Voltage Vacuum May 2001








4. Inspect anchorage, alignment, and grounding.

5. Perform all mechanical operational tests on both the circuit breaker and

its operating mechanism.

6. Measure critical distances, such as contact gap, as specified by the

manufacturers service bulletin.





8. Record as-found and as-left operation counter readings.

B. Electrical Tests







1. Perform a contact-resistance test in accordance with the following

procedure:

(a) Operate the breaker closed and open several times.

(b) Apply 100 Amperes dc and measure the contact resistance of each

pole. If 100 A is not available, use the highest current available. If thedevice does not conform to the manufacturers specification, obtain

equipment to perform the test at 100 A or consult the factory with full

information about the details of the test. If the continuous current

rating is less than 100 A, then test at a level not to exceed the


(c) Breaker pole units having a resistance exceeding 35 microhms shall

be referred to the manufacturer for further evaluation.

2. Verify the trip, close, trip-free, and antipump functions.

3. Trip the circuit breaker by operating each protective device.

4. Perform insulation-resistance tests pole-to-pole, pole-to-ground, and

across open circuit breaker separable contacts in accordance with Table

2 on page 59.

5. Perform a vacuum bottle integrity (over potential) test. Use an AC Hi-Pot

across each vacuum bottle with the breaker in the open position, in strict

accordance with manufacturer's instructions. For Metal-Clad Switchgear,

apply the Maximum Test Voltage across the open gap in accordance with

Table 5 on page 61 for a duration of one minute. Contact the manufacturer

if repeated consistent breakdowns are encountered.

SECTION 14CIRCUIT BREAKERS:MEDIUM VOLTAGE VACUUM

HAZARD OF INJURY OR EQUIPMENT

DAMAGE

DC LIM Hi-Pot testing of vacuum breakers is

not recommended.

Read the label on the vacuum bottle forprecautions to take against the danger of x-

ray emission while performing AC Hi-Pot

testing.

Failure to follow these instructions can

result in injury or equipment damage.

CAUTION


25/66


May 2001 Section 14Circuit Breakers: Medium Voltage Vacuum


C. Optional Testing

1. Perform an insulation-resistance test on all control wiring in accordance

with Table 2 on page 59. Do not perform this test on wiring connected to

solid-state relays.

2. Perform breaker travel and velocity analysis, using a travel distance timer.

3. Perform minimum pickup voltage tests on trip and close coils.4. Perform dissipation-factor/power-factor tests on each pole with the

breaker open, and on each phase with the breaker closed.


26/66


Section 15Direct Current Systems: Batteries May 2001



1. Document equipment nameplate data on the test report. Verify that




3. Use the calibrated torque wrench method to verify that the tightness ofaccessible bolted connections and/or cable connections are in



4. Measure electrolyte specific gravity and temperature, and visually check

the fill level.

B. Electrical Tests



1. Verify that all charger functions and alarms are operating properly.

2. Measure each cell voltage and total battery voltage with the charger

energized and in float mode of operation.

C. Optional Tests

1. Verify that flame arresters are present.

2. Set the charger float and equalizing voltage levels.

3. Perform a capacity load test in accordance with the manufacturer's

specifications and ANSI/IEEE standards.

ANSI/IEEE Std 450-1987. Recommended Practice for Maintenance,

Testing and Replacement of Large Lead Storage Batteries for

Generating Stations and Substations.

ANSI/IEEE Std 1106-1987. Recommended Practice for

Maintenance, Testing and Replacement of Nickel-Cadmium Storage

Batteries for Generating Stations and Substations.

SECTION 15DIRECT CURRENTSYSTEMS: BATTERIES


27/66


May 2001 Section 16Emergency Systems: Automatic Transfer Switches



1. Compare equipment nameplate data with drawings and specifications.

Verify that equipment nameplate ratings are in accordance with the final

approved or record drawings and specifications.



4. Verify that manual transfer warnings are attached and visible.

5. Verify tightness of all control connections.





7. Perform manual transfer operation.

8. Verify positive mechanical interlocking between normal and alternate

sources.

B. Electrical Tests







1. Measure contact-resistance.

2. Perform insulation-resistance tests, phase-to-phase and phase-to-

ground, with the switch in both source positions at the minimum dc test

voltage appropriate for the equipments Maximum Rated Voltage, in

accordance with Table 2 on page 59. Record the resistances.

3. Verify the settings and operation of control devices.

4. Calibrate and set all relays and timers in accordance with Section 25

Protective Relays on page 43.

5. Perform the following automatic transfer tests:

(a) Simulate loss of normal power.

(b) Return to normal power.

(c) Simulate loss of emergency power.

(d) Simulate all forms of single-phase conditions.

6. Verify that the following functions have correct timing and are operating

properly:

(a) Normal source voltage-sensing relays

(b) Engine start sequence(c) Time delay upon transfer

(d) Alternate source voltage-sensing relays

(e) Automatic transfer operation

(f) Interlocks and limit switch function

(g) Time delay and retransfer upon normal power restoration

(h) Engine cool down and shutdown feature

SECTION 16EMERGENCY SYSTEMS:AUTOMATIC TRANSFER SWITCHES


28/66


Section 16Emergency Systems: Automatic Transfer Switches May 2001


7. Verify that the mechanical power is removed from the generator in the

event of a phase to phase or phase to ground fault between the generator

and generator protection means (i.e., Circuit Breaker or Fuses).


29/66


May 2001 Section 17Ground-Fault Protection Systems






2. Visually inspect the components for damage and errors in polarity or

conductor routing.

(a) Verify that the ground connection is made ahead of the neutral

disconnect link, and on the line side of any ground fault sensor.

NOTE: In some cases, Generator neutrals are also bonded to ground

in a similar fashion as service entrance bonds are used for

commercial power connections. In these cases, neutral sensors are

used in the bond connection and differentially connected within the

Ground Fault detection system.

(b) Verify that proper polarity exists for both primary and secondary

connectors to the neutral sensors.

(c) Verify that all phase conductors and the neutral pass through the

sensor in the same direction for zero sequence systems.

(d) Verify that grounding conductors do not pass through zero sequence

sensors.(e) Verify that the grounded conductor (usually Neutral) is bonded to ground

in accordance with the power system specifications. Bonding to ground

is permitted at the service entrance only with the exception of double

ended systems with a single center bond and/ or on the secondary of a

separately derived power systems including generators. Power systems

may have multiple service entrances and multiple bonding at the

multiple service entrances. Bonding to ground is not permitted

downstream of the service and separately derived equipment.

NOTE: Refer to the special operating and testing instructions

supplied with the equipment, if available.

3. Verify tightness of all electrical connections, including control circuits.

4. Verify correct operation of all functions of the self-test panel.

5. Verify that the control power transformer has adequate capacity for the system.

6. Set pickup and time-delay settings in accordance with the settings

provided in the owner's specifications.

B. Electrical Tests



1. Measure the system neutral-to-ground insulation resistance with the

neutral disconnect link temporarily removed. Replace the neutral

disconnect link after testing.

2. For a system: that involves only one source; is a ground fault protection

system that uses a zero phase sequence sensor that encompasses allphase and neutral conductors; and has a test winding within the zero

phase sequence sensor, test by injecting test current in the test winding,

as long as the sensor is not differentially connected with another sensor.

Such systems are typically used with fused switch systems, but are

occassionally used with circuit breaker systems where the internal

breaker GF protection system is not used. In this case, a primary current

injection test method need not be used. The test is a self test that uses a

feature integral to the unit. If instructions are not provided, use the

technique in step 3 below.

SECTION 17GROUND-FAULTPROTECTION SYSTEMS


30/66


Section 17Ground-Fault Protection Systems May 2001


3. For systems involving multiple sources or multiple levels of ground fault

protection, perform the following pickup tests using primary current

injection techniques. These tests shall be performed on each

independent bus, with test current applied from each possible source.

Example: If a power system consists of a Main, Tie, Main, and one

generator breaker on one side, this system would contain three

independent buses: the bus between the first Main and Tie; the busbetween the Tie and the second Main; and the bus (or conductors)

between the generator circuit breaker and generator. Test current would

be injected on the source side of each Main and from the generator

terminals. A grounding test lead would then be connected between each

of the defined bus locations and ground.

Check the manufacturers records for special testing procedures that

would be applicable for the particular system being tested.

(a) Verify that the relay does not operate at 90 percent of the pickup setting.

(b) Verify that pickup is less than 125 percent of setting, or 1200 amperes,

whichever is smaller.

4. For summation type systems utilizing phase and neutral current

transformers, verify that polarities are correct by applying current to each

phase-neutral current transformer pair. This test also applies to molded-case breakers using an external neutral current transformer.

(a) The relay should operate when the current direction is the same

relative to polarity marks in the two current transformers.

(b) The relay should not operate when the current direction is opposite

relative to polarity marks in the two current transformers.

5. Verify non-tripping activity by applying primary current injection testing

techniques as in number 2 above. Current setting for this test shall be

above 125 of the relay pickup setting. The test cable would be connected

between a phase conductor and the Neutral for that section of the gear.

This test shall be repeated for each condition as was determined in

number 2 above.

6. Verify that zone selective interlock systems are operating correctly.

Source breakers to an independent bus should receive a restraint signalwhen a ground fault is detected by a lower stream device. Complex

systems having multiple sources and tie breakers should operate in a

logical manner as is determined by the power system involved.

Example: For a Main, Tie, Main system, a restraint signal emanating from

a feeder breaker should not restrain the Main breaker on the opposite

side, unless that Main is the only means of protecting the bus to which

that feeder breaker is connected.

Since there are many different types of Ground Fault systemsElegant,

Non-Elegant, relayed tie, or non-relayed tieit is not practical to set down

one rule of operation. Each system must be evaluated on its own merit,

and a logical operation must be determined for each. It is suggested that

the project engineer be consulted in determining the correct operation.

C. Optional Tests

1. Measure the insulation resistance of the control wiring in accordance with

Table 2 on page 59. Do not perform tests on wir ing connected to solid-

state relays.

2. Measure the time delay of the relay at 150 percent or greater of pickup.

Verify operability of I2t function, if being used, of the ground fault trip device.

3. Verify reduced control voltage tripping capability: 55 percent for ac systems.


31/66


May 2001 Section 18Ground Resistors



1. Document equipment nameplate data on the test report. Verify that


or record drawings and coordination study, if available.


3. Verify that any shipping bracing, brackets, or fixtures are removed afterfinal placement.





5. Verify that all frame and enclosure grounds are correct.

6. Verify that tap connections are as specified, if applicable.

7. Perform a visual and mechanical inspection on all secondary wiring and

instrument transformers per the manufacturers installation and operating

procedures.

B. Electrical Tests

1. Perform an instrument transformer polarity check.

2. Perform insulation resistance tests on each instrument transformer, each

winding to ground at 500 volts dc. Do not perform this test on solid state

devices. Resistance readings should be consistent with Table 2 on page

59 for test voltages of 500 volts dc.

3. Test all electrical controls (relays, lights, switches) to verify that they are

operating properly.

SECTION 18GROUND RESISTORS


32/66


Section 19Grounding Systems May 2001



Verify that the ground system is in compliance with drawings and

specifications.

B. Electrical Tests




equipment that is not rated in accordance industry standards.



1. Perform a fall-of-potential test or alternative in accordance with IEEE

Standard 81-1991 on the main grounding electrode or system.

2. Perform point-to-point tests to determine the resistance between the

main grounding system and all major electrical equipment frames,

system neutral, and/or derived neutral points.

SECTION 19GROUNDING SYSTEMS


33/66


May 2001 Section 20Isolated Power Systems


NOTE: All equipment shall be assured to be complete

and of acceptable quality. Inspection and testing of all applicable wiring and

equipment must conform to Article 517 of the National Electrical Code (NEC)

and Article 99 of the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA).


1. Perform a functional check of all equipment in the area.

2. Inspect all equipment in the area for physical damage such as

cracked meters or scratches. Any physical or electrical defect must be

recorded and discussed with the appropriate people at the job site. If the

damage appears to have occurred at the job site, note this on your report.

3. Inspect the room ground and the patient reference ground if installed.

4. Remove the stainless steel trim and the circuit breaker dead front.

Examine the branch circuit wiring.

5. Verify that the proper breaker identification is on the circuit schedule.

6. Examine the receptacles, ground jacks, lights, switches, and

miscellaneous electrical equipment for compliance to applicable

electrical codes.

B. Electrical Tests

1. Measure line-to-line and line-to-ground voltage with an ac voltmeter and

record the voltage on the data sheet.

2. Measure the leakage current with an ac microammeter that is capable of

being accurate within 3%. Record the value to three significant figures.

Measure the current between L1 and ground and L2 and ground.

NOTE: Before taking current measurements, verify that no phase

conductor is at ground potential.

3. Use the following formulas to determine the individual line impedance

based on the values calculated in step 2 and line-to-line voltage

measurement:

Line impedance measurements will include all receptacles, but are not

required to include lighting fixtures or components of fixtures. All

electrical equipment connected to the isolated power system must be

unplugged, and permanently installed equipment must be switched off.

For isolation panels with branch-circuit interlock (x-ray panels), branch

circuits must be measured individually. Record the circuit with the lowestcalculated impedance as the system impedance.

For panels in which a combination of circuits may be energized (PLC

laser panels), measure branch circuits individually; energize the

combination of circuits that contributes the highest amount of leakage

current. This value is used to calculate the system impedance.

If a line impedance is below 200,000 ohms (NFPA-99 1996, 3-3.2.2.2),

the probable cause should be determined. If you cannot correct the

problem at this time, you must note it on the report.

SECTION 20ISOLATED POWER

SYSTEMS

Z(L1 to GD) = V(L1 to L2)I(L2 to GD)

Z(L2 to GD) = V(L1 to L2)I(L1 to GD)


34/66


Section 20Isolated Power Systems May 2001


4. Line Isolation Monitor (LIM) Calibration Tests: Determine the exact trip

point of the LIM by slowly lowering the impedance between each isolated

conductor and ground until the LIM goes into an alarm condition, and

then measure the total hazard current with an ac milliammeter.

Apply the following test faults between the isolated conductors and

ground:

Single resistive L1 to ground

Single resistive L2 to ground

Single resistive L3 to ground (three-phase systems)

Balanced resistive L1 to ground and L2 to ground (one-phase systems

only)

Single capacitive L1 to ground

Single capacitive L2 to ground

Single capacitive L3 to ground (three-phase systems)

Balanced capacitive L1 to ground (one-phase systems only)

NOTE: The correct trip point of a 2 mA ISO-GARD (series D) LIM is

1.95 mA, +0.15 mA. The correct trip point of a 5 mA ISO-GARD

(series D) LIM is 4.85 mA, +0.25 mA.5. In patient care areas, determine the effectiveness of the equipment

grounding system by using voltage and impedance measurements. Take

these measurements with respect to a reference grounding point such as

the ground bus in the isolation panel.

Take voltage measurements between the reference point and the

exposed conductive surfaces (including ground contacts of receptacles)

in the patient care vicinity.

NOTE: The voltage limit for new construction is 20mV.

Take impedance measurements between the reference point and the

grounding contact of each receptacle in the patient vicinity.

NOTE: The impedance limit for new construction is 0.1 ohms.

The grounding terminals of all receptacles and the conductive surfaces offixed equipment, operating at over 100 volts, must be grounded by a

conductor sized in accordance with NEC.

NOTE: Conductive surfaces in the patient area that arenot likely to

become energized(such as windows, door frames, and towel

dispensers) need not be intentionally grounded or tested. Ref: NFPA-99,

3-3.3.2.1

C. Hospital Staff Instruction

Provide a thorough explanation of the isolated power systems to the

appropriate hospital personnel. The instruction should include the following

points:

Basic theory of isolated power Advantages of isolated power systems versus grounded power systems

Purpose of the Line Isolation Monitor

Proper use of the grounding jacks

Basic troubleshooting techniques

Required periodic testing and record keeping


35/66


May 2001 Section 20Isolated Power Systems


D. Formal Customer Report

Provide a report of the test results to the customer within two weeks. The

report must include the following:

A list of the isolation panels and areas that were tested

Any code violations that were revealed by the testing and inspection

Recommendations for corrections of any code violations

A list of any damaged equipment. Note if these items will be replaced

under warranty.

Individual data sheets for the isolated power systems

A logbook with initial hazard current readings of the isolated systems


36/66


Section 21Motor Control Centers: Low and Medium Voltage May 2001






2. Inspect the physical, electrical, and mechanical condition of structure and

all electrical components.

3. Confirm that lubricants have been correctly applied at the manufacturer's

recommended locations.

4. Verify appropriate anchorage, required area clearances, physical

damage, and correct alignment and cleanliness.

5. Inspect all doors, panels, and sections for paint, dents, scratches, fit, and

missing hardware.

6. Verify that fuse and/or circuit breaker sizes and types correspond to

drawings and coordination study, if available, as well as to the circuit

breaker's address for microprocessor-communication packages.

7. Verify that current and potential transformer ratios correspond to

drawings.


accessible bolted connections and/or cable connections are inaccordance with the manufacturer's published data. If no manufacturer's


9. Confirm correct operation and sequencing of electrical and mechanical

interlock systems.

(a) Attempt closure on locked-open devices. Attempt to open locked-

closed devices.

(b) Make key exchange with devices operated in off-normal positions.

10. Inspect insulators for evidence of physical damage or contaminated

surfaces.

11. Verify correct barrier and shutter installation and operation.

12. Exercise all active components.

13. Verify that filters are in place and/or vents are clear.

14. Test the operation, alignment, and penetration of instrument transformer

withdrawal disconnects, current carrying and grounding, in accordance

with Section 32Transformers, Instrument on page 53.

15. Inspect control power transformers.

(a) Inspect for physical damage, such as cracked insulation, broken

leads, tightness of connections, defective wiring, and overall general

condition.

(b) Verify that primary and s

Documents

Start Up Procedures Egypt